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I 00016924 /iff 5 PACE 27 PVC 0033-0419 C8AC COPYRIGHT! CHEM ABS visualization of superficial structural with conventional gbpid scanners Is di^icult. solid flexible PVC (9002 gelatin si us as a stand-off material can provide t. scan distance! thus overcome the problem of poor near resoln. PVC gel expands the capability of \HHz transducer to te superficial structures. ed values for op Moi are displayed by least sq. fitTines at 0, degree.. '''At "OO.degr' M. it attenuates .apprx.2.0 dB/em at 1 mHz. The velocity at 20.degree, is 1440 m/s for PVC gelatin. 9002-86-2 8411 -- ----- - --- --------------- 1 TOXBXB/B2/10O697 Chan OY I Tan KT i Kwok SF ; Chlo IF Industrial Health Division. Ministry of Labour. Study on workers exposed to cadmium In alkaline storage battery manufacturing and PVC compounding. Ann Acad Med Singapore*. VOL 11. ISS 1. 1982. P122-9 Eng AAMSC 0304-4602 The extent of cadmium exposure was studied In a cadmium-nickel battery factory and 8 PVC factories using cadmium stabilisers In the compounding of PVC. A total of 101 cadmium-exposed workers and 21 control subjects matched by sex. age. ethnic group and smoking history was investigated. Blood and urine cadmium levels were considerably elevated in the battery workers but were not raised in the PVC workers. These findings were consistent with the results of cadmium-in-air assessments. Among the female battery workers, urine cadmium excretion increased significantly with employment time. There was good correlation between blood and urine cadmium levels among the female subjects. A significant association between blood cadmium levels and prevalence of chest pain was also noted among the females. No low molecular weight proteinuria was detected, but two female battery workers had slight albuminuria and one male PVC worker had glucosurla but had abnormal GTT results. TOXBIB ! Air Pollutants aANALYSIS Air Pollutants. Occupational eANALYSIS Cadmium Poisoning OCCURRENCE ; Cadmium BLOOD/METABOLX5H/URINE Female i Human i Male ; Occupational Diseases OCCURRENCE Polyvinyl Chloride l Singapore 7440-43-9; 9002-86-2 8207 044709 I 0D016999 PVC PAGE 97 CXS/83/00732 130 Gtusscz N Chronic vinyl chloride poiconing in worker* engaged In the production of polyvinyl chloride u*ing the auspension method 11967-1977) Studio i notoriety monografiezne 19^2, No. 3, p.61-102. lllu*. 92 ref. JOURNAL ARTICLE Pol Literoture eurvey it followed W1 the retultt of a 10-year atudy of 330 worker* at risk in relidh polymerisation plant*: description of the conditiorW'of exposure) composition of the population studied) scop* otVht study and method* used (medical examinations! radiographic* oX extremitits, ECG, laboratory tests); discussion of results rclinieal picture, morbidity! prognosis); conclusion* (there p* a relation between the degree of acroosteolysis and of pseudosclarotic changes combined with Raynaud's phenomenon on the one hand^and the degree of liver damage on the other). VXNfL CHLORIDE S CHRONIC POISONING i PLASTICS INDUSTRY SUSPENSION POLYilERISATION *, LITERATURE SURVEY OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY ; POUND i MORBIDITY t ACROOSTEOLYSIS LONG-TERM STUDY ; HEPATIC DAMAGE ; ILO 75-01-9 t 9002-66-2 6911 ______________________________________ SI - TOXBIB/69/210916 AU - Canning AE ; Brunk U ; Dallner 6 AD - Department of Biochemistry! Arrhenius Laboratory! University of Stockholm! Sweden. TI - Phthalate esters and their effect on the liver, SO - Hepatology; VOL 9. ISS 3, 1989. P591-7 (REF: 35) U - Eng CD - 6BZ IS - 0270-9139 AB - The advantageous properties of polyvinyl chloride plastics make these materials indispensable at all levels of human lifei and there is no reason to believe that the upward