Document 1074ev0DyZO6q2KbNg4o65eOm

pt 425Wolot See, Sue 1800/ Cinna OW 45202-39T5k7:5133812638 ax: 513.3T8l1S0t2e0t5ins & flitsteo1m2 Cinannat/Cleve! Comes/Dayton indanapots. Norther Kentucky Phocns/eng Rbroisetertr Aeegnrcoon August 31, 2010 EPA Docket Center, MC 28227 USS. Environmental Protection Agency EPA West, Room 3334 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20460-0001 Re: Submission to IRIS and AR-226 Database For PFOAPFOS: EPA-HQORD-2003-0016 To IRIS Database for PFOA/PFOS: In response to the Notice issued by USEPA on February 23, 2006, regarding USEPA's sulfonate efforts to (`PFOS") cwoitnhsiindetrhepeIrnftleugorraotoecdtRainsokicIancfiodrm(aPtiFoOn AS)ysatnedm perfluorooctane (`IRIS"), 71 Fed. Reg 9333-9336 (Feb. 23, 2006), we are submitting the following additional information to USEPA for inclusion in that review, and for inclusion in the AR-226 database: 1. Minnesota Department of Health, "Public Health Assessment: Perfluorochemical Contamination in Souther Washington County, Northem Dakota County, and Southeast Ramsey County, Minnesota," (public comment release draft) (August 25, 2010); and 2. Kraugerud, M., etal, `Pefluorinated Compounds Differentially Affect CSetlelrAosisdaoyge,n"e(sdiosctionrtahletHheusmisamnanAudsrecnroicpotr)ti(cAaulguCsatr2c0i1n0o)m.a (H295R) inVitro RAB:mdm Enclosure tegen Robert A Bilott CONTAIN: S NO CBI p2 APuagguest2 31, 2010 cc: GHleolreina GPoosetd(eNnJ(DMEDPH))w(/wienceln.c)l()v(ivaiaU.US..S.MaMiali)l) Lora Weer (ATSDR)(w/ encl.) (via U.S. Mail) wiaossotny p.3 aPderrefnloucoorritniactaeld ccaormcpionuonmdas(dHiIf9feSrRe)ntiinaillryoafcfeelclt assesracyi.dogenesls inthe human Marianne Kraugerud", Kaci E. Zimmer', Ek Ropstad, Seven Verhacger "Department of Production Animal Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, "PoDsetpbaorkmse8n1t46ofDeBpa,si0c033SciOselnoc,esNoarnwdayAquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Post8b14o6Dkeps, 0033 Oslo, Norway. "All correspondence 0: Marisane Kraugerud Phone: +47 22597049 EFamxa:il:+4M7a2r2i5a9n7n0e81Kraugerud@veths no Key. words: perflorooctane sulfonate; perflorooctanoie acid; perflcrononanoic. acid; steroidogenesis;endocrinedisrupion; H29SR Acknowledgements "Thisworkwassupported byth Research Councilof Norway(1584497110 and 175098/V40). The authors would lie to thank Ellen Dak, Krisine von Krogh and Camilla Alms for excellent technical assistance. . V. would like to thank Dr. Chrisie Nelleman and Dr. Anders Elleby Engel-Kofoed at the National Food Institute, Denmark, fo the chance of visting their lab and for assisting us in esublishing and sundarizing the H29SR steroidogenesis assy. Manuscript ' pd Abstract Pectisorinatedcompounds(PFCs) ae man-made chemicals which are present throughout the ecosystem, usingconcems sbout potential harmful effectsofPFCs onhumansand the environment. I ordetro investigatetheeffectsof PFCs onsteraid hormone production, human adrenocorical H295R cells wereexposedothree PFCs including perfuorooctane sulfonate (PROS), pefluoroociancic acd (PFOA) and perflooromonanacciicd (PNA) at six iferatconcentrations (6 1Mt0 600 uM)for48 hours. Oestradiol, progesterone, testosteroneandcortisol were measured inthecll medium using radioimmunoassay. In `aditon,geneexpression of 14genesencoding proses involved in steroidogenesis was measured using qRT-PCR. Exposure 0PFOS resulted ina increas in oestradiol, Progesterone and testosterone sereion st 600 kM. Furthermore, testosterone was cevated at 6 KM and 600 aMofPFandOreduAced at 60 uM PENA. Gene expression ofCYP 14 was Gecreased byal exposure doosf PeFOsA, whereas HMGR was decrease by 60 nM PENA, We conclude thatal PFCsestedare capable ofaltering sieroidogenesis n the H29SR in vitro mode.ThegreatesteffectsweeseenwithPROSexposureatthe highestdosetested.The lteations in hormone secretion caused by PFOS appeared o be medistd by mechanisms otherthan changesingene expressionof steroidogenic cazymes 2 Manuscript p.5 Introduction Perforatedcompounds(PFCs)arcman-made chemicals usead ngrediats in a wide variety ofapplications including sai repellents and lubricanatss wel ss nthe producion of dRueotreocpaobtlymterhs urseod ianulnlcogno-mshptaircoktmcueonotktwsaorfe,thDueecotostyshteermwiindcelsupdirnegadaru,sew,atPeCr,ssaerdeimnenotws, animals and humans (Fromme al. 2009 Nakaia eal. 2006; Yamashita et al. 2005) even tionwraermdostteheplapcoteesnstiuaclhhaasrtmfhulstefifec(tAsMoAnPh,u2m0a0n9s)a.nRdtehceenetnlvy,irmouncmhenatteanssioocniahtaesd bweietnh tdhiercted (loUnNgE-Pte)rmmaexdpeostuhreesde1cisPiEoCns.toAsstahreeaPlE,CthpeecUfnliutoerdooNcattainoenssuElfnovniartoen(mPeFntOSP)roagnrdamismes.ais as persistent organi poluaats (POPS) a the Stockholm Convention inGeneva, May, 2009 PFCs consist ofa fll furinatedsaight carbonbackbone oftypically 4-14 carbons. DtaucehteodthteoscahbailrigyedofftuhnecCio-nFablomnide,tPyF,gCiavringsiloswl0y 8deglraardgaebvlaer,ieatnydohfumomlaenchuallfes(iFviegsuraes 1) long855.4years nd3.8yeasfor PROSan perflucrooctanoi aid (PFOA), wo of themost abundant PFC, have been reported (Olsen etal. 2007). Allough the evidenceof adverse ffcts ofPFCs in human epidemiological studies has been caosrurbejleactteodfwidtehbaatleo,wseormbeisrttuhdwieeisgahtve(fApoeulnbdertghettinalc,re2a0s0i7n;gFheuientaan.pla2s00m8a)P.FFCurstahreremore, dicos laboratoryanimalssuggest that PECsincreases the iskof slirth, decreases foetal weightand causesdevelopmental defect (Cas et al. 2001s Lav tal 2003; Thibodeau ta, 2003). This isofgreat concern, particularly considering that clearance rates offemPaFlCe raatrschmluclhivheisgohfer0.in08soamnde 2of.t4hedaIyasbofroartoPrFyOsApecainedsptehcafnuicnrohunmoannasn.aiFcoraecixde(mPpFlNeA,)i.n respectively, havebeen reported (Obmereit al. 2003). iImsvisvolssbteucdosmitynpgiicanlclryeraespionrgtlydercerceoagsaeidzpeldatshmaa lPeFveClsc.oafntaecsttaossteenrdooncerainnde tdihsrtuphtyorrosi.d Several hormone thyroxin in addition sn increase in ocstadil and corso following expos 10 OPaFkCesisneclaul.din2g0P0R4OTShiabnoddePaFuxOeAt (aB,ie2g0e0l3). aSl,di19e9s5;haBvieeallsotaidle,ni2f0i0e1d; Lwaewaektaclarc2i0n0o3g;enic Manuscript 3 p.6 effect ofPROA, manifested bya increased incidofehnepcateic andLeydigcel adenomas in rts(Biege tal, 1995; Bieetagl.,2e00l1), Whereasth hepatictumourinductioins: mediated thoughperoxisomeproliferator receptor (PPAR) binding, iti postulated tha the lenveeolpsl(astiBc raintsefaolr,gm2a0i0eo1n)o.fTLheiysdiisgofeglrseaatrceocnaceursneddau,te(le0astthepparotsiailblyl,ebyienlkevbaettewdeeonestradiol estrogenic effectsof covironmentalpollion and the increased prevalenceof human testicular cancer (Skakkebek tal, 2001). "To date, lie research hasfocussed 0 the toidogenesis pany a potential target or PFCs. Furthermore,previous studies ave invariablybeencarrioeudt on issues and cell cultures ofanimal origin. Considering thegreat differences in response to PFCs and the elimination between some species, tis evident that interspecies extrapolationofthese results would be inaccurate. "aTdhreenhaulmcaonrtaedxraennodciortciacpaalbleelofffnlel, Hs2te9r5oRi,dosgheonewssicsha(rGaactzedriasrticetsalo. f1a99n0;unSdaifkfkeerebnatciaktetdafo.etal 2001). Furthermore, it as been employed asain vitro modelfor studying endocrine adisssrauyptfoorrsefafnedctistiosncsutrerreonitdloygebneeisnigs.evaluatbeyd the US-EPA and OCD as a Tier| screening "fTohuenid minoefnvtihirsonsmteundtyawlassamtopliensveasftfiegcattestheorowidtohgreeneessiisucitnrtahelyhudmifaenreHn2t9PSFRCsincvoimrmoocenlly model.Thecompounds include the ight carbon chain malecules PFOS and PFOA in addition othe nine carbon chain molecule PENA, Materials and methods Chemicals Tetabutylammoniumhepiadecafivorooetancsulfonaie,pefloroociancie acid nd perflouoronenanaic acid were purchasedi powder form fromSigna:Aldrich (1 Louis, MO, 4 Masuseript p.7 USA) wipturihtyof 95%, 90% and >97% respectively. Chemwierecdiassollvsed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to 600 mM stock solutions and stored naliquots at 20C. H29SR cell culture "The H29R cll lin was obtained rom the American Type Culture Collection (TCC CRLE2a1g2l8e, mATeCdCi,urMHanaamsFs1as2,(VDAM,EUMSUAF)I2a)ndcconlnuiendginHETPeEmS bfulfafsekrs,iL-Dgullubteacmicnoe'samnoddpiyfriieddoxine HI (Gibco, Invitrogen, Paisley, UK). The medium was further supplemented with 1% TS + wpirtehmi5x%4anCdO;2.i5%nNhuumSiedrifuined(BatDmBoisopshceireen.ceMse,dBieudfmorwda,sMcAh)a.ngCeedlelsvewreyre2-i3ndcauybsaatenddatc3el7lsC pEaDssTaAge(dGait bap,prIonvxiitmraotgeelny, P8a0is%lecyo, nUfK)lufeoblnlycoweebdrbeyfceenxtproisfuurgeat1i0on0.a2n5d%reycpedsiingn,.T3hemcMells wereusedbetweenpassages -13 Exposurestudies FFroarnkelxipneLraimkeenst,sN,Jc,ellUsSAw)e.reCseelesdewderset3ixnc1ub0atcede24lhlourisnp2r4-iwoteroleexlpcouslutruer1e0 tphlatcsom(pFoalucnodns,. F295R cells wer exposed for 48 hours six concentrations (6 1M, 60 aM, 600M, 6 iM, i6p0laicMaoter6w00e4olMf)6lo0f0 PuEMOSt,ePxFrOsAbourtPyElNaAmoofniurimpeichdailtseosso.rlEvieaddchapDlaMtSaOls(oFcFoOntSa)ionred0.1%. "DMSO (PFOA snd PENA) as solvent contol and 10 iM forskolin s posiiv control tFoorssdkroelnioncsotriimtulzaotpehsiccyhcloircmAoMneP((AcCATMH)P,) tphreopdhuycstiioolnogiincaHl2SstSiRmuclealnlts oafnaddrheansosicmoirltaircaelffets `Sieroidogenesis (Gracin et al, 2006), Theexperimentwasconducted independently three mesforhormone analysis and cell viailsy assay, and Give timesfor RT-PCR. Cellvibilyassay cCoellllevcitaebdilaintdy wstaosredtaitmateCdusfisonugbsAlcaqmuaernbtlheoramsosyn.e Aantaltyhseise.ndEaofchexwpeolsurrec,cimveeddi1ummlwafsr.esh mediumcontaining 10% AlamasBlue (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). lates were incubated for 8 Manuscript s [x] further 3 hours, thena 100 ul sample fom each wel was transferred in duplicates 0: fresh 96-well ELISA plate (Falcon, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and read in a ViewrSTM spectrophotometer(Perkin Emer, Shelon, USA) at $70nman6d00 am. Viability was expressed as percenoftsoalvgenet cont. Radioimmunoassay Ocstradiol175, testosteroneandcorso secreted inthe cll culture medium were measured usingCost-a-countradioimmunoassay (RIA) Kis (Siemens, CA, LA, USA). Progesterone was measured using Spectra Progesterone RIAkit(Orion Diagnostic, Espoo, Finland). All is were used acco0mranudfaictunrerg's instructions, The only modification vas the us of fresh standard solutions prepared in medium from same batcha the cell cultures, rather than. thesuppliedstandards.Thelimits of detection were 20p/n,0.8 ng, 0.10ng/mland3.0 ng/ml and inter-assay coeficofivaerinattiosn were 63%, 9.5%, 8.85% and 8.55% for oestradiol, progesterone, estoserons and corso respectively. RNA preparation "Total RNA was isolated rom cel culture plats using Qiagen RNeasy mini-cit (Qiagen. (Crawley, UK) accordingtomanufacturer's recommendations Lysis buffer was added to ele andcels detached byscraping the bottom ofthe well with the pipete tp. Priotro RNA extraction, eel sats were then centrifuged through Qiagen shreddersincoms (Qiagen. `Crawley, UK). Samples were treated with DNase (RNaseFree DNase Se, Qiagen, Crawley, UK) on-column for 15 minatroom temperature. Afer solton, samples were cluded in RNase-free H,0 nd sored at 70C. RNA concentrationand quality was determined using. NanoDrop(Thermo-Scintifc, Waltbam, MA, USA)and Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clas, CA, USA)respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR GeNorm human detectionkitandsoftware PrimerDesign Li, Southampton, UK) was used 10 predict the most stable reference genes. Outofhe fivegencs tested (32M, fctin WHAZ, ATPS5, GAPDH),YWHAZsndATPSBwere the most stable werethes selected 5. referencegenes in this sd. 6 Manuscript po Primer sequences for CYPIIA, CYPIIB2. CYPI7, CYPIS, CYP, 3pHSD2. I7HSDI. IBHSDA, SUR and HMGRwes obtained rom (Hilscherova eal. 2004). Primers or (CYPI181 were designed by PrimerDesgn Ld (Southampton, UK). Primer sequences for SF- 1, DAX-1and ACTH. were designedi house sing PrimerExpress version 1 (Applied uBsiionsgynstemus, cFostBleLrACeiStTy,aoCnAd,tpUrSiimAe)rd(BTLaAbeSleT 1).(hSppebcifaincchisfolr sltliprgimoevpaBliarss were cs). checked Al primers were used in aworkingconcentration of 200 aM. Th primers were tested with regard 10 annealing emperature. PCR products wer analysed on a ethidium bromideagarose gl 0 ensurethe expected productwas formed an fo check orpotential primerarefucts. `SyntohfecsDiNsA and quaniative PCRwaspesformed using Superscript latioun 11 Two- Step GRT-PCR with SYBR Green (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) cording to manufacturer's instructions. The cDNA synthesis was performed usinagPelesThermalCycler 225 (MIRescarch, Waltham, MA, USA)and RT-PCRwascarried out usingaDNA Engine "Thermal Cycler with Chromo 4 Real-Time Detector (MIResearch, Walham, MA, USA)and tssoftware, Opticon Monitor 3, (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). In the reverie transcription reaction (cDNA synbess), RNA samples were spi into technical iplicates, A negative control that had not ben subjected to reverse anseiptaseenzymewasadded pes samplteo ensure 0 DNA contaminationofthe RNA sample. Futhermoe, a negative contol wchheercek fnoor tpermipmleartdewimaesrafdodremadtpiroinosratnodDcoNntAasmiynnatthieosni.sTwahseaincmludoedouffo cnDcaNtcAh pardidmeedrpfaoith1e0 GPCRreactionwas 10mg calculated from he orignal RNA concentration. Cyclinconditions were 50C, 2min (UDG incubation), 95C, 2 min (enzyme activation), llowed by 40 cycles Of 95Cin1 se,62Cin30sec and 72Cin30see. Attheend ofeachrun amelingcurve from 65- 90C, primerdimersor ead for 1 products sec every 03C, was included from genomic DNA snd other DtoNmoAnicotnotrapmoitneanttiioanl. fomasioofn Negative controls without template and without RTenzyme were also monitored or any products formed durin the GPCR reaction. PCRdaaanalysis Dat was rsfered from Opiicon Monitor 3 softwarein an Excel spreadsheetforfurther processing. The ACE was calculated fom the diffrence in expression becween the gene of Manuscript 7 p.10 interest and the mean expressionof the tw reference genes. The AACt was calulstd fom th difference in ACK between cells exposed to solvent control and the chemicaloferes. Foldchangewascalculated using74, Statistical analysis Sustical analysis was performed using IMP software (SAS Insitute Ic, Cary, NC, USA). "The diseibutionofdata was tested usinth Shapiro Wik est. Ocstradiol daa was not normalydiscbuted and was therefor log transformed priortoanalysis. Cortisol, progesteroneandtestosteronehad asatisfactoryft othenormaldistributionandwere sed without log transformation. Differences in hormnesecretionbetween solvent control nd exposedcellswer evaluated using Suda' est.Dose-responserelationships were assessed in General Linear Models (GLM) where measuredhormoneconcentrations were includedasdependent variables sad experiment (n= 3) snd doseofthe relevant test compounds were cateredas contiauous vaiabes. The hormone data from the highest exposure dosesofPFOA and PENA (600 uM)wereexcluded rom statistical analyses due eytotoic effoentchtclsi viability sss. Differences ingeexpression were vatedby the Students est by comparing the log? ransformed 24 value ofeach exposure to solvent control. values<0.05 were considered satistcally significant. Results Celviabilyassay (Cel viability as assessed by Alamar blue conversion indicated a viability of > 0% in all testeddosesofPROS. ExpostouPrFOeAorPFNA at 604M resuledin a dramaticdecrease in viability, whereas els exposed 1 thetherdosoftehesse two compounds haad viability of> 90%(Figure 2) Hormone analyses Al thee test compounds affected hormone production in H29SR els(Figure 3). Oestradiol levels followed a significantly positive dose-response relationship when cells wereexposed 8 Manuscript [0 PROS. Inaddiion, estradiol was significantly elevated withthe highest test dose (600 kM) Of PROS. PENA expastre between 0 nd 60 pMalso esuled ina significantly positive doseresponse relationshoinp ocsadiol. A60M exposure, PENA gavae umerically higher, hough not saistcllysignificant, concentrationofocsradia. Celltreatedwith PFOA did not show anysignificantdiffrence inoestradiol secretion to els reated with solvent control. A posivedos.respons relationship between progesterone and PFOS exposure was identified. Furthermore the highest dosc of PROS (600 uM) resulted in significant increase irnespurloigedesitnerpoonseitciovmepdaorsee-troesspolovnesnetecloanttiroonl.shAipboonugprhoPgeFsOtAeraonndenoP,sFigAneifxipcoasnturdiefaflesroences were seenwheneachdosewas compared 1thesolvent control. Testosteronelevelswere influencbeyd sl tree compounds, Cells exposed 10 PFOS showed a sigificanty posiive reltionship beeen testosterone concentration and incresing evel of exposure. When comping each dose to contol, exposure t PFOS only increased testosterone in the highest concentration ofthe et compound, whereas etoserone vas levated by 6 uM and 600 1Mof PFOA. In contrast, PENA exposure led 1.3 significant negative dose-esponse relationshoinp estoscrone. Additionally, the highest 100 cytotoxic doseof PENA (60 uM) resuled in asignificant reduction oftestosterone. Cortisol was notsignificantly steed by exposure toPFOSand PFOA, although a negative dose-response relationship was idenifid with exposure 10 PFNA. Gene expression Only PFOA and PRNAinducedchanges in gene expression inthe current study (Figur4e). All thee tet doses of PFOAdecreasedCYPLA levels. The other two fst compounds di notaffect mRNA levels of CYPLIA. PENA, however,sigaificanily reduccd HMOR expression,although onlyat60uM.Theexpression oftheobergens estedwas nok significantlyahered by expos o the test compounds. Manuscript 5 p12 Discussion Inthe cunt sedwedemonsratthdt PROS, PFOA and PENA have the capability to modulate stridogenesisi the human adrenocorica HI9SR cll assy. Whereas an increase i ocstradiol was absrved ith he highest cstdose (600 uoMf PF)OS, he PFOA and PENA exposure athesame concern gave sharp decrease ofll Hormones messed due 1 cyiotoiiy. A second highestdose evel tested (60) he oestradiol evel appeared ncead with PNA exposure, however is ws ot stsialy significant, Ocsradiol wes no sired by PFOA. In contrast, ome previous in irstudieson ot Leydig cells have eporid haracrisic increase in ostrdiol secretion induced by 10 4M 10.500 PFOA (Biel a. 1995: Li ta. 1996). In adion, levaed plasma oesadiol eels following PFOA expour nats has een detected (Cook es, 192) Previous investigationsof the bilityoftherNuorochemicals, such as PFOS, to clevate oestradioli mie1 0c invivoreport where: PROS ness sre oestradiol seein in ftbad minnows (Pimepholespromeles), however ieresponse sppesed ot be dosedependanednthte results aetherefore diffcl fo rye Oakes a. 2005). Our Findings, however,sugges ccstrdiol secretioncan sh be increasbeyd PFOS. A posible expansion for he ack ofresponse noes production with PFOA expsurs nthe curt study could be te narow espe range liedbycyooxity in is pacain vio model Totcesingly,weobserved no significant changes in mRNA leoefCYtP 19, the gc encoding thePASOwromatas enzyme responsiblefoconversionofestosiconsto csi, with exposure 0 anyofte est chemical. Hence, he PFOS- dice crs ncestaiol levels could bea eslof diferent mecha an conol ofene expression. othe curmenstady, the exposure compounds fected medium testosterone conceneton in diffrent pts. Whereas PENA decreased stoscrne, PEOS and PEOA expos edo anncreae in estosterone Previous studs an rts hve demontrated on significant negative dos response lationship betwen PFOA and etosteroe, which became significant when atswere challenged by BCG (Rigel tL. 2001). A sis espns was sce by exposure 0S00or 50M PFOA in Ley cells where estosterone level were normal in the absenceofHCG and dramatically reduced when HC ws present Biel tal. 1995 Li eta. 1996). Although immature rainbow tout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) bad an 10 Manuscript p.13 e(lOeavkaetsedepalLa,sm2a00t5e)s.toTstheeroinnecrfeoalsleowiinnegsPtoRsOtScoenxepoisnurviet,rohiwsitwhatshenht sieengdionhsoetoehfesPiFhtOSspecies observedinthisstudyhes, 0thebest ofour Knowledge,not beenpreviously reported. Perfuorinted compounds have previously been suggested o inerere with fatty acid metabolism and lp anspor: in he lvrsofrae misoows (Gobioeypris ars) (Wei eal. 2008) and appear to inhibit he anspor fcholesterol iio the mitochondria in rai Leydig cell culures (Bouirad etal. 2000). However, such effects would ead 10a reduced steridogensss du 18 ackofsubstrate and could therefore no explain te clevated testosterone observed inth curent study. Asignificantlyelevated progesterone, in addition to oesradiol andtestosterone suggest tha PROS could affec th sero sybesi upsiseamof progesterone inour study Inthecument study, no significanteffecton cortisol production was served by anyof the. thre test compounds. Lite resarch ha been tributed othe effect ofPFCs on cortisol production, Two studies in which mice were xpased to PENA, reported increased plasma cortisol levels (Fang eal. 2008 Fang tL, 2009). n neofthese studies, an elevated evel OtfheAaCdrTeHnalwagslansdoinftohuendh,ypsourgbgeasltaimnigc-thpaitiPtFarCys-amdaryeanfafeacxtics.oTthiisslcopurlodduecxtpiloaninutpestarcekaoofmf effoen ccortiosl synthesiscbservd in our study. Tn summary, PFCs including PFOS, PFOA andPENAae capableofmodulating seroid secretion in human adrenocortical H295R cell. Ostradial, progesterone nd esosterne vas elevatedbythe highest dose (600 uM)of PFOS. PFOA and PENA didnot significantly alter estudio and progesterone secretion; weve, stostrone was increased by PFOA and decreased by PENA. Only PFOA and PENA induced changes in gene expression esling from up regulation CYP11A 15d HMGR respectively. Wetherefore propose that he changes in hormone secretion by PFOS are medised bymechanismsotherthan modulationof gene: expression ofthe steroidogenic enzymes investigated. ConoffIntieretst Statement The authors declare ha thee are no conflictsof intrest. Manuscript " p14 References AMAP,i20v09a..Arcic Pollution 2009. Art Monitoring and AssessmentProgramme,Osk. Apelher`gG,olBdJem,anW,itLeRr,, F20R0,7.HCeotrbdsmranu, 1cBo.ncCeanltarfaatti,oAnsMo.fpHeafludoenr,ooRcUt.anNseueldfohnaamt,e(LPLF.OS) aPenrdsppeecrt.fiv1o1r5o,oc1i6a7n0o-s1t6e76(,PFOA) i elution o weight andsizea birth Environ. Health Bicgel,LeLxBt.rahHeupratti,c MmEr.Firnadumcet,iSonRb,yOp'eCroonxniosro,mJe.Cp.r,oClofoekr,ioJr.sC.in2m00a1l.e CMDecahtsa.nTioxsimcoosfl. 