Document 15baRnnw2g7L1MwJnGmRJXErj

FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 38 Number 66 PART II ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS Asbestos, Beryllium, and Mercury CAPCO JEN 0022115 8820 RULES AND REGULATIONS Title 40--Protection of Environment CHAPTER 1--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SUBCHAPTER C--AIR PROGRAMS > PART 61--NATIONAL EMISSION STAND ARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS Asbestos, Beryllium, and Mercury On March 31, 1971 (36 FR 5931), pur suant to section 112 of the Clean Air Act, as amended, the Administrator published an initial list of three hazardous air pol lutants which, in his judgment may cause, or contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious ir reversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness. The pollutants were asbestos, beryllium, and mercury. On December 7, 1971 (36 FR 23239), the Administrator proposed standards for these pollutants. Interested persons participated in the rulemaking by giving testimony at public hearings and by sending comments to EPA. Public hearings were held in New York City on January 18, 1972, and in Los Angeles on February 15 and 16, 1972. A third hearing, scheduled to be held in Kansas City, on February 1, 1972, was canceled because of a lack of requests to participate. Sixty-eight persons gave testimony at the public hearings, and 56 persons sent comments to EPA. Repre sented were industries, universities, gov ernmental agencies--Federal, State, and local, and environmental groups. Copies of the public hearing records are avail able at all EPA Regional Offices and at the Division of Stationary Source En forcement, room 3220, 401 M Street SW,, Washington, D.C. 20460, where copies of the comments received are also available. The bases for the Administrator's de terminations that asbestos, beryllium, and mercury are hazardous, the deriva tions of the standards now adopted, the Environmental Protection Agency's re sponses to the significant comments received, and the principal revisions to the proposed standards are summarized below. A more detailed statement is available on request from the Emission Standards and Enginering Division, En vironmental Protection Agency, Re search Triangle Park, N.C. 27711, Atten tion: Mr. Don Goodwin. In addition, the Administrator is issuing information on control techniques for asbestos, beryl lium, and mercury as directed by section 112(b) (2) of the act. Copies of these documents may be obtained free of charge from EPA Regional Offices. Asbestos Asbestos is a hazardous air pollutant within the meaning of section 112. Many persons exposed to asbestos dust de veloped asbestosis when the dust concen tration was high or the duration of ex posure was long (1-7). A large number of studies have shown that there is an association between occupational ex posure to asbestos and a higher-thanexpected incidence of bronchial cancer (S--30). Asbestos also has been identified, as a causal factor in the development of mesotheliomas, cancers of the mem- Reterences at end ot article. branes lining the chest and abdomen it Is necessary to control emissions from, (30--47). There are reports of mesotheli major man-made sources of asbestos oma associated with nonoccupational emissions into the atmosphere, but that exposures in the neighborhood of as it is not necessary to prohibit all bestos sources (33, 42, 47, 48). An out emissions. standing feature has been the long In this determination, the Administra period, commonly over 30 years, between tor has relied on the National Academy the first exposure to asbestos and the ap of Sciences' report on asbestos (53), pearance of a tumor (49, 50). There is which concludes: ``Asbestos is too im evidence which indicates that mesothli- portant in our technology and economy omas occur after much less exposure to for its essential use to be stopped. But, asbestos dust than the exposure associ because ol the known serious effects of ated with asbestos (51. 52). uncontrolled inhalation of asbestos min It is not practicable, at this time,, to erals in industry and uncertainty as to establish allowable numerical concentra the shape and character of the dose- tions or mass emission limits for asbestos. response curve in man. It would be highly Satisfactory means of measuring ambient imprudent to permit additional contami asbestos concentrations have only re nation of the public environment with cently been developed, and satisfactory asbestos. Continued use at minimal risk means of measuring asbestos emissions to the public requires that the major are still unavailable. Even if satisfactory sources of man-made asbestose emission means of measuring asbestos emissions into the atmosphere be defined and con did exist, the previous unavailability of a trolled." satisfactory means of measuring ambient The means of control used are limita levels of asbestos makes It impossible' to tions on visible emissions with an option estimate even roughly the quantitative in some cases to use designated control relationship between asbestos-caused ill equipment, requirements that certain ness and the doses which caused those Ill procedures be followed, and prohibitions nesses. This is a major problem, since on the use of certain materials or of cer some asbestos caused illnesses have a 30- tain operations. These means of control year latency period. are required because of the impossibility EPA considered the possibility of ban at this time of prescribing and enforc ning production, processing, and use of ing. allowable numerical concentrations asbestos or banning all emissions of as or mass emission limitations known to bestos into the atmosphere, but rejected provide an ample margin of safety. The these approaches. The problem of meas alternative of no control of the sources uring asbestos emissions would make the subject to this standard was rejected latter approach impossible to enforce. because of the significant health hazard Either approach would result in the pro of unregulated emissions of asbestos into hibition of. many activities which are the atmosphere from the designated extremely important: moreover, the major sources. available evidence relating to the health It is the Administrator's judgment hazards of asbestos does not suggest that that the asbestos sources subject to this such prohibition is necessary to protect standard are the major sources of as public health. For example, demolition of bestos emissions. In the absence of quan any building containing asbestos fire titative emission data, the Administra proofing or insulating materials would tor's judgment was based on an national have to be prohibited as would the use of inventory of sources and emissions of materials containing even trace amounts asbestos (54) and other reports (53, 55). of asbestos which could escape into the The asbestos emissions and emission atmosphere. ' factors presented in the national inven Finally, the available evidence suggests tory were based on information obtained a gradient of effects from direct occupa from production and reprocessing com tional, to indirect occupational exposure, panies. This information included pro to families of workers exposed to asbestos duction figures, estimates of control and persons in the neighborhood of as equipment efficiency and material bal bestos sources--in all of which situa ances; it did not include emission test tions asbestos concentrations are un results. The major sources of asbestos doubtedly high by comparison with most emissions were considered to fall into five community air. This suggests that there categories: (1) Mining and milling: (2) are levels of asbestos exposure that will manufacturing: (3) fabrication; (4) de not be associated with any detectable molition; and (5) spraying. In deter risk, although these' levels are not mining which of these major sources known (53). should be covered by the standard pro It is probable that the effects of as mulgated herein, the Administrator con bestos inhalation are cumulative: that is, sidered the effect other Federal regula low-level and/or Intermittent exposure tions will have on the emissions from to asbestos over a long time may be such sources and the proximity of such equally as Important in the etiology of sources to the public. In addition, the asbestotic disease as high level and/or Administrator considered comments on continuous exposure over a shorter pe-. the proposed standard and additional riod. On the other hand, the available technical data not available before pro evidence does not Indicate that levels posal. The following paragraphs explain of asbestos in most community air cause these considerations and the changes asbestotic disease. Taking both these made to the standard between proposal considerations into account, the Admin and final promulgation. istrator has determined that. In order to The promulgated standard applies to provide an ample margin of safety to asbestos mills, selected manufacturing protect the public health from asbestos. operations, the use of spray-on asbestos FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 . CAPCO JEN 0022116 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8821 materials, demolition operations, and the measures taken to comply with the Bu The proposed standard would have surfacing of roadways with asbestos tail reau of Mines and Occupational Safety limited emissions from a number of ings. The Administrator will continue to and Health Administration regulations to sources by stipulating that such emis investigate other existing and new protect the health of persons who work sions could not exceed the amounts which sources of asbestos emission and If any In proximity to dumps and open storage would be emitted from the source if the of them are found to be major sources, areas will prevent the dumps and storage source were equipped with a fabric filter; the standard will be revised to cover areas from being major sources of asbes or, in some cases, a wet-collection air- them. tos emissions. cleaning device. This would have required As applied to mines, the proposed The proposed standard would have ap a standardized emission-measuring tech standard would have limited the emis plied to buildings, structures, or facilities nique, which is not currently available. sions from drilling operations and pro within which any fabricating or manu The promulgated standard prohibits visi hibited visible emissions of particulate facturing operation i3 carried on which ble emissions which contain asbestos and matter from mine roads surfaced with Involves the use of asbestos materials. provides the option of using specified asbestos tailings. The Bureau of Mines Comments received on the proposed air-cleaning methods. The existence of has prescribed health and safety regula standard indicated that the requirements particulate asbestos material In a ga3 tions (30 CFR 55.5) for the purpose of for fabricating and manufacturing oper stream vented to the atmosphere can be protecting life, the promotion of health ations were confusing. Much of the con determined by collecting a sample on a and safety, and the prevention of acci fusion was created by the use of terms filter and analyzing it by microscopy dents in open pit metal and nonmetallic such as "any," "continuously." and techniques. The proposed standard stated mines. As related to asbestos mines, these "forced gas streams." The promulgated that the air-cleaning requirement would regulations prohibit persons working in standard is more definitive as to applica not be met if a number of listed faults, a mine from being exposed to asbestos bility of the provisions. The promulgated e.g-, broken bags, leaking gases, thread concentrations which exceed the thresh standard prohibits visible emissions from bare bags, existed and It required that old limit value adopted by the American the nine manufacturing operations collection hoppers on some baghouses be Conference of Governmental Industrial which. In the judgment of the Adminis emptied without generating visible emis Hygienists. The regulations specify that trator, are major sources of asbestos. The sions. Comments received suggested that respirators shall not be used to prevent promulgated standard does not cover this negative approach tended to make persons from being exposed to asbestos fabrication operations. Of all fabrication the quality of air-cleaning operations de where environmental measures are avail operations, only tho6e_operations at new pendent upon the ability of EPA-to an able. For drilling operations, the regula construction sites are considered to be ticipate and to Include In the standard tions require that the holes be collared major sources of asbestos emissions. The all the factors which would constitute and drilled wet. The regulations recom Occupational Safety and Health Admin Improper methods. Since the Intent was, mend that haulage roads, rock transfer istration regulations specify that all and is, to require high quality aix-clean- points, crushers, and other points where hand- or power-operated tools (l.e. saws, lng operations, the promulgated standard dust (asbestos) is produced sufficient to scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills) requires proper installation, use, opera cause a health or safety hazard be wetted which produce asbestos dust be provided tion, and maintenance without precisely down as often as necessary unless the with dust collection systems. In the judg defining the means to be used. dust is controlled adequately by other ment of the Administrator, implementa The proposed standard would have means. In the judgment of the Admin tion of these regulations will prevent prohibited the spraying of any material istrator, implementation of these regu fabrication operations from being a containing asbestos on any portion of lations will prevent asbestos mines from major source which must be covered by a building or structure, prohibited the being a major source which must be cov the standard promulgated herein. spraying of any material containing as ered by the standard promulgated here The proposed standard would have bestos In an area directly open to the in. Furthermore, the public is sufficiently prohibited visible emissions of asbestos atmosphere, and limited emissions from removed from the mine work environ particulate material from the repair or all other spraying of any material con ment that their exposure should be sig demolition of any building or structure taining asbestos to the amount which nificantly less than that of the workers other than a single-family dwelling. would be emitted If specified air-cleaning in the work environment. Accordingly, Comments indicated that the no visible equipment were used. Comments re the promulgated standard does not apply emission requirement would prohibit re ceived pointed out that this standard to drilling operations or roadways at pair or demolition in many situations, would: (1) Prohibit the use of materials mine locations. since It would be Impracticable, if not containing only the trace amounts of For asbestos mills, the proposed stand impossible, to do such work without cre asbestos which occur in numerous nat ard would have applied to ore dumps, ating visible emissions. Accordingly, the ural substances, (2) prohibit the use of open storage areas for asbestos materials, promulgated standard specifies certain materials to which very small quantities tailings dumps, ore dryers, air for proc work practices which must be followed of asbestos are added In order to enhance essing ore, air for exhausting particulate when demolishing certain buildings or their effectiveness, and (3) prohibit the material from work areas, and any mill structures. The standard covers institu use of materials in which the asbestos is ing operation which continuously gen tional, industrial, and commercial build strongly bound and which would not gen erates inplant visible emissions. The ings or structures, including apartment erate particulate asbestos emissions. The promulgated standard prohibits visible emissions from any part of the mill, but it does not apply to dumps of asbestos tailings or open storage of asbestos ores. The Bureau of Mines' regulations pre viously referenced and regulations issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (20 CFR 1910.93a) pro tect workers from the hazards of air con taminants in the work environment. The Ocrun '.it'.-.i! Safety and Health Admin- r: r.'.'.at'.or.s were promulgated cn Jm 10T2. The regulations are in tended to protect the health of employees from a.'bestos exposure by means of en gineering controls (i.e. isolation, enclo sures. and dust collection) rather than by personal protective equipment. It Is the "judgment of the Administrator that houses having more than four dwelling units, which contain friable asbestos ma terial. This coverage is based on the Na tional Academy of Sciences' report (53> which states, "In general, single-family residential structures contain only small amounts of asbestos insulation. Demoli tion of industrial and commercial build ings that have been fireproofed with asbestos-containing materials will prove to lie an emission source In the future, requiring control measures." Apartment houses with four dwelling units or iess are considered to be equivalent to single- family residential structures. The stand ard requires that the Administrator be notified at least 20 days prior to the com mencement of demolition. promulgated standard applies to those uses of spray-on asbestos materials which could generate major emissions of particulate asbestos material. For those spray-on materials used to insulate or fireproof buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits, the standard limits the asbestos content to no more than 1 percent. Ma terials currently used contain from 10to 80-percent asbestos. The intent of the 1-percent iimlt is to ban the u-e of ma terials which contain significant quanti ties of asoestcs, but to allow the use of materials which would: (l * Contain trace amounts of asbestos which occur in numerous natural substances, and (2) Include very small quantities of asbestos (less than 1 percent) added to enhance the material's effectiveness. Although a FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022117 8822 RULE5 AND REGULATIONS standardized reference method has not standard will not require disposal. Where 17. Enterline, F. E., and M. A. Hendrick: been developed to quantitatively deter disposal is required, the Occupational Asbestos-dust Exposures at Various Levels mine the content of asbestos in a ma terial* there are acceptable methods available, based on electron microscopy* which independent laboratories have de veloped. Determining the asbestos con tent of a material with these methods costs approximately $300, and the results Safety and Health Administration regu lations (29 CFR 1910.93a(h)) require that any asbestos waste, consigned for disposal, be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags or other closed, impermeable containers. The contamina tion of ground water supplies with asbes and Mortality. Arch. Envir. Health, 15, 181-- 188. 1967. 18. Gloyne, S. R.: Pneumoconiosis: A His tological Survey of Necropsy Material in 1,205 Cases. Lancet, 1, 816-814, 1951. 19. Isselbacher, N. J., M. Klaus, and H. L. Hardy: Ashestosis and Bronchogenic Carci noma: Report of one autopsled case and re are accurate within plus or minus 50 tos from landfill disposal is not consid view of the available literature. Am. J. Med., percent; these limits on accuracy were ered a potential problem. taken into account in establishing the The substitution of ceramic wool, min 1-percent limitation. eral wool, and fiberglass for asbestos Is The proposed standard would have not now known to be a problem. There prohibited the surfacing of any roadway is no evidence that these materials cause with asbestos tailings. The promulgated health effects in the concentrations found standard applies to all roadways except in occupational or ambient environments. IS, 721-732, 1953. 20. Jacob, S.. and M. Anspach: Pulmonary Neoplasia Among Dresden Asbestos Workers. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 536-548,1965. 21. Klelnfeld, M., J. Messite, and O. Kooyman: Mortality Experience in a Group of As bestos Workers. Arch. Envir. Health, 15, 177180, 1967. those on ore deposits; these roadways are Although the standard was not based 22. Knox, J. P,, R. S. Doll, and I. D. HU1: temporary, and control measures taken to comply with the Bureau of Mines reg ulations prevent them from being ' a major source which must be covered by the standard promulgated herein. At this time, the application of asbestos tailings to public roadways is not widely prac ticed, but because of the close proximity of roads to the public, a ban on using asbestos tailings on roadways is included In the promulgated standard to avoid a future problem and stop the practice where it is followed. The term "surfac ing" is defined to include the deposit of on economic considerations, EPA Is aware of the Impact (55) and considers it to be reasonable. Costs among the various sources covered by the standard are quite variable. Although the standard may ad versely affect some individual plants or companies which are marginal opera tions, it appears that such effects will be minimal and the impact to the asbestos industries as a whole will not be large. References 1. Cooke, W. E.: Fibrosis of the Lungs due to the Inhalation of Asbestos Dust. Brit. Med. J., 2,147,1924. Cohort Analysis of Changes in Incidence of Bronchial Carcinoma In a Textile Asbestos Factory. awtv N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 526-535, 1965. 23. Knox, J. P., S. Holmes, R. Doll, and I. D. Hill: Mortality from Lung Cancer and Other Causes Among Workers in an Asbestos Textile Factory. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 25, 293-303, 1968. 24. Lieben, J.: Malignancies In Asbestos Workers. Arch. Envir. Health* 13, 619-621, 1966. 25. Lynch, K. M., and W. A. Smith: Pul monary Ashestosis, HI, Carcinoma of Lung in Asbestos-silicosis. Am. J. Cancer* 14, 56-64, 1935. 26. Mancuso, T. P., and A. A. El-Attar: asbestos tailings on roadways covered 2. Cooke, W. E.: Pulmonary Ashestosis. Mortality Pattern In a Cohort of Asbestos with snow or ice; therefore, this practice is prohibited. Consideration, was given to including provisions in the standard requiring proper disposal of the asbestos material generated during demolition and col Brit. Med. J., 2,1024-1025,1927. 3. Dreessen, W. C., J. M. Dallavalle, T. X. Edwards, J. W. Miner, and R. R. Sayers: A Study of Asbestos la the Asbestos Textile In dustry Public Health Bull. 241. Washington. US. Government Printing Office, 1938,126 pp. 4. McDonald, S.: History of Pulmonary As- Workers. J. Occup. Med., 9, 147-162, 1967. 27. McDonald. J. C., A. D. McDonald, D. W. Gibbs* J. Slemlatyckl, and C. E. Roeslter: Mortality^ In the Chrysotlle Asbestos Mines and Mllls'of Quebec. Arch. Envir. Health, 22, 677-688. 1971. 28. Merewether, E. R. A.: Ashestosis and lected in control devices used to comply bestosis, Brit. Med. J., 2, 1025-1026, 1927. Carcinoma of the Lung. In: Annual report of with the requirements of this standard* 5. Merewether, B. R. A.: The Occurrence of the chief Inspector of factories for the year It was decided that this was not neces sary because the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations <29 CFR 1910.93a(h)> include house keeping and waste disposal requirements. These regulations require that any as Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Pulmonary 1947. London: M. Y. Stationary Office, 1049, Affections In Asbestos Workers, J. Ind. 79 pp. Hyg., 12. 198-222, and 12, 239-257, 1930. 29. Newhouse, M. X.: A Study of the Mor 6. Mills, R. G.: Pulmonary Ashestosis: Re tality of Workers in an Asbestos Factory. Brit. port of a case. Minn. Med., 13, 495--499, 1930. J. Ind. Med.. 26,294-301; 1969. 7. - Soper, W. B.: Pulmonary Asbehtosls. A JO. Sellkoff, I. J., J. Churg, and E. C. Ham report of a case and a review. Am. Rev. mond: Asbestos Exposure and Neoplasia. bestos waste, consigned for disposal* be Tuberc., 22, 571-584, 1930. JAMA, 128, 22-26.1964. collected and disposed of in sealed im 8. Bonser, G. M., J. S. F&ulds, and hi J. 31. Borow, M.* A. Conston, L. L. Livornese, permeable bags or other closed, imperme able containers. The potential environmental impact of the promulgated standard was evalu ated, and it was concluded that the Stewart: Occupational Cancer of the Urinary Bladder In Dyestuffs Operatives and of the Lung in Asbestos Textile Workers and Ironore Miners. Am. J. Clin. Path., 25, 126-134, 1955. 9. Braun, D. C., and T. D. Truant An and N. Schalet: Mesothelioma and Its Associ ation with Asbestos. JAMA, 201, 587-591, 1967. 32. Elroes, P. C., W. T. B, McCaughey. and O. L. Wade: Diffuse Mesothelioma of the Pleura and Asbestos. Brit. Med. J., I, 350- standard will not cause any adverse ef Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer In As 353. 1965. fects. The potentially adverse environ bestos Miners. Arch. Ind. Health, 17, 634- 33. Elmes, P. C., and O. L. Wade: Relation mental effects of the standard are: (1) The asbestos-materials which will be collected in control devices and gen erated during demolition will have to be disposed of or recycled. (2) Materials, such as mineral wool, ceramic wool* and fiberglass* will be sub stituted for asbestos presently contained in spray-applied fireproofing and insulat ing materials. 