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FILE NAME Caterpillar CAT DATE 2010 July 30 DOC CAT056 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Consultant Report - Fiber Release During Activities Involving a Caterpillar Brake Brand Report of Results MVA8473 Fiber Release During Activities Involving a Caterpillar Brake Band Prepared for The Simmons Firm 707 Berkshire Blvd. E. Alton IL 62024 Respectfully Submitted by Steven P. Compton Ph.D. Research Scientist James R. Millette Ph.D. Executive Director MVA Scientific Consultants 3300 Breckinridge Boulevard Suite 400 Duluth GA 30096 8473report073010 30 July 2010 M MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Report of Results MVA8473 Fiber Release During Activities Involving a Caterpillar Brake Band Introduction This report presents the results of a study of asbestos fiber release during several activities involving a Caterpillar brake band The Caterpillar brake band used in the study was one of three Caterpillar bands received at MVA Scientific Consultants on 2 July 2010 from Gary Fletcher of The Simmons Firm According to the information provided the Caterpillar brake bands were 1970 items from D4 and D6 crawlers They had been purchased from an equipment companyin Illinois in June of 2010 The bands were assigned the unique MVA laboratory sample numbers V1257 through V1259 The two smaller brake units V1257 and V1258 appear to be similar in size Figure ) They each form a circle that is approximately 8-10 inches in diameter The width of the brake material and the metal band is approximately 27/8 inches The metal band is approximately 5/32 inch thick and the brake material is about 1/4 inch at its thickest One end is thinner where it has worn The larger brake unit forms a circle approximately 13-15 inches in diameter Figure 2 The width of the brake material and the metal band is approximately 3inches The metal band tapers from approximately 1/4 inch to 32 inches thick The thickest part of the brake material is approximately 7/32 inch thick The samples were analyzed for asbestos and one band V1257 was tested to determine fiber release during rivet removal drilling cleaning with compressed air and cutting with an abrasive blade The experiment was performed on 22 July 2010. Sample numbers for the air samples collected during the activities are shown in Table 1. The analyses were done in the MVA laboratory during the period 8 July through 30 July 2010 Methods The brake bands were initially examined under an Olympus SZ stereomicroscope Portions of the particulate were mounted in appropriate refractive index liquids for analysis using an Olympus BH polarized light microscope PLM The PLM analysis followed the analytical procedures recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1 The PLM results for asbestos are given in terms of percent by volume In order to concentrate possible amphibole material for analysis an base digestion procedure 2 3 was used to eliminate the soluble fraction A portion of sample V1257 was ashed and the residue remaining was transferred to a 100 ml bottom flask containing 80 ml of acid 2N H2SO4 and fitted with a reflux condenser The suspension was boiled for one hour The residue was collected by centrifugation and the reflux procedure was repeated with sodium hydroxide 4N The residue was then suspended 4 8473report073010 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 2 of 14 in water and a known aliquot was extracted and filtered through a 0.22 mpore size filter The filter was dried and grids prepared following standard direct preparation procedures ISO10312 ISO10312 for analysis by transmission electron microscopy TEM using a Philips EM420 100 kV transmission electron microscope TEM equipped with an Oxford EDS energy dispersive spectrometry ray analysis system A laboratory blank sample following all the procedures except the addition of test material was prepared in a similar way The TEM results for asbestos are given in terms of percent by weight The air samples collected during the studies were analyzed using the phase contrast microscopy PCM NIOSH Method 7400 and transmission electron microscopy TEM NIOSH Method 7402 procedures Study Design This fiber release study involved rivet removal drilling cleaning with compressed air and cutting the brake band with an abrasive blade in a controlled area while air samples were collected Mr. Chris Pasquale CIH of Compass Environmental Inc. of Kennesaw GA performed the activities Air samples were collected in the breathing zone on both sides of the worker Mr. Pasquale while the activities were performed Area air samples were collected approximately 5 feet from the activities The sample collection period for each test is shown in Table 2 A peen hammer and drift punch were used to remove the rivets from the brake unit Holes were drilled in the composite brake material using a drill press Central Machinery Model 44506 Compressed air 60 psi was used to blow the debris off the brake material and the equipment after removal of the rivets and drilling the holes A hand grinding tool with a 3.5 cm diameter abrasive blade was used to make one cut across the brake piece The flow rates of the two personal samples collected for each test were 0.52 and 1.91 liters per minute The area sample was collected at 5 liters per minute Study Site The study was conducted in a specially built test chamber in Duluth Georgia The test chamber work area was approximately 9 ft high by 10 ft wide by 12 ft long The study area had a High Efficiency Particulate Absolute HEPA air filtration device AFD which was used to clean the area of particulate including asbestos before and between the two activities of compressed air blowing and cutting The HEPA unit ran at a low flowrate during each test and then at a high