Document 1QM9r91V3GKj6w8gbGzopEBzq

Inspection & Maintenance Guide f1 , t 4 '4 j 11 t 1* }v 4 * TOWOLDMONOQ24646 SECTION A TRANSFORMER ASKARELS..........................................1 I. Introduction .........................1 II. HistoryofTradeNameType* ` Table I - The Composition of . .1 Transformer Askarels .......................... ..* . .. .2 III. Interchangeability .................. .2 IV. Table II - Official Transformer Askarel Shipping Specifications ............ *.. .3 V. Ordering Instructions ....... ..........2 VI. VII. Stability .................................... .................*.. .2 Precautions When Handling Drums, Tank Cars and When Opening Transformers ... ...................2 A. Keep Dry During Handling .......... .2 Table III - Handling end Pumping Temperatures 8. Use Ordinary Personal Precautions ......4 C. Precautions on Opening an Askarel Transformer .......................................6 VIII. Avoid Environmental Pollution ...........6 1. Labeling Askarel Transformers .................... .6 ?. Disposal of Liquid and Solid Wastes .... .6 3. Conditioning of New or Recycled Askarel & 4. Teardown of Transformers for Repair or Scrap ....................... .7 6. Transformer Disposal ................................... .7 IK. Expected Service Life ....................... .................7 X. General Characteristics of Transformer Askarel Fluid............... .7 XI. Sampling Transformer Askarel Fluid .......8 XII. Evaluation of Askarel Received In New Equipment ....................8 XIII. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ~ , Moisture Relationship .................. . .................. 9 Table IV - Relation of Dielectric Breakdown Voltage to Amount of Dissolved Water in Askarel and Mineral Oil ...................... ............ .9 Table V -- Approximate Solubility of Water in Transformer Askarel and Mineral Oil .... 10 XIV. Turbidity.................. XV. Chock Points for Maintaining 10 Askarel Insulation ............ ..10 . A. General Considerations.....................10 B. Modern Sealing Procedures . ...... ...11 C. TheOldcr Scaling Arrangements .......12 XVI. Periodic Flukllnspcction and What Checkpoints Mean .................................. 12 A. Visual Inspection ................. 13 B. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage .,. .... .13 XVII. Inspection Checklist ................ ,13 XVIII. Contamination In Transformers..................14 Table VI - Effect of Common Insulation MaterialsonPowerFactoraod Dielectric Strength ........................ .14 Table VH -- Effect of Common Insulation Materials on Volume Resistivity of Askarel .. . *.................. *................. .14 XIX. ASTM Method for Investigating the Compatibility of Transformer Insulation and Construction Materials in Askarals .... ,15 XX. Refining Askarel for Be Use .. .................. .15 A. Filtering Through Dry Blotter Paper . to Remove Moivture and . Extraneous Pansies*........15 XXL XXII. Table VIII -WaterRemoval by Filtering Askarel Through aPaper Press ....................... 16 B. Disposal of Solid Wastes .............................16 C. Solid Insulation Requiring Drying..............16 D. EarthTreatmentforMaximum Improvement ot Power Factor and Volume Resistivity .................................... 16 Table JX- Effect of Rower Factor and Volume Resistivity.......... .............17 Cleaning Arced Transformers......................... 17 Sampling Askaret.................. ...........................17 SECTION B ASKAREL FILLED SWITCHES AND TERMINAL CHAMBERS ....................................19 I. Introduction.......................................................19 II. * Sources of Contamination............................... 19 III. Seating Switches and Terminal Chambers .. .20 IV. Askarel Used Under Mild Arcing Conditions .20 V. Maintenance for Askarel Filled Switches ... .20 VI. Askaret Under Excessive Temperature or Fault Conditions ............ 21 SECTION C TOXICITY AND SAFE HANDLING........................... 21 I. Inhalation ............................................................21 tl. Skin Contact........................................................ 21 SECTION D ANALYTICAL SERVICES ON TRANSFORMER ASKAREL AVAILABLE FROM MONSANTO............................. 22 Types of Analyses Available: .........................................22 ij Routine Maintenance Cheok . ., ............................ 22 21 Complete Analysis ................................................... 2? 3) Analysis After Earth Refinement ......................... 2? SECTION APPENDICES......................... 23 Appendix A - Askarel Stability and Composition of Arc Formed Gas ............................ . .23 Appendix B - Solubility of Gas in Transformer Askarels .. ,,,;.......... ;... ................23 Appendix C -- Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ot Askarel ...................23 Appendix D - Comparison of the Approximate Viscosity in Sayboit Universal Seconds of Transformer Askarels and Mineral Oil.......................... 24 Appendix E -- The Density of Inerteen 54201 KA 7336-9 and Transformer Pyranol A13B3BG........................................................ 24 Appendix F - Thermal Conductivity Values of Transformer Pyranol A13B3B 3............................... 24 Appendix G -- Heat Capacity......................................... 24 Appendix H-Coefficient of Expansion........................24 Appendix I - Fire Resistance......................................... 24 Appendix J -- Seals. Properties and Procurement .......................................... 25 Appendix K -- Caution Label......................................... 25 NOTICE: "Nothing contained herein Is to be construed as a recommendation to use any product In conflict with any patent. MONSANTO MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE FITNESS fOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT REFERREO TO, no guarantee of satisfactory results from reliance up on contained infoio.eiion or recommendations, and dis claims all liability for any resulting loss or damage.*' TOWOLDMONOQ24647 TOWOLDMONOQ24648 . ^he Vnft'Potftion of Typical Tiamforr.itr Afkiuds v' ' f\ l* ! v ,v Trade ' ,, ' *1 Mdl(ASlMp?? ' Jy)>e 0 - lypt-f j`t 1 ^ ?0 30 Jnci teen ' 10012 Pyr eri<l A13U3P3 Inyrdii 'iU by wU Aroilor&l?^!, _ . .chlorinated biphenyl ibA% chlorine by welgM AroClOl'&1?4?, cfitorlnated bfphfnyf o'. K2^<3t)oMde'by weight) ' 70 J '' `1 100' TncMorobehrfcoe y,'. Plirnoxypiopiot oxide $**W>ngty ` 30 ': , '" r * OlBtoO?? 01 io0?? Ihi poxldc scavenger ; > . , - u 5 > r 60 r A0 011h to 0.135 .v-A&1M Method O ??&3. tirhd, '*ChlQriru)tvd AromaVc Ityrfr&ctrbons (Asktrels) fix" 7rar)sfot/mrs*yk alto lists the composition*of all: transformer* ii<k<nc1s Used At VcWout tim* $lrc 193?. ! : Monspntc* Vianufaclures similar tian$for<iier atkerel fluids )n England yWMMC the Uadt nar>e JVdcio'-1. {j$ed / ' 111. )Atficiiar)jK"iMtiiir ' In g^omal ah namlormcr a^A'cU are <nfaichaMjcaVlf* 1low;vu.*i is suggested that the tran$1o,'rrtef manufacture! be consulte0 pnw to mixing in significant proportions of total substitution. .: IV- Transtoimci ASkwel Specifications Spc.*fi\'etom 1o* the three moduli tmnsformer aska'ef IMds ire shown'm TaWe It . V. GidtiinflInstructions Monsanto's fuii'ent policy H h self aikorcl transformer fluids only to tiimsfoilnn manufftctureu. O.htis liitutMed In these fluids should contact the m&nuftfCluffcrj of esk?re1 lifcnsfoinixis ar5 not MunsUhlo the tmmforhirr 04m* platf, indicaks *hi tl^sfprmf tnt* ` and Usually gives sufficient data to Identify tire spcnltc asVa;ef used VI. Contuminaiiun ' ; Askarel hHulelton ,must, never't# hiked with htinoral olb, Over two pc/cent of n.-ncraf off l>j -ulumc m Askarel lupins to losvci its lire resistance ' fn modem ti#ns1orrticrs the pimcfp&f "eremy" of asV**c? U contamination t>y yvotr ' Keeping v*vh^ free Win insure * iong time so vie* ' / Askare'1 lsbfolel th^i vuter. If vvatet gets Into ASka'el insulation, Qnly a titiy amount (apjno** >.&tety 1?5 ppm) dissolves - the rest fioaU on top. Aikartf is yg-y 1m hWe in wale., only about ?OOpaU per billion of asVard d'S^lvt in water, at nor met temperatures , , VII, Pieyi'rtiwH Whon Handling Drums, Tank Cai s, and When Opening t. Jhc sljjnlficantpretautio^ 1 , * ,t f k , ' A Kg/y f>iy Ouj mg HondUng ' " tp handling 'Storing, iamplmg And vispLCting ad-aftf - and in So-^trficatTOn A-oaartiaa1 . ; Co'o', A?A -. ' Co-'d'5.cn 5 VVy-o-'-ocieH*'. ppm y 95533-60' .. AcW^V mo %0"7g'fAS'~Vl 0974 55V - " Oinpctnc StM~`Cr\ 25'C, 0 ' m cep -" : tA^VS 0877-40) , . -- 3,5>c*ru; Cadaot, i0OC, -60 Hs . 'AS'V 092449) ' -Volume 8s1*vity.,l'S0Q''C< j i' -SOO vo<Js DC 0,5 mcft 93a, W9-Ohm-cn5 (A$T<trt0"69' - : inontan'c'cblonoevpom 'ASTVi 0t8?i and CE. Vemotf4C4'S) : oVactce mdex, 25'C tA5TV 0'8O7> , ' .V-scOS'v at 37,8C fASTW 088-567 ; Savbott ymvera1 Secondt ,, our<>0<"*,,c 'AS"V 0-97-575 ' Soecftc cavity 25/15.5C (ASTV OIS'O' x Ben oo.nt tAST-V 092) vQistiitation i-ange-iASTM 020-56? connected - devsteo and peometne pressce. - Trafflrtotmar Aika-pi Soacr'fCff&oos (\aw Fluid? Q2rt<>a^ ?#otr.TC Co. . -.: - . y-T-rartffOfmer -. i...;.... cve^o? A^SSSS-S - A$TM D2283 Tvro G ipOmax. . Cf^ ' 30 : 0.0*^ hiax 35 XV mm. . Weytfoohovue -. . : ^ Transformer ,, Inertnen 70*30* . -. ; ASTV 02283 Type O ' -,. - J 150 max C^a*- - 30max, ` ' O.O'A-max, " 35KV,mw - . W*stif*gH0VW ' ; . TeMforrner. - - fnnrteeo-^00^^ - . ^ AS-VQ72S3Ty^e6 6C C>aj- . . 35r^X. . 