Document 1gVZZ6rNakxrGepELQdzLX4Zj

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT IHF-494 SIite\atu\.e Qhstiacts 4 MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends $iu)ustiial Health Tlews VCL'JMIS 1-2 1027-----IS 22 htmmd Vimmty if INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH U3i. PA. S. Wirtb. Arch f. oxper. ?ati. Phara. .'179, u5o-9C2 (1925). The study of hydrocyanic acid poisoning has bocsso hi chi y importer: on account of Its incroased tochzical use. Tho author has investigated 60 sut3tczeoa tad fixtures to dotermiao how far thay caa reduce tho effect of hydrocyanic acid poisoning. The animals usod -- cats, rahhita, rats, alee tad pigeons -- wero first poisoned until tho rcsplratlaa ceased while ths heart continued to fuzr- tioa, then put iato chzmbors ia which-tho various suhatcacos v;oro iztrcducad la Taporincd fora. Sodia carhoaato was found tho rxst cffeetlro of the substance used. ..Its effect, was confined hy experiments ca ths Isolate frog's heart. A -actc?rigrl - ri-r_^r,-vhh1 `n r^-r^n lir^i 11j fsllov/ed " by'ali opp-sizg rise when grapo sugar asd methylene blue were administered. iio good results were found in experiments with suhstaaccs producing acthcmcglcbln. These exteasivo in7cstigatioas show that tho grectcst reserve must bo held rega iag thorapeutic aeasures for sovoro hydracyanic poiscaiag. Only under partieul ly favorable conditions can sufficient of tho poison bo neutralised to savo Ilf 75 HLU2 TEZPAFY Hi* MUEOEHEZS POISONING. E.D. Lciaoff. New England J Med., 215..191-193 {July 30, 1936). Methylene blue,"on antidote for nitrobenzene or cyarldo poiscaiag, was atelnist- cd intravenously to a- ana with an oxtrcncly cyanotic and dyspneic ccaditicn, characteristic of either of these pciscns. Nitrobenzene was recovered frea gas tric washings, and recovery was startling in rapidity. A brief discussion of a: uso of fflothylcnc blue is ineludod. ` * i ;H ' -V : i -t i .* J ' i. * 75 TEE SMSSS2L3 PNSBBCOIHOSSS ON T!2 BASIS OF PATHDLOGICAL-^IAISilCAL RESEARCH. J. Watjen. Nova acta Leopoldina, 477-592 (1936). Paeuascoaiosie has been studied in this locality 7.1th unusual thoroughness, and a aua.ber of papers havo been published dealing especially with anatomical and pathological aspects. Tho present paper ccabines all the aaterial collectod, v.-hicii is based on 119 autopsies of pncoscoziotic cases.- Only a few points eta be mentioned here: The dust of copper schist Is blech as a result of its bit'xzi ous content and this color is what appears in the lungs. The cost severe forms occur without tubercular complications. Softening end cavity formation also occ without tuboreuloris, evidently soro often than with other dusts. This Softool: leads to dust sobilizatlon and therewith to a progression of the proeoss eftor cessation of oxposuro. Tho Uansfald pncmoconiosis is undoubtedly a silicosis;, it has one peculiarity -- cavity formation. This papor is considered ona of the cost valuable publications on silicosis* 77 73 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE?5 FERITCHEALTISSUZ TO C23TAIH INDUSTRIAL AND PCS MINERAL LUSTS. J.W. Miller and R.R. Sayers. U.S.Pub. Health Repts., 51, 1677-' 1=39 (Deember 4, 1936). Vanom dusts were injected into tho peritonea of guinea pigs. The respoaso to each jiMrtlcular dust was constant in all tho animals examined, and could be classified as an absorptive, proliferative or inert reaction. In tho absorp- tivo reaction, tho injected dust disappeared frem the peritoneal cavity without tho production of scar tissuo. This reaction 13 given by calclto, limoatoao, precipitated chalk, gypsa and cement. Interpretation of this reaction is diffl. cult, but it appears logical that dusts which toad to rcania in tho tlssuca shou. be conaidurcd potentially harmful, although not as dangerous as thsso causing a prnlifcrativo reaction. In the prolifcrativo reaction tho nodules produced by the dust continually Increase ia sine. Quarts, tripoli and alllcooua chort (-emu of freo silica) predueo this reaction, which corresponds, therofore, to luag fibrosis and is producod by tho samo