Document 1QLn3n1L92nJGzXp9vbZk0gK5

FILE NAME: Dlavai (DEL) DATE: 1946 Jan DOC#: DE LOO2 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article - Southern Power and Industry "Industrial Hygiene - Control of Working Environment is Important" ccasttK S/?!Al RfBW jam 211946 ' m ~ * 0 ", ' m .. .. SOUTHERN DIVISION O FFICE 915-101 Marietta Street Bldg., Atlanta, Go. Sates Agents in New Orleans St. Louis Dallas El Paso Houston Bluefleld in War and Peace! Now that wide war-time experience with unit loads has proved battery-powered electric trucks the most flexible, safe, cost saving equipment for handling materials and finished goods -- make this knowledge pay off! Go the whole way by powering your electric trucks with the amazing new Philco "Thirty", the high capacity battery that gives 30% longer life! It will save you money. Write for the new Philco "Thirty" specification catalog. Philco Corporation, Storage Battery Division, Trenton 7, New Jersey IN I N D U S T R I A L STORAGE FOR 50 YEARS A LEADER BATTERY DEVELOPMENT Editors-- Francis C . Smith Eugene W . O'Brien Southwestern Editor: Hunter R. Hughes, Jr. Production Mgr. : W. B. CoogU-r Managing D irector : E. W. O'Brien Business Representatives E. L. Rogers, 18 E a s t 48th St., Room 1904, New York 17, N Y -- Phone, Plaza 8-2560 William K. H offm an, 20 Bowdoln St., Maplewood, N. J,-- Phone So. O range 2-2484. Maynard L. D urham , 67 Coving ton Road, B uffalo 10, N. Y.-- Phone, A m herst 6332. A. E. C. Sm ith, 206 A uditorium Building, Cleveland 14, Ohio -- Phone, Cherry 7362. P. 0 . E. Jo h n so n , 168 N orth Michigan Ave,, Chicago 1, 111 -- Phone, C en tral 4181 L B Chappell, A uditorium Bldg., 427 W est 5th S t , Los Ange les, Calif. -- Phone, Tucker 6363. Hunter R. Hughes, Jr., 1341 L ib erty Bank Bldg., D allas, Texas.-- Phone, Central 7673. Annua) Subscription-- $1.00 Canada-- $1.60 ; Foreign $2.00 Published Monthly by W . R. C . SMITH PUBLISHING CO , Publishers also o f : Cotton, Electp'.al South, Southern Hardware, southern A utom otive Journal. J. Rooke, P re sid en t; R. P. gmith, Executive V ice-P resident; 4* W. M cA llister, V ice-P resident; i 7* )}f. O'B rien, Vice P r e s id e n t; f - B. C. Sm ith, V ic e -P re sid e n t; J. C. Cook, V ice-P resident; O. A. harpless, T re a s u r e r ; A. F . Robei"ts, S ecretary. Editorial and Executive Offices GRANT BUILDING ATLANTA, GEO RGIA CONTENTS Texas Fire Brick-- A New Plant with Modern Methods, By Hunter R. Hughes, Jr.......................................................................... 44 Automatic Arc Welding, by R. M. Daniels................................................. 41 Low Temperature Refrigeration, by F. R. Zumbro and Terry M itchell.. . 48 Music for Southern Industry, by Hunter R. Hughes, Jr............................. 52 Arkansas Solvent Extraction Plant, by Jane I. Gordon.............................. 55 Automatic Roof Cooling, by Leonard A. Holder...................................... 56 Safe Handling of Barrels................................................................................. 59 Electronics Maintenance, by R. C . Roetger............................................... 60 Dielectric Heating in Furniture Manufacturing, by W . H. Hickock........ 64 Industrial Hygiene, by N. V. Hendricks..................................................... 58 The Great Game of Getting Ahead, by Harry C . W alker..................... 82 Training Disabled Veterans ........................................................................... 92 Rope Service Pays Dividends, by Russel Ralph........................................... 94 History of Power, by Carl J. Eckhardt, Jr.................................................... 98 PRACTICAL DISCUSSION How M uch,Heat,is Lost ; , . , . . 64 Experience ft Great Teacher .7 8 Efficiency from Lighting ......................104 Maintenance of Window S a sh .. . . . . . 1 0 4 Taper in Tapped Holes .........................104 : , Saving Leather with Pivoted B a s e ...l0 4 Efficient Group Drive , 1 0 6 Motor Inknlation Resistance . . . . . . . . 1 0 6 . Keeping File from C logging.. . . . . . - . 1 0 6 - h4 , ' ,. ;< ' Belt Slip on Fan Drive .......................... 106 Slow Motion Pays .................................106 Repairing Leaky F aucets........................108 Placing Long Trolley Beam ......................108 Stop for Stripping Machine................... 110 Repairing Selenium R ectifiers...............110 Under Water Welding .......................... ISO New Sugar Process .................................181 DEPARTMENTS FACTS AND T R E N D S ----- . . . . . . . . 6 BUYERS ' INFORMATION ..............* 8 TIMELY COMMENTS 1 INDUSTRY SPEAKS .................. .... *S NEWS OF THE M O N T H .................. .112 NEW E Q U IP M E N T ....... ................... 113 CATALOGS OF THE M O NTH .. . . . ,18 2 INDEX-TO THE ADVERTISERS. . . 158 Copyright, 1946, by W. & 0 . Smith Publishing Company 4 ......