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HW88-0011357 g industrial fiycrien^ Digest (J^d. Hyp*' JARs mimmrsmgmm ,v||;;'. m: ' -v- ' A ^'^^V `: ..^`-J ^tf'S^.XfixV v }i rs&SJr&l rsj] 3UEC >und5 B! PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 'F- /ss *>v *' li ftf M ?Industrial Hyyiene Foundation assumleess^no responsibility for statements in articles "abstracted tothfe - ' ' i'C'j5`.I>igest or for material from -other oryanix&attions wh__i_c_h__,_m ___a_.y be sent to members from t.ime-to t..i.m .....e......:....T....he *;,'0 * : .''.'Di^est'svcondensatee of articles, .as wreaill as literature not oorriiggiinnaattiing twrtithliin--tthiiee-^PFonundatliornL,' are^smadee . '-m. ***-- ,., v -. ' . >-r- :Jdnuarv.-.1945 -.. .Foundation Facta is a monthJy^news^JetteV lasue %-to industrial concerns* heiding^rnemb'erstilp.-ii on ri i Industrial Hygiene. Foundatlon^The^Foundatloj LP* .'-'is a non-profit associationtof^ndustriestfo^th' \ advancement of heatthfuC'workmg^icdhditiont cs cs I CD OS HsU' JC Veterans.iffai^l- Publ-i ^had '-S'I feature :of :ybeing .mailed _............ ^ .. .. ........... ' panel discussioii idu|\iralJed at the Ift&ifitibn* s fclghth .AttfiURl .Meetihg in l3^;aiict\J which was issued'a Sear .ago, separate 3!Ke reul6T Pfbbeedihgs. These com]5atiion .publications areiiailed by authoritiesVeteran rehabilitation as two of the most .practical and .Valuable .reports yet issued-on the subject* '.^tV- Other Publications in Press . N .Instead of printing the "ProcSedingp of the 1944 Annual Meeting in one 'pub---' ' .lication, as in the past, the material -will be published in several, separate -reports; to make for more efficient cireulatiorVVThe veterans'panel constitutes Part I?. The . . next part will be the panel discussion^oh '"Sickness Indemnification." "This will be. followed by tbe legal Section of .the^program at the annual meeting and the Medical";. *and Engineering Sections. The insurance and logal reports will be published shortly*; USPf/zX..- v New Book-oh. Industrial Environment ' - ' J.M. BallaValle, a member of the Foundations Engineering Committee/,, has?-. : ;-{V .completed a book, "The Industrial Environment and Its Control," which.is to^be-jp^b-j.lished this Spring. The book is divided In two parts, (a) The Worker'.s Ehviro.nii\eatv*Y;'rVV^ (b) Control of the Environment. For further information address the FoundatIoh.'02fV,i^V-v-^.-V'p*iAv. Dr. BallaValle at 70 Pine St.,.New York City. Reprints Available on Medical Service in Industry -mmJ-*~A - . .v The Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Association has,, at our request, provided the Foundation with a supply of reprints of its recently revised report on "Medical Service in Industry, Industrial Health Examinations." Members interested in equijment and procedures for physical examinations should have this report. Copies may be secured from the Foundation. The Council has cancelled its annual Congress on Industrial Health, whichwas scheduled for February 15-15 in Chicago, in compliance with the recent order of the Office of Defense Transportation respecting national meetings. Membership Certificates Membership Certificates for 1945 are now being lettered and Msnbers will receive the certificates as rapidly as they can be completed. Many companies are requesting sufficient copies to post in their various plants or in different sec tions of a single plant. Members may secure as many certificates as required for their needs. .Maintain Manpower! 03118439: INDUSTRIAL HYS1CNC FOUNDATION ` 4400 FIFTH AVCNUI FrrrsauROH (<). pa. January, 1945 Vol. IX. No. 1 Industrial 4400 Fifth Pittsburgh s Sygiene Foundation* Avenue 13, Pennsylvania 2 i 03 03 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News /-\ o.i> News Items 1 Occupational Diseases in Wisconsin in 1943. The Industrial Commission of Wisconsin reports that "diseases of occupations or other non-accidental injuries" accounted for 1,647 cases, or 5.5# of the total of 30,185 compensable injury cases settled.in that State in 1943. The 1,647 injury cases claimed 95,629 lost work days and $150,118 in indemnity paid. The cases occurred in the following industries: Manufacturing industries.. Government agencies............. Wholesale and Retail Trade 78# 7# 6# Construction industries. *. 5# Service industries...... d 5# All other industries.....?^ Dermatitis and silicosis were the most costly. There were 775 dermatitis*oases for which indemnity paid was $36,443. While there were only 4 alllorxlt oases for which indemnity was paid, this amounted to $28,279. -- Industrial Ocmeission of Wisconsin, Stat. Release No. 3150 (November 20, 1944) 2 Women of U.S. Steel. The January, 1945 issue of If.S. Steel News pays tribute to women workers in Indus* try, pointing out that they are filling "jobs requiring braim, skill and technical knowledge." The number of women who have gone into industry, the publication con tinues, "even into the so-called ? heavy-industries* where women were Tirtually unknown save in office work, is one of the wonders of the war. In the United States Steel Corporation and its subsidiary compenies, there a$e stow more than 40,000 women employees--15,000 in office occupations and 25,000 directly engaged in production. One out of every eight employees of United States Steel is & mem ber of the fair sex." 3 The Unfinished Story. The task of the National Safety Council "is that of integrating safety into the daily lives of 130 million people. In its broadest sense, this means making safety as much a part of individual life as brushing the teeth, washing the hands* , keeping well, eating three meals. It means making safety-as much a pert of com* munity life as public health service, municipal playgrounds, police protection, sewage disposal, cleaning the streets..... It means making safety as much a part " of national life as soil conservation, social security, flood control*" "We know ; that we have proved methods of preventing accidents already available..... The real problem facing us is that of gaining nationwide acceptance of safety as a part of the design for living." -- N.H. Dearborn. Nat. Safety News, 17^ 76,76 (November, 1944) 4 Injunction to Force Abatement of Atmospheric Pollution. The mayor of a New Jersey city has asked that court action be taken to force a pigment plant in the city to end the nuisance caused by sulfur dioxide gas maaaating from the plant. This action followed a conference between the city officials* 03118440 r~; Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 January, 1945g ca the plant superintendent, and members of the New Jersey Bureau of Industrial Hygiene which had made a survey of the problem at the request of the city offi* cisls. Ways and means of eliminating this atmospheric pollution were discusseis The msyjr had initiated the survey because of the constant covering of the city with gases from the plant. The research director of the industry explained that increased production due to war needs had overtaxed the plant's equipment to carry away the objectionable gases. Since several months would be needed to obtain the necessary equipment unless urgent action was taken, the city officials decided to use legal measures to insure the city's protection at the earliest possible time- -- Industrial hygiene News Letter, 4, 1 (December, 1944) 5 Proposed Industrial Health Service Act. In response to several requests from State divisions of industrial hygiene for a statement of desirable provisions for State industrial hygiene laws, a "Proposed Industrial Health Service Act" has been prepared and sent to all the States. This proposed Act states the duties of a State agency in regard to the investigation of places of employment and the adoption of rules and regulations pertaining to the control of industrial health hazards. It specifies actions that should be considered violations, namely, denial of access of health department representa tives to industry, and the use of harmful materials known +* *angnTmm to tfrrT~'" health of the workers. Requirement of reporting of occupational disease* to the State division of industrial hygiene by physicians is also included in l&e pro posed Act's provisions. -- Industrial..hygiene News Letter, 4, 4 {December, 1944} cleaning Castings in Grove City Foundry. During the existence of the foundry industry the cleaning room, with its dual dirt and noise has always been a necessary evil and, until recent years was accep ted as such with little or no action taken to correct conditieme. Our foundry was no exception. It was dirty, hazardous and the source of our greatest produc tion bottleneck. All these objectionable features were well known, and frowned upon by management who decided to do something toward improving the situation* Early last year ground was broken for the installation of a complete ifcrdro-Blast System. The equipment was put into operation late in the mnrnner and since thorn the cleaning room has been converted into a healthy place to work and so longer is classed as a dust hazard. Castings ard now shaken-out and ianediatoly placod in the Hydro-Blast Room where they are subjected to a combination of send and water, fed through a special hose at a velocity of three miles per minute. Too operators, attired in rubber suits and helmets resesohliag deep sea divers, handle the cleaning within the room. This operation combines the function of prolonged arduous and dirty preliminary hand knock-out with the sand blasting operation which normally followed the knock-out. Another new improvmaent toward making the foundry hygienlcally qafer is the recent installation of 2$. large motor-driven ventilators whereby air is changed twice each minute throughout the satire foundry The Hydro-Blast, mentioned above, represents but one of. many projects completed or contemplated at both our plants to facilitate and speed-up production and im prove working conditions throughout the shops. -- The Cooper-Bessemer Hews, 2, No. 4 (1944) Research on Brucellosis in Latin America. 03118441 Two monographs recently published in Latin America, one by a Mexican author and the ether by three physicians in Uruguay. These monographs supply informat' n on the type of disease (brucellosis) found in each country. Treatment of the bacteriologic, immunologic and clinical angles of the disease, and data on the choice of the best laboratory methods and new personal technics are described. -- J.A.M.A., 126 . 9 62 (December 9, 1944) (See also Abst. No. 28) Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 Occupational Disease Statistics January, CSI vB P") 194! ts I QD CD 8 Occupational Disease Statistics* Calif.2 Oct. 1944 Asthma Benzol and Derivatives Poisoning Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 1 Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning 1 Chlorine Poisoning Conjunctivitis 235 Dermatitis 415 Electric Opthalmia Hernia Inflammatory Conditions 123 Lead Absorption Lead Poisoning 6 Metal Fume Fever 5 Miscellaneous Pneumoconiosis (exclusive of silicosis) Poisoning, N.O.C. 14 Pulmonary and Bronchial Affections 5 Silicosis Silico Tuberculosis Silico Tuberculosis (with torulosis!) Temperature and Pressure Extremes 5 Toluene and Derivatives Poisoning Trichloroethylene Intoxication (acute) Tuberculosis (due to contact) Typhus Fever Upper Respiratory Affections 1 Totals 811 Ind.2 Dec. 1944 33 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 48 Mich.2 Dec. 1944 56 6 2 2 12 8 86 Ohio1 Nov. 1944 2 1 2 1 424 10 09 1 31 1 1 683 Totals o 1 1 3 1 235 928 4 6 1 125 $4 ; 18 5 209 12 15 5 39 1 1 5 . 1 2 1 1 1 1628 (1) Occupational Disease Claims filed with the Industrial Comission. The claims resulted in 52,880 man days lost, including 5 deaths from silicosis and one with cause not specified. (2) Occupational Disease Cases filed with the Health Department. 03118442 Industrial Hygiene Digest - <1 Legal Developments January, m r-j 1J35 e o I OS CO 9 Policemans Exposure to Cold as Aggravation of Buerger*s Disease, A part-time policeman who ordinarily walked his patrol of the streets cr more frequently used his own automobilo, borrowed and used a motorcycle to escort at the direction of the burgess, a funeral procession on a day when the temperature was 29 degrees. A cold numbness and whiteness which he noticed in his fingers while at the cemetery recurred frequently in cool weather and eventually led to amputation of two fingers, whereupon it was discovered that the policeman was a victim of Buerger's Disease, characterized by poor circulation of the extremities. Although aggravation of the Buerger's Disease, to such an extent, would be com pensable if aggravated by accident, it was held that the temperature of 29 degrees and the wind velocity of 12 miles per hour did not constitute exposure to such ex treme conditions as to constitute an accident, especially in view of medical testi mony that exposure to slight cold was sufficient to aggravate the pre-existing disease. -- Rathmell v. Borough of Wosleyville. Pennsylvania Supraae Cdurt, Western District. No. 137, March Teim, 1944. November 27, 1944. (CCH)* '%4 10 Compensability of TNT Poisoning; Jury Question. Although.the insurer contended that the disability of an employee whe suffered from the effects of TNT poisoning was not the result of accidental injury but of disease, occupational or otherwise, thereby hot being compensable, the fact that there was evidence to show that during a period of about fifteen days the employee had been exposed to greater concentrations of 1NT dust, fumes, gases, and chemi cals than he usually was, along with some medical testimony as to the probable causal connection between the increased concentrations and the employee's ail ments, was sufficient evidence to raise a Jury quaation. and it was error to direct a verdict against claimant. -- Lowrie v American Surety Co- of Hew York. United States Circuit Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit. No* 10,987*- December 1, 1944. (CCH) 11 Causal Connection Between Heat Prostration and Bnployment. An eward of compensation to the dependents, of a deceased employee was set aside and compensation denied where the award was based on a showing that the employee died as the result of a heart attack or from heat prostration, while engagod In working under and around the eaves of a building, nailing tar paper thereto, and where the solo evidence of heat, other than that produced by the natural rays of the sun, is that the reflected heat from the roof of the building say hate af fected the upper half of decedent's body. -- Williams v. State Compensation Com missioner. West Virginia Supreme Court. No. 9600. October 3, 1944. (CCH) 12 Causal Relation Between Tuberculosis and Injury. 03118443 Although there was a previous finding of causal relation upon which a compensa tion award was made, such finding was not conclusive upon the Industrial Board as to a subsequent finding of lack of causal relation between an accident of December 8, 1939, and disability subsequent to January 17, 1941, due to tuber culosis where there was medical testimony to support the finding of lack of causal relation. The Industrial Board, under its continuing Jurisdiction, could reverse or modify the previous finding. -- Abbate v. S. Ciliuffi &ad J Bertoll- one. New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Judicial Department. No. 214-13. September 20, 1944. (CCH) HWBB-001136/i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 January, 194:5 Bock Reviews and Notices 13 Industrial Toxicology, being the Croonian Lectures for 1942 of the Royal College of Physicians of London* D. Hunter. Oxford Eng., Clarendon Press. 80 pp. Price 10s (1944) Also published under the title "Industrial Toxicology" in Quart. J. Med., 12, 185-258 (Oct., 1943) This book is a comprehensive account of the toxicology of a large number of in dustrial substances known to carry a health risk, including metals, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and the glycol group. 14 State Enabling Legislation for Non-Profit Hospital and Medical Plans., 1944. O.W. Anderson. University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Public Health Economics, Research Series No. 1. 56 pp. (1944) There are laws governing the organization and supervision of non-profit hospital service plans in 32 states and the District of Columbia, and laws dealing with non-profit medical service plans in 14 states. The laws are summarized and analyzed in this pamphlet, which first gives the elements of a representative act, then discusses control and supervision, benefits and services, and popula tion and territory covered. Additional chapters deal briefly with subsequent amendments, legislation proposed and rejected, and develojxa^nts and trends* Ap pendices comprise a model law and a summary of the status/existing legislation, classified by states. 15 Prepayment Medical Care Organizations. Margaret C. Klea. Federal Security Agency, Social Security Board, Bureau of Research and Statistics. Bureau Memo randum No. 55. 2nd Edition. 130 pp. (June, 1944) This report presents a digest of prepayment medical service plans in 219 organi zations in the United States and 11 in Canada. Almost half of the mrtber are industrial plans. The remainder include plans of private group clinics, con sumer-sponsored plans, medical society plans and governmental plans. Each plan description is headed by the name and address of the organization* The type of plan is indicated end the major characteristics of the plan are described. A statistical summary is included in this edition, which shows the number of per sons eligible for care under these organizations in the United States, member ship restrictions, the number of physicians and nurses associated with the or ganizations and the type of care for which members are eligible. There are two indices; in one the organizations are listed alphabetically; in the other by the typo of sponsorship. 16 The Art of Resuscitation. P.J. Flagg, Reinhold Publishing Corp., 330 W. ,42nd St* New York. 453 pp. Price $5.00 (1944) The author describes this book as an attempt, based upon more than 25 years of intimate experience v.lth the unconscious patient, to tell the reader what to do when faced with an acutely asphyxiated patient about to die. "Nothing in the entire field of medicine calls for more understanding and intelligence, for greater calmness and speed combined with a restrained, precise, but strong tech nique." The book presents the subject in seven parts, comprising 31 chapters, three appendices, a bibliography and an index. Part one defines resuscitation and its background. Asphyxia is considered as a generic problem in part two. The remaining parts are: asphyxia as a specific problem; the field of asphyxia and resuscitation; the coordination of gas therapy; and miscellaneous. The author is Chairman of the Committee on Asphyxia, American Medical Association, Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6 J..nujry> 19$S cs and is associated v.ith nine Greater New York Hospitals. Dr. Flagg is outspok on tiie subject of transpharyngeal versus endotracheal insufflation. "If the g principles pointed out by 0*Dwyer ana accepted by Meltzer are considered unwohy of attention or too difficult of application, then transpharyngeal insufflatidS leaves nothing to be desired. If on the other hand, those principles 'stand', transpharyngeal insufflation admittedly goes but part way. The dry, flaccid patient, so treated does not receive the full measure of modem medical service. In the author's opinion, the technique of blind, transpharyngeal insufflation, applied by a face mask, with pressures varying from 15 to 25 mm. of mercury, is both hazardous and unscientific. It is hazardous in ley hands. It is not effi- ~ cient in the hands of the physician. It is to be pointed out, however, that the objections noted are professional rather than mechanical..... The general accept ance of endotracheal insufflation as the method of choice for resuscitation of the flaccid patient is inevitable." There are 176 illustrations throughout the text. The book is an outstanding contribution to medical literature. