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AR226- 1267 FLUORINATED SURFACTANTS AND REPELLENTS Gig Second Edition Revised and Expanded i Morseman ive. Yowtonco dime. | : | 1994, | mo =hheetpliwwrwdekfkeer.codmicots on sk heres uk ies Forme i! 10 i i Contents PRPREEFFAACCEE TTOO TTHHEE FSIERCSOTNEDDIETDIIOTNION ivi PARTA. FLUORINATED SURFACTANTS 1. STROFFULUOC RINAT TED U SURFR ACTAE NTS LI Inwoduction 1 12 SHtyrdurctouprhaolbFee.aturesofFluorinated Surfactants. The 13 Anionic FluorinatedSurfactants 1 3 1154 CAatmipohnoicerScurfSaucratnatcsans 16. NonionicSurfsctans 37 5 1187 19 PFSolilulyoircmioennr-aiCtcoeFndltSuauoirrnfiincnagttFaelndusSourWriifntaahctoteuadntSHtusyrfdarctoapnhtsile 01 1s References 21s 2 SYNTHESIS 2220 SBtlaerciunogchMeamtiecrailalFsuorinaion 2 2243 OTellomiergizoaiomneofrTeirazflvaortocithyolenne 33 w vi i" wii Contents 25 2276 CAManitisioconeniliclcaSFnuleruofouarscitnRaaentatecsdtiSounrfsactants a a 2289 NAomnpihoonticeiScurSfuarcftaacnttasnts 5306 References ot 0 3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 31 Chemical Properies 50 3323 BMoeilliiinnggPPooiinnttss %50 3345 RDeefnrsaicttyive Index 99%% References 110010 4 SLIUQRUFIADC-EVTAEPNOSRIAONND LIQUID-LIQUID BOUNDARIES, 41 42 ATdhseoorrpytioofnSuatrfLaicqeuTiedn-sViaopnor Boundary 103 103 4443 SKiunreftaiccesoTefnAsdisoonrpintiWoante. Surfactant Structure 112048 4465 47 LSSiuuqrruffiaaccdee-LTTieeqnnussiiidoonnInitinnerAOfrcagcieadnsiacnLdiAqlukiadlsi 113393 tas 48 49 FEomualmssions 116505 : References 116696 5. SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE 51 Adsorption from Solution 17s 52 ReAfdesroerpntcieosnofMixed Surfactants 11970s 6. FLUORINATED SURFACTANTS IN SOLUTION 19 198 61 62 MSiocleulilleiFyormation 198 63 64 CKlaouad PPooiinntt 0210 65 66 CTrhietircmaol dMyincaelmliecsCoonfceMnitcrealtliizoantion 7 20 28 Ee | 12 x Contents 10 TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 10. Toxicology ast 110032 10:4 FPEhinywvsoiirrooolcnohgmeyem:nitcaSaollrpAtEsimpouenl,cstisMoentsabfoolriBsimo,meadnidcEaxlcrOextyigoenn 5as6i 461 105 ReTDfrreaurngesnpDcoeerlsti.very and Other Pharmaceutical Applications 67 49g a8 PARTB. FLUORINATED REPELLENTS AND SOIL RETARDANTS 11. THEORY OF REPELLENCY a0 111 12 WDeeftiinintgions 04 11:413 ILS CTohnetaEcqtuiAlnigblreisuminCoRnetaalctSyAsntgelmes Crea Surface Tension and Surface Energy 04085 4% 111176 KRienpeetlilcesncoyfoWfeFtatbirnigcs 5s0ol6 References 551130 12. FLUORINATED REPELLENTS si6 112.212 SRielpieclolneensts(PwoiltyhsiHlyodxranoccsa)rbon Hydrophobes 123 Fluorochemical Repellens si 525 112254 RReeppeelllleenntcyFiTneissthsing with Fluoropolymers S54310 126 ReFfeureences 543 ssi 551 13. FLUORINATED SOIL RETARDANTS 557 31 132 SSooiillsing Mechanisms 557 113343 135 FTlhueoorriynoafteSdoSloilReRteatradradtainotns Soil Resistance Tests 65508 S65 136 ReFfleuroreinncateesd Soil-Release Agents 5S68 ES | 1% Contents 6687 ASsosluobciilaitziaotniownith Cyclodextrins References 7. STRUCTUROEF MICELLES AND MESOPHASES 71 72 TShueocrry eforofMiMixceedllMeisceles 7743 75 MSuersfoapchtaanstesMiaxntdurLeisquid Crystals Hybrid Surfactants References 8. APPLICATIONS 8.1 8832 SPeelrefcotrimoannocfeFClhuaorraicntaetreidstSiucrsfaocftFalnutosrinated Surfactants Specific Applications References 9. ANALYSIS OF FLUORINATED SURFACTANTS 9-1 SurDeftaecrtmainntastion and Characterization of Fluorinated 92 9943 EVloelmuemnettarlicAnMaeltyhsoidss Chromatography andlon-Pai Spectroscopy 9965 MUlatsrsavSiopleecttraonmdeItnrfyrared Spectroscopy 97 98 ENluecclteraorn MSapginneRteisconRaenscoen.ance 9.9190 9.11 SCmhaelmli-cAanlgRleelSacxaatttieorninMgeMtehtohdosds Light Scarring. 99..1132 LXu-mRianyesPhcoetnoceelePcrtorboinngSpMeecttrhoosdcsopy 9.14 9.15 EUlleacftirloecaheimoincal Methods 99.1176 9.18 FFSlluuuroofrraiicnneaattTeeeddnsSSiuuorrnffaaccttaannttss iinn tBhieolEongviicarlonSmyesnttems References ix 22660 269 m m 22898 33400 32 349 ~~ 349. 33520 3 EY 0 330930 304 39 039s9 1009 aar3s 441196 r4i2 ar 3a6 a tH Contents. x 14. STAIN-RESISTANT CARPETS 82 141 142 CSaorilpientgFainbderSstaining. 5s2i 114443 SCoifnfese Sains on Nylon SS8874 145 146 STuhieno-rRieessifsotr ASgaeinntsResistance 05829 147 RSetfeariennRceessi.stance Tests 05028 INDEX wr