trend Of their use will change. One third of most polyvinyl chloride plastics consists of plasticizer*! mostly phthalate estersi which may migrate out contaminating our environment and consequently our bodies. Experimental results indicate that chronic exposure to phthalic esters may be responsible for a number of adverse health effects. Phthalate* change the structure and function of the liver in a profound manner by inducing peroxisome*! mitochondria and enzymes which participate in fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation. Prolonged administration of phthalate esters! in doses comparable to those occurring in human exposure*! seems to have an accumulative effect on the liver. Liver biopsies taken from dialysis patients show peroxisome proliferation which again warn of the possibility that human health may be influenced by uee 044710 00016945 PVC PAGE 46 plasticizers. KH TOXBXB t Equipment end Supplies KH Fatty Acid Desatureses METABOLISM ! Hemodialysis i Human KM Intestines METABOLISM *, Kidney METABOLISM ; Lipids METABOLISM KM Liver *DRUG EFFECTS/METABOLISM/ULTRASTRUCTURE i Lung METABOLISM KM Microscopy, Electron > Phthalic Acids TOXICITY KM Plasticizers eTOXICITY ; Polyvinyl Chloride TOXICITY KM Proteins METABOLISM ; Review > Support, Non-U.$. Gov't KH Time Factors > Tissue Distribution RN 84-75-3; 9002-84-2 EM 8408 97 SI - CIS/82/01757 CC - 230 AU - Goldfarb AS ; Goldgraben GR ; Merrick EC i Ouellette RP AU - Cheremisinoff PM TI - Orgonic chemicals manufacturing hazards SO - The Butteruorth Group, Borough Green, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN15 8PM, United Kingdom,1981. 430p. Illus. Bibl. PT - MONOGRAPH LA - Eng AB - This bookprovidesindustry background information, descriptions of manufacturing processes, an identification of substances present in the process ktreams and a>4iscussion of the flammability and toxicity hazards associated with those substances and the processes. It n intended for use by chemical manufacturers, engineers qnd consultants, industrial chemists. Industrial hygienists, environmentalists and pollution control engineers. Sections cover: beetle acid by methanol carbonylatlon; acetaldehyde by 1iquid-phase/ithylane oxidation; esterification process for acrylic acid eyrens production; condensation process for DL-methionine production; Tatraalkyl lead by lead alkylation; oxychlorination and pyro^tysls processes for vinyl chloride production; polymerisat/on processes for polyvinyl chloride; chlorophenols by chlorAtion of pheirol; vinyl acetate by hydroacetylation. / \ KM - CHEMICAL PRODUCTS *, -CHEMICAL INDUSTRY ; HAZARD EVALUATION KH - TOTAL LOSS CONTROL ; MANUALS 1 ACRYLATES ; CHLOROPHENOLS KH - CHEMICAL PROCESSES ; ILO \ RN - 514-10-3 ; 75-07-0 ; 79-10-7 ; 7005-18-V i 75-01-4 ; 9002-86-2 RN - 108-05-4 ; 78-00-2 EM - 8411 98 SI - CIS/84/00326 CC - 070 / AU - Gonz'alez Fern`andez A / TI - Study of membrane filtbrs suitable/for use in the tV>E dust sampler SO - Medicine y seguridad de\ trabajo /Jan.-Mar. 1982, Vol.30, No.117, p.12-16. Ulus. 11 ref.A / PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE \/ LA - Spa \ AB - In the framework of studies\on dust collecting equipment to be approved for use in mines b>/\the General Directorate of Mines in ucc 044711 000X7063 PVC PAGE 13 MH - Russian 3.F.S.R. l Vinyl Chlor1de/*adverse affects MH - Vinyl Compounds/adverse affects 0A - 630611 OP - 1963 Apr* IS - 0016-9919 v s\ \/ TA - Gig Tr Prof Zabol \/ UI - 63235699 PG - 30-2 V/ A ZM - Zl.252.878 ; Z1.592.296.959 ;Yl.950 EA - A /\ !P - 9 /\ TT - 0 raspros tranennos f 1 zl'okaehes tveryiykh novoobrazoverml *1 trad I raboehikh, zanlatykh v protzvodstvdkh vlnilkhlorida 1 polfvinilkhlorida. JC - FQ9 RN - 75-01-9 (Vinyl Chloride) ; 