-____________________ 3 INDUSTRIAL H Y G IE N E ------------ Control ol Working Environment is Important This third Installm ent is a discussion of the working environm ent -- its problems, their evaluation, and recom m ended control. EVERY important factor in fluencing our lives and one which is given little consideration is the environment in which we work. The general environment dictates our requirements as to the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and to a certain extent our mode of living. The average individual will spend at least eight hours a day at some occupation. The re maining portion of the day is usually spent at home. It is obvious that two distinct problems of en vironment exist; the home or com munity, and the working environ ment. There are certain safeguards thrown about the community as providing safe drinking water, proper sewage disposal, collection and disposal of other wastes in cluding garbage, and immunization programs. The importance of these protective procedures in a com munity has been long recognized. Their accomplishment is measured in terms of reduced death rates from various communicable di seases. Some diseases which in the past have taken great toll of life B y NT. V . H en dricks Chief Engineer Industrial Hygiene Service, Georgia D epartm ent of Public Health have by these methods been re duced to a point of minor signi ficance. As civilization has pro gressed with an accompanying complexity in our living, the neces sity for public safeguards in the community has been given more and more consideration. It is only through these approaches that the proper public health measures for the community environment can be applied. For a number of years, consid eration has been given to the de velopment of certain methods by which the working environment of an individual may be modified or adjusted to more healthful working conditions. Many plant op erations by the very nature of the materials processed and by the mechanics of the operation pro duce an atmosphere of toxic or otherwise harmful substances. The final objective in any industrial hygiene program is the alleviation of health hazards incident to in dustrial operations by the use of scientific methods. Occupational Diseases Industrial operations require the use of many materials, some of which are toxic and produce harm ful effects on individuals who are exposed to them. In addition, there are certain physical conditions which exercise harmful effects on the worker. The deleterious effects produced by these materials and conditions may, in a broad sense, be termed occupational diseases. In some states, industry has been legally responsible for the effect on the worker which is brought about from such exposures. Where legal responsibility has been desig nated, codes or schedules have been established for a rate of compensa tion covering occupational diseases. Such codes vary from all inclusive loss to those which cover only specific occupational diseases. B EFO R E AND A F T E R IN ST ALLAT IO N OF VAPO R AB SORPTION SY STEM IN MERCER IZIN G D E P A R T M E N T OF B L E A C H E R Y AND DYE WORKS. 68 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 In considering the potential de velopment of occupational diseases and the responsibility and cost in cident, management cannot escape the fact that the condition of the working environment is an eco nomic factor expressed in terms of the overall cost of production. Proper consideration to the status of the environment, in many cases, will directly lower the cost. Recog nizing these facts, management should take every possible means of improving and controlling the working environment. For many occupational diseases there is no known medication and the logical method of control is the adjust ment of the working environ ment in order that the exposuio from which occupational diseases result may be removed. Processing And The Environment The working environment in any plant will be dependent on these factors: (1) materials, (2) process ing methods, and (3) process equip ment. Many of the raw and pro cessing materials used in industry are specifically toxic and toxic compounds are often liberated as by-products of certain operations. In any case, the type material and its presence in the working atmo sphere will determine the existence of a hazard. Fortunately most pro cessing ' materials are non-toxic. However, with many industries it is impossible to avoid the use of certain specific compounds which FUME REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR EXHAUSTING FUMES FROM PICKLING TANKS are known to produce harmful effects on individuals exposed to them. The method of processing is im portant as it will determine the ex tent to which materials are dis persed into the working atmo sphere. Important factors associ ated with process methods in clude: (1) temperatures required for various operations, (2) agita tion and other mechanical details, and (3) specific operations where by-products are formed and liber ated. Equipment plays an important role in determining dispersion since the design of such units may call for open or closed operations, rotation at high speed or close or frequent observation on the part of the operator. Specific design would determine the extent to which certain control installations such as local exhaust ventilation might be applied. OPER AT OR E M P T Y IN G BAG OF CARBON B LA C K INTO B A N B U R Y M IX E R B EFO R E ANO A F T E R IN ST ALLAT IO N OF DUST ANO F U M E R E M O V A L SYSTEM. 