Document 1Qz1Z57o57OaQnDxdyEg63BZ5
AR226-2619
a7
i
i
;
}
2003-DuET-??
DRAFT
AR226-2619
Distribution on last page
DuPont Engineering Technologies Wastewater Group Brandywine DuPont Company
Carbon Adsorption Isotherm Evaluation for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) In Samples From Chambers Works Wastewater Treatment
Facility
Final Report
Work Done By:
Report Written By: Previous Related Reports:
Project Code: Period Covered: Notebook Numbers: Date of Issue: Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Stephen Constable, Lynn DeKleva, Barbara Larsen, Stan Bachmura, R. K. Bell, Mark Richmond, Steve Breske Stephen Constable Validation of Liquid Chromatography (LC) Analysis with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) In Samples From Chambers Works Wastewater Treatment Facility, Analysis of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) In Samples From The Chambers Works Wastewater Treatment Facility
06/2003-09/2003 E93384FC 5/31/04 Maria Angelo, Steve Breske, Mark Richmond, Irene Legeic, Bob Reich, Paul Jann, Charlie Zarzecki, Bill Berti, John Gannon, Mary Kaiser, Carl Camp N/A
Information in this report is proprietary and should be handled according to the designated Proprietary Information Protection (PIP) classification listed below.
Abstract : Carbon adsorption isotherms were determined for synthetic salt solution,
primary clarifier effluent, primary clarifier underflow and mixed secondary/tertiary aerator solid samples taken from the Chambers Works wastewater treatment system. These tests show that the powdered activated carbon used by Chambers Works, primary clarifier and the combined aerator solids adsorb PFOA.
Keywords carbon adsorption isotherms, perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA)
[Enter PIP Class]
1
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Table of Contents
1 AJjiLcj 01' CONTENTS .,,.. 2
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................... 3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS..........................................................................................................................3
THE ISOTHERM TESTS SHOWED THAT THE VIRGIN PAC USED BY THE CW SET SYSTEM IS CAPABLE OF
ADSORPTION OF PFOA IN PRIMARY CLARIFIER EFFLUENT OR IN A SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER SIMULATING
TERTIARY SET EFFLUENT. THE SET MLSS AND PRIMARY CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW SAMPLES ALSO SHOW
SIMILAR BEHAVIOR, THOUGH IN THESE EXPERIMENTS THEY HAD A LOWER CAPACITY ON A UNIT DRY
WEIGHT BASIS FOR PFOA ADSORPTION THAN VIRGIN PAC..................................................................... 3
PATENT SITUATION ........................................................................................................................................... 3
PROGRAM .........................................................................................................................................................3
PUBLICATION STATUS ....................................................................................................................................... 3
4
PERSONNEL.......................................................................................................................................................
SAFETY AND WASTE DISPOSAL......................................................................................................................... 4
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................................. 4
4
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..........................................................................................................................................
4
SIGNATURES......................................................................................................................................................
TEST SUBSTANCE
6
...............................................................................................................................................
Reagents and Solvents...............................................................................................................................................6
Analytical
8
protocols:..................................................................................................................................................
Experimental Protocol:.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Application Information............................................................................................................................................. 8
Test System................................................................................................................................................................ 8
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS................................................................................................................................. 12
16
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................
APPENDICES................................................................................................................................................17 APPENDIX A: SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SAMPLING .................................................................................... 17 APPENDIX B: LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID (PFOA) QUANTITATION.............................................................................. 17 APPENDIX C: ISOTHERM TEST RESULTS FOR ROUND 1 AND RETESTING......................................................... 17
DISTRIBUTION FOR COMPANY PROGRESS REPORTS .....................................................................18
[Enter PIP Class]
2
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Carbon Adsorption Isotherm Evaluation for
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) In Samples From Chambers Works Wastewater Treatment Facility
Final report
Introduction and Objectives
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) is a compound used for the production offluoropolymers in DuPont. PFOA containing wastewaters are discharged to the Chambers Works (CW) site wastewater treatment system, which is operated by Secure Environmental Treatment (SET). To better understand the fate of PFOA in the CW treatment system, a series of carbon adsorption isotherm tests were performed. The tests used a sample of the same virgin powdered activated carbon (PAC, i.e.Calgon WPX-D) that SET uses in the site treatment system spiked into either synthetic wastewater effluent or an actual sample of SET primary clarifier effluent. In addition, isotherms were separately developed for the high solids containing primary clarifier underflow and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) samples taken from CW secondary and tertiary aeration basins.
