Document 1g1aD1MmJdMQy6pzvgYVm7emm

FILE NAME: WR Grace (WRG) DATE: Unknown DOC#: WRG012 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: 0000 Book Excerpt - Secret Agenda excerpts from Chapter 8: CIA Dirty Tricks notes and Chapter 10: Spies, Spooks, and LSD 130 Secret Agenda wpearssoanpohteernetifailrsfto, raaskn eqvueenstigornesatelarteinr.teBrneaclausseecuoriftythraits,kthweirthe stheemseblcaansceesothf amnilwitaitrhy Pcuapsteordcyli.pI,nwahdidchitiaotnletoashtaprrdo-vcoidreedNsaozmise, Nmautnioisntapl aIrnttyeraensdt ctahseesItianlcialundFedasfcoisrmt pearrmtye.mbers of the Com to OthneeUGneirtmedanStwataessatno wacocruksefdorNaaNziewspyYworhkoo, pthtiocualghcobmropuagnhyt, pasronmoptsluyrpdirsisaep,pecaornesdidoenrcinegheGaorerirvzedL.aTnghfiselsdh'soutlrdachkavreeccoomrde. fLoarnEgfaesltdmhanadKliovdeadkininARmoecrhiceasteinr, tNheewlatYe o1r9k3.0Ts haendFwBIorskuesd pmeecetetidngthwatithLaangnfoetlodriaonuds sNeavzeiraslptyo,pwUh.oS.labteursinweasssmcoennviwcteerde ohifsewspairotinmageea.ctLivaintgiefseladrelecfotnAflimcteirnigc.a Linan1g9fe4l1d, calnadimreedpoorntsonoef fhoermsaidthhaet hhaedhraedtugrnonede ttoo NTaozkiyGoearsmaan"ytoaunrdisjto.i"neOdnthaenLotuhfetr wmaafnfeN. Yaveatlanheoathdeqrusatroteryrswians Btheartlinh.e Ohande wthoirnkgedisfocrerthtaeinG: eirn ltahtreew19h45imAirnmyjaiCl.ICHeagweanstsctahuoguhgthwt ehaerilnogokaedBrsiutissphicuionuifsoarmnd, bidreanntditiyshicnagrdas guunnd,eransedvecraarlrynianmg efsa.lsiLfiaendgfpealdpeerssc, aipnecdlusdoinogn athfteerOhffiiscearorefsMt ailnitda,ryunGdoevreyrentmaennotthfoerr Balaiavsa,rioab'stafiinlmeddiavjiosibona.t rBeycotrhdes triemveeahleedwthaastbhreohuagdhtustoedthaet leUanstitfeivdeSdtiaftfeesreinnt a1l9i5a2sehs.i1s1 proEjvecetn. cOotntvoicAtemdbNroasz'is wcaasrecirsimbyinfaalrstwheerme oasctcebpratezdenunexdaemr tphlee oTfhheofwacNt athtiaotnWal .InRte.rGesrtacceircaunmd vCeonmtepdaUny.S, .hiemadmeidgrbaytioJn. Plaewtes.r Gknroacwen, .emBuptlonyeewdlyAmdebcrloasssaifsieadcJoInOsAultaanntd foUr.Sd.ecAadrmesyisdowceull meDntusrisnhgedthneewwalirg, hAt monbrtohsiswsaosrdaiddairfefcatior.r12of I. G. Farben, the chemical company that owned a firm that manufactured CIA Dirty Tricks 131 ZAymkbloronsBto, othkepgaarst uinsetdhetodekcililsimonilltioonusseofZJyekwlsoninBthine cthaempgass. cI.haGm. bFearrsbeanndfapcetorsroyn, awllhyicshelheectleadteAr musacnhawgietzd,absetchaeusseiteAuosfcahn wthietzfaccotnocrye.ntNrautiroenmbceamrgptrpiarilswonitenresssceosulrdecbaelleudsethdeadsesplalovreasbilne cwoonrdkitaitoAnsmubnrodse'rs Iw. hGic.hFaArbuescnhAwuitszchpwriistzonpelrasntw. "erTehfroasrcheindgtso, iflals-thrieoantm,"entetstoiffiethde RwuodrsotlfkiVnidt,eke,vebnotdhireactpkhiyllsiincgiasnwaenred thane Asibulsechfowrittzheinfmacatteth. a"tTwhheilme wurodrekrionugsmwaonryk psrpiesoednewrsassurdedspeonlny slitkreetcbheeadstso."ut13flat, turned blue, gasped for breath and died poIis. oGn. gFasarebxepnerailmsoenmtsanounfAacutuscrhedwintzerpvreisgoansetrhs.atTwheasseuesxedpeirn itmoreienst,s,wceorneduuscetdedtoindesteecrrmetinlaebhoorawtofraiesst naetrIv.eGg.asFawrobuelnd fkaicll Ainlsltiaendtslyo.ldAiecrcso. rTdhineghteolpBleristsisvhicintitmelsliogfenthcees,eAemxpberroismaenndtsOdtiheedr Ith. eGg. rFoaurnbdesnthofaftictihales i"njmusattiefisedofthceonecxepnetrriamtieonntscanmotpsonwlyouolnd hexavpeerbimeeenntksilhleadd aanyhwuamyabnyitatrhieanNaaszpise,ctbuint atlhsaot .th. e. tlhivaetsthoef couAnmtlbesrossGwerams afnouwnodrkgeurisltyweoref sslaavveedry."1a4nd mass murder at Npruisroenmmbeenrgt., CbhuitefheprwosaescsuetnotreJnocseidahtoDauBmoeisrereegigarhdteydetahres'siemn oteuntcraegaesd "thliagthht eewnoruogtehatsocaptlheiansge baocohkicakbeonutththieefm'eanndhewcaasllesdo AThmebDroesv'isl'snCamheemiosnts.JlTOhAe JJhOirAinghaldistnso--suecvhen(judauhrinnsganhdiskiempt pthreisonnammeesnto.fTGheersme alnistsscwieenrteistssigwnhifoichanadt, bsienecne ctlheeayrecdonfotarinemed ptiloony,mtheensteuGnedremr avnasr'iofaums iJliIeOsArecaenidveBdrbiteinshefiptsro, jiencctlsu.dIinngafdodoid supplements, not available to average German citizens.15 132 Secret