Document 1Q8dYvbVYaKmV1nNdBMY0XdkE

FILE NAME: Z< DATE: & DOC#: Z< DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION /,:ZZ AMERICAN VOlUMf 19, NUMHR 1 February 1958 ASSOCIATION Journal PUBliSHED BY THE WILLIAMS & BALTIMORE 2. MARYLAND WllKINS COMPANY :ndards: Hn,udbook Washington, D. C :ODGE, H.: Plltl.rma. en ,Jog} of t)raniurt) ~w-Hil1 Book '49. ., E TOLERANCE: even t.hough brief uld be .woid{)d.1 )N CENTRATlON AZARDOUS TO le. tallled ill siliceous xl riiatomitt', diaaJ. earth, kieselguhr !ontent varies with (lateri;}]. Synthetic size partickf:. !trc ,ving trade na.;xies; lsil, HiS11, Llldox, Id Byloid. lOo ) tices dustrhI uses :11'(;: tl.:1H{~ner$. pOli5h aut! higb t.el11~ EXPUSrJJES: .t~ ~ilj('[!, d'.l:St. may eicct.rostn.i k prE'implngt<r method, hol and wakt' HR ) and dust count.s I'd light. fwld U~ch 'I hods for evaluai. Ig from thr:> subnot bt"en (10vised, 'd upon weight 01' lir.rogl'n ph)''' ~('em C. R.ECmdJ\1ENDED CONTROL PROCEDURES: To prevent exposure to high concentrations (If 1t1Xlorpho\\:'l silict~ dust, process ventilation and/or enclosure are the hest nW1tIl.lS of control. For some operations a dust respirator ~tpproved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines rv. may he satisfactory. Spedc PrO<ledures A. PIR&'T AID: None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Preplacement: Clinical and ehest. radiographic examinations should be made 011 all persons prior to job assignment. (2) Periodic: Sinel:' there is only limited information itbout the harmful effects of amorphous silk~t in industry, exposed personnel should have careful periodic medical ex- aminations, including chest x-ray. Pulmonary function testing may be usefuL (3) Treatment! No satisfactory treat- nwnt other than removal from exposure, and therapy for any com- plicating infection. V. Literature References 1. COOPER; W. C., et al: Industr.ial Hy giene Foundat.ion Transaction Bulletin No. 30,182-194. 2. DRINK.ER, P. A~D HA'fCU) T.: Industrial Dust. MeGraw-Hill Co., Inc. New York, 1954. 3. FRASlllR, D. A,: AMA Arch. oj Ind.lIyg. and Oce, M('d., 8: 412, 1953. 4. LAJ.'\-mIE, J. S.; Ind. Med.; 7: 470,1938. 5. PALICAltD, A. AND COLLw:r, A.: AMA Arch. 0/ Ind. lIyy. and Oce. Med., .9: 389, 1954. 6. SClIEPERS, G. W. H., I't. a1: AMA Arch. of In~f, Ji(lalth, 16; 125, 1957; ibid, 16 ~ 203, 1957; ibid, 18: 2&), 1957; ibid, HJ: 363, 1957; ibid., 16: 499, 1957. 7. Sh-!AH'l" R H. AND ANDERSON, W. M.: In-d. Med. ({nd Burg., 21: 509, 1952. 8. TEBBE:Ns, B. D. AND BEAItD, R. R.: AMA. Arch. Ind.lI(,<uth, 16: 55, 1957. 9. U. S. Public HMlt.h Service; California Department of Pnhlio Hel\lth; Nevada St.ate Health Departme!),L; Oregon St.ate Board of HealtJl: Progress Report of Study of Pneumoconiosis J:Ia.za.rds iu the Diatorn.ite Processing Indttstry. 1955. Asbestos " I. Hygienic Standards A. RECOMMEN DEl) MAXIM UM AT~ MOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION (8 hours): 5 m.illion particles per cubic foot of air (MPPGF).1 (1) Bru..1S for Recommendation: Experience in itldustry ,Il, t. s. 1~. l3 and ani- : " mal experiments:' 1 B. SEVERITY OF HAZARDS: :" (fi Health: Long continued inhalation of asIx-st.os dust results in a form of pneumoconiosls known as asbes- tosis. The primary effect of inh..al.a- tion .is an interstitud pulmonary fibrosis. The disease is characterized by nsbestos bodies in the lung,\< and sputulll. Based on roentgcuological examinat,ions, asbestosis can be das- sified itS minimal, moderate, Hnd advanced. It is a serious disease in some iustfmces, but more frequently it rema.ins nonciisablillg for mitny years, even without. appreciable syn~pton-lj;:) tu: long t1,S sotnG ot.h~r serious disease does not supervene t.o cause dNtth.2 Chief symptoms of advanced asbestosis are variablt> cough, dyspnEm, substernal chest pains, deerellsed ehest ('xpan.sion, weakne.