70 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 Environment Problems Of importance to industry is the matter of controlling dust. For tunately, there are relatively few types of dust which are specifically toxic. The more important from an industrial standpoint are silica, as bestos and finely divided salts of toxic metals, such as lead. Silica and Dust Exposures to free silica are more important from the standpoint of population exposed and deserve more consideration than those to asbestos dust. However, asbestos dust is just as toxic as free silica. Wherever sand or materials con taining free silica are processed, exposure to the dust is likely to result. This is especially true in foundry operations, abrasive clean ing, blasting, and the like. Suffi cient exposure to concentrations of free silica often results in the pro duction of fibrotic growths in the lungs of the exposed individual. This condition is known as silicosis and is one of the prime disabling occupational diseases and has cost industry considerable sums of money for compensation. Asbestos dust although specif ically toxic, does not result in a numerically great number of ex posures due to its infrequent in dustrial applications. However, in the production of asbestos cloth and other products, a serious prob lem of dust control is presented. Certain heavy metals and their salts produce specific toxic reac tions. Many industries employ lead and cadmium, and their application to plant operation usually results in the creation of an actual or po tential exposure. Lead compounds are particularly important in such operations as the manufacture of storage batteries, printing indus tries, and the production of paints or pigments. Gases Gases are usually classified as either asphyxiant or irritant. In dustrially the more important as phyxiants include carbon monox ide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide. Of these, carbon monoxide occurs more frequently. This gas is associated with the combustion of carbonacious materials and is ex tremely toxic. On entry into the body it exerts an affinity for hem oglobin which is about 300 times the affinity of oxygen resulting in a tremendous decrease in the abili ty of the blood to carry oxygen and Produces a condition of as phyxia. The more common irritants found in industry include sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia, and the oxides of nitrogen; Although these gases are extremely toxic, they are suf ficiently irritating so that the in dividual exposed usually has some warning as to their presence. Under these conditions the worker can normally remove himself from the exposure before too much damage is done. However, these materials do occur frequently in industry and the importance of ex posures to them should not be minimized. Vapors Vapors come from organic com pounds both of the aliphatic and aromatic series. They play a tre mendously important part in mod ern production and their number and use is limited only by the ingenuity of the chemist. They are used widely as degreasing agents, intermediates, solvents and clean ing compounds. Most of these materials are ex cellent fat solvents, and on entry into the body tend to go to the nervous system. This is true of the aliphatic series, including distil lates and petroleum. From the standpoint of pure toxicity, prob ably the most important of these materials would include benzol, its homologues and the chlorinated compounds. Sufficient exposure to these compounds results in chronic disturbance and in some cases dis ability. Mists Acid and alkaline mists are as sociated with plating, stripping and cleaning. Chromic acid mist is probably the most important of this class of material and results from electroplating, anodizing and similar operations. Exposure to such mists may result in perfora tion of the nasal septum, and if cuts or abrasions are present on the exposed parts, ulcers may de velop. Fumes Fumes are usually associated J with welding, cutting, or other 0p. i erations where metals are heated A 'j to high temperatures. From an in- ^. ' dustrial standpoint, lead, zinc, and ;: j cadmium are probably the mostvh 1 important. Atmospheric fumes of > j this type are often found around1-. I pouring of brass, welding or burn- f ing of galvanized metal or on high"?;' temperature operations involving - * surfaces coated with lead bearing paint. j The physiological response to the 1 inhalation of these materials may ' vary considerably. The less serious ' condition is known as metal fume ,; | fever which carries symptoms of j zinc oxide. It is of short duration j and no permanent tissue damage j J is done. The more serious condi tions arise from the exposure to fumes or metals which are specifi- j cally toxic. j Physical Conditions Physical conditions such as working positions, temperature, humidity and abnormal pressures, play an important part in the abil ity of the worker to produce. The correction of such conditions is primarily a problem of engineer ing and when given proper consid eration will do much toward in creasing production and lowering costs, through