56i.60,4455. Bicgel,pLeBcf,lLuiour,oRocCu.anHoua0rtte,LMeyEd.igCcoelokfunctiLoC, n1:995n. vEiftfe,ctisnovfivaar,aamnodneixumvo suds. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 134, 18-25. Boujradpr,oNf,ifVeirdaiocr,pBe.,rfGlauzooroudle,caMn.ciCc auci,d iMn.h,ibPiatspatdeoppeoruilpohse,raVl..y2p00e0.beTrahodpieazrzopxiinseome trecrepatonr (asPnEpdRso)teerrxoptirdefsioon randmihnoarLmetoyndeii.gseoteilmnsu.lsEineddomcirtioncohloongdyr1i4al1,c3ho1l3e7s-t3er1o4l8. Case, M.stTd,ieYsorwki,thRwGo,pCehrrfilsuicainn,aMt.edS,co2m0p01o.unRdast.a[nnd rJ.abTloixticoorla.l d2e0v,el1o01p-m1e0n9t.al toxicology Cook, LbCy.amMmuoanyi,umSMp.erFluroarmoeoc,taSnRo.atHeu:rtp,aMsLiEb.i19e9n2d.ocrIinenreldatoefduLmeeyccdhaingticseml,iaTdoeosniocomnla.s `Appl. Pharmacol. 113,209-217. Fang,X.p,aFtehnwga.ysY.a,reShrie.lZat.eDfoaihJe,. i2m00m9u.noAlttoesracctifofnesotfocfypteokrilnueasraonndonManAcPiKacsdi.gnTaolxiingcol Sci. 108,367-376, FangX,.p,Zeharngf,lL.,uFoenrg,aaYc.i,ndZoohnanBoAaYL,B,n/DocmiiicJe.e2.0,T0o8x.icIolm.muSncio.to1x05i,c3e1f2f.ec3t2s1of Fei, C,peMrcLfauuogrhilaitne,dJchKe.miTcaraoln:e,a RstEa,yOilstehne,DJ.an2i0s0h8NaFteitoanlalgrBoiwrtthhiCnodhiocratt.orsAms.nd|. Epidemiol. 163,66.72 Fromme`,coHm,poTuincdlse-m--ieexrp,o5suAr.e VasoselsWs.k,fmoWeerinktlhetel,mge,neM.r,alTupaocpdulealtliao,nDi.n,W2e00s9t,emPecrofulnutoireisn.ateIdn. 1. Hyg. Environ, Health 212, 239270. Gazda`,GALFP.,BrOeinen,aHnK, .MFSh,aScikcline,toCnA,.CH,[CahReonc,caT,RR, V.r, i1c9h9e0,.ETsLa.bMiysehrms,enCt.Ea.ndChrous, hpaartahcwtaeyrsizoafisitoenrooifd4bhiousmynatnheasdise.noCcaonrciecralRecs.ar5c0i,no4m8a8.ce5l49li6ne that expresses multiple: 12 Manuscript p15 Gracia,`.,SanHidleircsheorJno.,vTa,,YK.u,, JRonMe,s,W.uD,,RNSe,wsGtieeds,y,1. 17.Z2h0a0n6g.TX.h, eHHe2c9k5eRr,sMy.stHeimgfloery, EB., `evaluationofendocrine-disrptingeffects Ecotocicol. Environ. Saf6, 293-305. HilscherWovus,,RKS.,JoGnieess,y,PLDP,,Gr20a0c4i.a,AsTi,eNseswmesnttdo,ftLhLe,ZfhanTg,oXfe.c,heStmaincdaselrssoonn, tJhTe,exYpor,esRsMi.on, o8f1t,e7n89sc9r.oidogene genes i the H29SR cel fineusingrealtime PCR. Toxieal. Sei LauC,.JTLh,ibStoedveenasouLnx,R,.L'HA. 2a003.nRExsGp.o,sRouorgeenr1s0,pJ,eMrl.uoGrroeoyct,anB.E.s, suSltoantaoen,duMr.iEn.g,pBruetgepnahnocfyf, in atandmouse. TT: postnatal valuation Toxicol, Sci. 74, 362.392, Li, RC`o.n rHaathLne,yCd.iHgucretl,fuMnEti.on1i9n9v6iTthoeFduinrdcatm.efAfpeptlo.fhTeopxiactoilc. p3e0r,ox1i0s2-o1m0e8proliferstors Nakata,cHo.ntKaamninaann,tKi.n,sNeadsium,enTt,saCnhdo,qHuSat,eSoirngcalnair,sm.,s cToalkleecmtuedraf,roAm,s2h0a0l6l,owPveactleuroarinndated tsiudlaflonfsatteaireaaqsuoafttihccecAavsiyaskeerSsa.,EJnavpainr:onenSvii.roTnemcehnntola.l t40e,o4f91p6e4f9l2o1r.oociane Oakes, KDeDr,KrSaiabkl,eyG,.P1.,20M0a5.rtSih,oJrWt.e,rMaecxpLoesaunr,es.oDf.f,isSho0lopmeornf,loKroR.o,ciMaanbeursyul,foSnaAt.e:Van astceurtoeidesf.feEcntvsioronnf.aTyoraiccyoll.-Ccooxhid2i4se,e1a1c7tmi2v-i1t1.y8,1o.xidative sues, and circulating sex Oakes, KofDp.erSfilbuloeryo,oPci.a,ncSioaliodmoonn,fKtRhe,aMdambiunrbyo,wS(APi,meVpahnaDleesrpKrroamaekl,aGs)J.ty2a0c04y.lICmpoanct OExnivdiarsoena.ctTiovxiitcyo,lc.iCchuelmi.n2g3,st1e9r1o2i-d1,91a9n.d reproduction in outdoosmicrocosts. OhmorTiKo,.s,ioKkuidnoe,tcNs,beKtawteaeynapmefaKu,.o,rKoacwaaesbohsiymlai,c Ys.,e2i0d0w3i.thCdoimfpfarrenitsocnarobfotnhechs length. Toxicology 184, 135-140. Olsen, GZoWb.elB,uLrRis,,2L00M7.. EHnalefm-iafso,fDs.eJu.mFreoleihmliincaht,iLonWo,fSeacat, AM,Butenhoff,J.L. peurofrloucchreoroncitcaanleuplrofdouncattiopnewfolrokreorsh.exEanvniersoln.foHneaatlt,haPnedrsppeercft.lo1r1o5o,ci1a2n9o8s-t1e30in5 ered Skakkeibncarcekas,inNEg. lRyacjopmrmtoDne,deMv.elEo.pmeanitn,alKdMis.o,rd2e0r0w1i.tThesetnivciulraorndmyenstgaeloacsspeictss.yndHruomm.e: an Reprod. 16, 972978 `ThibodBeuaiuc,nbJoRf,f,HLaLn,soSnt,evReGns,onR,ogLe.rA.s,,LawJ,M.C.G,r2,003B..E.E,xpBoasrubreee,ioB.pDe,fuRoirchoaorcdus,aeLHs.u,lfonate 7du%r,i3n6g5.p3r8e1g.nancy in at and mouse. 1: maternal and prenatal evaluations. Toxicol. Sci `Wei, ,`Lifu,cY.o,fpWeraflonrJo,ogTcst,oa,noiY.,c aDcaiid,oIn,r20e08.miTnoowsx(Gcobiooeagynpaelesysrinasso)fo.thTmeohxeiicpoalt.ciAcp. Pharmacol 26, 235-297. Manuscript nu p.16 Yamashistuar,veN.y,ofKapnearnf,lK.r, Tiannaiatycieadsds,iSn., oHcoeranis,. MY.a,r.PePlwl,. GB,ullG.am51o.,6.55,.2606085.. A global 14 Manuscript p17 Figure 1: Skeletal formulas ofth PFOS (A), PFOA(B)and PENA (C) molecules Figure 2: Mean (SE) cll viability of H29SR cells assessed with Alamar blue assay foreach concentrationof PFOS, PFOA and PENA expressed as% ofsolvent contol. Figure 3: Mean (SE) concentroaftstierooind hormones measured in medium ofH295R cells: afer 48 hour exposure osx concentrations of PECs. * denotes meanssignificantly diferent from sovent control (P< 0.05) f denotes cll viability < 90%. Figure 4:Mean (SE) old change in gene expression ofCYP 1A and HMGRfolowing 48 our exposure tothreeconcentratioonfs PFC. denotessignificantly differen from solvent contol (P<005) pis Figure 1. ApP / S F5 RFI R5FRE 5F 5 B E RRFee RFeE] OF regres FRY pts Figure2. ues Geom ew 5E w1m0oo0o A t oowoo {|J | |i 32 0wd| i HET MSO co SOM GLML coo cow exposure .20 Figure3. A p wl Trehrm . $m fiHwY p : " g . on ome ozo Sa oe nan soo B. 3 2i. 229 2 . EEwn arom sou cam on . oo = C as . 3 - . i22:s i \ os.} .: uM 0,006uM 006M O6yM 6)M G0uM 600M Dw Ln0 gio= 3 :: o om com ose om a sow soon p22 Figured. Ei 1 A Gl . ZSoos 02o] J[ oi oem 8 31a2 Egooss $0 ni2 ge 3 8 - wn pnprroons pra A eam = . i:: y oom om p23 "CTYaPbIlTe,I:CPYrPiImSe,rsCeYqPu2eIn.ceHs SuDse2d.forI7q6uHaSnDtIi.aveI7RHTS-PDCAR,. SPtrAiRmenrdsqHuMeGnsRessfeorgiCvYePnLiInAH,ilCsYcPhIer1o5v2a,. etal. (004). CYP 181 wasdesigned by PrimerDesign Lid. fp-- N fomn Mn am= e ET. rl Gane ros 31 esti | TGoreEadoAr , LG-- E omme OXI pDfrrerep CROTAAGRIGAIGR CoTRGTOAECTSTOET AT pgs ACT omens CCARAAACICETEATY CACETGEATIOCTIEATT as gee ees sce aR: or tmesr . e Laelhi 2Tyme rs commences cease: Si osaeton m Sde Public Health Public Comment Release PERFLOUROCHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IN SOUTHERN WASHINGTON COUNTY, NORTHERN DAKOTA COUNTY, AND SOUTHEAST RAMSEY COUNTY, MINNESOTA (Including: Woodbury, Cottage Grove, Newport, St. Paul Park, Afton, Grey Cloud Island Township, Denmark Township, South St. Paul, Hastings and Maplewood) EPA FACILITY ID: MND980679385 Prepared by Minnesota Department of Health August 25,2010 COMMENT PERIOD ENDS: October 12,2010 Prepared by Minnesota department of Health Under Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Atlanta, Georgia 30333 p.25 THE ATSDR PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT: ANOTE OF EXPLANATION i "6ETnh)visi.rPouanbnmldeincitnHaealaclcRtoehrsdpAoasnnssceees.swCmiotehmnptoeuPnrusiabmtipicloenCm,oemunnmtdeinnLgitsrbReiellltaeytaisAeocntwsaCs(E2p2RrCeC_pFLarAeR._dobPrsaStuAp9T0e)rS.fDunRIdn)ppursreespcuatariniotnng01h0it4hse(d)Co6ocm)upm(re3ne2th,UenSAsCiTvSeD96R04 CrpooootmpeentrthaietailEvnerveiAsrgporonenmseeimnbetlnaetlpaPPrratoiretnsee.crtwihhoaensrAecgoaelplnepccrytoe(pdErrPieAl.)e.vsTanhatieshadeaonlctduhmldoeacntalta hnreseailptrrhoeansnmedenntetthnseaviadogonetnmaceyra'insadlbcaeogmemenucfinfeirst.sytbhhaeesacelotdmhomncuonnsictueyrr.nasitnd ah1re64aebXx1lt1ee,nipnoofsorirobmtalhteei,rown.ipsteroaeulstehtiosraitnzheesdseabstysulmCoeErnyRtCroLtfpAeo.rtaemnasteyitbaoleuitunikndeCr0tEaRhkuCemLnaA1nsehpceratelivteohn.nt 1oA0c4im(on6is)cawutihhtouirmnizaaendliebmxyitpCeodEsRtuiCrmoLereAftirssaekecs.t0ion10 mheaalnh ahcetiaoln.s arIen aadpdpirtioopnr,iAaatTteStDisxRimCeo.operative Agreement Parnerwill wilfz (idocumento determine if follow Ths`edicisttiidoononca1ul0mre4en)ltev(ha4anstHpirnefvofiroormuatsthlieyoinbiepnrefonovpmiradotevdiiobdneydatnthdoemrEePvtiAoewAa.TnSdWDthRhee'rsaeCfoknoceptseeerdastaiiravyte. iintAgahrnsenebmaeelentrePelavarimssne,rd.i3sTfhreeisqspuorinersveieds0ebdycdCooEmcRummCeeLnnAttohsxs o`sAsnacrsebsmemeeennnttlePwaairlstentedhrefnwiblleod3re0ir-rsdcaeeyd.paulbTlphibiclsciwocimlcmloecmnomtnecnpleturdsieoadt.ndhrSepuvubisbseleqiouthenaptlp0tethnadssthedpsuosbmcleiunctmcepornmomtceeasnssatpopperrohipioidsa,itAe.T.SuDnTRlh'eessspCauodboldpiiecornhaeaianlleth freoirsmeatorioanppiencd bthecionabclyiuAsTinoSnDesRpr'desviCoouospleyraitsisvueedAgresment Prine which, in the380s" opinion. indicaanteed 10 UHunsoafnrSaeedrveicneasm.es fo identification only and docs not onsite endorsement by he 1.5. Deparment ofHealth and Pleas address comments regarding tis report Agency for Tovnen:SubRsetcaonrcdess aCenndteDrisco Resinry 1600 CAltilfatnotn,RGoeaodr,giN.aE..103M3S3F-09 ou May1C-o5n0t0ac.tCOACT-SIDNFROToorl Free at Visit ourHomePage at hap isd de gov p.26 PNeorrftlhueorrocDhaekmoitcaalCoCuonnttaymainndatSioounthineaSsotuetmheRranmWsaesyhiCnogutntoyn,CoMuinntnye,sota Public Comment PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT PERFNLOUROTRHOECRHNEMDIACKAOLTCAOCNOTUANMTIYN,AATNIDONSOINUTSHOEUATSHTEERRNNWRAASMHSIENYGTCOONUNCTOYU,NTY, MINNESOTA (includi`nTgo:wnWsohoidpb,uDreyn,mCaortktaTgoewGnrsohviep,,NSeowuptohrStt,. SPta.ulP,auHlasPtairnkg,sAafntodn,MaGprleeywColoodu)d Island EPA FACILITY ID: MND980679385 Prepared by: Minnesota DepartmentofHealth U.S.`DUnedepr CaoorpetroamftHieevaenlAttghreenedmeHnutmwaintShetrhveices `Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry pTuhbilsiicncfoormmmaetniotnuinddeirstarpipbluitceadbblye ithnefoArgmeantcioynfoquralTiotsyicguSiudbeslitnaensc.esItadnodesDinsoetarseeprReesgeinsttraynfdor should not be construed to representfinalagency conclusionsorrecommendations. p.27 a"Tnhdisisdoacfuomremnatl ssiutmemeavrailuzaetsiopnubplriecphaeraeldtbhyFctoOhnRceeMErinWnsnOreeRsloDatteadD0eapwaastretdoimsfpHeoesaanllttiht(MiDnHM)in.neFsootraa, formal site valuation, a numberofsteps are necessary: Eveanlvuiartoinnmegnetxaplocsounrdei:tiMonDsaH tshciesnittie.stThbeegifinrsbytarsekviise0winfginadvaoiultabhloewinmfuocrmhactoinontaambionuattion MisDprHesednote,swnhoetrceoitlliseftosunodwonnetnhveisriotne,meanntdalhosawmppeloipnlgedmaitgah(talbtehoeuxgphostehidstcoasitc. Uissuaanlly, CexocnetprtoilonA).geRnactyhe(rM,PMCADYH),trehleieMsionnneisnoftoramDateipoanrtpmreonvtiodefdAbgryitchueltMuirnen(esMoDtAa)P,oltlhuetiUoSn Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), private businesses, and the general public. Ev`aclxupaotseidn--gioheeanlvthireofnfmecetnst:alftchoenrteamiisneavnitdse,nMceDtHhatscpieeonptlisetsarweilbleitnagkcexspteopssetdo--doetrecromuinled. be ``pwuhbeltihcehretahlatthe--xptohsautrie,ctohuelhdebaelthhairmmpfaacltonhuthmeacnohmemaultnhi.tMy aDs aHwhroelpeo.rtTfhoecurseepsorotnis based on existing scientific information. Depvoetelnotipailnhgearletchotmhmreenatdaptoisoends:byIanstihtiesarnepdorotf,feMrsDrHecooumtmleinnedsatcionocnlsusoironrsedruecgianrgdionrg any teahlgaietmnircneiaaetssio--nngi,nhtchulemuedavinanlgeuxaEptoPisoAunrarenepdtooMrptPolwCliAultl.atnytIfps,i.chTaolhwleeyvrreoerl,ceooamfnmMiemDnmdHedaciistaiptorenishmea1ar0litblhey ttahadrvkeieasntorebyxy.isotFtsho,err rMeDsoHlvewitlhleipsrsoubeleamp.ublic health advisory to wam peopleofthe danger and will work 10 SolSoilciicittiinngg acnodmmeuvnaliutaytiinngpuitn:fTohrmeateivoanlufatrioomnvparroicoeusssgiosvientremraecntitvea.geMncDieHs,sttrheisinbdyividuals oArnoyrgcaonniczlautsiioonnssraebsopuotnstihbelesitfeorartehesshiatre,edanwditchotmhmeuinniditvyidmueamlsb,egrrsoulpisv,inagnndeaorrgtahneiziatt.ions tfheaetdpbraocvkifderdomthteheinpfubolrimca.tiJony.oOunhcaeveanqueevsatliuoantsioonrrceopmormtehnatssbaebeonuprteipsarreedp,orMt,DwHe seeks encourage you 0 contact us. Please write to: OR call us at: On the web: SCiotmemAusnseistsymReenltaatniodnsCoCnosourldtiantaitoonrUnit ~~ * 6Mi2n5nNeosrottha RDoebpearrttSmternteto/fHPe.a0l.tBhox 64975 St Paul, MN 55164-0975 ((o6l5l1)fr2e0e1c-a4ll89-7proerss1-"84"00o-n65y7o-u3r90t8ouch tone phone) hup/sews althstatemnus/divslelvhazardousindheuxn. 2 p28 TaofbColntenets FO"RETWoOafRCDbo..ln.teents..s.nmm--r ----ca mmm--" 3 | 3 GeMo/- HlydrooDWgiesogplooogsyya.l.So .i.t.e..Dd.e.s.c.ribptiou n andrHsSteyOmYm----o--.oo 13 EPFCvARBaIoYflSIPSFuCSi.an.DAetnkeiiengnoronennALE. .osenssoosnmonon 11 11 PCroimWevmllWaSuealmtpnllMiegiO.B..tO..Ny.G........e .oor. re game}32 PFM C-ReP la--t3edMClCaovneA ssteingtatOirodnesraftotrhePF3CM-DWiospoodsbaulrSyHDSi.s.po.s.a.l..Si.t.e....o..o..o..w.o..u..n..r.o..o 15 11 RSemoediialrOptionsfortmheu3mMp-pWomoiDdiispbnosuaslrmymimt..--..--...--..--..--.ovowr 18 DGeneeramlRoegigonrLalaanISdSpUUcsshe..,.ai.n..dc.N..as.t.ur,al Resources... -- 20 EvalIuDaOtRiUoCnHOoNf.EnvironmentalrFater and Exposure nmPathwas.--....--.. 2 EEvnavliuraotnimoennotfalIFmapta.ctson Groundwatecr m------c--i--m--mm----------)2 E ExpoxsureptthhrrooouugghhPsrPuibvlauitceWWraeltle.r.e.S.U.p.P.I.E.S...... oo.I 28 PublEicHxealtpthhIrooumghpostlheuirPoacftrPhaFwCateyEsiXp.O.oS.UIne.s...........i. mm--------a0nd ``SSuummmmaarryyooffTHouxmiaconlEogXipcOaSlUIrNeOIMOAMNMOANNON...........................ocrrrrwrmerers 3320 DHiesaclutshsOionUoftLheDCPautbOaliRcEMVHIeEEaWlth Ir mplico ations of PFC Exposure... 34 ng (Child Health CORSIETaions.............rrerrerer 36 RPeufbelriecncHeesa.lthACO PIaN....m ..v--err--rer--re-- rro------ nnarmen -- 3] PrepaOfrReErPsO... cmm--_ CERTIFICATION con sonnets Appendices Appendix I: Figures `Appendi2x: Tables 3 p.29 Summary i INTRODUCTION "`Tahnde iMmipnrnoevseottaheDheepaaltrhmoefnatlolfMiHnenaelstho'tsan(sM.DH) mission is to protect, maintain, :} wFaotrerc,omMmDuHni'tsiegsoaalfifecttoedprboytepcetcpfeloupolreo'cshehmeiaclatlhsb(yPpFrCosv)idiinntghehieradlrthinking ailnsfoormmoantiitoonrsthpeucbloimcmwuantietrysnupepdlsicstofotrakPeEaCct,ioannsd adpvriosteesctthteheMiPheCaAltho.nMacDtHions that can be taken to protect public health OPaEkCd-acloen,taLiankiengElwamsot,esanwderWeooddibsuprosye,doMifnnbeys3otMa.inPlFanCdsdwiesrpoesarlelsietaesstienod the rgersouulntdinwgatienrcofnrtoammitnhaetseiosniotefs,nepaosrsbiybldyrishnokritnlgywaafteerrtwheelldsispTohsearleowcecruereadl,so `ppoesospilbelecosuilrdemhiasvseiocnosmdeuriintnogdtihreechtancdolnitnagc,tdwiistphostahle,woarstbeu.ming ofwaste, and PSoFuCtshcWoansthiinnugettoonbCeoudentteyc,teadndinipnupbelritcsoafndnoprrtihveatren wDealklostaacCroosusnatywaindedarea of southeastern Ramsey Coury. OVERVIEW "MDH reached two important conclusions in this Public Health Assessment. CONCLUSION 1 c"oMnDtaHctcawnintohtPcFoCn-ccloundteaiwnhientghewrasdtreisnkiinntgoherbparsetathhairnmgedPFpCeosplienw'astheeraoltrh.aifor DEBCAISSISIFOONR ACotpitlaogtebGiroomovneitiondriicnagtesdtuldeyveclosnodfuPctFeCdsiinnrbelsiodoedntasboovfOeankadtailoena,lLaavkereagEelsm.o, and `aWdhvielreseavhaeiallatbhleefefveictdse,ntcheesruegigsensotsitnhfaotrtmhaetsiconPFavCailleavbellesraergearundliinkgelPyFtColceavueslse in resident's blood or in drinking water in the past. NEXTSTEPS ~~ + MleDveHls isnhoaurleda rceosnisdiednetrsaedxdpiotisoendaltobiPoFmOonAitaonrdinPgFsOtSudinicdtrosinekvianlguawtaetePrFC CONCLUSION 2 "MDHconcludes that currently, drinking water from public or private wells thal contain PECs is not expected to harm peaple's health. DEBCAISSISIFOONR bCoutrtrleendtweaxtpeorsuorrewsho1oleP-FhCosuasreeabcetlivoawtedhecaalrlbho-nbafsieldteresxhpaosvuerbeemenipsrobveicdaeudsaet 29 dhroimneksintghawtatweerrethiastshuaesd PaFdCrisnaktinlgevwealstearbowevlelhaedavlitshocroyncbeyrnM.DH. No one is Riemmpeldemieanttiaotnioacntisotnasgetsobaydd3rMessanPdFCthseaMtPtCheA.waste disposal sites are inthecarly 4 p.30 | NEXTSTEPS FORMORE INFORMATION eS] + i3mMplsehmoeunltd tcohntsienlueectteodfroelmleodwiatthieorneqouptiiroenmsenfots osofilthaenCdognrsoeunntdOwradteerrtaot. {| the 3M-Woodbury Disposal Sit. i + ePeosplepshedouuclrdiniagvroaeidmeltdriealstpaiysosninagctoivnittiehse. 