653. 1958. 10. Buchanan, W. D.: Ashestosis and Pri mary Intrathoracic Neoplasms. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 507-518,1965. 11. Cordova* J. F., H. Tesluk, and R. P. Knudtson: Ashestosis and Carcinomas of the Lung. Cancer, IS, 1181-1187, 1962. 12. Doll, R.: Mortality from Lung Cancer In Asbestos Workers. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 12,81-86, 1955. 13. Dunn, J. E.t Jr., and J. M. Weir: A ship Between Exposure to Asbestos and Pleural Malignancy In Belfast. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Set-. 132, 549-557, 1905. 34. Enticknap, J. B:, and W. N. Smlther: Peritoneal Tumor in Ashestosis. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 21, 20-31,1964. 35. Fowler, P. B. S., J. C. Sloper, and E. C. Warner*. Exposure to Asbestos and Mesotheli oma of the Pleura. Brit. Med. J., 2, 211-213, 1964. 36. Hammond, E. C. I. J. Sellkoff, and J. In some manufacturing operations, a Prospective Study of Mortality of Several Oc Churg: Neoplasia Among Insulation Workers major portion of the asbestos-material cupational Groups--Special Emphasis on in the United States with Special Reference collected by fabric filters is either re cycled to the process or is marketed for other uses. For example, one asbestos tex tile miii recycles large quantities of longer-fiber asbestos for process use and sells more than 90 percent of the remain ing collected materials to a brake lining manufacturer. Consequently, a signifi Lung Cancer. Arch. Envir. Health, 17, 71-76, 1968. 14. Dunn, J. E.. Jr., and J. M. Weir: Cancer Experience of Several Occupational Groups Followed Prospectively. Am. J. Pub. Health, 55, 1367-1375. 1968. 15. Elwood, P. C., and A. L. Cochrane: A Follow-up Study of Workers from an Asbestos Factory. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 21, 304-307, 1964. to Intraabdominal Neoplasia. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 519-525,1965. 37. Hourihane, D. OT3.: The Pathology of Mesothelioma and an Analysis of Their As sociation with Asbestos Exposure. Thorax, 19* 268-278. 1964.* 33. Lieben, J.. and H. Ptstawka: Mesotheli oma and Asbestos Exposure. Arch. Envir. Health, 14, 559-563, 1967. cant portion of the increased quantities 16. Enterline, P. E.: Mortality Among As 39. Mann, R. H., J. L. Grosh, and W. M. of "waste" asbestos materials which will bestos Product Workers In the United States. O'Donnell: Mesothelioma Associated with result from the implementation of the Aan. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 156-165, 1965. Ashestosis. Cancer, 19, 521-526, 1966. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022118 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8823 40. McCaughey, W. T. E,, O. L. Wade, and of these were most likely due to exposure tions used to make the dispersion es p. C. Elmes: Exposure to Asbestos D'-ist and prior to the institution of controls, proper timates are given In the Background In Disuse Pleural Mesotheliomas. Brit. Med. J, assessment of the period of exposure Is formation Report for Asbestos, Beryl 2, 1397. 1963. 41. McDonald, A. D,, A. Harper, O. A. El- Attar, and J. C. McDonald: Epidemiology of Primary Malignant Mesothellal Tumors In Canada. Cancer, ZB, 914-919, 1970. 42. Newhouse, M. L, and EL Thompson: not always possible (1, 2); It is known, however, that chronic beryllium disease Is associated not only with activities in volving extraction processes, but also that 64 registry cases resulted from exposure lium. and Mercury (APTD-0753), pub lished at the time the standards were proposed. Rocket testing facilities are required to meet the limit of 75 mlcrogram-min- Epidemiology of Mesothellal Tumors In the during machining operations on beryl utes per cubic meter, accumulated dur London Area. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sd., 132, 579-- lium materials (3). There are at least 45 ing any period of 2-consecutive weeks. 588, 1965. cases of nonoccupatlonallyincurred dis The limit for rocket testing facilities is 43. Owen, W. a.: Mesothellal Tumors and Exposure to Asbestos Dust. Ann. N.Y, Acad. Scl., 132, 674-679, 1966. 44. SelikotT, L J, J. Churg, and E. C. Ham mond: Relation Between Exposure to As eases on file with the registry, of which approximately half have been fatal (3), and retrospective studies of the concen trations of beryllium that resulted. in the same as that developed in 1966 by the Committee on Toxicology of the Na tional Academy of Sciences for protec tion of off-site personnel from intermit bestos and Mesothelioma. Hew Eng. J. Med.. some cases of chronic beryllium disease tent exposures to soluble beryllium, com 272, 560-565, 1965. from nonoccupational exposure have pounds arising from the firing of rocket 45. Wright, Q. W.: Asbestos and Health In concluded that the lowest concentration motors (I). 1969. Am. ReY. Resp. Dls, 100, 467-479, 1969. which produced disease was greater than The proposed standard did not Include 46. Sellkoff, L J, K C. Hammond, and J. Churg: Asbestos Exposure, Smoking, and Neoplasia. JAMA. 204, 106-112, 1966. 47. Wagner, J. C, C. A. Sleggs, and P. Marchand: Diffusa Pleural Mesothelioma and 0.01 pg/m' and probably less than 0.10 pg/m* 24). In 1949, when it became apparent that beryllium was a toxic material, the a provision on open burning of berylliumcontaining waste. The promulgated standard includes a ban on open burning of beryllium-containing waste. This Asbestos Exposure In tho North Western Atomic Energy Commission adopted a change was made because information Cape Province. Brit. J. Tnd. MevL, 17, 260-371, limit for beryllium concentrations In received after proposal indicated that 1960. community air (l.e,, 0.01 pg of beryllium such sources can cause ambient concen 42. Champion, P.: Two cases of Malignant Mesothelioma After Exposure to Asbestos. Am. Rev. Resp. Dls.. 103, 821-828, 19TL 49. Sellkoff, L J, and E. C. Hammond: En vironmental Epidemiology. ITT, Community Effects of Nonoccupatlonal Environmental per cubic meter of air averaged over a 30day period) (2). Beryllium refining com panies holding contracts with the AEC to operate AEC-owned refinery facilities and expand their own refinery capacity trations of beryllium in excess of 0.01 pg/m* and because it is not possible to control the emissions from open burning. The promulgated standard does, allow disposal of beryllium-containing waste Asbestos Exposure. Am. J, Pub. Health, 53, to meet AEC's beryllium requirements, in incinerators which are controlled so 1656-1666, 1968. were required to observe the community as not to exceed the 10-gram-per-day 50. Wagner, J.C.: Epidemiology of Diffuse air limit. With the termination of these limit. The disposal of beryllium-contain Mesothellal Tumors: Evidence of an Associa tion from Studies In South Africa and the United Kingdom. Ann. N.Y. Acad. ScL, IJ2, 675-578. 1965. 51. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational Exposures contracts in the 1961-63 period due to a reduction in AEC requirements for beryllium, the refineries were no longer subject to the AEC community air limit. The AEC's health and safety require ing explosive waste Is Included In the standard covering rocket testing. The proposed standard would have covered all machining operations which use alloys containing any amount of be to Asbestos (Criteria for a Recommended ments, however, have continued to apply ryllium. Comments were received which Standard). Washington, UJS. Department of to all AEC-owned facilities, some of claimed that numerous machining opera Health, Education, and Welfare (PHS, HSMHA), 1972 (HSM 72-10267). 52. Sellkoff, I. J, W. J. Nicholson, and A. M. L&nger: Asbestos Air Pollution. Arch. Envlr. Health. 25. 1-13, 1972. 53. National Academy of Sciences: Asbestos (The Need for and Feasibility of Air Pollu which fabricate and assemble beryllium parts. In the period since the Implementation of the AEC guideline, no reported cases of chronic beryllium disease have oc curred as a result of community exposure, tions use alloys containing low concen trations of beryllium and do not exceed the 10-gram-per-day emission limita tion. An investigation of these com ments revealed that alloys which Include beryllium either contain a large amount tion Controls). Washington, National Acad and the Committee on Toxicology of the (greater than 60 percent) or a small emy of Sciences, 1971, 40 pp. National Academy of Sciences concluded amount (less than 5 percent), and that 54. National Inventory of Sources and Emissions--Cadmium, Nickel, and Asbestos. Report by W, E. Davis & Associates under contract to the Department of Health, Edu cation. and Welfare (Contract No. CPA 2369-131). Feb. 1970. 55. Research Triangle Institute: Compre that the AEC guideline limit represents a safe level of exposure (1). Accordingly, the Administrator has de termined that in order to provide an ample margin of safety to protect the public health from beryllium, sources of approximately 8,000 machining operas tions use the low beryllium content al loys. Tests were conducted by the Agency to determine the beryllium emissions from the operations which use the low beryllium content alloys (e.g. stamping, hensive Study of Specified Air Pollution beryllium dust, fume, or mist emissions tube drawing, milling, and sawing). The Sources to Assess the Economic Impact of Air Quality Standards--Asbestos, Beryllium, Mer cury. Report prepared under contract to th* Environmental Protection Agency (Contract No. 63-03,-0088). Aug. 1973. into the atmosphere should be controlled to Insure that ambient concentrations of beryllium do not exceed 0.01 pg/m'-- 30-day average. results Indicated that even If the emis sions were vented to the outside air, which they ordinarily are not, they would be significantly below the 10-gram-per- Beryllium Beryllium la a hazardous air pollutant within the meaning of section 112. The proven effects of airborne beryllium ma The beryllium standard covers extrac tion plants, foundries, ceramic manufac turing plants, machine shops (processing beryllium or beryllium alloys containing day emission limitation. After consider ing these results and the administrative burden if the standard applied to such a large number of sources, the proposed standard was changed to exempt the terials on human health include both in excess of 5 percent beryllium) and machining operations which use alloys acute and chronic lethal Inhalation ef disposal of beryllium-containing wastes. containing less than 5-percent beryllium. fects (2, 2), as well as skin and conjunc tival effects (2). insufficient data are available to incriminate beryllium as a ec-.-cir.ogen (I, 2), but the lack of of any mechanism far the total elimina- Most affected beryllium sources are lim ited to emissions of not more than 10 grams per day. This level was determined through dispersion estimates as the level The proposed standard would have al lowed all sources of beryllium to choose between meeting the 10-gram-per-day emission limit and complying bv of ambient monisoring to insuro loot the :.on o! beryllium body burdens, and the which wouid protect against the occur 0.01 30-day average *s never ex resulting possibly long residence time rence of 30-day average ambient concen ceeded. After reconsidering the proposed may enhance the opportunity for cancer induction. -The Beryllium Registry now contains over 820 proven cases of beryl lium-related disease (3), but since many trations exceeding 0.01 pg/m*. Tho sources covered by the standard are the only known ones that could result in am bient beryllium concentrations in excess standard and the difficulty Inherent in using ambient air quality data, as op posed to emission data, as a regulatory tool, it was decided to limit the use of P.eterencea st end of article. of 0.01 pg/m'. The assumptions and equa ambient data as a means of compliance FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022119 '8824 RULES AND REGULATIONS to those sources which have demon Mercury equations used to make the dispersion strated over a reasonable past period that they can meet and have met the ambient limitation. Therefore, the stand ard being promulgated herein allows the ambient option only to existing sources which have 3 years of current ambient air quality data which demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction that the 0.01 /ig/m1 level can be met in the vicinity of the source. A minimum of 3 years of data was judged to be necessary to dem onstrate that the ambient guideline of 0.01 fig/mJ (30-day average) can be met because of the possibility of monthly, seasonal, and even annual variations In ambient levels caused by variations in meteorology and production. The exist ing sources which could qualify or this option are four beryllium extraction plants and, possibly, a small number of machine shops. These sources were de signed or modified to facilitate compli ance with the 0.01 pg/m ambient limit. The potential environmental impact of this standard was evaluated and it was concluded that the standard will not cause any adverse effects. Beryllium Is a very expensive material, and most gas streams emitting significant quantities of beryllium are controlled with high ef ficiency dry collectors, and the collected material Is recycled or sold back to the primary producers. Wet collectors are rarely used strictly as an air pollution control device, but more often as an ex traction process control device allowing recycle of waste liquids to the process. Absolute filters are often used as final filters and collect small quantities of beryllium from very low concentration gas streams. These filters are usually buried In company owned or segregated dumps or stored In unused mines or buildings. Most of the solid wastes are prepackaged prior to burial to prevent escape of beryllium to the environment. Although the standard Is not based on economic considerations, EPA is aware of the economic Impact (5) of the stand ard. Since most of the sources of beryl lium emissions are already controlled and In compliance with the standard, the economic Impact will be very small. RrrewNcra 1. Committee on Toxicology, National Acad emy of Sciences: Air Quality Criteria for Beryllium and Its Compounds. Report pre pared under contract to the US. Public Health Service (Contract N7onr-291(61)), "Washington, March 1, I960. 2. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational Exposure to BeryUium (Criteria for a Recommended Standard). Washington, UB. Department of Mercury is a hazardous air pollutant within the meaning of section 112. Ex posure to metallic mercury vapors may cause central nervous system Injury, and renal damage (1, 3). Experience with mercury vapor comes almost exclusively from animal experiments and Industrial exposures. Animal (rat) data indicate a risk of accumulation in critical systems upon prolonged exposure, with a poten tial, for example, for selective brain dam age (2, 3). Prolonged exposure to about 100 micrograms mercury per cubic meter of air involves a definite risk of mercury intoxication (3). To determine the ambient air level of mercury that does not Impair health, the airborne burden must be considered to gether with the water- and food-borne burdens. An expert group concluded, based on Its analysis of several episodes of mercury poisoning In Japan, that 4 micrograms of methylmercury per kilo gram of bodywelght per day would result In the intoxication of a sensitive adult; application of a safety factor of 10 yielded an acceptable exposure of about 30 mi crograms per day for a 70-kllogram man, and this level Is also believed to provide satisfactory protection against genetic lesions, and poisoning of the fetus and of children (4). It should be noted that methylmercury Is considered to be by far the most haz ardous mercury compound, particularly via the ingestion of fish in which it has been concentrated through the food chain, (3, 5). The Environmental Protec tion Agency, in view of the present lim ited knowledge as to the effects of In haled mercury in the general population, and In order to best assure the requisite "ample margin of safety to protect the public health," has concluded that it is prudent to consider exposures to methyl mercury (diet) and mercury vapor (air) to be equivalent and additive. It has been estimated that from average diets, over a considerable period, mercury intakes of 10 micrograms per day may be expected (6). so that. In order to restrict total Intake to 30 micrograms per day, the average mercury Intake from air would have to be limited to 20 micrograms per day. Assuming inhalation of 20 cubic meters of air per day, the air could con tain an average daily concentration of no more than 1 microgram of mercury per cubic meter. The standard promulgated herein reg ulates the only two sources, mercury ore processing facilities and mercury cell chlor-alkall plants, which have been estimates are given in the Background Information Report for Asbestos, Beryl lium, and Mercury (APTD-0753), pub lished at the time the standards were proposed. Many mercury cell chlor-alkali plant cell rooms present severe source testing problems due to their design and con struction. Such sources may either recon struct the cell room so that accurate source tests can be made or employ housekeeping and maintenance practices that minimize mercury emissions from the cell room. Source test data and cal culations have Indicated that when such practices are used, 1,300 grams per day Is a reasonable estimate of emissions from the cell room. Therefore, when this option Is chosen, an emission of 1,300 grams per day will be assigned to the cell room. This permits emissions of not more than 1,000 grams per day from the hydro gen and end box ventilation streams com bined. Compliance with the standard will be determined by the EPA reference method or EPA-approved substitute methods. "Where a chlor-alkali plant chooses the housekeeping and maintenance practices option, determination of compliance of the cell room emission will be based on the use of EPA-approved practices. A list of approved practices may be obtained from EPA on request to. regional offices. The only major change in the mercury standard is the introduction of the above option of assigning an emission number to the cell room provided certain house keeping and maintenance requirements, are met. When this option is chosen, test ing is not required for emissions from the cell room. This option Is offered because comments, testimony, and EPA source testing experience indicated that most existing cell rooms cannot be accurately tested for mercury emissions. Accurate emission tests are unduly complicated and costly because of the cell room configuration. Some of the changes suggested in writ ten comments and public hearing testi mony were considered by EPA but not made. The most significant one involved the environmental chemistry of mercury, that is, environmental mercury In the at mosphere Is transformed to mercuric oxide by the action of ultraviolet radia tion, and since mercuric oxide is not as toxic as elemental mercury, the stand ard should be less stringent. This argu ment is based on laboratory experiments under controlled conditions with gener ated radiation. The reaction cited in the Health, Education, and Welfare (PHS, found to emit mercury In a manner that testimony occurs when elemental mer HSMHA), 1972 (HSM 72-10268). could cause the ambient concentration to cury Is Irradiated with ultraviolet light 3. Massachusetts _ General Hospital, US. exceed the Inhalation effects limits of 1 with a wavelength of 2,537 angstrom (A). Beryllium Case Registry, Boston. Mass. microgram per cubic meter. The stand Naturally occurring ozone in the upper 4. Eisenbud, M., R. C. Wants, C. Dustan, ard limits emissions from these facilities atmosphere absorbs light In the ultra Ij. T. Steadman, w. B. Harris, and 3. S. Wolf: to not more than 2,300 grams per day. violet region below 2,000 A; (7) hence the Nonoccupatlonal Berylliosis. J. Ond. Hyg. Toxicol.,*31, 2S2-294, 1949. The emission limit of 2,300 grams per day was derived from dispersion esti wavelength of ultraviolet necessary for the reaction Is absent in the ambient at 5. Research Triangle Institute: Compre hensive Study of Specified Air Pollution Sources to Assess the Economic Impact of Air Quality Standards--Asbestos. Beryllium, Mer cury. Report prepared under contract to the mates as the level which would protect against the violation of an average dally ambient concentration of 1 microgram per cubic meter. The assumptions and mosphere, and the reaction does not pro ceed at as high a rate as implied by the submitted testimony. Field measurements of both mercury vapors and particulate Environmental Protection Agency (Contract mercury In ambient air Indicate that as No. 68-02-0088). August 1972. References at end of article. much as 96 percent of the mercury de FEDERAL REGISTER, VOt. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL l, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022120 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8825 tected was in an elemental vapor form (data collected by ERA at the Federal Building in Moundsville, W. Va.). The Environmental Protection Agency recognizes that mercury and its com pounds constitute a multimedia contapounds constitute a multimedia contam ination problem, i.e.. strong evidence alter its natural distribution in the en vironment; that such uses may cause or hasten additional deposits into water or soil over and above those occurring naturally, thereby building up environ mental concentrations; and the mercury levels accumulate in the biota, with the result that potentially dangerous residue levels are reached in foods consumed by man and animals. Current data on the environmental transport of mercury do not permit a clear assessment of the effect of mercury emissions into the atmosphere on the mercury content in the aquatic and ter restrial environments. Results of ongoing research will determine if there is a need for more comprehensive control of mer cury emissions into the air. The stand ard promulgated herein is intended to protect the public health from the effects of inhaled mercury. The environmental impact of this standard was evaluated and it was con do not cause a waste disposal problem because the sieves can be regenerated in place without retorting and can be reused many times. Although the standard was not based on economic considerations, EPA is aware of the impact (8) and considers it to be reasonable. Because mercury is an international commodity, world prices determine the fortunes of the domestic mercury mining industry. Historically, mercury prices fluctuate greatly in re sponse to small changes in- demand or supply. Domestic mercury mines are con sidered high-cost producers in relation to foreign producers. Because the average price has dropped from $404 per flask in 1969 to approximately $320 currently, the number of domestic mercury mines in operation has dropped sharply from 109 in 1969 to six or seven in March 1973. As long as the price of mercury remains below marginal costs of production (gen erally about $400), the remaining domes tic mines will be ill equipped to absorb any cost increases. The total chlor-alkall industry com prises 68 plants. Approximately 28 are mercury cell plants and account for about 27 percent of the U.S. production, of chlorine and caustic. The future of the chlorine-caustic in dustry appears healthy. Demand for Air Quality Standards--Asbestos. Beryllium, Mercury. Report prepared-under contract to the Environmental Protection Agency (Con tract No. 68-02-0088). August 1972. General Provisions The standards promulgated below are applicable to new, modified, and existing sources. Any new or modified source must comply with the standards upon begin ning operation. Any existing source must comply with the standards within 90 days after promulgation, unless a waiver of compliance is granted. After considering the proposed general provisions and the comments received on them, the Administrator made several changes which are included in the stand ards promulgated below. A new section was added to specifically require new sta tionary sources to notify the Administra tor before beginnning operation. The requirements for source reporting and request for waiver of compliance were combined into one section. The time for submitting the source report was ex tended from 30 to 90 days to provide sources with more time to complete the information required. Appendix A was added to provide sources' a description and format of the information required. The proposed standards required all sources of mercury and beryllium to test cluded that the standard will not cause any adverse effects since the control of mercury emissions to the atmosphere will have only minimal impact on other areas of environmental concern. The simplest control for mercury emissions to the atmosphere is cooling to condense the mercury. This cooling can be indirect or direct. By indirect cooling, the mer chlorine is expected to grow at an annual rate of 6 percent projected from 1971. Demand for caustic soda will grow at least at the same rate as chlorine, and perhaps faster. Prices for chlorine and sodium hydroxide have been rising steadily through the sixties into 1971. Based on these trends, the cost of control to comply with the mercury standard will their emissions within 3 months of the effective date and at least once every 3 months thereafter; a provision was in cluded to allow the Administrator to waive the periodic tests for sources in compliance with a standard. The stand ards promulgated below require the ini tial test within 90 days of the effective date and include a provision to allow the cury condenses and is retained for re cycle or sale. By direct cooling with a water scrubber, the water is usually re be passed forward to the consumer. Use of these two basic commodities is so di verse that any price Increases will be Administrator to waive this requirement if the source is meeting the standard or has requested a waiver of compliance. circulated after using centrifugal or well dispersed through all manufacturing Periodic tests are not required unless gravitational separation to remove the mercury. The water cannot be reused activities. Indefinitely and eventually requires addi References specifically requested by the Administra tor. The Administrator may cancel a waiver of emission tests and may require tional treatment to remove the mercury. In most cases, such treatment facilities are already being utilized to meet water quality standards. 