<..;,s, em~tciation, clubbed fin~ ger tips, and curved fingernails. Any appreciable decrease in th' amount of asbest.os dust in the breatJling atmosphere will caus{' a derf)ase in the incidence iind se\yeritv of a.sbesWsi.-:!. IndiYidu~d sueeptibility varies.{' There have boon reports of a)l increased illcidetlce of hmg cancer in persons wi.th asbe.stOsis." (2).Fire: None. C. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERANCE; Not applicable: n. Significant Properties A fibrous ma,gnesiulll cale.iurn silicate which occurs in various combinations as white, greyish or greenish mas..-:es, either compact or of lon.g silky fibers, flax-like and readily sepaIated. About 95% of ('ommerical asbes- tos is. ~hrys>otile, whieh ill: dArt v",d from serpentine, and is a hydrous magne..'lium 8ili0l1te containing from 12 to 14 per cent water of crystalliZiLtion. HI. Industria.! Hygiene Practice A. RECOGNITION: The spinning and \veaviug of asbestos, in combination with other textiles for fire proof and heat resistant cloth) results in dust exposure. It may be used by itself or combined with other materials for valve p~t()kings, gaskets, boiler lagging and pipe cover'" iug, protective clothing.. shielding materials, and as automotive brake linings. In the building industry it is used in the manufMture of asbestos celnent products, heat i.nsulating, and fireproofing materials. B. EVALUATION 0]<' }ll.XPOSURES: Asbestos dust may be eampled with the electrostatic precipitator or by the impinger methed using alcohol or alcohol and water, as the collecting medium/' Q and dust counts made by the standard light fieJd technique.~ The recommended maxlll1um atmospheric concentration of 5 MPPCF is based upon the impinger samplIng procedure. C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PROCEDURES: Prevention of asbestosis depends entirely upon preventing expO:;'Ul'e to concentrations of dust sufficiently high to produce the characteristic reaction. Encio1:J'Ure or local exhaust ventilation are the principal means of dust control. U. S. Bttreau of Mines approved dust respirators may be worn as protection for some operations. IV. Specific I'roceclures A. FIRST AID: None. E. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Prepilwement: Clinical and radio- graphk chest examinations pri{)r to job a.ss:ignment. (2) Periodic; Exposed personnel should have periodic clinical examination for signs and symptoms of asb~ tosis. These should include exallli nation of the sputum for ashestosi bodies, and dlest x-rays of gool qlla.lity. (a) Treatment: No satisfac (ory troilt numt other than removal from ex posure Emd therapy for any jlOru plicating infection. V. Literature References a.1. America.n Conference of Governruelltc lndustrutl HygknisLs: LiMA Arch. c Ind. Health) 16; 2tH, 19,1)'7. 2. CAR'r:t:ER, bUL: A.MA. Arch. vf In( Health; 11.' 204, 1955. DOLL, R.: Brit. .T. Ind. Med.) 12: ,~ H155. 4. DREESEN, W. C., et al: Public Healt Bulletin No, ~41, Supt. of Doe., "ViIS!: ingt.on, D. C., 1938. 5. DRINKEH, P. AND HA1'CH) T.: Indu~tri~ D-ust. McGl'mv-HiU Book Co., lue Ne\-v York, 1954. 6. FAIR-HAT,1., LAWRENOE '1'.: lndustrl: Toxieology, The Williams &. \VilkiJ: Co., J3altimoxe, Md., 1957. 7. RING, E. .J., et al: Thorox I, p. 18: HHtL 8. LYNCH, K .M.: AMA A.rch. oj Jr.. Health, 11: 185, W55. 9. lVICPHEETER.6, S, B.: J. Ind. Hyg. I Tax., 18; 229, 1936. 10. PAGE, It. T. AND BWOMFIELO, J. J Pub. Health Repts. 52: 1713, J.937. 