Document 1gLk1Grr0kMbb8qE4n70XVnxj

Easiiv Worked Sheet Lead v Ideal For Ornamental Roofs LEAD is an ideal material for small orn^nenta) roofs on such details as bav windows, doors, cupolas ami the like which add distinction to al most any type of home. It is easily worked and installed, is long lasting, blends beautifully in color with almost anv other building materials that may .J close-up u! the complete cupola with lead root. The pleasing gray patina oi trie leap Will blend with any color scheme. be used with it, has a beautiful dark to silvery gray color of its own de pending upon the kind of exposure, and will not itself stain or stain adja cent materials. The little cupolas shown here is an excellent case in point. It is on a one- car detached garage at a small home in a New York City suburb in West chester County. Cupolas of this type may either be built specifically for the particular job. may be purchased to form a pagoda roof, as in this case, in knocked-down condition and as or may have a straight slope. It is a sembled. or may be bought completely little easier to apply the metal to the pre-fabricated with only the metal latter but the former has a little more roof to install. The size varies with distinctive character for many instal the structure which it is to surmount, lations. in this case 18 in. square at the base. In this instance, the cupola roof 21 in. square at the roof line, and was a framework of wood to which 33 in. high, which is about right for fiber board was applied to the desired a one-car garase. The roof of the shape. The lead was cut from a paper cupola itself may be slightly dished pattern, allowing 34 in. at each of the sides to turn back for a lock and enough extra at the bottom to turn under the-overhang. The pieces for the four sides were nailed in plare at the top. Then the upstands were turned back and a lead cap clipped over the flanges thus formed, sliding it up from the bottom. This method was used to add the interest of corner seams. The wood block at the top was also covered with sheet lead bv fold- Cupola ready for positioning the Last side ot the root shown on bench. \ ore upstands ai sides /or Locks and joid along Lower edge to turn under overhang. Root sheers are m place uith side edge- turned hack ana folded cap being slid into place to cover corners. The cap to cover the top mat be seen on the bench. LIA2608A The lead-roofed cupola blends beautifully with the surroundings of this suburban Veu York City home. ing the corners. This covers the nails that hold the roof sheets. Actually on lead roofs this size, no special provisions need be made for expansion and contraction, allowing the installer the choice of several methods for applving the lead. When dimensions exceed 4 to 6 ft., lead should be fastened with cleats instead of nails, and loose-locks used between sheets to provide for freedom of move ment resulting frqg| expansion and contraction. For small roofs of this tvpe. 2Vo- or 3-lb. antimonial lead sheet or 3- or 4-lb. soft lead sheet mav be used. For larger roofs. 3-lb. anti monial lead is recommended. Birchwood Park Homes Use 6,600 Lead Water Closet Connections ANOTHER major residential onefamilv house development on tainlv a major convenience for the families w-ho will live in these modern I Long Island. N. Y.. is now undheorwmaeys is that all will have at least facilitate the setting of water closets because of their ease of handling and their flexibility. These qualities per ] in Birchwood Park. Jericho. L. I.. 2 bathrooms, with 400 homes to he mit adjustments to be made in anv N. Y.. with 835 homes of a projected equipped with 3 baths and 1,000 with direction easiiv and simply by hand i 2.600 already completed. The archi- 21 o baths. Horowitz Bros. Inc. of to compensate for inaccuracies in j tects and builders. Sosnow and Syosset. L. I., N. Y.. are the plumb measurements made in the roughing- I Schwartz, are offering eight different ing contractors. in for the job. i designs, including split level and The more than 6.000 water closets In consideration of this, manv i ranch stvle. equipped with many mod- that will be installed in this modern plumbers find lead connections to be } ern innovations, such as air condi- community project will be connected most economical and further, such | doners, built-in ovens and wall re to copper drainage lines with 3-in. adjustments do not set up anv stresses frigeration. lead bends by means of wiped joints. or strains that very often lead to earlv Perhaps not an innovation but cer- The use of lead bends generally failure of more rigid installations. ,x Flexible lead bends are being installed to connect water closets to copper drain age lines m the 2.600 multiple bathroom, une-iamtl> homes development in Birchurood Park, Jericho. L. 1., A. Y. .It lejt is one of the 2.200--3-in. diameter, 8-in. b\ 12-in. lead bends in place and at right, one of the 4.400--3-in. diameter, 16-in. by 16-in. lead bends also installed. 