Document 1g7pQ8bRDXDb5YnakZ8OdEBNX

926 CHAPTER 47 1949 Guide High Temperature Drying, by Burt S. Harrison (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 24,1918, p. 7). : The Temperature of Evaporation, by W. H. Carrier (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 24, 1918, p. 25). Address on Dehydration, by H. C. Gore (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 24,1918, p. 323). Drying as an Air Conditioning Problem, by A. W. Lissauer (A.S.H.V.E. Trans-. . actions, Vol. 27, 1921, p. 251). A Chronological Survey of Drying and Driers, by J. E. Bolling (A.S.H.V.E. Journal, Vol. 27, October, 1921, p. 715). Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air, by John A. Goff and S. Gratch (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 51,1945, p. 125). Adiabatic Drying of Hygroscopic Solids, by A. M. McCready and W. L. McCale (Transactions, American Institute Chemical Engineers, 1933). Limitations of Diffusion Equations in Drying, by 0. A. Hougen, H. J. McCauley and W. R. Marshall (Transactions, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1940). Factors Influencing the Performance of Rotary Dryers, by C. F. Prutton and C. O. Miller (Transactions, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Part 1, February, 1942; Part 2, August, 1942). Drying of Solids by Through Circulation, by W. R. Marshall and O. A. Hougen (Transactions, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1942). Factors that Influence Drier Performance, by A. Weisselberg (Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, August, 1932). Typical Dryer Calculations, by O. A. Hougen (Chemical and Metallurgical Engi neering, January and March, 1940). Symposium on Drying, Articles by W. K. Lewis, W. H. Carrier, A. E. Stacey, Jr. and R. S. Fleming, R. G. Metz, G. B. Ridley, C. 0. Lavett, D. J. Van Marie (Indus trial and Engineering Chemistry, May, 1921, pp. 427-460). Principles of Drying Lumber and Humidity Diagram, by H. D. Tiemann (Forest Service Bulletin 104,1912). The Drying of Solids, by T. K. Sherwood (Bulletin Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nos. 237,247 and 258). Radiant Energy Drying with Heat Lamps, by T. P. Brown;Metal Industry, Vol. 37, Dec. 1939, p. 607). Drying by Sublimation, by E. W. Flosdorf (Food Industry, Vol. 17, Jan. 1945, p. 607). Evaporative Drying System, by F. H. Slade (Food Manufacturing, Vol. 18, March, 1943, p. 70). High Frequency Methods in Gluing and Drying Wood, I. R. Berkness (Wood Products, VoL 45,1940, p. 12). Development of the Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering: Drying, by T. K. Sherwood (Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Vol. 42, p. 214). The Spray Dryer--Its Possibilities in Industry, by D. W. Biocheno (Food Manu facturing, Vol. 19, June, 1944, p. 195). . Mechanism and Rate of Drying by Near-infra-red Radiation, by L.,E. Stout, K. J. Caplan and W. G. Baird (Transactions American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 41, 1945, p. 283). Electronic Dehydration of Foods, by V. W. Sherman (Electronics, Vol. 17, 1944, P- 94)- ... Air Conditioning and Engineering, American Blower Co., 1935. ,, . Drying in Industrial Plants, by J. O. Ross. ^'Elements of Chemical Engineering, by Badger and McCabe (McGraw Hill Co., 1931). Fan Engineering, Buffalo Forge Co. . Die Trockentechnik, by M. Hirsch (Julius Springer, Berlin, 1932). Drying (Kent's Mechanical Engineers Handbook). Drying, by W. H. Carrier (Marks* Mechanical Engineers Handbook). Drying (Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook). Kiln Drying of Lumber, by A. Koehler and R. Thelen, New; York, 1926. Kiln Drying of Lumber, by H. D. Tiemann (Lippincott, 1920). Modern Drying Machinery, by H. B. Grenshaw, London, 1926. , Principles of Chemical Engineering, by Waiker, Lewis, McAdams (Chapters OH Evaporation, Humidity and Drying, McGraw Bill Co.). CHAPTER 48 TRANSPORTATION AIR CONDITIONING Railway Passenger Car Air Conditioning, Passenger Bus Air Conditioning, Streetcar and Trolley Coach Heating and Ventilating, Automobile Air Conditioning, Airplane Air Conditioning THE principles of air conditioning applying to stores, restaurants, hospi tals, theaters, and homes are applicable to railway passenger cars, passenger buses, automobiles, streetcars, trolley coaches, airplanes and ships. However, equipment used for mobile applications differs from that used for stationary purposes in that it must meet additional requirements. Equipment must be compact, accessible for quick inspection and servicing, light-weight and unaffected by vibration and impact. Freedom from vi bration which could be transmitted to supporting vehicle and thus to passengers is essential. (For Air Conditioning Ships see Chapter 49.) RAILWAY PASSENGER CAR AIR CONDITIONING The railway passenger car represents a very difficult air conditioning problem. Space is strictly limited so that all equipment and ducts must be reduced to minimum size. Electric power supply and water supply also are.limited. All equipment must withstand severe vibration and shock and must be very reliable in performance since major servicing points are fre quently far apart. During heating season it is necessary to heat conventional cars with steam from locomotive at pressures that may vary from 250 psi to only 5. or 10 psi on last car in long trains. Passengers in window seats must sit only a few inches from cold outside walls and windows, and must also be very close to standing radiation installed along sides of cars. Sudden changes in load may be caused by changes in sun, wind, or train movement. Even in coldest weather, outside doors must be opened frequently. During cooling'season, the problem is further complicated by high con centrated internal load represented by the passengers. Also, air distribu tion problems are increased by low ceilings and short air throws. Heating The heating of passenger cars is accomplished by using a split system consisting of an overhead air circulating system with heating and cooling coils and standing radiation (floor heat) along car sides. The floor heaters, which usually consist of finned tubing, may be made more efficient by using covers designed to increase gravity air circulation and to direct the warm air from finned heating surface along cold outside walls and car windows. In some new cars, wall convector panels are used and extend the full length, of the car with air intakes along the floor and outlets at window-sill height and at window head height in dead-light panels. The heated wall panel protects passengers from cold outside walls and the chimney effect of slender panel diic't increases air flow and improves heating surface efficiency. Steam may be used directly in finned tubing or steam may be used to heat a liquid, (usually a mixture of water and diethylene glycol), which is 927