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 17 The Use of Vaccines for the Common Cold. Council on Pharmacy and Chtfaistry and Council on Industrial Health, Status Report., American liedical Association. J.A.M.A., 126, 895-897 (Dec. 2, 1944) The Committee has made a critical review of the literature on administration of vaccines for prevention or amelioration of common colds, prepared from a variety of bacteria commonly found in the intestinal tract, and after pointing out that only carefully controlled studies have any value, concludes: "Decisive evidence of the value of any vaccine is not forthcoming, and the weight of careful studies clearly indicates that none of the vaccines now available when administered by the routes advised have proved value. Vaccines for colds cannot be recommended for routine administration to industrial groups or to individuals. At present any attempt to prevent colds by the use of vaccines must be recognized as purely experimental, and any proposal tc administer such a vaccine, if given at all, should take this into consideration. As in all measures of a purely experimental nature, the uncontrolled use of any cold vaccine now available should be dis couraged. Industrial physicians are under obligation to employ cold vaccines, if at all, only under the most rigidly controlled conditions and to report their results so thet useless preparations cen be promptly eliminated and further pro gress made." 18 Combating Health Hazards in the ChanHcel Industry. W.J. Burke. Chao. Inds., 55, 369-374 (Sc;t. ,""l944); 565-568 "(Oct. ~1944) This paper is a brief treatise on the various health hazards in the chemical industry, accentuated as they are by wartime production, with especial reference to the author's observation in New York State. It includes: causes of present increase in hazards; classified costs of injury due to haimful substances; methods of entry of contaminants; types of atmospheric contaminants; evaluation of environmental contaminants, with a table of mum allowable concentrations; and a list of unsafe practices. The second installment deals with preventive measures, including medical, engineering and safety control in their various phases. 03118444 Industrial ifygiene Digest - 7 'O SB January, 1945 ^ ss 19 Staphylococcus and Streptococcus Carriers: Sources of Food-Borne Outbreaks in a War Industry, V.A. Getting, A.D. Rubenstein ana G.E. Foley. Am. J. Pub. 'Health 34, 833-840 (Aug., 1944) g Food-borne outbreaks in war plants may become an ever increasing cause of absen-as teeism among workers. Health officers, industrial physicians, and cafeteria managers working cooperatively may accomplish a great deal toward the prevention of food poisoning. It must be borne in mind that although staphylococci and streptococci are found everywhere in the environment, food handlers carrying such organisms in the nose and throat are almost invariably responsible for food- borne outbreaks. In thirteen out of eighteen outbreaks reviewed in this paper, apparently identical organisms were recovered from incriminated food and the nose and throat of food handlers. It is suggested that staphylococcal food-borne out breaks are associated with a high enterotoxic-producing staphylococcus carrier rate among the incriminated food handlers. Three of the outbreaks were produced by alpha-streptococci, tho responsible organism in each instance having been classified according to group precipitation tests (Lancefield). One outbreak had as its etiological agent beta-hauolytic streptococci (Group A--Griffith Type 2). -- Authors* summary. 20 Food Poisoning Caused by Hemolytic Staphylococcus la a Defense Plant. B.J* Slater and J.L. Norris. Am. J. Pub. Health. 34, 854^856 (Aug.. 1944) * Eighty-one workers became ill, some violently so, after eating in the plajffc cafe teria. Great aid was rendered in dispatching the patients to various hospitals by the city Health Officer; also by the chief of the Bwrgency Medical Service of the Civilian Defense Organization. Preliminary treatment in the plant^dis pensary consisted in evacuation of the stomach as quickly as possible* The epi demic was attributed to contamination of corned beef by the infected finger of a food handler. Also, refrigeration was possibly not adequate. The authors ad vise daily inspection of food handlers, and organised Emergency Medical Services in sizeable communities. -- J.I.E.&T. 21 Accident Hazards and Accident Experience in the Refrigeration Industry* V. Appel, O.M. Nanfeldt and P. Reed. Trans. 32nd Nat. Safety Cong., 1^ 562-564, 568-592 (1943) This is a selection of three papers from a symposium on the subject* Appel re fers to the low temperature to which aaployees are occasionally exposed down to -20F, but states that there is little illness from cold exposure, because the men are aware of the danger. This situation has led to complacency, however, und now that new employees are more numerous, they are too often not fully in structed in the hazards of their occupation. N&nfeldt agrees on the lest point, both as to cold and mechanical hazards, and advocates accident analysis, end proper selection and training of new men. Rood devotes more attention to re frigerants, although accident's due to refrigerant hazards are in the minority. Methyl chloride is usable inmost installations, although more inflammable, than . Freon. Alumimm must not be used in a system where it will be In contact with methyl chloride, as the aluminum corrodes and a gas is produced which will ig 03118445 nite when the gas is exposed to oxygen in tho air. Several aoddents have been caused by this action. 22 Morbidity and Mortality on Coal and Gold M^.nes for 1941. F.J. Allen* Proc. Transvaal Mine Med. Officers* Assoc.. 23. 59-69 (Oct., 1943) Both coal and gold mines are worked in South Africa by native labor recruited for short periods. Attention has been centered on health in gold mines, on account of the incidence of silicosis and tuberculosis. Now figures show that morbidity and mortality in total, and for individual diseesos except tuberculo sis, are higher in coal mines than in gold mines. The reasons are lack of hy giene, overtime and overcrowding in coal mines. Recommendations for improvement are offered. -- Condensed from Bull, Hyg. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8 January, 1945 (2 23 March Fracture in Industry* J.E. Eddy, Jr. Ind. Med., 13, 1028-1030 (Dec., 14 The discovery of 3 cases of March fracture among women employees of a shell los ing plant during a period of only 13 months brought this injury to the attentijj of industrial physicians. March fracture or fatigue fracture is a term applies: to fracture of the metatarsals occurring without direct trauma. The fractures developed after work involving long hours of walking or standing on concrete floors. The treatment consisted of immobilization in a hoot cast fitted with j walking iron. The cast was worn about 6 weeks during which time these employees were able to continue their work, ill patients made complete recovery with no further disability. 24 A Case of Sulfuric Acid Bums. G.W. Cashell, H.B. Shay, and D.Boaenham. Brit. J. Surg., 31, 373-377 (April, 1944) Characteristic features of bums from concentrated sulfuric acid, with princi ples and methods of treatment are presented. The use of penicillin in lower strengths such as 200 units per cc. has been shown to be effective in controlling eye infection in burns of this type. The authors point out the advantage to the patient of the close cooperation of the Ophthalmic Department, the Dental Depart ment and the Burns Unit. -- J.I.H.&T. 25 Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis; A Retort of a Case With Marked Systemic Manifes tations.J.J. Curry and F.C. Lowell. New England J. Med,. 231. 11-13 duly 6. 1944) - * A case is presented that showed many of the signs and symptoms of epidemic kera toconjunctivitis. The outstanding feature was the presence of sever depression with only mild ocular disease. Serologic studies during convalescence showed the development of antibody against the virus of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. -- Authors' summary. 26 Actinic Keratoconjunctivitis. R.G. Sccboe and E. Griffey. Am. J. Ophth., 27, 632-635 (June, 1944) The authors review the symptomatology and pathology of keratoconjunctivitis pro duced by ultraviolet radiation, and recommend the use of a local anesthetic and adrenalin for treatment. No series of cases is reported with or without treat ment to permit a proper evaluation of this form of therapy. -- J.I.H.421. 27 Dcrmatophytosls in Industry. S.M. Peck, I. Botvinick and Louis Schwartz. Arch* Dem. Syphil., 50, 170 (Sept,, 1944} 2,123 workers in 6 industrial plants were examined for dermatophytosis. On clinical grounds alone results were classified as 27.79 percent positive and 33.63 percent doubtful. Shower room flooring of concrete or pine wood is a possible but not likely source of fungous infections of the feet. Copper imprt nated concrete flooring was found to be of no value in the prevention of the spread of such infections. Tricophytin tests were made on 776 workers. Of these 42.53 percent had positive reactions. The tricophytin test is more often posi tive in patients with clinically active denaatophytosis of the feet than is those showing no evidence of the disease. There is no indication that the presence of an allergy to fungi or their products bears any relationship to the acquisition of an allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatophytosis and its allergic manifesta 0311S446 tions are not important factors in lost time among industrial workers. -- Con densed from J.A.M.A. 28 Brucellosis, an Unrecognized Menace. R.R. Staub. Northwest Med., 43, 274 (Oct., 1944) Staub states that less than 10 percent of the patients with the chronic form of brucellosis have fever. Brucellosis is an important public health problem. Im proved state and feaeral laws are necessary in the control, marketing and dis tribution of dairy products. Cooperation between the medical and veterinary oo Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 C~! January, 1945^ cs professions is essential to the control of brucellosis ?ind of other human infla tions contractible from animals. The medical profession must realize the unbeo lievable prevalence of brucellosis. The author thinks that 10 percent of the population have brucellosis but that only about 1 percent of infected persons* are detected and treated. The sulfonamides are almost without value, although some believe that succinylsulfathiazole can benefit cases presenting early in testinal involvement. Penicillin shows only mile laboratory success. Fever therapy is more beneficial in acute than in chronic cases, especially in refrac tory cases not responding to vaccine therapy. Antiserum treatment is restricted to acute, severe attacks or exacerbations. Vaccine therapy seems most promising in the treatment of acute and chronic brucellosis. The author uses a vaccine made only from the abortus strain. He prefers deep muscular injections and avoids subcutaneous injections. Vitamin therapy is an important supportive measure, as is also iron and liver. Thiamine hydrochloride seems especially beneficial in stimulating the production of opsonins, as does likewise the intra venous injection of nicotinic acid. Pent-nucleotide and bone marrow are both used in cases of extreme leukopenia. -- J.A.M.A* 29 Work in Heat as Affected by Intake of Water. Salt and Glucose. G.C* Pitts* R.E. Johnson and F.C. Consolazio. Am. J. Physiol., 142. 253 (Sept., 1*44) Pitts and his collaborators investigated the effects of water, salt, glfocse and water soluble vitamins on 6 healthy, fully acclimatized young men* |lh* hast performance of fully acclimatized young men on a good diet, perfoalng {Stssalttent hard work in the heat, was achieved by replacing hour by hour the meter lost in sweat. Considerably less than this amount of water led Is a few hours to a serious inefficiency and eventually to exhaustion. The replaeement of salt hour by hour had no advantage. Replacement of salt loss meal by meal'was ade quate. Administration of glucose proved of little or no value when compared with the great benefit of large amounts of water. There was no advantage from administering 200 mg. of ascorbic acid, 20 mg. of thiamine hydrochloride, 20 mg* of riboflavin or large doses of brewers* yeast, either singly or together either during work or the day before. Water transport and supply ere sometimes diffi cult, but when water is available it should not be forbidden on the traditional ground that during work it is bad for one. Ken should be encouraged to drink to capacity. When a good daily diet is not available because of failure ct supply or is not eaten because of ignorance or anorcoda, which is so common In hot ani vironments, it is desirable to ensure adequate intake at least of salt, by means of salted drinking water or tablets, and probably of vitamins by means of con centrates. -- J.A.M.A. 30 Experimental Study of Stimulants in the Prophylaxis of Heat Sickness. B* Schlegel and Hl~Boettaer* Klin. WochschrTY 2l7 533-536 (1942^ .. Of three stimulants studied, phosphate (recresol), cola'and pervitin* the first was the only one -that exerted a definite action in the prevention of heat in juries, especially heat exhaustion, as measured by the prolongation of the dure** tion of the experiment, the milder rise in the pulse curve and the improvident in the subjective findings. The observed effect was too small for an effective prophylaxis and was, without doubt inferior to that of th^ adrenal cortical hor mone studied earlier. -- C.A. 31 Dietary Protein and Physical Fitness in Temperate and Hot Scvirogaante. O'.C. Pitts, F.C. Consolazio R.E. Johnson^ J. Nutrition. 27 . 497-508 (June 10, 1944) Three healthy young men were studied during four successive periods of at least six weeks on different levels of protein intake under temperate and simulated tropical conditions. Observations were referred to the relationship between the diet and the nutritional state, physical fitness for work, and respiratory Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10 r-> January, 1945 CS exchange. Urinary nitrogen excretion was highest during the high protein peri^fc. The plasma protein was highest during the high protein period, but the changeaa were slight. Weight changes were small, but the highest weights were ettaine<J during he high protein diet period. Physical fitness showed no changes attrisc butable to dietary protein level. Metabolism data revealed no significant dif ferences between the high and low protein periods. It is concluded that even though protein does have a high specific dynamic action, the theoretical objec tions raised against a high protein diet in hot environments are unjustified under the conditions of these observations. Protein .ntake may vary widely from 75 to 150 gm. daily without effect upon performance of intermittent work in the heat. -- J.I.H.&T. 32 Experimental Chronic Carbon Monoxide Poisoning of Does. F.H, Lewey and D.L. Drabkin. Am. J. Med. Sci.. ~208* 502 (Oct.. 1944) The U.S. Department of Labor sets the limit of safe concentration of carbon mono xide in air in industrial plants at 0.01 volume percent (100 p.p.m.) This figure leads theoretically in man to approximately 16 percent carbon monoxide hemoglobin. The relation is only approximate, for continued exposure to the same carbon mono xide concentration in air may, supposedly by adaptation, show-a-es^dijai decrease in the percentage of cerbon monoxide hemoglobin, fiy agreement of the safet/ engineers of the U.S. Aimy the upper permissible limit is set at 20 percent car bon monoxide hemoglobin. Experiments with dogs show that chronic carbon monoxide intoxicetion may occur at concentrations which have, been regarded as vlthin the safety limits for man. Cardiac and cerebral changes are most severe in animals with inadequately functioning hearts. These experiments do not permit conclu sions about potential human reactions to the same conditions. 33 Effect of Cardiazol and Veritol in Elimination of Carbon Monoxide. E.A. Mueller* Klin. Woch., 22, 572-573 (Sept. 4, 1943) The author carried out an investigation in non-narcotized dogs to establish the effect of veritol, cardiazol and a combination of both (veriazol) in carbon mono xide poisoning. In a preliminary experiment on seven dogs the intratracheal in take of a known concentration of carbon monoxide in air in liters per minute* and the excretion of carbon monoxide in cc. per minute were measured over the periods of intoxication to the point of unconsciousness, and of recovery. Three dogs were then given intra-muscular injections of veritol (4 and 10 mgm.), car diazol (50 and 100 mga.) and veriazol (5 .mfl 10 mgm. of veritol and 50 and 100 mgm. respectively of cardiazol), half a minute before the end point of the period of intoxication. With veritol only one dog showed a constant increase over the control value of carbon monoxide elimination. Cardiazol gave an increase of 9 percent with the 50 rngn. dosage and 20 percent with the 100 mgm* dosage in all three dogs during the first ten minutes of the recovery period. Combination with veritol did not improve the effect of cardiazol alone. Convulsions occurred only if 100 mgm. were given by intravenous injection or double this amount by the sub cutaneous or intra-muscular route. Evidence for the superiority of cardiazol is considered inadequate, since only 3 dogs were used and in one, the percentage 03118448 of carbon monoxide elimination was much higher with veritol than with cardiazol. - Bull. Eye. 34 Fluoride,Domestic Waters and Systemic Effects. II. Fluorine Content of Urine in Relation to Fluorine in Dri^ki-n^ Water. F.J. McClure. Pub. Health Repts., 59, 1575-1591 (Dec. 8, 1944) The fluorine content of urine specimens of a large number of men and boys has been studied in relation to fluorine in their domestic water supplies. Where domestic waters are free of fluorine, the fluorine present in urine averages 0.3 to 0.5 p.p.m. An increase of fluorine in urine was associated with the use of domestic waters containing as little as 0.5 p.p.m. fluorine. Fluorine in urine Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 s> fs. January, 1945 specimens continues strikingly proportional to the fluorine content of the ca drinking water through the range of 0.5 to 5.1 p.p.m, fluorine in the dcsnesti^ water. The results appear to furnish additional evidence of the importance of water-borne fluorine as a source of fluorine in human diets. The data agree usrth previous epidemiological studies which have demonstrated a striking relation be tween fluorine in communal water supplies and dental health, including reduced incidence of dental caries in 12- to 14-year-old children. The close correlation between fluorine in drinking water and fluorine content of urine suggests that the presumed hazard of cumulative toxic bone-fluorosis surrounding certain water borne sources of fluorine in the United States is greatly reduced by this rela tionship. An efficient urinary elimination of fluorine appears to be character istic of individuals residing in certain fluoride areas of the United States, where the drinking water contains 0.5 to 5.0 p.p.m. fluorine. The metabolism of fluorine under these conditions seems to oe a normal function of the human body and seems characterised by a condition approaching metabolic equilibrium, at least in the adult organism. -- Author's summary> 35 The Modern Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning. K.K. .Chen, C.L. Rose and G.R.A. Clowes. J. Indiana State Med. Assoc., 37, 344-350 (July, 1944) Results obtained by several groups of investigators indicate that the combination of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate is the best therapy against cyanide and hydrocyanic acid poisoning. As long as the heart is beating there is affair chance of recovery. The technique is to inject intravenously the nitrite fol^ lowed by the thiosulfate. There is not merely summation but an actual potentia tion of the action when the two are used together. The writers give the proce dure of treatment in detail. A total of fifteen cases have been treated by this procedure, and fourteen of these completely recovered. -- J.I.H.