Document 1QDkx2xxwz7m7D9byxj06DM8E
FILE NAME: Trade Publications (TR) DATE: 1969 June DOC#: TR061 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Article - Facts about Thermal Insulation
HEATING, REFRIG ERATIN G AND A IR -C O N D ITIO N IN G
JOURNAL
ANDREWT. BOGGS III Executive D irector and Director of P ublications
WERNER ELLMANN Publishing Consultant
EDITORIAL STAFF
IAMES H. CANSDALE I ditor
DAVID HOUSTON
l r 1 hnical Editor
1OBY SHNEIBAUM
Managing Editor
(,AYE J. FEUER
Assistant Editor
KENT D. SMITH
Associate E ditor-- t/ii'cial Publications
MARIE POLLOCK
ft literial Secretary
Ii
ANNE E. GOLA
4
slull Secretary
SERVICE GROUP
III! NE F. EGGELING Atlvcrtising Production Manager Ar.NES MC EVOY At Ivertising Sales n i ORGE GRAY Circulation Manager
POLICY GROUP
LI INT W. PHILLIPS ( h.nrman, inurnal Committee
m llN E. DUBE c lianm an, Publishing Committee
; ASHRAE OFFICERS
; WllLIAM L. HOLLADAY I'lr-.ld c n t
r WILLIAM G. HOLE j 1 Pwudent-Elect 1 ; fMANK H. BRIDGERS ' vi, <President
I MARRY G. GRAGG . vh r President
; BIANLEY F. GILMAN t iipasurer
\ , ANDREW T. BOGGS III l n s , 1itive Secretary
ui-.ign and Graphics tut IONY LITTLE
! AM IRAE symbols Illustrate j : /Mh Anniversary cover
AAHRAE JO U R N A L June 1969
EDITOR'S C O M M E N T ................................................................................................... 45
FEATURES
ASH RAE-A CHRONICLE OF PROGRESS 1894-1969 ........................................ 47 J. H. Cansdale
"HOW MUCH PROGRESS?" IS KEYNOTE THEME FOR 75TH ANNIVERSARY MEETING .................................................................................... 59
PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS: ASHRAE 1969 ANNUAL M E E T IN G ................... 60
NEW FINNED TUBE CONFIGURATION IMPROVES REFRIGERANT CO ND ENSING .......................................................................................................... 77 7. F. Pearson and ]. G. Withers
FACTS ABOUT THERMAL IN S U L A T IO N ................................................................. 83 W. A. Lotz
BENCH SCALE TEST PROCEDURE FOR HERMETIC COMPRESSOR LUBRICANTS .......................................................................................................... 85 D. F. Huttenlocher
SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS
RETROSPECT AND PRO SPEC T............................................................................... 90 W. L. Holladay
DAVID HOUSTON APPOINTED TECHNICAL EDITOR OF ASHRAE JOURNAL . 91 RESEARCH IS FOR THE F U T U R E ............................................................................. 92
7. R. Schreiner ASHRAE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, COMMITTEEMEN, S T A F F ............................. 94 CHAPTER N E W S .......................................................................................................... 96 NEWS FROM AFFILIATES ......................................................................................... 103 NEWS OF M E M B E R S ................................................................................................... 104 OBITUARIES ................................................................................................................. 106 CANDIDATES FOR ASHRAE M EM B E R S H IP .......................................................... 107
DEPARTMENTS
ASHRAE A ffilia te s ...................... 4 Letters to the E d ito r................... 4 Information Retrieval Abstracts. 10 New Products ............................. 14 Industry N e w s ............................. 41
Product L ite ra tu re ...................... 116 Coming Meetings ...................... 124 Library Books............................... 126 Classified Advertising................. 132 Advertisers' Index ...................... 138
PUBLISHED MONTHLY, copyright 1969, by Am erican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and A ir-C onditioning Engineers, Inc., Publication office, C urtis Reed Plaza, Menasha, WIs. 54952. Second-class postage paid at Menasha, WIs. EXECUTIVE, EDITORIAL and SUBSCRIPTION offices, 345 E. 47 St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Correspondence on editorial m atters should be addressed to the Editor. CHANGES OF ADDRESS m ust be received a t subscription office seven weeks before they are effective. Send old and new addresses. SUBSCRIPTIONS--ASHRAE members: $5.00 1 yr., $8.00 2 yr., $10.00 3 yr. in USA and Canada; non-members: (rem ittance w ith order) $10.00 1 yr. [July-June] lesser term prorated, $2.00 per yr. additional in other countries. Single copies (rem ittance w ith order) ASHRAE members, $1.00; 6 mos. old or more $1.50; non-members $2.00; 6 mos. old or more $3.00. MICROFILMED by University M icrofilm s, Ann Arbor, Mich.