9002-66-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride) EH - 6310 SO - Gig Tr Prof Zabol 1983 Apr;(9):30-2 31 AU TI LA tw m )t( MH DA DP IS .TA Aui /* PG SB ZN RF VI JC AA RN Eli AD SO - Flshbein L - Toxicity of the components of poly(vlnylchlorlde) polymers additives. - Eng - Animal i Chemical Industry ; Flame Retardants/toxleity - Free Padie*l ! Heat i Human ; nice ; Plasticizers/toxlcfty - Plastlcs/etoxicity i ePolyvinyl Chloride S aPolyvinyls { Rats - Review 690530 - 1989 - 0361-7792 - Prog Clin Biol Res - 89199192 - 113-36 -M - Zl. 107.567.875 - 120 - 191 - PZ5 - Author - 9002-66-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride) - 6906 - The salient features of the toxicity of a number of additives used in polyvinyl chloride polymers were reviewed with primary emphasis on the toxicity of plasticizers (e.g.i dlethylhexyl phthalate and Its metabolltesi butylbenzylphthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate)t heat stabilizers ta.g.( organotin and lead stabllizers )> blowing agents (e.g.t azod1carbonamidc)r free-radical Initiators (e.g.t benzoylperoxidet lauroyl peroxidet ter.butylhydroperoxide and dl-tert.butylperoxidei and flame retardants (e.g.t decabromodlphenyl oxide). The paucity of toxicity data on the vast majority of PVC additives should be stressed. - Prog Clin Biol Res 1969;i91 .'113-36 00017064 PVC PAGE 24 32 AU Fitch CM t Korones SB TI Heat shield reduces water loss. LA Eng MH Body Temperature . Heating i Human i Incubators., Infant i Infant MH Infant. Newborn ; einfant. Premature i Polyvinyl Chloride MH Hater Loss. Insensible DA 641105 OP 1964 Sep IS 0003-9886 TA Arch Dis Child UI 85021537 PG 686-8 SB A i H ZN 21.542.363.300 IP 9 VI 59 JC 6XG AA Author RN 9002-66-2 (Polyvinyl, EM 6501 AB A heat shield coudred by polyvinyl chloride film greatly reduced insensible water loss and radiant energy requfrements in 12 preterm Infants on a radiant cradle. Measured transmittance of radiant energy emitted by the radiant heater was impeded minimally by various thin film plasties but was blocked significantly by Perspex. SO - Arch Pis Child 1984 Sepi59(9l:866-B 33 AU TI LA MH MH MH ttf MH MH DA \ DP IS ^TA * UI \' PG SB ZN IP -A RF VI JC AA RN Banning AE ! Brunk U Dallner G Phthalate esters and their effect on the liver. Eng Equipment and Supplies . Fatty Aeid Desaturases/metabolism Hemodialysis > Human ; Intestines/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism Lipids/metabolism ; Liver/"drug effects/mctabolism/ultrastructure Lung/metabolfsm ; Microscopy. Electron ; Phthalie Acids/toxicity Plast(eiiers/toxic1ty . polyvinyl Chloride/toxicity Proteins/metabolism ; Review ; Support. Non-U.S. Gov't Time Factors ; Tissue Distribution 640713 1984 Mav-Jun 0270-9139 Hepatology 64210416 541-7 M 21.107.567.675 3 35 4 GB2 Author EC 1.14.99.- (Fatty Acid Desaturasas ) V I 00017065 PVC PACE 25 RN - EC 1.3.99,3 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) RN - 06-75-3 (dl-n-hexyl phthalate) ; 9002-06-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride) EM - 0609 AB - The advantageous propert1*1 of polyvinyl chloride plastic* make these materials Indispensable at all levels of human lifei and there Is no reason to believe that the upward trend of their us* will change. On* third of most polyvinyl chloride plastics consists of plasticizers! mostly phthalate asters, which may migrate out contaminating our environment and consequently our bodies. Experimental results indicate that chronic exposure to phtholic esters may be responsible for a number of adverse health effects. Phthalate* change the structure and function of the liver In a profound manner by inducing peroxisomes, mitochondria and enzymes which participate In fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation. Prolonged