&T. 36 Hydrogen Sulfide Formation in Sewage Treatment of Plants. P.D* Halley and C.S. McKinley. Ind. Med.. 13, 818 (6ctV. 1944) Hydrogen sulfide may be formed in appreciable amounts during the digestion of sewage sludge containing a large amount of combined sulfur. In planning the proper safety program for sewage plant operations hydrogen sulfide should be considered as a definite potential health hazard and not just as a nuisance as is so often the case. -- Authors* summary 37 Pmphyla-ris for Phosphorus Workers. R Baron. Brit, Dental J., 76, 331-332 (June 16, 1944) This article by the dental surgeon to a phosphorus works stresses the necessity of rejecting any prospective employee showing dental sepsis or inflammation. If any dental extractions have to be undertaken the patient should be kept away fron phosphorus for a subsequent period of 4 to 6 weeks to allow ccoplete closure of the socket. The pallid type of person seems to be more susceptible to jaw lesions than the robust, fresh complexion type, and cooperation between the den tal surgeon and the works' medical officer is essential in order to ensure the exclusion for a time of workers whose health is for any reason temporarily im paired, Useful subsidiary measures are the free supply of toothbrushes and toothpaste; the provision of a hypochlorite mouth wash; the changing of working clothing, and ample provision for washing after work. Prophylactic gum treat ment is recommended, and no patient who has ever had a jaw lesion caused by wor king with phosphorus should be allowed to return to that employment. -- Bull. 03118449 38 Modern Phosphorus Caries and Necrosis. R. Kennon and J.W. Hallam. Brit. Dental J., 76, 321-330 (June 16, 1944) The great part of the article consists of clinical histories of 8 workers who developed lesions in one of the jaws as a result of employment in a phosphorus Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12 January, 1945 r-. fn f vorks. The earliest sign of the disease is caries, i.e., osteoporosis or decau i cification end if necrosis and sequestration occur, the sequestra are quite {3 small, whereas in bygone days they were much larger, the difference being due better dental care. Radiographs of the jaws should be taken before a prospec-ca tive employee commences work, and thereafter periodically, with careful compaS^- son to determine slight bone changes. However, the diagnosis cannot be made with certainty, by x-rays even when the nature of the employment is known. The cases of caries without sequestration may be difficult to diagnose, but a dull red shot on the mucosa is rather characteristic. There is little pain, but one or more sinuses may develop unexpectedly. The disease may reveal itself even two years after the worker has left tho phosphorus industry. Scraping is depre cated in cases of osteomyelitis of dental origin, but may be used in cases of phosphorus necrosis. -- Condensed from Bull. Hyg. 39 Beryllium Oxide from Beryl: Health Hazards Incident to Extraction. J. Shilen. >-- A.E. Galloway and J.F. Mellor. Ind. Med., 13. 464-469 (June, 1944) A study of the health hazards in a plant manufacturing alloys of beryllium was tw' made. There was a total of 656 employees, of whom 529 were employed in produc tion. Absented. was high and averaged about 6# while the labor turnover aver aged close to 100# per annum. Fifty-one and two tenths percent, or 271, of the total number of employees engaged in production were exposed to fluorides; 6.6#, or 35, to oxides of nitrogen, and 2#, or 11, to pickling fumefe* Thirty^seven atmospheric fluoride samples were collected and analyzed for fluorine, which, calculated as sodium fluoride, averaged 0.996 milligram per cubic meter of air. Four samples were taken for dust concentration detemination. In the foundry the dust concentration averaged 4.52 million particles per cubic foot of air, and the general atmosphere during cleaning of the crucible furnaces averaged 3,18 million particles per cubic foot. The average dust particle size for six samples was very small, with all particles less than 1.17 microns and many less than 0.1 micron. Sixteen samples of nitrogen oxides were collected and analyzed, and, while the results were alaiming at first, vdth improved ventilation the con centrations found came down well within the limit of 25 parts per million. Res piratory ailments and dermatitis are most frequently reported. -- Author's sum mary. 40 Lead Poisoning in 1945 and Earlier Years. F.L. Hoffman. Monthly Labor Rev., 59, 976-978 (Nov., 1944) Cases of lead poisoning in the United States showed a steady decline from 1916 to 1942, in spite of the fact that the use of lead in load-processing industries has increased considerably in recent years. True statistics are not available since official returns do not differentiate between occupational and nonoccupational fatalities from such poisoning. Statistics are given showing the number and rate of deaths from lead poisoning in registration states of the United States from 1901 to 1942. These show a decline from 132 in 1936 to 71 in 1942. Other tables indicate deaths in the last few years classified by states. In 1941 the largest number of such deaths was ten in Pennsylvania* in 1942, ten in New York. There is a surprisingly snail number of deaths among workers in the lead-processing industries proving that in industrial hygiene as applied to lead-using industries, immense progress has been made, duo to dust-prevention devices and to regular medical examination for workers. 41 Tne Lead Content of the "Nonnel" Urine, L.A. Meston. Med. J. Australia, 1* 392-393 (April 29, 1944) Many specimens of urine have been examined by the Government Chemical Laboratory, Queensland, and the lead content of the normal urine in Brisbane is less than 0.01 milligrams per liter. It should be remembered that whatever amount the lead excreted by the urine may be, much more is being stored in the tissue. ___ n >X_r- V*) Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 rsj January, 1945 Continuance of lead in the urine et a level of 0.05 milligrams per liter may mean the accumulation of an injurious amount in the tissues. Appreciable pro- portions of this poisonous metal in food products, and exposure to it in indusgy must be guarded against. -- J.I.H.M. at Editor*s Note; Mean urinary lead concentration for non-exposed North AmeH- cans is approximately 0.03 mg. per liter. Upper safe limit is considered to have a mean of 0.10 mg. per liter with occasional values as high as 0.15 to 0.20 mg. per liter. 42 The Hadon/Carbon Dioxide Ratio as an Index to Excessive Radium Absorption. F.E. Hoecker. J. Ind. Hyg, & Tox., 26, 281-288 (Nov., 1944) It has become accepted practice to base the valuation of the quantity of radium in the body on measurements of the radon concentration of the expired breath. The paper is a preliminary report of some studies intended to clear a number of ambiguities in terminology, in methods and in interpretation of results. It is shown that the determination of the ratio of radon to carbon dioxide must be based upon breath samples taken over as long period of time as possible and with the least disturbance to respiration. The method recommended is the partial in flation of a 20 liter meteorological balloon by exhalation of occasional breaths during normal respiration. 43 Soldering Operations. Evaluation of Health Hazards in the Various Typtre of Soldering Operations, and Illustration of Practical Methods of Control. ?O.W. ' Daubenspeck, A. Trenson and A.M. Noyes. Illinois Department of Labor, Industrial Hygiene Unit, Technical Paper No. 5. Also published in Ind. Med., IS. 880-? (Oct., 1944) This material has been published in preliminary form in three papers in Illinois Labor Bulletin (See our Absts. No. 268 (Mar., 1944), No. 561 (May, 1944) and Ho. 841 (July, 1944)), In the final form, a number of illustrations add to the interest of the paper. The authors* summary is: "In all types of lead soldering, dangerous quantities of lead may be dispersed into the workroom air. The princi pal sources of air-borne lead are locations where powdery drosses are formed, and these require careful control. Of greatest significance are: gas muffle furnaces, surfaces and edges of solder pots and baths, flames playing on a solder surface, any location where solder may spill and be burned to a powdery oxide, and the irons themselves. High-lead solders multiply the hazard because of the mere rapid oxidation of the lead at the higher working temperature. Good house keeping is essential. Cleaning must be done only by vacum methods. What would be considered good housekeeping at most operations may be poor or fair when ap plied to soldering operations," (See our Editor's Coraaent for Ahst. No. 841 (July, 1944)) 44 The Significance of Absorbed Bedim as Indicated by the Coefficient of Elimina tion. F.E. Hoecker. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 26. 289-295 (NotT. 1944) It is pointed out that the term "fixed" as applied to radii* in the body is some what ambiguous and the suggestion is made that it be defined in terns of the rate of elimination. Attention is celled to the fact that the effects of inter nal radium depend on quantity and time. Since the quantity and period of reten tion, and therefore the actual danger depend upon the rate of elimination, it is suggested that the deteimination of the rate of elimination may furnish valuable data regarding the potential danger of internal radium. -- Author* s sisamary. 45 Acute Nitroglycerine Poisoning. I.M. Rabinowitch, Quarterly Rev. Med., 1, 334335 (May, 1944) The symptoms of nitroglycerine poisoning are due to blood pressure reduction. These include, beginning with the most common, headache, throbbing, cardiac pal pitation, visible carotid pulsations, nausea, vomiting, colicky abdominal pains 03118451 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 r*j rp"> January, 1945 s and diarrhea. Death is from respiratory paralysis. It is of utmost importancSf that anyone with the slightest sign of nitroglycerine poisoning refrain from e"gn the smallest amount of alcohol, which is capable of precipitating delirium or at maniacal excitement. Cold packs may be used for severe headache, 3rom.ldos an2F coal tar derivatives should be avoided. Coffee is of aid and caffeine intraven ously (two and one half grains) may be given. In prevention, it is important that a complete change of clothes be made at end of the day's work and the exposed parts thoroughly cleaned with soap and water, r- J.I.H.&T. 46 Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning. G.P.E. V.'hitwell. Lancet, 246, 675 (1944) A discussion of the symptoms of carbon tetrachloride poisoning observed in a fac tory where this material is used as a solvent and is breathed by the workers. The dangers of this and other solvents on the health and morale of the workers are stressed. -- Biol. Ahsts, 47 Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning. Stewart and Witts. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 1, 11 (1944) The authors studied a group of 78 factory workers who had been exposed for 2-1/2 years to sub-lethal concentrations of vapor in the air of the work rooms. Symp toms referable to the gastrointestinal tract and to the central nervous system were recurrent and particularly severe after exposure to heavy concentrations. Clinical and laboratory examinations were essentially negative. Chronic liver changes rarely follow carbon tetrachloride poisoning, for as shown by experiments large frequent exposures at short intervals are necessary. Carbon tetrachloride bears a cheuical resemblance to chloroform, end ethyl chloride. It is possible that its effects upon the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are due to a narcotit action. -- J.I.H.&T. 48 Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning. B.E. Konwaler and C.B, Noyes, Jr. Calif, and West. Med., 61, 16-20 (July, 1944) Three cases, illustrating three grades of severity of intoxication, are presented* The necropsy findings of the fatal case are discussed. Evidence is presented for alcohol having a synergistic role in poisonings. The three cases here discussed ore of men employed on the same job at the same time who for various reasons were exposed to the vapors for variable times. There is a close correlation between exposure time and severity in this study. Other factors thought to have a syner gistic role arc exertion, heat and a heavy meal. Alcohol is thought to have a profound effect on the susceptibility to exposure. The fatal oase died in a uremic state and later was shown to have extensive damage in the kidney, liver, spleen and hoart. -- J.I.E.&T. 49 Studies on the Toxicity of Cnmmercial Benzene and of a Mixture of Benzene. Tolu ene and Xylene. V.H. Hough, F.D. Gunn and S. Freeman. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 26. 29 6-305 (Nov., 1944) The exposure of dogs to 1000 p.p.m. of commercial benzene vapors for 42 hours per weak was found to produce a higher mortality and more marked leucopenia than a similar exposure to 1000 p.p.m. of a mixed solvent consisting of 60# commercial benzene, 30 toluene and 10$ xylene. The effect and fate of benzene did not ap pear to be altered by admixture with toluene and xylene as judged by leucopenia, conjugated urine sulfates ind blood phenols. The magnitude of the change from normal of these substances and cells is directly related to the benzene content of the solvent. Both the free and conjugated phenols in the blood and urine were significantly increased following an exposure to solvents containing benzene. -- Authors' summary. 03118452 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15 January, 1945 -s* 50 The Sffect of Dietary Protein on the Susceptibility of Dor.s to Benzene PoisoniTpr. Tsan-'Wen Li, V.H. Hough and S. Freeman. Fed. Proc., 3,, 30 {March, 1944) Fourteen dogs were exposed for 40 hours per week to the vapors of commercial zene at a concentration of 600 p.p.m. by volume. Diets of known composition fed in which the fat or protein content was varied. The criteria used to deten mine the susceptibility of the dogs were: survival time, degree of leucopenia " percentage conjugation of urine sulphates, liver function, red blood cell ana * platelet counts. The results indicate that animals receiving the low protein diet are much more susceptible to benzene fumes than those on a high protein diet. No definite conclusion was drawn as to the effects of dietary fat on susceptibi lity to benzene. The changes observed in exposed animals on the low protein diet occurred with a rapidity and severity which control studios prove could not be attributed to the diet alone. Seven exposed animals on the low protein diet suc cumbed after an average exposure of 14 weeks. Two of the high protein animals died after exposures of 43 and 50 weeks; while two animals on this diet are still alive after exposures of 52 and 23 weeks. -- J.X.H.&T. 51 The Treatment of Trinitrotoluene Poisoning. K.R. Luthy. Ind. Med., 13^ 601-603 (Aug., 1944) The author advocates the icterus index as the most reliable test of TNT absorption, and reports on cases in which TNT poisoning was detected in early stages by its use. Only two patients had a rise in the icterus index after trea'fcaent was begun. It was not necessary to transfer any worker from his employment before, during, or after treatment, and all 44 patients returned to normal. In the majority-of cases the liver metabolizes trinitrotoluene if heavily fortified with glycogen, coid no glycosuria resulted from the heavy carbohydrate feeding. No employee with an increased icterus index should be allowed to work with TNT unless he is for tified with glycogen. Thorough bathing at the end of each shift with a TOT-indicating soap is recommended. 52 Toxicity of Trinitrotoluene. A. McCausland and H.F. Hawkins. Virginia Med. . Monthly, 71, 242-248 (May, 1944) In a well outlined article the following points about trinitrotoluene are given: (1) incidence of TNT poisoning in World War I, (2) the channels of absorption, the skin, the alimentary and respiratory tracts, (3) fate of TNT in the body, (4) pathology, (5)'manifestations of anoxemia, ( 6) TNT facies, (7) gastrointest inal end skin manifestation, (8) TNT jaundice, (9) blood changes in TNT poisoning and (10) the treatment of TNT poisoning which is primarily protection of the liver by carbohydrate therapy and vitamin C. -- J.I.E.&T. 53 A Report of Four Cases of Aplastic Anemia Occurring Among Munition Work-ft-ra. W.L. Kart, E.B. Ley, V.D. Scroggie, E.A. Johnson and J.H. Eddy, Ind. Med., 13, 896899 (Nov., 1944) Four cases of fatal aplastic anemia due to exposure to TNT are presented. The clinical courses of these cases are veiy similar. Each employee developing this condition was engaged in an operation where exposure was to TOT which had been remelted and was in the process of resolidifying. The most dependable laboratory finding indicative of toxic reaction, so far encountered, is the reduction in the hemoglobin and red blood count. -- Authors* summary. 54 Toxicity and Potential Dangers of Aerosols, Mists, and Dusting Powders Containing DDT. P.A. Neal. Y'.F. von Oettingen and others. Public Health Reports, Supplement No. 177. 32 pp. (1944) (Price 5 cents from Supt. of Documents, Washington 25, D.C.) The work here reported was conducted as a separate phase of the investigation from that given in Our Absts. 