Document 1Q68bnGbk3QeVeOZz3Z16wbqm

? mi. ' i* / ' ii\ /. 'iluuaniaMU < tHm*triul llyi.ienu Plgcat AugUSt, nip> S, y ). e*Y oi n )>: ii ulu* th* i. t 6 ny L7 A Power HUnt Safety Program. W, C. Kramer Coal'Utilisation" H, 21-22 (June I960). The prime requisite for a successful safety program is the enlistment of full cooperation from ail plant umplo)uus. The author presents a program which does not use incentives or rewards and ctill has been nighty successful. Before a safety program can got off the ground, the principles and objectives must be spelled out. The following could be called to a company's safety philosophy: 0) Every employee hat a responsibility for safety. U) Safety is an integral part of doing a job right and is made a vital part of all job training. (J) No job is so urgent or emergency so great that it cannot bo taken care of safely. (4) Top management must be sincere and active in their pursuit of safety if sueh an attitude is to prevail. When thie attitude reaches and is accepted by first line supervisors, the safety program works because employees adopt the attitude of those for whom they work. |5) Safety on the job and off the job are equally important. A proper attitude toward safety is a way of life. <118 Understanding the Electron J G, Huffman. Natl. Safety News 2. 3A-39. 171-172 (July 1960). Last year in the United States about l,COO persona met death by accidental electro* cution; another 5,000 received serious injury from electrical causes. Property damage ran Into millions. Electron flow or movement along a conductor ie called an eleetrie current. A rate of 6 a 1C* electrons per second is equivalent to ons ampere. When current flows, it re leases energy. An electrical current uf only 25/1000 ampere pasting through the human hotly can be lethal. Fortunately, it usually requires considerably more, especially when the current ?th does not cross the heart or Important nerve centers. Even though not lethal, serious burns car. result where higher currents are Involved. Three things are necessary for sufficient cur rent to pass through the human body to be dangerous. First, the circuit has to be complete. The current must have points of contact where it can enter and leave the body. The second condition is that the voltage must be bigb enough tc cause a Urge enough current to flow. Finally, the source must have the capacity to supply the current, whatever the voltage. The commonest situation which can provide the throe necessary conditions for serious shock is contact with an ungrounded portable device, such as a hotplate, a stirrer, or a pH meter. These devices often develop an eleetrlcaJ path between the Internal wiring and the frame. If this path ie a metallic one, it's called a short} if It's due to dirt or a breakdown of insulation, It's called a leak. In either case, the frame of the device would be hot electrically to ground. This hisard can be almost completely eliminated by the use of a 3-wire receptacle, plug, and cable. Keating tapes with thin poroue insulation represent a class of potentially hasardous de vises which cannot be made safe easily. Leakage sometimes exists from the heating wire in the tape through the insulation to the surface. It can be due to the insulation being worn loir. ;r to some conducting material having soaked into It. There la no metal frame to ground, so a third wire is of no value. Other precautions to be observed In handling electrics! equipment i:. the laboratory are discussed by the euthor. fV .31 yi-i