administration of phthalate esters. In doses comparable to those occurring in human exposures, seem* to have an accumulative effect on the liver. Liver biopsies taken from dialysis patients show peroxisome proliferation which again warn of the possibility that human health may be influenced by plasticizers. SO - Hepatology 1986 Kay-Jun{6(3)!561-7 36 All - Sard a 15 ; Shimizu RY i Brewer TC i Bruckner DA TI - Evaluation of tntestinal parasite morphology in polyvinyl alcohol preservedv*s comparison of copper sulfate and mercuric chloride bases for use In Schaudirm fixative. / LA - Eng \ / MH - Comparative Study i Copper/apharmacodynamics A Evaluation Studies HH - Fcccs/mierobtology ;\F1xat1ves/tpharmecodynamics l Human MH - Mercury/apharmacodynaVics i Polyvinyl Alcohol/apharmacodynamies MH - apreservation, Biological l Protozoa/*druy effects DA - 630909 \/ DP - 1963 Jun \/ IS - 0095-1137 \/ TA - J Clin Microbiol \ ./ UI - 63266091 \/ PS - 1092-5 \/ SB - M \/ 2N - 21.107.567.675 \/ IP - 6 Y VI - 17 /\ JC - H5H /\ AA - Author /\ RM - 0 (Schaudinn's fixative) A 7639-97-6 (Mercury) RN - 7660-50-6 (Copper) ; 7667-96-7 Cmbrcuric chloride) RN - 7758-96-7 (copper sulfate) { 9002A69-5 (Polyvinyl Alcohol) EM - 6311 /\ AB - As a result of disposal problems Inherent In the us* of mercury compounds, many laboratories have considered using copper sulfete os a substitute for mercuric chloride' in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) preservedva. The primary use for PVA-preserved specimens is the permanent stained smear, the most important technique for the identification of Intestinal protozoa. A comparison of organism I 00016946 PVC PACE 49 Spain* 6 typas of membrane filter* auited to the Hine* Research Establishment (MRE) dust collector were investigated (cellulose nitrate* glass fibre* PVC* polyamide* gelatin* alginate). Aspects discussed are the effects of humidity* the possibility of dust analysis on the membrane Itself* and resistance to airflow. In all these studies* membranes of polyvinyl chloride or glass fibre gave the best results. KM - MEMBRANE FILTERS ; RESPIRABLE OUST ; MINING INDUSTRY KM - FILTRATION SAMPLING i OUST MEASUREMENT ; SPAIN ; COMPARATIVE STUDY KM - INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY DUST ANALYSIS ; ILO EM - 6411 99 St - CIS/64/00441 CC - 120 AU - Grosso P ! Mason PL *> Ccmeron MM * Sherrett M TI - Tissue reaction to the intropleural injection of polyvinyl chloride powder* o-quartz and titanium dioxide SO - Annals of Occupational Hygiene 1963* Vol.27* No.4* p.415-425. Ulus. 23 ref. PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE LA - Eng AB - Intrapleural injections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder* v-quortz (Known to be highly flbrogenic) and titanium dioxide (Known to be biologically inert) were administered to rats. Reaction to PVC powder was very similar to the reaction to titanium dioxide/macrophage accumulation with very little fibrosis. Reaction to -quartz was* as expected* strong - consisting of the development of fibrous tissue. The conclusion is that PVC powder inhalation would not lead to silieoafs-lIK* diseases. KM - POLYVINYL CHLORIDE l RESPIRABLE DUST i F1BR0GENIC EFFECTS KM - ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS i LUNG COMPARATIVE STUDY KM - CONNECTIVE TISSUE DEVELOPMENT ; ILO RN - 9002-86-2 J 7631-66-9 J 13463-67-7 EM -6411 -- 0/V& A-t'iicce- 100 SI - HEEP/64/09353 AU - GRASSO P t MASON PL > CAMERON MM ; SHARRATT M AD - Group Occup. Health Cent.* British Petroleum Co. PLC* Chertsey Road* Sunbury-on-Thames> Middlesex TW16 7LN* U.K. TI - Tissue reaction to the intrapleural Injection of polyvinyl chloride powder* alpha-quartz and titanium dioxide. SO - Ait) OCCUP HYG) 27 14). 1963 IRECD. 1964). 