061 max r 3$ KV, fwh., a *2 A2 *0 A,5 ^ &j? to A 5 * - A0 - '00 . O.'Omax \. C ^ max, , * " 1.61'Oto ' 5'20 ' ' - 4 tO AS ' . '6'53 to 1.6173 ' * 56 to 6' - ' ^38 or `ow^*1 - 7,495 j> '.S'0 \fO^ to b0*lTKJ ' 5t drop 200"C twin. 40% max, be'ow 270"C 90% 379 to 394 " -30 tower '.5"8to',528 - -None to boning " 's* dnso 200"C m.. . , 35%>>eiow 270"C . 90% 379-to 394 ', - -> oa` ' - OaO$SttC " ' '.6240 to 1,6260 82 to 9? i7ot -O'Vn' 5-381'0 " 392 ' 1-0% 325*C mm. '90%360 max , it Fixed ciO'M Co"Oiaem t#t, . '. * . CoPn AcWA ' - - 'At'Ctv,. mg K0M/g * tncoemc onlC'det ODm > - ): Conp,-:Qn - ' Scavenger content . Typical Propertied . .. -CoetAcient o' Thermal: txo-rnsion iAS^W 0 'MJ-ycmJVcmJ/C , A^c tpi-meo gawy . *Wfnghy*e vKt rhe* onvsre ny^bw Inert#** `35*20'KA *v '4n*rt*#fl ?>30 nd th*4f . fttfm&tf $4JWCV *or inert*** 100-A2* 56.4 ^05% 55.$% rntn * - 40x05% , A-Sten-bearinbw**i ahjmfovm *on6 brstat-200 to 220"C, theaiutmnunrr most, not be cwrO&dvA* on ettbef visua' on we.gOt msoect'O" a"C tKe askemt ebpu 4 me* me Vowing spnc'ications- 200 "ax^ 200 max. 260max. 0.0'i -"-x, 005A max. . - 0.0' max. 0.'5 Max. 2,0 max. 0.55 max. c*ear -i C'"3' C*ec - 0.1'5 to 0.135% 0,58to0.22% 0.13 50 0.22% ' Sieooxde pnenoxyorooeneoxide pbenox yprooene oxine- 0.0007 0.0007 000068 . -t ygatijj^ w.Wjjj.-iAoj) PypM 2" t,J'V0? *WVOC COrtd'tvOm f*V* oases OfOdUCGtS, \yh'1? - MK*o*v*3ottv o* r<>tvcombysTttfe hydrogen c*!ori#. cert varying ammirns o' combusts gem : uooo fbe'tyot* irtfuet#ort system* *rtCroe'*?*ng th*.Jtbnf**3rjd ft*`Mos>cor .other.-or?rt*cine*sn3is m^y,,' w^Art ^ceC, rodCA f*Ov^ rtv.xturin: wHac*i a'e rAb^tft*iv.f*wnable, As a creceutidrt,- svcH.gem 1-% ey^novAc1 from the asKaf* bv bu&bt^ tfrynttrooen throogH^^th#e^te?-*ert^ftw$-h!ngthgesce^rth^pyjtb4Srt;- .-. bp'o^earty js oe^fortiied o*' the aooe^etue.. - . '-- .: .- . -.- iThese wecifteet^-'rtt on/y io the extent thet-they cowKideywth Monrttb'* ou^HheC Cif7etjOf**.'.- - - . *s bem* 'yoort wrrVa *red * ih#ibo^tory 'shot gwatantMO or ai? wmoles. Write.u* ?Of con^Mete e^*40etf^<ttort ?& A TOWOLDMONOQ24650 <ra otpvw* - twsfy prepaJhori to gvwi P'i/ aJ<rtt Wirietioft 1'A>n ifjppOsuie to pi/* hyfntdsiy and niohht'* contamination K<\f*b'OJ Sb gVltyn d.U'YiS of asla'af <5 fi 1a^ Hot$ <5iv.trt op llf Ji skies with the t>urg at the highest ps'iiU hO?rt fWr to % h t * .i^ off tin1 d1 m Tie ad fwhfdh Can tw* .. sucked. into'ihf 4&4ri fey v tii *%*&&- T h not i>n(\6sp>y whcr* diuus? m stored indoor, v<h'^f Is the prftfuMrttpfortfo <tofeg>\ < , To avoid Icalagr the dums 0CM for 4r^ of heavy construction Sixmo jpu^* ir^tal is iwd. whh special rim seal and bung consliucnon, Ihc dtuitis should be drained af completely as pryoihlo and ihyn ftui`i(<S twief wlfti k<roseno type solvent to removi ail of fhr Aorumiilaud liquids and washings should bf odlic'tod and should be incinerated at high .temperatures, f.g., -about-..000*1./Io destroy the p Jychloipvatod biphueyts |M*6sf See Section A, Vllt Tank i'soh u/\j to tuJtujort a&atvlt ax* In exclusive service and not U'^d inter thar^abty fo K>ihci p odocK Ai) can must be unloaded thjoMgh^hc top Idome fitting) either by pumping or with controlled ptis&UHQ`wing dry ajr oi dry nrtiogcn. If uliiogon' has Wr used lor unlp >dng it is neeeswy to advise the shipper so th-`t when the car returns tire nitrogen can be replaced wuh dry air tKfo* any one m . enter the cr If the c*r ts to be unloaded by pom, iglt will be necessity to usp 8 dr ycf on tho air intake tine to tunove moisture1 '{ i All Wik cats art hi J with sham coils, which ere available for unloading unde* eMit-mc low temper'aftm. conditions. :N`i ';<; Convergent handling find pumping temperatures are $iven jn laWc 411. Ust Ofjdh>a yP</>oi/P*o irons' 1 ran'.lohhf i e<Mrc? has Im fn|jcic, handled md used for over flO ycfi\l| can be handled safely wHn fpcormue;vdodprecautions If ew'idi ntully fipilh'd on hen>H, no serious skin irntrition wilt oo ur. ffowtvcr. liquid estate* has a solvent at?)on (OmTta* lo pain! lai.klU llorKfllpg 6rK? Pumplr<g Te^iperdturas PioAjc* Unloading, :? Handhrtg aiyd , Punipfng Jenifmature*C Pyianut Alttm* h#t/|i?0 36 ' lonlcn 106*52 > 3b-?fe tbmnnl on the 1?!' O'fd djU of flit skm end prolonficd contact n"/ feud fo drying and chapping ol the skin In Cf>,r of Os>``t 'kfVvosli the skip W'ilh sO p and Water, remove and dry clean SdUfji"d etothesg Clean up spills with lap*, sawdust a>d abs<'bcrt t'ey. tyc contocl m<.'v rtrsUll in pgloM iirit^tlopbo' no .'r`rrt^ tO thitifjs, liaskar?) yr-t> |rt t?e.&yr,flp$1> with Ir gi oqv*i` >U & waUi. A*, with a1! eye fust aid, refer to a physician lo'uhtye rtni^ion, p' \ k*shs have e/ccdanopthalmlc -JkniMhet^''.^oltnipn as Well of opih.vmlc conispqc aobute spluflon, 0\ oil , fnhequent eyposuit 'to #s1a%1 jtjpois will not c&oe id effects ItowoVpr, piotoiv`d Cxivswe toW/t v&)X>rcO(>cf*nhalJOry? should Ik cu'ldfd. 41 hot iska*l must ha hairdltsd fo acfpstvf o' Coined Cr<*. iwpvidt tht a*ea with mjrhawca1 exliaont vcn^iaifor- o> . w$i an organic cattr'KJgr te^pbatV approved by the OS, Bu't . ?' " oleines, < '' 1 X PvteauliomOiiOpeu'r^en.Asfcciul Transform*-!. ASkareU of various pomtxkUJotya! types art used Under arcing conditions the gases produced, white consisting of pmkyvimanily voOn-DOmb\^tih1o^V<frO|g&^ Riptide, can yield varying amounts of 'MitbustiWe oases dopwdrft^ upon jH askar^l ty^e. ,v .. ; - ,; > ' ';\ Insulation systems jnb&rpOretmg the>. eska-cls sod cetliflosic or; other.. organicmaterials may. When eroed. ptodocf -gaseous* ' mixtures Which arc moderately flammable. As *pie^8uticm,*uch 0<c5 $ho ild be removed fro n the aska r) by bubbling diy '*:- hitrogen through the askaref and Hu&iing the gas Spade with dry ! mitogen before any work is pc* tipi mod On the apparatus. The Amc itan Institute of 0^10^ and Etortiomc Fngineci* Guide f\lo; 76, March, 1974 gives nme fctzik`4 instructions and guidance -/'far''Acceptance .and Afaintananc* of.trantfornw Askare! in f.quip uiifit'. This gold. is published by the It. <tule of fi^r'ic-d & Vac bonks Fng'nrm, Inc, 34b Cast 47th $tu.*Cl, Now Yck. h w York 10017. Wc recommend that u'trsof aska.el bafisfonnris nfn to th',s IETE document. ,, *> 1 , VIII. Avoid Environment^ Potlubuo Transformer askarels contain polycbkvmaud biptw-nyh fPCBs) Which .have been used m the United States and elsewhere over the past 40 . years for.many industry and Consumer appiicetions. During die past several years evidence has accumulated to indicate that PCBs are widely . dispei ied throughout the environment, and that they can have adverse : eoologlgal amJ toxiwtt^lcal effects; ' ;: . . The Unili-d Stdtoi Government's iMfdepa'biKntal last f oru on PCBs, Com 77-10419, m Hum Wat<1.20. 197? re,Ml tided, /'Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the environment", recommended fpsiticOngBQBstouselncapaoitorsaridtransfonners. ., This report distributed by the Manorial Technical Inloimatfon Set vice, U.$, Department of Commerce, Springfield. Virginia 77151. . A document titled, "Guidelines for Handling and Dis/>osat of Capacitor and 7raw-former Grade , Atkarah, Containing Polychlorinated BiphcnyU'\ has been prepared end it available from the American Notional Standards Institute,-Committee CIO?. 1430 Broadway, New York, New Yotk 10010 ' The stvp'. objectives and the composition o! this committer art' ' ANSI Committee CIO/ Scope* Procedures add guides Tpr sah use, maintenance end disposal ol v askaiel and ar-kartl soaked materials used w electrical equipment. Ooj< dives t .: 1; : Source of. technical information and advice for federal, ; v r; St#t^locc1eytnonties and eh others conoc'irred. - 2.' Cncourege development of suitable disposal facilities end : v ' keep ell concerned informed. - , - - ;' 3. Serve as the advisory group lorUnitcd Stab s participation in muinotioual oiganiMiOfis C* C, 1H,,CIGBF. Comp *s lion in or represented by this ANSI committee Include: National f retbir^ Menutdciurers Association. Flechonic Industries Association. loshtuu of fh.uie&i and iKUowt Engineers, Amencen Sot^cty fo twk end Materials Hu,blc light and Power Association, Ceil'd - 4 Balled M.inulivhi'erv Ass<x*aton EnviicKimcntnf Prolech'on Agency, Ofhc' of v1 tf>vrbnmenta1 Affairs; Gt?heta1 Services P.dmlnislraiion; National TOWOLDMONOQ24652 ' , ftutota bt $t$nd;ud,' OeparlMpi.i pf the 'Aijf*, , Hindi {fecHlhftlMt -AftiKnfctrfbOffj Otvhion <i Cnwomiont*! Ht sean--.. 1VA Atnctk-an Public fw.e,* Associp'iop, Vtfeti' > >; Jppttutioft. jppjftrpl Tt-dcr,aVIon;f ood v3 Drujj Ad'kifttrahoiV Nibon*' ft< Prouuioo Associate1 Uoderwrlim l at;*'$torip5>; a*d mat $U`*om of the U,S, Dcp merit of InU** Jot, 1l toViv/uij) bio pc>h0nl cxcctpt> uV.cn from the ANSI Guidflmes fo> e far el tunsforquMs 1 l AMt UNG ASKAI11 fHANSfORMl R& (Pfl 10) 4 ? ? 1 Nt w 7fa isfoftnUb AtI new ba'Hfofmers that , contain PCBi sha*! have a UW! of adfQUt*u durability, r.,,>' permanently and prdmfncntly attached to ific .tarfk by the . manufacturer, piven adequate vy&rftjfi$ and fnst<liclhn$. A . ' Suggested fahef includes the fotfoy/ing: >'-/' > v CAUVQN: 7hc. insulating liquid in this tramhfmcr. .:. v contains polychlorinated biphenyls iPCBri- Care should be a '. ' , taken Jo prevent ehfry into the eovjronmenhfn case of 'malfunction qr leaks, consult the instruction manual or * the manufw inter, ,,' . ' ! k . s 4,7,72 In-Service Transformers. The transfounif tinbnu- v Ibcturci should make available tuitab`e laltels with a similar : . Waning as shown hi 4,P i t (of use on enisling transformers. ? 