Agenda ofIGn e1r9m5a1n,yGe(HneIrCalOCGl)a,y'JsoshunccMescsCorl,oyth, ereHleigashedCofmrommispsiroisnoenr mNaazniycchoenmviisctteimd mNeadziiawtealyr wcraismhiniraelds,aisnaclcuodninsugltAanmt bbryosG. rTachee, DUo.Sw. CAhrmemyicCahl,emanicdaol tCheorrpAsmuenrdicearnaccoomnpsualntiaensc,yaspwroejlelcatsththaet wniaesntrlyuntheadsmamineisatgraetnicvyelwy hionseGcehrimefahnayd bjuystHseItCAOmGb--rocsofnrveee. Tarheeufnukllndoewtani.lsTohfeAemffebcrtoos'fstchoantswulotarkn,cyhowwitehvethr,eiUs .aSb.umndilaintatrlyy cclheeamr.icDalucrionrgps,thuesintigmeAutshcahtwAitmz bdroocsumweanstsa acsoansguulitdane,t,cothne dduoncteedinththeessaemceretty<p1.eGo.f pFoairsboennglaasboexrapteorriimese.nTtshtihsattimhaed, hboewen eMvaerr,yltahnede, xapnedrimtheentusnwfoerrteuncaotnedguuctiendeaatpiEgdsgweweroeodmoArresetnhaaln, sevIenntthheou1s9a5n0ds AGmraecreicraenpesoatleddielyrs.t1r6ied to get the State De phearwtmasenatctoonivsiscuteedANmabzriows aarvcisraimbiuntawl.aTshtuenrneNdatdioonwanl bInetcearuesset eenxtcelureddabtlheeinpdicivtuidruea, lsastoitthperoUvindieteddaStwaateys tuondberirntgheotahtetorwrniesye gJuesnteicrael'Ds ewpaairvtemr epnrtoavpispioronv.eAd cAcomrdbirnogs'stoenStrtayteansdouhrecevsi,sitthede theTUheniCteIdA'Sstatrteesmaetnldeoausts tihnrfelueetnicmeeos.n17National Interest and Pfoarpmeercdlipashaassbeepeanraitegnionrteedllipgreinocretoagtheniscyboaosk.a TrehseulCtIAof wthaes NCoatoirodnianlaStieocnubrietygaAncotpoefr1a9ti4n7g. Aasytehaer ClaItAer',stchoevOerftfiaccetoiofnPoalrimcy, htheeadBeadlkbaynsFdraunrikngWWisnoerlrd, fWoramr eIrIl.yWchisinefero'fsOOSPSCooppeerraattieodnsouint otof tthhee iSnttaetleligDenecpearatgmeenntst,ruwnhnicinhgpProavpeedrclhipig.hHlyisacdovnansitdaegreaobulse icnlifmluaetnec,epainrtitchuelarSltyatseinDceepSaarmtmueelntKmlaueasnatnda omthoreer Pfaavpoerracblilpe detractors had been forced out of the picture. In addition, CIA Dirty Tricks 133 Wto isAnmererhiacnadulenddethreaCllIAJIOinAvesptrigoajeticotsn.s oCfoinnsdiidveirdiunaglsthberowugelhl-t pcruibmliicniazlesd, itfaschtosusludrnroout nbdeisnugrptrhiesinCgIAth'astotwhenCuIsAe noafmNeaczhiewckasr repWoritsender"anlosodheerolpgeadtotrhyeiJnIfOorAmoabtitoanin."v18isas for Paperclip sci eSntetipshtse.nFCohr aemxabmerpllien, mineFt ewbirtuhaWryis1n9e4r8tDo idriescctuosrsoJfIIOntAel'lsigpernocbe lWemissnewritthhaKt alarouusnadn3d5t0hGe eVrmisaanDs wepearretmstiellnlti.vCinhgaimn btheerlUinntioteldd Smtaanteesnut nrdeseirdmenitlsitawryithcuosuttodSyta,tebuDt ethpeayrtcmoeunldt anpoptrboevcaolm. "eTpheirs cmoonrdailteio,"n Chahsamrebsuelrtleind isnaiadn. uHnefaavsokreadblWe riesancetrioton oacncsepleercaitaelisthtse' vtoiseansaabnlde tthoesGupeprmoratnJsIOtoAge'stevfifsoarstsbetofocrehathngeier PararpiveraclliinpApomliecry icaL.1e9ss than a month later the State Department notified the JPIaOpAerctlhipatcaitsews.ouTlhdeacnceewlerdaitreecittos rporof ctehsesinVgisaofDveispaasrtimn etnhte, HmearnvyethLa'Ht oenulryeumxa,jaolrsoNiaszsiueledadinesrstruwcotuioldnsbteobcaornresudlsfrionmGoebr tpariinoirngtovtishaesi.rBayrri1v9a4l9inPatpheercUlinpitsecdienSttiasttessb.2e0gan to obtain visas orTChIeANianttieolnliagleInncteeraesssteptsroijnetcot pthroevcidoeudntaryw.ayThtoesClipIAmiglirtoauryp ionfvsoilgvneidficdaenftecintoterslliogrenincedivviadluuea.lsJIwOhAo pooffsisceesrssedpaisnsfeodrmonatitohne nparomveasl.o"fWthee jCuIsAt dgirdouthpetopathpeerawttoorrkn,e"yregceanleleradl rfeotrirfeidnalUa.Sp. A19r5m3ytoCo1l9o5n7e.l BBeurtntahradt Gapepehroavna,lwphroocseesrsvewdaosncrtuhceiaJIl,ObAecfaruosme tbhee inlaawdmwisassibdlees.igAnsedonteo CadIAmiatttpoeronpelye awdhmoitotethderiwn i1se97w9,outhlde pUrnoivtiesdioSntaatleloswwianigvetdhealCl gIAroutondbsrionfgexachluusnidorne,dsoptehresoornestitcoaltlhye, drug traffickers or persons convicted of serious crimes could 168 Skcret Aci-nda froelryAinrgmoangeNdadzoins haemriedatthheocmheillfoorf tthheeirceovldil wexaprenriomt eonntlsybbuyt amlsaonyb.yAtaspmpienngtitohneedtweiastreliderm, Uin.dSs. olafwthsogseovsetirlnlinligvinthgeinAmGeerr irceasnearzcohnoenocfheGmeicrmalawnyarffaorreb.aBdeut tthheat