1. Report of an International Committee: Maximum Allowable Concentrations of mer cury Compounds. Arch. Envlr. Health, 19,891905, December 1969. 2. Clarkson. T. W.: The Pharmacology of a test under the authority of section 114 of the Act at any time. Appendix A speci fies the information which a source must provide the Administrator when applying A widely used control device for par Mercury Compounds. Arm. Rev. Pharmacol for a waiver of initial emission testing. ticulate mercury emissions is the mist ogy, 12. 375-406, 1972. The standards promulgated below do eliminator. Residues in these devices are removed by gravity and washing with a recycled liquid. Another control method Is chemical scrubbing. In this system, scrubbing liquids are continuously made 3. Frlberg, L,, and J. Vostal (Eds.): Mer cury In the Environment--A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal. Prepared by the Karolinska Institute Department of En vironmental Hygiene (Stockholm) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Office not require the owner or operator to request a waiver of compliance before a' specific date. However, the owner or op erator should submit the request within 30 days after the effective date of the up while waste materials are usually re of Air Programs). November 1971. regulation to be assured that action will cycled to the process feed solutions. Re 4. Methvlmercury In Fish; a Toxlcologlc- be taken on the waiver application prior cycling of these liquids avoids significant contamination of water with mercury residues. The use of adsorption beds is a highly efficient control method for removing mercury from gas streams. Two primary types are available: (1) Chemically treated activated carbon beds, ar.d (_) n'.v.c'"'.l.`r sieves. Most of the mercury codec;-, d 1/ activated carbon can be re claimed by retorting the carbon but this usually destroys the carbon structure and necessitates disposal. Some small amount of residual mercury will remain with the carbon, but It Is tightly bound and Is not easily transferred into the air Epldemlotoglc Evaluation of Risks. Report from an expert group. Nord, Hyg. Tlsdkr. (Stockholm), Supplement 4, 1971 (English translation). 5. Nelson, N., T. C- Byerly, A. C. Kolbye, Jr, L. T. Kurland, R. E. Shapiro, S. I. Shlbko, W. H. Stickle, J. E. Thompson, L. A. Van Den Berg, and A. v/elssler: Hazards of Mercury (soecial report to the Secretary'3 Pesticide Aa-.'lsory C- :-.uni`te^, neoar*rr.er.t of Health, Education, cud V.'.-lfare, -W-'.-'-nVl-r 157;). Env.r. Res., !, 1-69, 1971. 6. Westoo. G.: Mercury In Foodstuffs--13 There a Great Risk of Poisoning? VAR FODA, 4, 1-6, 1965. 7. Leighton. P. A.: Photochemistry of Air Pollution. Academic Press, 1961. S. Research Triangle Institute: Compre hensive Study of Speclded Air Pollution to the 90th day after the effective date. Continued operation in excess of a stand ard after the 90th day without a waiver is a violation of the act. The Administrator may grant an exist ing source a waiver, permitting a period of up to 2 years for compliance, provided that steos wul be taxor. during iIv.-a.ver pjr-od io assure c-iac the hca!"ii of ;;-rsons v. i:l be protected from imminent cndar.germent and provided that such period is necessary for the installation of controls. To be granted a waiver of com pliance, a source must submit a written request to the Administrator and pro vide certain Information to assist the or water. Regenerative molecular sieves Sources to Assess the Economic Impact of Administrator in marring a judgment. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022121 8826 RULES AND REGULATIONS Within 60 days after receiving a request, ferred methods of sampling and analyz Sec. ' :' . ` the Administrator will notify the owner ing used to determine compliance. The 61.23 Emission standard. - or operator of approval or intention to deny the waiver. Any waiver of com reference methods for beryllium and mercury are included in appendix B to 61.23 Air cleaning. 61.24 Reporting. pliance granted by the Administrator will this part. An equivalent method is any be in writing and specify conditions the method of sampling and analyzing which Subpart C--National Emission Standard for Beryllium source must meet during the waiver period. If the Administrator intends to deny a request, the owner or operator will be given a specified time to provide additional information or arguments prior to final action on the request. Pinal action on a request will be in writing by the Administrator, and if denied, will in clude reasons for denial. has been demonstrated to- the Admin istrator's satisfaction to have a con sistent and quantitatively known rela tionship to the reference method under specified conditions. An alternative method is any method of sampling and analyzing which does not meet all the criteria for equivalency but which can be used in specific cases to determine com 61.30 61.31 61.32 61.33 61.34 Applicability. Definitions. Emission standard. Stack sampling. Air sampling. * Subpart D--National Emission Standard for Beryllium Rocket Motor Firing 61.40 Applicability. 61.41 Definitions. 61.42 Emission standard. The President may exempt any new, pliance. Alternative methods may be ap 61.43 Emission testing--rocket firing Or pro modified, or existing stationary source proved by the Administrator for source pellant disposal. from compliance with the standards for testing; however, in cases where deter 61.44 Stack sampling. a period of up to 2 years, provided the minations of compliance using an alter technology is not available to implement native method are disputed, use of the Subpart E--National Emission Standard forMercury the standards and the operation of such reference method or its equivalent will 61.50 Applicability. source is required for reasons of national be required by the Administrator. An ap 61.51 Definitions. security. Also, the President may grant proved alternative method for beryllium- 61.52 Emission standard. exemptions for additional periods of 2 years or less. The construction of a new source or modification of an existing source cov ered by these standards cannot begin without approval of the Administrator. is included In appendix B hereto. All emission data provided to or ob tained by the Administrator in carrying out these regulations will be available to the public. Records, reports, or informa tion other than trade secrets will be 61.53 Stack sampling. Appendix A--Compliance Status Information. Appendix B--Test Methods. Method 101--Reference method for determi nation of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions from stationary sources (air streams). To obtain approval, the owner or opera tor of such sources must apply in writing to the Administrator. Within 60 days, the Administrator will notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to deny approval. If the Administrator in available to the public. Method 102--Reference method for determi Pursuant to section 112(d)(1) of the- nation of particulate and gaseous mercury act, the Environmental Protection Agency intends to delegate the author emissions from stationary sources (hydro gen streams). Method 103--Beryllium screening method. ity to implement and enforce national . Method 104--Reference method for determi emission standards (except with respect nation- of beryllium emissions from sta tends to deny approval, a specified time to stationary sources owned or operated tionary sources. will be given to provide additional infor by the United States) for hazardous air mation or arguments prior to final action pollutants to any State which submits an on the application. The final action on adequate procedure to the Administrator. Authorrrr: 42 U.S.C. 1857C-7. Subpart A--General Provisions any application will be in writing by the The requisite procedure for requesting 61.01 Applicability. Administrator, and if denied, will In clude the reasons for denial. Although the demolition of buildings or structures containing asbestos ma terial and the spraying of asbestos ma such delegation will be issued in the future by the Environmental Protection Agency. The regulations for the national emis sion standards for asbestos, beryllium, The provisions of this part apply to the owner or operator of any stationary source for which a standard Is prescribed under this part. ' terial will in many cases be modifications and mercury are hereby promulgated ef 61.02 Definitions. of existing stationary sources, the Ad ministrator's approval is not required be fore beginning such operations. Section 112(c) (1) of the act specifies that no person may construct any new source or modify any existing source "* * * unless the Administrator finds that such source if properly operated will not cause emis sions in violation of such standard." The demolition and spraying provisions are expressed in terms of procedures to be followed. Therefore, if the source is prop erly operated, it will be complying with the standard, and there is no need for the Administrator to make a finding with respect to each new source subject to these provisions. Each source covered by these stand ards is required to submit to the Admin istrator within 90 days after promulga fective upon promulgation (April 6, 1973). Dated: March 30, 1973. Robert W. Frt, Acting Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. A new Part 61 Is added'to Chapter 1, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as follows: Sec. Subpart A--General Provisions 61.01 Applicability. 61.02 .Definitions. 61.03 Abbreviations. 61.04 Address. 61.05 Prohibited activities. 61.06 Determination or constructon or modification. 61.07 Application tor approval of construc tion or modification. As used in.this part, all terms not de fined herein shall have the meaning given them In the act: <a> "Act" means the Clean Air Act <42 U.S.C. 1857 etseq.). (b) "Administrator*' means the Ad ministrator of the Environmental Pro tection Agency or his authorized repre sentative. <c) "Alternative- method" means any- method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant which does not meet all of the criteria for equivalency but which has been demonstrated to the Administra tor's satisfaction to, in specific cases, pro duce results adequate for his determina tion of compliance. (d) "Commenced" means that an own er or operator has undertaken a con tinuous program of construction or tion certain information pertaining to its 61.08 Approval by Administrator. modification or that an owner or operator operation. Changes in the information must be submitted within 30 days after the change, except where the change is considered a modification. Then the re quirements for a modified source are applicable. 61.09 61.10 61.11 61.12 61.13 61.14 61.15 Notification of startup. Source reporting and waiver request. Waiver of compliance. Emission tests and monitoring. IVaiver of emission tests. Source test aud analytical methods. Availability of information. has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a rea sonable time, a continuous program of construction or modification. (e) "Compliance schedule" means the date or dates by which a source or cate Three terms are associated with deter 61.16 State authority. gory of sources is required to comply with mining compliance by means of source testing: (1) Reference method, (2) Subpart B--National Emission Standard for Asbestos the standards of this part and with any steps toward such compliance which are equivalent method, and (3) alternative 61.20 Applicability. method. Reference methods are the pre 61.21 Definitions. set forth in a waiver of compliance under I 61.11. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973' CAPCO JEN 0022122 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8827 . (f) "Construction" means fabrication, erection, or Installation of a stationary source. (g) "Effective date" Is the date of promulgation In the Federal Register of an applicable standard or other regu lation under this part. (h) "Equivalent method" means any method of sampling- and analyzing for an air pollutant which has been demon strated to the Administrator's satisfac tion to have a consistent and quantita tively known relationship to the reference method, under specified conditions. (1) "Existing source" means any sta tionary source which is not a new source. (j) "Modification" means any physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, a stationary source which increases the amount of any hazardous air pollutant emitted by such source or which results in the emission of any hazardous air pollutant not previously emitted, except that: (1) Routine maintenance, repair, and replacement shall not be considered physical changes, and (2) The following shall not be con sidered a change in the method of operation: (1) An increase in the production rate, if such increase does not exceed the op erating design capacity of the stationary source: (il) An increase in hours of operation. (k) "New source" means any stationary source, the construction or modification of which is commenced after the publi cation in the Federal Recister of pro posed national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants which will be applicable to such source. (l) "Owner or operator" means any person who owns, leases, operates, con trols, or supervises a stationary source. (ml "Reference method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant, as described in ap pendix B to tills part. (n) "Startup" means the setting In operation of a stationary source for any purpose. (o) "Standard" means a national emission standard for a hazardous air pollutant proposed or promulgated under this part. (p) "Stationary source" means any building, structure, facility, or Installa tion which emits or may emit any air pollutant which has been designated as hazardous by the Administrator. 61.03 Abbreviations. The abbreviations used in this part have the following meanings: "C--Degrees Centigrade, cfm--Cubic feet per minute. ft'--Square feet. ft'--Cubic feet. *F--Degrees Fahrenheit. i l_r i_.- ml --U.l.filter. M--Molar. m'--Cubic meter, nm--1 lanometer. oz--Ounces. v/v--Volume per volume. yd'--Square yards, w.g.--Water gage. inHg--Inches of mercury. InH.O--Inches of water, g--Grams, mg--Milligrams. N--Normal. R--Degree Rar.kine. min--Minute sec--Second, avg.--Average. I.D.--Inside diameter. O.D.--Outside diameter.. pg--Micrograms (lO-*gram). %--Percent. Hg--Mercury. Be--Beryllium. 61.04 AJdresa. All requests, reports, applications, sub mittals, and other communications to the Administrator pursuant to this part shall be submitted In duplicate and ad dressed to the appropriate regional office of the Environmental Protection Agency, to the attention of the Director, Enforce ment Division. The regional offices are as follows: Region I (Connecticut, Maine, Massa chusetts,. New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont), John F. Kennedy Federal Building, Boston, Mass. 02203. Region II (New York. New Jersey. Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), Federal Office Building. 26 Federal Plaza (Foley Square), New York, N.Y.. 10007. Region HI (Delaware, District of Co lumbia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vir ginia, West Virginia), Curtis Building, Sixth and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 19106. Region IV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi. Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee), Suite 300, 1421 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga. 30309. Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Minne sota. Michigan. Ohio. Wisconsin), 1 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, III. 60606. Region VI (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas), 1600 Pater son Street, Dallas, Tex. 75201. Region VII (Iowa, Kansas. Missouri, Nebraska). 1735 Baltimore Street, Kan sas City, Mo. 64108. Region vm (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota. South Dakota, Utah, Wy oming), 916 Lincoln Towers, 1860 Lin coln Street, Denver, Colo. 80203. Region IX (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada. Guam, American Samoa), 100 California Street, San Francisco, Calif. 94111. Region X (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska), 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, Wash. 93101. 61.05 Prohibited activities. (a) After the effective date of any standard prescribed under this part, no owner or operator shall construct or mod ify any :,'ariana:y source subject to such standard without first obtaining written approval of the Administrator in accord ance with this subpart, except under an exemption granted by the President under section 112(c) (2) of the act. Sources, the construction or modification of which commenced after the publica tion date of the standards proposed to be applicable to such source, are subject to this prohibition. (b) After the effective date of any standard prescribed under this part, no owner or operator shall operate any new source in violation of such standard ex cept under an exemption granted by the President under section 112(c) (2) of the act. (c) Ninety days after the effective date of any standard prescribed under this part, no owner or operator shall operate any existing stationary source in viola tion of such standard, except under a waiver granted by the Administrator in accordance with this subpart or under an exemption granted by the President under section 112(c)(2) of the act. (d) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part shall fail to report, revise reports, or report source test results as required under this part. 61.06 Determination of construction or modification. Upon written application by an owner or operator, the Administrator will make, a determination of whether actions taken or intended to be taken by such owner or operator constitute construction or modification or the commencement thereof within the meaning of this part. The Administrator will within 30 days of receipt of sufficient information to evaluate an application, notify the owner or operator of his determination. 61.07 Application foe- approval of construction or modification. (a) Tlie owner or operator of any new source to which a standard prescribed under this part is applicable shall, prior to the date on which construction or modification is planned to commence, or within 30 days after the effective date in the case of a new source that already has commenced construction or modifi cation and has not begun operation, sub mit to the Administrator an application for approval of such construction or modification. A separate application shall be submitted for each stationary source. (b) Each application shall include: (1) The name and address of the ap plicant. (2) The location or proposed location of the source. (3) Technical information describing the proposed nature, size, design, operat ing design capacity, and method of oper ation of the source, including a descrip tion of any equipment to be used for control of emissions. Such technical in formation shall include calculations of emission estimates in sufficient detail to permit assessment of the validity of such calculations. 61.08 Approval by Ailmini.-lrator. (-i) The Administrator v. Ji. ..-i.'.v.n 69 days of receipt of sufficient mformatwa to evaluate an application under j 51.07, notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to deny approval of con struction or modification. (b) If the Administrator determines that a stationary source for which an No. 66--Pt. rn---- 2 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOt. 38, NO. 65--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022123 8828 RULES AND'REGULATIONS- application pursuant to 5 61.07 was sub (5) ' The average weight per month of specified under paragraph (b) (3) of this mitted will, if properly operated, not the hazardous materials being processed section are not met. cause emissions in violation of a stand by the source, over the last 12 months (3) Specify dates by which steps to ard, he will approve the construction or preceding the date of the report. ward compliance are to be taken; and modification of such source. (6) A description of the existing con impose such additional conditions as the (c> Prior to denying: any application trol equipment for each emission point. Administrator determines to be neces for approval of construction or modifica (i) Primary control device (s) for each sary to assure installation of the neces tion pursuant to this section, the Admin hazardous pollutant. sary controls within the waiver period, istrator will notify the owner or operator (ii) Secondary control device(s) for and to assure protection of the health making such application of the Admin each hazardous pollutant. of persons during the waiver period. istrator's intention to issue such denial, (iii) Estimated control efficiency (per (c) Prior to denying any request for together with: cent) for each control device. a waiver pursuant to this section, the (1) Notice of the information and (7) A statement by the owner or oper Administrator will notify the owner or findings on which such Intended denial, ator of the source as to whether he can operator making such request of the Ad is based, and comply with the standards prescribed in ministrator's intention to issue such (2) Notice of opportunity for such this part within 90 days of the effective denial, together with: owner or operator to present, within such date. (1) Notice of the information and time limit as the Administrator shall (b) The owner or operator of an exist findings on which such intended denial specify, additional information or argu ing source unable to operate in compli is based, and ments to the Administrator prior to final ance with any standard prescribed under (2) Notice of opportunity for such action on such application. this part may request a waiver of com owner or operator to present, within (d> A final determination to deny any pliance with such standard for a period such time limit as the Administrator application for approval will be in writ not exceeding 2 years from the effective specifies, additional information or argu ing and will set forth the specific grounds on which such denial is based. Such final date. Any request shall be in writing and shall include the following information: ments to the Administrator prior to final action on such request. determination will be made within 60 days of presentation of additional infor mation or arguments, or 60 days after the final date specified for presentation, if no presentation is made. (e) Neither the submission of an ap plication for approval nor the Admin istrator's granting of approval to con struct or modify shall: (1) Relieve an owner or operator of legal responsibility for compliance with any applicable provision of this part or of any other applicable Federal. State, or local requirement, or . (2) Prevent the Administrator from implementing or enforcing this part or taking any other action under the act. (1) A description of the controls to be installed to comply with the standard. (2) A compliance schedule, including the date each step toward compliance will be reached. Such list shall Include as a minimum the following dates: (i) Date by which contracts for emis sion control systems or process modifica tions will be awarded, or date by which orders will be issued for the purchase of component parts to accomplish emis sion control or process modification: <ii) Date of initiation of onsite con struction or installation of emission con trol equipment or process change; (iii) Date by which onsite construc tion or installation of emission control (d) A final determination to deny any request for a waiver will be in writing and will set forth the specific grounds on which such denial is based. Such final determination will be made within 60 days after presentation of additional in formation or arguments, or 60 days after the final date specified for such presen tation, if no presentation is made. (e) The granting of a waiver under this section, shall.not abrogate the Ad ministrator's authority under section 114 of the act. 61.12 Emission tests and monitoring. (a) Emission tests and monitoring shall be conducted and reported as set forth in this part and appendix B to this 61.09 Notification of startup. equipment or process modification is to part. (a) Any owner or operator of a source be completed; and (b) The owner or operator of a new which has an initial startup after the . (iv) Date by which final compliance Is source subject to this part, and at the effective date of a standard prescribed under this part shall furnish the Admin istrator written notification as follows: (1) A notification of the anticipated date of initial startup of the source not more than 60 days nor less than 30 days prior to such date. (2) A notification of the actual date of Initial startup of the source within 15 days after such date. 61.10 Source reporting and waiver re quest. to be achieved. (3) A description of interim emission control steps which will be taken during the waiver period. (c) Changes in the information pro vided under paragraph (a) of this section shall be provided to the Administrator within 30 days after such change, except that if changes will result from modifica tion of the source, as defined in 5 61.02 (]), the provisions of 5 61.07 and 61.08 are applicable. request of the Administrator, the owner or operator of an existing source sub ject to this part, shall provide or cause to be provided, emission testing facili ties as follows: (1) Sampling ports adequate for test methods applicable to such source. (2) Safe sampling platform(s). (3) Safe access to sampling platform(s). (4) Utilities for sampling and testing equipment. (a) The owner or operator of any existing source, or any new source to which a standard prescribed under this part is applicable which had an initial startup which preceded the effective date (d) The format for reporting under this section is included as appendix A of this part.' Advice on reporting the status of compliance may be obtained from the Administrator. 