Summary and Conclusions
The isotherm tests showed that the virgin PAC used by the CW SET system is capable of adsorption of PFOA in primary clarifier effluent or in a synthetic wastewater simulating tertiary SET effluent. The SET MLSS and primary clarifier underflow samples also show
similar behavior, though in these experiments they had a lower capacity on a unit dry weight basis for PFOA adsorption than virgin PAC.
Patent Situation
N/A
Program
The program is described below.
Publication Status
N/A
[Enter PIP Class]
3
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Personnel
Name(s)
Location(s)
Stephen Constable Lynn DeKleva Barbara Larsen R. K. Bell Steve Breske Stan Bachmura
Safety and Waste Disposal
N/A
B9248 G300/208 E228/120A DCSE-CW B8432
Environmental Considerations
N/A
Acknowledgment
Signatures
Signature(s) of the author(s) should appear here.
Period(s) of Assignment
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Experimental
Description of the Chambers Works Wastewater Treatment System and Rationale Behind Sample Matrices Used in This Study
The CW site treatment operations of interest to this work consist of influent neutralization using lime, primary gravity clarification and removal of solids and powder activated carbon (PAC) assisted biological treatment (PACT) in secondary and tertiary polishing units prior to discharge of treated effluent to the Delaware River (after mixing with other site waters). Figure 1 shows the unit operations and sampling spots of interest
to the work discussed in this report.
FJgi/re 1: Chambers Works Non-Hazardous Treatment System and Sampling Spots
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Test Substance Name: Synonyms:
Active substance:
CAS Name:
CAS Number: Supplier:
Product Number: Lot Number: Molecular Formula: Formula Weight: Concentration ofa.s., nominal:
Certificate of Analysis Date:
Solubility: Appearance:
Ammonium perfluorooctanoate Ammonium pentadecafluorooctanoate; Ammonium perfluorocaprylate; DS 101; Fluorad FC 143; Perflurorooctanoic acid ammonium salt; Unidyne DS 101 Octanoic acid, pentadecafluoro-, ammonium salt Octanoic acid, pentadecafluoro-, ammonium salt 3825-26-1 Fluka Chemical Company 1001 West St. Paul
Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA
77262 421207/1 24501
CsHLtFisNOz
431.1 g/mole
> 98.0%
24-Jan-Ol 0.1 g/ml White Powder
Reagents and Solvents
All chemicals and solvents were of reagent grade or purer and were purchased from the
following suppliers: Calcium chloride dihydrate (Mallinckrodt); Sodium sulfate (Baker); Sodium hydroxide (Ricca Chemical); Hydrochloric acid (Baker) Methanol used for
extractions (Burdick & Jackson), Methanol HPLC grade (EM Science), and Ammonium Acetate ACS grade (EM Science).
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Test Materials
Lab experiments were devised to determine the adsorption behavior ofPFOA according to the operational practices and in the wastewater matrices common to the SET system:
1. PAC is added to the SET system at both the primary clarifier effluent and in tertiary influent, with the split varying according to the seasons, treatment efficiency and other factors. Therefore, one isotherm test case used filtered primary clarifier effluent. Given that PFOA may be present in any effluent sample taken from the SET system and given that the PFOA concentration could not be determined prior to testing, a synthetic salt sample was prepared for isotherm testing so as to simulate the wastewater matrix found in the tertiary influent but without background PFOA present. This synthetic wastewater was prepared by spiking the major cations and anions found in the SET effluent into distilled water along with a known addition of PFOA.