improvement of quality of the final production, re duction of spoilage, and increase in the final plant safety. Evaluation of Environment In order to properly evaluate 4 the exposures in an industrial plant, a detailed engineering study and analysis is required. Such a study in the form of an industrial hygiene survey is a mechanical means by which the plant is ob- ' served department by department for the purpose of noting occupa tional hazards and unsafe practices so that they may be appraised. Such a survey should include a work analysis, analytical procedure rating of hazards, analyses of the hazards and recommendations for control. The work analysis should be made by noting each and every job carried out in the plant, method of process, and hazardous conditions to which each worker 74 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 T ited op. itoci inand lost of and rnigh ing ing the lay )us mo of ion ige fi as re. as. il- he is T d- n < ig of e* se J te k al a il il > 11 I \- !S 1 a e e COMMON PROCESSINO MATERIALS WITH SAFE CONCENTRATION AND PHYSIOLOOICAL SYMPTOMS TOXIC m a t e r ia l INDUSTRIAL USE SAFE C O N C E N T R A T IO N S PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE Acrolein Ammonia Aniline Arsenic Compounds Bromine Benzol Cadmium Carbon Disulfide Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorinated Diphenyls Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chromium Compounds Ethylene Dichloride Formaldehyde Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Sulfide Lead Mercury Silica Dust (Free) Sul fur Pioxid* S u it'll r ,( Acid Toluene ^ i11f` Oignnit s yn t h e s is , mfg. mi lit ary ga s e s ; soup and varnish, fertilizer. Orgunp prepai utions , refrigeration , bron/my, dye and color mfg.; sugar rotming. Organic synthesis; dye mfg , paint and varnish, disinfectants; explosives. 1'ami ami pigments, leather i n d u st ry ; i n s ect ici des, mi n i n g mid s me l t i n g ; a y e nml varnish mfg. * Or gui i n s v 'il ht's i s , l i ves , b r o m i d e s ; e x plosives. S u l ' e n t , paint mid varnish r emover s; dye; vainish mfg ; rubber industry. Alloys; cadmium salts; eleetro-platiug; s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s ; l e a d mil /.rue s me l t i n g . Solvent; mfg. vi-tosp ruvoir, varnishes; insecticides, carbon tetrachloride. Mfg iron i.lid .steel; enamel; illuminating g a s . lain o p e r a t i o n s ; .smelting. Solvent , mfg cleaning compounds, dye; paint and lacquer industries. Electrical equipment; lacquer mfg . paints, v\ ha mfg, Organic synthesis; textile bleaching; water purification, chlorination. Solvent for cellulose acetate, rosins, oils, fats; dry cleaning. Dyeing; metallurgy , electioplatilur, print ing; tanning. Organic synthes is ; solvents, thi nner for lacquers. Organic synthesis, dyes, rubbei goods, leather; synthetic resins and licqurrs. Leathei industry, organic synthesis; dye stuffs; mfg. chlorides. Reagent; analytical chemistry; rayon spinning, leather tanning, and MMclung; p a p e r mfg. viscose mining Chemical equipment lead pigments; alloys; storage battery mfg.; Insecticides. Prep, mercury salts. -eiontifie insPumeiits. chemical pi ocess mg Foundries, stone indnstiy; abrasive clean ing ; blasting. Refrigeration ; bleaching. cellulose; p ap e r, mining and smelting. Fertilizers; refining, oxplosiv e s ; organic synlliesis, h'Hthrr; tevtilis. chemicals. Solvent; pamt and varnish; organic prep rations; dye and varnish; rubber industry. Metallurgy : gnlvani?ing. bras s foundries-- smelting. J .0 ppm HKi p p m 5.0 ppm () in g /A I 1 1 0 ppm 100 ppm 0.1 m g / Ai" 20 ppm 100 ppm Jr>0 | )pm J O mg/M 1.0 ppm 75 ppm 0.1 i n g / M i! 100 ppm 20 ppm 10 ppm 2 0 ppm 0.15 mg/M0.1 mg/M*1 0,000.000 p.p.c.f. 10 ppm 2 0 ppm 200 ppm t r> >s/ M I r r i t a t i o n of s k i n a n d miicon- m e m b r a n e s of e ye s a n d r e s p h ,itoi ,\ t r a c t , d y s p n e a , b r o n c h i t i s . irritation of respiratory passages, cough, pul monary edenm. ' i n c n eye irritation, caustic action on .skin. M u s c u l a r w e a k n e s s , ver t i go, cyaiioM., f ai nt ing, ner vous symptoms, to*s of equilibrium, iinusca, vomiting, dia nhea. P a i n s i n M o m a i h, v o mi t i n g , d n m h e u , headidle, gas t r i c (list m b a n c e s . ' k i n diseases, loss of bail, weakness Irritation of ait passages, bronchitis, conjunc tivitis, skin eruptions, discoloration of s k m H e a d a c h e tail vert igo, g a s t r o i n t es t i n a l di s turbances, hemorrhages, injury to blood form ing organs with changes in blood picture, in j ur y to blood vessels, heait, liver, kidneys, etc. Loss of appetite, weakness, nausea, i nf lam mation of the lungs, cough, soreness of chest. Headac he, vertigo, weakness, mental di&luib ances, irr itat ion of skin. H e a d a c h e , p a i n f u l n e s s of eyeball, t h r o b b i n g of temples, weakness, nausea, vomiting, increased respirat ion mid pulse, collapse. Irrit ati on ot nose, throat and eyes, nausea, headache, vomiting, confusion, narcosis, injury to liver, dermatitis Acneform skin eruptions, jaundice and atrophy of liver, Acute cardiac paralysis, burning, cough, bronchitis, ehroitie anemia, bronchial catarrh. blistering, nasal