61.13 Waiver of emission tesls. (a) Emission- tests may be waived upon written application to the Admin istrator if, in his judgment, the source is meeting the standard, or if the source of a standard prescribed under this part shall, within 90 days after the effective date, provide the following information in writing to the Administrator: (1) Name and address of the owner or operator. (2> T'.'.e location of the source. <C> j"'.e f-pe of hazardous poiiutants omitted by the stationary source. (4) A brief description of the nature, size, design, and method of operation of 61.11 Waiver of compliance. (a) Based on the information provided in any request under 61.10, or other in formation, the Administrator may grant a waiver of compliance with a standard for a period not exceeding 2 years from the effective date of such standard. Co) Such waiver will be in writing and will: (1) Identify the stationary source is operating under a waiver of compliance or has requested a waiver of compliance. (b) If application for waiver of the emission test is made, such application shall accompany the information re quired by 5 61.10. The appropriate form is contained in appendix A to this part. (c> Approval of any waiver granted pursuant to this section shall not abro gate the Administrator's authority under the act or in any way prohibit the Ad the stationary source including the op covered. ministrator from later canceling such erating design capacity of such source. (2) Specify the termination date of waiver. Such cancellation will be made Identify each point of emission for each the waiver. The waiver may be termi only after notice is given to the owner hazardous pollutant. nated at an earlier date If the conditions or operator of the source. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAP CO JEN 0022124 RULES AND REGULATIONS S829 61.14 Source test and analytical meth ods. (a) Methods 101, 102, and 104 in ap Subpart B--National Emission Standard for Asbestos 61.20 Applicability. installation, or portion thereof which contains any boiler, pipe, or load-sup porting structural member that is insu lated or fireproofed with friable asbestos pendix B to this part shall be used Ior The provisions of this subpart are ap material shall comply with the require all source tests required under this part, plicable to those sources specified in ments set forth in this paragraph. unless an equivalent method or an al 61.22. (1) Notice of intention to demolish ternative method has been approved by the Administrator. (b) Method 103 in appendix B to this part is hereby approved by the Admin istrator as an alternative method for sources subject to 61.32(a) and 61.42 <b). (c) The Administrator may, after no tice to the owner or operator, withdraw approval of an alternative method granted under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section. Where the test results using an alternative method do not adequately indicate whether a source is in compli ance with a standard, the Administrator may require the use of the reference method or its equivalent. 61.15 Availability of information. (a) Emission data provided to, or oth erwise obtained by, the Administrator in accordance with the provisions of this part shall be available to the public. (b) Any records, reports, or informa 61.21 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: (a) "Asbestos" means actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite. (b) "Asbestos material" means as bestos or any material containing as bestos. (c) "Particulate asbestos material" means finely divided particles of asbestos material. (cl) "Asbestos tailings" means any solid waste product of asbestos mining or milling operations which contains as bestos. (e) "Outside air" means the air out side buildings and structures. (f) "Visible emissions" means any emissions which are visually detectable without the aid of instruments and which contain particulate asbestos material. shall be provided to the Administrator at least 20 days prior to commencement of such demolition or anytime prior to commencement of demolition subject to paragraph (d) (4) of this section. Such notice shall include the following information: (1) Name of owner or operator. (ii) Address of owner or operator. (ill) Description of the building, struc ture, facility, or installation to be de molished. (iv) Address or location of the build ing, structure, facility or installation. (v) Scheduled starting and completion dates of demolition. (vi) Method of demolition to be em ployed. (vii) Procedures to be employed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (2) The following procedures shall be used to prevent emissions of particulate asbestos material to outside air: (i) Friable asbestos materials, used to tion, other than emission data, provided 61.22 Emission standard. insulate or fireproof any boiler, pipe, or to, or otherwise obtained by, the Admin istrator in accordance with the provisions of this part shall be available to the pub lic, except that upon a showing satisfac tory to the Administrator by any person that such records, reports, or informa tion, or particular part thereof (other than emission data), if made public, would divulge methods or processes en titled to protection as trade secrets of such person, the Administrator will con sider such records, reports, or informa tion, or particular part thereof, confi dential in accordance with the purposes of section 1905 of title 18 of the United States Code, except that such records, re ports, or information, or particular part thereof, may be disclosed to other officers, employees, or authorized representatives of the United States concerned with car rying out the provisions of the act or when relevant in any proceeding under the act. 61.16 Stale authority. (a) The provisions of this part shall not be construed in any manner to pre clude any State or political subdivision thereof from: (1) Adopting and enforcing any emis sion limiting regulation applicable to a () Asbestos mills: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from any asbestos mill except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. Outside storage of asbestos materials Is not con sidered a part of an asbestos mill. <b) Roadways: The surfacing of road ways with asbestos tailings is prohibited, except for temporary roadways on an area of asbestos ore deposits. The deposi tion of asbestos tailings on roadways cov ered with snow or ice is considered "sur facing." (c) Manufacturing: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air, ex cept .as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, from any building or struc ture in which the following operations are conducted or directly from any of the following operations if they are con ducted outside of buildings or structures. (1) The manufacture of cloth, cord, wicks, tubing, tape, twine, rope, thread, yarn, roving, lap, or other textile ma terials. <2) The manufacture of cement prod ucts. (3) The manufacture of fireproofing and insulating materials. <4) The manufacture of friction products. (5) The manufacture of paper, mill load-supporting structural member, shall be wetted and removed from any build ing, structure, facility, or installation subject to this paragraph before wreck ing of load-supporting structural mem bers is commenced. The friable asbestos debris shall be wetted adequately to in sure that such debris remains wet during all stages of demolition and related han dling operations. (ii) No pipe or load-supporting struc tural member that is covered, with fri able asbestos insulating or fireproofing material shall be dropped or thrown to the ground from any building, structure, facility, or installation subject to this paragraph, but shall be carefully low ered or taken to ground level. (iiil No friable asbestos debris shall be dropped or thrown to the ground from any budding, structure, facility, or in stallation subject to this paragraph or from any floor to any floor below. For buildings, structures, facilities, or in stallations, 50 feet or greater in height, friable asbestos debris shall be trans ported to the ground via dust-tight chutes or containers. (3) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of 53 61.05(a), 61.07, and 61.09. <4> Any owner or operator of a demoli stationary source, provided that such board. and felt. tion operation who intends to demolish a emission limiting regulation is not less () The manufacture of floor tile. building, structure, facility, or installa stringent than the standards prescribed (7) The manufacture of paints, coat tion to which the provisions of this para under this part. (2) Requiring the owner or operator of a sta.icnary source, other than a sta ings, caulks, adhesives, sealants. (8) The manufacture of plastics and rubber materials. 19) The manufacture of chlorine. graph would be applicable but which has been declared by proper State or local authority to be structurally unsound and which is in danzer of imminent col: >p-.e tion:'rv :ource owned or operated by the 'd> Demolition: Any owner or opera oxe.r.pc from ihe requirements of t.::s United States, to obtain permits, licenses, tor of a demolition operation who intends paragraon other than the reporting re or approvals prior to initiating construc tion, modification, or operation of such source. to demolish any institutional, commer cial, or industrial building (including apartment buildings having more than four dwelling units), structure, facility. quirements specified by paragraph ui) (1) of this section and the wetting of friable asbestos debris as specified by paragraph <d)(3)(i) of this section. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66-----FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022125 8830 RULES AND REGULATIONS i (e) Spraying: There shall be no visible only for so long as it takes to shut down (h) "Incinerator" means any furnace emissions to the' outside air from the the operation generating the particulate used in the process of burning waste for spray-on application of materials con asbestos material. the primary purpose of reducing the taining more than 1 percent asbestos, on a dry weight basis, used to insulate or fireproof equipment and machinery, ex cept as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. Spray-on materials used to insu late or fireproof buildings, structures, 61.24 Reporting. volume of the waste by removing com bustible matter. The owner or operator of any existing - (i) "Propellant" means a fuel and oxi source to which this subpart is applicable dizer physically or chemically combined shall, within 90 days after the effective which undergoes combustion to provide date, provide the following information rocket propulsion. pipes, and conduits shall contain less than 1 percent asbestos on a dry weight basis. (1) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of to the administrator: (a) A description of the emission con trol equipment used for each process; (b) If a fabric filter device is used to control- emissions, the pressure drop (j) "Beryllium alloy" means any metal to which beryllium has been added in order to increase its beryllium content and which contains more than 0.1 per cent beryllium by weight. 61.05(a), 61.07, and 61.09. across the fabric filter in inches water (k) "Propellant plant" means any (2) Any owner "or operator who intends gage. facility engaged in the mixing, casting, to spray asbestos materials to insulate or fireproof buildings, structures, pipes, con duits, equipment, and machinery shall report such intention to the administra (1) If the fabric filter device utilizes a woven fabric, the airflow'permeability in ft7min/ft3; and. if the fabric is syn thetic, indicate whether the fill yarn is or machining of propellant. ` 61.32 Emission standard. (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from tor at least 20 days prior to the com spun or not spun. stationary sources subject to the provi mencement of the spraying operation. (2) If the fabric filter device utilizes sions of this subpart shall not exceed 10 Such report shall include the following a felted fabric, the density in oz/yd3, the grams of beryllium over a 24-hour period, information: (i) Name of owner or operator. minimum thickness in inches, and the except as provided in paragraph (b) of airflow permeability in ft3/min/ft3. this section. (ii> Address of owner or operator. (iii) Location of spraying operation. (iv) Procedures to be followed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (f) Rather than meet the no-visibleemission requirements of paragraphs (a), (c), and (e) of this section, an owner or (c) Such information shall accompany the information required by 61.10. The appropriate form is contained in appen dix A to this part. Subpart C--National Emission Standard for Beryllium 61.30 Applicability. (b) Rather than meet the require ment of paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may request ap proval from the Administrator to meet an ambient concentration limit on beryl lium in the wicinity of the. stationarysource of 0.01 pg/m3, averaged over a 30-day period. operator may elect to use the methods specified by 61.23 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before such emissions escape to, or are The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to the following stationary sources: (a) Extraction plans, ceramic plants, (l) Approval of such requests may be granted by the Administrator provided that: . (i) At least 3 years of data Is avail vented to, the outside air. foundries, incinerators, and propellant able which in the judgment of the Ad 61.23 Air-cleaning. If air-cleaning is elected, as permit ted by C1.22ri), the requirements of this section must be met. (a) Fabric ' filter collection devices must be used, except as noted in para graphs (b) and (c> of this section. Such devices must be operated at a pressure plants which process beryllium ore, beryl lium, beryllium oxide, beryllium alloys, or beryllium-containing waste. (b) Machine shops which process beryllium, beryllium oxides, or any alloy when such alloy contains more than. 5 percent beryllium by weight. 61.31 Definitions. ministrator demonstrates that the fu ture ambient concentrations of beryllium in the vicinity of the stationary source will not exceed 0.01 /ig/nr, averaged over a 30-day period. Such 3-year period shall be the 3 years ending 30 days before the effective date of this standard. (ill The owner or operator requests such approval in writing within 30 days drop of no more than 4 inches water gage, Terms used in this subpart are de after the effective date of this standard. as measured across the filter fabric. The fined in the act, in subpart A of this (iii) The owner or operator submits a airflow permeability, as determined by part, or in this section as follows: report to the Administrator within 45 ASTM method D737-69, must not exceed (a) "Beryllium" means the element days after the effective date of this 30 ftymin/ft5 for woven fabrics or 35 beryllium. Where weights or concentra standard which report includes the fol ft'/min/ft" for felted fabrics, except that tions are specified, such weights or con lowing Information: 40 ft7min/ft' for woven and 45 ft3/ centrations apply to beryllium only, (a) Description of sampling method min/ft3 for felted fabrics is allowed for excluding the weight or concentration of including the method and frequency of filtering air from asbestos ore dryers. any associated elements. calibration. Each square yard of felted fabric must weigh at least 14 ounces and be at least one-sixteenth inch thick throughout. Synthetic fabrics must not contain fill yam other than that which is spun. (b) If the use of fabric filters creates a fire or explosion hazard, the adminis trator may authorize the use of wet col lectors designed to operate with a unit .(b) "Extraction plant" means a fa cility chemically processing beryllium ore to beryllium metal, alloy, or oxide, or performing any of the intermediate steps in these processes. (c) . "Beryllium ore" means any natu rally occurring material mined or gathered for its beryllium content. (d) "Machine shop" means a facility (b) Method of sample analysis. (c> Averaging technique for determin ing 30-day average concentrations. (d) Number, identity, and location (address, coordinates, or distance and heading from plant) of sampling sites. (e) Ground elevations and height above ground of sampling inlets. contacting energy of at least 40 inches performing cutting, grinding, turning, (/) Plant and sampling area plots water gage pressure. honing, milling, deburring. lapping, showing emission points and sampling (c> The administrator may authorize he u*e of filtering equipment other than ihnl i:;.%.'.T.;r-d in paragraphs 'a> and (b> o: :-.:s vtion if the owner or operator electrochemical machining, etching, or other similar operations. <e> "Ceramic plant" means a manu facturing piai'.t producing ceramic items. sites. Topographic features significantly affecting dispersion including -plant building heights and locations shall be included. demr-r.-trales to the satisfaction of the if) "Foundry" means a facility en (g) Information necessary for esti administrator that the filtering of par- gaged in the melting or casting of mating dispersion including stack height, t:;uiate asbestos material is equivalent beryllium metal or alloy. inside diameter, exit gas temperature, to that of the described equipment. (g) "Beryllium-containing waste" exit velocity or flow rate, and beryllium id> All air-cleaning equipment au means material contaminated with concentration. thorized by this section must be properly beryllium and/or beryllium compounds (h) A description of data and proce installed, used, operated, and maintained. used or generated during any process or dures (methods or models) used to de Bypass devices may be used only during operation performed by a source subject sign the air sampling network (i.e., num upset or emergency conditions and then to this subpart. ber and location of sampling sites). FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 33. NO. 66--FRiDAV, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022126 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8831 (i) Air sampling data indicating beryl in accordance with a plan approved by before the close of the next business day lium concentrations in the vicinity of the the Administrator. Such sites shall be following determination of such results. stationary :-ource for the 3-year period located in such a manner as is calculated (c) Records of air sampling test results specified m paragraph (b)(1) of this to detect maximum concentrations of and other data needed to determine in section. This data shall be presented beryllium in the ambient air. tegrated intermittent concentrations chronologically and include the beryl (b) All monitoring sites shall be op shall be retained at the source and made lium concentration and location of each erated continuously except for a reason available, for inspection by the Admin individual sample taken by the network able time allowance for instrument main istrator. for a minimum of 2 years. and the corresponding 30-day average tenance and calibration, for changing (d) The Administrator shall be noti beryllium concentrations. filters, or for replacemet of equipment fied at least 30 days prior to an air sam (2i Within 60 days after receiving needing major repair. pling test, so that he may at his option such report, the Administrator will notify (c) Filters shall be analyzed and con observe the test. the owner or operator in writing whether approval is granted or denied. Prior to centrations calculated within 30 days after filters are collected. Records of 61.44 Slack sampling. denying approval to comply with the pro concentrations at all sampling sites and fa) Sources subject to 61.42(b) shaH visions of paragraph (b) of this section, other data needed to determine such con be continuously sampled, during release the Administrator will, consult with centrations shall be retained at the source of combustion products from the tank, in representatives of the stationary source and made available, for inspection by the such a manner that compliance with the for which the demonstration report was Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. standards can be determined. The pro submitted. <d) Concentrations measured at all visions of 61.14 shaH apply. (c) The burning of beryllium and/or sampling sites shall be reported to the (b) All samples shall be analyzed, and beryllium-containing waste, except pro Administrator every 30 days by a regis beryllium emissions shall be determined pellants, is prohibited except in incinera tered letter. within 30 days after samples are taken tors, emissions from which must comply (e) The Administrator may at any time and before any subsequent rocket motor with the standard. require changes in, or expansion of, the firing or propellant disposal at the given 61.33 -Stack sampling. (a) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained under 5 61.13, each owner or operator required to comply with 5 61.32(a) shall test emissions from his source, (1) Within 90 days of the effective date in the case of an existing source or a new source which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the ef fective date. (b) Tlie Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test so that he may at his option observe the test. (c) Samples shall be taken over such a sampling network. Subpart D--National Emission Standard for Beryllium Rocket Motor Firing 61.40 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to rocket motor test sites. 61.41 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Act. in Subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows; (a) "Rocket motor test site" means any building, structure, facility, or installa tion where the static test firing of a beryllium rocket motor and/or the dis posal of beryllium propellant is conducted. (b) "Beryllium propellant" means any site. All determinations shall be reported to the Administrator by a registered let ter dispatched before the close of the next business day foUowing such deter minations. (c) Records of emission test results and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. (d) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. Subpart E--National Emission Standard for Mercury 61.50 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap period or periods as are necessary to ac curately determine the maximum emis sions which will occur in any 24-hour period. Where emissions depend upon the relative frequency of operation of differ ent types of processes, operating hours, operating capacities, or other factors, the calculation of maximum 24-hourperiod emissions will be based on that combination of factors which is likely to occur during the subject period and which result in the maximum emissions. No changes in the operation shall be made, which would potentially increase emissions above that determined by the most recent source test, until a new emis sion level has been estimated by calcula tion and the results reported to the Ad ministrator. (d) All samples shall be analyzed and beryllium emissions shall be determined within 30 days after the source test. All determinations shall be reported to the Administrator by a registered letter dis pute'.'. .<1: i fore ilie close of the next busi- ;:. v ..jffovwng such determination, propellant incorporating beryllium. 61.42 Emission standard.