dGiedrmnoatnsstofprotmhe Adorimngy CUh.Se.moicraglanCiozarptisonorththate rHepiglahceCdomOMmiGssUioSn,efrroomf Gheirrminagncyh, etmhe idcuasltwrieasrftaorepreoxdpuecrtes cahsem"cicoanlsuwlatarfnatrse" moratefurinadlsinfgorGtheermUannitiend StaWteess.t32Germany came under severe criticism when evidence shuerlfpaicnegdLiinby1a98b9yitlhdaat cGheermmiacnal cwhaermfaicrealpclaonmt.paInniepsarhtiacdulbaer,ena clioalmumSnafwirreittreenfebriynginftloue"nAtiaulsNchewwitzY-oirnk-tThiem-Sesancdo"lumomniisntoWusilly cSiatfeidrethneorreaenmyoenrgeeenlcsee mofe"ntthioenGedertmhaatnitprwoabslethme."UB.Su.tgnoevitehrenr mtoewntowrkhosohoand apfutetrthWe oGreldrmWanarchIeI,muicnadl ewratrhfaerebaenxnpeerrtsofbathcke AmTehreicUan.Sf.laagg.e33ncies' employment of German scientists living iHnItCheOAGm's esrciiceanntizfiocndeiwreacstoanr, eCnaorrlmNooursdosptreormati,ohna.dAattolneeaspt o1i5n0t GorergmavaensUw.oSr.kianggenfcoireshiminfaosrmcoantisounltaanbtso.utThtheyeirofwfearertdimadevircee sseoamrceht.hiArttythGeesrammaen tcihmeem, itchael AwarmrfayrCe hexempeicrtasltCoocropnsdeumctpsloecyreedt nMearvney ogfastheresseesacricehntfisotrs mtheet CwhitehmHicoaflfmDainvinsiwonheonfhEe UtrCavOelMed. toothGerernmewanychesemeikcianlgdiisncfoovrmeraietiso.nOathbeorust, pliskyechcoocnhveicmteicdalNs aozri wtoarwcorrikmaisnacloOnstutoltaAntms burnods,erwNeraetifolnoawlnIntotertehset UfonritAedmeSrtiactaens cCoormpopraantiyo.n34s such as Ambros's employer, the W. R. Grace Former SS Brigadier General Walter Schieber was among 1 1 Spies, Spooks, and LSD 169 othffeicmerorcealnleodtohriiomus"itnhdeivpirdoutoaltsypoen othfeanU.aSrd. epnatyraonldl. cOonnevianrcmedy Nthaezleisws,hoheuswedortkheedPafortrymtoofreurtthhaenr haisdoewcandaemfobrititohnesC."hNemevicearl cDlaivssisifiioend aintfoErUmCatOioMn,awbohuetreUh.Se. wchaesmgiicvaelnwaacrcfaesres atoctihviigtihelsy. AtSocnheiepboeirn, tahecheevmenisth,elhpaedd btheeendiivnisciohnarmgeakoef ntheerveNagzais.A35r msuapmerevnistsedSuthppelyseoizffuicree uonfdaerrmAs lfbaecrttoSripeeseirnduFrrianngcethaenwdaor.thHeer NNaazzii-'soccchuepmieicdalcwouarnftarrieesp,roagnrdamla.teTrhoinustahnedswoafrciovvielirasnaswwtehree finoracirbmlyamberonutsghfatcttooriNesazuinGdeerrmSacnhyietboerw'socrkonatrsosl.lavIne l1a9b4o5rehres waSspjeaeilredwaasscaonwvairctcerdimaet sNsuursepmebcte.r35g and sentenced to twenty ysteaarrswiitnnepsrsisaotnt,hebuNtuSrecmhibeebregr tsraiavlesdanhdiswsrkiitningbychseemrviicnagl wasara f1a9r4e7reUp.oSr.ts ifnoterlltihgeenUce.S.agAernmtsy hwahdiledehceidwedas tshtailtl iSnchjaiielb. eBr'ys kNnaozwi lpedasgte. o"fScehveemrailcaolbwstaacrflaerse wwearse moovreerciommpeorbtayntAtmhaenrichains aeuxtphlooritietide,s" boenfeorAe rmScyhiCeIbCer'asgesncitenntoitfeicd.kOnonweloedfgtheocseouoldbstbae cleleassewdafsrormemporviseodnw. WheinthUin.Sa. sihnoterltlitgimeneceScohffieicbeerrs wgoast mhimakirneg DEUMCO1,M00.037 a month working for the Chemical Division at WArigirhtF-PoracteterCsoolnoneulndDeornaPldapPeurcttliptr,iedbutto bhriisngscShcehmieeberwatos smqeunetlcwheidthbyshaandyArcmhyarCacICterisnvaelsltiogvaetironEoufroSpceh.ieSbcehr'iseibnevrolhvaed gFarsenfcohrmcuolnatsacctsonwtahionehdadinofdfeorceudmheinmts$h5e0,0k0e0ptfoinr Nhiaszihnoeursvee. wSoemapeoonfs htois SSSwiossffifcreiersndosnwtehree raurnm.sAsmndugSgclheriesbwerh'os sfruepqpuleiendt business dealings with Soviet officials in the eastern zone raised 232 Secret Agenda beNrtuevs eSrtthruelgehsos,ldd'sisNtuarzbiinpgasqt uaemstiidoncshdarigdessutrhfaact egoabvoeruntmHeun-t ahgimen.cWieshialendthheigAhilryFpolracceedtopuotelidtichaiml oaffsictihaels"wfaetrheerporoftAecmtinerg iocfanthsirptayc-esemveendicwianre,c"riSmtreusghsuosldpewctass wpuhboliwcleyreideunntdifeierdinavseosntie g(IaNtiSon). bHyisthneamUe.Sw.asIminmcilgurdaetdiononatnhde Nlisattubreaclaizuasteioonf aSelrevtitceer wRervititeewn icno1n9c5e8rnbiyngontehJeulDiaanchBaauchetxoptehreimedenittosr. oBf tuhtetShaetur1d9a58y imnvadesetiagadtiisocnretehtacthfeoclklowweitdh qnuoincekloythteurrnthedaninthtoe Aa itjokFeo.rcIeN--S tinhetshaemfeirmstilpitlaarcye--braanncdh tthheant