and Headache, giddiness. Blood changes. Bronchitis; bronchopneumonia, anemia, nephrilis, ulcers of skin and membrane, perform lion of na s a l s ept um. Irritation of eyes and nose, vertigo, un con sciousness and death if exposure is prolonged. irritation of mucous membranes, conjunctivitis, severe dermutitis. degeneration of liver. Coughing, bronchitis, destruction of teeth, con traction of throat, caustic action on skin. Conjunctivitis, evh.tustiuh, palloi, pain in eyes, nose aud throat; headache, convulsions, paral ysis. We aknes s, pallor, loss of appetite, lead line, anemia, constipation, cramps, colic. I n f la mma t i o n ol g u ms and muc ous membr ar m of the mouth, ncciosis of the jaw. enteritis, unemia, t re mor s of the hands and face. Fibrotie lung tissue, development of silicosis. Bronchitis, coughing, laryngitis, bronchopneu monia, digestive disorders. Acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchopneu monia. decay of (eeth On the skin, pnin, edema and ulceration. Narcotic effect, headache, vertigo, gastro ini cstinal d i s t u r ba n ces , injury to livoi and nervous system, Meta] fume f c s e i s , iiritntion of respiraituy tVo<t , h e a d a c h e , n a u s e a , chi lls, p a i n i n l i mbs v ''(/rii,: J '. J ' M - - l ' n r t - c>! s u b s t a n c e pei- mi l l i on p i n t s of t u r bv vol ume ni p p e f -- Mi l l i ons of p a r t i c l e s of s u b i t a n e o p,-f cubi c foot of aie ni g / M' " Mi ll igram- ot s ubs t an ce per t u b i c n u t r of air b SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 75 :s exposed. Toxic materials when present are investigated from the standpoint of the liberation into the atmosphere; physical state, whether or not the employee is re quired to be in the area where this material is dispersed, and the probable effect on the individual. Analyiical procedures usually in clude the collection of field samples and their analysis and the comple tion of other measurements when necessary. Atmospheric samples are collected from the breathing zone of the exposed worker and are taken in such manner as to be representative of average working conditions. Actual sampling and analysis of the atmosphere is the only scientific means by which a known exposure may be ac curately evaluated. Some toxic ma terials make their presence known by odor and other properties, but these do not offer a means of de termining their concentrations. The rating of a hazard or ex posure is a measurement to de termine the degree of a condition and the effectiveness of existing control methods. Much work has been done in establishing safe permissable concentrations for some of the more common toxic ma terials These threshold values of fer a means of determining the ex tent of individual exposures. By an analysis of processing methods, rat ing of hazards and study of ef ficiency of existing corrective measures, a baseline for adequate control procedures may be estab lished. In most cases processing methods will determine the type control indicated. Application of Data When the industrial hygiene study has been completed and ob servations and data analyzed, it is necessary to translate this infor mation into terms of specific con trol procedures. Unless these data finally result in corrective meas ures, a great waste of time and ef fort will take place. Although the plant or process engineer may not be primarily concerned with ac tivities other than strictly process ing, this individual should take ad vantage of information obtained through the industrial hygiene sur vey. In many cases, a study of environmental conditions under which a job is carried out will of- ier the production engineer a means of increasing the efficiency of the particular operation. The plant engineer should also be concerned with the industrial hygiene information because the control procedures applied will be based on an analysis of these find ings. The design and installation of such control procedures as local exhaust ventilation should be worked out with the plant engineer in order that the final installation may be entirely consistent with processing requirements. Control Procedures Hazards associated with indus trial operations can either be eliminated or reduced to harmless limits by the application of public engineering methods. Procedures for the control of such exposures usually consists of one of the fol lowing: Isolation of the process. Fre quently a job which is productive of dust or tends to disperse other materials into the work area can be removed and located at a point so that the liberation of such ma terial will not contaminate the gen eral working atmosphere. It is oc casionally possible to close off in dividual operations so as to isolate them from other areas and control the exposure. Substitution of non-toxic ma terial occasionally offers a good method of alleviating specific ex posures. Where toxic materials are used and it is possible to replace them with non-toxic substitutes, the exposure can be removed in the easiest possible way. Wet methods can sometimes be applied. These are frequently used in the stone industry in drilling, crushing, and grinding. Where ma terials being processed must