flow between the compressed air clean and drilling tests The HEPA unit ran at a high flow during the cutting test While inside the study area Mr. DePasquale was protected by an air purifying respirator and complete head and body coverings 8473report073010 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 3 of 14 Results The Caterpillar brake band tested Sample V1257 is a composite material Figures 3 and 4 Polarized light microscopy PLM bulk analysis showed it to contain approximately 40-60 chrysotile asbestos by volume TEM analysis following the matrix dissolution treatment showed sample V1257 to contain approximately 0.01 actinolite amphibole asbestos by weight The bulk sample analysis results are summarized in Table 1 No asbestos was detected in the blank samples or in the sample collected in the chamber before the testing began No asbestos was detected in the abrasive disc used for cutting The asbestos level in the breathing zone of the worker during rivet removal was 0.2 fiber cc during drilling was 0.2 cc during cleaning with compressed air was approximately 3 cc and during cutting with an abrasive disc was 48 cc The area sample approximately 5 feet away collected during the combined task of rivet removal drilling and cleaning was 0.6 cc The asbestos level during cutting with an abrasive disc was 6 cc at a distance of approximately 5 feet away The asbestos fiber per cc values were calculated using the average PCM NIOSH 7400 values multiplied by the TEM NIOSH 7402 percent asbestos determinations The basic data are shown in Table 2 Representative photographs and micrographs taken during the study are shown in Figures 5 through 12. Representative TEM images of asbestos fibers released during the activities are shown in Figures 13 through 15 References 1. U. Environmental Protection Agency Test Method EPA 116 -- Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Building Materials 2. Analysis of Amphibole Asbestos in Chrysotile and Other Minerals by J. Addison and L.S.T. Davies Ann Occup Hyg Vol 34. No. 2. pp 159-175 1990 3. Millette JR A. Harmon P. Few W.L. Turner Jr. and W.R. Boltin Analysis of amphibole asbestos in containing ores and a manufactured asbestos product Microscope 19-22 2009 8473report073010 M-- MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 4 of 14 Table 1. Bulk Sample Information and Results MVA MVA V1257 V1258 V1259 Information Sample Information | Caterpillar Brake Band 8-10 inches Dia | Caterpillar Brake Band 8-10 inches Dia | Caterpillar Brake Band 13-15 inches Dial PLM Analysis Results % Chrysotile 40-60 15-25 | 40-60 NA - Not Analyzed TEM Analysis Results % Amphibole Amphibole 0.01 NA NA 8473report073010 MA MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 5 of 14 Table 2. Results of Asbestos Analysis During Rivet Removal Drilling Cleaning with Compressed Air and Cutting with an Abrasive Disc MVA # V1383 Description Before Activities | | | Duration | Volume | 7400 | 7402 Minutes Liters cc Asb 60 300 NA | % AHERA Str BDL 0.01 V1420 Rivet Removal Personal Pers 8 15.28 | 0.21 | 83 NA V1421 Rivet Removal Pers 00 4.16 | BDL NA NA V1422 Drilling Pers 00 15.28 | 0.32 75 NA V1423 Drilling Pers 00 4.16 BDL NA NA V1424 | Cleaning Compressed 3 5.73 | 4.52 NA NA Air Pers V1425 Cleaning Compressed 3 1.56 | 3.85 | 73 NA Air Pers V1426 Cutting with Abrasive 3 5.73 35 NA NA Disc Pers V1427 Cutting with Abrasive 3 1.56 62 | 100 NA Disc Pers V1428 Blank Filter 0 0 - % NA V1429 Blank Filter 0 0 - NA V1430 | Rivet Removal Drilling 22 110 0.55 | 99 NA 1 minute of Cleaning and change of samplers Area V1431 Cutting with Abrasive 3 Disc Area 15 6.04 | 100 NA NA - Not Analyzed 8473report073010 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 6 of 14 MVA8473 V1257 V1258 0715 0014 Figure 1. Caterpillar Brake Band Samples V1257 left and V1258 right ? MVA8473 V1259 0715 Figure 2. Caterpillar Brake Band Sample V1259 8473report073010 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 7 of 14 7 Figure 3. Close view ofa piece of Caterpillar Brake Band Sample V1257 MVA8473 V1257 0708 002 . Figure 4. Close view ofa piece of Caterpillar Brake Band Sample V1257 8473report073010 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 8 of 14 8473report073010 Figure 6. Drilling Caterpillar Brake Band MA MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 9 of 14 Figure 7. Using compressed air in cleaning up the dust and debris from removing rivets and drilling the Caterpillar Brake Band Figure 8. Using compressed air in cleaning up the dust and debris from removing rivets and drilling the Caterpillar Brake Band Tyndall beam on 4 8473report073010 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 10 of 14 Figure 9. Cutting the Caterpillar Brake with an abrasive disc No Tyndall beam Figure 10. Cutting the Caterpillar Brake with an abrasive disc No Tyndall beam 8473report073010 4 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 11 of 14 Figure 11. Room air in Tyndall beam after cutting the Caterpillar Brake with an abrasive disc TyndTaylnldall Lighting Figure 12. Room air without Tyndall beam after cutting the Caterpillar Brake with an abrasive disc Image from less than 1 minute after image shown in Figure 11 M-- 8473report073010 MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 12 of 14 Figure 13. TEM image of chrysotile asbestos fiber released to the air during drilling of Caterpillar brake material Figure 14. TEM image of chrysotile asbestos fiber released to the air during cutting of Caterpillar brake material 8473report073010 MA MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 13 of 14 Figure 15. TEM image of chrysotile asbestos fiber released to the air during cutting of Caterpillar brake material 8473report073010 MA MVA SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Page 14 of 14