- (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from rocket-motor test sites shall not cause time-weighted atmospheric concentra tions of beryllium to exceed 75 micro gram minutes per cubic meter of air within the limits of 10 to 60 minutes, accumulated during any 2 consecutive weeks, in any area in which an effect adverse to public health could occur. <b) If combustion products from the firing of beryllium propellant are col lected in a closed tank, emissions from 6uch tank shall not exceed 2 grams per hour and a maximum of 10 grams per day. 61.43 Emission testing--rocket firing or propellant disposal. fa) Ambient air concentrations shall be measured during and after firing of a rocket motor or propellant disposal and in such a manner that the etTcct of these emissions on be rompared with the plicable to those stationary sources which process mercury ore to recover mercury, and to those which use mercury chloralkali cells to produce chlorine gas and alkali metal hydroxide. 61.51 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are defined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: (a) "Mercury" means the element mer cury, excluding any associated elements, and includes mercury in particulates, va pors, aerosols, and compounds. (b) "Mercury ore" means a mineral mined specifically for its mercury con tent. (c) "Mercury ore processing facility" means a facility processing mercury ore to obtain mercury. (d) "Condenser stack gases" mean the gaseous effluent evolved from the stack of processes utilizing heat to extract mer cury metal from mercury ore. (e) "Mercury chlor-alkali cell" means a device which is basically of ."..orris of emission test results standard. Such sampling techniques shall an electrolyzer section ai.u dimmer and olhw data needed to determine total be approved by the Administrator. decoir.poser) seciiou and uLm/cs mer emissions shall be retained at the source (b) A11 samples shall be analyzed and cury to produce c'nlorine gas. hydrogen and mr.de available, for inspection by the results shall be calculated within 30 days gas, and alkali metal hydroxide. Administrator, for a minimum of 2 years. after samples are taken and before any (f) "Mercury chlor-alkali electrolyzer" 61.31 Air snmpling. subsequent rocket motor firing or pro means an electrolytic device which is part pellant disposal at the given site. All re of a mercury chlor-alkali cell and utilizes (a) Stationary sources subject to sults shall be reported to the Adminis a flowing mercury cathode to produce 61 32'b shall locate air sampling sites trator by a registered letter dispatched chlorine gas and alkali metal amalgam. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022127 8832 RULES AND REGULATIONS (g) "Denuder" means a horizontal or date in the case of an existing source or the Administrator, for a minimum of vertical container which is part of a mer a new source which has an initial startup 2 years. cury chlor-alkali cell and In which water date preceding the effective date; or (c) Mercury chlor-alkali plants__ and alkali metal amalgam are converted (ii) Within 90 days of startup in the cell room ventilation system. to alkali metal hydroxide, mercury, and case of a new source which did not have (1) Stationary sources using mercury hydrogen gas in a short-circuited, elec an initial startup date preceding the ef chlor-alkali cells may test cell room trolytic reaction. fective date. emissions iri accordance with paragraph (h) "Hydrogen gas stream" means a ' (2) The Administrator shall be noti (c) (2> of this section or demonstrate hydrogen stream formed in the chlor- fied at least 30 days jprlor to an emission, compliance with paragraph <c> (4) of this aikali cell denuder. - test, so that he may at his option observe- section and assume ventilation emissions U) "End box" means a container(s) the test. of 1,300 gms/day of mercury. located on one or both ends of a mercury (3) Samples shall be taken over such (2) Unless a waiver of emission test chlor-alkali electrolyzer which serves a period or periods as are necessary to ing is obtained under 61.13, each owner as a connection between the electrolyzer accurately determine the maximum emis or operator shall pass all cell room air and denuder for rich and stripped sions which, will occur in a 24-hour in forced gas streams through stacks amalgam. period. No changes in the operation shall suitable for testing, (j> "End box ventilation system" be made, which would potentially in (i) Within 90 days of the effective date means a ventilation system which col crease emissions above that determined in the case of an existing source or a new lects mercury emissions from the end- by the most recent source test, until the source which has an initial startup date boxes, the mercury pump sumps, and new emission has been estimated by cal preceding the effective date; or their water colection systems. culation and the results reported to the (ii) Within 90 days of startup in the (k) "Cell room" means a structure(s) Administrator. case of a new source which did not have, housing one or more mercury electro (4) All samples shall be analyzed and an initial startup date preceding the lytic chlor-alkali cells. mercury emisions shall be determined effective date. 61.52 Emission standard. Emissions to the atmosphere from sta tionary sources subject to the provisions within 30 days after the source test. All the determinations will be reported to the Administrator by a -registered letter dispatched before the close of the next (3) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. of this subpart shall not' exceed -2,300 business day following such determina (4) An owner or operator may carry grams of mercury per 24-hour period. tion. . out approved design, maintenance, and 61.53 Stack sampling. (5) Records of emission test results housekeeping practices. A list of ap (a) Mercury ore processing facility. (l) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained under } 61.13, each owner and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by proved design, maintenance, and house keeping practices may be obtained from the Administrator. or operator processing mercury ore shall test emissions from his source, APPENDIX A (i) Within 90 days of the effective date in the case of an existing source or National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants a new source which has an initial start up date preceding the effective date; or Compliance Status Information (ii) Within 90 days of startup in the I. SOURCE REPORT case of a new source which did not have an initial startup date preceding the ef fective date. (2) The Administrator shall be noti fied at least 30 days prior to an emission test, so that he may at his option observe the test. Instructions: Owners or operators of sources of hazardous pollutants subject to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants are required to submit the information contained in' Section I to the appropriate EPA USE ONLY 1 13 1,1, I , , I ,,, ,1 RS t SC 19 t , , I. Aqift ftp " 28 80 , I NDC I 1 T1f (3) ^Samples shall be taken over such Environmental Protection Agency a period or periods as are necessary to Regional Office before (date which accurately determine the maximum emissions which will occur in a 24-hour is 90 days after the standards are promulgated). A listing of regional Offices is provided in S 61.04. period. No changes in the operation shall be made, which would potentially in A. SOURCE INFORMATION. crease emissions above that determined by the most recent source test, until the 1. Identification/Location - Indicate the name and address of each source. new emission level has been estimated by calculation and the results reported to the Administrator. (4) All samples shall be analyzed, and A29 LI- -1__I__I__ !__l COMPANY NAME A48 mercury emissions shall be determined within 30 days after the source test. Each W A68. determination will be reported to the Ad ministrator by a registered letter dis nuHber patched before the close of the next busi B19 B33 ,B34 B38 ness day following such determination. <5> Records of emission test results 1_i__i__I__ i__i__i_ J__:_I__ i__i__L. CITY 'zR-'xobr1' and other data needed to determine total emissions shall be retained at the source and made available, for inspection by the L -j___ i___,i i____ < t. f county Administrator, for a minimum cf 2 years. '!;! Mercury chlor-alkali plant--hy Contact - Indicate the name and telephone number of the owner or operator or other responsible official whom EPA ray contact con drogen and end-box ventilation gas cerning this report. streams. <1> Unless a waiver of emission test B39 B53. ing is obtained under 61.13, each owner or operator employing mercury chlor- _i__:__i_i__ i__l. NAME alkali celhs) shall test emissions from liis source, (i) Within 90 days of the effective B54 TELEPHONE E63 -j__1 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 33, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022128 FEDERAL REGISTER, V O L . 3 , N O . 4 4 -- FR ID A Y , APRIL 4 , 1 9 7 3 ( ( * RULES AND REGULATIONS X U13 OCT) At T tO at -- *J ic a cx t o 7 I.J5 i- o vt u -- nx u ouc 4a-t 9bu T S> E a9 0 C r-- >1 > (U OS V. X a. o 3 *o- ai:at jr_a *J C C IA O 01 t- v - C71J9 at L. O U U o s- nj at vj-o H c O .C 04. VS>I *Tct 41/01 oo ojtu~ aatt L. 0) OJS A'-'S Vt .T? u La.t a o. o-a*s->t oa=.<--co 4t W V X Irt Q. o at o at in CL nt r>. otOOaSt j4z0 J- *0 C at 4a->t a>t J-fC-> catt--at >- 2r wat >7y o:] +> o o# r isA =5 *.2 --C CO a>t I Eat cul. 40 40 t- at <ctfC+j>C P euEt aut uat .. owe Ec ae oe at at o KJ LLO wat Oi.-sr- eo U a>t Ww> sLa vt ai at tA > hoL ouOwTMoeI *ct ta. Co L o a> u at^--. cj C j4s0 act > O _ O 41 s-- "O 40 O U SL^at .-4- U JS ---- 4* aO c<A -uL> r 030 4>c->x vSat Joa0Z14c*fd>0 ,, o J4vSJ e4a0tn33*art----o tEo4 ai u L aa 40 3 at u "u> ~ao ijws art 4v0i * L 3 CX 4- r-- 03 4- aeJt xLt*. 0140 fd * X *H--o- *Oot JS 9O' t- ** c VI XT id C Eat-42-t 40 o t<--e oo *s oo on 4J aT nCJ LL VaI i~ o _ at u 40 _ at 40 Ut u aw V2IHs <e oiajast (tt 40 > C*S _ *a cri c tt e O *ro ux MA WC1 V Xat-4c0 ^6 LO -- <Z "O e ox at at ; CJ Cl 1V3* 4W0 rar L *t- 4- 3 o a. o L. at O C 43 *4- o a 4O X Q, am V> 4J L co VI *6 J 40 wt e <a*o 4- 4J a) L. at E e o 40-0 - to j_ wi at r- o - at CC at (-- c Mr- 41 E c O O 13 O 4C- a.*-j **j- e L l at a l at jz e o -9 40 Cl> at It o u i L. >)4- (A X c^ r- C4t CX*L :4" 3 N <0 aOt4(O- h- O aut Lx3aE><> h a- o vto c SI V- u c o O T9 *14-- v> T7wic 0<cr 4I0t at t- -- E (O 40 *- +J *i-- U1 U IQ 4- 1 .-WX L. c E ci at vy J I-- H L- t--s: - utx; X (A O VOCQ9 ** J-- (/I O -Cl <S) O >>JS 04- O xa+j tc os- & toS. o <0 p. at tC V) e sr at Lit 40 OC So Cl Cl 8833 CAPCO JEN 0022129 FEDERAL REGISTER, V O L 3 8 , N O . 4 6 -- F R ID A Y , A P R IL 4 , 1 9 7 3 8834 rs iOd.A<JU Eouu --nua. nj o t3v- E rCD <U UCl <Ld. o J- ID o<u acj to oi uok fco CL VI >OJ- -oCid cr*5ac. 8) CcD c- r- C 4^0 0 O Ara d iQ 01*0. o> jfr--c a(0aLi, r>OC-- ir--3O-- -* a. CCOll NLd RULES AND REGULATIONS IeD *cd oo 0C*^65T33 *0 01(0 A fO 0ID1 0l*i3 *3 OJ IoU >_ >ai *> o'" TahOo3jiMMuIaoDi rXaaaO--3>jJ CLu O0 0.f0t* .*- XS tz O 4J Q ai O J0=1 OE 3CD 0G1 +J*r- o. 4J13L a0 0*0c 55 2CL4cOiI--- aCjl ^S X0id1 0oU1.aaA---* (3VjA- xtAAJrJ UDe<d> x io a> J C 01 O -r+j g wiA 'V cO AU V0.4L- *s fO XO3J CO trt alAi IaD> M I/I AcJ c 2 uu cc >lid e3O- H O a> e 3accrtr.aoUaj3>i Lo.i * -M TI--A *. .uICCcAl xI3OcDr. v c" XioI a) CLxArJ soiQl----1 xCl :I ct--J X3 1 o A- AJ IA O at c N A-- CTO cn a oi ^s AJ O I5d- x*J= XCXl <u o*o inCL 3 XX id O U >1 C" *vo ot-r o. a> IA C 5 > HJ a> aj *u e tt > f- -U OI ro- Xa3t og r- __ a a *E-r- CO a- AJ XT D O t. cr- O O LO LUO O. OI A-- 0 4* o.a- e i- -q 4J OV&I o- - 41 OJ A U V CLr-- O OEO -- C -- *A- CI3f.3 OX U X4J >- a- - 4- 3 r- _l zz. r-^L_WMA OX O 4) E 0.01 o E AJ H p- o AJ 01 XX LlI to C5 O i- L fl A> UL0IA<LX|MI .H-ox- IdyID AalAj J xr 0 E ol L m a a g . > O^JXW A* ta (UL^VCMOC 01 c o c _ jz at >01 id 4- *a +j E a- cr. id t- O c C <0-SVAUU X Cl AJ XX L O _ c-- CD 3 C 0 o > <2 *74- r- ID id a- a> Ca- o iaTJ 3{` AJ AJ Tl a- L O C IA U LT3 l/IAJ Oi OJOli-- OOJT3CO r- 3 AJ O *J Cl t- O AJ A* cro l kj u n o c U LA> L X*0 U 07 L&CJJ4)C<L)c O ID id O > a-- >,i~ u a- AJ A* a- g J COiACd to > Et2e t> *03 -XT S- 33 AAJ- Tid3 A(AJ 1< 4-0*0 e a> E tA-< Od Iflx O C VA-AJI--+JLO & 4IS. 3- S-- = S C C4 3 A A<( O AJ AJ < 1 UV) 3 LI C r-- I J O Cr- : - i-- O O >r-- *i~ Q_ 1 50 Q.WID ,J- c oc L OX U-- d<(- O-r-- AJ O *T3 '~ o ia a* . _ ___ CCTJAI :3ll Id *r O U a; S- w _ o o - 01 L. AJ O X -- C *A- uxo o AJ Id Id wo +j a. j- *r-*0 u a. UT-- L n L Cl OCO.D3NOXIO i T3 r3 <A- AJ A> -- O O XI o o u r? >, cr.r- O O CT3 U . ' ArJt AdJ --O Ax5- -r- L L4 N 3 AJ AJ *J Cl U Gr id O CD JC Id a- T- L ^ > AJ CD L 3* aJ J_ OI <U ID 3 cd n a- x: H- cj -a id UwX+JOU G C CD Cl 01 C O Cl s- r O I3X 41 C Ol D e ci aj aj xx l. -0X0 3 -H +J 4- S|AgAJ^haO; clO-H--SlOTHiTlOfOia) CAPCO JEN 0022130 RULES ANa REGULATIONS S835. I (( No. 66--Ft. li +J <st c. c *- o *o ifqO_n*r-Ctjru-r+-uJ +-J m u 3 HI u ttJ I-- *- u c J3 r- O 'r- O' 0 >>O0.0U. UQ. tio- r-- "3 O O- E >.-- J- v E k. *} O. > o cr> 3 *- CL *TJ u >c- ko- tcy j .c 4- O E JJ t) O p> E c .s J to O r i* l +J t- - 3 41 e O >-r~ .C> mv> o 6 c ** s 3W J HI J VW>) *r--- to >,*- d *E *>>5*0. V- 91 fQcJ. *4-. EO O 4t-o *- J O V 4* C O,, 4- l. to UO mk3>to O WO UL VX) Ql > VI 3 V. C f tul kj Ov) Vao4)i } k3--M 0. o c . L. to PO> *o E u> jc MO<Ok k~ V. CJ k wui oi. .oe vc^ o h O P l/l O 41 O to 1 *- JZ *VI 4- _C E^ E O 41/ k o O*- VI co >Sk03 pEvOo-l E44*CaG3>/ M V O3 _ CJ o k> (A 4A (O 4- to JX *- ak VeIPin UviTuJ k XI 41 P P4ICA to 5 J= O k. -. J"50 cuj; csc4jot) kc; >-* Op tCo C"3 >-- Z2t. O c to'4s-n 30: Co.-.P- >rncO1 --*lc/Jl tSooo. --T-op* tox +o* ov> ou ce 5k* oa dtfl o pv> 60 S i * O a> C I1 t? k. j: H > w .c * C25 - sf - o ft- 3? D<0 * 5 k. ci , w * o g S- .a 5CI id; u5o c5 E Is S a S u p* -U|4 o 3 <3 O^ 6a0 *J7L "S > _ U<: e P O * 5 o tf c u. 7 o a -* d(0 ak3 ^ gO .-* go-. -4J ^2 P 5 . -2 &5 2o CO c"d C> , ill3 " B < a "C J iw H >3o ^ 5 US E-S ;gm ; SH - .v > o co . to ; S2 J3 o c: 60 53 rt o le r2%St --C^a5Q >e3 * _oJ e 5 fSt go a ;: . ot ic>}k 4 3 ^>1 IKO H 3 too o "oo3 CoM > o. Sa Wa\n V*.* to " lO 41 V7 O * . S8 3oeS to 3--*"* E n Ho SS S to Q 5OS & 55 t c O +*' ^ 5 a 8 Ok. ^ *fji 3C-4p % 5S.-23 . ~fj *- O". O --fc Hd 3Xao ? *' r-?3ai toJa- laisiss i 2 s^2* " 15 n 3 XS g y in () e k TJ c25ooj *>> So sO 5p og> S cO 2 *a Xfiot S2wcO-S^m -2">. .kn (0 ^ s -- - C O cNri -o o_ C. <a M LV -oI O 2 CCO> o > Ul O 5 - C-- o -o* X u /. ' to to5; n w- Cr ^ 3 >C to cr k* ^&s *^ N^ Ro., oc X--2 ccs ^~ S B A. v>* Oto H &g 3> . 2rt Do ^ 4-4 _0. c 5 H o 5 H k. * 2 /) u O p C CAPCO JEN 0022131 8836 * RULES AND REGULATIONS ? titles of particulate matter. The filter holder must provide a positive seal against leakage from outside or around the filter. A heating system capable of maintaining the filter at a minimum temperature of 250* P. should be used to prevent condensation from occur ring. 2.1.8 Barometer. To measure atmospheric pressure to 0.1 In Hg. 2.2 Measurement of stack conditions (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and velocity)--2.2.1 Pitot tube. Type S, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent over the working range. 2.2.2 Differential pressure gauge. Inclined manometer, or equivalent, to measure veloc ity held to within 10 percent of the minimum value. Micromanometers should be used if warranted. 2.2.3 Temperature gauge. Any tempera ture measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 1* P. ' 2 2.4 Pressure gauge. Pitot tube and in clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack pressure to within 0.1 In Hg. 2.2.5 Moisture determination. Wet and dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, con densers, or equivalent, to determine stack gas moisture content to within 1 percent. 2.3 Sample recovery--2.3.1 Leakless glass sample bottles. 500 ml and 100 ml with Teflon lined tops. 2.3.2 Graduated cylinder. 250 ml. 2.3.3 P/astic jar. Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis--2.4.1 Spectrophotometer. To measure absorbance at 253.7 nm. Perkin Elmer Model 303. with a cylindrical gas cell (approximately 1.5 in. O.D. x 7 in.) with quartz glass windows, and hollow cathode source, or equivalent, y 2.4.2 Gas sampling bubbler. Tudor Scien tific Glass Co., Smog Bubbler, Catalogue No. TP-1150, or equivalent. 2 4.3. Recorder. To match output of spec trophotometer. 3. Reagents--3.1 Stock reagents--3.1.1 Pofassu/m iodide. Reagent grade. 3.1.2 Distilled vwter--3.1.3 Potassium iodide solution, 25 percent. Dissolve 250 g of potassium iodide (reagent 3.1.1) In dis tilled water and dilute to 1 to 1. 3.1.4 Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated. 3.1.5. Potassium iodate. Reagent grade. 3.1.6 Iodine monochloride (ICl) 1.0M. To 800 ml. of 25% potassium iodide solution (reagent 3.1.3), add 800 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Cool to room temperature. With vigorous stirring, slowly add 135 g. of potassium Iodate and continue stirring until all free iodine has dissolved to give a clear orange-red solution. Cool to room tempera ture and dilute to 1800 ml. with distilled water. The solution should be kept In amber bottles to prevent degradation. 3.1.7 Sodium hydroxide pellets. Reagent grade. 3.1.8 Nitric acid. Concentrated. 3.1.9 Hydroxylamine sulfate. Reagent grade. 3.1.10 Sodium chloride. Reagent grade. 3.1.11 Mercuric chloride. Reagent grade. 3.2 Sampling--3.2.1 Absorbing solution, 0.1 M ICl. Dilute 100 ml. of the 1,0M ICl stock solution (reagent 3.1.6) to 1 to 1 with distilled water. The solution should be kept In glass bottles to prevent degradation. This reagent should be stable for at least 2 months: however, periodic checks should be performed to insure quality. 3.2 2 'i cv.d, ): 1 V/V nitric acid-- 3.3 Analysis--3.3.1 Sodium hydroxide, 10 N.--Dissolve 400 g of sodium hydroxide pellets In distilled water and dilute to 1 to 1. 3.3.2 Reducing agent, 12 percent hydroxylamine sulfate, 12 percent sodium chlo* ride.--To 60 ml of distilled water, add 12 g of hydroxylamine sulfate and 12 g of sodium chloride. Dilute to 100 ml. This quantity is sufficient for 20 analyses and must be' pre pared daily. 3.3.3 Aeration gas.--Zero grade air. 3.3.4 Hydrochloric acid. 0.3N.*--Dilute 25.5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 1 to 1 with distilled water. 3.4 Standard mercury solutions-*3.4.1 Stock solution.--*Add 0.1354 g of mercuric chloride to 80 ml of 0.3N hydrochloric acid. After the mercuric chloride has dissolved, add 0.3N hydrochloric acid and adjust the volume to 100 ml. One ml of this solution is equivalent to 1 mg of free mercury. 3.4.2 Standard solutions.--Prepare cali bration solutions by serially diluting 'the stock solution (3.4.1) with 0.3N hydrochlo ric acid. Prepare solutions at concentrations in the linear working range for the instru ment to be used. Soutlons of 0.2 ig/ml, 0.4 Mg/ml and 0.6 ug/tnl have been found ac ceptable for most Instruments. Store all solutions in glass-stoppered, glass, bottles. These solutions should* be stable for at least 2 months; however, periodic checks should be performed to Insure quality.* 4. Procedure.--4.1 Guidelines for source testing are detailed in the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable; however, most sample sites differ to some degree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are re quired to ensure the best .possible sample site. Further, since mercury Is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of mercury to be collected generally is small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent con tamination or loss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points; 4.2.1 Select a suitable sampling site that is as close as Is practicable to the point of atmospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot In diameter should not be sampled^ 42.2 The sampling site should be at least eight stack or duct diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion, or contraction. For a rectangular cross section, determine an equivalent diameter from the following equation: where: D#=Equivalent diameter. !=: Length. TV = Width. 4.2.3 When the above sampling, site cri teria can-be met, the minimum number of traverse points Is four (4) for stacks 1 foot in diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 2 feet in diameter or less, and twelve (12) for stacks larger than 2 feet. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the. above sampling site criteria Imprac tical. When this Is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use figure 101-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 101-3 only for stacks 1 foot In diameter or larger. 4.2.5 To use figure 101-3, first measure the distance from the chosen sampling loca tion to the nearest upstream and downstream disturbances. Divide this distance by the diameter or equivalent diameter to deter mine the distance In terms of pipe diameters. Determine 'the corresponding number of traverse points for each distance from fig ure 101-3. Select the higher of the two num bers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the number is a multiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria of section 4.3.2. 42.6 If a selected sampling point Is closer than 1 inch from the stack wall, adjust the location of that point to ensure that the sample Is taken at least 1 inch away from the wall. 4.3 Cross sectional layout and location o traverse points: 4.3.1 -For circular stacks locate the trav erse points on at least two diameters accord ing to figure 101-4 and table 101-1. The traverse axes shall divide the stack cross section into equal parts. NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM ' (DISTANCE A) 0,5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3 2 7 D .tilled, deionized icater. 3 2.4 Sihca gel. Indicating type, 6 to 16 mesh dried at 350* P. for 2 hours. 3.2.5 FVVr (optional). Glass fiber. Mine Safety Appliances 1106BH. or equivalent. A filter may be necessary In cases where the gas stream to be sampled contains large quantities of particulate matter. Figure 102-3. Minimum of traverse points. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAP CO JEN 0022132 RULES AND REGULATIONS Table 101-1. Location of traverse points- in circular stacks (Percent of stack diameter from inside wall to traverse point) Traverse point number Humber of traverse points on a diameter on a di ameter 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 . 18- 20 22 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 TO 11 12 13 14 15 . 16 17 18 1? 2Q 21 22 23 24 14.6' 6.7 4.4 3.3 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 *1.1 85.4 25.0 14.7 10.5 8.2 6.7 5.7 4..9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 75.0 29.5 19.4 14.6 11.8 9.9 8.5 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.5 93.3 70.5 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 35.3 67.7 34.2 25.0 20.1 16.9 14.6 12.9 11.6 10.5 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.5 26.9 22.0 18.8 16.5- 14.6 13.2. 89.5 77.4 64.5 36.6 28.3 23.6 20:4 18.0 16.1 96.7 85.4 75.0 63.4 37.5 29.6 25.0 21.8 19.4 91.8 82.3 73.1 62.5 38.2 30.6 26.1 23.0 97.5. 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 38.8 31.5 27.2 93.3 85.4 78.0 70.4 61.2 39.3 32.397.9 90.1 83.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8 94.3 87.5 81.2 75.0 68.5 60.2 * 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.9 67.7* 95.1 89.1 83.5 78.2 72.8 ' 98.4 9Z.5 87.1 82.0 77.0 95.6 90.3 85.4 80.6 98.6 93.3 88.4 83.9 96.1 91.3. 86.8 98.7 94.0 89.5 96.5 92.1 98.9 94.5 96.a 98.9 P5$r*iei-4. Crw* Mellon of circular alack sho^iog local>oa of travffM points on p*rp*ndicUr dtomlcri. plflurt 101-5. Cross section of ncUngglar alack divided Into 12. equal ftaas, with inverse points at centroid of e*ct> am. 4.3.2 For rectangular stacks divide the cross section into as many equal rectangular areas as traverse points, such, that the ratio of the length to the width of the elemental areas is between one and two. Locate the traverse points at the centroid of each equal area according to figure 101-5. 4.4 Measurement of stack conditions: 4.4.1 Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 101-2. Make sure all connections are tight and leak-free. Measure the velocity head and temperature at the traverse points specified by section 4.2 and 4.3. 4.4.2 Measure the static pressure in the stack.. 4.4.3 Determine the stack gas moisture. 4.4.4 Determine the stack gas molecular weight from the measured moisture content and* knowledge of the expected gaa stream composition. A standard. Orsat analyzer has been found valuable at combustion sources. In all cases, sound engineering judgment should be used; 8831- FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 30, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022133 8838, RULES AND REGULATIONS 4.5Preparation of sampling train: 4.5.1 Prior to assembly, clean all glassware (probe, implngers, and connectors) by rinsing with wash acid, tap water, 0.1M IC1, tap water, and finally distilled water. Place 100 ml of 0.1M ICl In each of the first three impingers, and place approximately 200 g of preweighed silica gel In the fourth Impinger. Save 60 ml of -he 0.1M ICl as a blank In the sample analysis. Set up the train an<i the probe as In figure 101-1. 