Document 1g19xLQjyp2jo3E7x65axR3Xj

FILE NAME: Gardner Denver (GD) DATE: 1937 July DOC#: GD001 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article with Advertisements - "Past, Present & Future of the Occupational-Disease Situation" IT Published on the tenth of each month for producers and manu facturers of Cement, Crushed Stone, , Gypsum, Lime, S a n d , Gravel and other nonmetallic min erals. Copyrighted 1937 by Com plete Service Publishing Co., 538 South Clark Street, Chicago, III. o H. W . BA U M G A R T N E R Pretidenl STANLEY A. PHILLIPS Vict-Prciidtnl and Directing Editor Field Editor: W . E. TRAUFFER A uU lart Editor: H A R R Y F. UTLEY C ontributing Editor: W IL H E L M C A R L RIETH CircuUtion Meneger: W . T. K LU SSM A N Advertising Manager: J A M ES E. M O N T G O M E R Y Telephone HARrlson 9357 Chicago, III. Eastern Advertising Manager: W. A. BUSCHMAN Room 420, 122 East 42nd St. Telephone CALedonia 5-4438 New York, N. Y. Central Advertising Manager: W. H. SANDERSO N Auditorium Bldg. Telephone CHerry 6339 Cleveland, O. Advertising Representatives: PRANK G. LAUGHTON New York, N, Y. D. R. EGBERT Chicago, III. Field Representatives: A. C. PETERSEN J. K. G A R E S C H E CONTENTS News of the Industry ............................ 29 Editorial: Intimidation in Labor Disputes .. .34 Reports Presented at A. S. T. M. Meeting. .36 Special Cement-Mill Section ................... 37 Marquette Completes Part of Improvemenf Program ................................ 43 Closed-Circuit Grinding with Air Se p a ra to rs.....................................S3 Separators Improve Grinding Efficiency. 63 Saying in Air-Compressor Applications. . .67 Cement as Engineering Material to Stay. .71 Bowl Mills and Recuperators Responsible for Power and Fuel Savings ............. 73 The Autoclave-- -New Cement Soundless T e s t ............................................... 77 Crusher Changes Affect Entire Plant....... 79 Past, Present and Future of the Occupa tional-Disease Situa tion..................... 83 News and Views from the C a p it a l............86 The Future of Labor Relations..................89 Regulating Hours In the Aggregates I n d u s t r y .................................. 91 Research fn Industrial Sand Industry.......... 93 Profitable New Products Section ............. 97 A Product Easy to Enthuse A b o u t !........ 98 Steel Industry Uses Own Slag in Concrete J00 Truck-Mixer and Agitator Standards____102 Men of the Industry..................... 107 ^ hu a \ Personal Mention ........................108 W > / Foreign Developments ................... 109 M ?cutATy lf Traffic News Digest.....................110 New Machinery and Supplies........... 112 J'tPast/ Present and Future of the Occupational-Disease Situation y C. O. SAPPINGTON/ M. D. insulting Industrial Hygienist OU will recall in your high-school history courses that this study was divided into several parts, one per(piining to ancient history, one to medie val history and another to modern his tory. It will be rather convenient in ^presenting this review of the occupa wtional disease situation to make compar isons between these kinds of history and e periods of evolution through which have passed with regard to occupa tional-disease conceptions. JiOur past experiences may well be , mpared to the period of ancient his`ry and this period may also well be lied the stage of guesswork and hys- ia. Your interest and the interest of pst people has been in the spectacular, d, in fact, this has been the basis for prnpensation laws in regard to mechan- injuries. There is nothing spectacjr about occupational disease in the jin and so your main interest has been laws or in problems because people ye continued to be crippled and killed mechanical forces. There is no such ect appeal with regard to occupajal disease. Then along came the , ;pression with the effect of producing .number of spurious cases, which re nted in a great burden being placed lindustry in regard to the economic ation. addition to these factors there has n a lack of general knowledge and .Jtrained men in the field of occupaBal-disease difficulties. All these fac.'I have resulted in the production of dgies and unrest, hence the reason for Implying the name of guesswork and iSteria to this period of evolution in Upational diseases as the stage. .'Ur present experience may well be ?ned to the period of medieval his/* It is now believed that we have 4 e somewhat past the bogy stage, a swing" to the factual and this ~5 may well be called the stage of As evidence of the swing to .factual, last year occupational-dis,compensation legislation was in duced in more than forty states and j^Pclivered before the Engineering Division, ^ter Chicago Safety Council, Dec. 17, 1936. .1937 as a result of this activity a number of states have actually passed laws, includ ing Illinois. In this stage, when emphasis will be placed upon factual evidence, plant sur veys and studies have become more popular; examinations, including Xrays and clinical laboratory tests, have now come into use more widely. These devices will be used more and more to get facts in this stage of reality. The future, which overlaps somewhat upon the present and includes develop ments in the immediate offing, may well be likened to the period of modern his tory. This may be called the stage of progress. I predict that compensation for occupational-disease disability will be general in the United States within the next five years, that physical exam inations will become universal within the next ten years, and along with this will be an increased use of surveys and studies of industrial environment. As a practical outline of important sources of difficulty relating to occupa tional diseases, let us merely mention the following: f 1. Dust (silica and asbestos-contain ing dusts). 