1017-1019 (Sept,, 1944). In spite of the inherent toxicity of DDT, its use in a 1 to 5$ solution in 10# cyclohexanone, with 89 or 85# of Freon as aerosol, should offer no serious health hazards when used under 03118453 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16 r*. fvj January, 1945 *V-M< conditions such as those required for its use as an insecticide. It should be pointed out that the solution of DDT in fatty oils definitely increases its toato- city, and that the results obtained by using a solution of DDT in cyclohexanoneE? are not necessarily comparable to the effects produced by a solution in oil. It5e use of DDT in concentrations up to 10# in inert powders, for dusting clothes, as in the extermination of lice, appears to offer no serious hazards because of the relative insolubility of DDT and the large particle size of the dust. Therefore it aoes not reach the alveolar spaces. A large proportion of the dust is re tained in the uppermost sections of the respiratory tract. The remainder is swallowed. On account of its relative insolubility it is thought that only a small fraction is absorbed. Because the use of a 1# DDT-deobase mixture was found to be con-toxic to rabbits v/ith heavy exposure for 48 minutes daily, over a period of 4 weeks, it is believed that its use as a fly spray, which involves only temporary and comparatively moderate exposure to much lower concentrations, should be safe. However, due to the fat-solvent properties of most petroleum distillates, irritation of the skin may occur following heavy exposure. Although this study-deals only with the appraisal of the potential dangers of DDT when inhaled as aerosol, dust, and mist, it should be pointed out that ingestion of massive doses of DDT will cause a toxic reaction. It should therefore, be used only under conditions which exclude the heavy contamination of food. Since these experiments were concluded a thorough clinical and laboratory study has been made of three men who have each had several months* continuous occupational exposure to DDT used in various forms as an insecticidal agent. An evaluation of the re sults of these examinations fails to indicate any definite evidence of toxic ef fects from the exposure the 3 subjocts have had to DDT. -- Authors* summary. D.D.T. T.F. West and G.A. Campbell. Ind. Chemist, 20> 461-465 (Sept., 1944) The article deals briefly with chemical properties, insecticidal properties, effect on farm animals (including bees) and vegetable products and toxicology to human beings. In the concentrations in regular use there is very little toxic action likely to be experienced by men. The powder and aqueous spray form are not absorbed by the skin and do not set up skin irritation, even when abrasions are present. Toxic symptoms may follow long exposure of large skin areas. 57 Exposure to Lucite. Queries and Minor Notes, J.A.M.A., 125. 320 (May 27, 1944) Information was asked concerning the effect of lucite dust upon the general health and particularly upon the lungs of a worker exposed to large quantities of lucite dust in the air. Animal experiments have failed to show any injury to the lungs or definite pathologic effect. Clinical observations on workers manufacturing lucite have not revealed any harmful effects from this exposure. -- J.I.E.A31. 58 New Sanitary Standards for Industrial Enterprises. A. Metsatunyan. Byg. and Sanit. (Moscow) 10,, 23-26 (1943) Eussian. The new sanitary standards have been devised in accordance with the requirements of war conditions but are based on experience. In general the requirements for sanitation end permissible concentrations of gases have been made somewhat less rigid. The permissible concentrations for a few of the gases, given here for comparison with American Standards, are: carbon monoxide 0.04,. formerly 0.02 mg. per 1.; methyl alcohol 0.07, formerly 0.05 mg. per 1.; ethyl alcohol 1.5, for merly 1.0 mg. per 1.; amyl and other alcohols 0.5 instead of 1.0 mg. per 1. 59 Occupational Illnesses in the Cotton Industries - Cotton Fever. W.L. Hitter and M. A. Nus sbaum. Ind. Med.. 13, 9 66-970 (Nov., 1944) ~ Cotton fever is an occupational disease common to almost every new employee work ing vdth untreated cotton in an enclosed space. The severity of the symptoms depends upon the quality of the cotton end the concentration of the dust from it. 03118454 Immunity is usually developed by a worker for a given working environment. Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 17 January, 1S4S so fs* Subsequent attacks may occur (a) on protracted absence from a given job, or (bV-< on being shifted to dustier work, or (c) on being exposed to much lower grades of cotton. -- Authors' conclusions. I 03 60 Wood Dusts. Queries and Minor Notes, J.A.M.A., 126, 800 (Nov, 18, 1944) 03 In reply to an inquiry as to the results of inhaling fine wood dusts, the writs? expresses doubt that wood dust in significant quantities can be inhaled into the lungs because of the great size of the particles and because being easily wetted, they are retained in the nose and throat. However, some persons may become sensi tized and their reaction to certain kinds of wood dust may be shown by irritation of the skin ana upper respiratory tract. 61 Silicosis in Monmr ~hshire. G.R. Jones. Report of the County Pathologist, Mon mouthshire, England. 20 pp. (Oct. 1, 1943) The author has made 131 autopsies on miners suspected of having died of silicosis. He defines 4 degrees of silicosis, from the Minimal, in which silicosis is de tected only on microscopical examination to the Advanced, in which more than 4 nodules, each the size of a shilling and one or more silicotic masses about 2 inches in-all diameters are present, or the "lungs are entirely soiidwith sili cosis." Tuberculosis, emphysema, bronchiectasis and pneumonia were the commonest complications. The incidence of cancer was not commoner than the general cancer death rate. As a general rule a man could continue work for about two years after the appearance of symptoms of silicosis. Death followed in 3-7 years de pending upon complications that were superadded. A discussion of the medical and administrative aspects of treatment emphasizes the following points: (1) There is a wider issue than that of silicosis, which might be termed the treatment of in dustrial ill health; (2) Several government and other organizations which are named are concerned in this comprehensive outlook; (3) A combination of these agencies might evolve a plan to cope successfully v/ith the whole problem; and (4) In addition to diagnostic clinics and hospital acconmodation, domiciliary supervision and rehabilitation and reemployment schemes are needed. -- J.I.H.&T. 62 Minority Opinion on Silicosis. O.R. Troje. J. Alabama State Med. Assoc., IS. 313(Apr.,1944) According to the author, simple silicosis gives no symptoms, and diagnosis depends on the x-ray findings and occupational history. The x-ray evidence and clinical evidence are not in agreement. The author holds that contrary to eBt&bllsbeA belief, the changes in the lungs of silicotics aie not due to fibrous connective tissue. The so-called fibrosis is really due to scattered deposits of eollagen which are laid down in various patterns. The collagen deposits are a defense mechanism and the late symptoms of dyspnea are due more to capillary occlusion nd intervascular changes as the result of collagen encroachment, then to loss of alveolar air capacity. -- J.I.H.&T. 63 Foundry Work Does Not Affect Eves. Queries and Minor Notes* J.A.M.A., (Nov. 18, 1944) It has been determined that no pathologic effect on the eyes can be attributed to heat from "pouring hot iron or any hot metal in a foundry" even over a period of years. Exposure in foundry work is not continuous and the amounts of infra-red and ultra-violet light were found from actual measurements to be infinitesimal. Cases of glass blower's cataract have been reported in Europe, but they have im 03118455 plied constant exposure through long hours daily over a matter of 18 to 20 years* No comparable industrial operation is found in this country. 64 Disagreement_on Silicosis Due to Wheat Dust. R.C. McKay. J.A.M.A., 126, 853 (Nov. 5, 1944; A case of silicosis attributed to wheat dust was the suhjoct of a paper published April 1st in J.A.M.A. (See our Abst. No. 595, May, 1944). A claim for compensa tion has been presented to the Ohio Industrial Commission on behelf af the ptienl Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18 January, 1945 r* r** whose condition is described. Dr. McKay, a member of the Board of Silicosis Ha2- erees, severely criticizes the article mentioned on the following groups: (1) g the occupational history is incomplete and does not exclude the possibility of previous exposure to silica; (2) the to warrant a diagnosis of silicosis; roentgenological evidence is (3) the authors give no dust "S not sufficient counts and statement of how much was below 10 microns; (4) they do not state whether the s dust came from the atmosphere or from the floors; (5) percentage silica is given by chemical analysis, not free silica by petrographic or x-ray diffraction methods (6) the authors report diminished vital capacity and increased emphysema on the second examination two years after the first, but give no vital capacity measure ments end do not mention any of the clinical data on which their diagnosis of emphysema is based; and (7) the authors state that a comparison of the two x-ray films showed that "the heart shadow contour had changed as a result of the changed lung condition," but do not describe the nature of the change nor is one shown by the reproductions of the x-ray films. The only possible type of heart disease arising from advanced silicosis or emphysema is "cor pulmonale," which can be diagnosed only with the help of an electrocardiogram, which was not re ported in this case. Dr. McKay concludes that the authors have submitted no proof that their patient either had silicosis or had been exposed to silicon dioxide present in wheat dust. 65 Several Physiological Functions During Rest and Exercise in Normal Subjects, Patients vlth Pulmonary Silicosis, and Patients with Piiimnnary Siderosis. N. Enzer and . Simonson. Ped. Proc., 3,, 9 (March, 1944) From 8 to 100 normal subjects were investigated for different functions. Fifteen patients with siderosis and 8 patients with silicosis were subjects in similar investigations. No statistically significant difference between the normal group and the siderosis group was found in any function, while the silicosis group showed significant depression of vital capacity, maximum pulmonary v=. .tilation, relative pulmonary reserve, endurance in dynamic and static work. A far greater percentage of patients with silicosis than of patients with siderosis showed an individually significant depression of functions compared to the normal limits. -- Authors' summary. 66 Effects of South Wales Anthracite Coal and of Precipitated Amorphous Silica Upon the Lungs of Mice. J. Argyll Campbell. Brit. J. Exper. Path., 25,, 46-55 (Apr., 1944) (1) Anthracite coal dust does not increase the incidence of lung tumors in mice. The statistically significant increases observed in some of the present experi ments were due to other substances present -- silica, alumimm and alumina. A heavy dusting of the lungs with bituminous dust produces seme increase in lung tumor incidence, but only of border-line significance. A moderate amount of alco hol does not affect the incidence of lung tumors. (2) As in man, anthracite dust in itself produces an increase of the fibrous (reticular) tissue strands of the lung tissue of mice, and is more active in this respect than bituminous coal. Neither anthracite nor bituminous coal in heavy deposit increases the fibrous tissue of the mouse's tracheobronchial lymph-nodes. The nodular type of fibrosis seen often in the human lung with anthracite coal is not seen in mice. Perhaps the time -- duration of mouse's life -- is too short. (3) Silica does not increase the fibrous (reticular) tissue strands of the lung of mice to the same extent as anthracite coal, but it produces marked fibrotic nodules in the tracheobron chial lymph-nodes. Its effects differing from those of anthracite coal make it doubtful whether the increase of fibrous tissue in the mouse's lung produced by anthracite is due to its silica content. It might be due to silicate. Alumina and aluminum do not influence the effects of anthracite coal upon the fibrous tissue of the lung. (4) Neither alcohol in the drinking water in moderate amount nor inhalation of cigarette smoke have any effect upon the action of anthracite coal on the fibrous tissue of the mouse's lung. (5) Metallic aluminum and alumina 03118456 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19 oo r*. January, 1945 ^ do not inhibit the development of fibrotic nodules in the tracheobronchial lyniSnodes of mice. The tissue of these nodes, therefore, reacts differently from the lung tissue of rabbits. -- Author's summary. aa' s67 Contribution to the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Silicosis by the Investigation of Silica in the Blood and Sputum. H. Oyanguren and E. Bartholin. Rev. med. ae * Chile, 71, 464 (May, 1943) The diagnosis of silicosis has been confirmed by demonstration of silica in the sputum and blood of 40 individuals. Silica which is conveyed tc the lungs by in halation is taken up in greater part by the lymphatics end the remainder is ex pectorated. Silica interferes with the lymphatic circulation, producing a fibrous proliferation which eventually results in the inclusion of the particles them selves. But before this occurs the silica which is inhaled passes through the blood ;.nd may be excreted in the urine. Silica may normally be found in the blood but if the quantity is less than 8 mg. percent as determined by the colorimetric method, it is believed tc be of no clinical significance. Quantities from 12 to 20 mg. percent are expressed as 1 plus, from 20 to 50 mg. percent 2 plus, and above 50 mg. percent 3 plus. Positive chemical reactions for silica in the spu tum may be obtained in all cases of silicosis. The positive reactions in the blood correspond to the amounts of silica contained in the sputum and positive chemical reactions are found only in those individuals who have been exposed to silica-bearing dust. The specific chemical reaction used is that described by Qberhauser and depends on the reaction obtained with nitromolybdenate of emmonia. This may be used equally on the blood and sputum and is a more certain test than the spectrographic methods. -- Am. Rev. Tuberc. 8 The Asbestos Corn. ELS. Alden and W.M. Howell. Arch. Deimat. and Syph. , 49, 312 (May, 1944) The author describes corns or warts peculiar to asbestos workers, first noticed by Derwitz in 1930. They have no relation to asbestos of the lungs. One charac teristic is that they appear and feel as if a foreign body were present, none is ever found. It is probable, however, that one is present in the very early stages. 69 Asbestosis and Pulmonary Carcinoma. H.W. Wedler. Deut. med. Wochschr., ,69, 575576 (Aug. 6, 1943) Goman. The author has collected the published autopsy records on asbestosis from various countries and finds that there have been 14 instances of malignant disease of the lungs and pleura in 92 post-mortem examinations (16 percent). This is in excess of the proportion of lung carcinomata in autopsies generally (2-6 percent). Car cinoma as a complication of asbestosis occurred most frequently in males between 35 and 41 and was generally in the part of the lung most affected with asbestosis. Development of the lesion was slow but corresponded with the length and intensity of the exposure (12-42 years). There was often a long interval between the ces sation of exposure and the development of the cancer, which, in the author's view, must now be regarded as an occupational cancer. -- Bull. Hyg. Skin Diseases and Burns 03118457 70 A New Protective Cream. J.G. Downing, L.M. Ohmart and M.J. Stoklosa. Arch. Dermat. and Syph., 49, 436 (June, 1944) In industries where workers are exposed, to dematologic irritants, and where it is impracticable to wear gloves, protective creams help to minimize cutaneous ir ritations. Many protective creams are on the market under trade names, and should Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20 r>. January, 1945 2 be used with caution, as they occasionally produce a deimatitis in a susceptibly person; and many fail to meet the requirements of low cost, easy application anq^ removal. The authors have prepared a formula which is given in the article, ante which has been tested under actual conditions as producing a preparation which ^ most nearly fulfills the requirement of a good protective cream. -- J.I.K.&T. 71 The Pre-Placement Skin Patch Test; Present Status in Industry. H. Keil. Ind. Med,, 13, 360-868 (Oct., 1944) The primary value of the patch test is in determining past or present sensitive ness to a chemical. The use of patch tests as a pert of preplaccment examination procedure is not regarded with favor by American dermatologists. The chief ob jections are: (1) the test may be positive and the patient may sue the physician for the blemish or the company if employment is refused; (2) the application of a patch test may sensitize the patient to the substance used; and (3) the patch test m3y be positive, yet the patient may be able to do his work involving the allergen. The author believes that neither of the first two objections is valid, provided that the tests are properly carried out. The objections have arisen from using too high concentrations and the use of scarifying procedures. The third objection is true within limits, and emphasizes the necessity of quantita tive tests rather than reliance upon plus and minus tests. The special circum stances under which the preplacement patch test or its equivalent may be used to advantage in industry are: (1) to eliminate instances of latent hypersensitive ness; (2) to apply the principle of group reactions in determining which industry the worker should avoid; and (3) to determine whether a substitute should be used in place of the allergen which caused the contact dermatitis. The circumstances under which the preplacement patch test may not be valid are Ihe following: (1) in industries where the worker is handling substances of high allergenic potency; (2) in determining degrees of primary irritation; (3) in determining the possibi lity of future byporsensitivenoss to a substance; (4) when the material is complex, unless the observer has a good idea of the nature of the ingredients; (3) when industrial processes become fully mechanized, the value of the patch will probably diminish. Each of these points is fully discussed, with citation of cases. In any patch testing, the cardinal rule must be that those who perform these tests should be fully familiar with the proper concentrations to be applied. Many prob lems remain unsolved and await studies on quantitative aspects of patch testing, and meanwhile the pre-placement test should not be disaissed summarily as without value, unless all the surrounding circumstances are known. A discussion by der matological experts follows the paper. 72 Textile Dermatitis. J.H.T. Davies and A.N. Barker. Brit. J. Deimat. and Syph., 56, 33 (Feb., 1944) Of 670 admissions to the skin wards of a large military hospital, 110 concerned dermatoses proved by patch tests and the observed effects of resuming khaki clothing, to be wholly or partly due to intolerance by the skin of contact with woolen textiles. The cutaneous manifestations are varied and are all believed by the authors to be mainly referable to intolerance of the skin to wool. Treatment consists primarily in removal of the irritant. Simple rtsaedies, such as calamine liniment or lotion arc effective. Some cases of long standing must be regarded as incurable. Avoidance of heavy physical exertion is an aid to recovery, in some cases..-- J.A.M.A. 73 Dermatitis from Lemon Grass Oil (Cymbopoeon Citratus or Andropogon Citratus.) H.V. Mendelsohn. Arch. Deimat. and Syph., 50, 34-35 {July, 1944) Eight men were treated for an acute dermatitis presumably due to lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon citratus or Andropogon citratus). The eruption resembled poison ivy dermatitis and appeared six to eighteen days after the men had worked on a boat which had arrived from India with a cargo of lemon grass oil. A piece of pine Industrial nygiene Digest - 21 cs January, 1945 00 wood coiled with lemon grass oil elicited a strongly positive reaction in 4 pa-5 t.ients tested. Lemon grass oil evidently has many uses, including its use in t^ manufacture of perfume, as an adulterant for lemon oil, in the manufacture of go ionone and possibly others, -- Author's summary. os 74 We're Learning More About Dermatitis. V.'