3-- -- L IA26085 i i. 4! A Sheet Lead For Light Economical X-rav Shields NE of the functions of an X-ray- O shield is to contain or confine the dangerous rays emitted by equipment. Since this depends to a for sheet lead X-ray shield in the new College of Med thiceine building at Ohio Stale University. large extent on the shielding mate rial's density, lead, being the densest of the commonly available materials, is therefore most often used. Lead, surprisingly enough, is generally the lightest and most economical shield ing material because it provides the greatest protection per unit of thick ness. In determining the necessary shield thickness for a specific installation, a number of factors must be considered. First and foremost is the rated voltage of the X-rav equipment and secondary considerations include the number of hoursjthe equipment is operated each day. She distance between the X-rav the job site such as was recently done by T. F. Pharham Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio, in the new College of Medicine building at Ohio State University, Garfield. Harris. Robinson and Sha fer. Cleveland. Ohio, architects. Construction involved the use of channel iron studs and horizontal steel source and the operator or other per sons in the area, and scattered or sec ondary radiation given off bv objects in the path of the X-rav beam. A more comprehensive treatment of this sub ject is included in a booklet entitled "Rcdiation Protection" available from thp Association upon request. There are any number of methods used to line X-rav rooms with sheet lead including prefabricated sections. >uch a? lead bonded to plvwood and "allboard or anchored in the center of concrete or gvpsum blocks. Another of the methods used is fabrication of the sheet lead lining on members approximately one foot apart. The sheet lead weighing 6 lb. per sq. ft. was applied to the steel supporting frame, starting at the bot tom. with the long dimension of the sheet running horizontally. The upper edge of the lead sheet was then folded around the- horizontal steel support and tack welded on the back surface. Where the intersecting \ertical steel supports prevented the lead from being folded, it was left standing run ning parallel to the vertical steel stud. The second course was then applied in the same manner with the upper shezt lapping the lower sheet, joints between horizontal sheets were also lapped. It is advisable to tack solder, or. as was done on this job. tack weld the laps on the face or X-rnv side of the lead shield. Before piping, electrical conduits, switch boxes or air vents penetrate the lead lining, thev should be offset Above, close-up of the bach surface of the lead lining showing the method used to fasten the lining to the horizontal steel supports. At left and right are a back and front view of the same wail showing how the air vent and other utility boxes that pierce the lead lining are shielded. --4-- L1A 2608fe as close to the outside of the lining as possible so that they can be backed with sheet lead of sufficient size so that the X-rays cannot pass through at any angle. A typical example of how this mav be .best accomplished is shown in the accompanying photo graphs. In installing shielding for X-ray equipment, it is important that even the most minute opening exposed to the rays be protected. This would include such things as holes made with screws or nails, and cracks around doors or between floors and walls. Lead Shielded Fork Lift Truck HE increasing use of radioactive Tmaterials in industry is creating 2-in. lead shield supported on a frame work of 21/2-in. steel angles. The lead safety problems that are unique to sayshield extends to the side and rear to the least. This is particularly true of form an enclosure around the opera those plants equipped with irradiated tor. The shield is open at the rear. material or the so-called "hot" labo To accommodate the shield, the fork ratories. lift required a minimum of alteration. In this new and complex field, The sloping floor plate support was many safeguards are necessary and removed and a horizontal sandwich, have been developed, generally on the of lead covered with steel, was sub scene, to protect personnel from the stituted. To retain the full back tilt of dangerous gamma rays emitted by the lifting column, it was necessary radioactive materials. All kinds of to tilt the steering column back about protective devices, from complicated 7 deg. Xo other changes in the origi remote control apparatus to simple nal structure of the vehicle were re containers, have been designed with quired. The shield weight of 3.800 lb. this thought in mind. reduced the useful load