415-426. LA - ENG CD - AOHYA AB - HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A comparative study was conducted to assess the potency of 3 Industrial dusts* PVC (polyvinyl chloride )> alpha-quartz and Ti02> in producing fibrosis at the site of deposition when administered to rats by the intrapleural and 1,p. routes. PVC and Tt02 produced little reaction; this consisted mainly of macrophage accumulation with little fibrosis which reached a peak 1 wk after treatment and showed no evidence of further progress. alpha-Ouartz produced a severe reaction I 00017296 PAGE 104 VC 214 SI AU V TQXBIB/64/110648 Pa*torino U > Barrino F l Gervasio A Paiantf V ! Rlboll E Crostgnani P OCD Departwant of National Canctr Institute! Milan, Italy. Proportion of lung cancer* due to occupational exposure. Int J Cancer; VOL 33, ISS 2, 1984, P231-7 Eng IJCNA 0020-7136 The proportion* of male lung cancer* due to occupational exposure and, respectively, to cigarette smoking In a highly industrialized area of Northern Italy were estimated In a population-based case-control study in 1976-9. Two hundred and four out of the 211 lung cancer cases and 351 controls sampled from the source population were questioned about their occupational and smoking histories. On the basis of the occupational history each subject was classified as probably exposed tel, possibly exposed (?), or unexposed (-1 to one or more of the chemicals known to be carcinogenic for the human lung, namely asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel and chromium compounds, BCME, CMME and vinyl chloride. Upon stratification by cigarette smoking, contrasting the occupationally exposed subjects, whether certainly or uncertainly defined, with the unexposed ones, the RR for lung cancer was 2.1 and the occupational etiologic fraction was 0.33 (95X confidence interval 0.19-0.471. The tobacco etiologic fraction was 0.61, while the two exposures together accounted for 89X of the total burden of Incident cases. If 33X of all male lung cancers uere of occupational aetiology, then this alone would represent 5*/. of all cancer deaths. TOXBIB ; Aged ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ! Female ; Human Italy ; Lung Neoplasms ETIOLOGY/*OCCURRENCE t Male ', Middle Age Occupational Diseases ETIOLOGY/eQCCURRENCE i Smoking ; Statistics Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution 8404 215 SI CC SO CIS/84/00838 130 Penrn JH Teratogens and the male - An analysis with special reference to herbicide exposure Medical Journal of Atjstralla/A9 July 1983, Vol.2, No.l, p.16-20. 44 ref. JOURNAL ARTICLE Eng There are 3 mechanism* iWuhleh exposure of the male to toxic substances may cause poon\reproductiv* performance or congenital malformations in hi* offspring: a direct effect on pituitary-hypothalamic fumenion or male sex hormones; a direct effect on the sperm itself, abciormalitles in seminal fluid with secondary abnormalities due to dissolved toxins. Experimental studies with 7 drugs and 5 groups of toxic chemicals are I 00017005 PVC PAGE 108 Independent risk factor contributing to IHD development. RN - 9002-66-2 EH - 8307 _______________ _______________ _______________________ 209 SI - CIS/81/01410 - CC - 130 AU - Richard* RJ ; Rot* FA i T*tl*y TO > Cobb LH S Hardy CJ II - Effects In th* rat of Inhaling PVC dust at th nultanc* dust l*v*l 11Omg/m 13}). SO - Archives of Environmental Health Jan.-Feb. 1981, Vol.36, Ho.It p.14-19. Illut. 