MEMBER of A udit Bureau of Circulations. ASHRAE does not necessarily agree w ith the statem ents or opinions advanced at its meetings or printed in its publications. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to ASHRAE Journal, 345 E. 47 St., New York, N.Y. 10017.
3
; 4
". ' I i
f-
W ILLIAM A. LOTZ Member ASHRAE
rri _ 1 T
L iliilli
In 1940, insulation materials such as rock wool, air cell,
85% magnesia, wool felt, hair felt, and cork were in
Hon
common use. Today, these materials have been replaced by
mineral wool, glass fiber, foam glass, calcium silicate, and
, hlyrene and urethane foams. This 30-year period has seen
the insulation industry grow and resulted in savings for the
insulation user. The demands upon insulation have become
much more severe in terms of space, temperature, health
hazards to the applicator, fire resistance of accessories, and
i last but not least, heat transfer. (See Figs. 1 and 2.)
ance. A few engineers and contractors realized the physics involved required vapor protection of the insulation. They relied upon asphalt for this protection. This resulted in the often false belief that anything black (like asphalt) was a vapor barrier. Others in the industry felt that cold insulation wore out and had to be replaced periodically.
Today the need for good vapor barriers is well documented in reference books such as ASH RAE G U ID E
AND DATA BOOK.
Recommended vapor barrier performance specifica-
;rag tion, mng ; for eside ' th*
con
baw<l
jj
D e rsity, Ibs/cu ft
rfafi*) I | I'ig. 1 Fibrous glass thermal conductivity vs fiber size and density
| Ul 75 F mean temperature (semilog)
lbe
f o || ! 32.3ft, ! ntquft elM altlMl U 4|
ng, %
It must be remembered that any cold insulation is only as good as its vapor barrier. Years ago, cold insulations tidied upon the blotter principle; that is, the insulation iiliHorbed moisture, and the result was "at least a gain in heat transfer. "A t least" because side effects, such as mrrosion of the pipe or rotting of wood structure, usually went hand in hand with the decrease in thermal perform-
t, A. Lotz, a member o f ASHRAE TC 2.4-Insulation and Moisture Harriers, is senior associate facilities engineer, IBM Burlington, Essex Sanction, Vt. This paper was presented at the Symposium on thermal Insulation during ASHRAE's 1968 Semiannual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio, February 5-8, 1968.
1(Ktf I ASHRAE JO U R N A L June 1969
Fig. 2 Fibrous glass thermal conductivity vs mean temperature andl
density for 0.00025 fiber size (semilog)
'
tions for straightforward insulation systems, such as chilled water or refrigeration piping, are:
Insulated piping
Perms, grains/hr sq ft in. Hg
Chilled water 45 to 55 F Refrigeration + 45 to -30 F
0.3 0.05
Note that these values are for the vapor barrier system (including joints and all components) and are not just the pristine vapor barrier itself. They can also be applied to ducts, chillers, or other cold equipment. Cold storage
warehouses require individual study. Table I gives the water vapor transmission rate for a
number of common materials. (Also see a s h r a e h a n d b o o k o f f u n d a m e n t a l s , Chapter 18.)
83
PROBLEM AREAS
There are common problem areas in thermal insulation that
are easy to avoid: Do not staple vapor barriers. Of the hundred or so
adhesives used in the field and tested in the laboratory, a few are capable of really sealing vapor barrier laps. With these few adhesives, stapling is not necessary ; and, besides, stapling can increase the water vapor transmission rate through a vapor barrier system by a factor of 20!