of the 6.000 One of the more unusual protective lb. capacity "Towmotor" to 2.200 lb. devices that have been developed is Although the axle loading is the limit a lead shielded fork lift truck to ing factor in consideration of the per transport "hot"'bulkv materials. De signed and fabricated by Convair. A Division of General Dynamics Corp.. Fort Worth. Texas, the lead shielded truck is used' bv them to transport bulky items between the "hot" storage building and the irradiated materials laboratory. Convair designed' and fabricated this lead shielded truck for its own use and does not manufacture these vehi cles for sale. The' fork lift truck itself is a product of Towmotor. Inc.. Cleve land. Ohio. Details of its shielding design and operation, however, may be of interest to those companies with a similar transportation problem. The shielded fork-lift consists of a missible pay load, the lifting capabil ity of the truck was not changed. The shield has four viewing win dows; two side and two front. The side windows are located so as to pro vide a slightlv forward and downward view. The front windows are located to give both forward and downward view. To provide shielding equivalent to the 2 in. of lead. 6 in. of lead glass, specific gravity 3.3 covered with V4 in. non-browning lime glass on the outside, and l^-in. plate glass on the inside are used. The 6 in. thickness is obtained bv use of two pieces, the outside piece is 4 in. and the inside piece is 2 in. thick. Koroseal gaskets and aluminum framework support the glass. L I A 2 6 08 7 The steel work for one of Michigan's many highway bridges that are being protected against corrosion with red lead paints. Michigan Specifies Red Lead For Highway Bridges HE tremendous road building pro Tgram just approved bv the Federal requirements for quick drying, low cost, light weight, salt or fresh water Government will result, according toexposures, or other conditions as the best estimates, in the construction and formulator or specifier may desire. modernization of 40.000 miles of the Interstate Highway System. Expendi tures will average almost 2% billion dollars a year over the next 13 years, and according to the Bureau of Pub lic Roads will require among other materials approximated 49 million tons of finished steel products. Slightly more than half of the total will be in structural shapes, much of which will be subject to atmospheric and soil corrosion. The selection of a coating to inhibit this corrosion is therefore of prime importance to highway engi neers. For almost a century, the standard protective coating for the protection of iron and steel against corrosion and rust has been red lead paint. Modern research in the light of to day's exacting requirements has not only brought about improvements in red lead pigment and pure red lead paint but also has developed a variety It is this combination of past per formance and modern research that has maintained red lead's superiaritv as a rust inhibitive paint pigment. As a result, it is preferred and used by a majority of the State Highway de partments for primer and field coats on steel. The Michigan highway department is one of the many that use red lead extensively. The specification used in this State for shop and field coats of paint for structural steel accompanies this article. The accompanying photograph is an example of one of the many bridges that are beine constructed in Michigan's highway proeram that will eventually total 3,100 miles of dual highways. On the average, these bridges will be about 100 ft. long and the steel in them will weigh around 100 tons each. of multiple pigment paints, containing The shop coat for each of these red lead as the principal pigment, bridges will require approximately 40 which are designed to meet specific gai. of red lead primer paint which conditions. While pure red lead and contains 18.5 lb. of dry red lead per linseed oil paint gives outstanding ser gallon or ,40 lb. per bridge. Because vice where there is ample time for of red lead s low permeability to drving. there are now available red water and gases and high resistance lead paints which will meet exacting to weather, a normal life of 10 to 12 6-- -- years for the properly applied paint film can be expected in such appli cations. MICHIGAN STATE HIGHWAY SPECIFICATION No. 1 Red Oil Paint for Structural iteei. Shop Coat PIGMENT Red'Lead 97% grade PERCENT 100 VEHICLE Raw Linseed Oil (ASTM D 234) Kettle Bodied Linseed Oil (Q Body; Acid No. 6-7) Turpentine (ASTM D 131 Driers (Fed. Spec. TTD 651 (a I 70 7 18 5 Pigment Vehicle Wt./Gal. Dry. Time 76.5-78.5% 21.5-23.5% Not Less than 21 lb. 18 hours. The field coat. No. 2A. is a brown oil paint for structural steel. It is the same as Michigan State Highway Specification No. 1. except that it con tains 98 percent red lead and not over 