'n 2. Metals (lead, cadmium, chro mium, mercury, thallium). 3. Gases (carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, arsine, the nitrous group, cyanogen compounds). 4. Vapors and solvents (benzol and its homologues, the chlorinated hydro carbons, and others). 5. Skin irritants (soaps and cleansing powders, dyes, oils and greases, dusts and powders, solvents, agents of infec tion). This is not in any way to be con sidered an exhaustive list, but a number of the "high points" of importance have been picked as the chief possibilities or probabilities relating to occupational dis ease and these have been mentioned. It is significant in this connection that when the U. S, Public Health Service made a cross-sectional survey of in dustries and published its results in the year 1934, it was discovered that in order of frequency the chief exposures HI l l i u u s u y t i c a* iUiujvva. l u u t ^ a i u t dusts, carbon monoxide, and lead. There are, of course, a numbei ol others, but these are the chief types ol exposure encountered in American in dustry and those which are likely to give difficulty. It is good to remember that this cross-sectional survey was made in ten different industries, embracing 615 plants and involving 28,000 em ployees. It has been well said that the best criterion of an occupational-disease haz ard is the occurrence of occupational disease; but none of us can afford to wait, I take it, for disease to occur. At this point it might be well to make a distinction between the two words ex posure and hazard, simply because, as the U. S. Public Health Service has pointed out, if a man is exposed to lead, carbon monoxide or to inorganic dusts, it does not mean that he is ex posed to a hazard. More must be known than the mere fact of exposure; we must know the quality and quantity of exposure and then, when compared with criteria which have already been established in the production of disease, we shall be able to say whether or not a real hazard exists. Remember that a hazard is always an exposure; an ex posure is not always a hazard. Here are some concrete suggestions which are boiled down to very brief expressions, but which contain the real essence of prevention of occupational disease: 1. Find out the exposure and the hazard in your plants. 2. Examine your men (before em ployment, during employment on haz ardous jobs, and at the time of discon tinuance of employment). The exam inations will be different for different types of exposure; obviously an exam ination for a dust occupation will not suffice for a lead occupation. 3. Correlate cause and effect factors from the information gained by scien tific study of the industrial environment and the medical data accruing from examinations and laboratory tests. 4. Control or eliminate the hazard, or furnish adequate protection for your men. Another way of stating the above suggestions forcibly is as follows: Man agement must kjiotv its men, materials, methods, and machines. In summary, the occupational-disease situation has become a national ques tion; it involves socio-economic prob lems of tremendous significance; it pre sents difficulties no greater than any other industrial problem if the same amount of time, money and quality ol brains are used, as have been applied in the past to similar industrial situ ations. 83 TIMKEN Bits meet every need The TIM KEN Rock Bit range includes types and sizes for every drilling condition that may be encountered. TIM KEN Bits are made in three different types-- cross, rose and chisel-- available with either center or side hole in all required gauges. There is only one quality however, and that is the highest that can be produced. TIM KEN means as much in rock bits in this respect as it does in tapered roller bearings. To get this superior quality and the advantages that go with it-- including streamlined design, faster drill ing and more footage per bit-- you pay a little more for TIM KEN Bits-- but you will find them cheaper in the long run. If you are not using TIM KEN Bits you are losing a modern opportunity to reduce your drilling costs. W hy not give them a tryout now? W e are ready to conduct a demonstration whenever you say the word. THE TIMKEN ROLLER BEARING COMPANY, CANTON, OHIO Manufacturers of Timken Tapered Roller Bearings for automobiles, motor trucks, railroad cars and locomotives and all kinds of industrial machinery; Timken Alloy Steels and Carbon and Alloy Seam less Tubing; and Timken Rock Bits. * TRADE-M ARK REG. U. S. PAT. O FF. TIMKEN ROCK BITS JStULCUna a jjaoxez a z iu to one xm na M aking it so th a t it w ill stan d up is anoth< That's why [ngersoll-Rand pistons pass through 48 operations !n their manufacture PIECE by piece the parts of a rock drill look simple and easy to make--but looks are deceiving. No other machine has to withstand the abuse of modern drills. Consider the piston of the DA-35 drifter; one end operates at a freezing temperature, the other, frequently at 250 F. It must deliver heavy blows, at the rate of about 2000 