01SP0SAI Of I10UID AND SOUDWASItSfPfl 1M 4 IMS 1 G^neraU Disf>(>\>' of astriels andaskardsoaked , materials should be accomplished by means In which there U in s/gtifuant hlr<i$n of a&eie' to the twfronmtnl At f, i ; 'prewot, disposal fs accomplished by carefully controlled inclncratiori of liquids and soaked software, and by con- 0J- ; , polled landfill burial of apparatus and other hardware from . -p '..which askard has been previously drained and washed. ' - ` Present knowledge indicates that prober incineration : ' musi^ involve asuftable balance between dwell time and 1 UvnpCiatnre In the ith 'meration plus 0*W"n availah'hty and, ,. finally, suitable scrubbers to remove the HO dwt will be formed, for example, ? < :ond dwelt time at POOfrf and . cm ess oxygen in sta l gaS, or 1.5 second dwell time at PfOfff and %% oxygen in stack gas - v " Ibest UtriUiies should meet the nipticahte requirements \ of the state in which they are heated and should conno' ... effiuenh within the limits set forth In this standard. v Contiofled landfill or deep will dlSi>os'>l can be used vdurr srcunlttod by fed' al, state, and local n gUetbns ` vr. 1 . -, )hc ANSI Guide 15ls t1c 1ot3tonsof I'.^glconfottn (he elK>^ WoDsanto has such bn Incirt- itdto: t die W, G KjgniiMilcfi PiauL Oepa'Dmc.a 631^ JvHigel, IHmpjs 0?^014 wh re iany(`n,'">U U i *di fw s^ap a.Lerct liquid di>osjf fw a modest fee, for f'^posa! of solid scrap 8 -coMliplUd dry hind Ml can Irf) uv *Vlcre pc ftktlvd by redc*&i, and IcKal leflerlaiions 3 , * ' t v * . \, LONDIIIONlNG Of titW Oft RKYCLFO ASKARfl ir* m 4? 1,3 F Ail ate! Conil'tlomng equipment the condt itonng unit diould In to- t>t<!Jcithern H ston *' tank area tyM the main tiansformer me mfo turing */<$ fpr fdhng with $'el1 ' 4.? fi? fuller^ tardi Conditioning ol new asKarel or te yJid aska'el requires fuller*stu'th treatment The tfe it fuV.fii"s Cf* tfi hi ca'tfidg'i or bags, when nploecd should be allowed Jo drain thoroughly ouv drip pans to renme as btUi.h liquid ap a ei at pos$ hie Thecatiudg unit Of stvel futfr constioctron shendd pf* i-d tn the ' $H 11 CON TAh*lhA HO IV, 7ft ASKAkfi ' (unturner for (fl$>oquon doth twjp filled with fuflu j earth shOidd trcpfa'Od in the ''SCfi/J' (t!JHNAHt' ASKAfiU WAi-U'* tontamerr for ttnpoStyop TOWOLDMONOQ24653 / A l_ \\r-\ <" ^ . ' t-ij,'' k.v\ < ,;f ' . VUW'V Of" ] r>f-,'NSf ORMf S *Ott Ril-A.IH DR &fW V>, IP) , < ? $ < I O.ot ss*wt* /forti l?e tTMi fif''.'- iio a hpWog to il -O' trw Or inis' fht drum IxMted ' ASKAHtt* 10> d\*QsUlor., *nfi then $Uoi, prffm ' t< >c fgr aU of tht 7)kfi'er to rtwn htn tteto e a n1u>% 4 ? / 4 ? fynmia the roft find col a^ My UK>m the trJqsfotme> tyffittent pbkwbfrit hW fiat Arnold be placed or) fire hoc-1 to 'fit>QrV any a^and fluid that sldt dnpS ftun> the trn idocwoc 4 ? 14 3 Place lift fpaie-ta^ in the a. ympnaU sahruji opnig1tuk$ tftirmg the dismantling lor letefidwposfuoh. %: 4.2.I.4.4 Aif (tied tnaterfeff, tfKhtfiing tags, sawdust, 1q*c, tic, rtgardhoS of quantity, 'st-a*' tr put into the WProiinatycontdnfy* for disr^Sdion , &. lflANSFOIlWI DISPOSAL <Pi 1?) ' 4,2,3C Tne vlfiouti' d%>os9t of an askavifilled trots . .v,, .* , former fn$y be accomplished in eWie{ of two Ways: .. v ' : (1} Complete drainage and thstp&nihng with the proper .' . -disposal of the askarei and askargl soaked con,portents as 1 dcxrped fa 4-1.C, ' ` * i `t,,/ , t2) PisjtosHton of askarei transformers by means of junk or frap dealers 7Iris should t*' 'id\fv//fe> a transformer o'. " is frrs\ drained; followed-by soaking the intenor with 9 ; ' '' . Sp/ldbie solvent^ Accdhnuhted liquids and washings ate to be r . ... :--"<dtwo$ed of as described in 4.1.0, .. . IX. txjwcied $ci vlc life firtjnUl&<rturers Indices that ^of>tfdy designed and Instiled askaret bansloirni.s a<c t-xjKrt l<d $iv tioub'e bee service for at least 30 yfars Since, theii mtiodUctlon In 193?, flu* rnmuf.ctu*trrs rt,o't .finding t?*c overall failure-ripe to be less than 0.5% tin atl units under let end iervlce condition-. Tht td son tlCvUlr Imtnute's fCj>o'l on thmr member utilities publishes the faiturc rate for askaict ua r-*ornKrv as0.|3per hundred hankspc yea*. Mi. Frank M, Clar1s> kvhn trtyented transformer a Karels at the General Fleihd Com;>dtiy m thr 'early 193f>>, m^dt tin highly i- tmou ccmm&ni based on hU itisny ylars of ek^riemx- with G.F Pyranol -faskarel ty|>e) transformeri dat " : . ^ :: v - "The important thing is to keep thrtm^diy Otherwise haw them 1 aloo$\ 1hc*s^ words ot wisdom be^^c cspC't'iatly apbbCaWe m more recent years vyhen livcldmo stipt raftter than became the mam method of v.af)>^ esVdfri tr<<rsfo`rraiis Ine&t units are so'd with the viid landing that die hQoid is in a iwmaMy hoirnoticahy tlyd syst a. '' i X. Oenoral dh^rdcterlstics of Trnlf<>rmt Askarei fluid Appru^alifiii of the following ChB'a;h'Istk>. as given in the Uil Guide, les,1s to understanding the rCasoris foi wlecllng ditleciiic breakdown voltage and mohUee as the jaime judCtical tests to judg*tl>c quahly of bat}sfo^rtl`, as^a'c-i fluid Also, doe to then CbJPuct*- Islict Hn povvei factor of trav^lo'nicraskaicl will be noimah/ much tii^nr than the corrl'spo.idmg va'uec for m nr:a* o * In co'ni*t.hson to mlmnul fnsoiatmg o*t, eskaial H a r4.tativ.ly polar tij?Urid1. its itiolOwUlrs arc dipoles^ lrv< l6fOtate around their a*< ard responsive to on>'eritalipti by ctcctiical forces AsVac! aHo exhibits a much bigl-C' dielectric t\h$t '! and caj>`'tNh,rc<' iha ms Acting oil. arid thes - ddferenoes H'vbt bi krpt id ofmC wlcti inlerprling tlectwca* le t <k*U ', ^v * , 1 bL a 1^ it tsiehrtivrlv ^pla^and prisvessrsMah sclvcncy poiHt.aO a-t* is Oniclr mo OPvlrtcytiy liitivi mnwtal Oil tv> of axtravous S'luble poll*' aTKf o&nsr^jtnlly tht choice of ) 7/jf t 0194?01 I i s TOWOLDMONOQ24654 '.'I'1 " t,/:" 7 ; V-' ' 'v 11 vnnpwtrJl do iv-Kl>t. will) Uxf *-aw* r'twa'o.iU^'elcculc : ;, bItrecaHHPPcoxwvn Vxoollttwwti pi ip^rl %u hnot gs<owH'srpilllyy rfylyoottrcitluy s"lfew)" by 'j''>y pi IDVp s.->jlVpp!!"' pit*ar fmMitrauMi't, to wli1i((,,li)i <ilili ppowMti fa.'ioi wd ? Itssihslpivvili ifjqsxj-V.'pic'ic't'irliultbiiropof*')] a(rle vt umsitivi. Irf, fakCit,thi c iJ'e'rctriG lmet tio.'i) vo11,19c bl aiVenl is icv/hai jual-, a.jn Oit pi rlftstilMlmj -tW valpcs'.assljinetlv.tlKse .tjietpciffc poiijs ijn't newly Mij^.t.Kt Iran formats em 30 KV rum. tnd ?ll Kv r.tin, u.S(HClhi.)y..... ...... .................. ....,.... .,,!....,...,... A* with in uMity vt a'-Van i must he Up! dy, ft pick Mb moistun? , ft<>m texposuitf t<)j ^MmosphOty.-- OnckY s/m)ter pOnd'hons of. exposure, askajil tan pick up 6e3rly twio' at much nv.*Uturc when mtasuMid bnSp&rtspu million,weight bsslsN ' tl 5 Xt. Smujitinji Trantfoui'Or Askorel Huid The .foltpwJnn PtPctwtiOrw about iBrnrHing 8K5 pooled .rotn the If tt '-. Colde. YY YYYv'v YY^Y ;i.,/v.^V.vV^;pf^r' k' >'' c'Y^YYY-X'''-';.." YvY fh PiCm nl&nve s$r>ijJis, whether pf the C'vnpjfi* conupt* or oifiy parts thereof, wfe. exitemc-ty important bom, the standjKrtht of,' ey^ufltion of the quality <>T the product s^pl^d. Obviously camtcsvj , faming procedure or <ontamiratK>n in the s6mpb*hp equipmentwill J . i sample that js notftuly (Cp^^ertianveyt.ltK genefatlyfoads to , ff.jrtcoiu comluMons concerning qu&hty and incur* loss of time,1' 'effort, ai>d expfnw iq^olved in sccdtiog. t<a6sporhP9, ?ind tesOng the-Y , Wffiple, H tf (stor*9ty yecorumended that all of the procedures ai^Y pieifiutiOhs outhnrd hr tire latest revision of AS1M 09?3 (S, iphrrg vCl(culci)Hnsujat<oqli<jUtd^befd)lowed ; ^ *, - . ..." . .v.'> . vr:>'.* ^ ,f?r; < .*h .`I'-Jv-j'.tx-iM :-Mrs. `HccAiisi of lle hiph spi^bc gravity {relative density} of 0.a<et ' (greatu tfan D.vyaier'arHl $opir other impurihes aic no lively tube * vf^und at pt near, t^fe *wtace.^,be top satnple, therefore. Hfonsldtrod to rtpifsenl the worst <ondbon/f .i v XII tvlu3lton of Askatel Rccolvt%! in New Equipment Sonic usijis of askdrel 9<julimerH find It tksuable to make *V OK^i^ed lovts" on all ^uiph'cm, It is .quite icoiftnKMv to use .the dieleciilci .' breakdown voUage tost and visu^i appearance as Yba ftityl $ignihcant ' tevU. i|f : wi1tat4e equiixnent 4nd .Vamerf personnel are avarlaWeY laHdrtrpnijf lnforniUon>t)ay bc Obtained horn the power,facto^.oblor, 8tK) mduture ("Phtctil tests ( lo s^mr>lin9 asH^iel contained m .apparatus .exheme;care, must,bo * exeictsed in otder u> bbtain a Kpusentalive sampie, ASlM !/clh| ! OW3 should w followed, , ; equipment With ed;erel exhibiting theJollmvmg ch^tactemhct is r eonsidciud arCeptable ,J < ASKM Method Dt1(xtlc ibeAdO-vii Vohng1' ' i : 30Kynnn oro Col0 1 3^jK)rtax (Strav.'eoio?} f>>V/9 Corkhtioo ` Vtswdf Yw*r f : vJatn fimterti *, %, 31. ppm max * om? o tb:<3 f'owii I actor at if 5 os?s.o 100 Ifii* factor pf asfd'el taktn from new trunsforru'-.t, and aocc^my e^uipmiiit ca tehee} the pifxcryx1 niusturl>. dhvdwd tsola' o-njp.u'*iv, <r olhei eonpi-hioenH and '*ay var> v.'.lh lb; tyjx- of iqJu* *fnl froni wlmh the samp'e ws tat on dur lb d>ffv*ul i #0> of f*<}u d to sohvt lusutaiion m ' . ' ' tp :lhp hiflh Solvency .jpowe i of >e aiskareJ. tSwCn $h arxe^ialiie , ivthr cortterd ? ) delchi, bmAdowr. Viitw)p of the a^aref as wxlC&od abpvi ^ htjjjh pow<r fandr s^don impair me .(. Mnv>ceaf*iiity. of askarel w'ithm lathp-' inoad vunits M tt , - * 1&T ;t>r^ prison! -C'f fK^af Utfrte: ifcMfi k. . .' flcoognfl&og the possibility. pf awide range o' .poWef factOfSbemg t. mchd tc asWtl in m WrtiiiipmchV,u is d' fioult tpedabVh * ik\: ,t)n$e lniit;whtch woujd be acceptable ip both suppliers and user* :.. ; , for fc^apbhcat ions*- jMovyevtr, as a l>road goidi, jxwe* factors tip 10 *lOut 1(TH at \}t par'd 60 rycM per second the a?) do not in *.