Document 1XYqQyN2VOjBkJMMe7QawrGj

HLORINATED 773925 /f ' \V \ Capacitor Products Dept. September, 1975 t TADLE OF CONTENTS 1. What are PCD's 2. Chemical Diagrams (Homologs) of Type 1016 PCB 3. History and Use of PCD's 4. Alternatives - Advantages and Disadvantages 5. Environmental Considerations 6 Actions UENP 005275 VIHAT ARE TCP's? Family of synthetic non-flauvnable Insulating fluids Diphenyl + Chlorine PCD (210 Isomers and homologs) Insulating Characteristics High dielectric constant Low dielectric loss Stable under electrical stress Resistant to high temperatures Non-gassing corona extinguishing Hydrolysis resistant Chemical and Physical Characteristics of 1016 Odorless colorless oil High boiling point (>3Q0C). Heavier than water (density 1.36 gm/cc) Low water solubility ( ~ 2 0 0 ppb) Relatively Inert and unreactlve Non-fl amiable v j U i i N i vr\Jw>Z,/VJ 773927 MONOCIILOR PRINCIPAL PCB HOMOLUGS IN MCS-1016 AROCHLOR OICNLOR VJ u i njt UUDZ/ / CCC0SOD0I TRICIILOR TETRACHLOR -- *-'1 1 X 773929 HISTORY w USE Discovery & Development of Applications 1. Developed In the late 1920's by Tederal Phosphorus Co. and Swann Research Co. (later purchased by Monsanto In the early 1930's). Z. Material first presented to General Electric Co. for possible electrical applications soon after discovery In late 1920's. 3. First Introduced In Impregnated capacitors In 1931 by General Electric Co. as a replacement for mineral oil. 4. Conversion by major manufacturers of Impregnated capacitors from 1931 to 1936. Gy 1936 ->90% of Impregnated capacitors utilized Monsanto type 1254 PCD. 5. Introduction to liquid filled transformers of type 1260 PCD by General Electric Co. In the early 1930's. 6. Other applications developed by Monsanto during the 1930's Included: Heat Exchanger Fluid Use as Hydraulic Fluid Carbonless Reproducing Paper Paints and Specialty Inks a 7. Phase out by Monsanto of all other PCD applications except dielectrics (capacitors and transformers). In 1970 other applications amounted to approximately 45% and by 197Z they were reduced to almost zero. 773930 'ix Use In the Capacitor Department 1. First power capacitors Impregnated with 1Z54 PCD manufactured at Pittsfield, Hass. In 1931. Principal capacitor Impregnant by 1936. Z. Introduction of low temperature 1436 PCD In early 1940's. 3. Capacitor Department moved from Pittsfield, Mass, to Hudson Falls, H. Y. (Power 1951, Small Industrial 1946). 4. Change from 1Z54 to 1Z4Z PCB's for economic considerations during early 1950's. 5. Change from 1Z00 series to 1016 PCD's for environmental considerations (greater blodegradablllty) In October 1971. Liquid Cost Refining Ease Impregnation Cost Product Reliability Capacitor Cost Capacitor Size f Corona Resistance Flamnablllty Envlronmental Sultab111ty PCB's vs. ALTERNATIVE FLUIDS Mineral PCB oil Econol 3 1Z 1 1Z IZ 3 1z 3 14 Z 1 4. z 143 1 4. 4 41Z Monsanto 1230 4 3 2(?) 2(7) 3 Z Z 4 2(7) U t l l N r UUDZU 773931 (Numbers Indicate relative rank from best to worst.) (jbN FU U 528i 773932 ENVIRONMENTAL c o n s i d e r a t i o n s Background - Persistent In the environment as a result of stability and low water solubility - Widely dispersed In the environment due to past usage history Accumulates In fatty tissue because of high oil solubility Toxicity Hazard Aquatic life - Concentration factors and LCBO's measured Tor many species, usually with Arochlor 1242 and 1254 # not i0l6. Marnnals - Feeding studies conducted with various species, usually at high levels In the diet and with high chlorine content Arochlor, Observed have been liver changes, low weight gains, skin reddening, loss of hair. Additional work In progress Han - Based upon the Japanese MYusho" Incident, the FDA established tentative tolerances for various foods. Chloracne has been observed In some workers, 773933 GENP 005282 ACTIONS Prior to August, 1975 1. Manifold System for Filling large Power Capacitors During the late 1960's and early 1970*s a manifold system was Implemented to Impregnate large power capacitors by use of a sealed connection. This has eliminated the PCD dis charges associated with the previous flood fill process. Z. Change from type 1242 to 1016 PCB liquid In October 1971 the Capacitor Department changed from the higher chlorinated 1242 PCB to the less chlorinated type 1016. The 1016 type has similar chemical characteristics with the advantages of greater bfodegradablllty and reduced toxicity. 3. Elimination of PCB Discharges from Wash Machines Two wash machines are utilized to clean the PCO's from Small Industrial capacitors following the flood fill Impregnation process. Three years ago machines were Implemented to drain excess PCB's from the cover depressions prior to sealing and washing. Until two years ago rinse water from these machines was discharged to the drain system. It Is now recycled, as 1s the wash water, and Incinerated when saturated with PCO's. 4. Detailed Analysis & Recomnendatlon Report In dune 1975 a detailed study was published by Clark Dietz and Assoc. This study, funded by the Capacitor Dept,, Is a thorough survey of the wastewater systems of the Hudson Falls and Fort Edward plants Including extensive measurements of PCD discharges. Included In this report are detailed reconmendatlons to reduce total PCO discharges from both plants to below 80 grams per day. 77393* GENP 005283 5. Segregation of Process Hater from Storm Hater During the past year an extensive program has been Implemented to separate process water from other discharges to facilitate removal of PCB's. This Included the repfplng of storm drains and adding dams to floor trenches 1n areas where PCB's are used. 6. Development of ECONOl As an alternate to PCB's as a capacitor Inpregnant the Capacitor Department developed and Implemented the use of a non-tox1c ester. Facilities are now 1n place to produce approximately 1 million ECONOL capacitors per year. 7. Spill Prevention At the Hudson Falls Plant a curbing has been placed around the PCD storage tanks. This prevents surface water drainage from this area and provides a means of containing potential spills. Actions to be Completed by Year End 1975 1. Monitoring Stations on Wastewater Discharge Automatic monitoring stations are being installed on the wastewater discharges of both the Hudson Falls and Fort Edward Plant. These stations will provide an around the clock composite sample for PCB analysis. 773935 GENP 005284 Z. Containment of PCB Discharges from Water Seal Vacuum Pumps The (Z) automatic treat machines at the Fort Edward Plant utilizes water seal vacuum pumps that presently discharge a large volume of water to the drain. Equipment Is now being procured to provide a reclculatlng water system for these puntps. 3. Control of Discharges from Hash and laboratory Sinks By the containment of discharges and controlled use of sinks PfcB discharges from the washing of hands ore being eliminated. 4. Containment of Solid Haste Contaminated with PCB's Presently all scrap capac1tors9 filter media and other PCD contaminated solids are being collected In resealable 55 gallon steel drums at both plants. This will be continued for a period of time to analyze costs and disposition requirements for filled drums. -