2 percent carbon black. LIA 26 OP 8 i i ] Porcelain-On-Aluminum Wall Tile ORCELAIN-ON-ALUMINUM wall by the manufacturer. It is light to necessary, that is tenaciously adher tile is a relatively new material for handle and install, weighing, with the ent. that has a lustrous gloss, the right | finishing the walls of bathrooms. mastic, only about 18 oz. per sq. ft. coefficient of expansion, and that is / kitchens and other places where a It is available in a pillow bevel, the highly resistant to soaps, detergents, ' bright, clean, beautiful and durable cavitv being 0.05 in., a space saver. fruit juices, and other substances com J surface is desired. Here for example The tiles used here were 414 x 414 in- monly found around a house. The I is illustrated a bathroom in a summer although 41/4 x 81A in. and 8V2 x 8I/2 enamel can be struck a hard blow I home near Danbury, Conn. The color in., as well as trim tile and necessary without chipping and this tile is not scheme is coral and dubonnet selected special shapes are also available. subject to cracking. - from the twelve beautiful colors of This tile is stamped from aluminum All in all. this new product, in fered by the manufacturer. Vikon Tile 0.025 in. thick. The porcelain enamel which lead plays such an important , Corporation. Washington, N. J. In this is applied on both sides, 0.003 in. part, is finding a useful place in the j instance, the ceiling, too. was tiled, thick on the face and 0.002 in. on the schemes of home ow-ners. architects j The installation was made by The back. Lead compounds are an ingre and builders. Likewise, lead com | Fricker Tile Works, Danbury, Conn. dient of the enamels in substantial pounds are finding new usefulness in l The porcelain-on-aluminum tile was percentages. They help to make a por ceramics of all kinds for their fluxing applied over shellacked wall board celain enamel that can be fired onto ability, index of refraction, electrical : using a mastic made for the purpose the aluminum at the low temperatures properties and many other qualities. Lead In Tall Oil Manufacture ALMOST as diverse as the prod ucts it helps produce, lead in its perior acid-handling features of lead dictated its use. Details of manufac applications scores again. Tall oil. thteure and purification of tall oil are name derived from the Swedish tal- trade secrets but it suffices to say that lolja 1 literally `'pine oil"! identifies acid treatment involves addition of the natural mixture of rosin and fatty sulphuric acid in carefully controlled acids obtained by acicinving the black concentrations to produce the natural liquor skiminings of the alkaline mixtures of rosin acids related to paper pulp industry. The Rome Kraft abeietic acid and of fatty acids related Co.. Rome. Ga.. has recently com to oleic acid together with nonacidic pleted a tall oil manufacturing instal bodies. lation making extensive use of lead Lses for tall oil and its derivatives acid tank linings. As always, the su- run the spectrum, including the prep aration of adhesives, asphalt emul sions, binders, coii oils, detergents, 1T elder applying sheet lead to butjle assembls used to promote turbulent mixing oi soap, steam and other chemical re actants. driers, drying oils, emulsifiers, flota tion agents, greases, linoleum, pene trating oils, printing inks, resins, rub- L IA26089 I bI MS i Lead-lined reaction lank where paper mill sulphate soap is acidified to produce crude tail oil. ber chemicals, soaps, textile oils, var nishes and wetting agents. Of these, the most important and rapidly grow ing uses are in the preparation of esters for use in drying oils; additives for lubricants such as extreme pres sure greases and cutting oils: hvdrau iic fluids: surfactants such as wettinr agents, and emulsifying and demul sifving agents: plasticizers and resins And if this were not enough, tosethei with phthaiic or maleic acids anc. poiyhvdric alcohols, especially pentarythntols. tall oil esters form alkvd resins of superior weather resistant properties. Fortunateiv. recent and continuous expansion in alkaline pulping of resi nous woods especially in the southern United States assures plentiful suppii of this versatile material which in some part owes its existence to lead. The following article* and reprint* contain information, drawing* and ipeeification* on the u of lead product* helpful to architect*, engineer* and other* interested. They are available, free of charge, except where otherwise indicated, upon request 10 the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION. 60 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK IT, N. Y. MATERIALS OF CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION ANNUAL REVIEWS -- LEAD AND LEAD ALLOYS Up-to-date report* on new development! in the use* of lead and lead alloy* la chemical cooatruction including reaearrb progre*a. engineering applica tion!. and technological advancement!. With bib liography. 