<: general tp$catc ey-abnorma? contamination providing that Oh: othc> ouciis fwativ content. d>eU<b*C tre>> town vohagt,tu.1 ^fe met. Much 'higher p^yi/cr faelorsmayindicate exceedye ' ,.s: coptamin&Uoft br |ihe ^application of thejoHd materials used in manufacture , n pontact with . the uaskdrel and .should bp , investigated ,* Xfll. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage - Moisture Relationship 1 he dielectric breakdown voltage of askoiel is highly sensitive to excels moisture; not sensitive id"ordinary dissolved polar .materials. While the dielectric breakdown Cottage can also bp loWerad by sevdfe arcing, askarel .tyros noticeably black or pas particles of scanty Catbon floating in it *f atcing has oceuired, Then the transformer should be repaired and the eskarel replaced. v 1 *. If flit diclcciitc total down voltage is checked pt riodica'ly end decrease : $fgriificandy *e ^it indicate* moisture ptdk-up, .*r<;<rg, or both When die dielectric b'eaMpwn voltage h?s droppr rf to 26 KV or iosi, an analysis for water is rrOoessary. it water is found in excess of 40 ppm at room temperature, its Souioe should be located and corrections ihadc , \ '{ When the moisture: oynieht applo^c5ies12h ppm (saturation level at room umpnatun*). lire dielectric breakdown voli^ of asla'c! diops bctovV the value required for efficient insulating, t hfe moisture content should not be allowed to Viseover 70 ppm, sampled tp operating temperature. If-the moisluie content is found to be in a satisfactory range arid the dielectric breakdown voltage . U low, the transformer manufo'tyrer should be coniuHod Table IV-shdwf tire -MationsShlp yf dielectric breakdown voltage vs. moisture ond Table V indicates ^he approximate yvatcr solubility limits m askarcl and mineral oil 1 1?SB IV Relation of Dielectric Breakdown Voltage to Amount of Dissolved / WV r in Askarot and Mineral Oil Water C oi tent ffvMf Breakdown Vohage fASIM 0677) ' Askarel 1 v. . Mineral Oil 0 /OKV 60 KV 20 W, 39 <fd 47 30 60 40 . ?C 80 38 rt 110 10 6 0194203 fOW6LDMON0024656 " ,f * ^ ^ m ^*ht r ft*' J \ a " ^ "*'% ,\V *'lfy-'v >< < * f<4 ^ ^ AJ; r*r .*,*, ^. V/i>^ k-pAj ^f**1*^'-* (A -j 1 ji }' * s'/ * ', f^-V1" '* * f k ^ * W, ^ ^ 7'* Approxh Solubrf'ty ofl&fttitr t*\ Ttanstc^fwei t * Ask*Me'ar?MHjfcVf>ft ' 1 * Amount oUVbV l^piyt) Dissolved , 30 ' -72 \* >6 .- -4 10 -M " *, ' 9 3? - 10 bt) 1 20 - 06 1^ SO (if. ** *10 104 , 6 16 28 41 6<j ' 01 128 . 170 '. * 16 i >. ^13 33 08- OS , 130 . XIV. turbidity ' .. may bf the visual sign of tmtbss .Ivi-d water, or may Indite d)u. k \ndme may also result from cold pivcipUftticn of 'i* tclrttftfnyl v tyeavertgcf*Uiat v.-as^ed n iht.Mtyten-ryranoft transiOfmtltt^Yhiv scavenger .begins to come out Of solution around 15*? abdvo ty(o. To icdisijotvc it requires heating to 156and agitation. fhgh ''dielectric breakdown ,yougo Wilt quickly indicate that1jiny-' turbidity present Is not moisture; |hst the insulating efficiency of the; ad 0<41 Is still excellent Howevci, if the dielcclnc iheqg' fatlon ?6 KV, moisture should be determined, using the KprJ fisinef ptfethod tA<UM 01533 60), 1 rfhe dichctifa breakdown wtu$e ie&i forttkereJ senmprhmrjt/&$$ti hhbeator (ot myrstyf^ /< hby tint rnost important mtfM&fytpe.teft- for itu't^o/mar mK&M 'rip^}'.;- ia -:'v-:-.1:\^`:'^r'' ' \v Vv'.H,' XV. Check Point'- for Maintaining Askaiof Insulation A Ornpial Consist lations* \" v :;.' Modern 'askarel.-transfermars with Welded construction t>r silicone .*.v-:-or VHon* gaskeu. (hand bole^over, ; Mtgh .. e > .-terminal w :." compaftiheni -covers) and with .property constructed bushings , . v roqtfre Inde melnieoancc*'Wqh" properly /eon^tiuctod traqsa formers,'-.annual pr fciYil-anniraV visual inspection and die%trW ; brfe?1ukvn'.vpltage fesrof the askare! fluid should *ufhc* tor ; loutino maintenance chucking over many years of serv}ce. a:. -vvv-.-e- tlowovci, ftiany *i*kan1 uuU v,rre installed mthc eaiiy 1930s - before tl*o development of some ol fhe better modern gaskeong : materials .and..before-improved dpslghs wora.rifyelopod tpr baling j\ out mplsture. Such early units should be, and canhe, ..' ]" Irajcy or detptimated gaskets should bo replaced, if the dskaiel , * hdSbtH}iitConlaminaUd,HsUojldl`4'rcoonditioncd AMhesame tiini*, a gtneraj clc^nu^*of <? uri(and fus<ft/c tifmfrfm^ iii V 4 drsir^Ua, ' ' K- > .;. si< - Z&iM* ,Kt! ;-'j ` -.'',v,J.', > < II II Is not corivci.tf.il lo t.V-f i-. old Hnnsfoimei oo| of Mrylo- loi j H-fs.is, lei.*:, r.tK sealed un.|K>i*ul,tJV furnlSna i .. ttip.te*ir i,.nih tf-MRr ` -- "*'" .......... ` .V r ft i JWD' TOWOLDMON0024657 - pfeiViN; is fitointainad with? tfheh by introducing nitrogen at 7 to 3 pounds above atmospheric, Uvularworkfuen in the area daily r reOOto the temperature and pretsure.-H a sudden pressure diop is noted jook riUog< n it tntrodoffc d and the gaskets a < cheek eJ foi .Ttrffiki with soap solution; leaks seated y. applying epoxy x*0>ehi, > ,, ,' Modem Scaling Piooeduies - /.tc^nsTpimer purchasers ^tiotytd specify the following modem techniques fpi seating " 1/ We1d*ng -Construction. Covers radiPor connections, switch ; .; and v'^maf housings, Instrument connections, tc. should t>c vuVdcd, 3f, -. Bushing Connections^ A m/mbef of bushings have been .. developed to , obtain a proper seat Tor. the electnc*! ' Connertion through the tank wall *lhy aic classdiod as ft hows v v p Welded Type 4tfthiog flange welded to tank wall) a. Ccst resin bjthing with a moldrd seal to the ; * - bushing stud and external stainless steel or copper , flanges ,t ,, b. Polled fierce bushing with the metal to porcelain sea! at Pie cap and flange nrKle by being rolled into . ^ > , g/odves in the porcelain over i/lrcone rubber rings. ' The seal between tf*t erv and stud is made by wilding c. Porcelain or glass bjtfitriys with metal to gV-s oi metal to porcelain seals. > ' ?) Bolted Type' (Bolted to lank wall) .* : v . > : . ;: a. Cast reiin t>u.<h)ngs with either cast pr m - flang`d containing recessed gj-kei gioovcs ! > >:., . b. Porcelain or glass bushings with flanges containing >\ recessed grooves or gasket slop ; vibe gaskets may be either of rectangular or circular cross seclm usually V* Inch thick. Bushings with recessed grooves are suitable to us- with coik, coik-oitnle rubber combinations or nitrile MiIkm .as well as gasket materialssuch 8s silicone or Viton, 3, Small Size Connections: Witch not possible to weld. smsU si?e connection seals should be made with Flexitallic* . stainless steel 'rings. The surfaces must be machined ar>d ; : poialiel. The fiber between the steel laminations of the .;^ .v , Fiexitalhc fing'should bfc either t'hconeor Viton. 4.'' Gaskets for Hand Hole Covcis: Modern design tj>ecified , ' , silicone gaskets. $uch gaskets must be ictained in a groove, i The gioove preferably is machined into the flange o cover. However, It can also be formed by wilding conunldc suel ` strips to Hie flange 0 thereover. Generally the gaskets should v / t>e b/16 to 1/2 in. thick for covrrs, depending on the depth 1 . of the gioove or slop, A rectangular cross section is usually tlS'KJ Ihc srluonr mah*iai should be Oc* Co'finy No bP Sdaitir** or equivalent Ths is a levs t'/<piuvon set material. Fo brsi sealing ?0?iS ooMp't* sx>o is re -o nmendid, with a. )pli tliaianc*. In flu g oose or stop to i allow fen this compievin ; > ?:! No cement Ss required With reasonable cate tin. gasket H . rerbovahlc withput'dam^eand^reuseabte.-.r',. . . s1pa*c 50 4s slightly swelled by askaiel viftiidh contributes to fhv tgh|n's of ih** V<> It is oold^teilor^ed b;ed fluid or vepots ll rtsbtn VvCt'dH rjr$ and ft i$ th m>My stdf>U a'd t %1defiarkoT * of Goike? tk>np>'v . nlng ^ 'v 019^?0 *j ) m i TOWOLDMONOQ24658 ,,, KOlt sfppV? h$t >f . Spastic SO gfdei lab.\cat<w> td^ah bnsh>tmiM rwinuforTu'cV t>r twr*. they vriU aVp Jotaishvibnlcal i data $oi` Append\k J &>*Vh,% fiop^rhtk end C fhcOldri Sa i gAiffluyonWiYU r' Tt>c older typi Q^kefs consist pf fill's.; cosV or coik nitrih. rubber i combinations pr straight pU> He rubber. -. > I. Cork Nitrile Co nWnalions' Coveis for v r main tank, 7 / ^ hand-hples, switch end terminal chambers, relief draphrams/ , etc,, *>f hr Id In plac-e by studs welded to the flange pi by bolt* 3he ^asVpli. art art With oj" nings end plfltvd over fye` ->.-. bolt*. Often Shctlat (Wespnghouse &ty^ No. 11*^19, V G*'np<-1 Cti'Unc Coiipany** Glyptf'* 1?J6) o<-rd to % tement the cork to IfMMlanftCX *- ...v ' The following Is itpomnuAded for sealing wUh IVc* ock nitrite rubber combinations* Use Armstrong NO/b7 cork nitrite i?tcil#T or equivalent 1 he gt.Vi l Cno be cut from a single sheet or by sw fvg stops :. :. of the nurbsMflk A convenient method for joining strips i$io. . - ` : ; re aV.r 0 Keystone Tyjwjoinr for this purify:, Wcstinghouse, : ),,.. v $h?Mpf\,Pennsylvania, offers their gasket cuiterStyleT4o,9?$ DCMpOt W^n|:fCk .v J hr JoiiUs - aird also the gasket >: should be cemented tofhc flange, ws*r*y on of the above x- sr-rhu txa ^ con -ml should ncufjc allow edio fet h the Inferior of the ttoosfoirnn.. Alter tnsh' hon and f >Mmg, th' outodt edyf f tbt gSsket V `' should be a.:Hd thoroughly with epoxy cement <o increase ' vi'eatbp? ytsrstancp . , This epoky cempnt o a paste to vvhrcir a curing catalyst H Oddcd m mediately bctoi^ u<c. Typlcat an - a t poxyPatch Kit #1-C > I lyso) Cm ppratUm, Ole&n, New York b bootchl <*(** flf it'i 1 ,*. , < Minm.sota Muting & Manufacturing Company o v ;. v St Pwuk M.niitsnta ( ' c Adlu'slve A1 and AcirvatofTyf^B jt Armstrong fuducH Company Argo nr^oa'I, Wasav ,Indian* ' d Adlusvp 9S00 J, Syntbetis.' Or^uic Conuvny, ^t > ; Cieveiapd, Ol*loy used with,achvatpf d/ctbylehe trtam?r>c " fCe>bide grid Carbon Chemical Company) V t ?5' * ;; Staig'rt N.pil) f<utiJ*er When straight nrhile ruUur wav nfrjirtelly ood. irtvenh bt* ihc paskef viz' av,S'-f"d in agtoov^-, T his prevent gasket flow and to jwoteci the wM-nift ; ng.irrst cx<^s*'vl c ipes'*ion Although this t^>? se' v^as Pot cemBnted, the rtilrile xtrlteVjgavkt s pot reviseable, v?