3M-Woodbury Disposal Site, ii Ex`twehenrseipornisvoaftetwheellCsotctoangteaiGnrloevveelsmoufniPcFipCasl iwnaetxecrsesusppolfyMtDo HserHvReLasrcoasr | i HBV should be considered. Mounnidteorraigrnegoedfuspeloencstaemdpplriinvgatpelwaenlsltsoitnrtahcek cafhfaencgteesd ainretaheshpoluulmdecoenntdinue 3mMonisthoorulfodrecnhsaunrgeetsihenmcoonnicteonrtirnagtinoentwinorikndaitvitdhueadliwseplolssa.l ite provides Z`aodneeq"uoatfethinefoPrramiartiieodnureCghairedninagquwiafteer.r quality in the "high transmissivity "prIofvyioduerh.avYeocouncmearynsalasboocualtlyoMuDrHheaaltt6h5,1y-o2u01s-h4o8ul9d7coornt1a-c8t00y-o6u5r7h-e3a9l0t8h c(aprreess ! h#4u)tap/nwdoarswk. hfeoarlitnhfsotramtaetmionnuonsP/FCds.iYvosuemahyhatalospozviicassiprftoedsu/orinPudeFsxC. Whuemb! site at Introduction Trehseea3rcMh Caondmpdaevneyl(o3pMm;enftoorfmeprelryluMoirnoncehseomtiacMailsni(nPgFaCn)d aMtaintusfCaoctttuargienGgrCoovme,paMniyn)nebseogtaan `fpacrioldiutcytiinonsoofuvtahreimouWsasPhFiCngctoomnpCoouunndtsy,ocMciunrnreisnogtfaroinmtthhee leaatrely1914905s;05wiuntthilco2m0m0e2rcial oPrroudsuecotfioontohfeor nPFeCP-FrCe,atpeedrfcloumoproobuuntdasnoiinc raecsieda(rcPhFoBrAp)ilcoetasseadleinpr1o9j9e8c.tsThcoentpirnoudcuscttioodnay. MfacDilHitypr(eMpaDrHed2a00H5e)a.ltWhasCtoenssuflrtaotmitohnefeolceucstirnogflounorPoFcChermeilceaalsePsFaCt tphreodCuoctttiaognepGrrocoevses, itnhcelCuodtitnaggperGodruocvteiofnacwilaisttyeasnadnsdevwearsatlekwantoewrntdriesaptomseanlt spltasntisdleundtgiefi,ewdebrye3diMspionsedofat `Washington County (Weston 2005). The names ofthese facilis, the typesofwastes Mdiisnpnoesseodtaof,PoalnlduttihoeneCsotnitmraotledAgtiemnecoyf(tMhePCdiAs)pobsyal3wMerien Jfournmeoalfly20pr0o5viadneddatroetlhseted below: 5 p31 | Disposal Facilities in Washington County that Received 3M PFC Wastes i Dates | iquid andsolidindustrwiasatle i L`aWkasehiEnlgmtoon County Landfill, |inWcaisnteerwaattoerrsctrruebabtmeernstlupdlagnetasnldudgaesh,, | 1971 1974 iron oxide sludge | | Pigs Eye Dump, St. Paul | (Ianlcsionerreacteoirvsecdrmuubnbiecrisplauldgweasatnedwaasther| 1971 i twrheiacthmemnayt plhaantveinccoinnteariantoerd aPsFhCs) | *Tsithis iacvaslly inRamseyCo,neartheborder with WashingtCoon. i fTachieligteynaerreaslhloocwantiionnFsoigfutrhee a1 b(aolvefidgiusrpeosscaalnsibteesf,oaulnondginwiAtphptehned3ixM C1)o. tAtasegpeaGrratoevreeport wSiatse iasnsduetdheinWaAsuhgiunsgtt2o0n0C8oeuvnatlyuaLtainndgfiPlFlCinwLaastkeeEdlismpoosaanldatittshepo3tMen-tOisakldiamlpeacDtiosnptohsoasle: `PlicFsotCmbmeiucmnapiuatscietessit(twoMatDsheHidMe2in0sts0ii8fs)is.eidpAbpiny R3uipMvdearaitsesdapldraiensppnoorestda.olnsTiththeeet3hPMait-gCsroeEtcyeteiavgDeeduGmPrFpoC-vicseoifnnatccaliiluindtieyndaginndthe wiansctleusd;edPFinCtshehaCveobeennOdredsteecrtaeegdrneinemgrteonutndbweattewrea3enMdnsuarnfdatcheewMatPeCrAat t(shcesibee.lowIt)i.s not Preeprlfalcueortohcehheymidcraolgsenaraetaomcslatshsaotfoarregatynpiiccaclhlyemaitctaalcsheidntwohtihcehcfalruboornin`ebaatcokmbosnceo'mpolfetely ocarrgbaonni.cfhlyuodrrioncearbboonnd,moPlFeCcsulaerse (iFnihgeurrenet2l)y. sBteabclaeu,sneoonfretahcetivveer,yahnidgrhessitsrteanngtthtoofthe d`egrmadaationn o(u3fMafv1a9r9ai9est)c.yoPftEcCousmmmerardceieablyan3dMiantduiststrCioatltpargoeduGcrtosvbeyfu3clMiatnydwoetrheeursed in the || cpormopduacntises(,inicnlculduidnignTgeffalborniTMc)c,oaftiirneg-sfi(gshtuicnhgafsoaSmcso,tcihlgmarcdoTMa)t,insgusr,faacntdanotts,henronp-rsotdiucckt.s. PeglnFovCbisarloulnynmiaeqtnutleo(pwhEylPseAviecl2as0.l0a2Sn,odmOceEheCPmFDiCcs2a0la0rp2er,obpAieoTr-tSaiecDscRuaml2al0lo0a9wt)i.tvheeAm(si.tcao.,rmbeosuuivllted, etuahpseiiylnyhlatihvvreionbguegehnthfeound |i obrlgoaondiasnmds)tiasnsdueosonefhPuFCm,anpesrfalnudoraonoicmtaalnsefsruolmfovniartteua(lPlyFOalSl)pahratssobfeetnhedewrocrcltde.d Iitnsthhoeuld 1 | bceertnaoitnedprtohdautcwthsilfoertwhheiucsheotfhePrFeCissnhoaasdbeeqeunatreessturbiscttietdutien, tthheeyUnairteesdtiSlltamtaensubfyactthuerEedPAantdo ii uKsoerdeianothercountries aroundthe world, including aly, Russie, China, Japan, and ii TPouxbilcioslhoegdisctauldircessesahrochwotnhaPtFaCnsiimsaoenxgpooisnugreintgooPveFrCnmaetnhti,gihndcuosntcreynatrnadtaicoandseamdivae.rsely ii 6 i p.32 anfifiercetlsytchleelairv;eornaendlioktehlyermaorjgoarnmse(cAhTanSiDsRm2i0n0v9o)l.veTsheeffmeecctshaonnicsemrstoaifn etonxziycimteysarreegnuoltating `pmeertfalbuoolriococptaatnhowiacyasciidn t(hPeFlOivAe)r.oEvxeprolsounrged(u0rahtiigohnscohnacsenbtereantisohnsoowfnotnoecaPuFsCe,tumors in shuommaentsesmt aanyimbaelslo,w.altDheovueglhotphmeesnpteaclifeifcfemcetschhaanviesamlssaorbeeneontcolbesaerravneditnhtehreelofefvsapnrciengtoof pregnant rats and mice exposed to high dosesof PFOA and PFOS. P`wFatCesr,dsiesdpiosmeedtso,fabtiotthae, saintdesniedaernbtiyfiderdinakbionvgewahtaevre wiemlplasc,tbeodthsopiu,blgircouannddwaprtievra,te.surMfDacHe hloacsaplrceopmamruenditthiiessr,epaonrdtciintirzeesnpsotnos:e to requests from the MPCA, Washington County, s`Cuomumnatyr,izaendcusroruetnhteacsotnedrintiRoanmssineysoCuotuhenrtnyWraelsahtiinvegt(0onthCeouPnFtCy,connotratmhienrantDioank;ota eviamlpuaactteedtbhye pPoFtCenst,iaelspheecailatlhlyriisnkspuabslsiocciwaatteedrwsiutphpltihees;useofdrinking water prtoavkeindteotdhaetep;ubalnidc with an opportunity 10 comment on the public health actions provide recommendations to protect public health in the future. MMPDCHA,haWsacsohnisnugltteodnwCiotuhnsttya,fftfhrocmititehsoe fU.WS.ooEdnbvuirryon,mCeontttaalgePrGortoevctei,onHaAsgtienngcsy, (S.EPAP)a,l Pgaartkh,erainndfootrhmeartilooncaflorgtohvisermepmoret.s in the affected ars, community members, and 3M to Background `3M:Woodbury Disposal Site Description and History `TofhWeo6o5d6b-aucrtye parnodpeCrottytatghetGcroonvtaei(nssetehFei3gMur-eW3o).odTbhaerayctDuiaslpwoassalteSidtiespsotsraalddalreesasthaercborder L(oacpaptreodxiimnaWtoeloydbteunraycarnesd) caonndsitshteoNfotrwtohaearsetasDriesfpoesraeldAtroeaas(tahpeprMoaxiinmaDtieslpyosfiavle Aarcreeas; `Weston 2007). F1r0o3mM1w9h6o0 ouse1d96t6h,e psriievtaotedciosnptorsaecotforlsiqoupiedraatneddtshoelisditiendfustaroisahlorwratstteimse(,soalnvdentthse,naspoelsd,it prleaascthiecss,.anIdn raedsdiintsi)ong,emnuenriatceidpaalt wthaesitreCsoftrtaogmetGherocivteiefsoacfilWitoy.odTbheurwyasatneds wCoetrteabguerGiredovien w1e9r6e4-d1i9s6p6os(eWdeosftionnt2w00o8s2e)p.arate areasofthe site (approximately five scres total) from Gcroomupnoduwnadtser(VcOoCntsa,mimnoasttiloynsaotlvtehnetssi)tewewraesffoiurnsddeitnegcrteodunidnw1a9t6e6r mwohneintovroilantgilweelolrsgaonnicthe site and a private well located immediately westofthe site. Agroundwaterextraction 7 5.33 esxytsrtaecmtewdagsrcooumnpdlweatteedr aistpthuemipteedbvyia19a7p3ipaenlidnheaos otpheer3atMedCcootnttaigneuGoursolvyesmiancneu.faTchteuring plant, where its used as cooling or process water and then discharged to the Mississippi River. tAdhdeigtoiaolnoaflrceldeuacniunpgmseoausrucreessowfeVreOtCakceonnatamtihneatsiitoenotoctohnesoglrioduantdewaantdrb.uAmppwraosxtiesm,atweiltyh 2`o0n0-,si0t0e0incuFbeibcruyaarrydsooffw1a96s8t.eTshweerreemeaxicnaivnagtaesdhfarnodmwtahestMeawienreDicsopnossoallidAartcead aannddbreu-med buried in the Main Disposal Area trenches. (IVnI1C9)92p,ro3gMraemn,teurnedderthwhsitcehiandtdoitthieonMalPCinAv'esstiVgoaltuinontaarnydIrnevsepsotnigsaetaicotniaonnsdwCelreeantuapken to tfuhretshietr,apdldarceesds caocnatpamcionnastisitoinnagtotfhea msitie.niImnum1o99f6,243Minbcahceksofifllceldeaonpesnoilaroevaesratnhderfeogrrmaedred dLiasnpdosuasleaartetahse,apnrodpefritlyed. an institutional control ontheproperty deed to restrict future TGheegeool/ogHlyyodfrotohgeegorleoyggioyn where the 3M:Woodbury Disposal Site is located consists of galnadcirailverrisf,traesnpdeacltliuvveilayl) osveedrilmyeinntgsa(stthraitcikfiseedqsuaenndc,eiolf,Paanldeoczloaiycdseepdoismietnetdabryy rgloacckiers `fporrem-aCtaimobnrsimsnadveolucaponifcsraoncdkstfoonrem,atliiomnesstcoonme,podosleodmiptrei,maarnidlyshoaflbea.saTlhte.seT,heinbteudmr,ocokverlay lfaorrgmeatgieoonlsogtilct satnrductthuircekkennoslwinghatslytohetThweisnouCthtasndBawseisnt., Ffiogrumrieng4 sthheoewassttehrensreqmueonfcae of beextdernoscikveulnyitsstuidniseodubthyWtaheshMiinngnteosnotCaoGuenotly.ogiTchael gSeuorlvoegyyaonftdhoitshearrsea(Thiapspbinegenct al. 2006; Runkel etal. 2003; MGS 1990). vBaelfloeryes tihnetogltahceiaslurdfriafcteoafndthaellbuevdiarlocske.diImnesnotsmeweprleacdeespotshietveadl,lsetysrecaumtsdeorwondetdodteheep.Jordan oSranndosteovnied.eTncheeavtatlhleeyssurwfearcee olafttehrefiillperdewsietnhceglbaeclioalw,anedxcaelpltuvfioarlasesdeirmieesntosfe,lloenagvaitngedlitle lIoackaetsiionnLoakf2emEaljmoroabneddroacdkecvapllreayvitnheatinexstoeuntdhserfnrCoomttLaagkeeGErlomvoes.ouFtighurtoe t|heshMoiswssistshieppi aRlilvoewr cvaolnltea.minTahnetsbeidnrtohcekgrvaolulnedywsaitnesrotuothenWtaesrhdiencgpteornaqCuoiufnetrsymporroveirdaepipdaltyhwthaaynswtohautld bethecaseifthebedrock layers were intact. e"Trhoedebde,drsouccckevsaslilveeylysdheocwpneirs pbreedsroecnktbfeonremaatthiotnhsewwereeseixdpseoosfettdhferosmiee.aAststtohweevsta.lAlsweaays `reLsiumlets,ttohnee,upwpheilremoisntthbeedcreontcekrolafytehreinsittheeitnosrtthheeasStt.erPnetpeorrtSioanonfdtsh tasoinnedcosn,thtehePlwaettsetville side it is the Prairc du Chien Group dolomite and Jordan Sandstone (see Figure 5. 5 p34 ii `The bedrockinsouthernWashington Countyalsohasbeenslteredby majorfaults ii (fracturienstherockalongwhich movement has occurred, sec Figure 1). In sor places, i bfeedetr.ocTkhiunsimtseaonnsetihtahterisnisdoeomefspuarcthsofafutlhtsehianvveesbteigeantidoinsaprlcaac,edonveegeroltogiiaccsfmaourlmcahlt2iyosn 1m5a0y | 1 b`eCionntdiarmeicntcaontntotsamcotwvietbhetawenenaoq(usietfceFrhisgtuheraet4mri)g.hTthniostmoatyherawllioswegbreoucnondnweactteerda.ndIt also i1 meansthattwowells of similardepthandseparatedby adistanceofonlya few hundred | feetmay draw waterfrom completely different formations. | oRfetgiwoonamlajgorrournedgiwoantaelrgrfoluonwdiwnattheeradriesachofatrhgee sfietaetuisrefsu,rtthheerMciosmspilssiicpaptiedanbdyStt.heCprroeisxence dRiivesrsc. IhnagteorntehgeraeSlts,.grCoruonidxwRaitveerr,winthihleecgatrhalofofuWiannstdhheiwwensagtCohttualnofteonyfttfhleocwosutnotwyafrldoawnds. ii `tgorwoaurnddawnatdedr HiowsocccuthrostaihseoMrfitsesgnirseesfiepsrpriedRtivoears. Ta hgreozuondnwawtheerrdeitvihdse d(Fiigvuerer1g).eoWfnhtcihleee i asismtil1a0rtihnecAotnlcaenpttic1O0cteheanbeftreormktnhooswent"hcaotnftlionwenwtealstditvoitdhee"P(atchiaftisceOpcaeraatne)s,raivgerrosutnhdatwaftleorw divide is les fixed and may shift its locatiaon a resultinchanges in climate end `apppurmopxiinmgoatfeg,rwoiulnldcwhaatenrg.e oAvesratrimees,ualntdhemaloycabteiosnliogfthtley daicftfuearlengtrionuncdawcahtaeqruidfierv.ide is IunndseorutthheercnasWtassihdienogfttohneC3ouMn-tWyo,otdhbeugrryouDnidswpaotsearl dSiitvei.deTihsilsocmaetaendsstohmaetwghreoruendnweaatreorr `contaminants beneath easter portionsofth site could move east-southeast toward the S`tw.esCtr-osioxutRhiwveesrt wthoiwlaerdthtohseeMbiesasciastsihpwpeisRtievrenr.poArdtdiiotnisoofnatlhley,siinteDewonumladrkmoTroewlniskheliypmaonvde: `southeast Corage Grove, near where the two rivers converge, the regional groundwater `fcloouwlddiproteecnttiioanl"lfyaanfsfeocutta laTrhgeerraerseulattihsatnhaist tgyrpoiucnadllwyatseeerncaotntmaomsitnasittiso.n from the ste: ``cTohnettaympienoafntgseomloovgei.cTuhneissabnedneaantdhgtrhaevedlisdpeopsoaslitsisteinaltshoe bafufreicetdsbheodwrogcrkouvnaldlweayt,earnadntdhe Platteville St. Peter and Prarie du Chien formations beneath the site are highly `permeable, allowing groundwater to casily move downward through pore spaces between sand grains and along fractures. `There are four majordrinking water aquifers in the investigation area, that are from ashnadllForwaensctontioadeSeapnedsstt:oSnte. (PFeitgeurrSean4)d.stSotantee,wPerlalirrieecdourdCshailesnoGirndoiucpa,teJtohredraeanrSeansdosmtoenew,ells u`msuinnigcitphaelowvaetrelryisnugpspalnydwaenldlgirnavtehle daeffpeocstietd,cboumtmuthniistaipepseadrrsatwowbaeterarref.roAmllthoefJtoherdan Sandstone. ``gGrraionusn,dawlattheoruginhtfhreacStt.urPeestaenrdmisgolruattieosnpcraivmiatriislyatrehrporuegshentthie ptohreeSstp.aPceeesrb,eptawreteicnultahrelsyand near the buried bedrock valleys (Alexander 2007; Runkel etal, 2007). Such solution s p35 i | | cavities may create pathways through which grounadndcwonatatmineanrts migrate more {{ quickly then s typically observed in the St. Petr. {i (`cGrraocuknsdwaantdevrofildosw)iinntthhee fPormratidoanu.CTihhieernPdroailiroimeiedtue Cihsiheenaviislayctiunafllluyenccoendsibdyerferdacatu"rgesroup" |i cOonmepootssemdeomfbtewrososefptahreatPerdaoirlioemdiuteCfhoiremnatGiroounps. reFfoerrrgeednteoraals tphurepSohsaesk,optheiesarnepdortthewill i alCtohnsoiudgehr tthheePrroacrkiietsdeulfCihnitheenlGorwoeurpOanseotsaingfle uonit.rHotwemnedvsearto,biett imsouirseefmuolastsoninvoet(it.hat ! d`teweanntsdeesrrt,toowhwiaetvlhlelsim(tolLreiepnodsroheloulstpmiaoecntec)ala.vtih1ta9in7e4st).h.eAssHayanddrreiasueulloitvcetrcholenyOdiunncgetoSitvhaiatkpyoropisveiaedmefsoertmhaaetihsoiongu,fhethrrhoeyewiOenlmeduooctfha `wwaatteerrccaannppaasssstthhrroouugghha(ntaequaiqfueirf,earnsdpdoerposeintyd)s,nboutt haolwyownetllhecoannmecoteodufthnpoosrteepsopraecseptahcaets fraraecttuoroendebeadnrotohcekrgr(tohuenadqwuaitfeerrs'ypsetrememasbiilnistyo)u.theTahsetMhyidnrnaeusloilcachoansdbuceteivnisthyoofwnsim0ilar `(s2o0m0e6t)imiedseexncteiedfazisoeevnedernaelatrhtohuescanod nfettoapefcrtdhtaeyS(Ruhnkealaetnkadl.On2o0e0o7t)pa. mTeeimpbpesirngsoctfatlh.e "P`rghariiogruhinedtwdraauntseCmrhiisfcslaiovwwihtayitcezhsoanhcra"es.vedernysheilgyhs.pTahciedszfraoctournfehsi-egthhisflcorewartaeteshiosrrizeonfwheetrore.asethde cBaeulsoewgtrhoeuPnrdawiariteedrutoCmhoievne sdtowemvJaorrddanfrSoamndtshteoPnrea.irPiuemdpuiCnhgiwcenllisnifontthheeJJoorrddaann. can fPrreolmitmhienaPrryirmiocdedluiCnhgoiefngrtoutnhdeJwoartdearnfmloawybbyeoMccDuHrrsiungggpersitmsatrhialtygirnotuhnedawraetaesr low (iAm.meDdiiearrtaerliy, MarDoHun,dpmeurnsiocniaplaclowmemlulnsicasatiroens,ul2t0o0f7t)h.e high pumping ratesofthose wells sBielntestaotnhe.tThehJsofrodramnaStainodnsitsonnoetisctohnseidSte.reLdawarneanqcueiffeorrbmuattiroant,hecroam"pcoosnefdionifndgoulnoimti"te and. bdeocwanuwsaeridt htahsroluogwhvietr.tTihcialsmpeeramnesabtihlaittyi,nmsoosgtroaurncdsw,atteher gSte.neLraawlrleyndcoecs"pnroottemcotsv"ethe `faoqrumiafterisonb,eaicnadtehsictefnrdionmgdoorwdnerw,aarrde tmhiegrFartainocnooifsc,onItraomnitonna,ntasn.d BGaelleoswvitlhleeSsta.nLdsatworneence uanqiuti,fearnsd(twhheiMcohuanretoSfitemnoncosnasniddsetroendetaoqubiefeorn.e single aquifer), the Eau Claire confining `lUoncdaeterdnaatpuprraolrciomnadtietliyon8s0,-t1h20tfoepeotfbtehleowwtahte garboluendtsutrhfea3ceM.-WTohoedlbaurgreyvDoilsupmoessaolfSiwcatiesr c(oanntaavienrmaegnetofsy.s6temmialtltohne gsaitlelohnass pleorwdearye)d btehienwgatreermotavbelde,beysptehceiaglrloyunnedawratteher pump-out wells,50thatthedepth to thtopofthe wate able isnow between 80-140 fct below ground. 0 5.36 PEC Analysis `Isnamaptlee2s0f0o3r,ttwhoePMFDCH, pPeurbflliucoHreoaolcttahnLeasbuolrfaotnoartyed(ePvFeOlSo)peadnda mpeertfhloudortooocatnaanloyizceawcaitder p(erfPluorFoTchhOeemsiecAtalwso.)PPF.FCOshAaavnedbPeReOntShaecfcoucmuusloafttehien hmuamjanosroaifndtthoyethsecriesnpteicfiiecsre(sEcParAchon i B2o0t0h2,haOvEeCbeDen20f0o2)u.ndPtFoObSe,wbiudtensoptrePaFdOiAn,thheasenbveiernosnhmoewnnt.tPo FbiOoAawccausmuplarteoidn ufaicstht,ehde `3oMc-cCurortetda(geMDGrHov20e05p)l.ant on a large scale; some PFOS production or use also reportedly Iinnctlhuedesaprtiontgaloof2f0s0e6v,enthPeFMCD.THhiPsuwblaiscdHoeanletihnLraebsoproantsoerytoexapraenqdueedsttfhreoirmPtFhCe MmePtChAoditno MlatEeC2A00a5t ftohlelfoowrimnegrtWheasdheitencgttioonn oCfootuhnteyrSPaFnCitsairnysLoainldafinldlwaantderansaalmypzleedsbcyolalelcatbeodrabtyortyhe ainnaBlryitziesdhiCnodlruimnbkiian,g Cwaatneardaby(MAxDysHArnea:lytical Services). The seven PFCs currently being PFBA: PFPeA: PFHxA: PPRFBOSA:: PFHXS: PFOS: Perfluorobutanoic acid PPeerrfflluuoorroopheenxtsannooiiccaacciidd PPeerrfflluuoorrooobcuttaannoeiscualcfiodnate Perfluorohexane sulfonate Perfluorooctane sulfonate `aWvaotiedrtshaemupsleeosafrpreocdoulcltescttehdaitnccolueladnc2on5t0aiminllPiFliCtserdpuorliynegthsyalmepnleinbgo.ttTlehse. Canaarleyisistiasken to ``scpoencdturcotmeedtruysi(nLgCa/cMoSm/bMiSn)edmehtihgoh-dp,ruesssiunrgerlaidqiuoi-dlacbherloemdaPtFogOrAapahnydtPaFnOdeSmsmtaansdsards. Each `soafmtpheleadisdsepdiskteadndianrtdhmeulsabtbwietwh ia ktnohw3in0qn%uaonfiitthyoefknaobewlneldabsetlaenddasrtda.nTdahredrceocnocveenrtyrartaitoen Paudbdleidc tHoetahletshaLmabporltaetoomreysitssquuealdintyewcofnotrrmoallrreeqpuoirrteimnegntlse.veIlns Sfeorpttehembseerve2n00P7F,CtsheofM0D.3H ``pcaormtsmupneircbaitliloinon, (2p0p0b7)),.oPrF3C0s0 dpeatretcstpeedrattriclolniconen(tprpatt)iionnswabteetrw(ePe.nS5w0edaenndb3or0g0,pppterasreo:nal reported as estimated, or "J" flagged values Evaluationof PECs in Drinking Water MPDFHOShaansdesPtFabOlAi.sheIndHFeeablrtuahrRyis2k00L8i,miMtDs(HHResLtSa)bilinsMhiednnaeHseoatlathRuBlaesseodfVa0l3upep(bfBoVr)boftohr i lPaFteB2A00o7f7byppEbPbAasaenddi3nMp.arAt oHnBtVoxiicsoalcorgiitcearlioanntdhpahasrmeasctoakbilnieshteidcusstiundgitehsecsoammpleetreidskin `tahsrsoeusgshmernutlpermoackeidnugr.eIsnafnodrpomlaitciieosnusMeDdfHorHHRRLLsSa,nbduHt BthVast ,haisncnloutdyienbgteheenspepcriofmiuclgated `bmiettph/sowduowlwo.gyh,eaelxtphosstuartee amsns.umupstdiiovnyse,lvarnidskr/egfueirdeanncceesl,giw/aivnadielxa.bulemla.t " i p37 hMBietDcaHsuscweousslpdehceniofatilcteissnttfaaotbrelm.icastahinoHnBodnViPvfsoBrehAPFitsBoiAxibuceiiftydoraneenFecedbeerd/ugtaowrdiyepv2efo0l0hdo8ap.(asTeHheeBreVfowrae,s 2lsacaking, `cautious public health approach, prior to the issuanceofthe HBV for PFBA MDH used a rleevdeulcoinfg|epxppbosausrae "tpooPiFntBoAf.deIpnaortthuerrew"orfodrs,ofMfeDriHngwaadsviccoenftoidpernitvattheatweelxlpooswunreerstoaPboFuBtA in drinking water at levels below 1 ppb was unlikely to beofhealth concern. Because: MDHcouldnotquanthtepoitef ntiyal hera isklatt levh els above | ppb,advice was rperdouvciedetdhetiortehxopsoespurrieviafttehweeyllchoowsnee.rs (or community water supply customers) on how to "The available scientific information for thefourremaining PFCs that MDH currently `Baansaelydzeosfntohreiisrmcohremeiclaimlictheadrtahcatnertihsteicisn,fiotrimsaatnitoinciapvaatieldabtlheatforresPeFaOrSch,wPilFlOsAh,oowr tPhFatBA. lPiFfeP. ePAFBanSdaPndFHPxFAHaXrSegheanveerableleyn sletsusdtioexdimcotrheanexPtFenOsiAvealnyd.,PlFikHeXPSFBinA,parhticaualavsrhioe srktnhoalwfn- PFBS of7 ppb (seehuy/ss/nwds.iheavlts/ehiskiguidance/ 10 have a long half-life in humans (see below). MDH has reviewed the available toxicological information on PFBS and PFHxS, and recently established an HBV for PFS. hstate mn gw tos pd. MDHstaffdetermined that there was insufficient information to establish an HBV for HRLs and HBVs are used by MDH to determine if a drinking water well advisory is ``pwraortreacnttpeudblfoirc ahneailntdhivfirdoumallwoenlgl-.teTrhmeeMxpPoCsuAreusteosPEMCDs,Hsaudcvhisaosrpiresovtiodtiankgebaoctttiloendswtaoter `or individual water treament. In cases where a combination ofPFOS, PFOA, and PFBA Iarnedepxrtesoe natc,cbouutntdofonroptoessxicbeleed etfhfeeicrtsionfdievxipdousalu rHeR LtosmoorreHBtVha,n MDH calculates one PFC at atim ea. Hazard The Hazard Indexisthe sumof theratios ofthe concentraotfiPoFnOSsand PFOAovertheir individual HRLs,and PFBAover its HBV.If the Hazard Index exceeds a value ofone, a drinking water well advisory is issued. `CommWeullnMoniittoriyng In late 2004, after releasesof PFCs were documented at the 3M-Cottage Grove facility (later described in MDH 2005), MDH worked with 3M to collect samples from municipal `wells in Cottage Grove and Hastings for analysis for PFOS and PFOA. The samples were. collectedunderthesupervision of MDH and city staff, and were sent to Exygen Research (now MPI) in State College, Pennsylvania for analysis. Neither PFOS nor PFOA were between 25 and 50 pt) was detectedin one ofive Hastings community wells. detected in the cleven Cottage Grove community wells. A trace ofPFOA (defined as (aI0nn1dm1i1ld0o-w02e.0r30e6pd,ptbth)heewaMenraDleyHtdiectPaeulcbtdleeidtceiHcnteiasoelnvtehlriLamalibtWosoraoastddoberusyrceryxicbpeoadmndmpreuednviitothueysllwiyse.tloLsfodPwuFrCliesnvgeflorsrouoatfniaPnleFysBiAs Sampling. No other PFCs were detected. By falof 2006, it was found that low levels 0.1 2 p.38 100.5 ppb)of PFBA were present in all 16 Woodbury community wells. Although the i 3prMesweanscteeodfiPspFoBsaAlisnittheoisneOwaekldlsalae panpd LteaokabeerEtlshmeor(esMulDtHof2P00F8C)s,mtohevicintgy aofwCaoytftraogme the | GPrFoCvelstr.eqIunesDteecdetmhbaet rth2e0i0r 6c,omPmFuBnAitwyaswedleltsebceterdetinesatlleodfftohrePCFoCtsiaugseinGgrtohveeemxupnaincdiepdal wceolnlcseanttrcatoionnscheignhetr rtrhaaanngttihinogsofernfoosmun0d.3itnoth1.e5 pWpobo.dbTuhreydcietytweelclsotfsuiPgFgoeBsAntedatthat the: i PGrFoCvsen,trhatehCerottthaangethGero3vM-ecOiatkydwaellelDsiwseproesaflroSmitaenaontdheWrassohuirncgetlooncaCtoeudnitynLoanndesailrlC.ottage TsahmepldietnegcotfiootnshoefrPcFomBmAuninitcyomwmelulnsitinyswoeultlhsWiansWhoiondgbtounryanadndnoCrotthteamgneDGarkoovtea Ctoriugngteireesd stoamdpeltienrgmienveeinfttuahlelyyhiandclbuedeendiWmopoadcbtuerdyb,yCPotFtCa,gebGergoivnen,inNgeiwnpoJarntu,aSrty. 