substances. In the laort roacticn, givon by anthracitu and bitoiaous ccal, procipitatsr ash, soapstono, talc, <D4-Sf ' >'. {WJL. f*) >. w i^r 'J asbestos* feldspar, silicon crrbtdo, hematite, calcic phasphnto and acricit 9 . Sc amount of injected dust remained tho scnc la tho peritoneal smr* bu: tho iodulM boeoao more flattoaed and flaa dust particles aro corriod over axtcasiTc areas tT phagocytos. With tils biological actiod of classlflcatloa, v;iici, .L_n a3 _____ of instances, has boon correlated with dial cal observations cad in dustrial surreys. It Is quito possible to use iztrzperitoaoal injection aetiads to dctexaiae tie pnetmoconlocic potcztialitles of a dust la a relatively short :ize, usually 60 days. . . ' ... 7S ?Nlt3XCiG.\TDnS"TN `SOUTH WALES. ; B'.Lv 'Ouzaizs.' ` r.-Hyg-.-Cuab. 36, -547-553 (Octcbcr, 1936). * -- .. la tic South .'.Vales coal flold; zazy cases of lung 'diacaso are fouad which cazzat it classified as silfcosiS, `and aro not cczpcasabl-e -under presezt laws. * Tho author describes sono `of those coalitions azd-attozpto to classify tho pncvmocan lcsos into four typos:" (1)` silicosis oad asbestosls; (2) slllco-azthrsccsls and allico-sidorpsls; (3) anthraeosis of coal trimaers and scrcenera, end (4) fibrat aggregations of inert dust occasionally present in all types, especially in sill uo-csthracosis. In all typos thero aro appcarzacos suggesting dsraego to the clastic structuro of the lung, which nay be related to tho esphysma (inflation cf luzg' tissue) and dyspnea (shortness of breath) often found. The mphysema is not necessarily a ccapcnsatory effect of fibrosis as it often occurs with .Tory little fibrosis. Bronchitis is ccrnon, probably as a result, rather than a caus of pneucoconiosis. Tho asount of fibrosia and lung daaago in South Woles pnou- eoccziosos vurios directly with tho Intensity and duration of oxposuro to sili ceous dust, as expressed in the silica content of tho dried lung. PATHOLOGY 0? TEZ'FNEuHOCQincSES. L.vJ. Gardner. N.Y. State!. Ued., 36, 1377-13 (October, 1936). This piper is a brief cvnmary of tho ozatenic changes produced by inhaled silica -.ad other dusts and the explications duo to infection. Simple silicosis, v/hon znnifested by uniform nodulation, dees not -produco symptoms or incapacitate for work. "A person with this typo of raactioa nay continue working, but sevore dust exposure should bo avoided and yearly x-ray oxaninations should be nada. Eowerro ir there arc nasslvo areas of ccnglcnerato fibrosis, usually assoclatod with dis crcto adulation, the patient will have dy3pnoa and linitod capacity to wrk. Ec should bo given lighter jobs, not discharged. No person with open tuberculosis should bo allowed to work la silica dust. Persons over forty with well-howled adult tuborculosis can be safely employed where thoro is a silica hazard, provlc neons aro taken to ninisine it, but tho younger the Individual with a similar cc diticn, tho leas-safely can ho be-oxposod to silica dust. A young caployeo witi ailico-tuberculosis should be givon sanatorium treataont. ASHSSaaiS: A ROZOTGDSLOGIC RI7ID; Q? 71 CASES. E.R., Shull. Radiology, 27. 2 73"2j (Septenbor, 1936). -- ___ A stufljp of 71 cases of asbestosls Is presented, with emphasis on roentgenologic appearances. Tho cases wore classified as to tho state of progression of tho --sense, which varied roughly with tho length of exposure. Tuberculosis was *tund in about 12^ of tho cacos, zero froquontly in tho zero advanced typo. T)m tuthor tabulates tea radiographic findings characteristic of asbostosis, end co: dudes that "whila tho rocntgcnogrsn is tho most roliablo diagnostic aid, tha 1: tcrP"ctation and correlation with clinical sigpis and symptoms is ofton difflcul* "ithout tha history of exposure a certain aumbor of slightly advanced-casos will oat be rcco^iined," that "a fair perceatago of tho slightly advanced and modemly advanced eases do tend to ir.provo and tho attendant disabilities to boccma -cssened when removed from esbostes dust," that "asbestosls doos not prodlsposa to tuberculosis" and that frem his observations asbestosls is not a progressiva 4is=0. 