4.5.2 If the gas stream to T>e sampled Is excessively dirty or moist, the first Impinger may clog or become dilute too rapidly for sufficient testing. A filter can be placed ahead of the Impingers to collect the particulates. An initial empty Impinger may also be used to remove excess moisture. If a fifth impinger Is required, the final Impinger may have to be carefully taped to the outside of the sample box. 4.5.3 Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rate should not be in excess of l percent of the desired sam pling rate. If condensation in the probe or filter Is a problem, probe and filter heaters will be required. Adjust the heaters to pro vide a temperature of at least 250* F. Place crushed Ice around the Impingers. Add more Ice during the test to keep the temperature of the gases leaving the last Impinger at 70* F or less. 4.S Mercury train operation: 4.6.1 For each run, record the data re quired on the example sheet shown In figure 101-6. Take readings at each sampling point at least every j> minutes and when signifi cant changes In stack conditions necessitate additional adjustments In flow rate. 4.6.2 Sample at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cfm. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary' to accurately determine the maximum emissions which would occur In a 24-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination or calculation of the emissions which will occur over the duration of the cycle. A mini mum sample time of 2 hours Is recommended. In some instances, high mercury concentra tions can prevent sampling In one run for the desired minimum time. This Is indicated by reddening in the first Impinger as free Iodine is liberated. In this case, a run may be divided into two or more subruns to en sure that the absorbing solutions are not depleted. ham___ l0CATI0tf_ OPERATOR _ DATE____ NO ox no.__ ketcaam._____ Awtfcnr mrE*ATiie__ lAfcutmc m$soM_ ASSLNfO U0<miJ. x_ Mato tot anwa _ wo*u*cm..____ NOiOt OtAMCTtH. Ia. _ PN0KMATO SCT1'N0_ TRAVERSE ROW KVW6ER SAmiNG h'.w. STATIC r*fssuc (Rjl. ia M* STAC* TEMERATl*E (ty.'F vEiocirr HCAQ (aR^J. htssuw DlfFERENTIAL ACROSS ounce ME It* t*H. m HjO GASSAMHE VO.WE n* CAS SAMR1E TTMCUTURt AT ORV CAS METER tNUT jT- ,,,>.* CMTUT SAMHEKK iminge* TtMCMIVRE. TEMPERATURE, *r f than 2 days, the Initial add wash procedure must be followed, 4.S Analysis: 4.8.1 Apparatus preparation.--Clean all glassware according to the procedure of sec tion 4.5.1. Adjust the instrument settings ac cording to the Instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 253.7 nm. 4.8.2 Analysis preparation.--Adjust the air delivery pressure and the needle valve to obtain a constant airflow of about 1.3 to/ 1/znin. The analysis tube should be bypassed except during aeration. Purge the equipment for 2 minutes. Prepare a sample of mercury standard solution (3.4.2) according to section 4.8.3. Place the analysis tube in the line, and aerate until a mlximum peak height is reached on the recorder. Remove the analysis tube, flush the lines, and rinse the analysis tube with distilled water. Repeat with an other sample of the same standard solution. This purge and analysis cycle Is to be re peated until peak heights are reproducible. 4.8.3 Sample preparation.--Just prior to analysis, transfer a sample aliquot of up to 50 ml to the cleaned. 100 ml analysis tube. Adjust the volume to 50 ml with 0.1M ICl If required. Add 5 ml of 10 N sodium hy droxide, cap tube* with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously. Prolonged, vigorous shaking at this point is'necessary to obtain an'accurate analysis. Add 5 ml of the re ducing agent (reagent 3.3.2), cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously and Immediately In sample line. 4.8.4 Mercury determination.--`After the system has been ^stabilized, prepare samples from the sample ^bottle according to section 4.8.3. Aerate the sample until a maximum peak height is reached on- the recorder. The mercury content Is determined by compar ing the peak heights of the samples to the peak heights of the calibration solutions. If collected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Prepare a blank from the 100 ml bottle according to section 4.8.3 and analyze to determine the reagent blank mercury level. 5. Calibration.--5.1 Sampling train.-- 5.2.1 Use standard methods and equipment as detailed in APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate meter, pitot tube, dry gas meter, and probe heater (if used). Recalibrate prior to each test series. TOTAL AVERAGE Figtrt 1014. Held data A*1** At*. 52 Analysis.*--5.2.1 Prepare a calibra tion curve for the spectrophotometer using the standard mercury solutions. Plot the peak heights read on the recorder versus the concentrations of mercury in the standard solutions. Standards should be interspersed with the samples since the calibration caq change slightly with time. A new calibration, curve should be prepared for each new set of samples run. 4.6.3 To begin sampling, position the uated cylinder must be precleaned a3 In sec nozzle at the first traverse point with the tip tion 4.5.1). This operation should be per pointing directly into the gas stream. Im formed in an area free of possible mercury mediately start the pump and adjust the contamination. Industrial laboratories and flow to isokinetic conditions. Sample for at ambient air around mercury-using facilities least 5 minutes at each traverse point; samp are not normally free of mercury contamina ling time must be the same for each point. tion. When the sampling train is moved, care Maintain isokinetic sampling throughout the must be exercised to prevent breakage and sampling period. Nomographs which aid in contamination. the rapid adjustment of the sampling rate 4.7.2 Disconnect the probe from the im without other computations are in APTD- pinger train. Place the contents (measured to 0576 and are available from commercial sup 1 ml) of the first thfee impingers into a pliers. Note the standard nomographs are 500 ml sample bottle. Rinse the probe and all applicable only for type S pitot tubes and glassware between, it and the back half of air or a stack gas with an equivalent density. the third impinger with two 50 ml portions Contact ERA or tne sampling train supplier of 0.1M ICl solution. Acid these rinses to the for instructions when the standard nomo first sample bottle. For a blank, place 30 :ni graph is riot applicable. of the 0.1M ICl in a 100 ml sample bottle. If 4.6.4 Turn off the pump at the conclusion used, place the filter along with 100 ml of of each run and record the final readings. 0.1M ICl in another 100 ml sample bottle. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle Retain a filter blank. Place the silica gel in from the stack and handle m accordance the plastic jar. Seal and secure all containers with the sample recovery process described for shipment. If an additional test Is desired, In section 4.7. the glassware can be carefully double rinsed 4.7 Sample recovery: with distilled water and reassembled. How 4.7.1 (All glass storage bottles and the grad- ever, If the glassware is to be out of use more 6. Calculation*.--6.1 Average dry gasmeter temperature, stack temperature, stack pressure and average orifice pressure drop. See data sheet (fig. 101-6). 6.2 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to stack conditions by using equation 101-2. p-+n5) p. eq. 101-2 wh^ro: V.iln^nr* of <f.is san*.?)'** (j' l.-fc lry irv* *in'.*r V.,, Vohin-* of K * lliroMch Mt* ilry % couilic:on5j. iJ. T, Average of :1a*.V j. is,0 P.. = Av<!;u dry g.vj meter trmjvr mire,v 11. Pvxrzz Barometric pressure at the orifice meter, inHg. 6H = Average pressure drop across the or. flee meter, inH.*0. 33.6=:Specific gravity of mercury. Pi:=Stack pressure, Pb.ristatic pressure, inHg, FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 1 ( ( CAPCO JEN 0022134 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8S3S- 0.3 Volume 0/ water vapor. PLANT , V*=K,,V.' cq. 101-3 DATE _________________________________ _ (( where; PUN NO._________________________________ Vir#Volnmi* of water vapor in the gas sample (stack cuuthtions), It*. STACK DIAMETER, in.- - - - K=0.C67 --ml.--Jl wbeu these miits are used, Vi --Total volume of liquid collected In Liupingers juid si liea gel (sco figure 101-7), ml. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, in. Hg^, STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (Pg), in. Hg._________ [----------------------------; : i.-t Total gas volume. Vu4.i*V,+ Vir, eq. 101-4 nere; V'u.u-Total volume of gas sample (stack conditions), rt>. V* Volume of gas through gas meter (stack condi tions), ft*. W,-Volume of water vapor in gas sample (stack conditions), It*. OPERATORS SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION yO.UUt Of LIOUIO wAUACouEcnn IMTtNGtft VOLUW. ml SH1CA GCC FLIGHT, 9 FINAL INITIAL tlOUfO COlUCTID TOTAL VOLUK COUtCUO 0`j convert weight of wAtEniovoiuw if dividing total weight JNCMASE BT OLNSIIT Of nAUV |1 INnC**tA--Sfi O. _ WATER. n* . Traverse point number Velocity head, in. H20' Stack Temperature (%).F 1 * Figure 101*7. Analyllcat data. 6.5 Stack gae velocity. Use equation 101-5 to calculate the stack gas velocity. = /fpC,(v3P).>i.y-(P77.M)...,. eq. 101-5 when(i':V ^Average stack gas velocity, fowl per second. Kp. *S_e5.o3s--fetc.. {/\ ^lb--.-m--o-lbl,e.-.00infR>.K-l.n--p.JrUjOr\/)m, wh. en these units are used. C, = Pitot tube coefficient, dimensionless. (T. )**,. *Aver.ice stack gas temperature, R. (-v/afJ = A\or.igc square root of the velocity head of stack pas (in. JIiO)W (sec fig. 101-S). P. * Stack pressure, Pb*static pressure, in. Hg. M. s.Molecuiar weight of stack gas (wet basis>, the summation of the products of tha molecular weight of each component multiplied by its volumetric propoition in the mixture, lb./lb. mole. Figure 101-8 shows a sample recording sheet for velocity traverse data. Use the averages In the last two columns of figure 101-8 to determine the average stack, gas velocity from, equation 101-5. 6.6 Mercury collected. Calculate the total, weight of mercury collected by using equa tion 101-6. W, = V iC i- VkC (+ VtCi) ~eq. 101-d' where: W/=total weight of mercury collected, ' lI AVERAGE: Figure iai-8. Velocity traverse data. CC FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, T973 CAPCO JEN 0022135 8840 RULES AND REGULATIONS Vi=Total volume of condensed moisture and IC1 In ample bottle, ml. Ci=Concentration of mercury measured In sample bottle, ^g/ml. y>=Total volume of IC1 used In sampling (implnger contents and all wash amounts), ml. C=Blaak concentration of mercury In ICl solution, /ig/ml. V/=Total volume of ICl used In filter bottle (If used), ml. Cr=Concentratton of mercury In filter bottle (If used), jtg/ml. 6.7 Total mercury emission. Calculate the total amount of mercury emitted from each stack per day by equation 101-7. This equa tion is applicable for continuous operations. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stack is In operation. The total mercury emissions from a source will be the summation of results from all stacks. ,, ^4*^,86,400 seconds/day K..i 10Vg/g. eq. 101-7 where: Rate of emission, g/day. If*-Total weight of mercury collected, V\oi. = Total volume of gas sample (stack conditions), ft*. (*,)*,,,=Average stack gas velocity, feet per second. /l,=Stack area, ft*. pling Measurements, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14--19, 1970. It. Smith, W. S,, et al.. Stack Gas Sampling Improved and Simplified with New Equip ment, APCA paper No. 67-119.1967. 12. Smith, W. S.. R. T. Shigehara, and W. F. Todd, A Method of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data, Paper presented at the 63d Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14--19, 1970. 13. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities PHS, NCAPC, 1967. 14. Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter. In: 1971 Book of ASTM Standards, part 23, Philadelphia, 1971, ASTM Designation D-2928-71. 15. Vennard, J. K., Elementary Fluid Me chanics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1947. MSTHOD 102. REFERENCE METHOD FOR DETER MINATION OF PARTICULATE AND CASEOUS MER CURY EMESSrONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES (HYDROGEN STREAMS) 1. Principle and applicability--1.1. Princi ple.--Particulate and gaseous mercury emis sions are isoklnetlcatly sampled from the source and collected In acidic Iodine monochloride solution. The mercury collected (In the mercuric form) is reduced to elemental mercury la basic solution by hydroxylamLne sulfate. Mercury is aerated from the solution and analyzed using spectrophotometry. ' 1.2 Applicability.--This method is appli cable for the determination of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions when the carrier gas stream is principally hydrogen. The method is for use in ducts or stacks at stationary sources. Unless otherwise specified, this method is not intended to apply to gas streams other than those emitted directly to the atmosphere without further processing. 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train.--A sche matic of the sampling train used* by EPA is shown in figure 102-1, Commercial models of this train are available, although complete construction details are described in APTD0581* and operating and maintenance pro cedures are described in APTD-0570. The components essential to thu gjunpiing train are the following: . ACID 6.8 Isokinetic variation (comparison of velocity of gas in probe tip to stack velocity)* r lOOVtom eq. 101-8 where: I-* Percent of Isokinetic sampling. Vtu i** Total volume of gas sumpie (stack conditions), ` ft*. A*-Probe tip area, ft*, desampling lime, sec. (r)**t.=AvcMge stack gas velocity, feet per second. 7. Evaluofion of results--7.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7.1.1 Each performance test shall consist of three repetitions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining -compliance with an applicable national emission standard, the average of results or all repetitions shall apply. 7.2 Acceptable isokinetic results.--7.2.1 The following range sets the limit on accept able Isokinetic sampling results: If 90<Tesl^llO%, the results are accept able; otherwise, reject the test and repeat. 8. References.--i. Addendum to Speciflca. > tions for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities, PHS. NCAPC. Dec. 6,1967. 2. Determining Dust Concentration In a Gas Stream, ASME Performance Test Code No. 27, New York, N.Y., 1957. 3. Devorkln, Howard, et al., Air Pollution Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Con trol District. Los Angeles, Calif., Nov. 1963. 4. Hatch, W. R. and W. L. Ott, "Determina tion of Sub-MLcrogram Quantities of Mercury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry,** Anal. Chem., 40:2085-87,1968. 5. Mark. L. S., Mechanical Engineers* Hand book, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1951. 6. Martin. Robert M., Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD- 0581. 7. Methods for Determination of Velocity, Volume. Dust and Mist Content of Gases, .Vuste:'' 'Nr'oipIt.\tion Division of Joy Mfg. Co.. In* Vvz?les. Calif. 3ul. WP-50, 1068. 8. Perry. J. H.. Chemical Engineers' Hand book. M.'Gra.v-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.. I960. 9. Rom. Jerome J., Maintenance, Calibra tion, v.id Operation of Isokinetic Source Sam pling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency. APTD-0576. 10. Shigehara, R. T.. V7. F. Todd, and W. S. Smith. Significance of Errors In Stack Sam PUMP Figure 102-I. Mercury sampling train 2.1.1 Nozzle. Stainless steel or glass with sharp, tapered leading edge. 2.1.2 Probe. Sheathed Pyres* glass. 2.1.3 Pitot tube. Type S (figure 102-2), or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 per cent over the working range, attached to probe to monitor stack gas velocity. 2.1.4 Impingers. Four Greenburg-Smith lmplngers connected in series with glass balljoint fittings. The first, third, and fourth Impingers may be modified by replacing the tip'with one-half Inch ID glass tube extend ing to one-half inch from the bottom of the fiask. 2.1.5 Acid trap. Mine safety appliances air line filter, catalogue No. 81857, with acid ab sorbing cartridge and suitable connections, or equivalent. 2.1.6 Metering system.. Vacuum gage, leak- less pump, thermometers capable of measur ing temperature to within 5*F, dry gas meter with 2 percent accuracy, and related equip ment, described in APTD-0581, to maintain an Isokinetic sampling rate and to determine sample volume. 2.1.7 Barometer. To measure atmospheric pressure to 0.1 in hg. * These documents are available for a nomi nal cost from the National Technical In formation Service, U.S. Department of Com merce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22151. 2 Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38," NO. 66--FRIDAY,'APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022136 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8841 2 2 Measurement of stack conditions 3.3.4 Hydrochloric acid, 0.3N. Dilute 25.5 (stock pressure, temperature, moisture, and ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 1 l velocity)--2.2.1 Pitot tube. Type S, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 per cent over theworking range. 2.2.2 Differential pressure gage. Inclined manometer, or equivalent, to measure veloc ity head to within 10 percent of the mini mum value. Micromanometers should be used with distilled water. 3.4 Standard mercury solutions--3.4.1 Stock solution. Add 0.1354 g of mercuric chloride to 80 ml of 0.3N hydrochloric acid. After the mercuric chloride has dissolved, add 0 3N hydrochloric acid and adjust the volume to 100 ml. One ml of this solution if warranted. 2.2.3 Temperature gage. Any tempera ture-measuring device to measure stack tem perature to within 1* F. 2.2.4 Pressure gage. Pitot tube and In is equivalent to 1 mg of free mercury. 3.4.2 Standard solutions. Prepare cali bration solutions by serially diluting the stock solution (3.4.1) with 0.3N hydrochloric acid. Prepare solutions at concentrations In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure the linear working range for the instrument stack pressure to within 0.1 In hg. to be used. Solutions of 0.2 xig/ml, 0.4 ^g/ml 2 2.5 Moisture determination. Drying and 0.6 ^g/ml have been found acceptable tubes, condensers, or equivalent, to deter for most instruments. Store all solutions In mine stack gas moisture content In hydrogen glass-stoppered, glass bottles. These solutions to within 1 percent. should be stable for at least 2 months; how 2.3 Sample recovery---2.3.1 Leakless glass ever, periodic checks should be- performed sample bottles. 500 ml and 200 ml with Tef to insure quality. lon-lined tops. 4. Procedure. 4.1 Guidelines for source 2.3.2 Graduated cylinder. 250 ml. testing are detailed in tbe following sections. 2.3.3 Plastic far. Approximately 300 ml. These guidelines are generally applicable; 2.4 Analysis--2.4.1 Spectrophotometer. however, most sample sites differ to some de To measure absorbance at 253,7 nm. Perkin gree and temporary alterations such as stack Elmer model 303, with a cylindrical gas cell extensions or expansions often are required (approximately 1.5 In o.d. x 7 In) with quartz to Insure the best possible sample site. Fur glass windows, and hollow cathode source, or ther. since mercury is hazardous, care should equivalent. be taken to minimize exposure. Fnally, since 2.4.2 Gas sampling bubbler. Tudor Scien the total quantity of mercury to be collected 4.2.2 The sampling site should be at least eight stack or duct diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion or contraction. For rectangular cross section, determine an equivalent diameter from the following equation: d.=1L+2W_ where: D*=:equivalent diameter. L = length. W = width. eq.102-1 4.2.3 When the above sampling site crite ria can be met, the minimum number of traverse points Is four (4) for stacks 1 foot In diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 2 feet In diameter or less, and twelve (12) for stacks larger than 2 feet. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria Imprac tical. When this is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use figure 102-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 102-3 only for stacks X foot In diameter or larger. 4.2.5 To use figure 102-3, first measure the distance from the chosen sampling location to the nearest upstream and downstream dis turbances. Divide this distance by the di tific Co. Smog Bubbler, catalogue No. TP1150, or equivalent. 2.4.3 Recorder.* To match output of spectrophotometer. 3. Reagents.--3.1 Stock reagents.--3.1.1 Potassium iodide. Reagent grade. 3.1.2 Distilled mater. 3.1.3 Potassium Iodide solution, 25 per cent.--Dissolve 250 g of potassium Iodide (re agent 3.1.1) in distilled water and dilute to generally is small, the test must be care fully conducted to prevent contamination or toss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points. . 4.2.1 Select a suitable sampling site that Is as close as Is practicable to the point of atmospheric emission. H possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot In diameter should not be sampled. ameter or equivalent diameter to determine tbe distance in terms of pipe diameters. De termine the corresponding number of trav erse points for each distance from figure 102-3. Select the higher of the two numbers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the number is a mul tiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria of section 4.3.2. 1 to l. 3.1.4 Hydrochloric acid. Concentrated. NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM* 3.1.5 Potassium iodate. Reagent grade. (DISTANCE A) 3.1.6 Iodine monochloride (JCt) I.0M. To 800 ml of 25 percent potassium Iodide 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 solution (reagent 3.1.3), add 800 ml of con centrated hydrochloric acid. Cool to room temperature. With vigorous stirring, slowly add 135 g of potassium iodate and continue stirring until all free iodine has dissolved to give a clear orange-red solution. Cool to room temperature and dilute to 1,800 ml with dis tilled water. The solution should be kept In amber bottles to prevent degradation. 3.1.7 Sodium hydroxide pellets. Reagent grade. 3.1.8 Nitric acid. Concentrated. 3.1.9 Hydroxylamine sulfate. Reagent grade. 3.1.10 Sodium chloride. Reagent grade. 3.1.11 Mercuric chloride. Reagent grade. 3.2 Sampling. 3.2.1 Absorbing solution, 0J.M ICl. Dilute 100 ml of the 1.0M ICI stock solution (reagent 3.1.6) to 1 1 with dlstsllled water. The solution should be kept In glass bottles to prevent degradation. This reagent should be stable for at least 2 months; how ever, periodic checks should be performed to Insure quality. 3.2.2 Wash acid. 1:1 V/V nitric acid-water. 3.2.3 Distilled, deionized water. 3.2.4 Silica gel. Indicating type, 6 to 16 mesh, dried at 350"F for 2 hours. 3 3. Analysis--3.3.1 Sodium hydroxide, 10N. Dissolve 400 g of sodium hydroxide pel lets in distilled water and dilute to 1 1. NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS DOWNSTREAM* ^DISTANCE B) 2 Reducing agent. 12 percent hydrox- sulfate, 12 percent sodium '-.Voride, o CO :ni oi disciHed water, add 12 i; of hy- dt'K/lamme .sulfate and 12 g of rodium chlo ride. Dilute to 100 ml. Tins quantity is sufficient for 20 analyses and must be pre Figure 104-3. Minimum number of traverse points. pared daily. 3 3.3 Aeration, gas Zero grade air. 4.2.6 If a selected sampling point Is closer tion of that point to insure that the .`ample thau 1 inch from stack wall, adjust the loca Is taken at least 1 inch away from the wall. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 30, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022137 8842 RULES AND REGULATIONS - 4.3 Cross-sectional layout and location of traverse points. 4.3.1 For circular stacks locate the tra verse points on at least two diameters ac cording to figure 103-4 table 103-1. The traverse axes shall divide the stack-cross sec tion into equal parts. 4.3.2 For rectangular stacks divide the cross-section into as many equal rectangular rreas as traverse points, such that the ratio of the length to the width of the elemental areas Is between one and two. Locate the traverse prints at the centroid of each equal area ac cording to figure 102-5, 4.4 Measurement of stack conditions. 4.4.1 Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 102-2. Make sure all connections aretight and leak free. Measure the velocity head and temperature at the traverse points speci fied byseetlon 4.2 and 4.3. 4.4.2 Measure the static pressure In the stack. 4.4.3 Determine the stack gas moisture. Fkw* 162*4. Cross section of drcvfar stack showing locatfarof i2-5. Cran soelScn of r*iangula/ suck dlvttfotf (ate 12 *qu*|. /**, wilA l/aws* point* at centroid ol *cft Table 102-1. Location of traverse points in circular stacks (Percent of stack diameter from inside wall to traverse .point) Traverse point number diameter 2 4 Humber of traverse points on a diameter 6 a 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 T 14.6 6.7 4.4` 3.3 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 T.l 1.1 2 85.4 25.0 14.7 10.5 a.2 6.7 5.7. 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3 75.0 29.5 19.4 14.6 11.8 9.9 8.5 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.5 4 93.3 70.5 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 5 85.3 67.7 34.2 25.0 20.1 16.9 14.6 12.9 11.6 10.5 6 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.5 26.9 22.0 18.8 16.5 14.6 13.2 7 89.5 77.4 64.5 36.6 28.3 23.6 20.4 18.0 16.1 8 96.7 85.4 75.0 63.4 37.5 29.6 25.0 21.8 19.4 9 91.8 82.3 73.1 62.5 38.2 30.6 26.1 23.0 10 97.5 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 38.8 31.5 27.2 11 93.3 85.4 78.0 70.4 61.2 39.3 32.3 12 97.9 90.1 83.