hderloppepdecdovtehreuipnvSetsrutigghatoioldn'sapfatestr ibnevinesgtigtoaltdedt.h"a5t Strughold already had been "appropriately maSnoorenceaifvteerdSctornufglhicotilndg'srneapmoretssufrrfoamceIdNaSgawinheinn s1h9e74i,nqHuoilrtezdatabionuedt tahne IsNtaStusstaotuf shirsepcoarste.noIntinognethiantstaanrecgei,onIlaolltIzNmSanoffoicbe hreacdtobreeCnhdapirmecatnedtotoldcaHncoeltlzmitsaninvtehsattigtahtieoni.nvLeastteigra, tIioNnS iDntio StrAugchoonltdro'svebrascykgernosuunedd wwahsenstiIllNoSngcoloisnegd.6the case following aHneninryquGiryonoznaleSst,ruwghhooldc'osmbpelhaainlfedbytohisChTaepxmasanconthgartesSsmtruang, Ghoolndz'aslneasmseaidhahdebeheand rbeeleeanseidnfaosrma peedrsboyn aunnd"eirntienrveesstteigdatiinodni. voiudguhally" cthheactkSetdr.ug"hIof lhde's dbiadckhgarvoeunadsuaslrpeeacdtyphaasdt,"beGeonntzhaolers wsioront,e,le"tIadloonneostubbemlieivt etoheexwteonusldivheaivneveevsteirgpatuiorsnusedrehqiusiprerdofefosr dthaeysselantseirti,vCe hjaopbms athnartehpeortheedldbafocrk othuartgionvqeurinrimesentot."thAe mfeiwl iitnafroyrmanadtioonth"eranfedderthaleraegfeonrecietshheadINdSisclcoosnesdid"enroeddetrhoegatcoarsye closed.7 Trying to Open the L id 233 haTdhneenveSrtreuvgehnolhdeacrldaimofedthien Da aNcehwauYeoxrpkenriemwesnptaspuenrttihl aatftheer WbyojroldurWnaalirstIIC. hTahrlaets cAlalilmen,wwashidcihspguatveeddientaailms aogfaSztirnuegahrotilcdl'es aptetreinmdeanntcseoant Daaccohnafuerpernicseonienrs19w4e2reatclweahrilcyhretvheeaflerede,zcinaugsienxg aresveenlasatitoionn, Uam.So.nigmtmheigrsactiieonntisotfsfiactiatlhHe ecnornyfeWreangcne.erAafdtemritthteadt thoolTdh'sefNileeztvhaYtohrek hTaidmeesvetrhbateetnhearsekewdasdinreoctelvyidwehnecteheinr hSetrhuagd knAowGneonfertahle ADcaccohuanutienxgpeOrifmficeentisnvoensthiguamtiaonn bienin1g9s7.88 could hclaivpe. bTlohwe nGAthOe liisd tohfef tihneveesnttiigraetiNngazairimssuoef, Cinocnlugdreinssg, Paanpderit BhausttthheeaGuAthOoriatlylotwoeodbtiatsienlfdtoocubme ednutpseadndbyqguoesvteiornnmweintnteasgseens. cTihese iinnsvteeasdtigoaftiuosninfgoictussaeudthbonriwtyhteothceorntdhuecrteahtahdorboeuegnhapwroibdee. sNparzeiadwagrocvreirmnimnaelnst licvoinnsgpiinracAymteoricoab.sAtrultchtouignvhetshtiegaGtiAonOs roef vliezaeldedNtahzaits,sotmhee aggoevnecrynmceonntclaugdeendciethsahtatdheermephloaydedbeoernuntio coBnsuptirlaactyertothoebGstAruOctwjuasstischeo.9cked to learn that government ':X aGgAenOcieinsvhesatdigaintodrese.dAdselaibreersautletlythwe iGthAheOldcoinnfdourmctaetdioannofrtohmer T winavsehs.tigTahteionGAinO1w98a5s. inBfuotrmtheadt orefpsoormt ewoasf athneomutarjiogrhftinwdhinitges cinovtheirsubpoaolkre,aadnyd hthaed BbuelelnetipnuabrltiischleedreivneaAlipnrgil tohfe tohraigt iyneaal rJ.IOBuAt GmAatOeriianlvs.esTtihgeatoGrAs Osa'isd1t9h8e5y rweperoertnnoot tinotnelryesitgendoirnedsetehiengputhbe ltihsahtedPaepveidrcelnicpe,habduteint dceodntainine1d94g7l(a1r)i,nganedrroprasr,rostuecdh aalslsotaftitnhge I fGaAlseOminyvtehsstitghaatot rhaJovehnbeTeinptotrnotltaetderoaudtmthitrtoeudgihn tahneindteecravdieews. that research for the report had been "superficial." 10 256 Secret Agenda padovinistomryenctomofmiintdteues,trbieacliasutseJ.ofPGetrearceG'sralicnekstotocchoanivricatebduNdgaezit wbeaerncermimpilnoaylinOg tAtomAbrmosbraossa. teGcrhanciec'asl cahdevmisiocralsinccoemhpiasnryelehaasde flircoimty parnisdonanininNvuesretimgabteiorng ibny 1C95o1n.grIenssthmeanmiTdsotmofLbaandtopsubof Cicaallifcolranimiae, da HthoaltocAamusbtrsousrvwivasorn, oboltohngGerracweoarnkdinDg ofworCthheemm. Awmorbkrinogs,fhoorwsoemveerb,oaddymiinttethdeinUanniteindteSrtvaiteews, ibnut19h8e6rtehfautsehde tios wsaaynwt hmoe. t"oI'tmalkst,i"llhweosrakiidn.g"fTohr eUre.Sh. acsombepeanniteosobmuut cthhetyroduobnl'et wneiwth pthlaesptircesssa.n"dAcmhebmroiscaslasi.d28he works as a chemist developing quSesotmioensofaPbroeustidtheentOGSeIo'srgfeatBeuusnhd'serachtiisviatidems ianlsisotrraatisioens.erDiouurs ivnogluBntuesehr'set1h9n8i8c pcroeasliidtieonntiainl cBaumspha'sigcnamsepvaeirganl mweermebeexrspoosfeda aCsoHchoaloircmauanstJreervoismioenBisrtsenotramr aedmmbietrtesdofthNaatzaisoar