2. The CW SET system is a complex treatment system, where PAC is co-mingled with activated sludge for enhanced removal, hi order to gain some insights into PFOA fate in such a system, a series of isotherm tests were devised where PFOA was spiked to a mixture of secondary and tertiary solids. In addition, PFOA was spiked to primary solids to gain insights into PFOA partitioning in primary clarification. Distilled water was used to dilute some of the primary and secondary/tertiary samples so that a wide range of final solution PFOA concentrations could be obtained.
Samples of primary clarifier underflow, primary clarifier effluent, secondary aeration mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) and tertiary MLSS samples, and virgin powdered activated carbon (PAC Calgon WPX-D) were taken from the CW treatment plant system for use in the study. The primary clarifier underflow sample from primary clarifier CF-64 and the MLSS
samples from Spot 627 (secondary treatment) and Spot 628 (tertiary treatment) were grab samples collected on May 27,2003 and refrigerated until use. The Primary clarifier effluent (CF-64) was a 24-hr composite sample collected from 529 spot on May 29,2003 and refrigerated until use. The virgin Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) was obtained from DuPont Secure Environmental Treatment (SET) and was stored at room temperature. All samples were collected in accordance with the principles explained in Appendix A.
Test solutions were prepared as follows:
The salt solution was prepared by dissolving calcium chloride (1400mg/L) and sodium sulfate (1250 mg/L) in deionized water. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide were used to adjust the final pH of the solution to 7-7.8
The primary clarifier effluent was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 6000 RPM (Sorvall RC-5 HS-4 Rotor) and supematants filtered (Pall Gelman 4190) prior to use.
A mixed MLSS sample for isotherm testing was prepared by combining secondary and tertiary MLSS samples at a ratio of 3:1 in order to simulate the ratio of tertiary to secondary solids in the CW system (tertiary solids are wasted to secondary and
[Enter PIP Class]
7
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
secondary is wasted to the belt presses for dewatering prior to landfilling dewatered cake on site).
Analytical protocols:
To determine soluble parameters, samples were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 6000 RPM (Sorvall RC-5 HS-4 Rotor) and supematants filtered (Pall Gelman 4190) prior to analysis. Total PFOA was determined by sonicating the sample with equal parts methanol for 1-hr.
Analytical samples were refrigerated or frozen until analysis.
The total solids and total suspended solids of the primary underflow and MLSS samples were determined according to protocols outlined in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition. (1998) American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. PFOA was analyzed per the procedures described in Appendix B.
Experimental Protocol:
Application Information
The test substance was administered from a 1000 mg/L stock solution in deionized water (Bamstead E-Pure Water Purification system) prepared in a polypropylene volumetric flask (Nalgene 4000-0050). The stock solution was prepared the day of testing and stored at room temperature until use.
Test System
The test system employed in this study consisted of individually capped 50-mL polypropylene conical tubes (Falcon BD 35 2070), uniquely identified, containing the salt solution, primary clarifier effluent, primary clarifier underflow or MLSS samples. The tubes were mixed using an end-over-end rotator (Glas-Col Rotator Model 099A RD4512) at 30-35 RPM at an ambient temperature of 19-25C. The temperature was monitored using a Dickson THDx Temperature recorder, which had a resolution of 0.5 C and accuracy of+/-1 "C. Following incubation, the samples were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 6000 RPM (Sorvall RC-5 HS-4 Rotor) and supematants were transferred to 50-mL polypropylene tubes using a disposable pipette (VWR 53283706). Aliquots (5mL) of the supematants were filtered (Pall Gelman 4190) in 14-mL polypropylene tubes (Falcon 35 2059) using a 10-mL disposable syringe (BD 309695). Samples were diluted (if required) and submitted for analysis in polypropylene vials (Agilent 5182-0567) sealed with a natural rubber crimp seal (Agilent 5182-1210). Analytical samples were refrigerated or frozen until analysis.
[Enter PIP Class]
8
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
For determining total PFOA concentrations in select samples, PFOA was extracted by sonicating well mixed aliquots with methanol for one hour. Samples were filtered (Pall Gelman 4190), diluted (if required) and submitted for analysis.