>; /. ; > Since gioowj r slops have ^ ''<> iy Vf,` i^ovtd^d for lh< pilule -fubt^: Sila(frc SO ch bi c .'.'iy sob^ir.ued and 4* tauurupendrd Tti5s<x>rtform>v/rth rnok m p?''iia'. XVI. Pwioriit; fluid lny>eaiou sftd Whsi C^sriKpironlt Wb.m On a tr-gute' aetKdirti at frx, mne.pj Iwclv \h- Pike a Vimx^e^isiiat 1ns|fct*r>A ol yqur askar^ ii^ylationVnff yyn tf dietoctric : bftatdownWtogi ' ' *1iu hfn> bt Ot'Ki#) f if* i< Coji ry ( ' .'"''Ifiv Umrtfiy^il W!u^rA>r/iM e1r & udha Cohv>p,1> r 'A. V<$u<jMny*eclion ^ /*s8 *1 u * elrr faint yOi&w liquid Attci longic m u*. I'm t*of may g^rduetly mUnslf> to light brown, le fluid ftould .. iew?u dear and boo from turbidity or cloudiness > ' ' >.. , , A^y color $i*^(*tQ4iSceii td orblye esm * indicates impurities toplor matei'iaU) from the $okdinsulation.1 If d 1 net foremn color pick up is noted. cU<i Ibr <n npUte `range of electric! chaum 'isbc* a'rd nobly the 'vos-h* me: .*;.? ~,*vi maker. frlaekening of the askaret may Indicate an arcing condemn. y'v.Oitie! color danges . alorte `are not danger "signal* since the - dielecbic breakdown voltage is not likely to be impaired, . B Dielectric fkaal ddwn Vpltage f > v.ff the dielectric breakdown voltage has deceived significantly from the fast insertion,, or it it bus gradually <k,*ca*M below 26 KV rang, fat 7VC) ~ BUN A CHICK FOM MOfSUIRS, Us< ASTVD1b33(KeilFiKh(rMuhodh ' : > Jhe dielectric breakdown voltage of a.vkai el is tire major indicator \o ih curating cfhdf ncy of ycnir liquid un rtatlon Besides th* visual i ^JCClion U* U, dck*cin( biCikdown voltage is the only :! test necesjary to run on routine bash. Well-sealed askarel \ transformers have ecrvloe records of ?& fo 30 year s on the original asVard XVII, Inspection Checklist U it atkaiel fr clear - even though darkened to bgM biown, has no -!'"d or .{tiit*lchty4h&$ dielectric breakdown voltage over 26 KV - give it tin* inspection "'OK". ? If askatfl r> clc^r, but he* foreign color of Wue.fi'urn, red .. i is "e>ti|KiMig color" Jum internal matulals Ibis (snot of iHrlt. an Ol*f*i0(iny hS?afd whin the dielectric breakdown voltay -ysovir 26 KV and moisfua remjins low However, this ra*t o< onenO' calls foi checking into the v mditron of the* mterioi roosbuebo*' end pbrisidtfrtg the transformer maker. However, When Sampling If* fund cere should be taken to Ovoid gelhrtg colot into t- c : . askatel bom paint that may be inside or outsidepf the sample valve, s > 3. if the moistuife content Is found to tx above 70 ppm si operating , . temjxjfaturtv lhcn sampling should be done at more frequent i :intervals to cstabhsfi $ possible trend, paiUcrrtarly on outdoor invitations, , 4/ ^ ff eskar^ is cleat. but d*eiectricbreakdown \oitage drops to 77 or tower KV, ;and .moisture fiscs over ,60 pf>m whep sampled at Oi*eMtmg trnpx aturt the ad are' u rrudy fof simple .' *rtfinmg". M the moisture Is nftar the saturation level fa1xul 12b : ppn\ at room fempetaturej a (horougfv Inspection slrould be made >. ;. for waicr droplets Jn the trai>sfonner tank, arxj even foi :v '''filobutes^.of water floating on the ^skarel Smlaoe. H found, the * -. transformer manul&ctuier should be consulted for reconditioning both the Imustoriuc-r and UtC ftmd b, 4? a rfl is dm* **r0v.n to l/vl, f Wat* particle* of c*'hon a'e Si cm, and didtilm stit.sgth tov . iht a^kurel ha1-IxiUibroVt u down by arcing It cannot b'' refined airtl should In leruovcdand *cnt e `dtrrvpr |wbper condmom (*>0vf ANSI r^oimllhcClO? iejK.il m> Uf* #rrf of AskfiieJ and A^ari !S<>d: ?J tf-it rifih 1430 ft o.'iway, York, New YorV 10018 ^ If -jirty of tljek slmpk trsK app^&f out oT the % ordinary or the rcUhorw^tp between iy>rv a vf and test va'n* > rs ( obnortu&l, nooCaol your ba Aforr supplier lot a fcomptett ' YVhu.cvu a^p'np!e tibi,fup;'d toMonMuto. p'ceSf* fultnv, th* fKiiom shown tirtdei. '''V^^bfNO ASKAfifl 1 1 019A207 HO, !%# 'MM pe. #dWlS|tS|SrtlKi TOWOLDMONOQ24660 XVIII. Cti ilAnflfiatiof) tn ,, W!s>istu<< (hultpeltf^ oifcUer and duomppytibn prOdutfU fcfC Mown M- >w? jciinwi ^x>ti|tmtp6?o>S irnltae-'niCftt on \iaft*tchtjr #gfc*af. r 1 he po.vti factTM tt si ncwtialiy us'd fo 1e detection o? cOMamihalion .m> iitlneml otf iNnx-lorfncjb H of huit use fo< this purpose in. ad ami Mlrd doc to f/*c iKten(* effect of <xpan<>us soluble polar tnaleiialf, This Irtcfease in power factor $s i!lu$b*ted In .. laUV VI has oo advciw ctfe i on dielectric breakdown voltay '\ avtv vi fffoct q1 Common futufation Materials on Tower " r actor and Dielectric St<crijjMi u : ' Dloat 90 Hours In Askarctat lOOC.f ,1 * . , .v.toatciial Immersed A,> artl A!Iff E xjrosure PO.VII 1 Percent et CO tyc, tOOC DielorlrTc Strcnfilti _ ?5"C. None fooni'ol) BlpfV varnished doth Cop|*.i Ti<p*t>oaid 1 Manila paper :;.. Phenol formaldehyde rcMus Shellac (s Iron Synthetic roller > , 1.0 - 35 KV ' O`.,0 <t 15 . AO to 37 1.5 ' 39 1 6 41 6.0 30 60 ' 35 70 0 30 Similarly, yace onierttments from Commonly trs&f construction roiAcnok can lower the volumtNesislivity of eskarel, Without affecting iisdirleotru bie.iVdOAnvoliage.lhisushowrHhlableVJI.c f Table Vl I Cffect of Common 1 n<-^*ottc-t MrftciiaU ^ on Volume Redslivity of Askarel 1 * San>jflt Volume Riisistivllj *10 o!t[11 C.ii: (gl , 100-C.. 500 Voltv OC.. 0 1" se;.) I.Nev a&iMtl befote heat 0gh ?oo3 ?.New asi-Aral alu Vir.n aging So hoursal UX)C 1.900 3 After heat aging with 1 *q. inch specimens ot; , a. Phenolic resin tap changer pratenal A. .. 1^00 h Pupor , 7b0 c Cir.ide A piCJ<l>Ori'd ftan) 500 '. d Ciadc A pcssboAid Igray) it , i' Orade A piessboard. laminated strip ' , . 600 4M j' 1. Cotton wrapping - . 300 i 0 ( pUl t?/6oeni{int,cured48lus at HOD too I Vfhijc ConUnM ikon easily lowm volume resistivity ftom high \tvc\ it i) impoitAht to note that heavy contamination when aioed} not loyk'cr thr icdshvfty below the <>r<fi. of fO5' ohm cm ei lOChC. I. *1 Of -cJJffrront-lxjfipvlo? o| askfiiel vs, nriperal f>i1 in these respect* cart be.-, aumman/M as IoHoac . High /w.ti 1<<L*or i`d lov, volume reactivity in ban'-formr nun' ia1 oils late corurbonU tep* ded as 'danger sign*5*" lha* ah ' txi tut dc-tfcfio'au-d and troken down cheruicahy <, extxsi'vc h moisture h$> tkftt * 1 . j This isNQf 1 fitjf oT a Vaul liquid insulation unless Ox dieVt Uc biefrt down voh<i*<-p i - o' P< inovlu'Cttrfih'nitfftigY * M TOWOLDMONOQ24661 Manubyluit1* Of askaiel type irapforn^rs point out that rs iv quite s .51 known that eden*| transformers with impel j>M't* ia to of il* r^*re' flo*<? in -exxx'^of ]KH a* room tv-iyptfa1 o-e and69H`a'egiv'ng ,; satisfactory strylC Uf.$wvcvth<>fe needs to be assuf^mse that both dule^Jc b"$ekdoV.n voUv end mplstme ureal wltsf^c lory Tuetv and dOnOtShOWfehGSCbepdt: ' 1 XIX. ASTM D3?&5 Methpd for Invcsfiautitig TheConip.'{ibifify,of Trensfotmcr Insulation Construction Muteiiete in A&arelt This method us* Hk* chang? of el^ctrlCfl d/oi chum at . cheracuifl^a ot. transformer askareJ resulting born Hi controlled exposure fo Insulation find omsiruchon materials, in order to evaluate . th$r tmw&dljate major ^cootemmMion^ effect on the aske'et fluid. Delved or long time contamination eflfcb may not be dr ter ltd The method also utilizes various physlwl tui*. 01 the rnsu'auon and construction materials allot controlled cxj,urt to i.e mkare* to dederrftlne the oomjratibility Of these materials v/ltl iteinfotiou at arel . Properly proportioned specimens of thr Insulation or thueluml materials v Imme.sed in echoed ask? <t 1o' 168 hours at lO&i 1*C in a forcocj draft oven, "Charge in electric^ anJ chemical pfpitfrliesol the vtransformed ^askarel ar4 compared amidst control sample of the askeifct Healed to the same manner, in absence of the tut spe^rm-ns Dissipation factor {ASTM D 9241 change is one 01 the criteria used The ask ereJ fluid is rthned by absorptive treatment to a dissipation fartor level of OXfc max. at lOCKi and 60 Hz and 001 rna* it ?b*C and 60 Hz. Cor responding values of the askatef fluid pTiei Ik **><$ 16$hous et KKPC in absence of a tc*t specimen ate 00/6 and 00? reactivity. The maximum dissipation facing levels supplied tor the adartltltai beating in piesenoe of tbi test sp^rne i a*e 0 ?C at !C>?C end 60 Hz er,{J0 01at2DCo^160H? * XX. flefmTng AskareJ for ftctiso A, filtering Through Dry tbultei Pa/w to Remove Moisture and , fxuancousfai tides Most operators pufer portable refining apparatus, suck as a plate press fitted with a dolly, available from Sparta, MundiUin, Illinois or General IccImcCompany, Pittsfield,M.