0902- to Raoer.t Literature - 4 ^\T.i *- 4-v ^ /T v. - -U` :L >C. 2r'. 1: 'Zr.ylZr * L: ?\j* _** . V.* V w- ^VaL 438-*> . JVS'. ' ^T' r-A^s - * ' Bsuaworicsss of tee wcses **4*4, 1-- 31-5- (--1--9--3--7*). X. Liter. 2t30hr. f, Gewerbehyg, u. 'Jr.fali, Jiiioi* became compensable in Austria on April "l, 1935. Si-C9 than, 205 cssos wva turn reported is tho Tforicien's Compensation Office; of then, 171 are nicer Vena tTtm lignite nines. In tho natal industry, nost cases arc anrug sar.istcr.a grinders and sandblastors. FJLLONARY ASBISrcSIS. 17. TEE AS-ES7CS sCDY AID SHUAR 0SJSCT3 "I TEE LENS. Kenneth.a-#. VLync.h\_ .. H Dw .* eDa ept, tf_sa eP>\-ait_ ho* logy, ilediiicatl C_o4 lwle^ge o--f the eSa .ta_ te of mSout: Carolina, Charleston, S. Carolina. J.A.TT.A. 109, 674-3 (Deo. 11, 1937). Re prints probably obtainable from author. The typical asbestos bSdy (also balled" asbestesrs body) 'is an ob'Jbct 1C to over ICO nicrens/a?.d 1 to' 12 nicrons thiele aaa i's composed' of a central translucent fiber or needle crystal of asbestos with an enveloping shiny golden or brownish gelantinous substance constructing various are.hitectural figures. Scnetir.es it ij headed or clubbed, and eesotires spherical. "A Prussian blus reeeticn for iron is given. These bodies say be found"at various places in tho lung, especially L the bronchioles, the alveoli acd in the tissuos"along the lyr.phatie route; usual ly shorter at a distance from the"alveoli/ but often surprisingly long, consider ir.g the distance they have traveled. They sometimes cause fibrosis around them, but not neoessarily. They are also found in the sputua of those exposed to as bestos dust, but their -roscnco or absence in the sputua does not indicato the presence or absence of .-bestosis; thoir presence only shows that oxpoeure to.th' dust has occurred. Similar bodies have been found in persons exposed to ooal dust, and in others who have died of heart failure, rheumatism and artariosolero- sis, without Jcicwn heavy dust oxposurc. Exposure to asbestos dust dees not al ways produce asbestos bodies; bare fibers havo been found in the lur.gs of aniaal. The author has seen silica particles similarly enveloped, in cases of siliccsis, nee always so highly colored. It is suggested that other fibrous or srystailime. dusts not yet' studiod may form similar bodies. " - ' ,"=^ :>--V j.'ip >,,. *t V.' t)* < h `:vyif "U/'i < . * j . :r-/j 3LCCD EXALTATIONS III FJI/rXAP.r FIEEGSIS OF HZZATITE IRON OSZ NINTHS. J. Craw. Tubercle, 19_, e-18 (October 1937). In rediograpr.ic examinations of hematite miners in TTest Cisberland (England), th hesatitb ac'eumulatior.s show a definite and dense shadow, apart fhoa any aeeompac ing fibrosis, and there is a tendency to diagnoso silicosis when a miner complai. of unfitness, and his pulmonary, symptoms..id the x-ray of the test show generalis nodulation. The silica content of inhaled dust, however,. is low,, end in spite 0 20 to 30 years' worlc and general r.odulatior."in all lung fields, the miners are perfectly fit for work and arc. not short of breath. For these reasons hematolo; leal work wns instituted as an ossential in diagnosis. Routine prooedure inelud ei the fellowing determinations 1 (1) sedimentation rate of tho red cells; (2) cell count; (3) differential ?.hite cell count, and (4) the polynor- Fhonuefefcr^ count of von oonsdorff. The findings in 6 casos are given*, with ca histories. t Of tho 50 hematito miners studied, 20 normal minors had no complaint of broathletsnoes acd no x-ray or physical signs of pulmonary fibrosic, while 30 complained of pulmonary disability in varying degroes, with positive x-ray find ings. --ay minors develop a euro pulmonary sidcrosls without acoempanying fibro sis, and their blood piaturo is normal. Sidero-oilioosis of umocmplicated type shoves a definite increase in percentage of lymphocytes, and the ratio of poly- -trphonuclatr colls to lymphocytes becomes 1 or loss. Tho sodimontnticn rato an nuclear count arc normal. Vfhcr. infection is present, the sodimentaticn rato in creases, tho nuclotr count increases and there is a louoocytosia which say ap proach 0 soptic count. Although the rosults aro preliminary, the nethed is reec r.er.dod for*tiding tho difforontisl diagnosis of sidcroeis without fibrosis end sidoro-silioosin, and far detecting tuberculosis or other infeotive agents at ar. "-riy stage. C^f53 i J. (.SCC 3 to accent torature C `i# i'.y *#,* * * ' !