Table I. Water Vapor Transmission Rate1
Perms
Material
grains/hr sq ft in. Hg
Plastic Films and Sheets Polyethylene, 8 mil Polyethylene, 6 mil Polyethylene, 4 mil Polyester, glass fiber flake reinforced sheet,
74 mil Acrylic, glass fiber reinforced sheet,
56 mil Polyvinyl chloride, unplasticized,
2 mil Polyvinyl chloride, plasticized,
4 mil Polyethylene, fire retardant,
0.04 0.06 0.10
0.01 0.12 0.68 0.8 to 1.4
white pigmented 3 mil Coatings Styrene-butadiene latex paint
2 oz/sq ft Synthetic latex coating
4 oz/sq ft Asphalt emulsion
1.6 oz/sq ft
0.09
11.0 5.5 0.11
Asphalt cutback mastic 1/16 in. dry thickness 3/16 in. dry thickness
0.14 0.00
Chlorosulfonated polyethylene mastic coating
3.5 oz/sq ft 7.0 oz/sq ft
1./ 0.06
Hot melt asphalt
2.0 oz/sq ft
0.5
3.5 oz/sq ft
0.11
Foil and/or Kraft Laminates
7/10 mil foil - flame-resistant adhesive-scrim-kraft
as received with 35 pinholes in foil/sq ft with several larger holes in foil
0.02 0.04 0.08 to 0.16
with Vk in. overlap joint (in 6 in. test pan)
0.05
1 staple through above joint Brownskin, kraft -- 1 mil foil-kraft (asphalt adhesive)
0.34 0.01
Paper masking tape Duplex kraft 30-30-30 asphalt laminated Reinforced duplex (heavy duty) asphalt laminated
1/3 mil foil - 2 mil polyethylene kraft 1/3 mil foil - latex adhesive - kraft Asphalt saturated and coated kraft 1/3 mil foil-scrim-kraft (many holes in foil)
5.8 0.61 to 0.83
0.38 0.01 0.04 0.07 to 0.15 0.15
Miscellaneous** Asbestos transite board 0.2 in.
Plywood, 3/8 in. marine Masonite, 1/8 in.
Insulations** Urethane foam, refrigerant blown
Polystyrene foam, extruded Polystyrene foam, bead Cellular glass Unicellular flexible
Synthetic rubber foam
Cork _____________ .
5.4 1.8 3.6 perm-in. 0 .4 - 1.6 1.2
2 .0 - 5.8
.00
0.02 - 0.30 7.0
* Except where noted, all tests were conducted at 90 F, 50% rh,
dry cup following the procedure of ASTM E-96.
* * Conducted at 73 F, 50% rh, dry cup.
84
Be careful to specify the proper accessories. Mnj
times installations in which details like the failmm **<
adhesives or coatings on fittings have resulted in consul*
able grief and cost and caused the insulation system to lull
For example: (1) in an upper New York State in* n(^ ?
hospital, the refrigeration piping had a vapor barrier wilb *
perm rate of 7.0, which resulted in an expensive failure, *m4
(2) a vibrating liquid oxygen pipe in Butler, Pa. m *
completely devoid of insulation because the wire holding
the insulation in place had cut through the rigid insulation
Corrosion should be considered. Aluminum foil m I
mil thickness is the heart of many vapor barrier sysl*m*
However, aluminum is rapidly perforated by chloride i*m*
iron, sodium hydroxide (in many insulation cements). m
mercury compounds (used as mold inhibitors in painIt
etc.). There are ducts and cold storage warehouses with
flame-resistant salt-treated kraft-foil vapor barriers in win*It
corrosion made lace out of the foil within two month* ill
service. Stress corrosion of stainless steel is of serious con* . lit
in the process industries. A few years ago, a 2-in. llml
stainless steel autoclave split open on the first day uf operation due to water soluble chlorides in the insulaliug !
coupled with a steam leak.
'
Watch out for health hazards. In 1964, an insulaliut
worker in Ohio died of anthrax from hairfelt insulation A
search of the medical journals reveals many reports of d*al|
caused by asbestosis. This condition is a result of niwn^.|
years of breathing asbestos dust and is similar in sonu
spects to the results of cigarette smoking. Also, the it
from fibrous insulations has been the subject of many jok
over the years; but, nevertheless, it is a real problem l
many people.