2P0a0u7l. PTahrki,s HinasctaicnhgosfatnhdesSeouctithiS.t. LPoauwl;lePvFelBsA(0w.a4s4 pdpetbeocntedavienrsagoem)eoofrPalFBoAftwheerecoalmsmounfiotunydweilnlas `EaCgolmemsunWiattycwha,itertshuepepalsytewrenllpasretrovfitngha chiotyu.siSnagmpdleivneglowpamsenctonidnuCcottetdagoen Garmoovnetkhlnyowbansiass in 2007 to determineifthe levelsof PFBA were changing, Sampling frequency changed efvreonm dmeocnltihnlinyg10slqiguhatrlty.erly in 2008 when it became apparent tht the levels were stable or ``Tchoemmauvneirtayg'esawnadtrearnsguepopflcyosncyesnttermaftrioomnsoJafnuPaFryBA20d0e7tetchtreoduignhtSheepwteelmlbsesrer2v0i0n9g aeraechshown inthe table below. Community Well PFBADat, Jan. 2007 -- Sept.2000 [ocni [SWaells ||SWlellisewPmFaBA| ascppb)o|| Dpetiecctsic(ppbi) | [Hastings151 T0m-067| 5 026 | [StPaulPack | 3 1"37 1096-230 | 136 | [SouthSe Paul | 75TST 008-037 | 020 | PFBA is the only PFC that hasbeen detected in community wells in Newport and South cSto.nPsaiuslt.entLlyowdetleecvtelesdoifn tPhFeBeSC(outptatg0e0G.3r2ovpe cpoamnmdubPniFt)HySwe(lulp;tr0a0c.e16ampopubn)thsaovfebPeFePneA G`arnodvPe cHoAmmu(nleiststyhwaenll1s0(0sepepT)ahbaleve4a,lAspopbeenednixin2t)e.mmPiFtiOeAntlhyadsebteecctnedinitnervmairtitoeunstlCyottage: detected at approximately 50 ppt in one Hastings well and one St. Paul Park well. In ``aWnodoPdbFuOryA,wPaFsHdXeStehctaesdboenecnenatte5mi0tptpetntinlyondeetceoctmemduantiatpyprwoelxli.mately 50 ppt in one well, 1 p.39 i thLatehvaovefebPelFeBnsrAeagpuplearalry s0abmepslteadbbleyorMdDecHlsiinnicngecsalirglhtyly20i0n7m.aAnsyanoeftxhaempcloem,mFuiitgywu6eirlslesa i{ J`arnaupahroyf2t0h0e7ctoonSceenpttreamtiboenrof20P09F.BTAheirnetahseo1n1sfCootrtaadgeeclGirnoevaerceounmcmluenairt,ybuwetlclosulfdrormeflect i | 1`)coanntaamcitnuaatlidoencplliunmeientthhreoluegvheilnscorfeaPsFeBdpAuminptihnegJoorfdcaonmamquuinfietry; w2e)lmlsotovmeeemteodfentmhtaend;or || `c3o)lliemcptiroonvsehmoeunltdshienltphdeaectceurmrianceyiofftthheeadneaclliynteiciaslremaelt,haonddosvheerdtsiomem.e Cloignhttiansuetdo diatsta | { causes. i bMuDsiHneshsaess,aplasrokssa,mapnldedotsheevrerlaolcadtoizoensn tnhorno-ucgohmomutansiotuythpeurbnliWc awelslshloicaantneddgnaottrcthohuernrchnes, | Dakota Counties. Results from these wells showed cither 10 or low levels of PFBA. eh , dInis2p0o0s5e,d 8o5afa retshuelt3oMf-bWeoiondgbiunrfyorDmiesdpobsyal3MSitteh,at3MP'FsCccoonnstulatiannitn,g WweasstteosnmSaolyuthiaovnse,beInecn. 2(0W0e7sat)o.n)PcFoOllAe,ctPeFdOgSr,ouPnFdwBaStearndsaPmFpHleXsSfwreormemroenpiotrotreidnignwmeolnlistaortihneg swietlel(sWoensttohne, dLainsdcShialrpgreodpefrrtoym tinhbeoptuhmtph-eoPurtaiwreiledluatCthhieesniaten(dTJaobrldea1n,aAqupipfeenrdsiaxn2d)t.hTehweatsearmples were not analyzed for PFBA. tIhneJduinsepo2s0a0l5,sitteh.e TMhPeCseAwealnldsMweDrHe sceollelcetcetdedaswabteeirngsarmepprleessenftraotimve15ofprtihveatQeuawteelrlnsarnye.ar PsraanidriaenddugCrahvieeln,deapnodsiJtosrdaabno)veintuhseebneedarroctkheadnidsptohseatlhrsietee.beAdtrotchaktatqiumief,erPsF(OStS. aPentderP,FOA `PwuebrleicthHeeaolntlhy LPaFbCosraftoorryw.hiNcehitanhaelrytPiFcaOlAmentohroPdFsOhSadwebereendedteevcetleodped by the MDH sIenvleartael2o0t0h6er-ceiatrylwye2l0l0s7l,edthteodseatmepctliionngooffrPesFiBdAentiinaWloaonddbnuroyn,-cCoomtmtuangietGyropvuebl,iacndw.ells c(souncthamaisnachtuirocnhaelss,obiusnicnleusdseedst,heecc)o.mmSuanmiptliiensogoffGrteheyseClweolulds IisnldaincdatTeodwnthsehiaprc,aDoefnPmFaBrkA "tTotoawlnsahrieapo,fthPeFwBesAtecronnteadmgienaotfiAofnt(oinn,claunddintghethseouartehaesmamfofsetctpeodrbtiyotnohefOMaakpdlaelweoaondd. LaThkee. `EWlasmhisnigtteso)neCnocuonmtpya)ssreelsyoevnetirre1l0y0osnqugarroeunmidlweast.erRaessitdheentssouwrictehionftthhiisradrreian(kainndg iwnataelrl.of wMeolsltsrienstihdeesnetscoamremucnointnieecst.ed to city water, but it is estimated there over 4,000 private dGeivveelnotpheedstcooppreoovfitdheerappoitdenitnifaolrlymaatfifoenctreedgaarredai,nga hproiwvaftaerwaenldl hsaomwpldienegpptrhoegPrFaCm was CcoonutnatmyinWaetlilonInhdaedxs(pCrWeeId)awnadswuhseerdettoheidheingihfeystwceolnlscewnittrhatgieoonlsogwiecreinlfoocratmeadt.ionThien state's recorded drier' logs. Wells drawing water from cachofthe drinking water aquifers " p40 `nuessiegdahibmnotprahhelohoiiindgvsnhieesngtrtighdaeetnpisooitnteyanortfeiawalewlleylrsaef)fsewecaltesecdtuencddoemtrmotupanrkioteviniiedsne.tgheeMoogfrroaleplhoiinwctiencngsoiavvreeerasasga:emo1p)flcillnolgsoe(sfictt.hteo: Ii ```sawpnahdteirdaeolwttnrhegenrbdaesddiirneoncPtkFogBfeAtohcleogodiysnpisosccaolmepslintiec,taw2te)errdwehabueynrtpefraeiuPdlFitocsBtaAannbdcl/soeon.rcebSneatdmrrpaotlciikonngvsparlwloeecrysee,ehdaiegnhddeis4nt),awn3h)ere || i riteroatoivufe sfaanmshpilodens.--TwhiitshaelalcohwreoduntdheofMsPaCmpAlainndg MreDsulHtstionfreofrimnientghdeescaimsipolnisngabpoluatntthoe next widaetnetrifsyaamnpldefsohcuasdobneeanrecaosollfegcrteedatfersotmopovteernt9i0al0hereaslitdhenctoinaclerann.d 5B6ybtuhseineensdsofwe2l0l08i,n the `afAfpepcetneddicxo2m).munities. A general summaryofsampling results is provided in Table 2 (in TinhveesmtoigsatticoonmamroenalisyPdFeBtAec.tedPFcoPnetAamiisnaalnsto ifnrepqruievnattleyadnedtebcutseidn,ebsustwieslltsypiincatlhley found `ownelryeicnomweplllestweidtihnPthFeBPAraciorniecednutrCahtiieonn,s Joofrd1apnp,banodr gFrreaantecro.niMaoasqtuioffetrsh,eowrehlalsdsnaomrpelceodrd d1i0sitnrdiibcuattieontohefaPqFuiBfAeriinntwhehifcohurtmhaeyjowrerdreicnokmipnlgewtaetde.r aFqiugiufreerss7(S~t.1P0etsehr,owPrtahierie du Chien, Jordan, and Franconia). `aOrtehaesor fPECCostthaagveeGbreoevne.deTtehcetefdisattatrheea3iMs -lWocoaotdedbusoruythDiasnpdoswaelstSiotfeHaindghiwnatywo10i,solated ``pbreiemnardieltyecitnetdhaetLlaonwgcdoonnceanntdraRtiivoenrs Aicnsteosmenperiighvbaotrehwoeoldlss,. wThheeresemcuolntidaplreeaPFiCs sthheamvaein hCoatvteabgeeeGnrdoevteecctietdy iwnelslevfeireladl,cwohmemruentirtaycewleelvlesl.s oFfurPtFhHerXSin,fPorFmBaSt,ioPnFoPneAth,esaenddePteFcRtiXoAns is provided below. TPEoC-beRtetleartdeedfinIenvreesstiidguaatlioPnFs Catltehveel3sMi-nWsooioldabnudrwyaDsitsepmoastaelriSailtsea the site and provide: ``WSeosmteocnl,ueisnsatsaltloedthaesseoriuersceo(fsso)oilfbPoFrCinsgsinignrtohuendfwoartmeerr,NionrtAhperialst20Di0s7po3sMa'lsAcroenasu(lWtaenstt,on S2e0p0a8r8a)t.edAvbayilsoaibllmeohuinsdtosr.ic information forthe site suggested the presence of two trenches aAdtoetalpoofftt1eh4nsofieeltb.oSreilnegcstewderbeordirniglslewdiutshiinngtdhiertcrcetn-cphusfheadtriulrleisnwgetreechandovloagnyc,edgetnoertahlely to cbehdraorcka,catpeptrrhoeixsiozmiaeltceolvye2r0(1fe.e5t1d0ee6.p.feSeoti)lasanmdplbeacskfwielrlemactoelrlieaclte(d1.5con0tin1u7ofuesel)y ttohickness vaanpdodrespatnhd, paH.weSlellaesctoetdhesroidlesscarmipplteisvewienzfeocromlatlieocnt.edSboaislsedweorne vailssuoalscarpepeenaerdanfcoreoarngdansiecnt atonatlhyez3edMfEornvViOrCosnm.ental Laboratory for PFC analysis. Selected samples were also 1s p41 D"iTshepososiallbAorrcinagarlopcatrioenssanedinnreFtsiugleutsrdefo1r1.PFPOFSC, PcFoOnAc,eanntdrPaFtBiwoAerniesngtehneeNraolrltyhheiagshterin |i thebackfillmaterial i theformertrenchareasthaninthemoundarcas.PFOA was | detienecacthoeftdhe soilsamplescollected intheformertrench areas, at levelsthat i sroainlsgeamfprloems1c,o2l2l0ecptpebditnot2h6e,f1o0r0mpeprb.NLoowerr tleDviheslpseoosfaaPlFAsBrcAtaw.ePrFeBdAetlecteediivnnt2h0eeofflo2r1mser 1| trench areasrangedfrom 15(0 175ppb. PFOSwasdetected in 1)ofthe 12samples i fcorlolmec2t,e8d0f0rtoom1b9a,c3kf0i0lplpmba.teOrtihaerinPFthCesfwoerrmeerintfrreeaqchueesn.tlDyedteetcetcetdedc;onmcoesnttrnaottiaobnlserwaansged { 'PFHxS in 11 soil samples at levels that ranged from 283 to 10,100 ppb. Petroleum related `and chlorinated VOCs were also commonly detected i soil samples. ! In the fallof 2007, soil borings wereinstalledto fuarsseststhhemaeterrial remaining in the disposal trenches at the former Main Disposal Area and Municipal Fill Areas for DiPsFpCos.saEliAgrhteeaentrdeinrcehcets-p(uAs-hHb)orainndgstwwoerfeorcmoemrplMeutneidciwpiatlhFiinltlhAereeiagsht(I,foJr).meWritMhaianpproval | fr(oPFmOtAh,ePMOPS,CPAsFo,iHlSs,amPpFlBesAfraondmtPhFiBSa)r.eaTwweoresaoinlaslaymzpeldefsowreasremcaollllecletsertd aonfidvaenalPyFzCesd i fdoirstphoseaflitverePnFchCsanrdoemseeaccohndsosialmbpolreinfgr,oumsuaaplplryooxnimeastaemlpylfeivferofemetthbeebloow tthetobfootthmteom of lotchaettiroenncsha.nTdhPeFsCoirlessbuolrtisfnogrstrhaensgeeadrienasdaeprtehsfhroowmneiingFhtigtour2e8 1f2e.et. The soil boring. PFCs were detected at eachof the soi boring locations within the former Main Disposal ``Awreerae.ePitFhCercnoonnc-ednettreacttioonrswienrtehelessasmtphlaenstchoaltloefctthedefsraommplbeesnecaotllhetchteedfflrlwoamstthee mfailtleirwiaastle: d`meatteecrtiaeld.atThbeorhiinggheGstPAPOFCactoandcenetrpaotifto1n6h(.P5FfOeeAt. atPaFcOoSnwceanstdreattieocnteodfa3t,0c20a,0o0cf0tphhpeb)14was borings inthe Main Disposal Area, at concentrations that ranged from 197 ppb to 17,600 fpprbo.mPIF1B0A22w5apspdbe.tLecotweedratlleovewlesorcfonPcFeCnstrwaetrioenfsocuonmdpinatrheed tsooilPFsaOmAplaensdcoPlFlOeSct,edrafnrgoimng the fous borings drilled in the former Municipal Fill Arca IfnrvoemstgigartioonsuinnLtadokseuwrEfalamctoew(eaMterDrH. 2I0n028030)8,hatvheedMePmoCnAstrreaqtueedsttheed PthFaCts3Mmicgoraltleercaetadily i a`wpaptreorxsiammaptleelyf2r,o0m0a0sfmeeatllsopuotnhdofotnhtehefosirtmeekrnMoawinnaDsisGpaobslaelsALraekae,. aTshsishopwonndinisFilgocuarteed3. 0A.0s9a1m3plpepbcoPllFeOcAte,daonnde0f.o0ot37b3elpopwb tPhFeOsSur(faWceeostfotnh2e0l0a9k)e contained 0.103 ppb PFBA, Iinnf2o0r0m6a-t2i0on07a,botuwteaPtFyCadddiisttiroinbaultimoonnaitttohreinsigtewealnldstwoermoeniintsotrallfeodr atonyprmoovvideemeadndtitoifonal cporensteanmtinian nmtusltaiwplaeymfornoimtotrhinsgitwee(llWsesattotnh,e 2si0t0e7,ap)r.imSaarmilpylidnogwnhgarsadsihconwtnotfthahtePwFaCsstearc `(wTealbllMeW3-,2A,ppneenadritxhe2)N.oTrthheeahsigthDeisstploesvaellsAhraevae(cFoingsuirsete3)n.tlPy FbeCecnofnoceunntdraintimoonnsitaortihneg.site 1 i p42 `dheatveectbeedeninstwaeblllesonvaerr tthhee lbiomuintdeadrsiaemsopflitnhgep3erMiopdr,oapenrdtyg.eneHroawlelvyelro,wocnolnyceonntcoraftitohnes:are th`meo"nihtiogrhintgrawneslmlisscsoivmiptlyetzeodnei"n itdheentPirfaiierdiebdysTCiphpiienng,(weetlallM2W00-6S)O,6aPnCd)taicstulaolclayteidntersects ucaprgrryaidnigentthoefmtajhoerwitaystoefdfilsopwosianltahreeaPsr.ar3iMe'dsucCohnisuelnta(nWtesitdoennt,if2i0e0d8st)h.is zTohneeaabssleinkceelyof "`mPoFnCitmoirgirnagtiwoenllmsaiyntbeercmeipstisnegdtbhiystzhoenmeomneitaonrsinitginseptowsosrikb.le that a critical pathway for "AThgersoyusntdewmatwearsroermiegdiinaatlliyoninssytsaltleemd itsoicnoontpreorlatmiiognraattitohneo3fMV-OWCoso.dbTuhreygrDiosupnodswaaltseirte. arevmeerdaigaetoiofn s4.y6 smitlelmioinncglauldleosnsfoofurwagrtaedriepnetrcdoanytrforroemctohveewreyllwse.llTsh.eThwaetseyrisstedmispcuhmaprsgeadn uthsreodufgohr ansoxn-cmoinlteacltoncgoopliipnegliwnaetteortphreio3rMt-oCdoitsacgheaGrrgtooetvehefMaciislsiitysswihpeprieRiit viesrpruinmadreiarly ``pWeersmtiotni(ss2u0e0d7bb)ywthheicMhPcCoAn.cluAdehdydtrhaeuglriacdiceonntduccotnitvriotlywzeolnlseearnealfyuslilsy wcoanstacionnidnugctthee.d by `cocnotnrtoalmisnyasttieomn.onH-soiwtee.veTrh,isciitsccaolnsgiasptesnitnwtihtehmporneivtiooruisngevnaeltuwaotriko,nsosftdehsecrgirbaeddieanbtove, make it impossibltoe verify this "`TgoroduentdewramtienreicfonptoatmenitniaatliolneaiknaSgoeuftrhoWmatshheicnogntvoenyCaonucnetlyi,nethceouMlPd CbeAcronetqruiebsutteidngthtaot 3M ``ocvoenrdaucptearitohdoorfosuegvheervaalluwaeteikosn odurtfhingiAnptrciglriaynodftMahyl2i0ne07(.WeTshteoenv2a0l0u8a4t)i.onThwiasswdaonse:done us`wiantgerdifrleocwtinsteonsainndgotuetchonfotlhoegpyipwehleinree)v.erNopolsesaikbslew(eir.e ditetweacstendotindtohneecboynvmeeaysaunrcieng. ``pwihpeelrienet.heTehvearleuawteiroen twwaospdiipffeilciunletsbeegcmaeunstes,thleoscaetgemdenintsCowtetraegetoGorolovnegRaanvdinineaPcacersks,ible. Evaluating shorter pipeline sections in this area was notfeasibledue tothedifficult physical sciting (step elevations, wooded areas, asphaltsurfaces,ec.) and/orthe `ppiippeelliinnee dweapsthmo(roveerrec1e0ntfleeytidnestcaplliends(oinme20a0r3ea)s)a.nd3tMhaitnidtiwcaatsedintahcattathisthpoarttiimoen.ofthe 3`gMrohuansdwaaltseorienxdtircaactteidonthwaetltlhserteearretphreepsispuerleinmeo,naintodrwihnegrpeoitnhteslwihneereendtsheatftohuer 3M C`wootutladgebeGrquoivceklfaycidleitteyc(te3dMa2n0d08r)e.po3rtMed,haasnsdtatthead tnhoatsuacnhylseiagknsifhiacvanetbleeeanksrefproormtetdhe line recently. M`PAtCthAe-MP3CMACoAnpsrieln2t4O,r2d0e0rf7oCriPtiFzCenDsi'sBpooasradlSmeietteisng, the Board was asked to approve a sPeEriCescoofnetnamfionracteimoennftraocmtitohnrseeunkdneorwtnhePsFtCatediSsuppoesralfusnitdesl:atwhteo3cMo-mCpoetlta3gMe Gtroorveespfoacnidlittoy, the 3M-Woodbury Disposal Sit,andthe 3M-Oakdale Disposal Site. The former " pas `Washington County Landfill was not included because under the MPCA Closed Landsill } Program, theMPCAhas assumed responsibility for the site. | nIengsotteiaadotefaapCpornosveinntgOtrhdeerenwfiotrhce3mMenotnacPtFioCnsc,otnhteamCiintiazteinosn'iBnoMairndnedisroetcate(dMMPPCCAA20s0t7acff).to | "The Boarddirectedstafftoaddresssevenconcenswith regtotaherdisdpossalsitesand i `proposed actions inthe Order, as follows: { 1. Arigorous,robust cleanupplan fo th disposal sites. 2. Recognitionofthe MPCA'sjurisdiction. 43.. MAudndirceispsaflutaunrdeparcitviaotnesdorninPkFinBgA.water supplies addressed. 5. Address additonal studiesonhealthand environmental effects. 6. Addresscooperation from 3Monsharingresearchandinformation. 7. PreservetheMPCA'sright otakeaction inthefuture. `The MPCA and 3M negotiatedtheOrder, and presented it to the MPCA Citizens' Board forapproval at its May 22, 2007 meting. The Citizens' Board unanimously approved the `Consent Order with 3M. The consent order can be accessed on the MPCA web ste at tps peasitemnuscleanupipfelinhdiems!(MPCA 2007d): IfnortmheerCWonassehnitngOtrodnerC,o3unMtyhaLsaandgfrieleld t3oMcoinstrailbsuotoebulpigtaote$d8tmouilnldieonrtthoereCmoendsieantteOthre:detro `provide altemate sourcesofdrinking water in the case where PFC levels in a public or private well exceed MDH health-based exposure limits. Also included in the Consent reOsroduerrciesdaanmaaggreecemleanitrthraetltahteedMtPorCelAeadsoecssofnotPFwCaisfveroims trhigehtsi0tesp.uSruscuhe acnlyimnasuarraelallowed under state and federal law. 3M provides regular updates to the MPCA and MqDuaHrtoernlyvbaarsiiosubsyacMtiPviCtiAesaunnddeMrDthHestCaofnfsoennt3OMr'desrp;rtohgeseMsPs uCnAdBeroathredCiosnuspednattOerddoenr. & B`aRseemeddoinaldaOtptaicoonlsleocrtetdhdeur3iMn-gWporoedvbiouursyinDviessptoisgaaltiSointseconducted atthesite,andthe i PalRtCerrenaltaitveesdfionrvtehstisgiattei(onWsesdetsocnri20b0e8d2)a.boTveh,e3alMtehraastievveaslueavtaelduavtaerdiobuys 3reMspaonndseWeacsttioonn, bothsitewide and for specific contaminated media, include: { + Sitewide Sitewide Altemative | Altemativ2e ~ No action. -Institutional controls, accessrestrictionand groundwater i } `monitoring. { Groundwater Alternative | - Continued groundwater recovery with GAC treatment, as necessary, to meet appropriate discharge criteria. | i dSiosiploAslaileamtaatniveexi1s-tinEgxcofafv-astitieonloafndtfhilel former Northeast Disposal Area trenches; i{ 18 | p44 SdoiislpoAslatleamtaatniveexi2st~inEgxcoafvfsaittieonlaonftdhfle; faonrdme4rfNeoetrt(hmeiansitmDuimsp)ocsoavleArroevaertrseenlcehcetse;d aSorielasAlintetmhaetfiovreme3r~MEaxicnavDaitsipoonsoafltAhreeaf.ormer Northeast Disposal Area trenches afnodrmseerleMcatiivne DriesmpoovsaallofAsrcoai;ldwihsipocshalexacteaendsexIinsdtuisntgrioaflf-SsiRtVeSlanfdrfoimlltrenches in the Epraoctheoctfitnhgethreesppuobnlisce ahecatlitohn aalntdertnhaeticvaevsirwoansmeevnatl.uTatheedpargoapionssetdthreespproinmsaeryacgtoiaolnsofalso wFienraelleyv,atlhueatreedspionnlsieghatcotfitonhealsteeqmuaitrievmeesawtesraegreveaelduoatebdyu3siMnginthtehefoClolnosweinntgO"rbdeelra.ncing ccorsittse.riAa"`1n)olaocntgio-nt'eramlteefmfaetctiivveenisesesv;al2u)aitmepdlaetmeevnetraybislitiet.;B3a)seshdoortn-ttheersmereisvkasl;uaatnidon4s),f3oaMl `proposed the following recommended response action eltematives forthe site: InsAtlitteumtaitoinvaelScWo-n2t)r,ola,ndaccess restriction, and groundwater monitoring (Sitewide CoAnltteirnnuateidvegGroWu-n1d)water recovery with GAC treatment as necessary (Groundwater 3deMciaslisoonsttoattehde tMhPatCaAn.yoTfhteheMPthCreAe ssoeillecatletderSnoaitlivAelstweemraetiavcece3p,twahbliec,hbiuntclleufdtetdhethfeinmaolst eDxetceinssiiovneDsooicluamnednwtaostretehxcsaivtaetdiaotne,danDdecdeomcbuemren2t2,ed20t0h8e.i dAefctiesriaoncoisnta-bMeinnenfietsoantaalysis, ictlweaansudpectoeurlmdinbeedctohmaptlbeytesdlimghutclyhrseodounceirnganthdeamtalsesssocfosPtFtCosthreemeonvvierdonfmreonmttihne tseter,msthoef thfueeplluasne,breuicnkg miimlpelaegmee,natnedd laatntdhieilsistepabcye.3MT.hisAd`dmiotdiiofniaelddSeotaiillAslotnemtaheticvleea3nuiposfinthfea.ct sMitPeC, Ain'csluwdeinbgsvtaeriaouhmstspat:e./pswutwsawk/epncetaolspteraetapeanreuthplsitpeffoer cllepanlupsciantbbeelsf.ound on the. 3exMcbaevagtaendcsloeilanaunpdwwoarskteathtahsebseteenitnrtanhsepsortued mto tomhfe2eS0K0r9B.TLaonddfailtl,in1R9,o1s0e0mtoounnsto,f Mthiennseoislotaan,dwwhaesrtee afsrpoemcitahlelWyocoodnsbturrucyteadn,ddOeadkicdaatleedscietlels,haasndbeweasntceonthsattruwcatsedbuorireedceativtehe 3beMe-nCottrtaansgpeorGtreodvfeorfaocuitloitfy.staAtne addidsiptoisoanlalat4a,1p0e0rmtiottneodfheaxzcaarvdaotuesdwsaositleanfadciwlaistyteduheasto the presenceofother regulated contaminants. S"iMteDHVsitsiatfsfhas conducted several visits 0 the 3M-Woodbury Disposal Site and its Vsiacmipnlietsy,duarnidnagtttheendpalsotcatlhrgeoeveyeranrmsentotaconnddpuucbtliprcivmaeteetiwneglsl.searches, collect well water ; "lTihmeit3edM-bWyosoedvebruarlyloDciksepdosgaatlesS.it"eNisopTarrteisaplalsysfienngcTMesdi,gannsdaraeccaelsssofrproommiCnoeunnttlyy pRloaacded191s | |{ 19 || i pas aallloonwgsthseofmeenocfeathnedglaatnedst.o b3eMusheads freograuglrairsceuclutruirtaylppautrrpoolsseas,taannddeamrpoluonydetehreescirtee.ati3oMnal activity clubs also use portions otfh sie. DNeemaorglryap15h0i,c0s0,0LpaenodplUeslei,vanidn NaaretausraolfRWeassohuirncgetson and Dakota Counties where `wmeaesuTrlahbelleesltesivmelas.teodf 2P0B08Apohpualvaetbieoennsfdoerttehcteeadffiencctoemdcmiutniietsaynwdattoewrnssuhpiplpiseasroer private (Minnesota DepartmentofAdministration 2009): Woodbury: 58.430 Cottage Grove: 34,017 St Paul Park: 5.293 Newport: 3,582 Aon: 2,89 DGernemyaCrlkouTdowInsslahnidp:Tow1m,s7h2i6p: 362 Hastings: 22488 SouthSt. Paul: 20250 ``oTfhcesoempcaitcetsraesniddetnotwinalshairepassr,elpirgehstecntoammevarrciieatly odfistlraincdtsu,saens,dfrretoamilaatryepasi,catlosmuabiunrlbyanrumrailx `raensdiddeenvtiealloapnmdenatgriincutlhteurlaalstatreeans.toTthweenatryeayebaarss.exIpnetrhieenlacregdersicgintiefsi,catnhtepmoapjuolraittiyoofntghroewth `wpeolpluslaftoirodnirsisnkeirnvgewdatbeyr,coamnmduwniilltyfowrattheerfsourpepsleieeasb,lbeuftutmuorr.e rural reasrely on private `StT.heCraorieaxiBslhufofmseantodnCuomtetargoeusGrpoavrkesRaanvdinreecRreegatiioonnaall Paraerakss,, iPnocnltudDinogugAlfaosnPaSrtka,teaPnadrtkh,e ``wCiatrhpiennttehreNpaatrkusretoCelnotoekr.foMr DthHe