<T - tf'C -4 * 'V S t ' i THE APPLICATION OP DUST-CCNTR.CL PRINCIFLIS TO FCLOZRY CFIRAIICNS. R. 7t. Meigs. Second H. S. Regional`Foundry Conf., liars. Inst. Teed., April e, 1933. The paper presents a discussion of the principal sources of dust in each cf the several psrations of a foundry and outlines practical applications of central in oaeh ease. The subject is considered under S sain handings: (1) noldlng, (3) carmaking, (3) shake-out, (4) sand conditioning and (5) castings cleaning, Many practical suggestions are nade in regard to care, naintennnee and cethods rf operation that will tend to improve existing conaitions. The author has r.Tctdad consideration of the dust concentrations that- nay be encountered and the pathological effects of the dusts. A discussion by Uanfrsd Bo*dlcch and an addi tional paper by W. F. Terry ccsblne to sake tho study an excollent and compre hensive treatnent of the eleaenta of dust control in foundries. : PI* rvV i.lv, RECENT nJST EXHAUST APPARATUS. F. Prackat. Stauh _6, 249-87 (1937). (German). First is a description, with exasplaa end illustrations of tho soat important points of exhaust- apparatus*and the various kinds of dust removal: gravity aya- tens, removal by utilizing-the sass inertia, by centrifugal force, by filters, etc. The author then describes exhaust hoods, partly in agrocaeat with those exprossed in Drinker and Hatch's book, partly also'on the basis of some of his own Investigations of piping installations, ..... TV / l j* . w- * rV - jr iOHE OF THE DUST CONTROL OFFICE IN COOPERATION WITH GERMAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES. A. Laccmert. Staub 365-71 (1937). German insurance carriers, because of silicosis compensation have become sore Interested in dust control. To furnish lacking data and knowledge of the physics end tochnic of dusts a central offico was at up ts do v;hat could not be done individually. The central office set up a laboratory, began consulting individ ual inspectors and industries and investigating all problema bearing on dust control. Host of the interested companies joined. AS2ES702. S. R. Gloyne and E. R. A. Mereviether. Occupation and Health, Supple- sent, 15 pp. International Lacor Office, Genova (1923). Information obtainable from International Labor Offico, 734 Jackson Place, Ylashington, D. C. This is one of several brochures recently issued as a supplement to the 2-volume Encyclopedia on Occupation and Health. It is n treatise on asbestos, including physical properties, chemical composition, uses, extraction, manufacturing pro cess, and oapeeiolly risko to health. The discussion of asbestosls includes Its essential feeturoo, diagnosis, pathological features, distinction frea tubercu losis, preventive measures and compensation. The refarsneos to difficulties in diagnosis and to formation of aabestosis bodies, illustrated by 41 drawings, ore of special Interest. Tho most important single clinical sign of asbestosis la that of diffuse bilateral impairment of the percussion noto, slight in degree and associated with a slight sense cf resistmes. The other important feature is the Mtlographic examination of the chest. The distinguishing features be tween sgsetosis and silicosis in x-ray pictures are listed. It is emphasized that neftfier method alone is conclusive, but that asbeatoslo can be diagnosed nth certainty with tho aid of both, even if symptoms end disablement ara ab sent. In difficult casos where extensive tuberculosis is present, careful in vestigation of the subjects' exposure to asbestos dust will enable the eorroct decision to be reached. The prevontivo noasuros ore baaed largely on the prin ciples of the British Cede of Regulations. Tho views expressed are authoritativr rna vory instructive. 