*scC|*uKt*..or 1 lot earflxfn cartridge filter fyp< available from Indu Irta1 f*U< Corpoiatipn, t<bfr>oo, Indians, fitter paper liners for thi plate press are avertable from Carl Schleicher end $cbualt Company.. Keane, Ncv. Mantpshire and mahuf<irturu> of fitter p,uvn luted above The lifter pa/vr nlu<l be drreJ fnup&baiih 1*ftvi use, To* l l results, spread tfe fypu 1or maximuni iurfece eximsuri ui e tint all clruilaling oven and heel it fo 4 to 6 hours et f 10*C Circu'dtc the esVetvl hot (but not over 40C) thru igh Uk filter fitted ^ ith the dry paf*fcr liners After filtration the d|('t<y,P*t breekdosvn vott^ of the es>- ! should be KV rnln.mum PHI CAUTIONS , - 1. filtering shou]d not be dfvu v^icri the relative fitwoiddy Exceeds 7i>% > _, ? Any bexilde hos^ard $-- *ts on iu rtbnir^ equlpmr '*i, u9p^d be tHi 0 svltf O n*^ of n l* ioH ^*at w U fc-t br softened by ConW\ w.0 eskurc* flvn'f IM wri^s 4 h d wlff VitON or leflori* ot f'eylbU prete* ' nret^feis m suftehSc | " at^ fr6 Pomptny,4r;t * .c } fl(si j * I t i* I TOWOLDMONOQ24662 i;.V 'k -r V- ;I ' ,t \ ... tj'i* # -. % ' , ., ' ^ . v *' - ^ f '* '* "H1 , '1lA 'i .. < > < * >. \' l,1,,, I , 1 ! k ,*' '; i. , - < IViW s 'riifoog'i t ` 'Yit.iei in Aska'et ,' > . PrM.. > .1 ',\,t r : T', '* ^ a : . 77 18 12 10 10 , t ij Disposed So!idW.nies The ANSI guide CIO? 1-1974, Sf'ClIon 4.1,6 givu del* 1*1 mdihtncndatiord, v1 ` ,c Solid Insolation Kcrjulung Dicing tl the solid insulation of the bahtfon *ar requires drying, consult the transformer wshufactufer Of Vf) apparatus service shop, ev'm such case oyen drying Is preferred, ' 0. l*rth Tr< tioftn! lor Maximi-'ii Improvement of Power Factor arid Volume ftrlfcbvlty , We question whether pumping and filtering tlife fluid ^ptely to rlJevc a change in powvt ffl'lot Or volume revslivltv BlonO U (justified In today's ecological pUmab* regarding PCBs. We focoip-: mend Dial in these (situations tho original transformer many*ac tor a lv cont^ied ' 1 Procedure . The esVar^l liquid should be relatively dry prior to the following earth filt< ation Ai a coating on the filter pjpe*1 surface use finely divided ' AttapulgUs* clay or Roller's cwlh dried and activated by .heating for 12 hours at 3003MJ 1- immediately prior to use. 'i . The nmount of earth uwd tSioold be 0.1 to 0,2 percehl by wilgfii on the v/iight of the odatd to If treated Askarcl weight 4tc*ul 12bpoundspr*, gdfp* v 1o deposit the t\ijh evenly,stu one third of the e&tlb With a * small poitiofl c*1 as^prel m a clean OonUiner. pump tU ' ` mixture through tl*e filter and follow with two fuo e ;r <i:' :ot)o-third portions. 4fhe circulate askaret taken from'hear* |h too of the t'4rifome' p*ss ft wSun foot ov^ &&XS) Ihioopi the eorthoocteJ blur and ft d b.>Ck through the bottom banvfgirrH't outlet Continue circulation until thi fluid is fully rc and test jtatv* 11*1 the tlo'bical pioperlicsero < ^1 %' J* Clfpi 1 of JFp th on firfitoval ol ScaVfeng(;rs \ ^ ^ `, Only slight a ut insigMifica*`t los^ by artecilvc abs pion of tin tchapVnyi a,>d eppxJd* s ooou'i y.her^ a^arcl it . b> ti'^rbnCut vi'itli 01 to 0 2 percent by Weigh* of ea-th lo )t th tSga*.iilmhca^h'Ut: O0rIMttoWyV.d'fP^'*M>lf tHiIVe scavehger^ ri^^/HjufVrefi' jr*e x<V? ', lili/vaC 1 omr.t wi, inrttltf snu'.iinl c utiktUlk ,..r,,i^ <1 _ %. _ * , jr K , . `t 11 ' " ; <' '""< > > , ii&5\"^'s5<9K, iw^S puWvfc i*'v 7*-^'**; *" ^ m .* r v ' ,1 . ' . i \ , . -I- J j, f ,'J|> a.1 4 'l,''.,* o'1'" ' * . 1 W--,1 , * 019^?10 ) TOWOLDMONOQ24663 Approximate ftcl&bOtiditpShoViiflfc the tnsiyriiho7"t 4 tllec'* offov,c* f actor and Volume fU .bli/fly On *. TJlPfecn BfeakdoWM'Vo|,u*ge of Traiofornier AShartf ICKfC r f 41 U <-yc.i - Volume RrPsp"!jty * * I09 o' >n n (at Ur kdowp _ lOOC.btKiVo'b^ Voltage ' gaji1' jKrtkOrgip 4 i 1 ' 1if% ' 6&% 1i% >0 ?6% 4o;.o% ' D.O^ 0.1* 1 , 0.7* J0% i;a33tS|S 1K<i &00 ' 100 $0 70 2$ 3`* KV , 3$ 3$ 3b ,& e 1 .XXI. Cleaning Arpw Yiwvsfo/it*s If a unit has arced w*1hat the askarcl is np lo.igcr fit for use, a thorough deariing of the unit is necessary before refiling v*,'.h new asVa'el insulation and returning /t t0.ft?rwpev Follow this procedure injuring care is iqKch to present any fpss of liquid askortl to effluent streams. A, C>r*1n out all di X, e*bpnco tamitiatcd asi Bal Atra'ig' to have the. fluid ihcmc- sited uuder proper conditions. (Sec ANSI ' Committa CIO? upo.* 1 B. Ca< tfully b ush carton deposits from internal parts and mutation, using a soft (>f>sttr brush making sure that Insulation is not da M^"d, rC, Flush thoroughly ps1r$ new askarel * not an oik r*ot a cleaning solvent ' 0;, ^riu h a >opond time with Ircsb aflcarel; drain; then fill to the pv K`t U'Vil with ncvs a' > et. E Fntffiire tf^n^crniei to warnr tnc fluid fo ?fl to 4$ boras, tbir circulate thr gtkfr'dJ through a filter, returning it to the unit filtered and ready lor use,., v 1 , XXII. Sampling Ashate* ' lat-P a sample as close to the top of the liquid *irf<jce a. posmWo. Mu i, Jar^e eskarel transformers have d built-in iamptmg tube near the surface fol convenient ar)-ptjng. fpcri^ to make sure that your sample truly tepr^sents yoyt askar^l tnsulafion, take another sample from tt* bottom. It additional sanding tube connections arc contrived on if* valves for castor sampling, n>aW Jhe tubes of clean glass, stainless stre!, aluminum or tm (Or rigid types; >d silicone, or Viton or Teflon tubing : lor fJocit*'" fyp s Use NEV contemns Ipr the adcartl sample. A oca and thoroughly pre dried, small mouth quart g'en t*>tlU ftiiaf with a ttokclih f " $/<. . cap with aluminum or tin cap lino? Is recomnieisped for ^juick, on sue testing iU complete'analysis is to be made, Sprnt si/ sample b re(|diredd ,v < !I Be sure that the new b^dc docs not stand open to oolhct duM w moisture. Rinse the samp^i bottle and tty hnir^ two & three time* with askaiel front the v< isfo'inu. then fi`` it It the sample will lx* lo^od promptly, a cher gle^ battle c^i b ed. If sarnie is to be Stored uid'vhriie]y, use an amltfr flVs> bouV t* wiap cleat glass with aluminum folk A Sclrot a dry da*. t)onot sample injutatior on a vu'm.mo ' vs'Jy n humidity f^ctedv TMfe.a d ... ,--.*ThU ai^umes ihfti Ouj #UiWubedan*t corrections i.'tiytwprv taw!?a arcing oetjwf*.'major ttp&Ut a** uui&fiy pacew&iy -and ft* unh ' etuttt, 1 }> proeWur^ .Can t *pj*lit^ for fluking (>ut she rtpp.-'ed ur>hf. ' - Vol&htHs CJoVP'nttisb ^ S* t fs ?* ) in01SA?11 Nfr'^4k** ,njrwi 'TV/-' TOWOLDMONOQ24664 B wnf- that tho u 11 as- tV Sw rounding a> i (CokJ liquids e$t* ^ondpnsr moisture fi om buuui at Jt C 4 Whrn sam/irng eduvcl fiom trenslororf-;^ it Is bet* to lake the wiijflc v>Vn Itu doll is Wtffm and ojx ebng at qvC'ty. <x maMmun, load, csj>cct&My tor a digok pn rhoTstufe as rerWtedfcy , <Jic' chr brtekdmvn voltaic lest, J>fnujhng %V>c v-am askart* tnb'e truly rej> cents its o< uMior* di/rif^ Opri^non ~ Ofertcw* $hovs tM wdl*r vuH oiVau ttor^t * roc'* so*id insulation to die esKvef liquid a>d yre vc* `depending on Ihoufote, tfthen the bAr^Tormct is hot,, the mo Mure ii most Ref/lo be found In tin* liqu d TV'S accounts largely lor l> tiodic warierJom In dielectricfMcakdown voltage Foi e^&rttplu.a * u'ativety high dieftewe breakdown vjJiagr may b? found during w5"Ur n>fndiv jiml e lOtalivtly Uu` diulectiic breakdown volte*/ during the summer mouths 00 sen ji j. 1oS<*j. from the same unit. When ft .ling has been ^omphted, the urnnde<' cl the fru*d sample should In' d' sboyl'J by high ti>nptratore tucirtctytton dttchhcd mbedt*or> VIII ' 1 1 I r TOWOLDMON0024665 (O' to) 3rfim )B3 Ashmvt Filled Switches and Terminal Chambers V. Introduction High WQltfpn If ads a; e usually porvieUed lo a'-kcct or mineral oil filled 'fictwdllc vapsTm mers and power centers through terminal chambers r and sWhcheb lo some`easels tenhlnal chambers &ro bOl used, and the . vdltafle ledd? ar^r C<Sht)fcted dnecOy to the switch U-rrmnaH, They rftay be filled with ejther askarel or mineral oil. Switches are usually fotdiy or drub* type fitted with a revolt'..igbtocr a Kfpofcihin unit at .*iq principal element arranged to* thuc phase seryios, ' * ,| 1 j. I | ? 4 Aikareltiartsfoniteri with tUactred twitches 1haveb?en In ute for atKHrt 30 yen's When tlx *' won. h 5`intioduced, the availability of Insulating and gasketing matynats wasfatherhmited andevon thebest materials at the time had 00 scivice history As a result, m&dequtte fskflmg materials such tv*ik, nitrite rubb'.*. md nitnlc ji/hUej-amlcorV Articles wcic used. While satisfactory for a hirmed pcilod of tme, these materials Cannot be depended upon for the expected long life of, the equipment , ... . ; I -t [ t r J, t : .| ; |,j 1 he terming dhambet fs ,usually et>pve or beipw.thc switch odmpaviment and separated by a steel wall througli which the bushings a c \nsfcijcd. When bustling are ptopeily seltc* d and a>.n.ctsy installed, there 1$ no leakage pom one comparimtM to the otbei. With poor bushing seals, and the terminal chamber *iov< the switch, potting DOrripdupds or cable pit can seep Into the aska el When die terminal : dtiemlic. is below the swltrtj. askarel can dtait into tht teimma1 chamWr. - | ,| 1* |j j1 i : | *{ j If. Sources of Contapbndtion < Inert are fhrec possible sources of Contamination for eskarel in switches and terminal chambers; they rank ui this Older of frequency 4II Water Cub ring Unough poor gaskets; f?) decomposition jxodjets from arcing When switch used to break mflgneririn.g curient; 13) o')H(i ce of pothiad or Cobl compoundv through leaky bushing tu's { I * ,^ i1 (* Unlike an aSkantf transformer where the amount of contaminant is likely to be very small (pobebly only trace amount*.) in relation to the .volurpc of askarp? fluid -' in swjtdbes or terminal chambers with faulty seals. te amount of contamination c*n be relalivtly larg. fxpilichee has shown that, based on the number of installed askarel switch units,, the percentage of failures He*tcmtly small When invCitigalftfi, it has been fpund that most failures o< iglnate in the switch chamber,' Water is the chief source of ooplammavorl. However, heavy contamination of askarel with pepotaium arid asphalt material, due to leakage have caused a few failuu s PeholMum is used fr< qutnlly fo* filling terminal c< ambers When either cable oil o petrolatum seeps into askaiel, no gctf ha m remit* the fire resistanoe will be sonev.h?t decreas'd and pcwcr facto! of tfu. avkarif will rncitd e w;th an prix>pipanying d'Op in resistivity. Whil highly undesirable, it is doubt Ju' fjiat foilurc of 0-c unit results WhC'tosjihaHie >nuounds art us * in ft*'* of j> Vo stum, Ih< dang-i ii inicre?