.U. Rutledge. Nat. Safety News, 50, 23, 86-92 (Nov., 1944) The subject of dermatitis is covered generally and rather briefly, especially the more important steps in prevention, including selection of proper personnel, education of individuc-ls in care, cleanliness, diet, etc., selection of proper cleansing agents, avoiding indiscriminate use of volatile-solvents and exhaust ventilation. Care and experience in patch testing is emphasized. A list of materials which in the author's experience have caused dermatitis is included. 75 Toxic Effects of Arsenical Compounds - As Administered in tho United States Navy in 1943. with Special Reference to Arsenical Dermatitis. T.J. Carter, W.M. Chambers and Laura T. Anderson. U.S. Naval Med. Bull,, 43, 787-799 (Oct., 1944) In 1943, medical officers of the Navy administered a total of 245,331 doses of arsenicals and reported the occurrence of 48 untoward reactions. Of these toxic reactions there were 26 cases of arsenical dermatitis, a ratio of one to every 9,436 doses. Of interest in connection with a review of the causes of arsenical dermatitis are the instances in which premonitary signs are noted. They tend to indicate the necessity for careful examination and questioning of each patient be fore administering an arsenical. -- Authors* comment. 76 The Relation of Chemical Structure in Catechol Compounds and Derivatives to Poison Ivy Bypersensitiveness in Man as Shown by the Patch Test. E. Keil, D. Wasserman and C.R. Dawson. J. Exptl. Med., SO, 275-287 (Oct., 1944) Additional evidence is presented in support of the view which postulates a close chemical and biologic relation between the active ingredients in poison ivy and Japan lac. Biologic evidence, based on the use of the patch test in man, is pre sented in support of the view that the active ingredient in poison ivy is a cate chol derivative with a long, unsaturated side-chain in the 3-position* -- From author's summary. The paper also includes numerous experiments on the relation of chemical constitution of catechol derivatives to their effect on persons sensi tive to poison ivy. 77 Prevention and Control of Cutting Oil Dermatitis. E. Collier. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 1, 110-113 (Apr., 1944) This is a general paper on cutting oil dermatitis, with particular reference to experience at a certain engineering factory. At that factory (as at most others) the commonest dermatitis was oil acne caused by lard oil or a mixture of lard oil and paraffin oil. The chief cause is mechanical blocking of the sebaceous glands end hair follicles. The commonest sites are on the forearms anterior aspects of thighs and legs, and anterior elbow. Workers should be selected with skin that is thick, not too dry or too greasy* fair-haired and pale or red-skinned persons should be avoided. Formulas for a dermis wash and an alkaline wash are given. Clean clothing, special protective clothing and frequent analysis and change of the oil are recommended. -- Condensed from Bull. Hyg. 03H8459 78 Dermatitis Bullosum of Acne Area. Following Adhesive Tape Contact on Left Arm and Thorax, Possibly Due to Tricresyl Phosphate. L.E. Gaul and D. Henneger. Ind. Med., 13, 1014-1018 (Dec., 1944) The patient had a fractured humerus which was corrected by an aerial splint, secured in position by adhesive tape applied to the left arm and thorax. After 2 weeks of contact the acne areas of tho body developed a profuse seborrhea fol lowed by vesicles which later became bullae. The patient showed loss of weight, oe m Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 January, 19*5 r-. o B great weariness, mental apathy and emanated a strong phenolic odor, .although i the skin contacted by the adhesive tape showed no visible reaction, it was su^S gestcd that the cause of the dermatitis was the tricresyl phosphate used as a* plasticizer on the tape. After recovery the patient was given patch tests of adhesive tape. From the evidence, while not conclusive, it was believed that the tricresyl phosphate or its decomposition product, crcsol, was related etio- logically to the dermatitis. Apparently it can penetrate a normal epidermis without causing any reaction and after absorption exert a specialized reaction in that portion of the cutaneum richly endowed with ectodermal glands. It was suggested that a drug having such properties might prove of great value in the field of seborrhea and acne vulgaris. 79 Medical Entomology in Industrial Medicine in the United States. S.F. Meek and C.P. McCord. Ind. Med., 13, 1003-1010- (Dec., 1944) Sporadic cases of dermatitis among industrial workers may be traced to the bites, stings or other external action of various animal parasites, including lice, mites, fleas, bugs, gnats, mosquitoes, midges, flies, caterpillars, bees, schistosomea, etc. Ordinarily, such affections as to origin are unrelated to work. A few forms of employment directly provide exposure to some of these ecto parasites. Epidemics large and small, may arise on industrial premises that may be traced to ectozoa on a fortuitous basis. Four such epidemics are here re ported. The responsible parasite was the grain mite in. one episode, poultry mite in one episode, and the rat mite in two episodes. -- Authors* summary. 80 Prevention of Industrial Dermatitis. N.H. Mummery. Brit. Med. J., 660 (1944) Oil acne ana paraffin dermatitis were drastically reduced by a "hand cleaner" and the use of metal guards around the machines. The hand cleener was composed of neutral sulphonated castor oil with a watting agent added. -- Biol. Absts. 81 Dermatitis from Smoke and Fumes. Queries and Minor Notes, J.A.M.A., 126. 1122 (Dec. 23, 1944) A case of dermatitis was reported which was caused by contact with smoke, fumes or any product of combustion of kerosene, coal or wood. Information in treating the patient was desired. Search of literature failed to reveal any definite cases of this nature. Avoidance of fumes seems to be the only important method of treatment. 82 A Note on Occupational Dermatitis in the Jute Industry. M.N. Rao. Indian! Med. Gazette, 78. 54-57 (Jan., 1943) In Bengal, dermatitis has been observed to occur in various processes in the jute industry. Patch tests have shown that a mixture of mineral oil and soap which is used to soften the raw jute is the cause of the condition. It occurs less often in warmer seasons, which is probably due to the fact that the oil is more volatile in warm weather end does not adhere so much to the skin. The der matitis appears on parts liable to be in contact with the treated juice. The condition is attributed to mechanical blocking of the orifices of the sebaceous glands by plugs of the unexfoliated stratum corneum. -- Condensed from Bull. 5yg. 83 Occupational Dermatitis - In the Food Industry. Louis Schwartz. Ind. Med., 13, 899-900 (Nov., 1944) The discussion concerns workers, who develop contact dermatitis from handling food rather than persons who are allergic to eating certain food. Occupational dermatitis has been reported as occurring in almost every one of the food in dustries including meet, fish, pasti7,^cagdy^gguit sod vegetables. Forms of dermatitis occurring in each of these/andxne causes of the disturbances are discussed. Methods for prevention include personal and environmental cleanli ness, wearing of rubber gloves and impervious sleeves and aprons. Protective clothing should be furnished clean daily to all food handlers. 03118460 /T-?\ >--" r* ~ 35 J Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 January, 1945 64 Dermatitis Cases Reported Among Snoloyed Males and Females in Seven States. K.P. Brinton. Ind. Med., 13, 514-522 (June, 1944) In e study of 32,512 cases of dermatitis reported to the United States Public Haalth Service, by seven states from July, 1938, through October, 1943, the per centage of cases which were among females was found to very according to materi hazard and industry. In general the female rate was found to be the same as the male rate except in certain types of industry, such as food products, iron and steel, transportation equipment and others, where the female rate was higher. Conclusions as to sex differences in susceptibility to dermatitis cannot be cravm unless working conditions are the same and the number of persons exposed to each hazard is accurately known. -- J.I.H.&T. 85 Value of Patch Test in Poison Ivy Dermatitis, with Consideration of Group Reac tions Between Rhus Extract and Turpentine. Ragweed Oil and 3-Geranyl Catechol. H. Keil. J. Allergy, 15, 259-270 (July, 1944) Study of a number of cases of poison ivy dermatitis and dermatitis venenata sup port the generally accepted opinions that a positive patch test with a potent rhus extract does not prove the presence of dermatitis due to poison ivy but simply indicates sensitization to the plant. A negative patch test eliminates past and present hypersensitization to Rhus toxicodendron; on this point rests the chief value of the test. The quantitative patch test is an important method of checking the value of treatment. No group relation was found between the active ingredient in poison ivy and those in pyrethrum and ragweed. Group reac tions may be encountered with old turpentine. The vrerk of other authors on guinea pigs is confirmed in man that 3-geranyl catechol is biologically related to the active principle in poison ivy. 86 Dermatitis of Wartime Industries in General Practice. H.R. Foerster. J. Michi gan State Med. Soc., 43, 307-315 (April, 1S44) General causes of industrial dematitis are discussed and procedure to be fol lowed in making patch tests is given. Measures for the prevention and control of industrial deimatitis are presented, -- Condensed from J.I.H.&T. 87 Dermatitis Caused by Anthracene Oils. A. Foil. Presse Med., 51,, 56 (Nov. 27, 1943) Extracts of coal tar, used as substitutes for lubricating oils, contain anthra cene, phenols and acridine, which are skin irritants. Anthracene deimatitis is really sunburn on areas sensitized by contact with the oils. These oils are also very irritating to the conjunctiva and respiratory mucous membrane but do not cause serious results. As preventive measures, factory owners should sterilize the oils and remove the irritants from them; they should clean the tanks and dis infect them weekly with cresyl. The workrooms should be well ventilated and washing facilities should be provided. The oils should not be used for work in the open with exposure to sunlight. The workers should wear rubber gloves and impeimeable overalls and use protective ointments. Local treatment of the der matitis is carried out on the usual lines with sedative preparations as for eczema. Periodic inspection of workers is required and v/ork must be discontinued ..here the deimatitis recurs or is persistent. -- Bull. Hyg. 88 Outline of Recent Developments in the Recognition and Prevention of Allergic Contact Deimatitis in Industry. D. Harley. Brit. J. Physical Med. and Ind. Hyg., j6, 165-171 (Nov.-Dec., 1943) Among the subjects discussed are: importance of a knowledge of sensitization deimatitis and of sensitizing or allergenic substances, importance of investiga tions to include a man's hobbies; patch testing and the prevention of dematitis; education of the workers in measures for personal protection; skin cleansers and protective ointments. The final paragraph deals with contraindications in the selection of staff, -- J.I.H.&T. ftobB-0011382 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 24 89 Occupational Diseases of the Skin in Maine. Lecn Babaiian. January, 194c s s Maine Med. Assn. Ji. 55, 41-46, 59 (March, 1944) oa This article presents a comprehensive review of the subject of occupational deijg matitis, v.ith special reference to the cases and conditions observed in Maine since the industrial expanse of the war. The diagnosis of these lesions is established through the history, characteristics and patch tosts; the history is the most important element. The characteristic lesions of certain occupations arc given. The author includes discussion of patch tests and the various measures to be observed in personal and collective protection from irritants. Special attention is called to the tendency toward over-treatment of the derma titis; and plain talcum powder, calamine lotion and carron oil are recommended as the best therapeutic agents. -- J.I.H.&T. 90 Treatment of Phosphorus Burns. W. Straub. Muench. mod. Wochschr., 90* 748-749 (1943) German. Phosphorus burns are thoroughly washed and large particles of phosphorus removed in t dark room. The affected areas are then washed for 5 minutes with a 2$ solution of copper sulfate. A soothing ointment may then bo applied. The copper sulfate may be applied in a paste (2$) or in an oil and water emulsion. -- C.A. 91 Phosphorus Poisoning and Phosphorus Burns. W. Straub. Muench. med. Wochschr., 90, 507-510 (1943) German. The use of 2$ copper sulfate solution in treatment of phosphorus burns is de scribed. Straub believes phosphorus particles to be covered with a layer of metallic copper, thus preventing phosphorus absorption. Ibid. 629-630. Guinea pigs routinely succumb to the insertion of 0.2 g. yellow phosphorus under the skin. If the phosphorus is first dipped in 2% cop per sulfate solution the phosphorus is covered with a film of copper-phosphorus or metallic copper, which is not permeable to elemental phosphorus, and the ani mals are net poisoned. After several weeks, however, the depot of phosphorus disappears even when covered by copper. The author believes this to be due to penetration of copper film by water, formation of phosphorus pentoxide, and later of phosphoric acid, with subsequent dilution and excretion of the latter. -- C.A. 92 Phosphorus Burns and Their Treatment. A. Wagner. Muench. mod. Wochschr., 91_, 46 (1944) German. Author treated 100 cases of severe phosphorus burns with 2-5$ copper sulfate *-nd obtained immediate relief of pain and healing within 2 to 3 weeks. Other cases not so treated had not healed in 8 weeks. -- C.A. ' 93 Dermatitis Due to Vinyl Carba2ole. I.. Tabershaw and J.B. Skinner. J. Ind, HygV & Tox., 6, 313-315 (Nov.,1944) Vinyl carbazole, a new dielectric, is a mixture of a monomer and a polymer. Neither is a primary skin irritant, but both are powerful sensitizers, and a number of cases have been reported previously. The author describes cases in two plants making the material. All cases developed after an interval of expo sure, and practically all individuals who came in contact vdth the material suf fered some degree of dermatitis. "Hardening" is apparently possible. Preventive recommendations include the usual precautions of cleanliness, education, super vision, enclosure and exhaust ventilation. An air velocity of 200 f.p.m. is recommended. Workers with slight sensitivity may be kept on the job so that they will "harden". 031184G2 >-- 0) c, Industrial Hygiene Diges 25 Methods of Detection and Determination ao p-> January, 19 cs o I OS OS 94 A Welding Fume Sampler. L. Silverman and J.F. Ege, Jr. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 26, 316-316 (Nov., 1944) An efficient sampler for welding fumes, especially iron oxide fumes, is made from a foot-operated automobile tire pump, with slight and easily made modifica tions, and equipped with filter paper to collect the fumes. Standards may be easily made from actual voiding fumes, by comparison with precipitator samples. Choice of filter paper, effect of pumping time and other details arc discussed. 95 Methods for Determination of Toxic Gases Produced by Commercial Blasting Explo sives. A.G. Suvorov. Gomyi 2hur., 117. 15-18 (1941)~Russian. Russian and American investigations of the toxic gases evolved from explosives are compared. Laboratory experiments by Suvorov with 4 kinds of explosives showed that explosions in freely suspended bombs or in concrete blocks gave re sults quite different from those obtained in practice. No nitric oxide resulted, although always present in actual blasting, and carbon monoxide was frequently low (possibly because of absorption by the concrete). The best results were obtained by blasting in dry quartz sand; however, laboratory tests are regarded as no more than orientation tests, to be checked continually by practical tests in the mine. -- C.A. 96 Apparatus for Detezmining Minimum Energies for Electric Spark Ignition of Flam mable Gases rad Vapors. P.G. Guest. Bur. of Mines, Rept. Invest. 3753 (May, 1944) The writer describes the construction and use of a device for measuring the ener gies required to ignite a wide variety of explosive gases and vapors by the elec tric spark method. The method and apparatus may give more fundamental informa tion on the hazards due to accidental ignition by static electricity. Some tests on Pittsburgh natural gas and with benzene are given. -- J.I.H.&T. 97 Methods for Determining Lead in Air and in Biological Materials. A Report Pre pared by the Subcommittee on Chemical Methods of the Committee on Ventilation und Atmospheric Pollution of the Industrial Hygiene Section of the American Public Health Association. Published by American Public Health Assoc., New York. 41 pp. Price 75?. (1944) The recommended procedures include the dithizone methods, including the mixed color method in the absence of bismuth, the lead titration method, single color method, and limit test, and the electrolytic, spectrographic and polarographic procedures. The choice of method depends upon the equipment at hand and the precision desired. The variation of the dithizone method to be used depends upon the other metals and impurities present. Directions for collecting samples of urine, blood and air, and preparations of samples for analysis are given fully. The recommended procedures are then described in detail, and a bibliography is appended. 9Q Mist and Dust Collections in Industry and Buildings. C.E. Lapple. Heat. Pip. & Air Cond.^~16. 635-640 (Nov.. 1944J In this fourth installment, the author discusses microscopic and elutriation analyses of dust. In microscopic analysis, the principal problem is to convert particles size-number frequency distribution into size-weight frequency distri bution. This process is simple in principle but involves discrimination and 03118463 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 January, 1945 oo m *** possible pitfalls. The question of the determination of effective diameter of *-i irregular particles is considered; there are four methods in use, the mean occi dental diameter, the projected urea, the moan of 3 dimensions, and the minimum^ dimension. Their advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Elutria-co tion apparatus falls into 2 general groups, single and series; they also induct air and water types. The principal elutriators in use are described. The air _nd water methods are compared with each other and with sedimentation methods. Control Methods 99 Explosives-Manufacturing Techniques Offer Safety Ideas for Chemical Plants. ;.F. Sufer. Chem. Inds. (N.Y.T"55~ 62-65 (1944) Special precautions used in explosives plants could be applied advantageously in processing chemicals. The manufacturing of explosives is broken down into steps, each step being set up in separate buildings. No continuous conveyors are used between buildings. Frame construction and wood instead of metals and masonry minimize the chance of throwing heavy missiles. Equipment materials are selected with reference to the danger of ignition by impact or friction. Mechanical de sign of the units is sturdy. Screens are used in ducts to remove foreign matter. Remote control of operation is used extensively, the operator being protected by concrete v/alls or steel shields. All operations are arranged to avoid accidents when part of the equipment fails. Maximum number of operators and visitors is limited for each process unit in order to reduce confusion and loss of life should e serious accident occur. A well-rounded employee-training program is an important part of safety precautions. -- C.A. 100 A Study of Summer Air Conditioning With Vaster Sprays to Prevent Roof Falls at the Beech Bottom Coal Mine, West Virginia. E.L. Fish, L.A. Turnbdll, A.L. Toenges and I. Hartmann. U.S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. 