be kept in the dry state, this method is obviously eliminated. Personal protective equipment offers an excellent control pro cedure where the exposure is in frequent or of a short duration. Where this type of equipment is used, care should be exercised in its selection in order that the equip ment used be designed for the particular exposure. Only equip ment which bears the stamp of approval of the U. S. Bureau of Mines should be purchased. Some exposures may be con trolled by means of general venti lation. By this procedure a suffi. cient amount of air is introduced into the work area to dilute the contaminant to a point below the toxic limit. This method has cer tain disadvantages, such as the handling of excessive amounts of air, and the failure to reduce con centrations of the material at its point of liberation. It is usually at or close to the point of liberation where real exposure occurs and general ventilation, in most cases, does not correct this situation. Local exhaust ventilation offers the most effective and generally the most efficient means of con trolling individual exposures. A hood or similar type of collecting device is located as close as pos sible to the point of liberation of the contaminant and sufficient air handled in order to remove this material in such a manner that it is not dispersed into the work area. This type control should remove the material before it has an oppor tunity to come into the breathing zone of either the worker on the individual job or the workers in the surrounding area. In considering the matter of local exhaust ventilation, it is high ly essential that these installations be properly designed and engi neered. In too many cases hoods and the entire exhaust systems are installed by mechanics or other individuals in the plant and no thought is given to their design or the principles on which they should operate. Unless such systems are based on good engineering design there is no assurance that the in stallation will operate in such man ner as to control the exposure. The next article of this series will cover organic solvents and similar in dustrial materials, their properties and uses as they influence the en vironment and health of the worker using them, 1945 INDEX Available to Subscribers If you keep your back issues -- write the editors for a free copy of this Index. S i r Pugn US 76 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY. 1946 ADVERTISER'S INDEX The Advertisers' Index is published as a convenience, and not as a part of the advertising contract. Every care will be taken to index correctly. No allowance will be made for errors or failure to insert. A t a C o................................................................. Adel, G a., C ity o f ......................................... 156 A lretool M fg. C o............................................ 1tu A ldrich P u m p Co............................................ 21 Allen B ra d le y Co............................................ A lle n -S b e rm a n -H o ff Co.............................. * A liis-C h a lm e rs M fg. Co.............................. 7 A ilp ax Co., In c ................................................. 121 A m erican C oal B u rn e r C o .........................144 A m e ric a n E n g in e e rin g Co. ( S t o k e r s ) .. 2f> A m erican E n g in e e rin g Co. ( H o l s t s ) ___ 91 A m e ric a n L o co m o tive Co.............. 72 a n d 73 A m erican M o n o rail Co................................... 42 A m erican P u lv e riz e r Co............................... 131 A n ac o n d a W ire & Cable C o...................... 93 A n d erso n Co., V. D ....................................... * A pril S h o w ers Co........................................... 13(> A rk a n sa s F u e l OH Co................................ It A rm stro n g M a ch in e W o r k s ....................... 146 \u d o l & Co., T h e o ......................................... 162 B S te a m S p ecialty <;*>..................... lf.O Babcock & W ilcox (B oilers). . . * B ab co ck & W ilco x ( R e f r a c to r ie s ) ........ * B acharach Industrial Instrum ent Co... * B a d h am I n s u la tio n Co................................ * B ailey M e te r C o.............................................. 2;' B a ld w in -D u c k w o rth D ivision ............ 137 B elm o n t P a c k in g & R u b b e r C o.............. * B etz, W . H . & L . D ...................................... 22 fii nH _ A nnViOt* P n a B la c k b u rn -S m ith Mfg. Co., Inc. B o w ser, I n c ...................................... B ra d -F o o te G e a r W o rk s ............ B row n I n s tr u m e n t Co.................. B ro w n ell Co....................................................... 136 cBuell E n g in e e rin g Co., I n c .......................123 B n ssm an M fg. Co.......................... 148 an d 149 C a in e S te e l Co................................................ 29 C a lm es E n g in e e rin g Co.............................. 1r>(> C a rb o ru n d u m Co............................................. * C a ro lin a R e fra c to rie s Co............................. 152 C h ain B e lt C o ..................................................137 C h a p m a n V a lv e M fg. Co............................ 