^. sonevyhat -because asphaibc 'pontaminstion may cause t xoeSsv^ V Wgh ditto* vie ips^v in thr askarc1* When the UmijoV1 ch<*.i.b<'l below Pu SW|U3I rha nV . tlh. pc<TVng cpn'ipourid cap be contaminStud by askarcl if fhe Inching scab ar# leaky, fhu is undi'mable the a^varel wi I <nv^fa* W' power favJo* and conduuivay of fh? fouirg conpoutd or cable o? vd ctesilpp hex? from dieVcblr )oi< If this mlxtuic is d<tht calic fr om?i3 y '' F TOWOLDMONOQ24666 *'i<j o lafiu i h i&eh th^ ay<m Ompha^m lU^Jjn| a^er^blifci- it r } ^ ^ f Ml $raiing$*iVtot6i>4 TftrfidiieilChfttntrfi* (L Yi o,xv b,chirg Construction, v.c of Sdfi>1e v*aH and swlduit. Whe cVer poplh'? Jfc' f>V/.V xJt-shabfe (as .cbvcred Jn Sc>ct<>n: A).\ Wber? a* feV-.tpmortc Ut4 H ^ bft Owd Sn contact Whfo t>ot|i as&aret tfo|< >iin qi|, DuJty't** Vdpn Kt sug-*- s; d I *y' tqi^nwutvthe yfat should: specify' tbesi modern sealing $i tojkfeep oJt conUnpiOanls and OilmnUze maintehautt?,''- .-'.^ IV. AsV?' d 0>o4 Uncfrr Mild Arcing Condition* Ine Hit Guide 1o Tianyfprmu Athene! calls attention to the totloWlhjJ1 . > I ' ' i J1 "'< -."Askarel H vK$*lp$ome extent, irt apparatus where a 1$*ut>}ectud i to hghtInfei nViUenl Brcmg, soclj as to-selfrcontatned induction : Insulators,Whe`fe Operating -Switches-are continually producing , jtijM tuc^, th transformer dccncrgl?mg swluhes, etc Under ftCnmal Ovndu>H, cb i?rior<ttion of the a4od is very slight. :k-. : Mowcvcr/lmproperly adjusted or defective switches in this type of. appArttm can Product exfuSMVC and p olonged arcing and ac/Miralod delimitation of the adsarel, It is recommended tfai -* ,' when feskpreJ is used under these conditions, dhotks pi the liquid,1 :, tispepiejly tot oioHti.de and dielectric breakdown voltage made. t mote. biqutntly than wbm u is used only as a cooling arid Iii>ol0(ng fin-d, poUtioiaiion of this tyi* is mdicetrd by a 1 blackening of iho liQuId. It cop usually be re-conditioned;as; ?,previously described- Special attention' should be given to^ '..j. maintaining the sc^vch^t at the appropriate oncentratlon *?- {-.. v V, Jtooifiteiianct for Ask&rel f tiled Switches A S.Mlchc# mot fo> g>ounding after power source 4 has beer) dr onergirad will not undergo arcing - v` HO SvvhiMs, Iftterjopling magnetising .current will be subject to 1 e'cngl wife amount of decomposition wdi depend on power < invefulpled. Hme and frequency r operation, Asf gfchetM tqte# ' die l;qU`d shook! be checked alter b to 10 opciations. 1, On newly fpMalied switches, cijrck the a'kaiet at 3,6 and 12 : , intervals; ill;foiled satisfactory, clieck once anpually < Vl'ilh proper atieotion to the gasV,cling of co*fii --I euf bushings, experience will probably Indicate that fes trcd|\itnt Ipsjx'cpon H Warranted ? Chet* MVaki Joi, > a ' Oi `utdc lrcaKdown volle-jp (AS1M D87/J: H should ?$ KV minimum If dittecplc tueaVdown vpliag*'* is low, ci*nltrn pa ence of water by K&r Fisdpr metfrod ASI^ O 1533 filter to afpou nolstv*re, Oielechic 1. itiongdi shouM then be 30 KV minimum, * '` b Presence o' carbon bom aitlnp' Fluid should be `' rtlatively Ikh. of* fa'bon If badly arced arid very blad^# rt/e'e fluid, If Only rnfeute anoii)ts of c&d>oh >re fHt. h fiMiaiiorj H recommended ChccV; powre? factor i>* i nd {should not be ovr 50t at 25C and 60 cycles). `` f Jqsh Out twitch fchouibfer with Several gallons of fiesh ' ui'-h'wil before Milling 3. M nJ|pr isdisrciforatio `Jiighpov.ti factor,dctectAtcch&ngf' In SpC^fttgidVity or rt tractive index, or if fluid fi ht<- below 2Li>f f ttme h a possibility of st vpag' of jx>uing compound, ini the switch r\>rnpeitment In tins case coirsc? any leaky buying v als vr th pro|>cr repla emejiU and f<'> with new aAaM, _ .' t `. . 4. \t VrOdnV tbanbe^ it betoo switdli` dxei putting ' Ourb/Kppnd for pti>rnoa of askaiel feat usually K d^t^ho . * bv odor or, by art fnciea<e hi specific gievdyk If askarti h pk>t}nt, co'recl a i> 1c^ bus'iing sM> with p^o;^* ,h rvi'tSUffM^rts^febdtef^wo^s'^thds ^ \y 6 t xanune c^n * g 1 <ts vsuaily `Di ^io>aton caf be ds!trd _ ,, $>> yufling end of the expo**! (pdfl*. In c&us of k sew u deterioration, JiQtfid se'pag*' *> u&Ur ' prtwnl > 5" JCta,! fo leakage *t parking gland of *h.*hf <* Itrt b$ rt-park wjIV* S{J'**r ring type p^kei VK Adhatrf Under EkCtoitt teriijpeuti*** , 4# t fid!t ' Coniiitlpns ^* The Ifcf t^uifle ahc* points owl fhst. t J,Ch!or^Kf\zeriLi usud m Va'isfoimer $.Wals tygln to boll at \ Kotpctaturcf o*etoin ftbS'C, under atmosjjbuic conditions If Uu * ! materiel jU he$td to such' high temperature Ip 9 scaled system, pressuu de^fflo;* fhcs^Ure vwt! e'so develop the system if tfn, dO ard n arcod sufhcki py to g* neretc copious hyd'OQ' n chip, ^ gas. "1hereby*, it is recommended that where ;rr possible, sealed ' adaidhtlod equipment be piovkkd with prossdfe "relief device Thew <tev{ce& most be large enough to provide Immediate rehtf at a t 'finite pressure, and to prevent fuither build up of pressor* if decomposition continues. It must be rcnentbcicd that the r presence of <k via s of tins jori does not nca warily jm< dude the rupturing of containing vessels, since pressure build up can be extrunefy rapid uncle/ v'oicjl aremg conditions" I6xirily& Safe Handling I. Inhftfation At ordmp'Y luripcratores the blphenylr In Askarel have not presented Industrial toxioo'uglc a* problems The hara*d of potcnOa* toxic exposure vaiiev with their volatility: the lQwv< Khlorlnited, rriore volatile ones present more of a potential problem from Vic shmclpoint of botb Inflation and skin contact. When Askarel fluids ait u>td at elevated tenrperetures, ei^ltseerfiig controls epust t* applied, either bv tli? \ of dos*d systems o* by effective 1qci-exhaust ventilation lojMoi with goneisi workioom exhaust. Vapors of Askarel at room temperature should not be breathed in a confined and no vapor of any fluid evolved at devoid terr^jiaime* should bf allow'd to be dispeisrd into the general workroom iohatatioft test* <A animals Indicate that the maxlmuni safeconcentu ton of veppr is in the rang' of from 0$ to 1.0 nulhgtdm per cubic motor pf eir. the incsholdlmut value (maximum allowable concen ifition of an 8 hour working day) set by the American Conference of tioverPfncht Hygienists ar* lfd milligram of the lower -chlorinated biphenyl Compounds pt' coble meter of air and 0$ milligram of the pftoie highly<i)1o?inr)ted compounds, pe? cubic meter of aV II, Shirt Contact Prolonged or rc-praU'd sMn contact with the Askarel funds must bt avoided by the use of shoves And protective g irments, bee skisc of the rpn/stlvie oonbutiiice of a condition caMedcliloiac re. A!thougi reporu 4>f Pits ffrtd'troii CtUKd by A> arel are rare. It can be piod^-ed by dvop^dvi #kin oi it*ct. If die fluid is spilled on thi' skin the tk'rn sboukl tr yv^ ad in flic Us a* manner w'th A snap so'uhon, Atx,rn cpuv'v"* by contact OTvtnft'y bu Oi A hot Askajel should be vested hVo any for dr-pos?! irfituctiWistf Askricl ttulds. Art So'bon AJVHbpa^b -7 )m TOWOLDMONOQ24668 jfifttM--*** . Analytical Services : ' >,v' * v; Trali$|cifflier Aslca'rel ;1 'Apil^ble:l^op>'llloiisaii<0.;; *lnmsformM uvui not,Wishing fo nisk^ thth own fluid anMysesVe <it>U>ri f(ht sr^Vipc from M^vanto. Snripjy contact Monsento and whol analyses me wooUd You will t>e fcjfVt the piqpfcr^Tpttjbch'an sampled iMner, filled with t proper lalx>l Wsk n you nxclvc this, carefully Utlf YW* Min&t Jiohow'lofl'lhc procedure lor sampling in this fluid?) Send the contain? to Monsanto's bboiMory. 0W {a s'fisted include sample coptaiuw *nd Jabotatpry 'tosl s The cha*pes are those ir effect March 1, , tp^&.apdeie sublet to chanpe.. `I yjKts of Analyses Available Analysis'!! *' ftOUHNl MAlNUNANCVCHCdC Total Chqrflr. &*(>(# - To detumine It 10 pcner^l condition of the fluid and hod wlnthei fur(tier analysis Is prcesSp'y. jh'ic'<jup-l sample tcquMt-d} Tioputics 1< itd O'thciiic &re&Vdow-i VoUaflt ( Color and Condition * Moisture ,* ' You yvilf 1k" noMicd of th<J losulu of this t( St M futther testing \6 Indicated, ,vid yon want a constate analysis, you wit U^'ili five pV^sflmjVlc container TW sample ywll bp Used for lli^foffpwfaa s^Ciof tests; s ,, AnalysisH) > COMPUifc AN/UYSIS ' , v ,* * Total Ch*^ /&C3 , * * ' (1)1 o dcl< i mint the iMeni Qf fluid contamination, (?) eatfh refiru leuiodetr nmrv what device of rt&loiatipft of lesPh.d! and InMilalinp prOpci lies Uposdlflc, (Si check Vv*t to see how the fluid responded tocar)h irealmeht. a) Cohiplrli Analysis. to dcteifmoe the extent of contamination fVoj>Cilies Tested " Fui Chlorides * (k>Ioi ai d Condemn............... ................Aridity........................................... ........ ......... ..........