Document 16zE2zrqe9pEppVEmdKpj59a

FILE NAME: Oil Industry and American Petroleum Institute (API) DATE: 1945 July 2 DOC#: API 105 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Shell Co. Memo RE Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds - A Lit Review Vv FOR INFO RM ATIO N ONLY - NOT FOR P U B L IC A T IO N A C O N T R IB U T IO N O F IN FO R M A T IO N TO M EM BERS OF THE A . P . I . L A I C A L ADVISORY COUSETTEE SHELL O IL COMPANY, INCORPORATED WOOD RIVER RESEARCH LABORATORIES { ! f" i REPORT NO. M-12U7 JU L Y 2 , 19ltg f . L-i F U SUBJECT: CARCINOGENIC HYDROCARBONS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS' A LITERATURE REVIEW L'j AUTHOR: H H ZUlDEMA Exportation of This Report is Subject to License Under the National Defense Act SHELL OIL COMPANY, INCORPORATED WOOD RIVER RESEARCH LABORATORIES REPORT NO. M-12^7 JULY 2, SUBJECT: CARCINOGENIC HYDROCARBONS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS A LITERATURE REVIEW AUTHOR: H. H. ZUIDEMA Industrial cancer was first recognized in England in the latter part of the eighteenth century, when it was established that chimney sweeps were particularly liable to cancer of the scrotum.io This was caused by soot. Progress in this field of study was very slow at first, and it was not until 1915 that two Japanese investi gators announced the first case of carcinoma in an experimental animal. They produced first papillomas and then true cancer of the epidermis on the ears of rabbits by painting with tar over long periods of time. 35 During the thirty years that have elapsed since that discovery, a great doal of work has been done with various coal tar and petroleum fractions and pure compounds either occurring in these fractions or prepared synthetically.' Numerous species of tost animals, including mice, rats, fowl, rabbits, and dogs have boon used, and many methods of application, including oral administration, intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous injection, and painting on the skin. The method that appears to be the most widely used at present consists of painting a solution on the skin of a special in bred strain of mice. Mice are preferred over animals having longer life-spans since they respond more rapidly. The special strains are used to increase the precision of the test. Painting is preferred to other methods of application because there is less likelihood of interference by simultaneous spontaneous carcinomata. The carcino genicity of a given compound is influenced by many factors including the genetic constitution of the animal species and strain, its age and sex, the diet, the physical condition of the animal, the purity of the compound, the dose, the physical state of the compound, the solvent used, and the route or site of application. 25 While carcinogenic properties are generally associated with certain polynuclear aromatics and their derivatives, there are many substances entirely unrelated to these compounds which have been re ported as having similar cancer-producing ability. Among these may be mentioned asbestos;3u37 , inorganic compounds of arsenic end of zinc2 5, aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous hydrochloric acid25, ethyl alcohol25, glucose25, fructose25, and a number of nitrogen * compounds, most of which contain one or more benzene rings25. Radio active elements and compounds are not included in this discussion since the mechanism of their producing cancer is probably quito different, i.e., physical rather than chemical. Materials which have been roported Beport No. M-1247 B ib lio gra p h y (Continued) 20. Fieser, L.F., Am. j. Cancer, 4, 37-124 (1938). 21* TllHT" L `F `' 311,1 Campbe11' W -P -> J* Am. Chem. Soc., 60, 1142-5 22. Fieser, L.F., and Fieser, M . , "Organic Chemistry", pages 814-26 Heath and Co., Boston, Mass., 1944. ' 23. Gottschalk, B.G., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., JjO, 369-73 (1942), 24. Haddov, A., and Eobinson, A.M., Proc. Boy. Soc., B127, 277-87 25* Public Health Service, Nat. Inst. Health, T a ! L d T erpInSi `' -- Tested for Carcinogenic 'Ac"tSiuvriyteyy",of37C1omppopu.nds which Have Been 26. Heller, I., J. ind. Hyg., 12, 169-97 (1930). 27' ^ 5^37 f ^ 3i)Kennava^ N *M -> 0111 Kennaway, E.L., J. Hyg., 31, 28. Hieger, I., Blochern. J., 24, 505-11 (1930). 29. HuePer, W.C., J. ind. Hyg., 16, 255-79 (1934). 30. Kennaway, E.L., Brit. Med. J.,. 1925, II 1-4. 31. Kennaway, E.L., Biochem. J., 24, 497-504 (1930). 32* 1044-6?7 ' E 'L *' andHleger^ Brlt- Med. J., 1930, No. 3622, 33' ie|-|4( i ^ ) EU8Ch' H,p-' m i B o m n a m i - o" " 3k' 30?!li38^te9'J(i9St.Wedl8r' S 'V " ArC" ' P"th' (rchov'a), ' Alexander's "Colloid Chemistry", Toi. v, 995-1050 (1944), Eeinhold Publishing Co., N.Y. ' ^ 10JO 36` ^1^ 5^ A*A., ClaPP, D.B., and Brand, C.F., Science, 82, 134 37* Nordmann, M., Z. Krebsforsch., 4-7, 288-302 (1938).