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8 13 94.3 87.5 81.2 75.0 68.5 60.2 14 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.9 67.7' 15 95.1 89.1 83.5 78.2 72.8 16 98.4 92.5 87.1 82.0 77.0 17 95.6 90.3 85.4 80.6 18 98.6 93.3 88.4- 83.9 19 96.1 91.3 86.8 20 98.7 94.0 89.5 21 96.5 92.1 22 98.9 94.5 23 96.8 24 98.9 4.4.4 Determine the stack gas molecular weight from the measured ^moisture content and knowledge of the expected gas stream composition. Sound engineering Judgment should be used. 4.5 Preparation of sampling train. 453 Prior to assembly, clean all glass ware (probe, impingers, and connectors) by rinsing with wash acid, tap water, 0.1M IC1, tap water, and finally distilled water. Place 10O ml of 0.1M IC1 in each of the first three impingers* and place approximately 200 g. of preweighed silica gel in the fourth 1mpinger. Save 80 ml of the 0.1M ICL as a blank In the sample analysis. Set up the train and the probe as in Figure 102-1. 4.5.2 Leak' check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rate should not be hi excess of 1 percent of the desired sampling rate. Place crushed lee around the impingerr. Add more lee during the run to keep the temperature of the gases leaving the last Impinger at 70* F or less. __ 4.6 Mercury train operation. * 4.6.1 Safety procedures. It Is Imperative that the sampler conduct the source test under conditions of utmost safety, since hydrogen and air mixtures are explosive. The sample train essentially is leakless, so that attention to safe operation can be concen trated at the inlet and outlet. The following specific items, axe recommended: 4.6.1.1 Operate only the vacuum pump during the test*. The other electrical equip ment, e.g. heaters, fans and timers, normally are not essential to the success of a hydro gen stream test. 4.6.1.2 Seal the sample port to minimize leakage of hydrogen from the stack. 4.6.1.3 Vent sampled hydrogen at least 10 feet away from the train. This can be accomplished easily by attaching a %-in i.d. Tygon tube to the exhaust from the orifice meter. 4.6.2 For each run, record the data re quired on the sample sheet shown in figure 102-6. Take readings at each sampling point at least every 5 minutes and when significant changes in stack conditions.necessitate ad ditional adjustments in flow rate. 4.6.3 Sample at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cfm. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the `maximum emissions which would occur in a 24-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination `or calculation of the emissions which will occur over the duration of the cycle. A mini mum sample time of 2 hours is recommended. In some instances, high mercury concentra tions can prevent sampling in one run for the desired minimum time. This is Indicated by reddening in the first Impinger as free iodine is liberated. In this case, a run may be divided into two or more subrtms-to insure that the absorbing solutions are not depleted. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022138 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8843' FU`lf_________ IC-CAIlOH_____ WAAIOH AUfKKT UWfATU*t. ia*o**uic mssuK. ASJuwio vourctt.tt. manual, using an absorption wavelength of 253.7 nm. 4.8.2 Analysis preparation.--Adjust the air delivery pressure and the needle valve to CAlf_________ FL/JSO. SAWLCMlNO. f*0*ClfNGW. ^ NttM 0<AU(lt*. in. . obtain a constant air flow of about 1.3 1/min. The analysis tube should be bypassed ex cept during aeration. Purge the equipment )*un tot no.. for 2 minutes. Prepare a sample of mercury NilUH. standard solution (3.4.2) according to sec C . irir* SCKXAIIC of STAC1 OOM SCCnP* tion 4.8.3. Place the analysis tube in the line, IMA/IMI KJlM SAVING 1*1. I~. Uahc JtAC* UwAlkAH.Hl 's'- "*** ITjl.'f VUOCUT KAO Ufjl. PK&SUCt 0t*fN!1Al ACAOS9 C>HCt mu* l A H). '-MjO CAS SAU*C VatrK JV-I H1 GASttvni MflA!U*t ArOAT CA><4U4 IM.IT If-., Ouftlf 5A"rfU 0l MfiNGU |(Wr(AAIUkC. UWCMIMt V and aerate until a maximum peak height is reached on the recorder. Remove the analy sis tube, flush the lines, and rinse the analysis tube with distilled water. Repeat with another sample of the same standard solution. This purge and analysis cycle is to be repeated until peak heights are repro ducible. 4.8.3 Sample preparation.--Just prior to analysis, transfer a sample aliquot of up to 50 ml to the cleaned 100 ml analysis tube. Adjust the volume to 50 ml with 0.1M ICl If required. Add 5 ml of 10 N sodium hydrox ide, cap tube with a clean glass stopper and shake vigorously. Prolonged, vigorous shak ing at this point is necessary to obtain an accurate analysis. Add 5 ml of the reducing agent (reagent 3.3.2), cap tube with a clean 10* AL *.<Cfc glass stopper and shake vigorously and im A*. mediately place in sample line. A1. v 4.8.4 Mercury determinatioii.--After the system has been stabilized, prepare samples Figur* 102-6. Field daU from the sample bottle according to section 4.6.4 To begin sampling, position the noz zle at the first traverse point with the tip pointing directly into the gas stream. Imme diately start the pump and adjust the flow to isokinetic conditions. Sample for at least 5 minutes at each traverse point; sampling time must be the same for each point. Main tain Isokinetic sampling throughout the sam pling period, using the following.procedures. 4.6.4.1 Nomographs which aid. in the rapid gen by dividing by 13. This factor Includes the ratio of the dry molecular weights and a correction for the different orifice calibration factors for hydrogen and air. This procedure Is diagrammed below: /MW air\ Observe Al*--Multiply j .rrrvrr' 1--Net thlson by \ M tit / i nomograph. 4.8.3. Aerate the sample until a maximum peak height Is reached on the recorder. The mercury content Is determined by comparing the peak heights of the samples to the peak heights of the calibration solutions. If col lected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Prepare a blank from the 100 ml bottle according to section 4.8.3 and analyze to determine the reagent blank mercury levels adjustment of the sampling rate without 5. Calibration.--5.1 Sampling Train. 5.1.1 oth^r computations are in APTD-0576 and Use standard methods and equipment as de are available from commercial suppliers. The tailed in APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate available nomographs, however, are set up Head oil Ml --Divide by 13 s* H7f toheusodon nu-turbox. meter, pitot tube and dry gas meter. Recali for u*e in air streams, and minor changes are required to prov ide applicability to hydrogen. 4.C.4.2 Calibrate the meter box orifice. Use the techniques as described in APTD-0576. 4.6.4.3 The correction factor nomograph discussed in APTD-0576 and shown on the reverse side of commercial nomographs will not be used. In its place, the correction factor will be calculated using equation 102-2. "c 0.01 (CpAM* P. Tm Pm eq. 102-2 where: C = Correction factor. CP = Pitot tube coefficient. M = Mole fraction dry gas. P. = Stack pressure, inHg. Pm =: Meter pressure, inHg. Tm= Meter temperature, R. Ala = Molecular'weight of stack gas (from 4.4.4), ib/lb mole. = Meter box calibration factor, ob tained In step 4.6.4.2. 4.6.4 6 Operate the sample train at the calculated iff at each sample point. 4.6.5 Turn off the pump at the conclusion of each run and record the final readings. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle from the stack and handle In accordance with the sample recovery process described In sec tion 4.7. 4.7Sample recovery. 4.7.1 (All glass storage bottles and the graduated cylinder must be precleaned as in section 4.5.1). This operation should be per formed in an area free of possible mercury contamination. Industrial laboratories and ambient air around mercury-usizjg facilities are not normally free of mercury contamina tion. When the sampling train is moved, care must be exercised to prevent breakage and contamination. 4.7.2 Disconnect the probe from the lmplnger train. Place the contents (measured to 1 ml) of the first three implngers Into a 500 ml sample bottle. Rinse the probe and all glassware between it and the back half of the third Impinger with two 50 ml por tions of 0.1M ICl solution. Add these rinses brate prior to each. test series. 5.2 Analysis.--5.2.1 Prepare a calibra tion curve for the spectrophotometer using the standard mercury solutions. Plot the peak heights read on the recorder versus the concentration of mercury in the standard solutions. Standards should be interspersed with the samples since the calibration can change slightly with time. A new calibration curve should be prepared for each new set of samples run. 6. Calculations--6.1 Average dry gas meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pres sure and average orifice pressure drop.--See data sheet (fig. 102-6). 6.2 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to stack conditions by using equation 102-3. AH\ v,, = 13.6j P. eq.102-3 where: Ko,,ss Volumo of pas sample through the dry gas Differ (stack conditions), ft.* 4.6.4.4 Set the calculated correction factor to the first bottle. For a blank, place 80 ml on the front of the operating nomograph. of the 0.1M ICl in a 100 ml sample bottle. Select the proper nozzle and set the K-factor Place the silica gel la the plastic Jar. Seal and on the nomograph as detailed in APTD-0576. secure all containers for shipment. If an ad 4.6.4 5 Read the velocity head in the stack ditional test is desired, the glassware can be at ea~h sample point from the manometer in carefully double rinsed with distilled water --e b:*x. Convert the hydrogen P to and reassembled Ho-vever. if to.e glassware Is 7 = Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft3. T. = Average temperature of stack gas. ftR. T,.i = Average dry gas meter temperature, R. a:i value for a:r by multiplying by a ra.o of the molecular weight of air to hy drogen at the stack moisture content. Insert this value of aP onto the nomograph and read o.f it{. Again, convert the Mi, which is an air equivalent value, to the Ml for hydro to b~ out of iu>e more than 2 days, the initial acid wash procedure must bo followed. 4 8 Analysis--4.8.1 Apparatus 7>r<paration.--Clean all glassware according to the procedure of section 4.5.1. Adjust the instru ment settings according to the instrument meter, inHg. Ml = Average preasure drop across the ori fice meter, inH.O. 13.6 = Specific gravity of mercury. p = $tack pressure, Ps.rstatlc pressure, inHg. No. 66--Pt. II- FEDERAl REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022139 8844 BUIES ANO REGULATIONS 0.3 Volume of water vapor. V.=K.7i,^ eq. 102-4 TThtft: V*, "Volume ot water vapor in the gas jampie (alack conditions). U>. X** 0.00267 ml. --R ' yrbeg these units aroused; Vi4"TotaI volumt of liquid collected In Lmpingers aud silica (see figure 102-7). mL T."Avt*rage stack gas temperature, *R. ,P"$ta<.k pressure, Pb., dbstatic pressure, In. Hg. 0.4 Total gas volume. Vtotki -- P"mt r# 102--5 where: Vuiii= total volume of gas sample (stack conditions), ft*. VM "Volume of gas through dry fas meter (stack i.omliuons), ft*. V*,=*Voluiue of water vapor in gas sample (stack conditions), it1. VOttAtt Of LIQUID KATtfl CXXLtCUO VOUr, *4 SILICA <3(1. WtICMT, 9 riNAi INITIAL tlQUlQ COlliCICO TOTAL VC1UM6 COUTCTTO l *. *Covm wtwr o* to volume *r dividing total wight IfcCMASl IT DLNSITT Of 1ATU. (1 /mUi * V0ll WAUI, N PLANT DATE___ ______________________________________ RUN. NO.,______________________STACK DIAMETER* in.. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE* in. Hg;h STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (Pg), in. Hg;________ ' OPERATORS;____________________________________ Traverse potnt number Velocity head, in, H20 vS7 f------------------ ---------- ' SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION .. - 1 . Stack Temperature IV.F " Figure 102*7* Analytical data, 6.6 Stack gas velocity--Use equation 102-6 to calculate the stack gas velocity. (*.)..= A%C,(VF).,..- eq 102-6 wh: (>).... K, Average stack gas velocity, feet per second; ft / Ib-inll* VI* . lb mole'-n-lnH'O / whtn these units are used. (W...C, `Pitot tube coefficient, dimensionless. : Average stack gss temperature, R- {Vafw iAverage square root of the velocity bead of stack gas (inHiO)*/1 (see figure 102-8). p. : Stack pressure, Pbfcf5tauc pressure, in Hg. A/. `Molecular weight of-stack gas (wet basis), the summalion of the products of the molecular weight of each component multiplied by Its vohunetric proportion In the mixture, Ib/lb-mole. Figure 102-8 shows a sample recording sheet tor velocity traverse data. Use the averages la the last two columns of figure 102-8 to de termine the average stack gas velocity from equation 102-6. 6.6 Mercury collected. Calculate the total weight of mercury collected hy using eq. 102-7. - AVERAGE: ( Figure 102-8. Velocity traverse data. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38,'NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022140 RULES AND REGULATIONS 8845' where: W, = ViCi-ViCb..........eq. 102-7 lv,i=Tolal weight of mercury collected, ng. V:=Total volume of condensed moisture and ICI In sample bottle, ml. CirrConcentrutlon of mercury measured In sample bottle, /ig/ml. V, = Toial volume of ICI used In sampling (impinger contents and all wash amounts), ml. Ci. = Blank concentration of mercury in ICI solution, jig/ml. 6.7 Total mercury emission.--Calculate the total amount of mercury emitted from each stack per day by equation 102-8. This equation Is applicable for continuous opera tions. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stack is in operation. The total mercury emissions from a source -will be the summation of results from all stacks. H-'.Q'.W-'l,, .SO,400 secopd'.'ilny i: = r, 10s pg/g eq. 102-8 where: 71= H jJi) of emission, p/d.vy. \\\ s-1* * \\ \w;"5it of mercury volume ol gas sample (slat k conditions), . /d. ATpmg'' stack gas velocity, tet per sccor.cL ad. = C:t,'LCk xrv,\ ft*. 6.8 Isokinetic variation (comparison of velocity of gas in probe tip to stack velocity). f XOOVto^x rl,,a(e.)... eq. 102-9 wlierc: /*- P. rccnt of isokinetic sampling. Viot = T.'t.l volume of g:w-sample (alack conditions), fi TipivV' lip or^-i, ft5. = " nsplis'L' inn''. *< i*. ( - Av. i u*. .-I i \oiu< s * y. f vt per a\usul. 7. Erufj.-uf ion. of results.--7.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7.1.1 Each performance test shall consist of three repetitions of the applicable test method. For the purpose of determining compliance with an applicable national emission standard, the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. 7.2 Acceptable isokinetic results.--7.2.1 The following range sets the limit on ac ceptable isokinetic sampling results: If 10'".-. the results are acceptable; otherwise, reject the test and repeat. 8. References.--1. Addendum to Specifi cations for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities. PHS. NCAPC, Dec. 6, 1967. 2. Determining Dust Concentration in a Gas Stream, ASME Performance Test Code No. 27. New York. N.Y., 1957. 3. Devorkln, Howard, et al., Air Pollution Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Con trol District. Los Angeles, Calif.. Nov. 1963. 4. Hatch, W. R. and W. L. Ott, "Determina tion of Sub-Microgram Quantities of Mer cury by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotom etry/' Anal. Chem., 40: 2085--87, 1968. 5. Mark, L. S., Mechanical Engineers* Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York. N.Y., 1951. 6. Martin, Robert M., Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD65BI. 7. Methods for Determination of Ve'.ocltv, V / :r:*::J M;>t Con:?.:t ; Core's. : pi ion Division of Joy M.vnui `2'u. nr <' . L/>o Anzeles, Calif. ih'.U. WP-jjQ, 1 r*S3 8. P-vry. J. H- Chemical Engineers' Hand book. M Gcavv-Hill Book Co., Inc.. New York, NY. 0. Jerome J., Maintenance*. Calibrat!v`n, and Operation of Isokinetic Source SampJinr Equipment. Environmental Protec tion Agency. APTD-0576. 10. Shigehara, R. T.. W. F. Todd, and W. S. 2.2.3. Temperature gauge.--Any tempera Smith, Significance of Errors in Stack Sam ture measuring device to measure stack tem pling Measurements, Paper presented at the perature to within 5* F. Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control 2.2.4 Pressure gauge.--Any device to Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14-19, 1070. measure stack pressure to within 0.1 in. Hg. 11. Smith. W. S., et al.. Stack Gas Sam 2.2.5 Barometer.--To measure atmos pling Improved and Simplified with New pheric pressure to within 0.1 in. Hg. ) Equipment, APCA paper No. 67-119, 3967. 2.2.6 Moisture determination.--Wet and 12. Smith, W. S-. R. T. Shigehara, and W. F. dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, con Todd, A Method of Interpreting Stack Sam densers, or equivalent, to determine stack gas pling Data, Paper presented at the 63d An moisture content to within 1 percent. nual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control 2.3 Sample recovery.--2.3.1 Probe clean Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14--19, 1970. ing equipment.--Probe brash or cleaning rod 13. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at least as long as probe, or equivalent. Clean at Federal Facilities PHS, NCAPC, 1067. cotton balls, or equivalent, should be used 14. Standard Method for Sampling Stacks with the rod.. for Particulate Matter. In: 1971 Book of 2.3/2 Leakless glass sample botNes. ASTM Standards, part 23, Philadelphia, 1971, 2.4 Analysis.--2.4.1 Equipment neces ASTM Designation D-2928-71. sary to perform an atomic absorption, 15. Vennard, J. K., Elementary Fluid Me spectrographic, fluorometrlc, chromato chanics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New graphic, or equivalent analysis. York, 1947. 3. Reagents.--3.1 Sample recovery.--3.1.1 METHOD 103. BERYLLIUM SCREENING METHOD Acetone.--Reagent grade. 3.1.2 Wash acid.--Ul V/V hydrochloric 1. Principle and applicability.--l.l Prin acid-water. ciple.--Beryllium emissions are isoklnetlcally 3.2 Analysis.--3.2.1 Reagents as neces sampled from three points in a duct or stack. sary for the selected analytical procedure. The collected sample Is analyzed for beryl 4. Procedure.--4.1 Guidelines for source lium using an appropriate technique. testing are detailed In the following sections. 1.2 Applicability.--This procedure details These guidelines are generally applicable; guidelines and requirements for methodq however, most sample sites differ to some de acceptable for use In determining beryllium gree and temporary alterations such as stack emissions in ducts or stacks at stationary extensions or expansions often are required sources, as specified under the provisions of to insure the best possible sample site. Fur 61.14 of the regulations. ther, since beryllium is hazardous, care 2. Apparatus--2.1 Sampling train.--A should be taken to minimize exposure. schematic of the required sampling train configuration is shown in figure 103-1. The essential components of the train are the following: Finally, since the total quantity of beryllium to be collected is quite small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent contami nation or loss of sample. 2.1.1 NorcZe.--Stainless steel, or equiva 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and num lent, with sharp, tapered leading edge. ber of runs.--4.2.1 Select a suitable sam 2.1.2 Probe.--Sheathed Pyrex 1 glass. pling site that is as close as practicable to the 2.1.3 Filter.--Millipore AA. or equivalent, point of atmospheric emission. If possible, with appropriate filter holder- that provides stacks smaller than 1 foot in diameter should a positive seal against leakage from outride not be sampled. or around the filter. It Is suggested that a Whatman 41, or equivalent, be placed imme diately against the back side of the Millipore 4.2.2 The sampling site should be at least eight stack or duct diameters downstream and two diameters upstream from any flow filter as a guard against breakage of the disturbance such as a bend, expansion or Millipore. Include the Whatman 41 in the contraction. For rectangular cross-section, analysis. Equivalent filters must be at least determine an equivalent diameter using the 99.95 percent efficient (DOP Test) and following equation: amenable to the analytical procedure. mu 2LW r eq. 103-1 where: D* = equivalent diameter L = length W = width Figure 103*1. Beryniwntcr*eriir>g method: samplo tain schematic. 2.1.4 Meter-pump system.---Any system that will maintain isokinetic sampling rate, determine sample volume, and Is capable ot a sampling rate of greater than 0.5 cfm. 2.2 Measurement of stack conditions (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and velocity).--The following equipment shall be used In the manner specified in section 4.3.1. 2 2.1 ?:*">: I with a working range. --Type ft. *r C'.n/.vMc-nt, f. percent', ov xko 2 2.2 Differential pre*~ure gauge.--In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure velocity head to within 10 percent of the minimum value. 1 Mention of trade names or specific prod ucts does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. 4.2.3 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria imprac tical. When this is the case, an alternate site may be selected but must be no les3 than two diameters downstream and onehalf diameter upstream from any point of disturbance. Additional sample runs are rec ommended at any sample site not meeting the criteria of section 4.2.2. 4.2.4 Three runs shall constitute a test. The runs shall be conducted at three dif ferent points. The three points shall pro portionately divide the diameter, l.e. be lo cated at 23, 50 and, 75 percent of the diameter from the inside wall. For hori/on'ai due's, the diameter shall he in the vor-5'al For ir c'*c: *>:. *: . . e /ii til-: controm .md :r`v a if .uMu tonaL runs ,xre y~r 4.2.3, p:oportiomuely div-de t! (ir.,*; commodate the total number of runs. -d'. t ac 4.3 Mca-iurctnent of sfa^k 4.3.1 Measure the stack g.t.> procure, mois ture, and temperature. usm.r the equipment described in I 2.2. Determine the molecular weight of the stack gas. Sound engineering estimates may be made in heu of direct FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022141 8846 RULES AND REGULATIONS measurements. The lor such estimates t> W,A,,yS&,40&scor>ds/day . shait be given. In the test report. 4.4 Preparation of so.mpling train,-- Vu,u, 10Vs/g-- 4.4.1. Assemble the sampling, train as shown In. figure 103-1. It U recommended that all glassware ha precleaned by soaking in wash acid for 2 hours. 4.42. Leak check the ^mpiing train at the where. R=* Rats of emission, g/dajr. V***Total weight of beryllium collected, jig. Vi.tfei'-Totai: volume of gas sampled, ft1. (*) ,,r.Average stack g*j velocity* feet par second. A** Stack area, ft12. sampling site. The leakage rate should not be 7. Test report. 7.1 A test report shall be in. excess, of X percent of the desired sample prepared which shall Include as a minimum? rate. 7.12 A detailed! description of the sam 4.5 BiryIlium train operation.--4.5.1 For pling train used and results of the proce each run. measure the velocity at the selected dural check with all data- and calculations sampling point. Determine the isokinetic made. sampling rate. Record the velocity head and 7.1.2 AIL pertinent data taken during the required sampling rate. test*, the basis for any estimates made* cal 4.5.2 Place the nozzle at the sampling - culations, and results. point with, the tip pointing directly into the gas stream. Immediately start the pump and adjust the How to isokinetic conditions. At the conclusion of. the test,, record the sam pling rate. Again measure the velocity head at the sampling point.The required isokinetic 7.12 A description of the test site. In cluding a block diagram with a brief de scription of the process* Ideation of the sam ple points in the cross section, dimensions and distances from any point of disturbance. rate at the end of the period should not have METHOU 104. BETTRXNCB MSTHOB POB DSTBX- deviated more than 20 percent from, that MUJATTQN OF BERYLLIUM. EMISSIONS. FROM originally calculated. STATIONARY SOURCES sample- Is digested 1a an. acid, solution and analyzed by atomic absorption spectropho tometry. 12 Applicability.--This, method. la appli cable for the. determination oZ. beryllium emissions in ducts or stacks at stationary sources. Unless otherwise specified, this method, la not Intended ta apply to gas streams other than those emitted directly to the atmosphere, without, further processing. ... 2. Apparatus--2:1 Sampling train.--A schematic of the sampling train used by EFA Is shown in figure 104-1. Commercial models of this train are available, although construction details are described in APTZR- C58I* and operating and malnteiamee pro cedures are described in APTD-0678. The components essential to this sampling train are the following; 2.1.1 TTozzle.--Stainless steel or glass with sharp* tapered leading edge. 2.12" Probe.--Sheathed Pyres1 glass.- A beating system capable of maintaining a mln-tmunr gas temperature In the* range of 4.52 Sample at a minimum rate of 0A ftVmin. Samples shaJt be> taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to deter mine the mayirmim emissions which would ' * 1. Principle and applicability--l.l Prin ciple.--Beryllium emissions are* isokinetically sampled from the source, arut the- collected the stack temperature at the probe outlet during sampling may be used, to prevent ronrifn<iA.Maru from ru?t?