phraessecnocleleocftePdFwCast.erLosawmplelveeslsforfomPFdrBiAnkiwnegrewadteetrecwteeldlsin tGwroovweelRlasvsienreviRneggitohneaClarPpaernkte(0r.N5autgu/rLe),Caenndtetrh(e0w.e9l-lansder1v.i8nugg/PLo)i,ntoDnoeuwgellalsaPaCrotkt(a0g.e1. Puagr/kL.). BNoothPoFfCtshewseerepadrektsecatrecdoinntwheellesasatteArfntboonrdSetraotefPWaarskh,ionrgStto. nCrCooiuxntByl,ufaflsonRgegtihoenSatl. Croix River. IfnorAsuegvuersatl2l0a0k7esMinDtHheiTswsuiendCiatipersesmserterloeasaereaa,nnionucnlcudiinnggrReavivsiendefLiaskhec,onwshuimcphtiisolnocadavtiecde: wdeittehcitnioCnoottfagPeFOGSrovineiRshavtiinsesuReesgaimopnlaelsPacrokl.lTechteedprbeytsshreelMePasCeAwafsroimsssueevdedrauleltaoketsheat tLehveeclassheoigfheRanvoiungehtLoakwea,rfriasnhtcroenvsiusmedptfiisohncaodnvsiucmepwtaisonisasduveidcereocrocmemretanidninfigshnospmecoirees. In tbhyetnhoenMePmCeAa plerawitene2ek0o0rf7blreascukltcerdapipnineeawndfilsharcgoenmsouumtphtbiaosns.adAvdidcietiboenianlgdiastsauecdoflloercotend other lake in south Washington County, Powers Lake in Woodbury, based on PFOS 2 1 R || | i| | 1i { { p.d6 wLeevbelssitien aftishh.ipF:o/rAswpweocwifhiecalgtuhidsaantcee,mpp,leausse/drievfse/rehtfoisMhD/iHnd'essxFhiusnh].CoTnhseumsppetciifoincAsdovuircceeof | the PFOS detected in fish in theselakesis not clear. GeTehxnipeesrrarielenRcegegoiisfuobotnshatnealnItasissatuleepsro.npuTlwaitnioCnitgireoswmtehtrionptohleitcaonmiarnegayweialrls,liakletlyhocuognhtidneuveetloopment has. pSrleosweendtarescternatilnyodnuearteoa trheesoeucrocneosmsiuccdh oaws nwtatuemr isnup2p0l0i8e.s,Btehceaunseeedcofnortienxupeadnsgiroonwotfhwamtaeyr ``Snwueapetpdelerdy.ssuTpypshlteieewmsishdhaeassspcrboeemaepdnliPecvFaaCtleucdaottnehtdiasmbpiyrnotachteeisocsin.tiCieusrtrahenendtalqnyue,iwfWecorsoomdtymbpuuincriayltlayynusduspCepodltfytoawrgemelulGnsriowcivilpelaalbree: in the processofsiting or constructing new community wells to meet projected demand. C`MoWmDasmHhuisnntgiatftofynh,CaoDvnaeckeohrtasnd,snaunmderRoaumssecoyntCaocutnstiweisthwchiotizheanvseleivxipnrgesinsetdhecoafnfceectmedabaoruetasPoFfCs in tFMheeDbirrHuparirinyvHa2at0se0tw7ie,nlglasn,odWtaohgoeadicbnuoirmnymF,neCbiorttuytaarwgyaet2Ge00rr8os.vuepA,plStyto..taCPlaooumflmaPupanrpikr,toxyainmmdeaetSetoliuyntg4hs0Sw0t.eprPeeaouphlleelidn by caittteesn,daenddtrheessepomnedeteidngtos.huMndDrHedhsoasfaplhsoonaetecanldlesdanmdane-ymaoitlhse.r local metings in the two hrSaaotvemesebierneetnshieedaexnrptoasssheeadevtemohecxoipnrtgeasmhstieehndaarctnoendnowrcametarelar,b(tohbueothtethahbleetffhooilrleomwainpndga;lfttehirabtcifcroatarnhcc)ht,eiraliodnrrdoeotnthnwheehhrseoadilsmtchaaysoef daobmoeusttmiucltainpilmealesxptohsautrmeapyatbhewdaryisnktionPgFcCosn,taamnidnathteedlawcaktoerf.heRaelstihd-ebnatsseadlseoxphoasduqrueesltiimointss. pfoosrssibolme.e PMFDCsHihnawsapterro.duMceDdHmuhlatsipmlaedienfeovremraytiefofnorstheteotsadfdorreasrsetahreesseidheenatlst,hriesgsuuleasrlwyhere (e`uumpsawdi/altddeiihdsevtaisrtlis/tbwhueetshibtoyantshielat.sentznoa(,n1r,Pd3F3oC0usssu/bstcoripbiercssa/sopffeSesp/tienmbdeerx2.0h09t)mtlo)n,otiafnydicnrteearteestdeadn hreasviedeanltssoapnrdovliodcaeldoufpfdicaitaelss foofrnleowcalinrfeosrimdaetnitosn.inTthheeicictiiteysn(eawnsdleWtatesrhsi,nagntnounalCowuantteyr) Cqiutaileist,yarnedpolrotc,alamneddiwae.b sites. There have also been numerous stories in tate, Twin Evaluation of Environmental Fate and Exposure Pathways aPInFmtCmrsoo,dnupcirtuiimmoanrpielcyflpueofrlouoocrtoaoncontscatsneuo(lifAcoPnaFycO)i;d (CPaFFOiAs;ONCiHF)i,s;OassHw)elanlnSdaOsoFnl)eeossferdiasmeosrauflnltust,osroofbutthaneoric aPcFiCds(sPuFcBhA,asCpAeFr-fOluroHr)oowcetrae manufectufrleudorbidye3(MPOaStFtheCiir FCotage Garnovpe facility 2 p47 i r(efpoorrmteerdllyyckenaoswendians C1h9e9m8.olOintee)offrtohmebtyhpereoadrulyct1so9f5t0huenptirlo2d0u0c2t.ioPnoFfBPAOpSroFduicstion { | pseurbfsleuqoureonotctcahneemiscualfloonrateen(zPymFaOtSi;cChiyFd1roSlOyys)i,sowfhiPcOhScFa.naTlhseobcheepmriocadlucsterducbtyurtehseof | PFOA, PFOS, and PFBA are shown in Figure 2. PFlFuCorsinwaetrieonpprroodcuecses,daatbtahtech3pMroCcoetstsawgheeGrreovheydfraocigleintyfulsuionrigdaenwealsecatdrdoecdhetmoiocraglanic atmoolmescuwlietshafnlduoerliencet.iAcituyniwqauseaapsppleicetdotfotfhaicsilpirtoacteestshewcaostmhpelpertodruecptliacoenomefnbtoofthhysdtrroaiggehnt p`rcohaciensasn(danbdrtahnechoendeciusrormeenrtsl(yPirneuvsedeobuyrtoshetraelm.a2i0n0i6n)g. PThFeCmotahneurfamcatiunrePrFsC) ipsraoduction fdilsutairnogtueilsohmePrFCprsocfeosusnadnidnptrhoedeuncveisroonulmyesnttraoirgihnt-lcivhianigntmhoilnegcsulaessh.avTihnigs ofracitgicnoautleddhferlopm hihsitsotroriiccaalllPyFuCsmeadnbuyfa3cMt)uraesaonpdpowsaesdtetodtihsepmoosadle(rsnucuhsaesoffrPoFmtChseivnarcioomumsedricsipaolsaplrsoidtuectss (De Silva and Mabury 2006). Iinn wJhaniucahrtyh2e0e0i6g,htthmeajadomricnoismtpraantioerosfwthhoe rEePmAaiinnietdiaitnetdhtehePFPOFAOAinSdtuestwrayrd(sihnicpluPdrionggr3aMm,, ptrhordouucgth ciosntseubnstiodfiaPrFyODAynaenodn)recloamtemditctheemdivcoallusntoanrialgyltoobarledbuacseisfabcyil9it5ypeemricsesnitonnsoalnatder t`chhaenmi2c0a1l0s,baynd20t1o5wo(rEkPAto2w0a0r6)d.el3iminM ating/emhiasD ssailorny csaadnydn meprtotc dhuect2o 0co1n0tgenonatol.ftThheesree.are. s`tciolnldsucotmoer,cmoemtmaelrcpliaatlinugs,easondfaPvFiaOtSionininsdpuesctirailetsy).prToodutchtesk(pnroiwmlaerdilgyeionftMheDsHe,mit.here is icumrproerntteldy nfoorccoommmmeerrcciiaallparpopdluiccattiioonnosfaPnFdBfAor uisnethien Uan.aSl.ytbiucatlsloamboeraPtForBieAs,isIrneiptosrtedly uresfeodramuclhaetmeidststrayibnarseepedlolenntthaenfdooutrhcearrcboomnmseurlcfioanilcparcoidducPtFsBsSu,cihnassteSacdootftchhgearidgTMh,t 3caMrbon PFOS (Brezinski 2003) ``TEhnevciarrboonn-mleunoFtraiatnlee bond i a high-energy bond, oneofth strongest known among `tohregmaniecxtmroelemceullyesre.siAstsantrteosunlatt,utrhael cbhreemaikcdaolwnst,raucntdurtehseoyfatrheepePrFsCisstednetscornicbeedrealbeoasveedmtaoke stuhrefeacntvainrtonsmeannt.acTrhoeinrymstfrourct`usruerfaalcseoamctaikveesatghenetm-exacemlolleenctusluerftahcatalntosw.erTshesuwrfoarcde tension `ihnyadrloipqhuiildi.cS(u`rwfaatcetra-nltovmionlge'c)ucloemspcoonnetnatin,bmoatkhianghytdhreomphsoebmiic-s(o`lwuabtleer-ihnabtointgh'o)ragnadnic and athqeuehoyudrsospohlovebnitcs.coSumrpfoancetannttssatricektshteo gacrteiavseeianngdreddiiretnwthsiilnestohaepshyadnrdopdheitleircgesnetcst,iownhsetriecks tporwopaetretri,ehseclapninaglstoobreemuosvededtio tessfernotmisalkliynhaenldphmaaikreanmdastteariinaslfrreosimsftaabnrtitco. wTahteesreasnadme. `sPtraoipnesr,toienseoofftPhFeCsprtihmaatrwyomualrdkemtaskfeotrhtehemsepoctheenmtiicaalllsy.usIenffuolrimnatiindounstorniatlhaeppphlyisciactailons was 2 p48 pDuibeslsilsihne1d9b5y1;3RMeisdcieetnatli.st19i5n5t)e.chnical journals as far back as the carly 1950s (Kauck and ii eOSxtnproetnchgteetbdeanstdioseoenfvcaiyptostroaprtheyemsfairciaonlmipnwrawotpaeetrretri(edOsu,EeCPtDOit2S0s02si)so.leusbIsinelniottiiyla(l-tlwyyaptnieocnra-lmvloiylxa8ttu0irl%ees,r,eaPmnaFdiOnwSsouhilnadswaantoetrbe: `ianndw2at0e%riatnesoqiu)i.liPbrFiOuSm d(o3eMsn20o0t3e2a)s.ilyadsorbtosediments,andisexpectedtobe mobile wvPaaFtpeOorrA,piirsnessalsqiuugrheetol(uysEmPsooArleu2t0vi0o2ol)na.tPiFPleFOtOAhAamnasPayFtOsloSao,srealvlyetrhcyooluslgoehlcutitbalateltsahonehdaaicsroawmapvtleeerrtyeillnyotewdrivfsoaalcsaestoialcniidtayteanidn hpVaiarrgtihiotmuiosobnPiblFeittCyweiiennnsseotdhmieemmesn(ot3ls,MtHy2pi0eg0sg3i5(n)E.sPaIAnnd2p0u0Lb2ul)ti.hsyhIen(da2s0st0t6uu)ddiyfeosoufantndhdterheesptoortrpthtsei,ocPnarFpboOtoeAnnichihaaaslinsfholroenwgntha s`hweaodduilamdemnoatcjcoturhra,enfafpneedcrtftolhuantorspooercrpaftrlibuooonxryoplsoauttlefnetosin(aail.te.--stP(hFi.eOc.Alo)Pn.FgOeOrSt)htheterecnehdnaevidinrtotonhbemiemnnodtramleocrloieknedrlieytaidaiodlnsysorttpohtaiton cS`cooaiulllcsdiiuamf.lfieOkctethlyaedrtsosotbrupedtivieeosrnyhiasnvicmeliulsdaherooworngtahgnaeitnceocrbaaslrelbryovnseidcmoiinlntasernertdeoisumflettnhst,esas(nePddriaemdvesenodtro,putprioHos,ncabtenhadla.dv2ii0sos0ro6l)ivn.ed f"eAoigurhnetvdicsaeirwmobifolntasrh)reehsabuidlotsa,cgcriuenamttuhelarattpPioFtoenOnStpioatalenndttoilaaolcncgouefrmaucvlhaaartiienetipynoerlffilvPuinoFgrCooscragbraybnoiCxsoymnlsad.teerse(tgralea(t2e0r0t8h)an ToPhfFeuBovAraipisnoarvteperrydesscsooulmruepbloaeunndindwswaaatrteeerri,snoalnfudabcitaluipstpyeeoadfrssPtFotBrtAarcaevarersleiensaisgmirilolyuawrnidttwohaPtgFerroOuAfnldow(waKtwsetaru.ndi2Ae0s0n1d)uu.mebteor hb(eFyliurHriyegangvniidnrsoWnaamniednL2t0ua0tl3hp;yeSr(sh2ia0sp0ti6er)no,c,ew2ha0in0cd8h)n.eugTnlfhioegritsbutlnueadtayeodlsfyosrdepitddiinomonettnoitnscaolidulsdoaernpPdtFiaoBqnAuoi,ffsenreolnmeeactttheeerlidaelPsssFCs eSunpvpiorrotnsmtehnetnboetciaounstehaittiPsF8BpAerfmlauyorboecaervbeonxymloatreewmiotbhilaeshtohretncParFbOoAn cohfaPinFOleSngitnhthe "EsTvuharelfuaicsnetfioworanmtaeotrfiosInammpopablclitansigno,enadnGfdrroosumanmdipnwlvaietnsegtoirgfaptriiovnaatned, mruenmiecdiipaalla,cteinvditnieosna-tctohmemdiusiptoysawlesliltses, h"aPsFbCeceonntuasmeidnattoieovnailnuastoeutthheWamasghniintgutdoen, Ceoxutenntty,.anTdhepohsisgihbelsetmciognrcaetnitornathiisotnosroyoffPtFhBeA uaPnraderekdrelttioeectstheetdhMesiwsoesusitsthoseirfpntphieedRgisevioetref.tanhPdeFasBpitpAeeaahnradstboterfeeonnlddlseotwseotuchttehebdtuhririnoeaudlgbhfeoCduorrtootcfakgtvehaeGllmreaoyjvoethraRdtarviinknieng, w`WdaiotdceeurlmyaueqnsuteiefdderiisnnittnhhietshPearriaenaiv)s.eesTtdihugeaCethixiotneennartaenao,dfcioJontrthdaamtnhienaaqmutoiisfotenrwsii(ndtethsheepsreSet.aardePecatolensrto(atamhniednaaoqtvuieiofrnelrysinmgost `Quaternary sands and gravels) is poorly understood, duc to the few number of wells 2 pds | { present in those aquifers. Contamination inthe Franconiai generally low in i ` Frcao nicnntooacnc nodnitaepaapcetawnristthttohbeerlJoocaradlaintz(eFdinigeuarro e4m)a,jnaolrlobweidnrgoPckFfCausltisntthhaetJhaovebrtrodomuiaggrthanhttee i{ into the Franconia. i Asnmoakree).aof"Tcyopnitcaamli"ncaotnetdagmrionuanndtwaptleurmiessohfatveentrheiferrhriegdhteosatscoa "nplcumee"n(tnrciaaarpttlkhuiemsoeoeounrfcse: |{ ianresah,adpeecrweasietihnteacxohnicseonfttrahteiopnluwmiethadliisgtnaendcerforuoghmltyhawtitshtheodiruaencdtriaorncergoreuogunh,dlwyactleirptiiscal i i Ffloiwigng.u8raInnedc9osn)t.raWsht,iltheecoPnFceBnAtrpaltuiomnesainrtehheiignhvneestairgtathieosnoeurrecaeaisreqau,ittehceroemaprleesxca(tsteeered ``ppaaritchtehsisoafhipghperetcoaobnecrednutsreattiootnhsetihat ndon'ftoaflpbpeeuadrrotecokcosntnrnueccctturbeeasc,kstuochtahsebsuoruriceedavraelal.eyIsn. ``asnoduftauhlwtasr.d IfrnobmotthheFi3gMu-rWeosodabnudr9y,DiaszpoonseaolfShiitgehaenrdaPpFpBeAarcsotncoenftorlaltoiwotnhsetcreondusorfsthee. i bboerddreorcokfvCaoltletyaginethGartoavree,a.St.SPiamuillaPralyr,k,apaantdcNheowfphoirgth(ershPoFwBnAincyoenlcleonwt,rajtuisotnssnouetahretashteof itnhethianttearrseeact(isoencoFfigHuwrey86)1. aAnnd aIr-4mo94f)tahpapteavarlslteoy follow the appears to outlineofthe bedrock trend back toward the valley site, `PbFutBaAn acobnsceenncteroaftwioenlslsbaicnkthtiostahresaitl.imits our ability to definitely trace the zone ofhigher tAhneotJhoerrdaunnauqsuuiaflerarneeaarwitthheiSnt.thCerpoilxumReiviesrthien steheemsionugthleyaisstoelrantepdoratrieoanooffPthFeBiAnvpersetsiegnattiionn thareetao(pFoigfutrhee9J)o.rdHaonwceavsetr,oftthhissafraaulitsedbzoounnediesdobvyera s2e0r0iesfooftmlaojwoerr ibnecdlreovcaktifoanutlhsaanntdhe 10fauolftetdh2e0nJeoridsaenstsoentthiealwleyastotfhtehseamzoenee.levTahtieonJoarsdtahnoe nFtrahneccoansita saiqdueiofferthoinshtheeavwielsyt side A`scosncehntraoitinoFnwisgsuinrmiela1r0,toPtFhBoAseisfporuensdenintithnetJhoerFdraannecaosntioafwtehsetfoafultth.efIanuolttheedrzwoonrdesa,ndthaet `'nPeFarBtAhpelruavmienea,ppteraavresltiongbtehmriogurgahttihneg FfrraonmcotnhieaJoarsdtahneignrtooutnhdewFartaenrcomnoivaesacorostsheacfaasutl-t `Rsiovuetrh,eaasst,ilalnudsttrhateeadcirnosFsiegsuraeno4ther fault and back nto the Jordan near the St. Croix `'OPsFkBdAalies (aFlisgoumroev1i),ngfusrotuhetrhcformopmlitchaettinwgoo3uMr uwnadsetrestdainspdoisnaglofsttheeiPnFLBakAediEsltrmiobuatinodn. Tt issoultihkeelaystthfartotmhethPeFWBaAshdientgetcotendCionuenatsyt WLaonodfdibllu.rySiamnidlawrelsyt, tAhfetoPnFaBcAtuadleltyechtaesdmiingsroauttehd `MOaapkldaelweoDoidspaonsdalnosirtte.heEmlsWeowohderbeurinytlhiekeilnyvemsitgirgaatteiodnsaoruetah,-istoiustdhiwfefisctulftr0omdtehtee3rmMi-ne how `much,ifany,ofthe PFBA detected has been contributed from these two northern sites. "aTthterriebuateed atlosboeadrreoacskwsittrhucutnuurseusaolrPmiFgBrAatdiiosntfrriobumttihonepantotretrhnesrnthdai,spaotsaplressiteens., cTahnneomtobset strikingofthee is the "finger"ofelevated PFBA in the Prairie du Chien aquifer 2 p.50 eiFxdoetlneltnoidwfiitnehdgeinsnoartmtheihsonfoptorrththeieoa3nosMtf-stWohouetohdiwbnevuserstyttirgDeaintsdipooonsftaahlrceaS.iftaeOu(lntFesigipunorsteshie8b).airletAayl,tinshootuhfgaauhlstietvhaeaprspalbeaelreasnrgteo chdairpgaahwciivntogylsuwomemlelessoocffiwttahyteeacrnodbnetiirarnmigignaratietoimnoonwveielstb)iysltohdcieartgeecrdtoinuoonnr.dtwhaPotufemtrhpciaseps"ttfusirneagtesrtyh"setosefimtPewFsoBuuAglg,demsptareytvhbeenet t`rhweiemslnlfarnaoftmfoeoccftaciunprglrtiuhnmigse,ptaohnrttdiwwoanaotsefertshlteeavbeslltiesm.heeadIstbuherafesomrbeeenettnhsesdpuougmgnepos-ttoeiundtditsciyasstte"efiminbnfgeleugrea"nncmeaobpyeyrbaoetfifaosni.te `pHeuosmwtpeab-vloeiursht,edsthybesetfhoeirmgehbgecragopaauncniodtpwyeartwaeetlriloesnxntiornatcththoieofenatrbhleeygas1in9t7ea0wset.hreIftscihotin,sstt"rhfueicmntgeeedcrh"aafonefirPs1mF9B9pe0Aramwniatdsttihneg the 'PFBA to migrate againsth regional groundwater flow is unknown. A`ilwnetprhreivduaegttheecPwteeBdllAatiitsnhsetehvdeeirsmapolossiatslowliiatdteeeldaynadrdeetathseoectf3eCdMoPtCtEoaCtgteiangGeWraGosrvhoeivn(egFitfagocunirleiCtoy1u,3)n.atnydT,hameruelltaailrpsgloeesftPoaFurnCeds is 'nloePciFagHthXebAdo)rshohouatovhdesa,bnewdehnweerdseettonecfotHnei-dgPihFnwBsaAoymPeE61Cp,rsipv(raiPtmFeaOrwAiel,llysPi,RngOteShne,erLPaaFlnlHgyXdSao,nlPoaFwnBdcSoR,nicvPeeEnrtPrCAaActr,ieaosnnsd(see tHaibglehwbaelyo6w1), tAhletrhoaureghfeFwigwuerlels13besthwoewesntthhreeseedaisrteianct50ariteaiss nwoitthpomsulitbilpeletoPdFeCtsersmoiunteh of ``wmhPaeFitHnhxeCAorthtiahavegyeebaGrereeonhvyedderitateuclytiwecadellilnyfscieeovlnedn,reawlchtoeefrtdehoetrrsaweceeplallrseav(teTelaspblolufemP4e,FsH.AIpXTpShe,enPdsFieBxcSo2,n).dPFaArPeetarAa,sceatnhleedvel hoafsPnFoHtXbAee(n0c.o06nfpiprbm)edh.as also been detected in one well near Tower Road, but his result Maximum Concentrationsofnon-PFBA PFCs in Langdon/River Acres Area [pros[ pros| [1 "All ca oncenT trationo s io kg/L| [[oPiFsA[ | PFBo S | |PoRn EiSsS| ] `TnunhduetsophareeltsbewenoccaaeoruesfaesmdnuoletniesoplfcetrPhoF(isCFebi,gceuootrdmhepeor1u3t)nh.daWsnhPaiFlrBedAettheaeansctdteuPdaFilPnsewoAeu,lrlicsnebiteshtews2eeyetenwtothuaenrkdeinassopwionss,alitsiiste PAGcortsiosvviibetleFesi.hreaStDoetmhpeeamrsutplemcieipnalleoirzPiegdFintCaylpldeyesotrefecptfoeirdrtiee-dfittgohhtetihsnegaMrfePoaaCsmAmsactyohanbtteaitienulsaPetFdeCsds.mtaolfTilhreaemfCoioguthnttiiansggeo.f `2hS0eu0c8yh).dfooaHnomowtieunvtsehret,irhtethmaeifdnoeirpnragaraitcnmtieivnnigttipleuastr,eprwohssetisact.heAdoscthcaautrraensluetlahtr,outhgheeh mtshaoeuiyrncucesoietfyPtwFheCel-lbmefuialetrliidpnl(geDefPloiFaaCm,ss,in chfhoeeaammrisccawaeolrietfnhutshcceidatrtyocwaeesxlstloiufnigteuhliodsfrheHamiamgiahnjsworaunyicne6dru1tsatairnpi.paelaTfrhisreetopibomesmsseitdbrlioeangtielnryk. stooIunftih2ro0e-0ff2Hi,gihPtgiFhnCgw-.abeya6r1ing and the foams reportedly discharged to surface wate infiltration pond immediately 2 p51 i sncoiugthhbwoershtooofdt.heThLeanMgPdoCnAneisigcuhrbroernhtoloydinavnedstuipggartaidnigewnhtaotf,tihfaenRyi,verrolAecfrierse-fighting i 1 foamsmayhaveplayedincreatingtheanomalous PFC signaturein this area i| th`Oena-fgfoeicntgemddorniitnokriinnggwaoftperriavqautiefewresllascrcoosnstitnhueeisnvteosttirgaactkiPonFCarccoanocveentrrattiimoen.sAisnweiatchh otfhe i | igneiotilaolgsyaimspcloimnpgleefxfo,rta,ndm/oorretwheelPlFsCarceosnacemnptlreadtiionnasrpeaatsiawlittrhehnidgshaerrePuFnpCreldeivcetlasb,lwe.herIen the { `waerlelass"wehleercetceondcteontprraotviiodnesreaprreelseonwteartiavnedrtehseuldtissftroirbeuaticohnofptahtteemaqsuiafreerpsreidniucisaeblien,th"astenatrrcya a`snadmptloiancgot fasadadnictairolnyalwawrelmlisngin"stehnetarrye"a.foThaenysaumnpulsiunagl rsecshueldtusleth,atbomtihghitn twearrmrsanotf thfreePquFeCncpylaunmdeniunmtbheerafoffewcetledl,coismamdujnusitteidieassbmeotrteerduantdaeristcoooldlc.cted and the behavior of ``aSnadmpalpipnegaorfttohiendmiocnaitetotrhiatngPwFeClslsaraet tnhoetdmiisgproastailngsiotfefa-lsistoe,insdicaarteessulttabolfte hcoencgernoturnadtwiaontser `cdaopwtnugrreasdyisetnetmmoinniotpoerriantgiownelthlesres.creHeonweedvearcr,oasss tnhoete"dhiagbhovter,antshmeiasbssievnitcyeozofne" in the Pnreatiwroierkdu Chien, may represent an important gap in the integrity ofthe monitoring ``TThhiesmiosnciotnosriistnegnrtewsuiltthsfiinnddiicnagtse iPnFLCakceonEcelnmtoraatniodnOsaikndaallloef(tMheDHaqu2i0f0e8r4s)araendqusiutgegsetsatblse. t`hhaatvetrheeascihzee,dsahasptaet,eaonfedqcuoinlciebnrtirautmi(oin.es. oafrtehneotPFchCanpgliunmg)e.s iBnatsheedinodnivoiudruaulndaeqrusitfearnsdimnagy okfatohwenwtaoyexPiFstCsinmtoheveinivnestthiegagtrioounnadrweaat,etr iesnlviikreloynmtehentPaEnCdstfhreohmigthhefdlioswpovseallocsiittiecs d`miisgproasteedd arndawphatthirsopurgehsetnhte tafofdeacyteadrecoremmmnuannittsioefscroenltataimvielnyanstosonslaoftwelrytwhaeswhaisntgesowueorfe th"seeacqounidfaerrys.flTohwi"sosrl"omwawtarisxhidnifgfouusitoonf",coanntdaomcicnuarnstsbeicsasuosmeetthiemreesarreefmearrjeodrt(oica.s larger, f1a4)s.terT)hfelmoawjpoartihtsyaonfdthmeincoornt(aim.insamnatlslefrl,oswloqwueirc)kllytorwopuagthhsthwiethmianjotrheflaoqwuipfaetrh(sFiignuraen. imnoitvieald"ipnutloset"h,ermaipniolryfelsotwabplaitshhsinsgltohwelycornetlaeamsienaonvterpltiummee,atwhmiolreecdoinltuatemicnoannctesnttrhaattihonasve `Imathyihsaivsewhbaetenhahpigpheenredthianntwhheaitnviessctuirgraetnitolnyabreeai,ngeadreltieecrtecdo.nceHnotwraetvieorn,s tinitshiemapqousisfiebrlse to ``ccaolnccuelnattreahtoiownshmigahythhaovsee claosntceedn.trations mighthavebeen or how longthe higher "`TghreoupnedrwsaitseternicneoWfasPhFiCnsgtionntCheouenntvyirwoinlmlednitscmheaarngse ttohatthuelMtiismsaitsesliypptiheaPnFdCSst. iCnrtohiex fRilvoewrsi.n tHhoewreivveerrs,witlhle lliokwelcyodnicleunttertahtiisodnissicnhatrhgeegtroouenxdtwraemteelryalnodwtchoenlcaerngteravtoiolnusm.e of Samplesof water from the Mississippi River were collected as partofthe investigation of 3 b.52 { th`Wehwilaesteleevdaitsepdoscaolncaenrtrcaataitohsneso3fMCPoFtCtsawgeereGdreotveectPeldantin(sMamDpHle2s0n0e5a;raWnesdtoimnm2e0d0i8at)ely 1 | th`deopwlnasnitr.eaLmoofwtlheeplvaontf,ePnFolOPSFs(C0s.2w8e9re-d1e.f3e4cptpebd)iwnewraetdeertseacmtpeldeisncsoeldleicmteendtupssatmrpelaems of ii cpcoollnlutemrceitsbeuditnuespdossutitrghneiaWfmiocafanstthleyhtpolitahnnCeto.guPnFPttFOyOoSaSnrdndepietrietssuienenniktecahlevysetterhdyiamemidendinostrcchsaoarmmpgpleoeosnf.enhtosoeftphleumPeFsC 1 || ExPpFCosscuarneatfhfreocugthh PurimvaatoenWnesyllisthechemicalsmovefromtheenvironamndecnomte into ii ccoonnttaacmtinwaintths)ofrraocmcutmhuelaetnevii raopnemresnoni'ntso baodpye.rsTohn'esbmoovdeymisenctaollfedPFanCsex(poorsoutrheerpathway. i A(2n) econnvtiarmoinnmaennttatlraenxsppoosrutrtehrpoautghhwaayn ceonnvtiarionnsmefnitvealparmtast:er(1i)aa(.sco.u,rscoeiol,faic,onwtaatmeirn,atoiron, `fpooopdu)l,at(i3o)n. pAoninetxopfoseuxrpeospuarteh,w(a4y) aiscroountseidoferheudmcaonmpelxepdoesiufree,viadnedn(c5e)caisretcsepthtaotral ive of tMhoesre esliemmpelnytsstaartee,dhaanveexbpeoesnu,reorpwaitlhwbaeypirsecsoennstiidnearecdocmommupnliettye owrheangipveeonplseitauarteiolni.kely 1p0atbheweaxyipofsaetdlteoasttheoncchoefmtichaeloelfecmoennctseni.mAispsiantghwbauty