'll) C hicago B rid g e & Iron Co..........................lf.3 C ities S e rv ice Oil Co................ l-1 C lassified A ds ........................................... If>ij 'leveland C h a in & M fg. C o...................... C lipper B e lt L a c e r Co.................................. ' Cole I n s tr u m e n t Co...................................... 1 Hi Cole Mfg. Co., R. D...................................... C o m b u stio n E n g . Co., I n c ............20 and 1 C o m b u stio n E q u ip m e n t D iv isio n ........ 20 ` `o n d e n s e r S e rv ice & E n g 'g C o . I r e . * C o n tin e n ta l Gin Co......................................... l `>2 C o o p e r-B e sse m e r C o rp ................................. Of. C ra n e C o m p a n y ..............................................1li o D a m p n e y Co. of A m e ric a ........................... ' D a r t M fg. Co., E . M......................................iM D avis R e g u la to r Co........................................ in; D ay to n R u b b e r Mfg. Co........ ............ D earb o rn C h em ical Co.......................... * De L a v a l S te a m T u rb in e <"o . , ' D -*ro!t S to k e r Co.................... . ,M'. E E ag le M fg. Co............................................... * E a g le -P ic n e r C o . . . . , ..................................... 17 E d w ard V alv es, I n c ......................................... 77 E lgin S o fte n e r Corp........................................' *9 E llio tt C o .......................................................... 18 E n g in e e r Co............... ' E rn s t W a te r C olum n & G age C o..........152 .v 'e r l a s ti n g V alv e Co.................................... * F F airbanks, M orse & Co... . .147 r e d d e r s M fg. Co., In c .............. . . . 124 F is h e r G o v ern o r Co...................................... * F lex ib le S teel L a c in g Co..............................!f7 F le x ita llic G a s k e t Co..................................... 81 F o s te r E n g in e e rin g Co................................ * F o s te r W h e e le r C orp..................154 .i-ui if.,5 F o x b o ro Co........................................................... 26 F ric k C o m p an y ..............................................160 F u lto n Svlphon C o......................................... * F y r-F eecfer S p re a d e r S to k e r D ivision. .144 s G a rd n e r-D e n v e r Co....................................... * G arlock P a c k in g Co....................................... 33 G e n e ra l C able C orp...................... 138 a n d 139 G e n e ra l Coal Co............................................... G e n e ra l E le c tric Co.......................... 38 a n d 39 G e n e ra l E le c tric Co. ( B r id g e p o r t) .......... 116 G o ld en -A n d erso n V alv e S p e c ia lty C o .. . 32 G oulds P u m p s, In c ......................................... * Gould S to ra g e B a tte r y C o rp .................... * G reen F u e l E c o n o m iz er Co., I n c ............ * G reen e, T w eed & Co..................................... 115 G rln n ell Co.......................................B a ck C over G risco m -R u ssell Co.........................................197 G ulf Oil C o rp ........................................ H H a e rin g & Co., Inc., D, W ........................ H a y s C o rp o ratio n ......................................... * H e rc u le s F lo a t W o r k s ..................................126 H o ffm an C o m b u stio n E n g 'g Co. .3 4 -an d 35 H u y e tte Co., In c.. P a u l B ........................... 144 i In g alls Iro n W o rk s C o .............................. * In g e rs o ll-R a n d Co........................................... 83 In te rn a tio n a l N ick el Co., I n c .................... * Iro n F ire m a n M fg. Co................................ J Je n k in s B ro s...................... In sid e B a ck C over Jo h n s-M a n v ille ............................................... Jo h n s o n S erv ice Co...................................... * Jo n e s F d y . & M ch. Co., W A................142 K K ew an e e B o iler C o rp .................................... * K irk & B lum Mfg. C o................................151 L L ayne & B ow ler, In c ..................................... 132 L e a v itt M a ch in e C o....................................... * L eslie C o m p a n y ............................................. * L ib e rty E n g in e e rin g &M fg. Co................. 151 L llie H o ffm a n C oolingT o w ers, I n c . . , . 143 L incoln E le c tric Co........................................ * L in k B e lt C o..................................................... 89 L ow ell W re n c h Co..........................................142 L u d lo w V alv e M fg. Co., I n c ..................... L u m m u s C om p an y ....................................... * L u n k e n h e im e r Co........................................... 97 M M & II. V alve & F ittin g s C o................ * M anzel B ro th e rs Co....................................... 146 M a rsh Corp., J a m e s P ................................. M a rlo n M achine, F dy. & S u p p ly Co-- 130 M a so n -N e lla n R e g u la to r Co...................... M ech an ical E q u ip m e n t Co..........................156 M id w e st P ip in g & S u p p ly Co., In c ........ 16 M occasin B u s h in g C o................................... M o n a rch F u se Co., L td ............................... 125 M orse C h a in C o............................................... 79 M u rra y fron W o rk s Co............................... 144 N N ational A l u n u n a t e C o r p ..........................7"~ 1 N a tio n a l B oiler P r o te c to r Co................ 146 N a tio n a l E le c tric P ro d u c ts C o rp ............. 4 N a tio n a l V alve & M fg. C o........................ * N ia g a r a B lo w er Co......................................... 127 N ich o lso n & Co., W . H ............................... 146 N o rth e rn E q u ip m e n t Co............................ 99 N u g e n t & Co., Inc., W m . W .................... * O O ak ite P ro d u c ts, l i u ................................ po O tis E le v a to r Co........................................ O w en s-C o rn in g F ib e rg la ss C o rp ............' p P e a b o d y E n g in e e rin g C o rp .........................145 P e e rle ss P u m p D ivision ............................ .. P e r m u tit C om pany .................................... ` . P h ilco C o rp o ratio n .................... F ro n t Cover P itts b u r g h P ip in g & E q u ip m e n t C o ..,. 87 P lib rlc o J o in tle s s F ire b ric k Co.................132 P ow ell Co., W m ...............................................141 P o w e rs R e g u la to r Co.....................................126 P ra t-D a n ie l C o rp ............................................ P ritc h a rd & C o , J . F ................................ 119 397 Q u a k e r R u b b e r C o rp ..................................... 136 R R aybestos-M anhattan Corp. .. R ead ln g -P ratt & Cady Division .106 R e fin ery S upply Co. Reliance E lectric & E ngineering C om pany .................. In sid e F r o n t Cover R ep u b lic F low M e ters C o.......................... R e p u b lic R u b b e r D ivision ........................ 2 R ic h a rd s o n S cale C o .....................................121 R ockw ood M fg. Co........................................ * R oss H e a te r & M fg. Co.............................. 36 R oto D ivision ................................................. 101 R o u n d & S on, D a v id ..................................... s S a rc o Co., I n c .............. _9 Shearhouse, Jante.s D . . . . 156 Shell Oil Co., I n e ............................................ * S h e p a rd N iles C ran e & H o i-t C o rp ---- 117 S in c la ir R e fin in g Co..................................... 129 S k ilsaw , In c ....................................................... * S k in n e r E n g in e C o........................................ * Sm ooth-O n M fg. Co.......................................136 S n a p -O n T o o ls C orp .................................... 2i S o co n y -V acu u m OH Co.............................. 31 S o u th e rn N a tu r a l G as C o.......................... * S o u th e rn R a ilw a y S y s te m ........................ 69 Southern S tates Iron Roofing Co . . * S q u ire s Co., C. E ........................................... 142 S to w M fg. Co., In c ........................................ S tro n g , C a rlisle & H am m o n d Co............ S tu r te v a n t Co., B. F ................................... * S w a rtw o u t Co...................... ............................ S y n tro n C o m p an y ......................................... I-'" T T a y lo r F o rg e & P ip e W o r k s ..................... 160 T em p le to n B ros., I n c ....................................128 T e n n e sse e C o rp ............................................... ' T e n n e sse e E a s tm a n C o rp ...................... T e rr y S te a m T u rb in e Co., T h e . 134 a n d 13-> T e x a s Co............................................................ Todd Shipyards Corp (Com bustion E q u ip m e n t D iv isio n ) ............................ si! T ric o F u se M fg. Co...................................... T ro y E n g in e & M a ch in e Co...................... uU n io n A s b e s t o s & R u b b e r C o . . . 84 a n d 85 United States Rubber c 0 . .1 V Voss Co.. J . H . H ................ 133 Vulcan Soot Blower Corp 124 wW a n t A ds ............................................. 156 W a rre n S team P um p Co., I n c .... 13 W a tc h e m o k e t O p tica l Co., in c . W e b s te r E n g in e e rin g Co................ W e s tin g h o u se E le c tric C o rp .......... W h e e le r M fg. Co., C. H .................. .142 W ilso n , K. R ........................................ .140 W in g Mfg. C o.I h. J ........................ .103 W orthington Pum p & M achinery C o rp o ratio n ................................ 11 an d 15 W rlg iey J r., Co., W illia m .............. .......... 118 Y Y a r n a il-W a rln g Co........................ 19 an d 6. 158 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY. 1946