-................................. Specific Gravity fb'Tectric Breakdown VoHf '* , fM#io'C Index ' ' Power factor,DielectricOofw-h't itod ftesHthtily < b) f f* lh Rt (men icoi Response ,, , Consists ol iKatmetii for 2 5 hours at bO $(FC With 01 to ft ? pri*,r>t Vv wrljjht of properly t ondiftoned Atlapulflos clay andtlu. Miration thiiAijjh diy biter patter. , <) Analysis After LAhomtnry tarlh Refinement " PiOiHiiies listed A?ldl.y `t ncfractive Index 1 1 fjtictoitrlo Rri4k<Joywi Vdlt^ 't Water - ' Pew* factor. Dieter trie Consta *t. and heslstiwti* free Oilorldos s\ ' ') You will In notified of the results of tills test series on your *mpK 1 Pen aUfr refmViy >, nr entire tim<forrnw flu*d fill you Ctn chrek o * the results by nef1 lasting the following analysis Analysis 3) ' - ANALYSIS AT Tf H f AR fH R T INI VINT Toi- SvOOD . (Tnlsdia^ y;i!l nolty'ij'ly w*heO ' analyses 1 and 2 haVQ already bebn rftad' *) ' ' lo vl u imine whether tlio <r*re lot of the askaiel fill responded to tlie #%me ixtcrR as llif lahoraloty^'ple (for p nt sanipV rrt)uuiJ) * '' ' fopt*.Mles leshd free Chloudes ' ' Color and Condition \ ;< Aridity - f ' ,,*' J ' Tl(fraeiYfe fodex { ' * biclerbic Breakdown Volta^ ` ' Watri ' Powrr Factor,OrcUichic CorotAit^od Rtsotlvity toaiianpo foi the USI< cTcsrrlticdabose write to the fob^wlngadflu , ' '` l>avid Wood t 1 > \J' Monsanto ipdiistrlal Chemicals Company ` k ,, ' J No* th t.mdjxfgh Btvd 4 i - >{ \ i t,-! , ^ Jo lOuis, Wittpurit&lftfi ^ _1 f - - 4 ' , ^t'ip'.v> to tx tested should fw clearly narked ^ V >nta*vio Coippany i W 0 Knn^mlch lalipimpry 'v * S?i 1, flUdols 6?/3S S'* Atu ^tlc*n* ft Kort**' m` ^ t6n aod srs'i' d'toih &>T / ' ;' ,` v < v v4 011^16 ) 8 TOWOLDMONOQ24669 SfebtelE Appendices fV-:;.' >;''.'t;r,X'V^V-Si,1' 4* APPENDIX A _ ................. p Askarct Stability and Comjxwlhon ol Arc f-oimod Gas: Askarct insulation H one of the most inert, chemically stable heat resistiml; ntmcohrosive liquids known. U will not beak down, oxldiraor sludge when exf*osed to air end high temperatures, 160`C Of cvpn jofnewb&t higher, Arcing,bowfcver* will break down the impound to liberate dome hydrogen chloride and Small amounts ol carbon. 1 * ' APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION ARCFORMEDGAS FROM TRANSFORMER ASKAREL Bl FNOS ' AS1M T YPtS D AND G ' ' lINElt 1 F N 70 30 AND PYRANOL A13B3B 3,REsPEClIVEIY1 Grs ' J' caibori taowide ' caibon dioxide N oxyp. n tutrt gases ' hydrogen eWorld* {note the absence of phosgene) ^ . r : ' Amount 0.3% 03% 06%. 1.6% 07.3% This artjoimcdp** fiom ASIM TypeD and Tyjnj F transformer awards H non flammable and non-combustible. Tt ah pratK -<l/>uiposes. the amount of $" bbeiated fiom a-karel under a glv^n set of arcing conditions is about 100 cubic c> qbntf teii f*ct kilowatt-second * APPENDIX V -* 30LUBIU1Y OF CASIN TftANStO /AEft ASKARUS AS1NI TYPES D ANDO ^ APPENDIX C, Cat bon dioxide ' * Air Wrti iv-* HydiogmchlotlcM fin av^nce of scWfi/f Pcioant of Gas By Volume Corroded to ?iyC760mm t <7C 760nirn ?r>"C 71% 6.7 6.0 37.8 I00C 47% 4.0 40 60.9 K-C * so 66 ' ,* lOOX ~_ bO 4,4 - ' EfFECl Of lEVPLRAIUht ON UltirORIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE OF ASKAREL * , ' ' , TwnpeMue1! * -60 - 40 -30 0 30 ' 40 e 60 7 BO ' - OjeloUuc Breakdown ' Voltage , : : AS1M08W ~ 'r ** | ` > TOWOLDMONOQ24670 AOTMilXD ...................` ^ ^ COMPARISON OF AW'ftOXittAU ViSf'^ITV'INSAVBOLT ON`VRSAl fFOONOS <* OF >KAN$fOHMFf; ASKARttSANDM^FRFi OH . ' Ttmp.C ' to ' 0. to ` 40 .60 80 100 . ' ' Fyilrto-l A1383K3 1,000 100 70 45 .> ' 39 34 30 ' V <' , 4O0Miflr*l ' . `! " 4,000 , 150 ' 8b ' , 49 40 34 ' 30 ' Inr'U'cn ' 70 30 "?,B00 , 105 85 to . 40 30 ' 33 AfKWDWt *t THFDtNfilTYOF * 'ftTFtNyoOO AND TftANSrOftMfR f VRANOL A136334, ' Approx. De >Ay tm/cc Temp.'t '0 30 40 60 60 - ' '' tnertren 70 30 1.674 1.667 14-79 1507 1.485 . F/rfmo! A1363B3 -, , - 1577 14*6 1,637 1510 1A88 APPCNWXF The thermal cr*nductlv'Ty vtfuft of bafi'tormcr Pyranoi A13B3B 3 at ??C atxi fBC we ?6,2 and ?$.8 x 105 calorlet o*ri\*n*eU^1, deg'eos c*nllgadc *. w^pond *, ratpecbyply. Or, ajvioxlmah ly 006 BTU pn Ihr.) (sq. ft) fF.) J>er foot Ihls tame dpproxlmabon applet tolncrtocr TO 30 APPtNOlXG , Heal Capacity Ovir tbf tc/fiixr6UC i* (Vj'ct. L. ,,, __ ^^ ` * ' of ?&* V* l25*C the Xf0ifc hc^r of traps-fonticr ai-Varet It dote to 0.30 cajorle. per gram per AWNMXH Cc* fficlent of Cxpantldn .' 1 The average c^etficVnl of exj*ansIoi of tKtosforft^r asVare? ovu tbe tcmpert-lure rangr 20to KK>CUQ 00(7 octeAC,One gptlori outd mde? to 1P0[G gallon* On healing ftorn 20 to 10CFC Amwpixi ... TjieRevtt^nU' ,% Atkpifh of Various compositional ty/*e we osed. Undii erclnj coi-' tiom the ga^t pto^oo^ vvhhe conutting of f*edofi'ndrt}^ noncombustible hydrogen chloride can yield trying aruounu of combustible gases nding Of>on < - typr. 1 ,, : Insulation iytltfrrts Infiltrating these asltaiel* aod iHsflbtQsjta or other organic material* f?>a?y,--w?*er arced, produ<#ga*;eous mixtures vyhich are 'Mod* lately fietoffiaMo, At a p`K*aut' .>, such gates should be fertyusvd from the atha'O* by bubbling ti<y nitrogen through tU ad icl arxl bushing the gat spar# with chy nitrogen before #ny wod. U performed on the apparatus )A G19<i?1b > TOWOLDMON0024671 apmnpixj ........ ............ SeMs, Properties and Procurement Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan with Districts at Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, tos Angeles, New York City, Washington, O.C. end Toronto has available Bulletin 09 019, August 19C? entitled "Silastic Design Data". This lists the gasket fabricators througlsout t!*c country ft pm whom the 'Silastic 50" gasketing can be purchased in sheet, extrusions Or molded shapes,, Generally,Silastic 50 sheet goods are stocked by local die cutters, hence, could be generally purchased locally. Usually small quantities ot gaskets are die cut. If larger quantities ate needed, tools are made of the same type used to cut other elastomers. Where the gasket is extruded for fitting into a machined gtoove or between gasket stops, Dow Corning advises use of a scarved Joint. This joint is then cemented using Dow Coming's Silastic 140 (clear) or their RTV 731 (white) materials. Which air cure. Dow Corning points out that die local "rubber" fabricators purchase the Silastic 50 in billet form. This is worked on a roll mill in preparation for sheeting or extrusion. Then to obtain the desired physical properties the fabricator must oven cure the Silastic 50 for 24 hours at 480T: SPECIFICATIONS1 ASTMDC76 ASTM D412 ASTM D41? ASTM D395 Color Specific Gravity at 77"F Hardness, Shore A. Scale T ensile Strength, psl, min Elongation, peroenl, min Compression Set after 2? hrs at 300"F, percent, max White 1.20 * 0.0? 4b to 60 800 250 30 *A1I physical properties measured on 0.07b inch thick samples molded 6 minutes at 240`,F, and oven cured 24 hours at 480"?. APPENDIX K ............... ................... ................ Caution lalcl The following or equivalent caution statements should be fixed on all containers of transformer askarth and the transformers themselves: This product contains Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Care should be taken to prevent entry into the environment through spills, leakage, use, vaporisation, or disposal of liquid or containers. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors or mists. Avoid contact with eyes or prolonged contact with skin. If skin contact occurs, remove by washing with soap and water, f ollowing eye contact, flush with water. In case of spillage onto clothing, the clothing should be removed as soon as practical, skin washed, end clothing laundered. . Ill MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS COMPANY SPl ClAt TY PRODUCT S GROUP 800 N. LINDBERGH BL VD. ST.lOUtS,MISSOURI 63106 The information herein regarding obtaining optimum results from askarel fluids in your transformer has been accumulated by Monsanto for over 40 years horn tbc experience of makers and users of askarel transformers and it is believed will be helpful. Nothing herein shall bo oonstiued as applying to other than askarel Insulation. Data and maintenance suggestions herein do not apply to the other components of die transformer. All operating and maintenance suggestions recommended by the manufac ture! 1 the transformer should also be carefully followed. . Because those maintenance directions apply only to the askarel insulation, Monsanto disclaims any liability for damage to properly or injury to persons arising from transformer operation. 194?JV ) TOWOLDMONOQ24672 ^ ; t'XWjtOW CtNHS *KVt>\ (M:0 *0)3 >* ,V v" ' A',>fc '4'lfiJJf P'lft : JVPj'flt'tf1#VKrtfjtlUifO&Wfofc .j . ' J* i2f}GOi.91f1 w '-i?'' >>7, AUAr,r< QrQttctr 330 init 5 tbtf#. Pm>l#*y Gvft*f( k< 1 le< *.. *V(9t$ JrOSto^VA&'l&rttttl'r* ft/dtp 7*f teirjxvMtb , . J'Kf Si Ja`}D} Jmt VhihMN*if tA, *'' . fc-.ilc' P-1-< 0?m. 1 ;MIkivCg\t 6>iiw voi Ct'h IfV". 3 .ACftllf > , fV J " * ( ., MOvi$lV,lKAS 7*02* * IJW /Wf Os*. Tlt#e> 60f>1 Wetfaefmer Rons - -y^Y.11.. . TtffrutfMijK'tf CWOMBI* ,v.:.:Wmm.iW Cotombton* Inc >.: . /: = Ovp.', Boj<>Ui, tfyW`>Wf * . , . , fOSAMJfifs CAuronwA MDJ Diw S*'W ' '' ' ' NcAp&tl BvhA, Ct/fto/oft 930$0 Ivt (7/4)B331ttO HU\ YORK, Ml* YOHK lAVS ' flj/fAwww.; vf fat At'Y'kvi Tet (?I?(JC4 ,>(&> .. snows wstoytii ssfee 600 A (inJtf J, $'*4 Inf ($K)6$4 1000 KAN /AANC*wb 6A r AHtA 17r0U'r>Trv SM* Cits'*. Ortfounifffir'iW&t';- . 1+' tiOel &, 1M14 IMlHIHGlVN.toriAWAHt 195 ID SoUv 304, Bern toft Bids y-v,. ! Re*S 7*t,&02)478 4$00 i'. INlUiNAHONM OlfICFS AACrWilNA JUvrtiwnftjAtyr/irfatSAIC ,". : . ' AifaV**. v (030,fhK"t 17thO W, " Bo'rtotMi. ArgaMP* :- v .. " MWfiAt M Ftt) to"Ot,P/bf*f 0(c Shtv IStflnJ, iSfiftt 1 Moftxv.'ML Vx-J^&r J>00| 1 .-, AOshn!ft ' , - .. tAtfttonio Autl'tfit limit*# .:; y< Jfc 7#<r'Sr't*t . " > it:: -.. . :' :\y AwftaVttQi? ; > V AfdpM>irt> AiW'fMf Vrrittof ft>jr0ft*0(>* HJ/KAdeUiO* : t &`ufa Avtf*fk SftVf-, >; v OfAWAftff 1^. 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