Isotherm Round 1 Testing: Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
PAC material was weighed directly into 50-ml polypropylene conical tubes, according to the study outline presented in Table 1, and 50-ml of salt solution or primary clarifier effluent was added. The test substance was added from a stock solution to the test vessels to achieve a target test concentration of 15 mg/L. Control tubes (test substance in salt solution or filtered effluent without PAC), solution blanks and PAC blanks were prepared and processed with the adsorption samples. The test vessels were placed on the end-over-end rotator at 30-35 RPM at ambient room temperature. After 48 hours at ambient temperature, the tubes were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 6000 RPM (Sorvall RC-5B refrigerated centrifuge, HS-4 rotor). The supematants were transferred to 50-mL polypropylene tubes, aliquots were filtered and submitted for determination of the test compound.
Table 1: Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Isotherm Test Matrix
Sample Description
Target PAC
Wt
e
Target PFOA spike
Cone mg/1
PAC addition Control
4.3
0
Control
0
0
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.025
15
Spiked PFOA PAC addition Unspiked PFOA PAC addition /
Desorb Control
0.28
15
0.28
0
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.55
15
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.75
15
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
1.7
15
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
4.3
15
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Isotherm Repeat Testing: Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
The PAC isotherm, as described the preceding section, was repeated for primary clarfier effluent and salt solution with the following modifications:
A test solution was prepared by spiking the test compound (from a stock
solution) to the desired test concentration of 15 mg/L into the salt solution or primary clarifier effluent. A 50-ml aliquot of the test solution was added to
test system.
The PAC test weights were expanded according to the study outline in Table
2.
Table 2:Salt solution and Primary clarifier effluent Isotherm Re-test Matrix
Sample Description PAC addition Control
PAC (g)
4.3
PFOA
(ppm)
0
Test Matrix
Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Control
0
0
Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA Control
0
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.025
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.05
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.1
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.28
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Unspiked PFOA PAC addition
0.28
0
Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.55
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA PAC addition Spiked PFOA PAC addition
0.75 1.7
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent 15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
Spiked PFOA PAC addition Spiked PFOA PAC addition
4.3 0.005
15 Salt Solution and Primary Clarifier Effluent
15
Salt Solution only
[Enter PIP Class]
10
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Isotherm Round 1 Testing: Primary Solids
Aliquots (50-ml) of the primary clarifier underflow solids, primary clarifier underflow solids diluted with distilled water or distilled water alone were added to 50-ml
polypropylene conical tubes and the test compound was added from a stock solution according to the study outline shown in Table 3. The test vessels were placed on the
end-over-end rotator at 30-35 RPM at ambient room temperature. After 48 hours at ambient temperature, the tubes were centrimged for 15 minutes at 6000 RPM (Sorvall RC-5B refrigerated centrifuge, HS-4 rotor). The supematants were transferred to 50-mL polypropylene tubes, aliquots were filtered and submitted for determination of the test compound.
Table 3: Primary Clarifier Underflow And Mixed MLSS Solids Isotherm Test Matrix
Aliquot #
Parts sludge
Control
0
Spiked Control
0
Lowest PFOA concentration Sludge
1
Low PFOA concentration Sludge
2
Sludge Only
1
Spiked Sludge
1
Spiked Sludge
1
Spiked Sludge
1
Parts distilled
water
1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0
COI
spike (PPm) none
1
none none none 0.5 0.75
1
Isotherm Round 1 Testing: Mixed MLSS Isotherm testing
The secondary and tertiary MLSS samples were combined at a ratio of 3:1, respectively. Aliquots (50-ml) of the Mixed solids, mixed MLSS solids diluted with
distilled water or distilled water alone were added to 50-ml polypropylene conical tubes and the test compound was added from a stock solution according to the study outline in Table 3. The test vessels were placed on the end-over-end rotator at 30-35 RPM at ambient room temperature. After 48 hours at ambient temperature, the tubes were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 6000 RPM (Sorvall RC-5B refrigerated centrifuge, HS-4 rotor). The supematants were transferred to 50-mL polypropylene
tubes, aliquots were filtered and submitted for determination of the test compound.