13 ref. PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE LA - Eng AB - A small number of scattered lung lesions were detected in rats after 15 weeks exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust at a concentration of 10mg/m(3) for 6h/day and 5 days/week. Th* lesions remained 15 weeks after exposure to PVC dust had ceased. Few biochemical changes were detected at the alveolar surface in lung tissue or in other organs in PVC-cxposed rats. At th* nuisance dust level PVC exhibits only weak biological activity. KM - POLYVINYL CHLORIDE i BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ; BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE LUNG KM - RESPIRABLE OUST ; PLASTICS INDUSTRY i ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS KM - BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS ; ILO RH - 9002-88-2 EH - 8411 210 SI - NTIS/PB64-182047 AU - Roberts DR AO - National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Div. of Survei1lance* Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies. TI - NIOSH-EPA (National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health/Environmental Protection Agency) Interagency Agreement for the Assessment of Human Health Effects from Exposure to Di-2-(Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (Summary Report )> SO - Govt Reports Announcements A Index (GRAAI), Issue 15> 1984 00 - NTIS/PB84-1S2047> 17p PR - NTIS Prices*. PC A02/MF A01 AB - TD3: A suitable worker population was sought to conduct a retrospective cohort mortality study for occupational exposure to di-2-(*thylh*xyl)phthalate (117817) (DEHP). Companies were contacted regarding annual DEHP consumption or production, types of processes for which DEHP was used, the size of the potentially exposed workforce, and the length of time DEHP had been used. The Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) stated that the major use of DEHP was as a plasticizer in polyvinyl-chloride (9002862) (PVC) products. The highest potential source of worker exposures was during the formulating and compounding of the plastic resin. Survey* were then conducted of a plastics manufacturer, a PVC plastic sheet processing facility, and two aerosol filter testing facilities. Field monitoring was conducted of worker exposures to DEHP. The authors conclude that the populations exposed to DEHP were too small and not employed long enough to offer a suitable study cohort. Field monitoring showed worker exposures of less I 00017015 PVC PAGE 110 227 SI TOXBIB/83/200908 AU Smith TJ ! Cafaralla JJ Chalton C AD Dapartmant of Envlronmantal Sc Health, Bottom, MA. y * ard School of Public 71 - Evaluation of emission! from si commercial meat wrapping operations using PVC wrap. SO - Am Ind Hyg Assoc Ji VOL 49, ISS U - Eng P176-83 CD - AIHAA IS - 0002-0094 KM - TOXBIB i Aerosols 1 Air BdUutants TOXICITY KM - Air Pollutants, Occupational eTOXICITY I Heat > Human KM - Meat-Peeking Indu*tp< ; Polyvinyl Chloride *T0XICITY KM - Polyvinyls eYOXICllY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KM - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 9002-06-2 EM - TOXBIB/04/07S050 Souter CA ; Gould S Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh. Clinical studies of workers exposed to polyvinylchloride dust. Thorax; VOL 30, ISS 11, 1903, P034-9 Eng TH0RA 0040-6376 A previous study showed that exposure of workers to polyvinylchloride (PVC) dust was associated with the presence of small rounded opacities in the chest radiograph, and also with a small average reduction of the forced expiratory volume in one seeond (FEV1). Studies have now been carried out on selected men to determine the clinical importance of the presence of small rounded opacities and also to Identify any clinical or physiological features associated with PVC dust exposure. Among 28 men with small rounded opacities, complaints of persistent bronchial mucous hypersecretion were more common (nine men) than emont 29 man of similar age, smoking habits, and dust exposures (one man, p less than 0.01), and there was a suggestion that the