ciosuclodnsbiedefroeudndapaottesnotmiealpeoxinpto.sAurne incomplete pathway is when at least one element is missing and will never be present. A`cocnotamipnlientgewdasentveisrionndmiesnptoaslalexspiotssuirneWpaasthhiwnagytotonPCEoCusntfyreoxmistthsepdriismpaorsiallyoffrPoFmCcwohnesruemPiFngOSPFhaCscboenetnamdientaetcteeddwiantefrshTphoepucloantsiuomnpstailosno orfefpirseshenftrsoam cloocmapllleatkeedseoxrporsivuerres. pPaFtCh-wcaoyn,taailntihnogugwhasttheessource ofthe PFOS may not bein all cases from land disposal of ``SWaomopdlbeusryh,avCeotbteaegnecGorlolevcet,edanfdroomthoevrecro9m0m0npiritveasteiwnelslosutahnWda5s6hibnugsitnoenssCowuenlltsyi(nsouth of 1p-r9i4v)a.teP,FsCousthhaovfeIb-e9e4nhadevteebcteeednifno7u4n5d ptroicvoantteaainndPbFuBsiAneastscwoenlclesn.trNaotiwoenlslsa,bopuvbeltihceor Health Based Value (HBV) of 7.0 pb for PFBA. Artsehceoesfievpeardtievaa2dt0er0iw9ne,klil2ns9ghpwaravitveeartPewFewOlellAlaatdovwcionsneocrresyntifrnraCotomitoMtnasDgaeHbGordvuoeevtethoeatnHhdeRGLprroeefyseC0n.lc3oeupodpfbI;PsFloCansne.dahlNasdio.nheaosf PPFFCOsSeaxtcceoendceantHraaztairodnsIanbdoevxevatlheueHoRfoLnoefba0s.3epdpbo.nImnul1t2iopfltehPeFsCes.wells, concentrations of Aicotnntkcheienntogrtahwteiarotnseretvrweeennldlwsealadlnvsid,solpreoivteeelnsstiroaelfmacPihFnaCnsigneaesrfefienbcettlhdeouwPeFctuCorrupenlncatermhteeasailnttthhiaetasdcovoivuselordrlyroeslnueglv-tetlefsrrbmoumt stihtee: remediation activites. All ofthese wells are located in neighborhoods south ofU.S. 2 p53 Hwieglhlswaways61s,cailnetdhbeyarteheaoMfPaCnAo,maaltotuhesPowFnCedre'tsecetqiuoenss.,asdiscussed above. Oneofthe ii `Wrheereddtriounakciccnegpetwaabtdleerlweevlellasbdyvtihseoprsrhaovevbieoesfnbioisiosluenedd wbaytMerDaHn,d/eoxrpoGsAuCresfilhtaevrsebbyeetnhe |i pMaPsCtAe.xpoItsi uarlestooPpFosCssibilnetdhraintktihneguwsaetoerf.oDwunreirn-gintshaelcloeudrsfeiolefrtshyestienvmesstmiagaytihoanv,eitrwedousced i `fwoeullndadtvhiastoarynudmubcetro oPfpFrCisvahtaed pwerlelvioowunsleyrsinwsthaollseudbrseevqeuresnetolsymroesciesivweadteardrfiilntkerisngtowater irfemmaoivnetaniintreadtep,r@opcerolmy,moarnegarlosuonvdewrayteefrfeccotnitvaemaitnraenmtoivnitnhgeParFeCs.s Raecvceorrdsienogsomoasisstufidlyters, `c3oPnedsoufctpeodinbty-oMfD-uHseicna2r0b0o8n(fiMltDerHs a2r0e0e8f)fe.ctTihveeaMDreHmosvtiundgyPalFsoCdforcoummednrtienkdiwnghiwcather. UCostitnaggaedGsroropvteiopnlafna,cttohres dpreevdeilcotpeeddbbryea3ktMhrfoouraghstiimmielafrorGeAaCchsfyislteermcainnsbtaellceadlcautltahteeidr MbaDseHd oanndthMePinCfAlusetnatfcfounsceenatrtartaicokninagnsdyasntasetsmoummeodniwtaotrewr usaeuastteeoaetfe3ar0c0hghaollmoen,sapnedr dy. thhaeveficltoelrlseacrteedprmeudlitcitpelde tsoamlapsltefsortyoemaornsitinorsosymsetceamspeesrbfeofromraencmea.intAetnaavnecreagisenweaetdeerd.useT,he `IcMonPsCeArvahtaisvdeetscehremdiunleedtihnaotrtdehretfoileenrssurweiltlbheeycohpaenragteedeaffceccotridvielnyg.to apredictable, ``uThneknlowne. onAfstgidimsetcluoschsaeld arebsoivdee,ntesxwpoesruereesxpcoosuelddthoavPeFCsstatrtherdosugohonthaefitrerdrPiFnCkisngwawsatteesris `wpeorsseibplleactheadtitnhtehleevdeilsspoisnatlhietgsr,ougnidvweanttehrewmeorbeilhiitgyohefr PthFaCnscuirnrtehnetleynvdeifreocntmeedn,talItthiosuaglhso Litoinsgitmhpoossesihbilgehetrocdoentceernmtirnaetiwohnastmtahye hcoanvceenlatsrtaetd.ionCsomntaiynuheadverobueteinneinmothnitpoarsitnogrohfow isfelleecvtelpsroivfatPeEwCesllissew,itfhutluerveelesxopfosPuFrCesobleelvoewlsHaRbLovSeohretahlethP-FbaBsAedHeBxpVoswuirlel elinmsiutrsewtihlalt be brief. ``ETxhpeocsoumremtuhnriotuyghwPeublliinlctWhsataefrfSeuctpepdlaireesa were sampled for PFCs by MDH on amonthly `bmaosniistotrhirnoguaghe20r0e7p,oratnedd taortchneoiwtysasmtapflf.edWhoinlaeqnuoatrtreerqluyirbeadsius,ndaenrdthtehfeerdeesurlatls Soaffe `DCroinnfkiidnegncWeaRteeproArctt",tsootmheeirciwtaiteserrceupsotrtomPeFrCs.reMsuDltHs iwniltlhicronatninnuuaelt"oCmoonnsiutomrerthe wells, boubtsetrovdeadteinvPerFyCliltetveelcshianngthee(cotohmemrutnhiatnypewrehlla,psa slight declining trend) has been bNaoseidndeixvpiodusaulrecolimmmiutsniftoryPwFeClsl,s einxctehpetaiffnetchteedCiatryeoafhOaavkedaelxec.eeTdheidsciusrrdeenstcrMibDedHihneaalth previous MDH report (DH 2008s). 2 p54 ExTphoesusueroefthwraotuegrhocotnhtearmPiantahtewdawyisth low levels of PFC forbathing, showering,or ther incidentalusesis unlikelytocontribute appreciablytooverall exposure. Ingestionofthe i i| `rcceoopnnottraatmmeiidnnbaaytteeEddmwwmaaettteerrt fiesotrbalyc. a(fn2anr0i0tnh6ge4op)rraecndodoomkHiinnagonptuleretpxaozplso(es2esu0rm0e8ra)py.ataIhlrwsroaiygc.aotniUlosrneboufoptflePatFnoCtCsxpwOiStuhIPe,FC85 i | occcocoannsttiarominiabnlualttyiensdoghwoaotvweerrlaomllwaeylxppeoossusvoriebfe.lPySlEloCe-sac.datlIlnesadso"tmmueadruykpcettaokbeaosnkfedtP"FiuCsnstcutbhdytiUtnhoeefiftpodleoadndtKsip,rnaoglddsuoocmt,s i t'hPeFOsSugwaarssafnodunpdreastelcvoewscfoonocdengtrroautpiso,nswihniploetaPtFoeOsA, wsaosmedectaencnteeddovnelgyelianblpeost,ateogegss,(aUnKd in Fisoho,ddSatrayndparroddsucAtgs,enacnyd2m0e0a6t),. wAhisliemiPlFarOsAtuwdaysinonSlpyaidnetfeocutenddilnomwillekve(lEsriocfsPonFOeStalin 2i0n0s8)o.meA froeocdenptrosdtuucdtyso,fifnoclouddiintgembseeifn,Cfaisnha,daandalmsiocfroouwnadvleopwoplecvoerlns (oTfiPtFleOmSiearndlP.FOA 2007). Ts less likely that PFBA would be take up by plants, but data are not available. T`heenesprecpiofpiuclsaotuirocnesaorefuenxclpeoasru,rbeuttocPoFuOldS,inPcFluOdAe,Coannsduomtehrerppreordufcltuso,roecnhveimriocnamlesnitnalthe `PeFxpOosAurheasv,eo beoetnhedreotceccutpeadtiinonsalaexpmoospfurhelosu(seBchuostledndhuosftetfcoall.le2c0t0e6d).frBoomthvaPcFuOuSm calnedaner (bSatgrsynianrJaapnadnL(iMnodrsitwraokmi20e0t8a)l., 2i0n0d3i)ca,tCinagnathdeai(nKdouobrweanbvoiretoanl.me2n0t05is),onaendpottheentUi.aSl. source o`fWeixnpniopseugr,e.CaLnoawdap(ptLoleevweelsnoeft aPl.FO20S05h),ave also been detected in rainwater collected in `PSFmaOllAa(mooruontthseroPfFuCnsboduenpdenfdliunogrootneltohmeeirr sapleccoihfoilcsctohmaptocsaitniborne;akaldsoowrenfetrorPedFtOoSasorPFC Rpreelceuarsseoorfs)thealovmeearlsaolcboehoelns,foaunnddsiunbcsoenquseunmterdeagnrdadiantdiuostnriianlthperoednuvcitrsoJnomyencteoertabl.y 2006). oersgtainmiatsemds,thcaot,ulfdorasloombeei2ndsivioduauolsf,rhPucFmCaenpreecxuprossourr-ebatsoePdFeCxs.posOunree rceocuelndtcsotnutdryibute up. 10/60-80% of total PFOS and 28-55% oftotal PFOA exposure (Vestergren etal 2008). Public Health Implications of PEC Exposure a"Tnhiimsaslesctainodnhwiulmlabnrsi,efalnydsusmummamrairziezecutrhreenptubilnifcohremaalttihonimopnlitcahtitooxnisociftyeoxfpPoFsuCrse t(o0 PFCs through drinking wate in affected communities in southWashingtonCounty, Minnesota. `oifNooxrttepp:ubrpAlioTc.SfrDeaiRvtlideprsuw.bc/aldni1dsghpcoeo2dvma0mde0rna.fttni"nmToMlxai#ycobl2o0og0io9cka(lamvPaariolrfaiblklee0faot4r )Pe.rfluTohroeaTlokxyilcCoolmogpiocuanlds" Profile eviews muchofthe information below, a does a report by Lau et al (2007). FY p55 `MSuDmHmhaarsyoprfeTvoixoiucsollyogsiucmamlaIrnfiozremdatthieonavailable toxicological information on PFOSand ii PFOA in ts Health Consultation on the 3M-Cottage Grove Facility (MDH 2005), and i mEolrmeoarnecdenOtalkydianltehepuPbulbilsihceHdeianltAhugAussstes2s0m0e8n(trMegDaHrd2i0n0g8aP).FCThciosntsaemctiinoantiwoinlionnLlayke. i | btroixeifcliytsyoumfmPaFrBiAz.ethatinformationand will also describe available informationonthe || PcoFnOtaSctis(wOeEllCaDb2s0o0r2b)e.d Horaallfl.yl,ivbeustoifs nPoFtOaSbshoarvbeedbeweenllestthirmoautgehdianthaolvaetrio1n0o0rddaeyrsmianlrats in ii a single-dose study, and 200 days in a sub-chronic dosing study in cynomolgus monkeys (eaOsiElCyDab2s0o0r2b).edtAhnriomuaglhsitnugdeisetsiohna,veinshhaloawtniotnh,aatnPdFdeOrAmaalndcoAnPtaFcOt ((iEtPs Aam2m0o02n;iKuemnsnaeltd)yare i{ P19F8O5A;Kiennanneidmaylcstraal.ng1e9s8f6r;oKmufdoouarnhoduKraswiansfhemiamla r2ats0anTd0hnei3ensetdi)amyast.eidnhmaalflleirfaetostfo 20 { "dTahyesmienamnalbelocoydnosmeorlugmuhsalmfolinfkeeoyfsP(FKOudAoiannhduKmaawnasswhaismeas2t0im0a3t;eBduttoebneh3o.8fcftyeaal.rs2i0n0a4). `published study of26 retired 3M workers, and the mean serumhal lifeof POS was resteimpateoadsra8t.5t54yeeayerdasr.sT(hOilssienndiectaat.es2t0h0a72t)s.omTheePmFCeaanrseerretuamihnaeldfilinfteohefhPuFmHaXnSbohdasyfboerena `much longer period than in mice, rats, or monkeys,andthat carbon chain lengthisnot neexccersestaerdiliyn dtihreeucrtilynerealnadtfeedcteoshaaltfd-liifffeeriennhturmataenss.inPvFarCisouasretensottamneitmaabloslpiezceide,saannddare humans. Exposure to high levelsof PFOA, PFOS, and PFBA is acutely toxic intestanimals (Kudo and Kawashima 2003; OECD 2002; Takagi et al. 1991). Chronic or sub-chronic exposure to lowerdosesof PFOA in rats typically results in reductions in body weight alinpdidwmeeitgahbtoglaiins,m a(nKdudino lainvedr Keaffweactsshsiumcah2a0s03a)n.iIncmrmeuasneeisnylsitveermweefifgchttsahnadvealatlesroabteieoninns r10epboerttehdeipnrmimiacreyetxaprogestedortgoahniogfhPdFosOeAs otfoxPiFciOtAy in(DreaWsi,tatltchtoaulg2h00ef8f)e.ctTshoenitvheerkaipdpneeayrss, pancreas, estes, and ovaries have also been observed (EPA 2002). Exposure to PFOA (praonldifoetrahteironP.FTCh)isinphretnsormeesnuosniins copnhseindeormeedntoonbienltihmeitlievdetrokrnaotswannedsspiemriolxairstoemste. arantismaslusc,haansdainsnionctreoabsseerivneldivienr pwreiimgahttesa.reSionmpearotftahtteraidbvuteerdseto lpievreroxeiffseocmtes porbosleirfevreadtiionn. Adverse liver effects in primates ar likely the resultof a different mode ofaction. `sCthereopndiocseex-proessuproensteocPuFrOveSfoatrmhoirgthadloisteysinreatssusanidn lpirviemrattoexsic(itOyEaCnDd m2o0r0t2a)l.itIyn,diwciatthioans of atodxviecristey olibvseerrevfefedctisn,9g0a-sdtaroyirntaessttiundaileesffiencctlsu,deblionocdreaabsneosrmianlliitvieerse,nwzeyimgehst laonsds,other `mciocnevualtsiroenlsa,tiavneldydleaotwh.doIsmemsu(nPoetdoxeinc-iAtdyahmasseatlasl.o been reported 2008). in studies conducted in 2 p56 | ii `2t0Su0om2mo)er.slToohnfget-htmeerlcmihaveansni,impsaamnlcsortfepuaodsti,eenastnsiduaglegsectsaetrstcih(naKotugedexnopeosasinsudriKesatuwoncalPseFhariO,mAbacuo2tu0c0lv3di,idneEcnPrceAeass2eu0tg0hg2ee,srOtissEtkChoaDft ii { (`tgmheeendotituaotmxeoidrcsimtayer)e.cTthhheaernetsuiumlastonormdfsnstooub)tmseofrrrvopermdodimniorateicitsondmaa(mvyiaabgeoexaiteotdsahtuielvtegesontferpetseiscr,omcxaetilelsrdoiemaaelthwp,irotolhriifnherocaertlimloson,ne ii | andmaynotbeofrelevanceinhumans (Kennedyctal. 2004). | dVLeaoarwtihdosoussaenrsdeopotrfohPdeuFrcdOteSivveaelnsodtpuAmdeiPenFstoOafl(reaEftPfeAcft2os0li0ln2oo,wfefOdsEpfroCriDntgw2oo0f0g2fe)e.nmeTraahlteeisroeantsssusedhioxcwsedpdepmtoooosnrtsenstlaarttaaelitveedltyhat ii | eexxppoossuerdewthoiAlePpFrOeg/nPaFntO.A and PFOS can result in adverse effects on th offspring ofrats 'dlPacFkBeeAdhnmaescensoosttaobrenyceainunsfsseotrpumdetairteodixorainsstoeoaxmdteeeprnritsovileviefaeleyrHaatBsdiVoPnFfoiOrnAti.hoerLilPkiFveeOroSsto,hfearrnPadFsuCnestx,iplPo2sF0eB0d8AtMhhraDosuHbgehetnheir | `dtireetaotrmebnyt wiinttrhapPeFriBtAonewaelrienjleecstisoenv(eIrkeetdhaaentwala.s1o9b8s5;rTvaekdawgiitehtaPlF.O19A91i)n.tThehseeetfwfoects of sstiumdiileasr.sStiumdiylacromefpfaercitsnghatvhee ebfefeecntssoeefnPinFmOoAusanedstPuFdiBeAs (oPnerramtaldiiveertsa,lJ.us1t99e2t).al.I(n1a989) `fpoaurnadmettheartstmheeaesffuercetds oifntrtheeatstmuedny.t with PFBA were similar to thatof PFOA for some ``AhpahklaferlymiafqceuoeiknsitanienotinimcaMsloDsfHanPdcFohBnusAmiadiennrsse.edvCeihrnaatlnhgeandeitemvaale.lls(op2pe0mc0ie7ens)t.osTufmhtmehaesrt2iu0zd0ey8sdhHdoaBwtaVedffrtoohrmaPtaFPsBtFAuBdwAyoawsfatisthse ``ealpipmrionxaitmeadtqeluyic8klhyoutrhsroiungmhaulrirnaetsinamnadlleesasntdhafenmtalweo ahiosu,rswiitnhfaemhaallfe-lriatfse.oTfhe halflife in `imnofnokuerymsawlaesemlepslsotyheaenstawtothdaey3s.M-ICnotsttuadgyepGurbolivsehepldainnt2a0n0d8s,etvheenmmeaalne haanldf-tlihfreeoeffePmFaBleA.. 8e7mphloouyresesinaftetmhaele3sM-(CCohradnogveat,alI.li2n0o08i)s.plant was calculated to be 72 hours in males and eAxp2o8s-eddaytoorPalFtBoAxhicaitdyinstcurdeyaosfedPlFiBveAr wienirgahttss(Laineddedrecerteaals.e2d00ch7o)lesshtoerwoel,datnhdatotmhaleermraitnsor `efefxepcotssedthsaetpwaeranttelaywtaoyPoFnOceAtahse eaxppoossituirveewcoanstrsotl.oppTehde. mInaitnhsdisftfuedrye,ncseosmbeetrwaesewnemraelaeso. wwraeetiisgghghtis,v,eenbxuhPitFbdiBitdAedhaalnevdsesPlpFohwOyesAricwcahelorlaeecstttiehvraiottly.PaFnPBdFAOotAvr.eeraaetlxelpdohresaaetldsthrd,aisadndndiodthahhdaavvseleiaglhortwerederudcbutcoitdoinyonins binody `parameters related o red blood cell. i"nThNeofritnhdiCnagrsoloifanadweavselaolpsmoernetvaileswteuddbyoyfMPDFHBA(Diansmeitcael.c2o0n0d7u)c.teIdn tahtethsetuEdyP,Aexlpaboosruarteortyo PFBA by pregnant mice did not appear to significantly affect matemal weight gain or a p57 { | dfeervdeliltoyp.mSenotmaeldeefvfeecltospwmeernteacl odneswileardcaooeb-siryteiercvsadeld eifnfetchteaolfofnsgprwiintgohfltivheer,bmlicoeo,daanndd ii thyroid effects in establishing the HBV for PFBA. | NLoocaatneidmianltsthuedsiceisernteigfaircdliintegraetxupreo.suretomultiple PFCsatthesame timehavebeen ! | `The current MDH HRLS for PFOSandPFOAarebasedontoxicological studies ii decrivoe antooxindcCityynuvoamluocel(gkutnsomwoennkaesdyas.refInteherencceadseoofosPreRFID,O)thoSefk0e,.y0s0t0u0d7y5wmailsluisgeradmtsoper | ] Kfoirlotghrealma-rdgeaydi(fmfge/rkegn-cde).inThhaelFRlIifDe bienctlwuedeendaCy`ndoomsoelmgeutrsicmoandjkuesytsme(n1t1"0o-f12302 tdaoyasc)coaunndt || `uhnucmeratnasin(t5ie4syienarasp)p,laysinwgelalniasmaatsottuadliuensc(e0rthauimnatnysf,acatmoro(ng uotthoseracfecaoctudonrts)offo1v0a0ri.oTuhse clriiptoipcraloetfeifnec(tiscu.s"egdootdo"dechtoelremsitneertohl)eaRnIdDthwyerroeidadheocrrmoenaessei.nFsoerrPuFmOhAi,ght-hdeenkseiytystudy was ``asdejdusttomednetr'ivoefa7n0RtIoDaoccfou0n.t00f0o1r4thmeg/ekvge-ndl.aTrgheer RreIlaDtifvoerdPifFfOerAenicnecliundheadlaf-l`idfeosbeetmewtereinc `fCacytnooromofl3g0u0s.mTohnekecryistc(a2l0edffaeycst)uasneddhtuomdaentesr(m3i.n8etyheaersR),IDaswwaesllansianctroetaalseunicnerretlaaitnitvye liver weight. `dTihfef2er0e0nt8HHBBVV bfoarsePdFoBnAidifbfaerseendtoenxpotosxuirceolpoegriicoadlss(tsuhdoirets-tceornmd,uscutbe-dchornonriatcs,. aSnedveral tchherconaiscc)owfePrFeBdAeriivsetdhbeassheodrto-ntemromrvealrueec,enbtecMaDmeHtphreacftiinaclesH. BThVefloorwaelsltthvraeleue,xpwohsiucreh.in ``spteurdiyo,dsw.hFiocrhtihnisclvuadleude,aamruecfehresnmcaelldeors`edoosfe m0e.0t0r3i8cmagd/jkugs-tdmewnat"sodfecriigvhetd dfurcomtothtehekemyuch sunhcoerrttearimnetyanfchtaolr.iwfaeso1f00PFBA in humans (3 days) versus rats (9.22 hours). The total `PSFuCms,maprryimoafriHluymPaFnOSExapnodsuPrFeOAIn,fohramvaetiboenen detected in the bloodof U.S. citizens in c`mruolstsiptlheesptluadcieensta(.OlIsneansttuadlyo20f0f3i,ft2e0e0n4p3a,irasnodf20m0a4tbe)m.alPEaCnsdhcaovred ballsooodbeseanmpslheoswinnto Jthaipradn,thIencoouneceenttalr.at(i2o0n04in)mdaetteecrtneadl PblFoOodS.iPnFthOeAcowradsbdleotoedctseadmipnlemsatatemaapplrbolxoiomda,tebluty noontei`nGecromradnbylosohdo.wAedsiPmFilOaSr sitnucdoyrodfbl11oopdaiarteadpmpartoexmiamalealnyd6c0or%dofbltohoedmsaatmeprlneasl cbolloloedcted in `3c.o4ncuegn/tLr)atiinonco(rMdibdlaosocdhseatmapl.le2s0,07s)l.igThhtliysasbtouvdey dtihadtdfeoteucntdlionwthleevmealtseorfnaPlFbOlAo(odmesdaimpalneosf A299larngeewrbsotrundsy c(oAnpdeulcbteedrignettalh.e20ci0t7yao)f.BPaFltOiSmoarned mPeFaOsAuwreedrteednetPeFcCtsedinitnhneecaorrlydaslelroufmthoef sdeatmepclteesd,matuachgeloemsetfrriecqumeentalny,laevnedloatfl4o.w9earnldev1el.s6.ppInba, rfeoslplecotwi-vueplys.tuOdtyhe(rApPeFlCbserwgere: 2007), a small (sub-clinical) negative association between both PFOA and PROS cord 2 p58 sinerDuemnmcoanrckensthraotwieodn aanndinbviertrhsecweoirgehltatainodnbsieztewweaesnombasteerrvneadl.sAersuimmilPaFrOsAtudlyevceolnsdauncdted birth weight (Fei etal. 2007). Tprhoedmuocsetd bcoymtphreeCheenntseirvefodraDtiasocnasPeECConltervoellsainndtPhreebvleoaotdioonf'tsh(eCUD.SC.) NpaotpiuolnaatlioHnehaalsthbeaennd tN2hu0ot0ur7isbta)in.odnBpleEoxooapdmlsieen,aratugimeodn1a2Stuaarn(vdPeFyaOb(SoNv,eH,PAFfNoOErtASh,)ePsauFsrHrvSeep)yoyrheteaadvrebsyb1eC9ea9nl9a-rf2ea0pt0o0rctt,eaald.fnod(r22s00e0v07ea3r-aa2nld004as, shown in the table below. GeommeeandtatarfoirPFcCs, U.S. population, in ppb [uaa Jrros {rio [RS | 1999-2000 oe-- 207 fBT ao wfo a ] dT`ethcheleirdnaiPtnFagC,ssupgewgreehrsaetpstihndacutleuPdFteoCd8ilnreevtdehluescNtiinHotnAhiNenEbtlhSoeosudassmeoeplrfeuPmaoFnfaCltyhsieinsg,ceobnnuetsruadmlaetparopapurrelonadotuictotpnsr.easrMeeanntyed hwearsenboetcaiunscleutdheedPiFnCtshewNeHreAbNeEloSwadneatleyscetsi.on limits, or only sporadically detected. PFBA dIfnrufinondrkemidantgbiywoantthoeernMhiPanFsnCebseloeetvnealcsoLleilgneicWstlaeasdthutirhnergiotnuog2nh0C0ao7bui(notMmyoDnrHiets2oi0rd0ei9nn)tg.speiFxlooptropstrehedogp1ri0laoPmtFcsCtrsuedatyth,erdhoeauangldhth `pspcaairrettniitcciiispptaasnnttissni'tnehorovrmideeewsredwteoarmneedasosebrutvraeeidntebhdyeblplerovieovladstoesfawmseplellvesesninfPrLFoamCkse19iEn6lhmreoairnandbdlooComodt.steOalgneecetGheardloafvdeuolfttanhde Ttehloihegaoivtblheeearfthoarlletafhsweetsrrteaucdeys.elrevTveehdlesbg(ye0.ot1mheeptpOrbaiokcdrmagelreeaanmtuernreis)ucloitfpsaPlfFowrOatAtheeorr1s9yP6sFtpOeamSr.ftioTcrihtpehaneptrrsievwaestreiewde2elsltnsotbhesa:d follows: Geometric mean data Tr o-- for se PECs, MDH -- Biomonitoring Pilot Study, in a--" ppb ] faoms2000 [359 -- 1 sa `PJpaFolpBuueAlaotwfiaosn.5(depPtpFebcB.tAePdFleBivnSel5ow5fa(ds2et8dee%tc)etociftoetndh(eiLn1O59D6()3sw%ea)rsuofmt0.sh1aemppp1bl9)e6,sswcieotrlhulemactsmeaadmxpflireomsmucmtohledleeptcretocejtdeecdrt om tt`hhcoeeuplldoenvpeoulltoabftedieotcnae(lccPtuiFloaBntSe,dL.anOPaDFcPcwuearAasta0en.g1depPopmFbe)Ht.rxiWAcitwmheeraseonnmooratnodtyeohteefrcttmheeedasisnuaarmnepoyloefsfctemnhetaersa1ul9rt6iensngedrbeuencmlyow samples collected 3 p.5o `Omveetrraolrle,sitdheenptilsotthbainominotnhietUo.riSn.gpsohpouwleadttihaotsntahwlheovleel.s oTfthherreeewPasFClsitlweedrieffheirgehnecre.in cast b`meatiwleedentothtehoOsaekpdaarltiecaipnadntLsawkehoElimnod/icCaottetdatgheeGyrwoivsehepdarttiocripeacnetisv.e tIhnedmi.viPdauratlicriepsaunlttssawlesroe PrFeCcesiivendgeotnheerralh,elapnfduwlaiynfsotromraetdiounceaebxouptosnuartieontaolPfFiCndsi.nMgsDfoHrmPaFCysrien-pceoxpalem'sithbnlieosod, `tphorpouulgathidorniinkaningfewwayteearrshtavoedeendtedefrorimtfhibelnmoooesdtlpeaverl.sof PFC fall, nowthat exposures "VTihregilnairageasrteai,nvaensdtiggarteiwonoof ohufumcaotnuretxpsoestutrleemteontPoFfOalAaiss stakaicntigopnllaacwesuinitthaegaOihnisot-tWheest iDnufPoornmtatCioornpoonraitticoannibne20f0o5u.ndThoinstihnevepsrtoijgeactt'isonwiesbknsiotew,n asthe C8 HealthProject,and hhaivtepib/ewewnsexhpseoswevd.toedPuFsOomA/etmherdo/ugch8/d.riTnkhiengprwoajteecrt.hTahseenpraorltlceidpa6n9i,s03h0avpeeobpeleenwthesotemday wfiolrlPaFlOoAin(vaonldvseotmenesoetphaerratPeFsCt)udeixepsotsouhreeltphdreotuegrhmainnaelywshiestohfebrlPooFdOsAamepxlpeoss.urTehiesproject diassesoacsieastseducwhitahscaannyceobrs,ehrevaarbtldeishcuamsae,nsthreoalkteh,deifafbecettse.s,Eiimghmtuonfetfhuenscttuidoinc,slwiivlelrfaoncdus on `itbsohramlonleifdeiisortdheersg,eanenrdalbiprotphuoluatticoonm.esT.hTewstoudsiteusdiaerse weisltlilmoatoekdattoexbpeocsoumrpelteotPe FinOsAevaenrdal De`yteaairsl,saolftthhouegshtusdoicmseapnrderleismuilntasrcyarnesbueltfsohuanvdeobnetehnepoCs8tSecdioennctehePastnuedlyw'sebwseibtesaiet. h`weire dpesscribce8dscinie2n0c0e8piannaeprle.soerngt/aitniodrnemxa.,f tSheeleWcetsetd VpirregliinmiianaUrnyivreesruslittsyfSrcohmootlheopfroject MPeFdOicAinexep(oFsruirsebeaen2d00i8n)d.icTahtoersoprfeliinmfilnaamrmyatriesounl,tsidmemsucnreib,eldivpeors,sainbldetahsysroociidatfiuonncstiboen,twaenedn cholesterol that are consistent with some animal studies. `VTihregiSnita DoaufPWtoensettPViFrOgAinpilaaent (xColsahecramentcalei.r 2a0tn0e5s)i.enTthhderesetucdoyunftoiuensndetahratthseoWmeesttumors `tphaatrtmoafythbeesatsusdoyciaarteead, wbiutththPaFt OthAe reexppoorstuerdecianncaenrismaclousltdudnioetsbweerdeireelctelvyatreedlaitnedsotomePFOA exposure the area. through drinking water. Also, other chemical exposureswereknown to exist in `Discussion ofthe Public Health Blood levels ofPFCs observed Implicationsof inthe east metro PFC area Exposure. are well below levelsof departure fionraPniFmOaSl;s MusDedHto20c0al7cualaatned M20D0H7)H.RLThse(2l3evpealrotfsdpeepramritlulrieonis(tphpems)erfuorm PlFevOeAl,in3a5nppm baneilmoawllaetvewlhsimcehacsruitriecdaliand3vMe-rsCeothteaalgtehGerffoevcetspalraentobwsoerrkveerd.s (BPlFoOoAd,legveeolmseatrreicalmseoawenll850 `opbpsbe;rPvFeOdSr,epgreoodmuectirbilce morecaonns4i4s0tepnptbh;ea3lMth2e0f0f3ecct)s.