Fpaossctwisat rgrooffuipces.r ihneltpheedInhtuenrndaretidosnaolfRNeafuzgiseetoOergmaingirzaatteiotno itnheGeUrmniatendy hSetahteasd, O"wthheerthceoral[itthioeyn wmeerme]bienrsthiencWluadfefednFSlSoroiarninGthaeldWaue, harmRoamchatn." ieaxnisOtinrgthIordoonxGpuraireds,t Rwohmoainsiath'seprNoe-wNaYziomrkovcehmieefnot;f RthaedisStillal-voofftfh,eleNadaezri-oafliagnBeudlgBaruialgnagriraonupLefogrimone;dabnydwfaorrtmimere mmeemmbbeerrss oplfotthteedLtaotvoivaenrtShSroawndthPe-I2taLlioadnggeo,vaenrnilmleegnatl iInta1li9a7n0garnoduipnstthaallt a dIinctaadtodri.t2i9on, on July 20, 1988, Bush attended a dinner in DAmeteroriictasnpoFnriseonrdeds obfyththeeACnatip-tBivoelsNheavtiioknBsloCcoomfmNiatttieoenasn, dsotmhee ooff OwhSoI'ssecmaseems abgearsinasrteElaosntgEtiumroepaegaintaNtoarsziacgoalilnasbtoOraStoIrbs.ecEavuesne if Bush was unaware of their anti-OSI stance before the dinner, Consequences 257 hBeohcderatnainFleydowraaskmstaadteedawthaeregorofuipt sw'hsetrnonogutosppopkoseintioOnSItocrOitSicI idnerhoigsaitnotrryodinuctthioatn ttyopeBuosfhr.em"Ia'mrk,s"urFeetdhoartakthesareidwinasannoitnhtienrg vfrioewm.h"imOt[hBeurwshi]seo,rIf'rmomsuortehethraptewopelwe.o"uAldcchoarvdeinhgeatordFietdeoirthaker, Bbaunsqhuseati.d30nothing in the OSI's defense in his remarks at the tiaBl cuosnhf'slicbtacskhogurolduntdheasOaSfIodrmeceirdeCItAo ddeirpeocrttorapPoaspeseraclpipotsecni eCnItAis'ts ohrisottohreyr cNeratzaiinwlyhoshhoawdsbetheen oagnetnhcey'Cs IwAe'sll-pkanyorowlnl. pTrhoe wpeanssfitoyrcfeodr tporodtiescmtiinssg aitsdeonwantu.raInliz1a9ti8o0n, fcoorminpsltaainnct ea,gathinesOt aSlI ldeogceudmNenaztsi wthaart csruidmdiennallyTaspcpheearrimed Sinoohbizsofkiolevs aasftearrtehseulOt SoIf fSioleodbzcohkaorgvehsaidn co19n7c9e.aleTdh ehisOmSIemcobmerpslhaiipntinhavdaricohuasrgNeadzithoart gviasnaiztoateionntes,r itnhecluUdniintgedthSetaWtesa.ffTehneSOSS, Iwwhaesnfhoercaepdptloieddisfmorisas imtsecmasoerawnhdeunma" --" Vo-s3t0enpseirbsloynsahl odwatiangfotrhmat" Saonodbaznok"oovpheraadtidoinss calpopseeadrewdhiant hthee wCaIsAc'shafrigleesdawndithincoSnocoebazloinkgo--v'smpyossteserisosuiosnly. IfonrteirsessutiinngglSyo,otbhzeokSotavt'es vDiseap--arhtmadennot--retchoerdaginenitcsyfirleesspoofnesitihbeler dvioecwuemdentht.e FCuIArt'hserfimleosreo,n wShooenbzoOkSoIv,anttoorenveiydsenicneitioafllythersee ma"tGeriivaelsn haalldthbiese,nsofomuenmd.a31y conclude that the CIA may have mmoanreudfatcotuhraevde thbeisenevaindeenmceplotoyeperootfectht eSAoogbeznockyo,"v,Elloiznagberuth HoIlntzlmooaknintgoladt thheerwcohonlgeresstosiroynoaflPcaoplleeracgluipestoidnay1,9t8h0e.3p2roject's minotesltligoemnicneouosffilceegrascywhlioesgiunidtehde tchoeldprwoajercpt htihlorosuopghhythoef dthee cades. Central to that Machiavellian belief is that the end jus- 294 Notes CHAPTE"RNA8:TCIIOANDAILRTINYTTERRIECSKTS" IN THE 1. CIA-OPC cases are in State/National Interest Cases (NIC), JIOA admi2n.isPtrraotcivedeufrileess,foRrGad33m0i,ttNanAcRe Sn.otes that the ninth proviso is used if they are "inadmissible" under U.S. law. Sec JIOA Director Daniel Ellis to Navy, Air and Army Chiefs of Procurement, JIOA memo 2758, 16 Novem ber 1950, JIOA administrative files, RG 330, NARS. The CIA "hundred persons act" is sec. 7 of the CIA act of 20 June 1949, 50 USC 403h. 3. Rodal, "Nazi War Criminals in Canada," chap. 7 and notes. 4. For an example of JIOA's sales pitch sec JIOA Director Daniel E. Ellis to Dr. Ernest Hollis, U.S. Office of Education, 31 January 1950, JIOA administrative files, RG 330, NARS. Company lists arc in JIOA post-1952 administrative files (declassified per author's FOIA request), RG 330, NARS. 5. JIOA Director to Chief, Special Procurement Section, Intelligence Division, 17 October 1949, G-2 Paperclip files, RG 319, WNRC. 6. Most CIA-OPC cases were "sponsored" by State, but the military did sponsor some of them-- for example, Air Force cases involving Soviet defectors. See NIC files, JIOA administrative files, RG 330, NARS. 7. Memo, John Russell, U.S. Office of Education, to College and Uni versity Administrators, 28 March 1950, JIOA administrative files, RG 