,,
Ask the material^ manufacturers for the facts. Thnsftj
brands of supposedly identical insulation were tested I
water vapor transmission rate. It was found that brand
was 0.1 perms; brand B, 0.3 perms; and brand C, O.lltj
perms. Visually, they could not be distinguished-
Will it burn under job conditions? In a few instamt*,
boiler insulation has smoldered or burned from weldrfi^
sparks. These incidents leave questions in the engineer^:
mind because the material was rated "incombustible" 1>\ 13
variety of laboratory tests that did not take the mu
important factor into account-the job conditions. Will aiiy
component in the system burn: the adhesive, the canvas, ill)
the paint? Remember the materials with varying degree*. uf;
resistance to flame are available with a minor cost increaw.v
SUMMARY
The insulation industry has gone through a dynamic cluing during the past 30 years. It has attempted to keep sensitive^ to the needs of the users, and to communicate the lah'ijj technology of the industry to the insulation user.
RIRI lOGRAPHY
1. Lotz, W. A., Heat and Air Transfer in Cold Storage Insulation, J
a s h r a e j o u r n a l , April 1964, Vol. 6, No. 4, p. 53.
,>
2. Lotz, W. A., Vapor Barrier Design, Neglected Key to Frmi'l
Insulation Effectiveness, Quick Frozen Foods, November 19H 3. Cold-Storage Facilities: A Guide to Design and Construe
tion, Building Research Advisory Board, National Academy **l , Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, D. C,, Publication :
1098 (1963).
i
4. Lotz, W. A., Vapor Barrier Design for Cold Storage Application*, .
ASHRAE JOURNAL, December 1964, Vol. 6, No. 12, p. 46.
j
ASHRAE JO U R NA L June 190U
advertisers' index
Below is a list of those companies whose advertisements appear in ASHRAE JOUR NAL. Those shown with an asterisk
have a p p e a re d in p rev iou s issues.
For further information concerning manufacturers produrn please consult the 1969 edition of ASHRAE GUIDE AND DAI* ; BOOK. Those company listings which represent manufactura \ advertising in the 1969 edition are shown in parentiwm \
A. C. Manufacturing Co.
10
Aerodynamics Inspecting Co.
118
Aerofin Corp. .
.
39
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 134)
Aeroquip Corp., Barco Div.
24
Aireactor Corp.
136
Air Filter Corp.
38
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 22)
Air Preheater Co. Inc.
*
Alco Controls Corp.
4th Cover
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 30)
Alnor Instrument Co.
56
American Air Filter Co.
*
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 163-168)
American Elec. Power Service Corp. 134 American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc.
*
Ametek, Inc.
*
Anchor Plastics Co. Inc.
124
Arkla Air Condg. Co.
*
Armstrong Cork Co.
2
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 82)
Armstrong Machine Works
*
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 156-7)
Australian Refrigeration, Air Condg.
& Heating
136
Ball Valve Co.
*
Baltimore Aircoil Co. Inc.
57
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 1)
Barry Blower Co.
3rd Cover
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 3A-6A)
Bell & Gossett ITT .
123
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 37A-44A)
Bendix-Westinghous
40
Binkley Co., B-Line Div............
114
Bundy Tubing Div., Bundy Corp
*
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 36)
Cambridge Filter Corp.
. *
Cargocaire Engineering Corp.
18
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 44)
Carnes Corp.
*
Carrier Air Condg. Co.
44
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 11A-26A)
Century Electric Co.
133
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 124)
Certain-Teed Saint Gobain Insulation
Corp.
.
12-13
Chace, W. M. Co.
124
Continental Air Filter Co. .
17
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 137)
Controls Company of America
(A-P Controls Div.)
2nd Cover, 1
Daikin Kogyo Co. Ltd.
.
*
Danfoss, Inc.
*
Dayco Corp.
.
120
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 162)
Dunham-Bush, Inc.
33
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 56-59)
Dwyer, F. W. Mfg. Co. Inc.
*
Electric Heating Assoc.
121,122
Elgo Shutter & Mfg. Co.
*
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 46 )`
Essex Wire Corp., Controls Div.