11. rA'l''l'l', li~RA1ifK A.: Industrial Hygiel and Toxicology, Vo1. 1. Interscienl PubI.isbers) Inc., New York, HHS. 12. Sl'rHTH, KW., A1Y1A Arch. of lri Health, 12: 198, 1955. la, VOR\...AU), A. J., et at; AitfA .4 rch. In Hyg. ilnd Gce'up. Med. ;3: 1, 1951. Bec(Hw} 01 space lim;itat.ions, it is impossible to li8t all methods of 6XpOSI},re E: valuation. The -$eleotions have been made on the basis of i,,"urrent 'usage) reliahilily! and appli.:a,biW..y to the u8ual indul$trial type oJ o:cpo8wre. Any ~pecific Clt'al1w.tio'n and/OI' control problem will involve pl'Ofe!!~ional jwl.gnumt. Thi.s can beet (le done by professimwl industrial hygiene personnel. Rei5.pimtory protective devices are cDmmercially available. 'j'heir ,l$<', h(I/;;evC'Y shou.u.i boef hcaonzafirndedcotontreoml.ergency or intermittent 6;l)POSU1'8S and not, relied upon ((8 TJlimaryj rnearu;; ,slllAtrare~ala;rtdiov'e''islc-a.le is used for rating the lJeverity of haz<l1'ds: nil, lOH', moderate, high, (tnd ~linica.} examinations symptonl$ of a,sbes~ ouid. include eXl1lni. puttlnl for asbestosis ,est xNrays of gOod I sn.t.isfl.tctory treat_ n removal front e.lt~ ~rapy for any com- OU. co of Government,aJ ~: ,4JL1 Arch. of J1, 1957. MA .1?"Ch. of 1nft. 955. lnd. Med.) 12: S, tal: Public Health .lPt. of Doe., Wa&~h I\.'L'CUI T.: Industrial I Book Co., Iuc.) fCE T.: IndustrIal 'llliatru; & Wilkins " 1957. Thorox I, p. 188, itA. Arch. of but. 155. .: J. ind. fiyg. & I. ltOOMFIELDJ J. .J.: 52: 1713, 1937. Industrial Hygiene 01. 1. Intersdence r York, 1948. fA Arch. oj lnd. 55. l: AMA Ar-ch.lnd. fed. 3: 1, 1951. \-VU,hIAM E. McCORMICK, Chaim~an HERVEY B. ELKINS, Ph.D. DAVID W. FASSETT, M.D. CLYDE M. DIKRY, Ph.D. H. W. SPEICHER W1J.,LlAM B. HARRJ8 MiLVXN W. FrnST, Se.D. il. E. STOKfNGER, Ph.Dy PA\'JI, D. HALLEY EDWARD V, fu'N$ON. M.D. 1'--~~.ElR1CAN I.NDUSTRIAL RYGUlNli< ASSOCIATION 14J25 Pl"evost, Detroit 27, Michigan. Please send the following number of copies (If hygienic Guides at $.25 eaeb: -----Acetaldehyde ...............cetic Acid --..-...Ethyl Alcohol -----Ethyl Benzene .............Nitrogen Dioxide ~.....,._Ozone __Acetone ----Acrylonitrile --Ethylene Dibrom:ide -----Pentachlorophenol and _lBthylene Glycol Mono~ , Sodium Pcntaehloro- -Amyl Acetate _ _Anhydrous methyl Ether phenate __Fluoride-Bearing Dusts ____Phenol Ammonia __Aniline Ilnd Fumes ____Fluorine _.............Phosphoric Acid ;.~Pyridine .. _ _ Arsine ..._Forma.ldehyde ___Silica (Amorpholls) __Asbestos __Hydrogen Cyanide __Silica (Froo Silica, 8ili~ ~Benzenc ._ _Beryllium _.._Hydrogen FJ-uoride __Hydrogen Peroxide ~on Dioxide) __8u1ur Dioxide ----.Butyl Alcohol _Cadmium _____lIydtogen Sulfide ___Hydrazine ------'sulf'uric Acid _.___Toluene .~_Carbon Disulfide ...__Lea-d and its Inorganic __Toluene 2,4 DiisClCYa.- __Carbon Monoxide Compounds nate --Carbon Tet,mchlo- ride __Chromic Add --Mercury ~ethyl Alcohol ______Methyl Bromide _--...Trlchloroetnylene --1,1,1J -Triehloroothane __TIranium (Natura.!) ~_1,2-Dichlor(lethlttle ____Methyl.Ethyl Ketone __Vanadium I'entoxide ........-Dimethylformamide __Methylene Diehloride ---<'Xylene ____Nickel Carbonyl .._Zinc Oxide PNlaemasee_se_n_d_--_--_1o_ose_l_ea_f_b_in_d_e_r(_s)__fo_r_th_e__H_y_gi_en_i_c _G_ll_id_e_s _a_t _$1_.2_5_e_M_h_._______ ~ Addres.'l---------------- ..-.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Citv.------------------..-----....--- Zone _ _ State ___________ Re~littanoo must accompany orders for less t,lum $2.1)0. Discount of 20% 011 orders of five or more Guide-oS; 40% discount on orders of 100 or more Guides. rr;: ovahwtion. , applicability ltrol prohlem industrial hy- e'Vt'r, ~hould "imar'Y meW'LS