per minute (depending on conditions)--millions of these impacts during its lifetime. It receives 48 separate machining, testing and heat treating operations and is actually being worked on 55 hours in the course of its manufacture. During the last thirty years there has been a tenfold increase in drilling speed--the life span of parts has been lengthened-- dependability has grown progressively greater--upkeep costs have steadily decreased. Credit for this great improvement is due in a large measure to Ingersoll-Rand research and development. I-R PRODUCTS `coolers sron Pum ps era ti" C ore D rills C om pressors C ondensers D rill Steel & "Jackbits" E n g in es H oists R efrigeration U nits Paving Sneakers Rock Drills P n eu m atic Tools Rock DrillAccessories Receivers, Air & Gas Tie T am pers Vacuum Pum ps 513-5 tifa i These numbers on a enable us to determ) exact batch of ste* which it was made, i as all ofthe pertinenti concerning th e fo: machining, heat-tn inspection and test part. REASONS WHY THE DA-35 PISTON STANDS-UP A Metallurgical specifications for each piston incorporate 60 years of accumulated ex perience. No steel for any other purpose whatever, is " selected as carefully as the material that goes in rock drill pistons. Composition is controlled with unbelievable accuracy. Each batch must pass a physical inspection, chemi cal analysis and an elaborate hardenabihty test before it leaves the mill. Proper heat-treating is a highly technical operation. The handling of this step in the manufacture of 1-R drills is entrusted only to specially trained metallurgists. A correct design, highly skilled craftsmen an d a tho ro u g h ly m odern p lan t a n d equip ment insure a superior product. Sizes are held to one-half of one-thousandth of an inch (.0005") variation. % Every finished piston is tested in a specially developed magnetic testing machine, which gives what we call "a mechanical X-ray", in d ic a tin g the d ep th oi h a rd n e ss and the The MORE Hydraulic C olumn . .M ORE pefc News of interest to Centrifugal Pump Users C id J U c ifG fid l d o lla r W ITH WHITCOMB LOCOMOTIVES "Full of Grit" ___ This Morris Centrifugal Pump is certainly "full of g rit"-- literally as well as figuratively. The stamina which has enabled it to operate with complete satisfac tion on this difficult slurry-handling service is typical of the quality built into all Morris Pumps. Have you the Morris bulletins on pumps for your requirements? If not, be sure to write for copies. Efficiency curves should have i plateaus-- not peaks . . . . i If a centrifugal pump has an efficiency curve that drops ! off sharply from both sides of the maximum, the slight- i est change of pressure or capacity will cause a marked | loss of efficiency. Morris Pumps have flat efficiency | curves, which means that they may be operated over a | range of conditions without material decrease of effi- { ciency. If you want centrifugal pumps with this help ful characteristic, be sure to get a Morris Quotation. 1 Bulletins on request. For a u th o rita tiv e reco m m en d a tio n on a n y p u m p in g or dredging p r o b l e m , u r i t e to M o r r is A f a c h in e W o r k s , ft a ld u in s v lllc , .V. V. R e p re sen ta tives in P rincipal C ities Stop lighting ground resistance, road washouts, high up-keep cost of equipment, and extra man power. Let one operator, with a Whitcomb Locomotive, haul more tonnage at one time than a whole fleet ol individual haulage machines. Over half a century of experience has proven the unequalled stamina and efficiency oi Whitcomb Locomotives. They give you un interrupted service for more years with lower up-keep cost. New methods make track moving or shifting faster, easier and cheaper than ever. Whitcomb Locomotives are sturdy, compact machines, properly balanced for rough, temporary tracks. They have plenty of power to move the load with speed and economy. Let our engineers survey your haulage re quirements and estimate the savings you can make with Whitcomb equipment. A SIZE AND TYPE TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS Gasoline or Diesel Mechanical Drive Gasoline or Diesel Electric Drive Electric Storage Battery Electric Trolley Combination Trolley -- Storage Battery THE WHITCOMB LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY Plant at Rochelle/ Illinois S u b sid iary of The B aldw in locom otive W orks All s a le s m a d e b y The B aldw in Locom otive W orks, P asch all S tation Post Office, P h ila d elp h ia. P en n sy lv an ia. A GARDNER DENVER AIR COMPRESSOR An improved, accurately balanced compressor suit* able for a wide variety of services. Made in all commercial sizes. Rugged--built for heavy-duty, full-load service and continuous operation. Low power costs . . . electro pneumatic control auto matically controls current consumption in accord ance with air demand. Timken Tapered Adjustable Roller Bearings. W rite for bulletin giving full details 0 Flpet of rock excavating unit*, with T44 hoists. This type of body can bo furnished with down-folding tailgate as shown, or with scoop end. GAR WOOD INDUSTRIES, INC. 7924 R io p e lle St. Detroit, Mich. W O R L D 'S L A R G E S T M A N U F A C T U R E R O F T RUCK EQUIPMENT -- Hoisis, Bodies, Tanks, W i n c h e s a n d C ra nes Also: Trailbuilders, Bulldozers and Hydraulic Scrapers H orizontal A ir Com pressor B in es 1859 GARDNER-DENVER COMPANY Quincy, Illinois GRRDRER-DERVER