3775 (Aug., 1944) The shale rocks composing the immediate roof above the coal bed of the mine where the study was made are affected very adversely by interchange of moisture between the rocks and the mine air. Alternate wetting and drying of the rocks results in far greater damage than does the maintenance of more or less constant humidity, whether high or low. Daily changes of temperature have very little effect. Air conditioning wfas found materially to reduce roof falls. The air conditioning must be maintained in winter as well as in simmer. Air conditioning by the use of water sprays requires an adequate supply of cold water. If the supply is insufficient, a recirculating system or some other co ling method must be employed. Roof falls were not completely suppressed, as the inherent weak ness of the rock and the oxidation of pyrites contributed to the tendency to fall* 101 Preparation of Tank Vessels Prior to Alterations or Repairs. C.A. Neusbaua. Trans. 32n<TNat. Safety Cong.X 393-396 (1943) Petroleum vapors present a toxic hazard as low as 0.3$, while the lower explosive limit is roughly 1$. Therefore the maximum penaissible content of petroleum va pors in empty vessels is fixed by the health hazard. Air sampling is insuffi cient to insure safety; the interior must be examined for deposits of oil and sediment that may generate vapor. In the Buttcrworth method of cleaning, jets of heated water are directed to all interior parts of the vessel; by the manual method, live steam at 75 lbs. is introduced, and when the gas content is suffi ciently low men entervdth hand hose and wash down as they go. After final in spection a certificate is issued showing that the tanks are "Safe for Men and 03118464 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 27 'C January, 1945 Fire" or ''Safe for Men - Not Safe for Fire", Hydrogen sulfide and oxygen de-cs ficiency are also considered as hazards. ca 102 Eye Injuries in Mines - First Aid Treatment. S.W. Fisher. Coll. Guard., 168a 234 (Mar. 3, 1944); Iron Sc Coal Trades Rev., 148. 357 (Mar. 3, 1944) * The author recommends a face screen of perforated zinc suspended from the hat for protection against flying particles. He also reports that in collieries v.'here prompt first aid was given, including treatment with sulfonamide, that only 4/2 of 1,832 men with eye injuries suffered any loss of time. 103 Lighting for Sheet Metal Fabrication. E.R. D'Olive. Ilium. Eng., 39, 183-193 (Mar., 1944) General illumination by suspended lights and lighting of work benches and- tables are considered. Special kinds such as incandescent diffusers and fluorescent fixtures are discussed in detail. Comparative costs of adequate and inadequate lighting are estimated. Advantages of proper illumination include increased production, lov/ered spoilage rates, working to closer tolerance, fewer rejec tions, greater safety and improved morale, and these improvements pay for the lighting equipment in a short time. 104 Lighting of Welding Shops. M.W. Hime. Light and Lighting, 37, 4-5 (Jan., 1944) The lighting cf welding shops is often ill-considered because it is assumed that the operation itself gives sufficient light. On the other hand, goggles reduce the apparent illumination of the work, and the goggles must be raised for inspection of the work, causing exposure to arcs produced by neighboring workers. The author suggests the need for investigation to answer the follow ing: (1) What is the average brightness of the arc produced in the case of electrode welding, and is it a function of the type of electrode and type of material? (2) What is its spectral composition, and is its effect mainly due to brightness? (3) What is the order of the local illumination it produces? (4) What coloring of the surroundings will minimize the contrast occasioned by the flash? (5) What level of illumination is desirable in the vicinity of the work, and how can it best be obtained? The author suggests for suitable light ing, an illumination of about 15 foot-candles at the work level, and bright ceilings and walls achieved by painting in light colors and giving them suffi cient illumination. These improvements should make it possible to use goggles which absorb less light and would not have to be removed when inspecting the weld. There would elso be sufficient light for other .workers, marking out plates, etc., in the same shop to do their work with greater comfort and effi ciency. -- Condensed from Bull. Hyg. 105 Lighting for Milling Machines, Shapers and Planers. B.E. Lagerstrom. Ilium. Eng.. 59. 194-204 (Mar.. 1944) With machines of this group, the problem of seeing is intensified because the cutting edge is usually in motion at such high speeds that its condition cannot be determined by direct vision. Light must bo furnished to any one surface or all surfaces of the material being machined, according to conditions. A maaber of typical and special cases arc discussed, and good and poor practices are demonstrated. Both local and general illumination are necessary. 106 Lighting for Welding. R.R. Lusk. Ilium. Eng., 39_, 205-217 (Mar., 1944) It is impracticable to produce enough illumination to permit the welder to see distinctly through the glass in his hood, which would require 12,000 foot can dles. However, relighting to raise the illumination from 5 to 30 footcandles and higher has produced considerable improvement in welding work, because the welder can see better when his hood is thrown back and can distinguish flaws and irregularity in the work. Higher illumination also shortens dark adaptation. 03118465 Also discussed are the effects of paints, choice of lamp bulbs, and proper main tenance of lighting systems. (HMBB-0011387 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 January, 1945 107 Lighting for Horizontal Srincle Machines. A.v;. Lsxson. Ilium. Eng., 39^, 151170 (Mar."", 1944) Proper illumination of engine lathes as typical of horizontal spindle machines is discussed in detail. There arc in general seven seeing tasks end points. The most common faults in illumination of these machines are too much dependen upon local lighting, low average intensity and reduction of illumination by splashing of oil. Local lights will rarely be needed if proper attention is given to general lighting design, and local lights when used should be portable. Fluorescent fixtures are best for general lighting, and the general illumination should range from 50 to 100 footcandles. 108 Air Duct Friction Chart. A. Shapiro. Heat. Pip. and Air. Cona., 16_, 696-697 (Dec.", 1344) A chart is presented that provides a means for solving for the actual velocity end velocity head of standard air in a rectangular duct, as well as for the sides of an equivalent duct, in addition to the usual unknowns. It may be used to solve problems in duct design as well as for checking an existing system. The text, and the examples on the chart itself, explain its use fully. -- Author1s summary. 109 The Use of Antiseptic Sprays for Air Sterilization. A Summary of a Report to the Medical Research Council. R.J. Pulbertaft. J. Hyg., 43, 352-356 (April, 1944) Constant quantities of B Hemolytic streptococci of Lancofields group C were sprayed into a volume of 850 cubic foot capacity. Various antiseptics wore evaluated after 5 cc. were sprayed into this room, by observing the effect the spray had upon the organisms in the atmosphere. Criteria thus established for a good antiseptic for use, call for 90 percent reduction of bacteria, compared with the control when not more than 5 cc. of the antiseptic solution, at a strength of not greater than 1 percent is nebulised into a room of 1000 cubic foot capacity. Large volumes of weak but nebulized antiseptic were more effec tive than smell volumes of a correspondingly stronger solution. The use of antiseptics may be of considerable value during periods of epidemic respiratory disease. Uniform distribution of the mist is highly desirable. The mist emis sion should be more or less continuous. Sodium hypochlorite seems the best suited for present conditions. Glycol solutions of phenolic compounds are more effective, but more expensive. For other purposes, e.g., horticulture and in dustry, other antiseptics, such as eugenol carbinol, hexylresorcinol, and cate chol may be useful. The toxicity of these should be considered but not over rated. -- J.I.H.&T. 110 The Introduction of Glycols for Air Sterilization by a New Vaporization Method. e7 Bigg and B.J. Jennings. J. Ind7 Hyj;. fc Tox.. 26. 307-312 (Nov.. 1944) It has been shown that introduction of predetermined quantities of water and glycol vapor may be obtained by boiling water-glycol solutions at constant concentrations. This method eliminates fire hazards, regulates desired humi dities, may be built at a nominal cost, and is flexible in its application and simple in operation. Glycol vapor introduced in this manner is equal in bac tericidal activity to that produced by other methods. -- Autlors1 summary. 111 Maintenance Timetables Highlight Danger Snots. R. Morin. Factory Man. and Main., 102, 142-144 (Sept., 1944} A regular inspection and maintenance schedule has been in operation for seme time at the Boston Gear Works. The records are sc devised that any neglected inspection is immediately evident on a chart. A monthly inspection of all dust collecting systems is included, with a maximum of two months between cleanings. Many clean-out points had to bo mace in order to accomplish thorough inspection <..nd cleaning. 03118466 Industrial ifygiene Digest - 29 oo 00 January, 1945 0-5 112 "iron Lungs" Inhale the Dust. Anon. Nat. Safety News, 50, 92 (Oct., 1944) g A battery of 24 "iron lung" ventilators, each with a capacity of 30,000 to i 45,000 cu. ft. of air per minute, is used at the Eclipse-Pioneer foundries ofS Benaix Aviation Corporation, to discharge the smoke and fumes from the scene eg metal-pouring operations. The impure air is discharged so high above the roof that it cannot reenter :he building. The high velocity prevents the entrance of rain or snow. 113 Protecting Plant Manpower Through the Control of Air Contaminants. U.S. Dept, of Labor, Div. of Labor Standards, Special Bulletin No. 14. 28 pp. (1944) Por sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington 25, D.C., price lOtf. This Bulletin is a reissue of Special Bulletin No. 3 published in 1941 It in cludes the following papers: Finding and Appraising the Hazards. Philip Drinker, pp. 1-2. This comprises a table of safe limits of the more common vapors and gases and suggestions on dust concentrations. Keeping the Air Harmless. T. Hatch, pp. 3-11. After expressing the general control methods, most of the paper deals with local exhaust ventilation, with general specifications for the hood, piping, fan, and point of discharge, concluding with a brief discussion of control by general ventilation. Protecting Workers Against Temporary and Emergency Exposures. W.P. Yant. pp. 12-28. In this paper are described the general types of dust respirators, gas masks, cartridge respirators, and supplied-air respirators. The criteria of selection, care and maintenance, appro val by the Bureau of Mines, and acceptance and use of respirators by workmen are discussed. Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work 114 Fifteen Years1 Experience with HandicaTyrsad `Employees. E.O'Connor. Exec. Serv. Bull, pp. 5-6 (Oct., 1944) The author supports his statement that a handicapped man or woman stays on the job, is a careful worker, and his absent and tardy record is better than the average, by giving a number of case histories from the experience of the J.C, Penny Co. 115 Re-employment of War Veterans. J.J. Wittmer. Ind. Med., 15 . 970-974 (Nov,, 1944) The writer believes that business executives should take the initiative in matters of veteran reemployment and should think of it not as something that is going to happen but as a present and continuing proposition. He feels that the problem can bo solved if it is "approached with enthusiasm and whole-hearted good will" and if some "honest to God" thinking and effort is exerted while there is still time. All degrees of supervisors are considered important fac tors in veteran adjustment. Job classifications, with their basic physical requirements should be set up and key jobs should be tentatively pegged for each man in the service. This entails keeping up to date as to each man's ex perience in service, his future plans and his desires. A working coanittee, composed of plant executives should "become thoroughly acquainted with problems that will be presented, have the means set up to take care of these problems, and then see that they are made to work". 03118467 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 30 oo m January, 1945 ^ s 116 Rehabilitation of tbs Disabled Serviceman. Felicia Fuss. Bulletin of the Russell Sagu Foundation Library, No. 162. 14 pp. (Nov., 1944) 2Cd from Russeljj Sage Foundation, 130 E. 2nd St., New York 10, N.Y. This revised bibliography lists books, pamphlets, and articles on physical and^ mental disabilities resulting from war service. Some standard books on the re habilitation of World War I veterans and on civilian rehabilitation are included. 117 Veteran Placement. H.B. Dye. Ind. Med., 13, 989-990 (Dec., 1944) A placement program by which veterans of this war with physical handicaps may bo intelligently moved into industry has been developed at the Northrop Aircraft, Inc. At the Birmingham General Hospital at Van Nuys, California, the Northrop Company has established a training program in which convalescent patients, at regular wages, are trained in actual production of aircraft parts. Upon re covery the discharged veteran is adjusted to and rapidly fits into a special r^\ type of work. It is suggested that there should be camps for the care of the mentally disabled veterans where they could work under the direction of the Aimed Service, doing soil conservation, reforestation, farming, dairying or other outdoor work, thus giving time for a gradual adjustment to civilian life. On the staff should be qualified psychiatrists and physicians who could deter mine when the veteran should be given his final discharge. Agencies should be established in connection with these camps to help place the discharged veterans. 118 Medical Aspects of the Governor's Committee on Rehabilitation and Bnployment. H.K. Cole. Illinois Med. J., 85, 167-169 (April, 1944) Recommendations have been made for a medical program designed to aid in the re habilitation of veterans between the time that the patient is discharged and the time when federal responsibility is assumed. It is planned to decentralize medical service so that the patient can be taken care of in his home town, ex cept in cases where needed specialized services are not available. Free choice of his physician is to be maintained for the patient. A general scale of fees has been tentatively agreed upon, and efforts are under way to establish a simi lar scale for hospitalization. A central office in Springfield will be main tained to review and authorize the work to be done and the fee to be paid. -- J.I.H.&T. 119 Role of Industrial Medicine in the Rehabilitation of Veterans. J.F. Johnson and H.V." Hoffman. J.A.M.A., 126." 1075-1077 (Dec. 23.~1944) The manufacturing industry will probably employ one out of every seven returning veterans and an agency is needed to evaluate physically and mentally the proper placement of those veterans. 85$ of those recently returned are satisfactory employees but some need advice in reconstructing their lives. There is need for informing industrial plants as to what to do with a veteran already em ployed who has an emergency illness or who needs medical or welfare help, also need for appraising the relative value of "seniority" and "being a veteran". -- Condensed from Authors* conclusions. 120 The Disabled War Veteran's Place in Industry. W.S. Paine. The Aetnaizer. 2 pp. (Aug., 1944) Reprints available from Aetna Life Affiliated Companies, Hartford, Conn. The following declaration is quoted to correct any possible erroneous impres sions: "It is, of course, the policy and practice of the member companies of the Association of Casualty and Surety Executives not to advise employers against the employment of disabled persons." A number of agencies believe that their responsibility extends to actual participation in the rehabilitation pro gram and have begun the development of medical and psychiatric techniques. The writer believes that the call to aid in the employment of disabled War Veterans is an opportunity for insurance consultants and the service departments of the insurance carriers. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 31 o January, 1945 -h 121 Thev Don't Call Then. Kandiccnped, A.IV. Herdman. Nat. Safety News, 50, 8-9, 2? (Dec., 1944) co Two deaf mutes, a blind man and a one-armed woman stepped forward one day last summer to receive the Army-Navy E award on behalf of G. Barr and Co., Chicago.* Some years ago, Mr. Barr, unable to obtain a position on account of having lost a leg, founded the business of production of medical supplies. At present 135 of the 150 employees are ''handicapped1', but much of the work is done faster and better than by normal persons. Suitable recreation is a feature of employee relations. Regarding the problem of the returning veteran, Mr. Barr stresses the point that what is needed is not so much physical rehabilitation of the em ployee as mental rehabilitation of the owner. 122 The Curative Workshop. Bell Greve. Virginia Med. Monthly, 71, 100-182 (April, 1344) This is an article advocating a Community Curative Work Shop as a nucleus for rehabilitation or the problems of the handicapped, wherein public and private agencies on State and local level, special agencies for special disabilities and representatives of special services in rehabilitation could plan together. Such a committee could be responsible for analyzing the existing facilities; for interpreting such facilities to the public at large, and for preparing a program for a meeting of lacks and gaps. 123 Rehabilitation; With Special Reference to Occupational Therapy. A. Sheperd. Brit. J. Phys. Med., 44 (March-April, 1944) The writer regrets that patients who have been competently treated for actual injuries need, nevertheless, to be re-hardened after their recovery. The limbs, system and other parts of the patient that are uninjured should not be allowed to become softened by neglect or disuse. Occupational therapy should not be "just something to occupy the mind." Occupational therapy has taken over the exploration of nev; fields, has utilized new methods and is established. -- Condensed from Arch. Phys. Therapy. 124 Deaf but Not Down. Helen Keller. Rotarisn, pp. 14-16 (Nov., 1944) The author tells what the U.S. Amy is doing to aid its deafened men, especially in Deshon Hospital. Each patient has his individual teacher, and many of the teachers ere hard of hearing. The first stop is to tdach lip-reading, correct speech defects and thereby develop 3elf-confidence, and in general personality development is emphasized. The mechanical hearing aid devices are chosen frean a mmber of variations of audiometers and thermionic or vacuum valves, to meet the individual patient's needs. Absenteeism, Hours of Labor, etc. 125 The Recording of Sickness Absence in Industry (A Preliminary Report.) Great Britain, Medical Research Council, Industrial Health Board, Report No. 85. H.M. stationery Office, London. 