[Enter PIP Class]
11
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Isotherm Repeat Testing: Primary Clarifier Underflow and Mixed Secondary/Tertiary Solids
Isotherm testing was repeated for the primary clarifier underflow and mixed secondary and tertiary MLSS samples according to the revised test conditions shown in Table 4 below:
Table 4: Primary Clarifier Underflow And Mixed MLSS Solids Isotherm Repeat Test Matrix
Sample Description Spiked Control Unspiked sludge Control Spiked Sludge Test Spiked Sludge Test Spiked Sludge Test Spiked Sludge Test Spiked Sludge Test Unspiked diluted Sludge Test
Parts Sludge
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Parts DI H20
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Test Cone (ppm)
1 0 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0
Discussion of Results
The analytical results of the isotherm testing for all matrices are included in Appendix C as Tables Cl and C2 for the synthetic salt and filtered primary clarifier effluent wastewater
matrices, respectively. Analytical results for the primary clarifier underflow and mixed secondary/tertiary solids are included as Table C3. Table C4 shows the total and soluble PFOA results and computed extraction efficiencies for the high solids (i.e. primary clarifier underflow and secondary/tertiary solids) samples used in this study.
Isotherm graphs were developed by determining the total amount of PFOA adsorbed to the solids per unit dry weight of solid (PAC, primary clarifier underflow or secondary/tertiary solid) for each test condition's equilibrium soluble PFOA concentration. Graph 1 shows the
isotherms for the filtered primary clarifier effluent and synthetic salt solutions while Graph 2 shows the isotherms for the primary clarifier underflow and mixed secondary/tertiary solids, respectively. Graph 3 shows the isotherms for the primary clarifier underflow and mixed secondary/tertiary solids after correcting for extraction efficiency. Graph 4 shows the results for all tested matrices. On a unit dry solids basis, PFOA adsorption appears to be highest in
synthetic salt, followed closely by primary clarifier effluent; it is less well adsorbed by PACT and least well adsorbed by primary clarifier solids in these tests.
[Enter PIP Class]
12
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
1000
100
^
ta. 10 0
LL
0. 0) E
0
z
Q
0.1
s
3
m
0.01
0
UJ
0.001
Graph 1:
Sorption ofPFOA from Spiked Filtered Primary Effluent onto WPX-D PAC at Room Temperature
2nd run-salt (Co = 21.4 mg/L - measured)
2nd run-primary effi (spiked to 18.3 mg/L - measured)
1st run-salt (Co = 18.6 mg/L - calculated)
1st run- primary effi (spiked to 18.6 mg/L - calculated)
0.0001 0.01
0.1
"-l-T'l'T'l----" "" I------1----1----1--1 I Tl']------------I------I----T--1--n"I"l'| "'--------T------T----I--I 1 1 n'l"
1
10
100
1000
PFOA CONCENTRATION, pg/L
10000
[Enter PIP Class]
13
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Graph 2:
Sorption ofPFOA onto Primary and Combined Secondary/Tertiary Solids
Note: Extractions assumed to be 100% efficient for "Total COI" values _
200
300
400
500
600
700
LIQUID PHASE PFOA CONCENTRATION, ^g/L
[Enter PIP Class]
14
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Q'aph3: SorpdonofPPOA ontD Primaiyand Gombmed Secondary/TertiarySolids
Ncte:
* efficiencyof primarysludgeextraction assumed to be SSVo
Q
effidencyrfsecondaiy/tertia'ysludgeextractionassunrBdtobe75'{)
SECONDARmmnARYSOUDS
PRIMARY SOUD6
solid points- first nxrd openpdnts-retests
100200300400500600700800900 LIQUID PHASE PFOACONCEKTRAT10N, pg/L
[Enter PIP Class]
15
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Graph 4:
Sorption ofPFOA on WPX-D PAC for Filtered Primary Effluent and, SyntheticSalt Solution and on 2/3 MLSS or Primary darifier Underflow
2nd run-salt (Co = 21.4 mg/L - measured)
2nd run-primary effl (spikedto 18.3 mg/L - measured)
10
1st run-salt
(Co = 18.6 mg/L - calculated)
1st run" primary effl '(spiked to 18.6 mg/L - calculated)
secondary/teriary MLSS
^ -- -- ySSimiaDryL"underflow
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