330, NAR8S.. Robert Rice, University of North Carolina, to Colonel Laurin Wil liams, WDGS, 13 February 1948, G-2 Paperclip files, 400.112 Research, RG 319, WNRC; and report by Wilhelm Krauledat, Intelligence Branch, U.S. Army, 26 July 1947, in Adolf von Hoermann's JIOA dossier, RG 330, NAR9S.. Leonard Alberts's Nazi memberships: sec Berlin Document Center report, 2 September 1947; and counterespionage activities, Humphries's quote, and other reports, especially a summary of the investigation from Bechtel Corporation records-- all in Alberts's IRR dossier EZ012128, RG 319, NARS, or his JIOA dossier, RG 330, NARS. 1101.. IFboird.fake ID cards and other information on Langfcld see Goerz Langfcld INSCOM dossier XF.208037; "Hitler's Agent Ensconced in West chester," New York Herald Tribune, 1 August 1940 identifies I.angfeld as being12s.eeFnoratathseumhommareyofofNGazriacaeg-eAnmt.bros history see Joe Conason, "The Corporate State of Grace," Village Voice, 12 April 1983. 13. Krauch-, and Nuremberg document NI-4830. Not es 295 Affairs Sub'811 re?0" ^nd ,quotes are in Sena`e Committee on Military S127R6es 10077 a nddHT6!,.rE^ lemairnmagtWS'n ?o9fthGeCrmnagn )Slosut rsceesss'>fo1r9W45a'rP, p^ts.u1a0n, tp^. SSeeee a|ls5o' iJoSse,aphhi ^BlolBr,km1S', TThhee DCerivmile'saCnhdePmuisntissh(Bmoesntot no:f IBGeaFcoanrbPenre(sLs,o1n9d5o2n) At,,u,bbre,,D, meuStsCchOMLtdd.,,, ,1i9c7,9)X;Er0e2fe1r8e7n7c;es,,,tdo JWIO.AR.obGj'e,,ccteives lists are in Otto sts are in JIOA post-1952 administrative files, RG 330, NARS. 16. For lists of Edgewood Arsenal contracts with W. R. Grace and wdoozoednsAorsfeontahleRr eccoomrdpsa,n"ieisn aUn.dS.uAnirvmerysictiuesstosdeey,"WInNdeRxCt.o Classified Edge- 17. Hunt, "Nazi Covcrup." RG 330KNARs'VUDAW'GMI'Cr 'c^TM"P^l,cl,y WI,h HNearzbi ewrtarAcxrSitmerin'saJls,OisAdUiscsusisesred, Loftus, Belarus Secret, and Simpson, Blowback. OPC history: in Senate tSeelleigcetnCceomAmctiitvtieteietso, FSitnuadlyRGepoovretr,nnmoe.n9ta4l-7O55p.erations With Respect to In 1994488,19Gr -2 PaperCcrlipnenfi,alelsS, `4e0p0h.e1n12ChRaemsebaerrclhin, tRoGFr3a1n9k, WWiNsnReCr,. 18 February 20. Regarding State accelerating visas see JIOA Director Bosquet Wev 11994488,8mimCG-2T Ppa'percliip nfilelsi,8m01C74,C.3D3,ivRisGion3s1'9J, IWOANRTMC.mFoor89r1e,su1lt7s Mofarthche meeting with H. L'Heureux see JIOA Deputy Director C. Welte to JIOA WNRcT ' JUnC 1948' G"2 Paperclip fi,es> 014 32 Research, RG 319, 21. For discussions of the second clause in National Interest policy involving aliens other than Germans employed in civilian agencies, "in con sideration of exceptional services," sec JIC 282/38, JIC memo 285; further .,hV CCOnd part of lhe policy clause >n CCS 334 AArmy rColionel, 7Bern"a'rdmGReGeha2n1.8'FNorARCISA' Acuotuhnosreli'ns tecrovmiemwenwtisthonretCirIeAd thTe liNn Ss , o9(rrt.lhTCr on3Cgt., T1st HsesUs.S,e3C1 oOmc,tnoib,teere 1o9n79t.he Judiciary, Efficiency of vernier j9^ k IaicZyk Got Secret Unit's Aid<" The New York Times, 4 No- 23. For Poles: regarding Jan Kolendo sec JIOA Director R. D Went worth to H. L'Heureux, JIOA memo 3038, 27 July 1949, and regarding Lieutenant General Izydor Modelski see JIOA Director Daniel Ellis to L Heureux, JIOA memo 3857, 22 September 1949, both in JIOA admin istra te files, State/NIC, RG 330, NARS. For Italians, especially Second Campim, see Brigadier General Walter Agee to JIOA, 3 May 1950, JIOA 300 Notes James Riley, U.S. Immigration, 19 June 1952, in JIOA administrative files, RG 330, NARS. 40. Multhopp's Nazi party membership and biography are from Agent Report, signed by Sergeant Cornelius Walsh, 22 December 1949, in Hans Multhopp's INSCOM dossier; and "Martin Company Claims Plane Can Fly From Pentagon," Washington Post, 14 April 1964. 41. On Glenn Martin, Republic Aviation, Kurt Tank, and the ABMA recruiter see memo, Colonel Harlan Holman to Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, 29 August 1957, in ACSI post-1952 Paperclip files, RG 319, WNRC (declassified per author's FOIA request). CHAPTER 10: tSPIES, SPOOKS, AND LSD 1. Seymour Hersh, Chemical and Biological Warfare: America's Hidden Arsenal (New York: Doubleday, 1969). 