75
Field Control Div., Conco, Inc.
*
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 100)
General Cable Corp.
130
Goldberg, Bertrand Assoc.
*
Gould-National, Inc.
*
Grillmaster, Inc.
109
Halstead & Mitchell Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
Heil Process Equipt. Corp.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
Henry Valve Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
Hitachi New York Ltd.
Hupp Corp., Infra-Red Div.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
Hydrotherm, Inc.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
ITT Bell & Gossett
.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
119
p. 26-27)
, *
p. 69)
6
p. 135)
5
113
p. 7)
.
*
p. I l l )
.123
p. 37A-44A)
Jamison Door Co.
.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
J e n n -A ir C o r p ........................
Johns-Manville Corp.
Johnson Service Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
*
p. 104)
25
23 115
p. 200-201)
Kramer-Trenton Co....................
8-9
Larkin Coils, Inc.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
Lau Blower Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK -
.
135
p. 49)
35, 36
p. 54-55)
Mammoth Indus. Inc.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 53A-56/V
Marathon Electric Mfg. Corp.
137
Markin Tubing, Inc.
. .,
. 34
Mayekawa Mfg. Co. Ltd. .
7
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 210-211.)
McDonnell & Miller, Inc.
111
McGraw-Hill Book Co. .
*
McQuay, Inc...............................
19
Mears Controls, Inc.
112
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 152-153)
Modern Refrigeration .................... 136
Mueller Brass Co.
.
117
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 178)
National Oil Fuel Institute, Inc.
*
New York Blower Company
125
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 40)
Niagara Blower Co.
#
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 71)
Olin Brass Div., Olin Mathieson
'
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. ?/ it
Penn Controls, Inc.
si
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 79)
Phillips, H. A. & Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 65)
Pope, Evans and Robbins
Precision Parts Corp.
it
Preferred Industrial Products
till
Pritchard Prod. Corp.
li
Racon, Inc.
n*
Raypak, Inc.
Hi
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 144445)
Refrigerating Specialties Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 17)
Rempe Company
Research Products Corp.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 72)
Revcor, Inc.
\ti
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 45)
Rome Turney Radiator Co.
'H ;
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 38)
Rust Engineering Co.
i:t*
Sarco Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 138)
Scovili Mfg. Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 119)
Sellers Engineering Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 12)
Shank, Cyrus Co. Smith, H. B. Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 4)
Sporlan Valve Co. Spring Steel Fasteners, Inc. Sta-Rite Indus. Inc.
Stephens-Adamson Mfg. Co.
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 131)
St. Regis Paper Co., CP Div.
M t?t
(
41
Sit
11*4-
Temprite Products Co.
1*
Tennessee Plastics, Inc.,
Raywall Div. Tjernlund Mfg. Co.
1
(ASHRAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK - p. 10)
Thomas Beckett Div.,
Hydrometals, Inc.
?
United Sheet Metal . Universal Interloc, Inc.
14 I I {
Weil Pump Co.
41
Westinghouse Air Brake Co.
1\i
Wingaersheek Turbine Co.
111
Wolverine Tube Div.,
Universal Oil Prod.
III
ADVERTISING OFFICES:
NEW YORK James E. Janson, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, N. Y. 10017 (212-752-6800)
CHICAGO Wm. J. Gatenby, 5526 N. Elston, Chicago, III. 60630 (312-775-6161)
138
CLEVELAND
J. M. Doran, 2178 Lee Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44118 (216-932-3760)
SOUTHERN
Narvell & Crank Assoc., Inc. Wm. O. Crank, C. John Narvell, Suite 101-102, 3110 Maple Dr. N.E., Atlanta, Ga. 30305 (404-261-0436)
WESTERN
f
Robert C. Johnson & Asi.ui. :
612 No. Sepulveda Blvd , -
Los Angeles, Calif. 90049
(213-476-1192)
1085 Monadnock Bldg,,
San Francisco, Calif. 9410h
(415-362-6979)
;
SOUTHWESTERN
John L. Hathaway,
159 Investment Bldg.,
414 So. R. L. Thornton Frwy
Dallas, Texas 75203
1
(214-943-4266)
;
ASHRAE JO U R N A L June 19WJ ;