'RETENTION OF ASEZSTCSIS IN INTUSTEY. ?. Prockat. Staub. 5, 133-62 (1937). 'he paper includes a description of asbestos, and of its various forms, Its uses ind methods of preparation for inaustriol purposes. It is shown by many illus- ' orations how dust can bn decreased in certain processos by installation of ex. '-vm systems and practical pi---lag. -rculosie c? intestines ::i t^erculgto antitucciiliigeii. 'MS . A Cor.cn. Am. J. Mod. -Sci. lj, 8>7 (July 1928). Complete autopsies wore mace or. 42 cases of onthracssilicosts plus pulmonary tuberculosis, and on 75 caaea of pulmonary tuberculosis without asthraccsilieo- sis. Of the former, 13% had intestinal tuberculosis and SU of the latter. The incidence of intestinal tuberculosis in each group waapparently higher in the age groups below 30. :yi A STUDY OF ASJEST0SI3 IN THE ASBESTOS TEXTILE INDUSTRY. S.c. Dreessen, J.U. "DallaValle, T,I. Edwards, J.N.Miller, and R.R. Sayers. Pub. Health Bulletin. No. 241,'125 pages (August 11338). Obtainable for 20~ cents, cash, iron Superin tendent of.Documents, Narhihgtcn, D, C, This is a report of a complete 6urvcy of tho asbestos tortile industry* ir. North . . Carolina made-in conjunction with the State Health Department. Tho report is ' comprehensive in its beverage .of the subject and includes a good annotated bibliography .of 65 .referencesTto asbestosis. It describes the industry, the processes in the manufacture, numbers eaployed in each process, dust counts cade at various Idca'ticns and `incidences of asbestocis among the various employ ees. The incidence of the disease among the workers increased rapidly with in creased dust exposure, and it was found that one-fifth of the workers with an exposure of 50 to 99 million particle-years and half the workers having an ex posure of. over 100 million particle-years had asbestosis. The threshold limit for exposure has beer, sot tentatively at 5 million particles per cubic foot and it was found possible v methods already at hand to obtain this concentration in all processes. The medical part of the report is complete with physical ex amination data, laboratory findings, x-ray pictures and case histories. 305 INVESTIGATION CN CONTROLLING PNZ'JXNIA BY IiHUNIZATICN 0? TOHXEHS IN THOMAS SLAG KILLS. K. Gunnel & S. Homann. Dtsche. med. Nchnschr. 64, 917-21 (1938). i/ti (German). In an earlier paper, cur Abstract No. 8, 1937, the authors had shown that .1 ` pneumonia in--Thomas slag .mill workers was caused exclusively by pncumccscci i types I, II, III, but chiefly by type II. Since that time they have begun im . .*, munisation in a plant where pneisonia had occurred. A Behring-lTerke serum was ..t used cn 79 men in the mill, the remaining 49 refused it. No serious results -'.1 followed its use. The serum was givon in July and since then no pneumonia has appeared in the plant. Though it has not proved itself conclusively, in Feb ruary, 1938, pneumococci of the above types could be found but very seldom, and V< . less frequently than in another mill. The authors conclude that the results `O call for further' work with the serua. 506 HELICAL-AND LEGAL'ASPECTS 0? TUBERCULOSIS AS All OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE AND AS AN ACCIDENTAL INJURY. Mary C. Mack. National Tuberculosis Assoc. Social Research Scriat No.'6 (June-1923). Obtainable frsm the Association, 50 Host 50th Street, ...v Now York, for 31.00 postpaid. * :/) Generally speaking, tuberculosis is not recognized as an occupational diaeaso, but thero is a growing expcrienco in the courts with reference to suits and claims for compensation because of tuberculosis contracted in ordinary course cf industrial employment. The purpose of this bulletin is not to be an ex-- haustive summary of all cases, but rather to present representative decisions with discussions of various problems involved. Included is a review of medical opinions on the status of tuborculosis as an occupational disease and as an accidental injury'; abstracts of court decisions on each of the two latter phases : \ and a digest cf the worlcr.cn's compensation laws, by states, cs thoy effect occu pational diseases.