\irrlng , occur la a 24-houx^ period. In the case of cyclic operations* sufficient, tests shall be made so as to allow determination or calcu lation of the emissions, which would, occur over the duration of the: cycle. A -minimum. sampling time of 2. hours is recommended. 4A4 AIL pertinent data should be ha- eluded in the test report. - 1ft Sample recovery--4.&A It in recom mended that all glassware be preeleaned. os In ( 4.4.1. Sample recovery should also be performed In an area free of possible beryl lium contamination. When, the sampling train la moved, exercise care to prevent breakage and contamination. Set aside a por tion of the acetone used in the sample re covery as a blank for analysis. The total amount of acetone used should be measured for accurate blank correction. Blanks can be. eliminated if prior analysis shows negligible amounts. 4.8.2 Remove the filter and any loose par ticulate matter from fitter holder and place in a container. 4.&3 Clean the probe with acetone and a brush or long rod and cotton balls. Wash into the container. Wash out the filter holder with acetone and add to the same container. 4.7 Analysis.--4.7.1 Make the necessary row* preparation of samples and analyze lor beryl lium. Any currently acceptable method such, Figure 104-1. BerylTiurn sampling train as atomic absorption, spectrographic, fiuorometric, chromatographic* or equivalent may be used. 6. Calibration and standards--5.1 Sam- pling train.--5.1.1 As a procedural check* sampling rate regulation should, be compared with & dry gas meter* spirometer*, rotameter (calibrated for prevailing atmospheric con ditions7, or equivalent, attached to nozzle inlet of the complete sampling train. 5.1.2 Data from this test and calculations should be shown in test report. 52 Analysis.--5.2.1 Standardization Is made as suggested by the manufacturer of the Instrument or the procedures for the. analytical method. 6. Calculations--6.1 Total beryllium emis sion. Calculate the total amount of beryl lium emitted from each stack per day by equation 103-2. This equation is applicable for continuous operations. For cyclic opera tions, use only the time per day each stack is m operation. The total beryllium emis sions from a source will be the summation of results from all stacks. 2.1.3 Pitot tube.--Type S (figure 104-2), or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 per cent over the working range, attached to probe to monitor stack gas velocity. 2.1.4 Filter holder--Pyrex glass. The filter holder must provide a positive seal against leakage from outside or around the filter. JL heating system capable of maintaining the filter at a minimum temperature in tberang* ct the stack, temperature map be' used fe> prevent condensation from occurring, 2.1.5 Impingers.--Four Greenburg-Smlth impingers connected in series with glass ball Joint fittings. The first; thirty and fourth Impingers may be modified by replacing the tip with a Vi-inch l.d. glass tube extending to one-half Inch from the bottom of the flask. 2.1.6 Metering system.--Vacuum gauge, leakless pump, thermometers capable of measuring temperature to within. 5* F. dry gas meter with 2 percent accuracy, and re lated equipment, described in APTD-0581, to maintain, an Isokinetic sampling rate and* to determine sample volume. 2.1.7 Barometer.--To measure atmos pheric pressure to + 01 la Hg. 22 Measurement of stack conditions (stacle pressure, temperature, moisture andvelocity)--2.2.1 Pitot tube.--Type S, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent over the working range. - ^ # 222 differential pressure gauge.--In clined manometer, or equivalent* to measure velocity head* to within. 10- percent of theminimum value. 1 These, documents are available for a nom inal coat from the National Technical In formation Service, U.S. Department of Com merce* 5285 Fort Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 2215U 2 Mention of trade names on specific prod ucts does not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. FEDERAL-ftEGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022142 RULES AND REGULATIONS mi however, most sample sites differ to some degree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are re quired to Insure the best possible sample site. Further, since beryllium 13 hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of beryllium to be collected is quite small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent* contami nation or. loss of sample. 4.2 Selection of a sampling site and mini mum number of traverse points. 4.2.1 Select a suitable sampling site that Is as close as practicable to the point of at mospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot In diameter should not be sampled. 4.2.2 The sampling site should be at least 8 stack or duct diameters downstream and 2 diameters upstream from any flow disturb ance such as a bend, expansion or contrac tion. For a rectangular cross-section, deter mine an equivalent diameter from the following equation: D,=2LW L+W where: D. = equivalent diameter L=length W=width eq. 104-1 NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS UPSTREAM' (DISTANCE A} 0 S 1.0 1.b 2.0 2-5 perature to within 5* F, 2.2.4 Pressure gage,--Pilot tube and In clined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack pressure to within 8.1 In Hg. 2.2.5 Moisture determination.--Wet and dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, con densers, or equivalent, to determine stack gas moisture content to within 1 percent. 2.3 Sample recovery--2.3.1 Probe cleaning rod,--At least as long as probe. 2.3.2 Leakiest glass sample bottles.--500 ml. 2.3.3 Graduated cylinder.--250 ml. 2.3.4 Plastic jar.--Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysts--2.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.--To measure absorbance at 234.8 nm. Perkin Elmer Model 303, or equivalent, with NaO/acetylene burner. 2.4.2 Hot plate. 2.4.3 Perchloric acid fume hood. 3. P.eagents--3.1 Stock reagents.--3.1.1 Hydrochloric acid.--Concentrated. 3.1.2 Perchloric acid.--Concentrated, 70 percent. 3.1.3 Nitric acid.--Concentrated. 3.1.4 Sulfuric acid.--Concentrated. 3.1.5 Distilled and deionized water. 3.1.6 Beryllium powder.--98 percent mini mum purity. 3.2 Sampling--3.2.1 Filter. -- Milllpore AA, or equivalent. It is suggested that a Whatman 41 filter be placed Immediately against the back side of the Milllpore filter as a guard against breaking the Milllpore filter. In the analysis of the filter, the What man 41 filter should be included with the MUlipore filter. 3.2.2 Silica gel.--Indicating type, 6 to 16 mesh, dried at 350* F for 2 hours. 3.2.3 Distilled and deionized water. 3.3 Sample recovery--3.3.1 Distilled and deionized water. 3.3.2 Acefone.--Reagent grade. 3.3.3 Wash acid.--1.1 V/V hydrochloric acid-water. 3.4 Analysis.--3.4.1 Sulfuric acid solu tion, 12 N.--Dilute 333 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to l 1 with distilled water. 3.4.2 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acidwater. 3.5 Standard beryllium solution--3.5.1 stock solution.--X Mg/ml beryllium. Dis solve 10 mg of beryllium in 80 ml of 12 N sulfuric acid solution and dilute to a volume of K *0 .v.! with distilled water. Dilute a 10 ml \,*v li 0 ml with 25 p-rc<*:it V V i.ydrochi'.r:c a? d. .iving a concentration of 1 i-z ml. This dilute stock solution should be prepared fresh daily. Equivalent strength (m beryllium) stock solutions may be prepared from beryllium salts as BeCl. and Be(NO )3 t03 percent minimum purity)*. 4. Procedure. 4.1 Guidelines for source testing are detailed in the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable; NUMBER OF DUCT DIAMETERS DOWNSTREAM* (DISTANCE Bi Figure iqi-3. Minimum numoet ot traverse points. F!gur* 104-4* Cross section of circular slack showing'lOttUOrt of traverse points on perpendicular diameters. 4.2.4 Some sampling situations may ren der the above sampling site criteria Imprac tical. When this is the case, choose a con venient sampling location and use figure 104-3 to-determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 104-3 only for stacks 1 foot In diameter or larger. 4.2.5 To use figure 104-3, first measure the distance from the chosen sampling lo cation to thQ nearest upstream and down stream disturbances. Divide this distance by the diameter or equivalent diameter to deter mine the distance in terms of pipe diameters. Determine the corresponding number of traverse points for each distance from fig ure 104-3. Select the higher of the two num bers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the ntimber is a multiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria of 4.2.3 When the above sampling site cri teria c.ui he met. the minimum number of traverse points is four (4) for stacks 1 foot In diameter or less, eight (8) for stacks larger than 1 foot but 2 feet in diameter or less, and 'twelve (12) for stacks larger than 2 feet. 4.2.6 If a ^elected sampling point is closer than l inch from the stack wall, adjust the location of that point to ensure that the sample is taken at least 1 inch away from the wall. 4.3 Cross-sectional layout and location of traverse points. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022143 8848 RULES AND REGULATIONS lO fjjjr*t* B rI* alo i T2j *o- js a js| 5 ** 5 Tcd o at* SSl d ** A o-- tC~o i 731 ; tf*iw. 45=:v0V AS--s-- io* -* o O _ SS? dfiso J-. S*<d Sto "-4 3 2* 5-S2 cob" 2* 3*> MCi CLa^ --5na4*.1 _ a 2d to --' A"s3 ^o--* *tdc?> ada-> nTHo?a 5 o1 S.S " = 230 3*153 S$aSl o 2 2 j hi u J-J3 O5 w -s ^ ^ *2tni a au.a "wa -oa oj>> r-- 8 Sa " 23 Sd r? iu 3f.iSvj d Ca Uo &.!4 " g q r g A >* 5 B & v d w tr> d41 *41 l< >UeP-3'. Pi8= oV-. ToQT,ki^?.fS.* d ,1af3i -? - r -- & auAj*c S <3 . c - **Ai 2?o8 S35*c 2.8 3s xj c 2 o J, O 4J 2rt w **"3> ad O 22jl| IgP 21*g g S S %g f o * * 4) ca O^ iSSc;." J ^d U cD O3 ,, g5p 5ss|f 5 S I Efrs 2d 25g o g S "53 os d u 2* -555 03>9 OOg ^ g`5 H 3 S - 'f t5do 4`a1-ac uo o>o|236 |< M oo ad O-? rt bos u a. dd t L d t o O fcO PJ c ^4^)o3a. a d 1 S" MV,t Bw, 1wL ^ -fO-t 3 dvt, o0 C^ 2-oao, pipe ag,,o. S^ na E 5 5-g S sal2! - 2^ g * ftA a - ** - v _ a 2 Mu (S d ^ i2s 3o "2 i i s "0O o-2: a/* e " 2 &s35 <ja *5a dS * aa. s *4 -_M 3 o 1 d ^.O. ,wrt aw . C a>S o DD H fi *o C^ Jv3 --ffit 0uO1 ^lu) *a> Xw 4 ft* i3 2g&8S^gg o. H-- S * og isSfiSSj a n3 a 2.- 3_ 5>*- -o s c 5 sfl s *303 ,^ " n3 O eS 5 o ga _, s,, o s ag-ter**sn*2Sg?> i^33 22S o gS^S-Ba sx,,w T3ii 3 = ^- eu3tf*itCril 3"Cfi. JgXj x aE ., p2 I a|O!SBdSO c 3 g 3 s < "2 g s 'Sfi ^uojjaU "aU"3 --n"-d^ T--w3 T0) fri > +a => ad --c ^d 5d ^s C dC ud> a. l ' 3' x: So o*- 5o J Ad 3 a s* ^ , s alaM^ 5 /ssc o |! 1 a a : ; 8 i `i 1113 12 ii s Ii isr SS 3g S3.' n 5\ rS3 o*I* 3.5 II i/ |p. Si jl 3'2 IllN5? 2 ^ < O * ~~ a III * 53^5 5S 0. Uai s x4 sC 1 = r. S ua: S3J ti-i. ss! 2l 151* 5 i <* A 5? JS3' ao otoj r* Ua^ & 3dda^^^^p3, oC. * p XJ Ta g- 2. *3 d S 10 ^ gJSs*5 2 3a y2-gg a2 * -o a g ta- a b) 3 S go C W sia&frS oc S5 2 ao Z -ed a* 5Sj 3 xoi 4* ^ "o. a a _ H3 8o -Ema2 a M& d d . a S sa g 23g o " o 053 3C3 S a >, 3 * ** a ^ o a * t> d 'X *? o. 53"?!" - yg^joWu a9- & -- d D g - S CoMS c SXflSS S 43 O HI. I to t'PiU5^ lSs> *>^c|a* ?s^ -ci 5.i-`*Jfe"aE-53-aaSSSP swSsfsag--^ 8S?|-S."|lE.iS fpi-a.ofiti-*dJ*iTCJ- JaS't^onSd w??b^>-tBdrdH c* . *' >i _ M ' *OE3*,dwS5cSr,2pa^i^dS.tiiS>caSd2-PSpnr 22S^2aS" "2l5 aa :d?h d"ao;dli<1 " V?f S 8 n,a-*'Sog0e|Pg-S M (X3j^w P. fc. O J3 ci eg eg 1. u *Eo c 4u-> cj tn a\ tn w r-> d- 0 CM CO CO CM CO O to 07 CO tn. u> CO 07 r* 07 in 0 r* rr~o to rOi ro P eg 07 O rto. PCM> r. C0O CO 0tn3. 0C7O 07 07 07 Ol f-- in 0 h* to to a CO rm tn <0 r- in 07 eg 0 07 07 tn r-- n CO l-" d* rC--O r" to CO 0CO7 0 tmo rCO. rC>O eg co CO CO 07 07 07 07 ro 0 r>> Cl in O to CO CM r 0 to in l <0 _ r~ ro 10 o> eg to *" O eing 0 CCOO to 07 etn* 07 rs CCOO fCOs 007 Cl 07 07 CO to eg co r CM tn to r- *r r r0--* r--r r0-0 ro <n 0m7 ra-> to CO CuO> e0g\ 0CM7 07 07 to 0. in m Cl' O n tn tn f' 0 0 00 r--j to eg eeog CO etog CO in in _ 07 ca r> 01 to r* at to 4* r 07 4* CO CM to 07 eOg eg rtoo rtoo IrNo 07 r> in CO O07 07 07 45 S I-* T*J "o 5 d c |ll Sf- m la *0 dc i* u c l . 4S c5 S S -- 3 S = Sgcyuj IlgS|s 6Elg e2 g " Ha E-S.i3"c2 t* En m *1 Tj d n * 3 u**m0 ac 2u *a2 SV S5xjg*0'| 2 "" S c TJ bo C as5ai J5 3 _ . SSS,,32*S "'i *?-s 5 t 2 m13 l.S^ 4a5 *3 xo _sc " s _ 6,8 s-8 $>fiOOo^. ~o eSud S d 0 jo* <3 * U w-n* 5d 8C nu*g liju 5 8><g taAti`Q,oc' - >. g > liilp sS.s Q2|p Sogag's A 0, p v o w d* ^ S <2 M "fi *1 Ud X f- CO 0 *u in O CO CM CO 07 O N tn f> teng ctno to tn N eo r0o7 07 50** ASno,*-n <50ih-5ftAw ? d a A mCPn T f1t ? t*. in eg ox 09 tor-** toeegg eg <0 CO ttno ** frN> * tCnO CO 07 in r07 O p> m e> r*v to m r- O CO r0-* Ov eeg to 0CO <CTO tCo7> o A d aH n q +j it a 1 d 41 j, O ;Xc_T id-CijOoTgt?* ^9 e>i42:d 5t* 5g a Ev 2 11 r; g ** * 1 raS 5 l t. i5> i "g "Can A c > *;uV 5 r>> in in r) to to r #- Cegl r0-s in in7 1 0 0 CO to Leng irn> m o> 8 eS^s S2^ ^2i Sffg* ovS' iw1O=. ;ds lg3- J(< p^XrSt w 3 0 - 3 ^ -1: ^ igsa '-- d 9 il"^,-L ,,.. 3sc'to*S.; . g33gs2t;g;; - a a5 _. c a = i to d* o * 2 o o eg rf tCnO o C. s8w S-- w"2gw d r > 5 u ,, 3 = Si s d-i c * d L0gj-nC-- jOa d4J00 h o 1--" M O d* 10 <g> TV <0 <n O r rC-M rC*O Ir-t rtr--> *t--o C" 1C--O vrt~ OIM C--M* CCMM m .gCM CM pf s g!S 2C.fri ">j"x o --n d Abco<Jo:cii A InS 5?: C 0 0 o ^ ^ .'"i P, d V -a 3 V* CAPCO JEN 0022144. RULES AND REGULATIONS 8849 from the itack and handle in accordance with the `.ample recovery process described in 4.7. 4 7 Sample recovery.'--1.7.1 (All glass storage bottles and the graduated cylinder must be precleaned as In 5 4 5.1.) This opera tion should be performed In an area free of possible beryllium contamination. When the sampling train is moved, care must be exer cised to prevent breakage and contamination. 4.7.2 Disconnect the probe from the tmpinger train. Remove the filter and any loose particulate matter from the filter holder and place In a sample bottle. Place the contents (measured to 1 ml) of the first three tmpingers Into another sample bottle. Rinse the probe and all glassware between it and the back half of the third Implnger with water and acetone, and add this to the latter sam ple bottle. Clean the probe with a brush or a long slender rod and cotton balls. Use acetone while cleaning. Add these to the sample bot tle. Retain a sample of the water and acetone as a blank. The total amount of wash water and acetone used should be measured for ac curate blank correction. Place the silica gel in the plastic Jar. Seal and secure all sample containers for shipment. If an additional test is desired, the glassware can be carefully dou ble rinsed with distilled water and reassem bled. However, if the glassware Is to be out of use more than 2 days, the initial acid wash procedure must be followed. 4.8 Analysis. 4.8.1 Apparatus preparation.^Clean all glassware according to the procedure of sec tion 4.5.1, Adjust the instrument settings according to the Instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 234.8 nm. 4.8.2 Sample preparation.-^The digestion of beryllium samples is accomplished in part in concentrated perchloric acid. Caution: The analyst must insure that the sample Is heated to light brown fumes after the Initial nitric acid addition; otherwise, dangerous perchlorates may result from the subsequent perchloric acid digestion. Perchloric acid also should be used only under a perchloric acid hood. 4.8.2.1 Transfer the filter and any loose particulate matter from the sample container to a 150 ml beaker. Add 35 ml concentrated nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy all or ganic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid and 5 ml concentrated perchloric acid. Then pro ceed with step 4.8.2.4. 4.8 2.2 Place a portion of the water and acetone sample into a 150 ml beaker and put on a hotplate. Add portions of the remainder as evaporation proceeds and evaporate to dry ness. Cool the residue and add 35 ml concen trated nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy any organic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid, and 5 ml concentrated perchloric acid. Then pro ceed with step 4.8.2.4. 4.8 2.3 Weush the spent silica gel and re port to the nearest gram. 4.8 2.4 Samples from 4.8 2.1 and 4.8,2.2 may be combined here for e.u>e of analysis. Replace on a hotplate and evaporate to dry ness in a perchloric acid hood. Cool and dis solve the residue in 10.0 ml of 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid. Samples are now ready for the atomic absorption unit. The beryllium concentration of the sample must be within the calibration range of the unit. If necessary, further dilution of sample with 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid must be performed to bring the sample within the calibration range. 4.8.3 Ueryllium determination.--Analyze the samples prepared In 4.8.2 at 234.8 nm using a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. Alumi num. siltcon and other elements can Inter fere with this method if present In large quantities. Standard methods are available, however, to effectively eliminate these Inter ferences (see Reference 5). 5. Calibration--5.1 Sampling train.-- 5.1.1 Use standard methods and equipment as detailed in APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate qieter, pitot tube, dry gas meter and probe heater (if used). Recalibrate prior to each test series. 5.2 Analysts.--5J2.1 Standardization is made with the procedure as suggested by the manufacturer with standard beryllium solu tion. Standard solutions will be prepared from the stock solution by dilution with 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid. The linearity of working range should be established with a series of standard solutions. If collected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Standards should be Interspersed with the samples since the calibration can change slightly with time. 6. Calculations--6.1 Average dry gas meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pres sure and average orifice pressure drop.--See. data sheet (figure 104-6). 6.2 Dry gas volume.--Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to stack conditions by using equation 104-2. 6.3 Volume of water vapor. W --K V, T -- eq. 104-3 where: V* TMVolume of water vapor in ih gas sample (stack condition;.), fi*. K',,=0.o>J67 --m--rlj'ritr~ when these units are used, Vi^Total.volume of liquid collected in Imphtgers and sili-. gel ($**e fignro 104--7), ml. T,=s Av*T,we Mark gas temperature, H. P,=Sijrk pjeso-ure, i'b.riiUitic pressure, in Ug. 6.4 Total gas volume. V,.ul=v,,, + v,,. eq. 104-4 where: 1 0 Total volume of gas sample (Mack conditions), ft*. V.., =sVolume of gas through dry gas raster (stack conditions), ft*. Volume o( water vapor In gas sample (Mack conditions), It*. 6.5 Stack gas velocity. Use equation 104-5 to calculate the stack, gas velocity. cq. 104-5 where: (c.)**!.TMAverage stack gas velocity, feet per Second. a- -as uiL ( lMnHg V" p ' sec \lb moIe-R*iuIIiO./ * when these units are used. C,= Pitot tube coefficient, dimensionless. (T.) .rc."Average stack gas temperature, R. Average square root or the velocity head , ofstackgasUnlljOJ^Csee figure 101-8). P,-Stack pressure. Pb.f=bstatlc pressure, in Hg. .1/=*Molf\ular weight of si ick gas i'w*t hvdq, the summation of the products of tin* mnlri uhr weight of e\-li rom|ion>Mit multiplied by its volumetric psoportion in the mixture, lb/Uwnolu. VOLUME Of UOUID VATE* COLLECTED aviNGn Volume. nJ SILICA Gtt HEIGHT, q cq.104-2 where; yfcas sample through the dry gas meter (M-i-k conditions), ft1. V,, = Volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), it*. T Average temperature of stack gas, aR. = Average dry gas meter temperature, *R. Fb.f"T)aronietric pressure at the orifice meter. In Tig. Average pressure drop across the oriQce meter, in IhO. 13.6=Specific gravity of mercury. P,=Stack pressure, Pb*r =b static pressure, in Hg. FINAL INITIAL ifooio collected TOTAL VOLUME COLUCTIO S*| kJ *coNVnicwronrATEiiTOvotuvEr divitling total utaht INCREASE rr DENSITY Of HATtJL |J $/<}: '3 Figure 104*7. Analytical data. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 66--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022145 8850 RULES END REGULATIONS. PLANT._________________________________________ DATE. ___________________ 6.8 Isokinetic variation. (comparison of ` - velocity of gas in probe tip to stack velocity). ' . J XOOV..U. RUN NO._______________________________ . STACK DIAMETER, in. __________________ __ BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, in. Hg;______________ STATIC PRESSURE IN STACK (Pg), in. Hg. eq. 104r-!T where: I* Percent of isokinetic sampling. Vwui-Total volume of gas sample (stack conditions); .4,,--Probe tip area ftt Sampling time, sec. (v.) *#." Average stack gas velocity, feet per second. OPERATORS___________ _________________________ Traverse point number Velocity head, ,-in. H20 , vs; SCHEMATIC OF STACK CROSS SECTION Stack. Temperature IV>"* __________1_ 7. Evaluation of results--7.1 Determina tion of compliance.--7X1 Each performance test shall consist of three repetitions of the applicable* test- method. For the purpose of determining compliance with an applicable national: emission standard, -the average of results of all repetitions shall apply. 7J2 Acceptable Isokinetic results.--7,34 The following range seta the limit on accept able isokinetio sampling results: IX 90 percent ^1^110 percent, the result. are acceptable; otherwise, reject the test and repeat. T. References.--1. Addendum to Specifica tions for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facil ities, PHS, NCAPC, December 6, 1967. 2. Amos. M. D., and Willis. J. B,, "Use of High-Temperature Pre-Mixed Flame in. Atomic' Absorption Spectroscopy," Spectro- chlm. Acta, 22: 1325,1966. - 3. Determining Dust Concentration In: a Gaar Stream, ASMH Performance Test Code No. 27, New Tort; if.Y,, 1957. 4. Devorkin, Howard et al.t Air PoUutloa Source Testing Manual, Air Pollution Control District, Dos Angeles, Calif. November 1963. 5. Fleet, B,, Liberty, K. and West, T. 3.. "A Study of Some Matrix Effects in the Deter mination of Beryllium by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene " Flame," Talanta, 17 : 203,1970. 6. Marie, L. S., Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1951. 7. Martin, Robert M., Construction Details of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Protection Agency, APTD058L. 8. Methods for Determination of Telocity, Volume, Dust and Mist Content of Gases, Western Precipitation Division of Joy Manu facturing Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Bulletin WF-50, 1968. 9. Perkin Elmer Standard Conditions (Rev. March 1971). 10. Perry, J. EL, Chemical Engineers' Hand book, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y,, 1960. AVERAGE: IX. Rem, Jerome J., Maintenance, Calibra tion, and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment, Environmental Pro tection Agency, APTD-0676. Figure 104-8. Velocity traverse data. Figure 104-8 shows a sample recording sheet for velocity traverse data. Use the aver ages In the last two columns of figure 104-8 to determine the average stack gas velocity from equation 104-5. 6.6 Beryllium collected.--Calculate the total weight of beryllium collected by using equation 1C4-6. Wt n ViCi - V*C* - VC-.eq. 104-6 where: iw*=Toinl u^ight of beryllium collected. V'ii=To*..\l volume of hydrochloric acid from step 4.8.2.4, ml. Ci --Concentration of beryllium found In sample, jig, ml. V* = Total volume of water used In sam pling (implnger contents plus all wash amounts), ml. C- = Blank concentration of beryllium In water, ng/znl. V*=Total volume of acetone used In sam pling (all wash amounts), ml. C:=Blank concentration of beryllium in acetone, ug/ml. 6.7 Total beryllium emissions.--*Calculate the total amount of beryllium emitted from each stack per day by equation 104r*7. This equation is applicable for continuous opera tions. For cyclic operations, use only the time per day each stack is in operation. The total beryllium emissions from a source will be the summation of results from all stacks. p_ irf(t\)aw^l, v56,400 >vconds/riay ' " I'xr.l '' 10' >*S/g erj. 104-7 TVhl'fP' H - Rale of emission, g;clav. Total \wiplii ol b^rilbo/n collected, pjj. V*K,ii=Total volume of gas sample lsi.u.k ^.omlitions), a*. (r.)*.*,-Avcraee stack gas velocity, feet per second. yt,= Slack ar^a, ft1. 12. Shlgehara, R. T., W. F. Todd, and W. S, Smith, Significance of Errors in Stack Sam pling Measurements, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, Mo., June 14-19, 1970. 13. Smith, W. S. et al.. Stack Gas Sam pling Improved and Simplified with New Equipment, APCA Paper No. 67-119, 1967, 14. Smith, W. S., R. T. Shlgehara, and W. F. Todd, A Method of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data. Paper presented at the 63d annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Sc. Lotus, Mo., June 14--19, 1970. 15. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities, PHS, NCAPC, 1967. 16. Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter, In: 1971 Book of ASTM standards. Part 23, Philadelphia. 1971, ASTM Designation D-2928-7I. 17. Vennard, J. K. Elementary Fluid Me chanics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1947. [FR Doc. 73-6423 Filed 4-5-73:8:45 am] FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 30, NO. 64--FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1973 CAPCO JEN 0022146