physical sign of late inspiratory crackles was more freguent among men with opacities (seven of 27 men) than the other men (two of 28 men, p lets than 0.05). The average lung function of men with opacities was only trivially lower than that of the comparative group and the difference between the groups was not significant. In further studies 13 non-smokers with the highest PVC dust exposure and lowest FEV1 (adjusted for age, height, weight, and dust exposure) were examined. None had an observed FEV1 less than SOX of the predicted value for age and height, and these men did not differ in symptoms, signs, or lung function from non-smokers with low dust exposure and similarly low FEV1. In a similar study of 18 smokers with the highest PVC dust exposures and lowest adjusted FEV1, some men had an observed FEV1 well below SOX of predicted values for non-smokers, but with one 044 o I 00017035 PVC PAGE 130 are small part tel* powders containing vary llttla free monomer. Bulk PVC resins ara similar to suspension PVC resins. though tha part Idas tand to btf* mora porous. Solution/PVC rosins dM smaller in partlela fJ ze than suspansion PVc\ii th/nigh porosi ty part Idas containing essbnYially no fraa monome^^ne variaty of PVfkrasIn products doas ndfc land Itsalf to broadygenerallzatIons coiybrnlng health hazards/ih studying oeeupatlodaKhazards tha part/curpr PVC process and thV product must be donsfdered and Identified rn tha study. / /\ / KH - TOXBIB ; Chemical Ind04ry * ; Humdh t Partide Size / KM - Polyvinyl Chloride ADVERSE EFFECTS f Polyvinyls aADVERSE EFFECTS KH - Risk ; Vinyl Chloride ADVERSE EFFECTS / RN - 75-01-4; 9002-86-2 ' EH - 8206 __________ 7 269 SI - T0XBIB/85/062087 AU - Wilkinson RR AD - Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City. Missouri. TI - Technoeconomic and environmental assessment of Industrial orgonotin compounds. $0 - Neurotoxicology (Park Forest ID; VOL 5. ISS 2. 1984. P141-58 LA - Eng CD - NRTXD IS - 0161-813X AB - Currant uses of organotlns Include haat stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). catalysts for polyurethane foam and silicone rubber, biocides, and animal health products. Domestic production consumption in 1982 is about 28 million pounds, and overall growth is estimated at 7 percent per year, ftiysieal properties of organotins. including solubility In water, octanol-water partition coefficients, and Freundllch adsorption Isotherm constants, are not well characterized. Analytical methods for tin in environmental and biological matrices involve concentration, separation, and identification by chromatography, spectrometry, and spectroscopy. Environmental fate and effects of organotins are not well understood. Degradation reactions may yield a complex set of products, including inorganic tin oxide. The effects of exposure of workers and release of organotins to the environment at point sources have been documented. Nonpoint sources of environmental exposure include discard and sanitary landfill disposal of plastics and direct release of biocides to aquatic or marine environments. Other dissipative uses of organotins which pose potential human risk include PVC food wrapping and bottles and rigid potable water pipe. The long term health effects of low level exposure to organotins are not known. Toxic metal cycling in the environment, including biomethylation Of inorganic tin by naturally occurring bacteria. Is of rising concern. KH - TOXBIB ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, Gas ; Economics KH - Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollution ; Human KH - Kinetics ; Occupational Diseases CHEMICALLY INDUCED KH - Organotin Compounds /ANALYSIS/POIS0NING i Refuse Disposal KM - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. *