2. Taylor and Johnson, "Use of Volunteers in Chemical Agent Re search." 3. Author interview with James Stanley. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Author interview with Seymour Silver. 7. Captain Seth Palagi, "Report of Denazification Procedure," 29 Oc tober 1947; and OM G U S Security Report, 25 December 1947--both in the Kurt Rahr JIOA dossier, RG 330, NARS. 8. Lieutenant F. E. Van Sickle, "Memorandum for Post Intelligence," 23 March 1948; Trurnit accusation: CSGID to EUCOM, cable WAR-87364, 30 September 1947-- both in the Kurt Rahr JIOA dossier, RG 330, NARS. 9. Colonel John Wood, Security Report by Employing Agency, 29 March 1948, in the Hans Trurnit INSCOM dossier D184062; and Silver interview. 10. Theodor Wagner-Jauregg's background is from his JIOA dossier, RG 330, NARS; and Silver interview. 11. Information on Friederich Hoffmann: INSCOM dossier 215327144. 12. "The History of Captured Enemy Toxic Munitions in the American Zone, European Theater, May 1945 to June 1947," Office of the Chief of Chemical Corps, Headquarters, EUCOM; and Silver interview. 13. J. H. Wills and I. A. DeArmon, Medical Laboratory Special Report No. 54 (Army Chemical Center, November 1954). 14. "The Army's Human Guinea Pigs," Freedom, August 1979. 15. Ibid. 16. National Research Council, Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Notes 301 Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents, 3 vols. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1984); see vol. 2, p. 36, for mustard experiments. Tabun reference: in L. Wilson Greene, " Psychochemicial Warfare, A New Concept of War," Army Chemical Center report, August 1949. 17. Greene, "Psychochemical Warfare." 18. John Marks, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate (New York: McGraw Hill, 1980). 19. Memo, Colonel Patrick Fokers to Major P. M. Wilson, FIAT, 14 September 1948, in Walter Reppe INSCOM dossier D60608. 20. Interrogation of Karl Tauboeck, September 20 and 21, 1945, M1019, RG 238, NARS; and Tauboeck INSCOM dossier XE187079. 21. Ibid. Tauboeck's CIA connection is from CIA Inspector General Report, 1951, in John Marks files, NSA. 22. Marks, Manchurian Candidate. 23. Ray Treichler's position at Edgewood is noted in "Edgewood Ar senal Quarterly Historical Report," 17 March 1958 and May 1958 (obtained under the FOIA). Hoffmann's CIA connections are in his INSCOM dossier; other individuals' CIA connections are noted in Marks, Manchurian Can didate. 24. Silver interview. 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid.; "Trip Reports," in Friederich Hoffmann's INSCOM dossier. 27. Friederich Hoffmann, William A. Mosher, and Richard Hively, "Isolation of Trans-A6-Tetrahydrocannabinol From Marijuana," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 20 April 1966; author interview with James Moore; and Marks, Manchurian Candidate. 28. See "Bluebird/Artichoke" documents in G-2 "Top Secret" Paper clip files, RG 319, WNRC; and Van Sim, "Trip Report," February 1956 (obtained under the FOIA). 29. Lieutenant Colonel David McFarling, "LSD Follow-up Study Re port," U.S. Army Medical Department, 1980 (obtained under the FOIA). 30. Stanley interview. 31. Information on interrogation teams: in "Project Derby Hat" INSCOM dossier. On the Thornwell case see Thomwell v. U .S., 471 F. Supp. 344 (D .D .C ., 1979); and Thornwell INSCOM dossier HE05255. 32. Minutes of JIOA Liaison Officers Meeting, 15 November 1949, G-2 "Top Secret" Paperclip files, RG 319, WNRC. 33. William Safire, "The German Problem," The New York Times, 2 January 1989. 34. JIOA Liaison Officers Meeting, 15 November 1949. 35. Army officer quote on Schieber and nerve gas reference are in Schiebcr INSCOM dossier D231194. 302 Notes 36. Schieber discusses his Armaments Supply Office activities in "In terview with Walter Schieber," Nuremberg doc. NO-1298, 8 February 1947, and Nuremberg doc. PS-104; arrest report is in Schieber INSCOM dossier. 