17 pp. Price 4d. (1944) (1) The keeping of sickness records in industry is essential if absence due to sickness is to be properly estimated and controlled. (2) The method used to ob tain the initial information on absence depends on the si2e, distribution and organization of the industry concerned. (3) The value of sickness records de pends on their accuracy, and on the use of standardized measures of sickness absence. Suitable measures and methods of calculation are given. (4) Certified 03118469 HWBBL0 f ll1391 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 32 January, 1945 sickness absence should be grouped as far as possible into those classes of disease which may have some relation to the working environment. A classifies tion of sickness is given which can serve this purpose. -- Authors' summary 126 Some Aspects of Sick Absence in Industry. H.K. Bashford. 3rit. J. Ind. Med., 1_, 7-10 (Jan., 1944) The accurate sick records which are kept of British postal employees form a valuable basis for studying the effects of many disabilities on working capaci ties. Mon over 40, as a group, incur 55 percent more sickness than those under 40. Younger people incur more sicknesses, but, as a rule, of shorter duration. Women incur from 10 to 17 percent more sickness than men. Catarrh and respira /T: tory troubles claim from 20 to 30 percent of sickness, and digestive disorders about 10 percent. The sick rates of the outdoor staff tend to be above those of the indoor staff, because certain respiratory and rheumatic affections which might not disable an indoor worker might prevent a telephone linesman or post > man from carrying cn. A peace-time figure for sick absences in males under -5 was about five days a year, and six days for females of that age. The figures for a general mixed staff were eight cr nine days per male and nine to eleven days per female. Except in adverse conditions resulting from bombing, war-time has not increased the sick absence. -- Bull. Hyg. Industrial Medical Practice 127 Health Program for Employees in the Meat Packing Industry. H. Earnheart. Trans. 32nd Nat. Safety Cong., 1,, 409-412 (1943) The principles and practicesof a health program in this industry are the same as in ether industries, with somewhat more of a problem in giving sufficient physical examinations on account of soasonal labor requirements. The author mentions three reasons why the medical department may fail to function in the proper role of job replacement: (1) failure of the physician to familiarize himself with job requirements in the plant; (2) reluctance of the employment department to accept the doctor*s recommendations; and (3) lack of contact be tween the doctor and the employment manager. The results of physical examina tion should be confidential between the physician and the employee, but a suit able code system should enable the employment manager to know the exact nature of the work which the employee may be permitted to do. Periodic examination is largely on a voluntary basis, as there are few hazardous occupations. Re garding absenteeism, the author says: nThe common cold remains the No. 1 sea sonal offender as a cause of lost time for illness but it seems there is not a great deal that can be done about it. We frequently think in terms of sending all employees with beginning symptoms of coryza (common head cold) off the job* but I doubt if any industrial physician has nerve enough to advocate such prac tice at this time. Management would not be in a very receptive mood." The employment practice of the industry at present is to employ all available wor kers, including the physically handicapped when there are suitable jobs for thum> 03118470 128 The Scope of Industrial Medicine and Hygiene. J.G. Cunningham. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 51, 439-443 (Nov., 1944) The author discusses the extent of industrial disability, non-occupational occupational sickness, the health program in industry sponsored by medical ciations, government industrial hygiene divisions, the training and duties the industrial physician, and the periodicals devoted to the subject. and asso of Industrial Hygiene Digest - 33 January, 1945 fi*HBB -0011392 129 Employees* Health in Wartime. I.S. Cutter. Trans. 32nd Nat. Safety Cong., 1 646-649 (1943) The health of railway employees has been good in spite of the excess of older men and absence of doctors. The author advocates attention of railway manage ment to the health of employees, and sites several actual cases -.vhere em ployees' health has been saved through their consulting the medical departmon about apparently minor ailments. Rationing presents a nutrition problem; the supply of protein must be kept up. "In the largest measure, however, the nu trition of workers depends upon their own kitchens. Therefore we depend upon the intelligence and willingness to cooperate of the homanaker to insure good meals, with hot food rather than cold." The problem of the older employee's health is considered. He mist be warned against overexertion off the jab. The medical department can greatly assist in employees' health by sound advice, and in a few departments absenteeism has been reduced by 10 to 30$. "If industry doesn't take the lead the Government will move in as it is preparing to do in the TCradle to the Grave' program." 130 Fitting Industry to Human Needs: Contribution of Medicine to Industrial WellBeing. T.A.L. Davies. Lancet, 1^ 223 (Feb. 12, 1944) Until an employer has taken every possible step to protect the health, safety and welfare of the workers, little or no bleme can be attached to the workman for any accident or mishap. Health, safety and welfare form a triad on which the whole structure of industrial medicine rests. Accidents and their preven tion are discussed. Note is made of the workers themselves, their general diet, living conditions, factory morale and absenteeism, in a logical, intelligent, over-all statement, primarily calling for understanding of the workmen's prob lems. -- J.I.H.&T. 131 Clinical Approach to Alleged Traumatic Disease. L. Brahdy and S. Kahn. Ann. Intern. Med.t 18, 491-499 (1943) The effects of injury must be studied as any other problem in the etiology of disease. Diseases are divided into three classes: Those due to injury, those never due to injury, and those which usually develop without injury, but which, in some instances, are caused or activated by injury. The data are listed which arc necessary for evaluating the role an injury plays in producing any specific disease in an individual. Those are: the diagnosis of the disease, the medical condition prior to the injury, its type, site and severity, the immediate effects of the injury, the intercalary period, the bridging symptoms, and the biology of the disease. A number of examples are given to illustrate the principles on which a physician should base his conclusion when he is con fronted with the question of the relationship of the disease to an injury sus tained by a patient. -- Biol. Absts. 138 Discussion on the Clinical Approach to Industrial Medicine. Proc. Roy. Soc. led., 37, 241-246 (April, 1944) Three physicians, who participate in the discussion make observations regarding qualifications, preparation, and practices of industrial physicians. These in clude: some knowledge of the- chemistry of industrial processes and the toxico logical risks in the dangerous trades; a competent staff in medical hospitals to study and teach the medical problems of industry; employment of men of wide clinical experience; industrial health research in which the best physicians and surgeons as well as factory inspectors and research workers cooperate; the industrial doctor should keep in touch with clinical medicine; he must under stand the psychological factor in disability and learn to assess the effect of physical disability on earning capacity. The importance of the pre-employment examination and of the part played by the industrial nurse in the examination of women is stated. A revision of the lews is suggested that would place 03118471 HW0B-0011393 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 34 January, 1945 emphasis, in cases cf industrial accidents, on securing proper treatment rather than paying compensation. Wise legislation by the State would aid in the bette planning of industrial medical and allied services. -- J.I.K.&T. 133 When You Scratch the Surface. Anon. Safety Eng,, 88_, 13-17 (Nov., 1944) The recommendations for medical service for a small plant include contents of a first-aid cabinet, equipment for first-aid room, qualifications of a nurse, and pre-placcment examinations. 134 Endicott-Johnson Medical Plan. E.M. Jones. J.A.M.A., 126, 359-341 (Oct. 7, 1944) An attempt has been made to give to the Endicott-Johnson workers and their de pendents a complete medical service without any limitation except for the need of the patient. The patient-physician relationship has been kept as nearly as possible the same as in private practice. Specialists in every field are available to employees. They are entitled to unlimited hospitalization and un limited amounts of laboratory, x-ray or other examinations. The entire service is free to the worker, the company assuming the whole expense as an oper^ing cost. -- From author's summary. 135 Health Plan Principles in the Kaiser Industries. S.R. Garfield, J.A.M.A., 126, 337-339 (Oct. 7, 1944) This plan, which has proved highly successful, embodies three major principles: (1) prepayment, (2) group practice and (3) adequate facilities. These princi ples are believed by the writer to be the solution to medical care, but hie . > thinks the job should be done by the doctors through their medical organiza tions. A proposed plan would make it possible for all physicians to participate to some extent. There is the suggestion of a new economy of medicine in which the physician would bo remunerated for keeping the patient well, 136 The Operation of an Industrial Health Service. R.V. Ward, Can, Med. Assoc. J., 51, 521-527-(Dec., 1944) In the second paper of the series, the author discusses briefly the relation of an industrial medical service to management, the activities of an industrial medical service, and the personnel and equipment necessary. Under the second heading he includes the pre-employment examination, first aid and treatment of accidents, first aid in Illness In the Industrial medical service, hygienic supervision of the plant, health education of the employees, and visiting nursing service. Each of these subjects will be treated more fully In subse quent papers. 137 Survey of Medical Care in a War Industry Area. M.H. Merrill and M. Mills. J.A.M.A., 126, 887-892 (Dec. 2. 1944) The authors report results of a survey undertaken by the California State De partment of Public Health in the shipbuilding area including a total population of 140,000 to determine: (1) the proportion of the population reached through the prepaid medical care plan (Pemancnte Foundation) and through private prac tice channels; (2) the physician personnel available to care for each of these two seg&ents of the population; (3) the volume of service being rendered each group; (4) adequacy of hospital facilities; and (5) the consumer reaction to medical care being received. Details of the questionnaire, its distribution and results are given. Among the highlights of the information obtained are the high ratio of population to physicians, inadequate .hospital facilities, lack of information concerning the medical facilities available, and lack of facilities to care for the negro population. Most of these factors were the result of the large influx of population that has occurred in that region. 03118472 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 35 a* January, 1945 c* 138 Stanocola Medical Care Plan. J.M. Adams. J.A.M.A., 126, 333-335 (Oct, 7, 19^*5 The Stanocola Medical and Hospital Association is an organization owned, sup- cs ported and operated by employees of the Standard Oil Company of Louisiana in cd Baton Rouge. Medical care and hospitalization are provided for members and jg their families. It is distinct from the Company's medical department whose x: work is limited to industrial medicine, but tho company is interested in its success and lends its support in a number of ways. Details of the organization, administration and financing of the plan are discussed. 139 General Medical Coverage for Industrial Employees. Current Comment, J.A.M.A., 126, 708 (Nov. 11, 1944) Various general medical coverage plans for employees have been published in the Journal recently, and now the Council on Industrial Health of the A.M.A. has adopted a statement of policy which should be helpful to physicians and medical societies faced with the development of plans for general medical coverage. This statement, as approved by the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association, after a preliminary mention of the reasons for the statement, is as follows: (1) The principles on which medical care plans should be based have been defined by the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association. In developing medical care plans, industry should be in agreement with the local county medical society as to the conformity of such plans with these established principles. Plans of this nature should include provision for health maintenance programs, (2) Because of the essential medical nature'of such plans, their policies should be directed and the medical phases should be controlled by the medical departments of industry. (3) The attention of in dustrial management should be directed to the place of the physician in indus trial organization. The expanding importance of health activities in industry demands that the physician be responsible directly to top management and that activities relating to health he centered in and directed through the medical department. 140 Golden State Hospital - Industrial Clinic. C.O. Seppingto'n. Ind. Med., 13. 915-916 (Nov., 1944) The Division of Occupational Diseases of the Golden State Hospital at Los Angeles, California offers a special service to small plants and industries in southern California which is comparable to many medical programs found in the large industries. Patients come to the main unit of the hospital from its own district emergency units which are situated in various areas in and around Los Angeles and from unaffiliated Industrial clinics throughout southern California. The major services rendered at the main unit are: (1) Bnergenoy first aid; (2) Major hospital cases; (3) Plant surveys and medico-legal studies; (4} X-ray and other laboratory studies; (5) Physiotherapy; (6) Work of the claims depart ment. -Pre-placement and periodic examinations ere also conducted* The Pacific Industrial Hygiene and Research Foundation is affiliated with the Golden State Hospital. 141 Six Years* Experience of Prepaid Medical Care for the Tfapioytea of the Ballinger Mine. R.P. Smith. Am. Inst. Mining and Met. Engrs., Tech, Publ. No. 1752. 8 pp. Mining Tech. (Sept., 1944) The paper describes the medical care plan that has been in operation at the Hollinger Mine at Timmins, Ont. since 1937. Membership is a condition of em ployment, with provisions for withdrawal after one year. The employee and de pendents not in his immediate family are subject to medical examination, but members of his family are not. The services provided include all necessary medical services in home, office or hospital, all necessary surgical operations, hospitalization without limit, x-rays for diagnosis and treatment, special nursing care, complete obstetrical care, drugs and medicines, and services of 03118473 /-N K> W- Industrial Hygiene Digest - 36 un January, 1945 specialists. No cash benefits or any form of monetary return is included. cs Free choice of doctor and of patient is permitied. Services not provided in- elude treatment for venereal diseases, dentistry, occupational disabilities, g results from intoxicating liquors, hospitalization of mental diseases and hos-* pitalization of tuberculosis under direction of the Provincial Government. x Most of the funds are provided by contributions of $24.70 per year from each single employee and $37.70 from each married employee, with $13.00 per employee by the company. A small fee is also charged for actual service, to reduce un necessary visits. All payments are made by payroll deductions. The plan is administered by a committee chosen by employees, and a staff of 3 secretaries keeps the medical and financial records. With 8,500 to 9,300 persons in the plan, the total number of patients for 6 years has been 154,273. The plan has been financially successful, and there have been few complaints. 142 Variations in Current Industrial Medical Service Plans. J.J. Wittmer. J.A.M.A., 126, 344-346 (Oct. 7, 1944) The writer describes a plan of voluntary health insurance, which he believes rill banish the specter of government control which has for many years haunted the medical profession. Action on the plan should be prompt and extensive in scope. The medical profession is urged "to work out a modern way of medical care for all our people with due consideration for their financial resources, with adequate provision for their proper care, with provision for an adequate income for the doctor and with a view toward preserving the dignity of the pro fession." - 145 How Can Ophthalmologists be of Greater Service to Industry in Wartime? D.D. Selby. Sight-Saving Rev.. 13, 160 (1943) The following phases of greater service are suggested: (1) studies of the il lumination of industrial areas, and best kind of lighting for various occupa tions; (2) participation in examination procedures; (3) giving advice to em ployees on the care of the eyes; (4) possible arrangements for on-the-job ser vice; (5) industrial ophthalmological research; and (6) a goggle program, -- Condensed from C.M.A.J. 144 Chest X-Ray Survey Methods in Practice. A.B. Robins. Am. J. Pub. Health, 34, 657-642 (June, 1944) Experience with the rapid roll paper method and roentgen-pbotograpfegr on 35 xbbu film has demonstrated both to be satisfactory chest x-ray survey methods. Both possess a sufficiently high level of diagnostic accuracy for screening purposes. Thirty-five mm. roentgen-photography is the more flexible method, leading Itself to the operation on either service or self-operated basis. Its greatest advan tage, however lies in the increased speed in reading and greater convenience in handling of small sized films in roll form. This principle we V'ieve is essen tial to practical survey operation, and will be a fundamental par. of' the survey methods of tomorrow. -- Author's summary. 