1956, 1955 and 1954 review* (edition* are not cumulative) available. Reprinted from ''Industrial and Engineering Chemistry," September. 1956. October, 3955. and October. 1954. LEAD REFERENCE SHEET fparta 1*2) A *nort outline of the type*, grades, and chrmieal and physical properties of lead in chemical coouructtoo. with a summary of the corrosion char acteristics of lead in use with a large number of common chemicals and solutions u*ed in various industries. Reprinted from "Chemical Engineering Progress. " January and February, 1955. INSPECTING AND TESTING LEAD LININGS Methods of testing and inspecting sheet lead liuings and bonded lead linings used in the chemical process industries are described. Reprinted from "Non-Destructive Tearing.'' January-february, 1956. BEST DESIGNS FOR LEAD INSTALLATIONS A pectsl report oo the application* of lead and lead ailov* in the chemical sod metallurgical iuuuMries. Recommended practice /of joining lead xtieet*, and the construction of wood stave tanka, launders, towers and flues where lead it involved are included. Reprinted from "Chemical Engineer ing," March, April and Mae, 1956. PORTABLE RADIATION* SHIELDING MATERIALS A special report on commercially available shield. :ng forma that can be used to build readily as sembled. hand stacked shielding walls. Prepared by the editors of "Nucleonics." Mae. 1955. LEAD IN MODERN INDUSTRY ? 1.50 Postpaid A fully illustrated. 30 pge, doth bound book describing all phases of the production and use of lead, lead aliovt and lead compound!. LEAD WORK FOR MODERN PLUMBING $1.50 Postpaid, $1.00 par copy in quanti ties of 10' or more Profuseiv illustrated with over 140 photograph* and drawings, this textbook presents clearly to the plumbing student the necessary tool*, procedures *nd ihe methods required ior lead work. LEAD BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BULLETIN!* A series of specifications for the use of lead in building ponstrucrioo. (Available separately.) BULLETIN NO. 1 Specification for Lead Waste Connections for Plumbing Fixrurea with Integral Traps (Water Closets--Pedestal Urinal*--Service Sink* t BULLETIN NO. 2 Specification lor Lead Shower and Safe Pan* wUGCESTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR CHEMICAL LABORATORY DRAINAGE SYSTEM A complete guide to the selection and inataijation of drainage systems in chemical laboratories. In cludes laboratory waste and vent piping, traps, inks, acid trays, troughs, safe pans, neutralizing basin* and other topic*. LEAD IN MODERN PLUMBING-- WHY. WHERE, HOW IT IS USED A 2X s-agt booklet containing descriptive informa tion as well as lour pages of detailed drawings Inr plumbing installations in various type houses. LEAD WELDING An informative as well a practical guide to lead welding. Reprinted from the "Welding Handbook. Third Edition ' published bv the American Welding Society. LEAD FLASHINGS IN MODERN CONSTRUC TION Lead flashing, as used in an ultramodern bouse in Randolph. \ t. Reprinted from "National Roofer." October. 1054. THE STORY OF LEAD--MATERIALS THE RAILROADS BUY (Part* 1 md 2) Lead from mine tc finished product with *perial reference to n* uses bv tne railroads- Reprint'd from "Railway Purchases and Stores " December. 1954 aod February. 1955. RED LEAD TECHNICAL LETTERS .A sene* of technics: ieners containing rec paint formulations. 1 Available separately.) rar Technical Letter No. 3--"Red Lead Primer* for Atmospheric Exposures Technical Letter No. 5 -- Red Lead Vini und Coumiront Type Paint* Terhnieal Letter No. 6 -- Red Lead Point Formulation* Technical Letter No. 7---Paint '*ittmi for Hydraulic Strut ture* Technical Letter No. 8----Primer* for Rail road Structure* aod Roiling Stock Technical Letter No. 't -- R ed Lead Paint* for Gal* anited yteel. Rusted. ** fathered or Treated New Technical Letter No. 10 -- L. I. A. formula 3-7, A Red Lead- 4 ik yd A ehicic Primer for Industrial and Marine Environment* Technical Letter No. !1 -- Recommended surface Preparation of *iee| (or Red Lead Paint*. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION TT-P-Hf.a Paint: Red-Lead-Base. Ready-Mixed Lovers foul- tvpes of red-ieae base Mimt* tnciudme two iast-drving formula non*. Manv intended appli cations listed. PAINT CALYAMZFD "IRFa CE.-? Whv galvanized aurfaces should be painted, the kind of pretreatment that soouid be given. and the correct painting M-iems-. are discussed. Repnnte.1 from "Factory Managemeot and Maintenance," April, 1956. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE CLAD TO MAIL LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED. AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS. L 14 260 9 0 p m.*>TCP in u. j. a. si 1SA*C WLtMlXN COMCiJNY INC. NEW TO* K C1TT