(iS.co. mAelesxtaundidcesroefta3lM20w0o3r)k;erasmhoarvee not reexcpeonstusrteuadnydbyprLosutnadtiencacntcaelr,(2c0e0r9e)brdoivdasscuuglgaerstdipsocsaistei,veanadssdoicaibaettieonssibne3tMw-eCeonttPaFgOeAGrove 0 p.60 i | ``iwWmoerspktelrVsii.rcgMianDtioaHifsotiPsnuFdcsCyl,oeswehliyxcfholwpliiolnwtiopnhrgeovtesihaedseotunmmgoeoirrirenodgaeerf3eiaMn.itwiovrekifnofrocremasttuidoinesa,boaustwtehlel haesatlhteh 1 |i On January 8, 2009, the U.S. EPA's Officeof Water issued Provisional Health i wAwadasvsittseaowkraeitneesirnftrorreesPaptFomOnesnSteptalonadnatsPtiFhtuaOatAtirooefnciein0v.2AeadlnaPdbF0aC.m4caopwpnbht,eamrrieeinsatptewceatdsivinefdlouyusnt(rdEitPahlAawta2ss0l0tu9ed)w.gaetTefhrrihosmaadcation 1 |i ibneneenarlabnydc-aopmpmliuendi.tTyhewastleurdgseysitebmesl.ieved to be responsible for low levels ofPFOA found |{ T"thhPaeOt2iSf0t0ahn9edEEPPPFAAOPArv,oalvbuiuestsiowwneearrleeHceaaaplplcltuihleadtAedidvniissinotaruyastlivioagnhlstulewyshadeirrfeefvederrerinytnckwliaonysg.ewtMaotDeMrHDiHsha'csosndteHatRmeLirnSmaitfneoedrd i ! wwiotuhldPFbOeSneocresPsFarOyA., no aditional well advisories or other health-protestion actions cMioncnDlcueEdrinnehgdevawulilttnhhe-rbtaahbsilered sceuoxbnp-topisonupurueledatleiixmopintoss.suaNrreevpterorotltheoecwlteilsvesev,efltosrhooafslelPswFeChgsometmnhatrysooubfgehtehdserpiepncokipiaulnllgaytwiaotne,r ci(noefoavkneitnsn,agt,cloaernvmetlaaskkebiaendlgdofiwtoirMomnDualHlas,tHooRprbLyStouorsreidHnuBgcpVeo)eix,nptosousfcuuhrseaebspyfriuletsgeirnsnatgnobttrwoeolamtdewawntaetorfeurpsfaeroedrnfdtorsritwnikhtiehnsge, cTpurarerpabotosmneesnf.itltdMeerDvsiwHcoesrrekfcoewrnetlPllFyCucnsodmwephrliebcothtehddaelmaosbontrusadttyrooarftyetdahnetdhearfefraeelcv-tewirovsreelned-socssoomnfodspiiotsiionantnsodf(aucDstieHvawta2et0de08rb). CHOehanlrtoJhnuinceOu7D,tisc2eo0am0s7ee tDahanetdaMEiRnnevniverisoeonwtmaenCtaanlceErpiSduermveiiollloagnyceSSecytsitoenmo(fMMCDSSH),islsouceadteadrweiptorhtin the `pwCrioedusenetncitaeinsncg(edrMerDtaaHtielse20df0op7rrcoa)fl.lilcUeassnoicfnegrcsaMncCcoeSmrbSriandtaeetsdaaafmnordofntohgreer1ea5sc-ihdyeoenaftrsoapbeforuiDotadk2o15ot9af88a-tnh2ed00mW2oa,sstchoifunrngettqyuo-ennt `tWyepreesoaflscoacncoenrd,ucitnecdlutdoinegxalmivienreainndctihdyernociedrcaatnecfeorw1e6reseelxeacmtiednecda.ncIenrsadfdoirdsopne,ciafniaclyses C1o9m9m6u-n2i0t0i4esw,erbeyu2siepd,coldaer,gewliythdiuneetaocphocpouulnattyi.onFogrrotwhatthainnalsyosmise, cdoatmamufnriotmitehseaynedars limitationsoncommunity census data. "Ththahetrseotvpaeotr,ratlolr(cwsalhniicgcehhrtclryaatnleobwseeria.nccWIeanssashdeididntgiattootnn,hetahnMedDrDaHtaekwsoeatnbadscitotyuerp,iewisoeosfawcr.ahnveceaelrrtyshsstthiaamtteio.lcmcanu0r.rurtse)hd fwreiostuthnoidnf SipnetchiefiTcwcionmmCuitniietsimeestrionptohleittawnoacrocuan.ties were generally similar with other communities 3 p61 i i fAnraolmylsoewsolfevceolmsomfuennivtiyrocnamnecnetrarlatpeosllaurtearntasr.elNyeuvseerftuhlelfeosrse,vsaulucahdtiantgacpoatnenbteiahlelcpafncuelrirnisks i | ardedfreerrsesdintgotphuebluilclceopnocerrtnfsoorvaemrocraendceetraialteedsdeisncarcioptuinotnyoorft8hceboemmnauneTdnhlfeiirmietitaadtyeitro.insssof i { the analysis. i Child Health Considerations i McoDncHerrnetcoogcnoimzmeusntihtaitetshefuacneidquweitvhulcnoenratbaimliintaietsioonfofintfhaenitsr awnadtec,hioldirlenaia,reoof sfpooedc.ial Cheinlvidrroennmaernteaaltcaognrteaatmeirnarnitssktahtawnaasdtueltdsisaprocsfarloimtesc.erTthaienykianrdesmoofrecxpliokseulryetsotboe exposed. `bsemcaalluesretthhaenyaodfutletns,pwlhaiyocuhtmdeoaonrssachnidlbdrrienngfboreoadthiendtuocsotnatnadmhienaavtyevdaarpeoarss.tChhaitladrreecnlaorsceto theground; and children receive higher dosesofchemical exposure per body weight. The d`oecvceulrodpuirnigngbcoridtiscaylstgermoswtofhchstialgdesr.enMocasnt siumsptoaritnanptelrym,acnheinltdrdeanmdaegpeeinftdocxoimcpleextpeolsyuorens adultfor access to risk-identification medical cae. and risk management decisions, housing decisions, and for `Cchoimlmdurneinthieasvedebsecernibeexdpoisnetdhitsorelpoowrt.levMelDsoHfhPeFalCtsh-ibnacsoendteaxmpionsautreedldirmiintksianrgewcaatlecurlaintetdhe `ewsiptehciparloltyecctoionnceofmcehidlwdirtehn'cshihledarletnh'sincxmipnods.urAestostlaotwedlperveevlsiooufslPyF,Csthotsherowuhgoh dmraiynkbieng water, such as pregnant women or parents with infants, can take additional steps to `ruesdiuncgepoeixnptoosfuurseebyfiuslienrgtosbottrtelatedwwaatetrerusfoerdfdorritnkhiensge, cpouorkpoisnegs,.or making formula, or by Conclusions EPlFCm-oc,oanntdaiWnoiondgbwuarsyt,esMwienrneesdoitsap.oPseFdCosfbweyre3rMelienalsaenddtodigsrpoousanldwsaitteesrifnrOocmkdtahlees,e sLiatkese, pwoastseirbwleyllssh.oTrthleyafletvretlhs eodfiPsFpCossailndorcicnurkriendg, wraetseurltiinngthinepcaosnttaarmienautnikonnoowfnnaenardbiyndtrhienpkaisntg " ehaxnpdolsiunrge,cdoiusplodsahla,voerobcucrunrirnegdotfhwraousgthedorrindkiriencgtwcaotnetra,ctpowsistihblteheaiwraestmei.ssAionpislodturing the `lbeivoelmsoonifloPrFiCnsg sitnurdeysicdoenndtu'sctbeldooidn tOhaaktdaarleea,bLoavkeenEaltimoon,alanadveCroatgetsa.geWGhrioleveavianidliacbalteed eisvindoeinncfeosrumgagteisotnsatvhaaitltahbelseerePgFaCrldeivneglPsFarCcleuvnelliskeilnytreoscidaeunst'esabdlvoeordseorheianldthricnfkcintgs,wattheerre `icnotnthaecptawsti.thMPDFCH-ccoanntnaoitncionngcwlausdteewshientthheerpdarsitnhkainrgmeordbpreeoaptlhei'nsghPeaFlCtsh.inwateror aif or 3% p.62 i Cu`sroRruaetmhnsteWlyaysC,hoPiunFntgCyts.ohnaECxvopeuobnsetueyrn,eadetnotdePicFnteCpdairattnsploeufvbnelloisrctaahbneodrvpnerDihavekaaltotethwaecCloolnuscnaetcnyraoisnsscduasrworiuetndtheleayarsbeteaeirnongf i ii atdhadtrheassveedbebeynthiessuuseedoadfrbionttkliendgwawtaetrerorwewlhlolaedv-ibsooursyebayctMiDvaHt.ed cMaDrbHoncofinlcelrusdaetshtohamtes i i tcuohrraernmtlpye,odprlien'ksihnegawlatthe;rnferwomdaptuabwliilclobrepreivvaaltueawteeldalsstihtabteccoonmtaeisnavPaFiClasblie.noRteemxepdeicatteidon { | actions toaddress PFCs atthewaste disposalsitesareunderwayby 3Mandthe MPCA. i Recommendations i 1. 3imMplsehmoeunltd cthoentsienlueectteodfroelmleodwiatthieorneqouptiiroenmsenftos osfotlheanCdognrsoeunntdOwradteerr tao the 3M2. PWeooopdlbeusrhyouDlidspaovsoaildStirtee.spassing on the 3M-Woodbury Disposal Site, especially 3. dEpurxirtvieanntgseirowenemlseoldsfitcaothnietoanCioantcttliaevvgieteilesGsor.fovPeFCmuniicniepxacleswsatoefrMsuDpHplyHRtoLsserovreHaBreVass wshhoeurled be 4, Mcoonnsiitdoerriendg. ofselected private welli the affected arca should continue under a`fgCrrheeaqneugdeeunspciyonnacnsodancmnepunlmtirbnaetgripoolfnawniesntlilonsdtirmvaoicndkuiatclohrwaeenldglsem.saiynIfttbhheeerpepldluuumcmeeedarnwehdmimalioennssittisloarbpflreoo,vritdhieng 5. a3isnMsfuosrrhamonauctleidotnhearntesguparurebdltiihnceghmewoaanltitehtroiqrsuipanrlgoittneyecttienwdot.rhke "ahtitghhe tdriasnpsomsiaslssiviietpyrzoovnied"eosfatdheequate Prairie du Chien aquifer. Public Health Action Plan "ctThoihnsetapMiunDbeiHdcihPneutabllhtishcpaHusebsaleilscthshemaAelcntttih(oaansnsdPe/lsoasrnmafenonrtit)nhfeoorsmaiareteiaionrncelssuihddeeeesntttssh;uem2f)moaclrolinotzwiiinnngug:edt1hceodinisnsutfrloitrbamutatitioiononnof `iwimtphltehmeenMtPinCgAi,nv3eMst,igWaatsihoninagntdornesCpoounnstey-,acatnidonthaectaifvfiteicetsedancodmtmhuenrietcioemsmeonndations pp`rarniodvvapitadere-tdwiecilinlptaothwienoRneericsn;opm4umb)elcinocdnamtteiienotuinendsgmssoeanctinitdoonmroeifenttgoihnfsgpsudbowlictiuhmcelwnoatct;aelr3gs)uopcvpoelnriteimsne;une5td)ooofurftgiraceinaailczshatatsioon `caenddecdo,ns6ideervaatliuoanotifoanoddfiottihoenralpobtieonmtoinalitpoartihnwgasytsudfioersetnovievraolnumaetnetaPlFCexlpeovseulrseintoarPeEaCs, residents exposed to PFOA and PFOS indrinking water. a p.63 References | a3ndMi 200S3aal.ts.En3viMroCnommepnatnayl,anStd.HPeaaullt,hMiAnsnseessostmae.ntAoufgPuesrtfl2u0o,r2o0o0c3t.ane Sulfonate Acid {1 E3PMA20O0f3fbi.ceoLfePttoelrluftrioomnMPircehvaeenltiAo.n SaanndtoTroox,ic3sM.,AaungdusGteo1r,g2e00H3..Millet, 3Mtot,he US. |} 3OcMcu2pa0t0i%o.nalAsBsieoslsomgiecntLoifmiLtipViadl,uHeefpoartiPce,rfalnudorTohoycrtaoniodatFeu.nctMieodnicianlReDleaptairotnmteonta,n 3M Company, St. Paul,Minnesota SS144. June 9, 2003, : 320M082.008. Letter from Katie Winogrodzki, 3M, to Gerald Stahnke, MPCA. September 19, Aelmepxlaonydeeers, oBfHa.,peOrlfsleuno,roGo.cWt.a,neBsuurlprhiosn,y!.Mf.,luMoarniddeelm,an1uHf.a,ctaunrdinMganfdaceilli,ty1.S.OcMcourptaatliiotnyaolf `and Environmental Medicine 60: 722-729. AHlienxcaknldeeyrF,oCr.mat2i0o07n.s: FErxaacmtuprleedssfaonrdAstsoknoev,kaWrostodabquuirfye,s,RotchheeSst.tePreatnrd, JEolrsdeawnhearned. Presented a the Minnesota Groundwater Associaton spring conference, April 19, 2007. A1,peNlebeerdgh,amB.,J,LLG,olHdamladne,n,LRR..,U.,CaalanfdatW,itAt.erM,.FHRerb2s0t07maa.n,De1tB.e,rmKiunkalnetnsyoifk,FeZt.,al Heexipdolseurr,e T10ecphonlyofllougoyro4a1l:ky3l89c1o-m3p8o97u.nds in Baltimore, Maryland. 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Community exposure to perfluorooctanoate: relationships between serum | i lMeevdeilcsianned48c:ert7a7i1n.h7e7a9l.th parameters. JournalofOccupational and Environmental i{ UE.PSA. E2n0v0i2r.ouRmeevaitsaeldPDrroatfetctHiaoznaArgdeAnscsye,sOsfmfeincteooffPPoelrlfultoiuornooPcrteavneonitciAocniadndanTdoxiitscsS.alts. {| November 4, 2002. { EExPpAo2s0u03tr.oePPreerlfilmoiunraoroyctRainsckicAAscsiesdsamnednttosftSahtes.DeUv.eSl.opEmnevnitraolnmTeonxtiaclitPyroAtsescotciioanted with i `Agency, Office ofPollution Prevention and Toxics. April 10, 2003. `EAgPeAnc2y0,06W.as2h0i1n0g/t1o5n,PDF.OC.A SAtewcardcshMiepaPysr2o3gsr,a2m0e.07Ud.aS.t Environmental Protection `hittps/iwww. cpagoviopptintripfoapubs/ploastewardshiphm EPePrAflu2o0r09o.octParnoeviSsuilofnoanlatHeea(lPtOhSA)d.visUo.rSi.esEnfvoirrPoenrmfelnutoarlooPcrtoatneocitcioAnciAdge(nPcFyO,AO)ffaincde of `Water, Washington, D.C. January 8, 2009. E2r0i0c8s.onH,uL,mMaanrteix-pCoisdu,reR.,toNpardfallu,orMi,naVteadncBhaevmeilc,alBs.tLhirnodusgthrotmhe, dG.i,cta:nidntDakoemoifngo, J.L. ``peArgfrluiocruilnattueardncadlomFpoooudnCdhsemiinsftoroyds5f6:ro1m7t87h-e17C9a4t.alan (Spain) market. Journal of Ffeetia,lCg.r,oMwctLh:aughsltuidny,wLiKt,hinTatrhoenDea,nRiEs.h naatnidonOallsbeni,thJ. c2o0ho0r7t.. PEencvfiluroornimneantteadlchHeemailctahls and Perspectives 115: 1677-1682. FGleuorpyh,yMs.icasn4d1:Wa1i0,02N-I1N0.052,003. Dyesastraces for vadosezone hydrology. Review of Fpruibslbiece,heSa.lJt.h2--0h0i8s.toTrhyeofCe8veHnetasl.th PPrreosjeecntt:athionaoatctlhwaessWeascttiVoinrlgaiwnsiuaitUnciavnerisnitteyraSctchwoiotlh of Mieditcinpe, M.hasy.w7,n200e8d.ulAscocme/scsmeeddoonplhipne/patf:y/Public%20Health%20Grand%620Rounds?% 2005-07-2008%20-%20C8%20Health%20Project pdf HEingvgiirnosn,meC.nPt.a,laSnd cLutihaynRde.TGe.nc2h0nc0o6l.oeSgoyrp4t0:io7no25f1p-e7r2f5l6u.orinated surfactants on sediments " ps6 i HcPoh.lizlMedarrre,snJh.aaMnldil,ad.au,ssaceOdhx.,pWoisRlehdealtmo,pueMf.icKv2o.0r,0ho8Kor.caftBfatin,ooumaMtr.ei,s-tRcoeosruniptena,rgmoti,nfiRapt,eefdAludornriinnkgsiinJeegd,wcKaroltmeeep:eosucrnhld,ts,fn {| i Environment! Health Perspectives 116: 651-657. || prkoeldisf,er.a,tiAoinbai,n rKa.t,lFvuekubday,pKe.c,faunordiTataendatkyaM,.ci1d9s8,5.mTethabiolincaldlyiunoecrftptderroiirviaosiovmenes. of 1| Buty acids. Journal ofBiochemistry 98: 475-482 { F`I2nsnoduYero,eslhKa.i,tmeduOrpkaea,dfauY,.r,i.nKiatstohe,,dR.c.,omKapantodou,Nnad.k,saSzinaawhsaua,m,aHSn.,2mN0aa0t4ke.amjaPielmfaal,nadSo.,rcooUorncdtoba,lnAoeo,sduSlsfajomn,palteeYs,(:PSFtOnS,) i SEensvcisreomnemnetntoaflPHEeOalAthexPpeorsspuercetiivnessus1c1e2p:ti1b2l0e4p-o1p2u0l7ation during pregnancy. i Jfoaoyrei,naMt,edDailncgolhaoslasnp-Praensliilii,n Avr,iaonudsMfalbuourriyna,tedSm.Aa.t2e0r0ia6l.s.SiEgnnvifiircoannmternetsailduSaclience and Technology 40: 1447-1453 BJpuiesortc,fhuWeomWrio.cc,aalsGbfoorfrgeyaclssi,aaKcn.i,ddsHzoainnta,al hFeUitv,eerr,oHgeHeineenpieatmtyaolnoonfpg,ye.r9o:xS5ia7sl0zo-emr5e,51pMr.o,liafnedraSticohnmiinsdusccekHd,.by1989 KWeansihvienigstkoynRC.oaunndtCyl,eMlinanneds,Jo.taM.. M1i9n9n0e.soHtyadrGoegoleoogliocgayl,Siunr:vGeeyo;loCgoiucntAyaAstloasf Seris, Atlas C-5, Plate 5. aKinidemmaLtaicnnhd,estdAr.hoEmur,miaGc.nsmo2ni0,l07kL.a,nEvdxapnsoBesarusuremel,oafnB.de,rDftalemumoeprroiurndaa,letdPr.ec0ahd,e,mAi1uc9na9el6,s-2tM.0h,0r4oG,ulgiyhnnlnSa,wcteAadt,eionnL.:ignleelvle,ls Environmental Health Perspectives 115: 226-230. KInaduulst,riEaA.andanEdngDiincesesriinn,gACRhe.mi1s95t1r.y S43o: m2e33p2r-o2p3e3t4i.cs ofperfluorocarboxylic aids aKnednnApepdlyie,dGPL.ha1r9m8a5.colDoegryma8l1:t3o4xi8c-i3t5y5o.fammonium perfucroectancat. Toxicology LKeonnneidy,ofGa.Lm.,moHnaillu,mGpTe.rfBuretrealolc,anMo.aRt.e,. BaFmoeosd,CIhe.miasntdyCahnedn,ToHx.iC.col1o9g8y6.24:In1h3al2a5t-ion 1329, pRKeeGra.fnisuodBryio,oogcGet.alLn.oL,aBtBe,u. eMunCrrhiptohifcyaJ,,lLSR.eROv,liseaewnnsd,iFnaGr.TrWo.ax,r,iOcD'o.ClGoo.gnyn2o0340r:4,.3J5T.1Ch-.3e8S4te.oaxciact,olAogMy.ofPerkins, " p67 Kpeurbfwluaobroo,suCl.f,oSntaetweasrat,ndBo.,thZehrup,eJr.,flaunodrMocahrermoi,cLal.s20in05d.ustO ccurrenocfe from selected ho mes i n the i t y 1 `ofOttawa, Canada. Journal ofEnvironmental Monitoring 7: 1074-1078. `Kauciddo,inNh.uamnadnsKaawnadsahniimmaal,s.Y. T2h0e03J.ouTronailcoiftTyoaxnidcotlooxgiiccoaklinSectiiecnsocefsp2e8r:fl4u9o-5r7o.octanoic K(dwoacnto,raWl.tCh.esi2s0)0.1.UnPihvyesrisciatlyoPfroTpoerrotnytoD,etGerramdiunaatteioDneopfaPretfmleunotorifnCahteemdisSturrfya.ctants LPear,flCu.o,roAanliktyollea,ciKd.s,: Haordeevsi,eCw.o,fLmaoin,iDt.o,rPilnaghiaensd-Htuotxcichoelnosg,icA.a,l and Seed, J. 2007. findings. Toxicological Sciences 99: 366-394. 2Li0e0d7e.r,AP2H8-,daTyanoarkaal,(gSa.,vaEgfev)estomxainc,itDyJst,udRyoyo,faRmmR.o,nOitutmerpedrifFkl.u,oraonbdutByuratteen(hAoPfFB,)J.L . `The Toxicologist, Supplement o Toxicological Sciences 96: abstract 931. LReisnodurhcoelsomf,tGhFe, HLeolwgeesrenSt,. 1Cr0o,ixBrRoiuvsesrarWda,teWr.Ls.h,ed,anEdasFta-rCeelalt,rDalFM.in1n9e74s.otaW.atHeyrdrologic Investigations Atlas HA-490; U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. aLcoiedwseann,dMP,FOHSalilndorrasionnw,atTe.,r Wfaronmg,anF.urabnadn Tceonmtye,r iGn. C2a0n0a5d.a.FlEunovriortoenlmoemnetraclarSbcoixeynlciecand Technology 39: 2944-2951. `Lpuenrfdliunor,oo11c,tAanloeaxtaendperro,duBc.tH.i,onOalndseocnc,upG.aW.t, ioannadlCmhourtraclhi,tyT.. RE.pi2d0e0m9i.olAomgymo20n:i9u2m1-928. `MGDroHve2F0ac0i5l,ityH.eaMlitnhnCeosnostualtDaetpiaorntomnenPteorfflHueoarlotchh,emSit.caPlauRle,leMaisnensesaotttah,e F3eMbrCuoatrtyag15e, 2005. HMeDleHn 2G0o0e7dae.n,HHeeaaltlhthBaRsisekdAVsasleusessmfeonrtPUenrfiltutooroJoochtnanSotiinceA,ciEdn.virMoenmmeonrtaanldHuemalfthrom 2D0i0v7i.sion Director. Minnesota DepartmentofHealth, St. Paul, Minnesota, February 26, HMeDleHn G20o0o7dbe.n,HHeeaallththBRaissekdAVsasleusessmfeonrtPUenriftlutoorJooochinaSnteiSnuel,fEonnavtier.onMmeenmtoarlaHnedalutmh from Division Director. 2007. Minnesota DepartmentofHealth, St. Paul, Minnesota, February 26, EMpDidHem2i0o0l7co.gyCRaenpcoerrtI2n00i7d1e.nceMiinnnDeaskoottaaCaanndceWrasShuirvnegitlolnanCcoeunStyisetse.m,MCChSrSonic Disease. 2 p68 |} { `MainndnEensvoitar.onJmuenneta7l, 2E0p0i7d.emiology Section, Minncsota Departmentof Health, St. Paul, i| MEiDmHo a2n0d08Oaa.kdPaulbel,icWHaesahlitnhgtAsosneCsosumnetnyt,oMninPneersloutoar.ocMhienmniecsaoltaCoDnetpaamritnmaetnitonofinHeLaalkteh., St. i| Paul, Minnesots, August 29, 2008. { MPoDinHt-o2f00-8Ubs,e (PPeOrfUo)rWmaatnecre ETvraelautamteinont,DReevimcoevsa.loMifnPneersfoltuaorDoecphaermtimcealnsto(fPFHeCasl)twh,itSht i | Paul, Minnesota, May 1, 2008. i MMiDnnHes2o0t0a9.DeEpasatrtMmeetnrtoofPHerefallutohr,ocSth.emPiacuall, MBiionmnoensiotto,rJiunlgyP2i1l,ot2P0r0o9j.ect Report. |} AMlGaSs,C1-959.0.MiGnenoelsogoitca AGteloalsogoifcWalasShuirnvgety,onUnCiovuenrtsyi,tyMoifnnMeisnonteas.otCao.u7ntplyatAetsl.as Series, i TMariapdinalssopctlhsa,tcuedOny.t.,DarlI0ene-txx0elp0ren6ora-st,0ui1roH6en,5ao-lfH9aA.nrretco,hniNav.te,essBoetfocOpckecrmufapuanotrnio,ooncMat.laW.n,aeansndudlEfAnonvngiaertroeenram,nednJ.tpa2el0r0fHl7eu.aolrtoho,ctDaOnoIate: 10.1007/50042 `Mpionpunleastiootna, hDoeupsaerhtolmdesntaondfpAedrmsionnispsetrrahtoiuosneh2o0l0d9,.2A0n00nutos2e0s0t8.imaMtiensonfesciottyaanSdtatteovrship h`iDtepm/osgvrsaopwhidcemCoegntrearp.hyA.ccsetsseedmSse!ptember 1,2009 online at sMuolrfiownaaktie,(PH.F,OTSa)kaatnad,pYe.,rfalnudoroAorcatkaanwoaic, cR.id20(03P.FOACo)nciennvtaractuiuomnsoclfeapnrelrfduuosrtocoocltlaenceted in Japanese homes. JournalofEnvironmental Monitorin5g: 753-757. EMmPiClyAH2a0n0s7e6n., MSoPilHRetofeKraetnhcreyVnaSlautehser(,SMRaVy)8,fo2r0P07F.OA and PFOS. Memorandum from PMePrfCluAor2o0o0c7t.anoiScurAfcaicde.WaAtuegrusQtua2l0i0t7y.CrAictceerisasefodroPnelrifnleuaotroocizne Sulfonic Acid and hutpi/snww peo sate mn usTovpfe hanliofos hMMiiPntCnpe/Assow2tw0a0.7Pcpoe.lal,PustriaootpneosCeeonndtCruoosnplsuAbeglnietcnaOctryid,oenSrst./opnPfaePu-Flc,CosnM:siennAnteosSroudtmearm.afaArccytcosefhseteshteedpdoNfen.gloitnieaattions. h`MCiPotnCtprAwolw2An0g0w7ednp.ecay.S,SettSattt.leePmmaeunln,tusAMpignurnbeelesimocteaant.tioAancnscd/eoCsfosene-s3demoncnthleOimnroedleairtt-wciotnhs3eMn.t Minnesota pdf Pollution a p.69 ``OOrEgaCnDiz2a0t0i2o.n fHorazEacrodnoAsmsiecsCsomoepnetroaftPieornfalnuodrDoeovceilaonpemSeunltf.onaNtoev(ePmFbOeSr)2a1n,d20i0s2S.alts. i `tOohximcoorkii,neKt.,icKsubdeot,weN.e,nKpaertfalyuaomrao,caKr.b,oarnydlicKaawciadsshwiimtah,dYi.ff2e0r0e3n.t cCaormbponarcihsaoinnolfentghteh.: i Toxicology 84: 135-140. AOlrsmeint,agGe.,W1.B,.C,hHuerrcrho,n,TRR,M.M,ilMleedrhdJi.zP.adBeuhrkraissh,i,JZM,,HNanosebn,iK.1lJ.,B.eL,uOtn'dNbseeirl,lg,, EJM,, Minatnhdeesle,ruJmHo,fanAdmZeorbiecla,nLR.eR.d2C0r0o3s.s aPdeurltflbulooroododcotnaornse.suElnfvoinraontndemoetnhtearl fHleuaolrtohchemicals Perspectives 111: 1892-1901 ZOolbseeln,, LG.RW.,,20C0h4uar.chQ,uaTn.tRi.t,aHtainveseenv,alKu.aJt.i,oBnuorfripse,rfJlMu.o,roBouctteannheosfufl,foJ.nLa.t,eM(aPnFdOelS,) LaHn.,dand `other fluorochemicals inthe serumofchildren. Journal ofChildren's Health 2: $3.76. OBulrsries,n,JMG..W,.,MCahnudreclh,,LTH.R,,anLadrsZoonb,elE,.BL..,R.va2n00B4e6ll.e,SGe.r,uLmuncdonbceerngt,raJt.Xi.o,nsHaonfsen, K.J, ``pWearsfhliunogrtooonc.tanCehseumlfoosnpahteeraend54o:th1e5r9f9l-u1o6r1o1chemicals in an elderly population rom Searle, OJlLs,ena,nGd.ZWo.b,elB,urLr.Ri.s,20J0.M7,a.EhHraelsf-mlainf,eoDf.sJ.e,rFurmoeehllimiicnha,tiJoWno, fSepearcfaluto,roAoMc,taBnuctseunlhfoofnTa,te, pwoerrkfelruso.rohEenxvainreosnumlefnotnaalteH,eaanldthpPeerrfslpueocrtoiovcetsan1o1a5t:e i1n29r8e-t1i3re0d5.flaorochemical production O`alnsdeZno,bGe.l,W.L,.M2a0i0r7,b.D.PCr.,elRiemaingaarny,eWv.iKd.e,ncEelloeffsaodne,cMl.iEn.e,iEnhpreerfslmuaonr,oDo.cJt.a,neBsuutlefosnhaotfe, I.L., (`dPoFnoOrSs.)Cahnedmpoesrpflhueorreoo6c8t:an1c0a5t-e11(1PFOA) concentrations in American Red Cross blood `Owlistehns,eGr.uWm.,pearnflduZoorboeolc,taLnRoa.te2(00P7F.OAAs)secosnscmeennttroaftliiopnisdi,n hfelpuaotrioc,chaenmdictahlyrporioddupcatriaomneters `workers. Intemational