145 Mouth Infection and Industrial Health. E.H. Thomas. Ind. Mod., 13, 900-905 (Nov,,1944) The menace of mouth infection, the most prevalent and prolific source of infec tion which is the underlying cause of systemic disease, is emphasized, and an analysis given of the reasons for its continuing high incidence. The benefits to industrial health of preventing or eliminating mouth infection are pointed out, both by statements made over 25 years ago and by recent quotations of authorities in industry confiming these benefits. The role of a competent den tal department in a mouth-health program for industry is discussed. The conclu sion is that every industrial plant should make available to its employees a competent mouth-health program. Such a program will be invaluable, not only 03118474 ITLrT1 m Industrial ^giene Digest - 37 January, 1945 cs cs from the standpoint of health and efficiency, but also from that of employee 0I3 and socio-economic relations* 03 146 Disability Evaluation* E.D. McBride* J. Indiana State Med. Assoc., 37_> 293294 (June, 1944) In order to determine compensation figures, every injury must be evaluated in economic terms, which involve loss of earning capacity and economic or social need of disabled/workman or his dependents. Those factors cannot be predicted in any particular case, and the most generally satisfactory method of evaluating " injuries is through the schedule plan, usually specifying loss of parts of limbs or of sense organs. The*doctor as a medical witness is usually incompetent to measure disability, but there should be agreement upon some standards. The fol lowing points should be respected: (l) impartial history; (2) subjective com plaints should be verified by physical findings; (3) reliable interpretation of x-rays; (4) accurate consideration of anatomic loss as to seriousness; (5) know ledge of physics and geometry on the examiner1 s part to interpret the effect of static deformities; (6) the ability of the body to readjust to deformity. The author advocates a standard of measurement based on the percentage value of the various factors which promote function. There are seven such factors; quick ness of action, coordination of movement, strength of effort, security and con fidence, endurance of activity, safety as a workman, and prestige of noz&al physique in securing employment. Percentages of the whole are assigned to these factors, and estimation of each factor varies with the job, possibilities of rehabilitation, surgical improvement, social limitations, age, intellectual aspirations or opportunities, and the suitability of readaptation of working effort. 147 Simple Artificial Respirator. P.W. Nathan. J. Royal Army Med. Corps, 82, 2225 (Jan/, 19^4) The author describes a respirator for emergency use in the interval before a patient is brought to a negative pressure respirator for resuscitation, and where the case is not one of ecanplete respiratory failure but of difficult res piration arising from carbon monoxide, apparent drowning, paraplegia and other affections. The action is simply rocking the patient about 10 times per minute. 148 Influence of Different Forms of Mechanical Artificial Respiration on the Pul monary and Systemic Blood Pressure. P.P. Volpitto, R.A. Woodbury and B.E. Abreu. J.A.M.A., 126, 1066-1068 (Dec. 23, 1944) Seven different forms of mechanical artificial respiration were studied for their influence on the pulmonary and systemic blood pressure. This was made possible by employing a now technic for measuring the effective pulmonary and systemic blood pressure in laboratory animals not operated on and unanesthe tized. Irrespective of the method of mechanical artificial respiration em ployed, recovery of the animal was accomplished when respiratory arrest, and slow weak cardiac contractions were produced with heliin. No significant change in pulmonary and systemic blood pressure was produced with any of the methods of resuscitation studied when cardiac and respiratory arrest occurred, either by helium or by electrically induced ventricular fibrillation. Any blood flow which was produced by the resuscitators did not reach the coronary and cerebral arteries. Instead, blood was pushed toward the extremities and cutaneous areas. Intrapulmonic positive pressure greater than 10 to 12 mm. of mercury, if maintained for a prolonged period of time, may hinder venous return to the right side of the heart. The so-called "milking action" of the intra- pulmonic positive-negative type of resuscitator did not effectively increase the return of blood to the heart. -- Authors* sunmary. 03118475 Industrie! fygiene Digest - 38 149 The Paradox of Vocational Disability. L. Brahdy. Diseases of the Chest, 10p 5 pp. (Sept.-Oct., 1944) The physician may certify disability in the paradox,' "From a vocational viewco point, totelly disabled at the present time but capable of doing selected wo," The role of rehabilitation should be explained to employers, insurance carriers, and civic authorities who require disability certificates in order to administer sick-pay and insurance benefits. The patient vail be able to do useful work and progress toward completely restored working capacity only if a job is made available in which work, hours, and the patient are under medical control. Such rehabilitation is most successfully done by the former employer. Special in stitutions for rehabilitation are also valuable. -- From author's summary. 150 Industrial Nutrition Program of W.F.A. H.F. Kilander. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 20, 382-384 (June, 1944) The genera! objective of the industrial nutrition program is that of improving the health and efficiency of industrial workers through raising their dietary standards. This objective can be furthered by serving nutritious food under proper eating conditions within the industrial plant and by obtaining the ac tive cooperation of labor groups in improving the eating habits of workers. A corollary to this objective is that of improving the health of members of the worker's family through tho carry-over value of the knowledge he has acquired through the industrial nutrition program. An outline is given of W.F.A. acti vities. The following recommendations are made both to labor and management for their consideration in setting up or improving their in-plant nutrition programs: (1) that management and labor become informed on the relationship be tween the worker's diet and his health, working capacity, accident rate, morale and absentee record, (2) that food be made available to industrial employees through in-plant feeding, (3) that the lunch supply at least one third the daily protective food requirements, (4) that a well balanced plate lunch be served at a reasonable price, (5) that food be made available to all shifts, (6) that the lunch period be at least 30 minutes in length, (7) that considera tion be given to between-mcal feeding, (8) that an educational program on food and nutrition be conducted, (9) that a labor-management committee on food and nutrition be fomed in the plant, and (10) that management employ a dietitian. -- J.I.H.&T. 151 Absence cf Rapid Deterioration in Men Doing Hard Physical Work on a Restricted Intake of Vitamins of the B Complex. A. Keys, A. Eenschel, E.L. Taylor, 0. Mickelsen and J. Brozek. I. Nutrition, 27, 485-496 (June 10, 1944) Studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of a diet low in vitamins of the B complex in men doing hard physical work. Five test subjects and three controls were standardized for 21 days. A deficiency period of fourteen days followed, during which the test subjects were deprived of vitamins of the B complex and the controls received supplements daily. Following tho deficient period, both groups received supplements for five days. Throughout the whole experiment, both groups followed fixed rigid daily routines. Careful clinical and psychomotor observations, as well as laboratory examinations of the blood and urine were made at frequent intervals. All' results were in conclusive agreement that the vitamin intake and limitation were without effect on all the functions measured. The claims of Johnson et al. that normal men undergo phy sical deterioration in a few days of hard work on diets similarly restricted in B vitamins are seriously questioned. The latter group of investigators, in an appended note, point out that significant differences in experimental conditions must account for the different results. -- J.I.H.&T. 031184*76 152 Management Control in Industrial Cafeterias. Quindara 0. Dodge. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 20, 390-394 (June, 1944) The plant cafeteria that meets the requirements of both management and workers today needs to be scientifically org&&ize& end administered by a cafeteria Industrial Eygiene Digest - 39 oo o January, 1945 ri director with training and experience in the applied sciences of foods, nutri tion, and institution management. The article is noteworthy for its concise coverage of the various problems of cafeteria management, the foods, menus, S5 labor, cleanliness, waste, etc. -- J.I.H.&T. j* 153 Nutrition in Industry. F.M. Gatto. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 20. 384-386 (June, 1944) Incentive to better nutrition may be created by offering "Victory Lunches" in factories, and incorporating desirable food items. Booklets on adequate diet may add incentive also. It behooves any physician concerned with industrial health to bear in mind the necessity of encouraging the best feasible dietary selections and the appropriate handling, transportation, preparation and serving of food. -- J.I.H.&T. r-*. 154 The Bnployment of Cardiacs: Problems Encountered. F.E. Poole and J.R. Bent. Ind. Med., 13, 479-486 (June, 1944) This study was undertaken because of difficulties encountered in the placement of cardiacs. They have the least possibility of utilization because of the pro gressive nature of the disease. Prejudices on the part of lay supervision arise from misunderstanding of the cardiacs' employment possibilities. Use of the .pre- employment examination and the system of limitation classification make it possi ble to place a handicapped employee so that he is as capable on his job fes nag employee would be. The employment of cardiacs in 99 out of 353 job clatfes-' ` tions in the industry resulted from an analysis of plant jobs and a job JjreSfc*' down. Statistical analysis shows that the study group compared with plant averages in the matters of: sex, age, pay rates aad Reason* foT'^er- minations. Experience with cardiacs was above the average in the factors of'"- sickness absenteeism, medical treatments, and, generally, aozkman*s compensation and group insurance. In the matter of duration employment only, was tbs record of the group poorer. -- From authors* summary. 155 A Survey of 2.000 Industrial Eye Injuries. X. Collier. BAt* J* Physical led, and Ind. Hyg., 181-182 (Nov.-Dec., 1943) The author, who is the medical officer of a large engineering irozfcs,. treated . 2,000 consecutive eye injuries with sodiun sulphacetadde (albucld' soditm) in 10 percent solution. Of those treated only 17 employees lost working tift* and only 3 were off for more than 3 days. Details of the trrntftqfrt nts gjTeriii --- ~ J.I.H.&T. i* - ^ r: - "-v: ' 156 Occupational Potentialities of Cardiac Patients. B. Ereeky-Sad l^J.-Ooldwater* Am. Heart J.7 27, 623-633 (May, 1944) The charts of 2,081 patients wix> attended the New York Heart jlisooiatlda Adult x Cardiac Clinics in 1941 were analyzed with respect to age, sex* type ^f hert ^ :i disease, functional capacity, and occupation. The percentage'of minVfld employed and also the percentages of patients afflicted' with tbs various types . u of disease are given. The relation between the type of disease-with'which a ^ ^ a worker is afflicted and the class of labor in which he is employed is also s~. . -> pressed in percentages. A direct ratio is observed between the fractional capacity (the patient's appraisal of his ability to perfom physical activity) and the number of patients who worked, also between the functional capacity and the proportion engaged in unskilled labor. The Work Classification XhlX of the Adult Cardiac Clinic of Bellevue Hospital classifies employable cardiaos, recom mends jobs for them, and also follows them at their jobs. Details of the work of this Unit are presented. -- J.I.H.&T. ' 03118477 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 40 {Additional News Items) 157 UAW-CIO Health Institute Opens January 16, 1945 January, 1945 Ov CN r-j The United Auto Workers Tcio) announce the opening of their Health Institute __ in new and enlarged quarters in Detroit, with Morris Raskin, M.D., as Directory Last Spring the Union purchased the old Edsel Ford home on Jefferson Avenue, ^ Detroit, and this has since been remodeled to house the Health Institute. Theca program of the Institute is outlined by George F. Addes, International Secreta^ and Treasurer of the UAW, as follov/s: "(l) A high standard of individual exam inations for all workers with industrial health problems; (-2) Group examinations from shops where workers suffer similar symptoms, thus seeking to aid in the discovery and prevention of any industrial health hazard; (3) The establishment in all Local Unions of Health and Safety Committees and the inclusion in all collective bargaining agreements of satisfactory health and safety clauses; (4) A health Education program which will reach every worker; (5) A personal service offering professional help to workers with personal problems that af fect their adjustment to work and their relationship with other people." f^\ y--" 158 Pittsburgh Coal Names Medical Director The Pittsburgh Coal Company announces the appointment of Dr. Daniel C. Braun as Medical -Director of its new department of Industrial Medicine created to provide better supervision of the health of company employees and research into medical problems peculiar to coal mining* A graduate of the University of Pittsburgh's School of Medicine, class of 1937, Dr* Braun served his internship at Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh. He joined Pittsburgh Coal as medical exminer in September, 1938* Dr* Braun took post-graduate work in Industrial bygone at Pitt in 1941. He is a manber of the county medical society; the rezmsyj Medical Association, the American Industrial fygiene Association sad the Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. /r*.'P'sv5;-. art- 159 Michigan Mutual Advances Purdy. Walter E. Otto, President of the Michigan-Mutual Liability Company* announces the appointment of James A. Purdy as Vice-President in charge of Mngineering V' / /,-"* and Industrial Hygiene. Mr. Purdy has been associated with the Company since ' '.Jti 1921. Starting as a Safety inspector, he was made Director1 of Srfety Nagifieex^T -"^; ing in 1924, which position he still retains, Mr. Purdy is an active member ' of numerous State and National Safety organizations. Be is a paat`m*ttrr.of the Executive Committee and Board of Directors of the National~8eftty OOUhcily - nnd last year served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of theDetroit Industrial Safety Council. Under Mr. Purdy's direction, tha Oaapaay*0 *oeident- prevention activities have experienced a steady growth in the fields of Xmduev trial and Public Safety. ''.--"x:.'- *"> ' 160 California Union Urges Legislative Action on Health Insurance* '-T'-1 The California Legislature was informed on January 19 that ifltfalledto a compulsory health insurance law at this session the State OOocuacilhould join with other groups to get an initiative measure on. this gtfbjmot pet om tb*-4r^ ballot of November, 1946. Mervyn Rathborne, secretary-treasurer ef the CIO , ^5 * \t .* council, said his organization would sponsor its own prepaid medical JCfto* v` ^ bill. This differs in some respects from the bill to be-sponsored by Qevemor Y/arren. It provides for a stated payment per yeer to every dpetef or group Of . -f doctors participating except for specialists* charges, which wouldha paid on a fee basis. Governor Warron insists on the fee systoa all the way through* *. Both plans provide for a 3 percent payroll tax, the employer and the employee each paying half* The Warren bill tentatively provides that the tax be levied on the first $4,000 of income, the CIO bill on the first $5,000* Governor Warren proposes that collection of contributions start seme time in 1946 and that the system begin operation on Jan. 1, 1947. The CIO wuld start collec tions next July and begin medical care and hospitalization a year later. -- New York Times, pp. 3 (Jan. 21, 1945) C2 S Absentcoiaa British postal employees 126 recording 125 Air contaminants control of 113 Air duct friction 108 Air sterilisation committee report 109 glycol vaporization 110 Artificial respiration 147 devices for 148 Asbestos corns 68 Asbestosis and pulmonary carcinoma 69 Benzene poisoning and diet 50 toxicity of homologues 49 Beryllium oxide health hazards 39 Blasting explosives toxic gases from 95 Book Reviews and Notices 13-14-15-16 Brucellosis occurrence of 28 Burns sulfuric acid 24 Carbon monoxide poisoning elimination (experiment tal) 33 experimental chronic 32 Carbon tetrachloride poisoning 46-47-48 Chemical industry health hazards ' 18 Coal and silica effects on lungs (mice) 66 Common cold vaccines for 17 Cotton industries occupational illness 59 Cyanide poisoning treatment of 35 DDT 56 toxicity of 55 Dentistry v industrial 145 INDES a cs (January, 1945) oa as Dermatitis 74-86 adhesive tape 78 allergic contact 88 and chemical structure 76 anthracene oils 87 from arsenicals 75 cutting oils 77 experience (Maine) 89 experience (DSPHS) 84 food industry 83 jute industry 82 lemon grass oil 73 new protective croam 70 from parasites 79 prevention 80 from smoke and fumes 81 textile 72 value of patch test 85 vinyl carbazole 93 Deimatophytosis industrial 27 Disability evaluation 146 Dust appraisal 96 Dust control foundry 112 Dust system inspection Boston Gear Works 111' Electric spark ignition test methods 96 Tbmlosives manufacture precautions 99 ^ye injuries in mines 102 treatment of 155 yiuoride waters systemic effects from 34 rood poisoning 19-80 roundries safety from eye injury 63 Hard work effect of diet on 151 Heart disease 154 and work 156 Heat effect of diet 31 physiological factors 29 prophylaxis 30 Hydrogen sulfide in sewage plants 36 Illumination machine shops 105-107 sheet metal shops 103 welding shops 104-106 Industrial clinic 140 Industrial medicine clinical approach 132 contribution of 130 scope of 128 Keratoconjunctivitis actinic 26 case history 25 Lead analysis for 97 soldering hazards 43 urinary.. v *41 Lead poisoning statistics iy Incite toxicity March induetrih___ trations___ Meat packing lafafstry " health ^ Medical eare ^ - sorter qf -'iUg Jgjfftm i;4ai _________ _SJhjB>ASA' wQfttanr ;s3r ... water sprayrr faUe - acute. VTA industrial Patch tMtjgfc of akin * *- ' 151*153 180 - -m us ^ 71 03118478  INDEX os os (July, 1945) Absenteeism non-occupstional 900 Accident prevention 919 Aging in man 885 Air-borne infection control of 856 ultraviolet disinfection 855 use of propylene glycol 857 Aluminum therapy in silicosis 886 Anoxia acute high altitude 880 Arsenic trioxide 905 Atmospheric pollution due to snoke 852 Bums therapy of 876 Butvl alcohol keratitis from 864 Cadmium poisoning outbreak of 859 Carbon monoxide determination of' 846 poisoning 906 Carbon tetrachloride determination of in blood 842 in medical therapy 887 Chest diseases diagnosis of 881 toxicity of 907 Chloroform det'n of, in blood 842 Dermatitis 875-875 Ethylene chlorohvdrin aoute poisoning of 870 Ethvlene elvcol toxicology of 865 Exhaust systems design 858 Eve injuries 882-885. Finishing tanks ventilation of 855 Graphite Phenol polsnn-ing 872 pulmonary disease 861 Phlebitis ^nd turns 874 Halowax Psychiatry 891 hepatotoxic effects 871 industrial 890 Heat tolerance 877 Oviriina simulated jungle Heated air inhalation of Heart effect of altitude 879 Hydrocarbon chlorinated determination of 878 906 on 845. in respiratory diseases 888 Rock duetintr British.report 851 Silica detwirinit^affQf -841 v- Iftdugtaifll taeigns survey 901 Industrial mediojnj 892 Industrial poisoning diagnosis of 884 Iron oxide effects of 885 lung changes Labor ~ 862 . _ .... agreements '895 and industrial hygiene 894 Lacauer removing deposits Leptospira . 920 ..* and penicillin 909 Helical record keaoiqp 889 ' Mereurr pgigypigg 990- v.. bums 888 determination of x 845-844 ' ''V;C intoxication 866-867-869. Mine arc welders safety suggestions 849 : Mine disasters electricity blamed for- 918 Mining, hot coolers for 850 Occupational analyais^ publications 895 v V*- * Jy. -r