37. Released from prison reference is in .Agent Report 1-421,7970 CIC Group, 9 September 1949; Lieutenant Colonel Merellat Moses to 7970 CIC Group, 23 March 1948; and cable, Lieutenant Colonel M. C. Taylor to OMGUS, 26 April 1948-- all in the Walter Schieber INSCOM dossier. 38. French attempt: Agent Report 1-421,9 September 1949; spy suspect and arms: Agent Report, 19 December 1949; CIC agent quote: Special CIC Agent Richard Scutt, Agent Report 1-421, 14 December 1949-- all in Walter Schieber INSCOM dossier. 39. Blauer information is from records of his daughter's lawsuit, Barrett v. U .S., 660 F. Supp. 1291 (S.D .N .Y ., 1987) (hereafter cited as Barrett). Martin Lee and Bruce Shlain, Acid Dreams (New York: Grove Press, 1985), p. 38; Amedeo S. Marrazzi, "Trial of EA 1298 at New York State Psychiatric Institute," report to Edgewood's scientific director, 15 January 1953; report, Sidney Maltiz, Acting Principal Research Psychiatrist, New York State Psychiatric Institute, to Van Sim, 16 February 1956; and Van Sim, "Trip Report," February 1956-- all in Barrett. 40. Statistics on experiments: from National Research Council, Dossible Long-Term Health Effects. 41. Taylor and Johnson, "Use of Volunteers in Chemical Agent Re search." 42. Ibid. 43. National Research Council, Possible Long-Term Health Effects, vol. 2, pp. 52--53, 64, 65, and 67-68. 44. Ibid., p. 248 (dioxin), 135, 156, and 163. CS experiments: "Op eration Black Magic," Edgewood Arsenal report, January-May 1959. 45. Bonner v. U .S., CIV 81-16 3 (E.D .N .C ., 1981) (hereafter cited as Bonner). A complete report of Bonner's experiment is contained in Stuart Karger, "Incapacitating Dose of CAR 302,668 in Man, and Efficacy of Physostigmine as an Antidote," Edgewood Arsenal Technical Memorandum 114-20, August 1968. 46. Jim Santori, "Private War of Ken Loch," Southern Illinoisan, 20 December 1981. 47. Ibid. 48. Reference to grand mal seizures is in McFarling, "LSD Follow-up Study," pp. 2 and 35; other effects are noted in National Research Council, Possible Long-Term Health Effects. 49. Bonner. 50. McFarling, "LSD Follow-up Study" (suicide attempts), pp. 21 and 53. Notes 303 51. For Army denials see Loeh v. U .S., CIV 77-2065-B (S.D. 111., 1977). 52. Stanley interview. CHAPTER 11: PIPELINE TO THE ALAMAC HOTEL 1. Contract terms with Alamac Hotel is in "Minutes of JIOA Liaison Officers Meeting," 26 February 1951, G-2 Paperclip files, RG 319, WNRC. The Alamac Hotel is now a condominium complex. 2. Detailed statistical reports are in JIOA post-1952 administrative files, RG 330, NARS. 3. For a copy of a Project 63 flyer with contract information see State fiche, RG 59, NARS. Policy: JCS 1363/75, RG 218, NARS. 4. Special Projects Team reports are in ACSI post-1952 Paperclip files, RG 319, WNRC. 5. Author interview with retired Army Master Sergeant George Meidlein. 6. Information on Neumaier, Ulm, Lohninger, and other Austrians is in "Austrian Scientists," IRR dossier, RG 319, NARS. 7. lirnest Richter, Special Projects Team, trip report to ACSI, 16 April 1957, ACSI post-1952 Paperclip files, RG 319, WNRC. 8. Information on Krejci-Graf and Kress: see "Austrian Scientists." 9. Memo, Colonel Lewis Perry to ACSI, 6 July 1951, JIOA adminis trative files, RG 330, NARS. 10. Ibid. 11. Houdremont was tried in Nuremberg, case 10, U.S. v. Krupp et al., M896, RG 238, NARS. Quote is from Minutes of JIOA Liaison Officers Meeting, 2 February 1951, G-2 Paperclip files, RG 319, WNRC. 12. Minutes of JIOA Liaison Officers Meeting, 2 February 1951. 13. Ibid. On Kamptner see AC of S report, USFA Headquarters, 29 August 1950, in Kamptner INSCOM dossier XE271686. 14. Minutes of JIOA Liaison Officers Meeting, 2 February 1951. 15. Blome information: Hunt, "U.S. CoverupofNazi Scientists." Orig inal Alsos interrogation: Kurt Blome INSCOM dossier XE001248. 16. Hunt, "U.S. Coverup of Nazi Scientists." Blome court decision: Brandt. 17. Hunt, "U.S. Coverup of Nazi Scientists." Fort Detrick interro gation: Blome's INSCOM dossier. 18. For copies of contracts see Kurt Blome's INSCOM dossier and his JIOA dossier, RG 330, NARS. 19. Memo, Dr. J. B. Koepfli to State Department, 6 April 1951. See