PFOA CONCENTRATION, ug/L
10000
100000
References
N/A
[Enter PIP Class]
16
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Appendices
Appendix A: Suggested Protocol For Sampling Appendix B: Liquid Chromatographv and Liquid Chromatographv Tandem Mass Spectrometrv for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Quantitation
Appendix C: Isotherm Test Results for Round 1 and Retesting
[Enter PIP Class]
17
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Distribution for Company Progress Reports
Copy of Reports Sent To: Author(s): Additional recipients: Documentation Clerk:
Director(s): Associate Directors): Supervisors):
Managers): Manager-Patent Section: CR&D Technical Records Center:
[Enter PIP Class]
18
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Appendix C: Isotherm Test Results for Round 1 and Retesting
Table Cl: PFOA and Total Suspended Solids Test Results for the Synthetic Salt
Solution
Sample Description
Unspiked Salt Solution Control 1 Unspiked Salt Solution Control 2 Salt Solution Control w/ 15 ppm Nominal spike Salt Solution PAC addition Desorb Control Salt Solution PAC addition Control 15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition 15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition 15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition 15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition Unspiked Salt Solution PAC addition Control 15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition
15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition 15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition 15 ppm Spiked Salt Solution PAC addition
PACdose (8) 4.3
0.28 0.005 0.025 0.05
0.1 0.28 0.28 0.55 0.75 1.7 4.3
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Table C2:
PFOA and Total Suspended Solids Test Results for the Primary Clarifier Effluent
Sample Description
Unspiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control Unspiked Filtered Primary Effluent Control
15 ppm spiked Filtered Primary Effluent Control Unspiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Desorb Control
15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control 15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control 15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control 15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control
Unspiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control 15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control 15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control
15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control 15 ppm spiked PAC addition Filtered Primary Effluent Control
PAC
Dose
J^L
4.3
0.28 0.025 0.05
0.1 0.28 0.28 0.55 0.75
1.7 4.3
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Table C3
PFOA and Total Suspended Solids Test Results for the Primary Clarifier Underflow and Mixed Secondary/Tertiary MLSS Samples
Sample Description
Primary Solids Control 1
Primary Solids 1 ppm Spiked Control
1:2 Primary Solids: water dilution
1:2 Primary Solids: water dilution
Primary Solids only
Primary Solids w/ 0.5 ppm nominal spike
Primary Solids w/ 0.75 ppm nominal spike
Primary Solids w/1 ppm
nominal spike
Mixed Secondary/Tertiary Solids Control
Mixed Secondary/Tertiary Solids Control w/1 ppm nominal spike
1:2 Mixed Secondary/Tertiary Solids:water dilution
1:2 Mixed Secondary/Tertiary Solids:water dilution
Mixed Secondary/Tertiary
Solids onlv-
Mixed Secondary/Tertiary Solids w/ 0.5 ppm nominal
spike
Mixed Secondary/Tertiary Solids w/ 0.75 ppm nominal
_M_i_x_ed__S_ecsopnidkaery_/_Te_r_ti_ar_y_
Solids w/ 1 ppm nominal spike
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??
Table C4: Analytical Results For High Solids Samples
Sample
H20 Control
Soluble PFOA pg/L
2342
Total PFOA
Hg/L
2461
Spike
recovered PFOA
^
Extraction Efficiency
Primary Undeflow
1110
4607
Primary Spike
1251
6688
2081
85%
Secondary MLSS
380
843
Secondary Spike
1347
2829
1987
81%
Tertiary MLSS
408
848
Tertiary Spike
2002
2834
1986
81%
Mixed MLSS
398
841
Mixed Spike
1447
2679
1838
75%
[Enter PIP Class]
MM/DD/YYYY 1997-SBU-??