ArchivesofOccupational and Environmental Health 81: 231.246. DP.eEd.en2-0A0d8.amSsu,ppMreMss,ioKneolflehr,umJoMr,a,lEiumbmuanliyt,yJiGn,mBiecregfeorl,lo1,wGiinlgkeesxopno,suGr.eS.t,oand Keil, p2e0r0f8l.uoroociane sulfonate (PFOS). Toxicological Sciences, advance published March 20, fPaetrtmyaadcii,dsH.,onLxuenndogbrieont,icB-.m,eAtanbdoelriszsionng,eKn.z,yamneds,DeePnizeyrrmee,sIwWh.ich19d92e.torEifffyecrtesaocftpieverfflouromrso o1F9o1xygen and lipid peroxidation in mouse liver, Biochemical Pharmacology 44: 1183- w" p.70 `Parnedvtedorurosa,oKf.np,eCrosfulsuiopnrsoc,aoLrbTo,xryBluacttke,s.R.CE.n,viarnodnmKeonrtzaelniSowscki,iaSnHde.T2en0c0h6nc.olSoeoguyrc4e0s:, 3f2a-te i i 4. } JReoiudr,aaTlSo,fCPoodldyimnegr,ScDi.eWn.c,ea1n8:d 4B1o7v-e4y2,1F.A. 1955. Vinyl estersofperfluoro acids. RuMAlinenkxneaelnsd,oetAra.,:CSM..iTCn.inpep2si0o0nt3ga,,GRHe.yoGdl.ro,ogAgilceeaoxllaonSgduyerorvf,etyEh.ReCe.p,PoaJrrl,teooGzfroIeincevnebs,etdLirgAoac,tkioMinonssss6ol1ue,trh,1e0aJ5sHtLp,e,ran2ndps. | CpRrouonnjtkeacetml:i,nhAa.ytCdi.r,oonstMsroiatsets.liegMrri.anpnh1.eiHcs.,octhaaarnGadecotTeliropigpziiacntagil,onRSo.ufGrf.vreay2c,0t0Su7t.r.ePdTahublee,dLrMaoikcnekneEastloamtaop.edrNofowlvnuoehromolbceehrelmoi1g,cgailng 2007. `USShaGpiSrow,eAbi.nMa.r,(2N0o0v8e)mGbreorun1d8w,a2t0e0r8.Flow and Chemical Transport in Fractured Rocks; `S2o0h,0u6mM.aKn.Hbe,raelTatashtmamrsiihslikkstsfi,nroNi.m,nfZaThnatonsuisayhsasasonuc,,iaCSth.eidnJaiw.aintEghn,veQix.rpooGnsimueersneyt,(a0/l.p>Se.rc,fiClehuncecrnei,naaKn.t,dedTaecncodhmnLpoaolmuo,ngdyPsX4.0iS:n. 2924-2929. ``SOthriyonaarn, dMJNo.rtahndCaLrionldisnta,roUmS,AA..BE.nv20i0r8o.nmPeenrtfalluoSrciineantecde caonmdpToeucnhdnsolionghyou42s:e 3d7u5s1t-f3r7o5m6. SS`TATcSSc,eCs2os0ne0s7du.lotnalSniutnrsef,aatcI:nech.WfaotreutrhQeup Mailinptne: yeasCsortita/ ttaeer.Pmiooalsn.luuftsoirhrooPneVCroofw fnleturohrowoilomAclgtpe. afnncooyis.c AcAiudg.usPtre2p00a7r.ed by eTaaxcikpdao,gsicu,arueAs.teosStsahiieg,npKief,ricoUarnmitesmionmucerraepar,soleToi,fferH8aat-sohreysgd,arpwoeaxr,yfdlReu.oo,rxaoynogdcutaKanunoorisociknaaecwiaidn,alYin.vder1p9eD9r1Nf.lAuoSorhfoordraettcsta.enmoinc Cancer Letters 57: 55-60. cToamop,oL.u, nKdasninnanh,umKa.,nWmoinlgk,frCoMmM.aAsrcsaarco,hKuFs.etUa.ntSds.AB,.utEennvihroofnfm,eJn.L.ta2l0S0c8.iePnecrfelaunordinated. Technology 42: 3096-3101. TP(ir2ap0ip0ri6in)eg,dEvuRiGCd.he,inecRneunGfkoreroluh,py,dArCsa.ouu,ltihAcelhaeesxttaeenrrdonegrMe,inneEni.etCys.o,atJnard,,aUAnSliAesx.oatnrdSoepeyrd,iimnSeCtnh.te,amraoynsdGtelGoyrlecoeagnry,b,oLnaA1t8.e4,:305330 as p71 1 TDiatbtelkemai,erR,WS..A2,00P7e.ppDeire,tKa.r,yScexypmoosuurre,oCf.,CaMnoiasdciya,nsJ.,toBpreornfslouno,riRn.a,teCdacoa,rXb.oLx.y,laatneds and | perfluorooctane sulfonate via consumptionof mea, fish, fast foods, and food items prepared in their packaging. Journalof Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 3203-3210. | UStKanFdaorodds SAtgaenndcayr,dsCAhgemeinccayl20S0a6f.etyFlDoiuvriisniaotne.dLcohnedmoicna,lsU:niUteKd dKiientgardyomin,taNkeosv. eFmoboedr 2006. VEessttiemragtrienng,tRh.e,cCoonutsriinbsu,tiLonTo.fTprruedceulr,soD.r,cWoomrpmouutnhd,sMi.n aconndsSucmheerrienxgpeors,urMe.t2o0P08F.OS and PFOA. Chemosphere 73: 1617-1624. `3WMesCtootnt2a0g0e5.GroFvheu,orMoicnhneemsioctaal F(aFciCl)itSyi.teWReesltatoendSEonluvtiiornosn,mIencn.t, WAessstesCshmeesntetrP,rogram, Pennsylvania, July 2005. ``WWeessttoonn 2So0l0u7tai.onFs,luIonrc.o,chWeemsitcaChle(sFtCer),APsesnensssymlevnantiWa,orFekbrPluaanrfyo2r0t0h7e. 3M WoodburySite. ``WWeosotdobnur2y00D7ibs.poHsyadlraSuiltei,cWEovoadlubautriyo,n MofNt.heWBeasrrtioenr SWoellultiRoencs,ovIencr.y, SWyesstteCmh-estFeorr,mer 3M Pennsylvania, September, 2007. ``WWeessttoonn 2So0l0u8tai.onRs,emInec.d,iaWlesIntvCehsetsitgeart,ioP/nenFnesayslivbialniitay,SFteubdryu,a3ryM2W00o8o.dbury Disposal Site. S`oWleusttioonns2,00I8ncb.., WAedsdteCnhdeustmer2,tPoetnhnesyFlevaasniibial,itJyulSytu20d0y8.for the Woodbury Site. Weston `ChWeesstteorn,2P0e0n8ncs.ylFveaansiiab,ilMitayrScthu2d0y0-8.Cottage Grove Site. Weston Solutions, Inc, West ``WWeessttoonn 2S0o0l9u.tioGnsa,blIen.s, LaWkeestSuCrhfeascteerW,aPteenrnsSyalmvpalniian,gJRuelpyor2t0,093.M Woodbury, MN Site. " Preparers of Report James Kelly, MS. Health Assessor MSiitneneAsssoetsasDmeepnatratnmdeCnotnosfuHletaatlitohn Unit TJealmeepshoKneel:lv(@6s5i1a)t2e0n1n-4u9s10 VHiyrdrgoigneaolYionggilsitng, M.S. MSiitneneAsssoetsasDmeepnatratnmdenCtoonsfuHletaalttihon Unit Telephone: (651) 201-4930 Virginia.Yingling@statemous p72 i 1 | { i i1 a p73 | 1 -- | | u"hnidserPaubcloiocpHerealttihveAagsreesmenet wwsitshstrheemaArgeeedncnbyyttfhoreTMoixnincesSoutbsatDaenpcaesrtamnedntDoifsHcaesaelt | | eRexgiissttciyang(AhTeStDiRm)e. thIetsPuibnliacccHoeradlatnhcAeswsietshsmaepnptrowvaesdbemgeutnh.odoEldoigtoyriaanldrpervoiceewduwraess || completed by the Cooperative Agreement partner. { "Tech7nical Project OfTfriecnet,4 SPS. SSABA . DHAC.--ATSDR i "HTehaeltDhivAisssieonsosmfeHnetalainhd AcsosnceusrssmewnitthanthdeCfoinnsduilntgastion. ATSDR, has reviewed this Public 1 Chic Stat Program YaSirtbo,rSoYAB, DHAC, ATSDR @ p74 ] Glossary | ATb`hsseuobsprtpartncieoognceotfeitnagskiinsntgo itnh.eFboordayptherougrohrtahseneyaoensim,nals,kian,bssotormpatciho,isnitnhteesptrinoecse,sosrolufnags. { ii A`cOucctuerring ovaeshorrt time [compare with chronic). || A`cuCteoexwpniotshtuarseaubsctantce thatocconcueorrfsoronly short time (upto 14 days) | | [compare with intermediate duration exposure and chronic exposure). i A`Addbiiotliovgeicefrfeesctponse to exposure to multiple substances that equals the sumofresponses { osyfnaerlgtihsteiicnedfifveicdtu]al substances added together [compare with antagonistic effect and { A`Advchearnsgeehienalbtohdyefffuenctction or cell structure that might lead to discasc or health problems. ASmubmoiuenadting (for example, ambient ai). A`Anaslubystteance measured in the laboratory. A chemical for which a sample (suchas water, aLiarboorratbolroyodte)stiwitlelstdeedtienramilnaebotrhaetoarmy.ouFnotroefxmameprlceu,riyftihnethaensalaymtpelei.s mercury, the `AAnasltyutdiyctheapticdveamliuoaltoegsitchestausdsyociation between exposure 0 hazardous substances and disease by testing scientific hypotheses. A`eAnxtpbaeigcooltonegidisicfttirhceeskepfnofneoscwet ntoeefxfpecotssurofetthoemuilntdiivpildeusaulbssutbasntcaensctehsatweisreleassdtdheadntwoogeutlhderbe[.compare with additive effect and synergistic effect. A``Agqrugoieuofnledorwgaitcerunaintd(stehdaitmceanntsy,ierlodckw)atienrwhinicushabthlee pqouarnetsitpiaecsesfoarrsepfruilnlgyssoartuwrealtlesd. with BAenanvciakrvgoernrmoaeugnentd,orloeervxetplyepcitceald aammoouunnttsooffasusbusbtsatnacnecse othartaodcicouarctniavteumraatlelryiianlainnensvpiercoinfmiecnt. a p75 Bedrock valley Avalley erodedint thebedrockbytheactionofstreams,glaciers,wind, tc. Ifthe || bvaulrlieeydivsalsluebyseoqrubeunrtileydfbilelderdowcikthvsaleldeiy.ment (sand, gravel, il, or clay), i is referred to as a i Biodegradation `Decomposition or breakdown oaf substance through the actionofmicroorganisms (such | `asbacteria or funorgotihe)r natural physical processes (such as sunlight). } ABiosltougdiyctihnatdiucsaetsor(s2o)fbieoxmpeodsicuarletsetstuidnyg or (b) the measurementofasubstance [an a`ncaolnyftier]m,hiutsmmaentaebxoploitseu,reortoanaocthheermimcaarlkseurbosftaenxcpeos[aulrseoisncehuemxpaonsubroedyinfvleusitdisgaotriotni]s.sues to Biologic monitoring brMeeaatshu)rtiongdectheermmiicnael swuhbestthaenrceexspionsbuiroelohgaiscocmcauterrrieadl.sA(bsulcohoadstbeltofodo,rhlaeiard,iusrainnee,xoarmple. of biologic monitoring. Biologic uptake `The transferofsubstances from the environment to plants, animals, and humans. Biomedical testing bTeesctaiunsgeooffpeexrpsoosnusretotfoiandcohuetmiwchaelthseubrstaacnchea.nge in a body function might have occurred Biota `oPflafnotosda,ncdloatnhiimnga,lsorinmeadniecnivniersonfmoernpte.opSleo.meofthese plants and animals might be sources `Body burden bTehceautsoetatlhaemyoaurnetstoofraedsuibn sftatanocrebionntehoe rbbodeyc.auSsoemtehesyulbesatvaentcehsebbuoidldyvuepriynstlhoewlbyo.dy ABubreiderdovcaklvlaelyley that has been filled with sediment. See "bedrock valley. Cancer `Agnryowoonremoalft2igprloyuopuotfodficsocnatsroels.that occur when cells in the body become abnormal and CAatnhceeorretriicsakl riskforgetting cancer if exposed to a substance every day for 70 years (a lifetime exposure). The true risk might be lower. 5 p.76 ACarsucbisntoagnecen that causes cancer. iACnafsmoeerdmsiatctauildoynorabeopuitdesmpieoclifoigcicheeavlatlhuactoinodniotifoonnseanpderpsaostn eoxrpaossumraelsl. group of people o gather `A`Cpaessoetp-ulcdeoywnththroaotdlcoosmtnpoutdayrheasveextphoesduirsecsaosfepoerocpolnediwtihoon h(acovnetraoldsi)s.caEsxepoorsucroensditthiaotnar(ccamsosr)ewith `common among the cases may be considered as possible risk factors for the disease. ACuAnSiqruegeinsutmrybenruamsbseirgned to asubstanceormixturebytheAmerican ChemicalSociety `Abstracts Service. TChenetpraarlt onfetrhveounsersvyosutsemsystem that consistsof the brain and the spinal cord. CERCLA [see Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980]. OCchcruornriicng over a long time [compare with acute]. CCohnrtoancitcweixtphoasusurbestance that occurs over a long time (more than | year) [compare with `acute exposure and intermediate duration exposure). `AColfcurasentvceiererwi)novgfersaotnuipugenadutsitouonagletnhuemrbienrt,irmeeaaonrdpleorccateiiovne.d,Colfushteearltinhveesvteingast(ifoonrs eaxraemdpelsei,gnreedpotrots ``canodn,fiifrpmoscsaisbelree,poerxtpsl;odreetpeorsmsiinbelewchaeutsheesratnhdeycornetprriebsuetnitnagnenuvniursounamlednitsaelasfeacotcocrusr.rence; ACWoorgmrkmouwunipotihftpAyeToASspslDieRstftaronocrmeesaPocalovnemelmius(snCuieAtsPya)nadndprforbolmehmesalrtelhaatenddteonhvaizroanrmdeonutsaslubasgteannccieess winhthoe. t`Ccooomhnmcaueznranirstd,yop.ursoCvsAuibdPsetmaienncfmeobsre,mraatsnidwonoirnokfnowhrimotwhATApeSToDSplRDeRomnit0gwhgataythshaevreaibnnedveornlevoveritemhwiegcchootmmmnmuounnwiibtteyyehixenpaltotsshed activites. ChCaoalrmempufaluarltie(sdaodcnvoenvrcsaeeln)utehrea(atClitVohn)eofffe2ctssuibnsteaxnpcoesiendapre,owplaet.erT,h0e0dC,Vorisusislethadast aissucnrleiekneilnyglecvealuse 5 p77 i tdhueriirnCgVtshempiugbhlticbheesaellthecatsesdefsosrmfeunrtthperroceevsasl.uaStuibosntianntcheespfuobulnidc ihneaalmtohuanstssesgsrmaetnetr than i || process. 1 `Completed exposure pathway [sce exposure pathway], | C(oCmEpRrCeLheAn)sive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980. i cClEeRanCuLpAo,fhaalzsaorkdnoouswnsuabssStuapnecrefsuinnd,theisetnhveifreodnemraelntaawndthaatthcaoznacrednosustwhaesrteemoiveasl or A`sTupSpDorRt,inwghpiucblhiwcahseaclrtehataectdivbiytiCesErReClaLtAed,tio hraezsaprodnosiubslweafsotreassisteesssoirngothheeartehnivsisruoensmeanntds] rAemleeansdemsoefnhtaszaanrddoRuesaustuhbosrtiaznacetsi.onTAhcits l(aSwARwaAs) later amended by the Superfund hC`aToihnrec,aeumnrtionruean,ttbirooenafaths,uobrstaannyceotphreersemnetdiina2 certain amountofsoil, wate, ai, ood, blood, ACosnutbasmtianncaentthats cither preseat in an environment where it does not belong or is present at levels that might cause harmful (adverse) health effects. ADeldiasyeeadsehoeralatnhienfjfuercytthat happeanas result ofexposures that might have occurred in the past. DReefremrraitng tothe skin. For example, dermal absorption means passing through the skin D`Ceorntmaaclt wciotnhta(cttouching) te ski [see routeofexposure] "DpTlehaseccers,itpautdniydovtefitmeehp.eidaemmoiuonltogaynd distribution ofa discase in a specified population by person, "DTehteecltowieosntlciomnictentrationof a chemicalthatcan reliablybedistinguished from a ero concentration DMiesaesausreespruesveednttoiopnreventa diseaseo reduce its severity. 2 p78 ADisseyassteemroefgiosntrgyoiag registrationofall cases ofa particular disse or health condition in | a defined population. T`Dhmoeesaeasmu(orfoeurmnectnhotefomifacseauxlpbsossttuharantec.aerDetoonwsohetiricashdoifoaiapecentriesvxoep)nriessseexdpaossemdilolviegrrsaomm(eamtoiumnetp)erpeirodk.iDloogsreamis(&2 lcmioeknaetslauimrhieonooadftobefdoadwnyateefwrfee,citgf.ohoA)dn,peo"rredxsoapioy.s(uIarnemgedeaonsesurear"le,iostfhhteoiwgmreem)autwcehrhetonhfepadeoossupebl,setteahanetcgeorreiasdtreeinrncktohuentered in tthheeebnovdiryotnhmreonutg.h Athne "eayebss,orsbkeind,dsotsoem"acisht,heinatemsotuinnets,oorfalusnugbss.tance that actually got nto "`DbToohsdyer.a(Tdfhioiatsriaoidsnindooaotcstetihvieesstcahhememeaimacosaulmnse)taosfuerneemregaytsofrfotmheradaimaotuionntotfhtrasdiaacttiuoanlliyn atbhesorbed by the environment. TDohsee-rerleastpioonnssheiprbeleattwieoennshtihpe amountof exposure dose] to a substance and the resulting changes in body function or health (response). ADovloncgartiaodni"ednotwnstream" relative to groundwater flow directions, or the direction to `which groundwater is flowing. SEonivli,rwoatnemre,natiar,lbmioetdai(a palndaaninmalts), or any other parsofthe environtmhaetcnatn . contain contaminants. `EEmnnevvciihrraoonnnimmseemnnsttamalolmvemedeicdaoinaitnaacmnliudndaetnrtwaasntsfeprro,ormatirt,mheeSocsihlo,uarancnieds{mb0ioptoain(tpslawnhtesraendhuamniamnales)x.poTsruarnespcoarnt oecxcpuors.uTrehepaetnhvwiaryo.nmental media and transport mechanism i the second part ofan UEnPiAted States Environmental Protection Agency. Epidemiologic surveillance (see Public health surveillance). "ETphiedsetmuidoyolofgtyhe distribution and determinants ofdisease or health status in a population; the studyofthe occurrence and causes ofhealth effects in humans. Exposure 5 p79 Contact witha substance by swallowing, breathing, or touching the skin or eyes. Exposure maybeshort-term [acute],ofintermediate duration, or long-term [chronic]. { Exposure assessment "The processoffinding out how people come into contact witha chemical substance or i seunbvsitraonncmee,natnadlhcoonwtmamaicnahnotf,thhoewsuobfstteannacnedthfeoryahroewilnocnognttahcetywairtehi.n contact with the } EAxpmoestuhroedo-dfoessetirmeactoinnsgtrtuhectaimoonuntofpeople's past exposure to environmental contaminants. Computer and approximation methods are used when past information is limited, not available, or missing. { Exposure investigation "The collection and analysis ofsite-specific information and biologie tests (when appropriate) to determine whether people have been exposed to chemical substances. Exposure pathway "The routae substance takes fiom its source (where it began) to its endpoint (where it ends), and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed fo) it. An exposure `epnavtihrwoanymehnatsaflivmeedpairatsa:nadstoruarncsepoorftcmoencthaamniinsattnio(nsu(cshucahs amsoavnemaebnatndtohnreodugbhusiness); an dgrrionuknidnwga,tebrre)a;thaipnogi,ontrotfoeuxchpionsgu)r,ea(nsducahreacseaptporrivpaotpeuwlealtli)o;na (rpoeuotpeloefpeoxtpenotsiualrley(ocrating, cacotmupalleltyeedxpeoxspeods)u.rWehpaetnhwaally.five parts ae present, the exposure pathway is termed a Exposure registry eAxpsoyssurteesm.ofongoing followup ofpeople who have had documented environmental FInaugletology, a fault is a planar rock feature which shows evidenceofrelative movement. i Feasibility study Afascttuordsytarocdceotnesrimdienreedt,hiencbelsutdiwnagyhe(a0ltchlerainsuk,pcoesntvs,iraonndmewnhtaatlmceotnthaomdisnawtiilonw.oArknwuemlbler of i Gaining stream `ACosmtpraeraem itont"olwohsiincghsgtrroeuanmd"water enters through the stream banks and srcambed. i GAeomgarpappihnigcsyisntfeomrmtahtatiounsessycsotmepmut(eGrIsS)o collect, store, manipulate, analyze, and display i{ diantrae.laFtoironextoamppolien,tsGoIfrSecfaenresnhcoewstuhcehcaosncsternetertastainodnohfomaecso.ntaminant within a community 5 p.80 TGrraainnidngroseusnsdisons for physicians and other health care providers about health topics. Gr`Woautenrdbweanteaetrh the earth's surface in the spaces between soil particles and between rock | surfaces [comparewithsurfacewater]. i "GTrhoeubnoduwnadatreyrbDeitvwiedeen togroundwater "basins" where the water on one side flows. ctoonwcaerpdtotnoeabwaasitnerasnhdedthdeivwiadteeroronthethceoonttihneernstiadledfilvoiwdsetfoorthseuroftahcere.waTtheriss.is similar in THhaelftiifmee (it6t4a)kesforhalftheoriginalamount ofasubsttoadisnspcpeaer.Inthe etnovdiirsoanpmpeenatr,wthheenhailtfi-slicfheainsgtehde ttoimaenoitthtearkecshefomrihcaallfbtyhebaocrtgeirinaa,lfaumngoiu,nstunolifaghstu,bosrtatnchee:r ocrhiegmiincaallapmrooucnestsoefst.hIensuthbesthaunmcaetnobdoidsya,pptheearh,aclfi-tlhiefrebiys thbeeitnigmechitantagkeedstfoorahnaoltfhetrhe ``saumbosutnatnocfe otrimbeynleecaevsisnagrtyhefobroodnye.-hIanltfhtehceasineiotifalrnaduimobaectroivfermaadtieoraicatl,ivteheathaolmfs-ltiofecihsatnhgee o25t%roafnstfhoermoriingtionaanlontuhemrbeartoomfr(adtihotaicstinvoermaatlolmysnroetmariadni.oactive). After two half-lives, AHaszarod uofprotecntieal harm from past, current, or future exposures "HTahzeasrcdieonutisfiScuabnsdtaandcmieniRsetlreaatsieveadnadtaHbeaasletshyEsftfeemctdsevDealtoapbeadsbey(AHTazSDDatR)to manage data `coclolmemctuinoint,yrehterailetvhalc,oancnedrannsa,lyasnidsopfusbiltiec-hsepaelctihfiacctiinviftoirems.ation on hazardous substances, AHearletvihecwoonfsauvlatialtaibolne information or collection of new data to respond to aspecific choenaslutlhtqauteisotnisoanreorfroecquuseesdtofnoraisnpfeocrimfaitcieoxnpaobsouurte aispsoute.entHieaalltehnvciornosnumleianttiaolnshaazraerdt.herHeefaolrteh `cmaocrheplaitmhitweadytahnandachpeumbilciaclhe[aclotmhpaasrseeswsimtehntp,ubwlhicichhearletvhiaeswssestshmeeenxtp].osure potential of PHreoaglrtahmesdudceastiginoend with a community to help it know about health risks and how to reduce these risks, "`THheealctohlliencvteisotniagantdieovnaluationofinformation abou the health ofcommunity residents. "This information is used to describe or count the occurrence ofa discase, symptom, or 55 p81 clinical measure and to evaluate the possible associationbetweentheoccurrenceand ! `exposure to chemical substances. THheaelptrhocpersosmoofteinoanbling people to increase control over, and to improve, thir health HAenalMtDh HBacsreiteVraial,uea (HHBBYV)i the concentration of contaminant in water that is considered safe for peopleifthey drink water daily for a lifetime. HBV have not undergone the state's rule-making process. AHenalMtDh HRisstkanLdiamridt, a(HRRLL)is the concentration ofacontaminant in water that is `considered safe for peopleifthey drink water dailyfor a lifetime. Health statistics review `The analysisofexisting health information (i.., from death certificates, birth defects preogpiusltartieiso,n,angdeocgarnacpehrirceagirsetsr,ieasn)dttoidmeetpeerrmiionde.iAfthheeralethissetxatciesstsicdsirseevaiseewiniasa sdpeesccifriicptive epidemiologic study. Indeterminate public health hazard The category used in ATSDR's public health assessment documents when professional jSuudcghmaednetciasbioonuitshlealcekvienlgo.fhealth hazard cannot be made because information critical to I`Tnhceidneunmcbeerofnew cases ofdisease in a defined population over aspecific time period [contrast with prevalence). TInhgeesatctioonfswallowing something through cating drinking, or mouthing objects. A `chemical substance can enter the body this way [see routeofexposure], Inbalation "eTxhpeosaucrteo]f.breathing. A chemicalsubstancecan enter the body this way [see route of Intermediate duration exposure `wCiotnhtaacctutweitehxapossuubrsetaanncdecthhraotnoiccceuxrpsosfourrem]o.re than 14 days and less than a year [compare Invitro tIonxaicniatrytitfeisctiianlgienvdiornoenmoenntceollutcsuildteuraesliovrinsgliocregsaonfiissmsoure bgordoy.wnFoinr tehxeamlapbloer,atsoorym,erather than ona living animal [compare with ia vivo). % p.82 i `IWnitvhiivnealiving organism or body. For example, some toxicity testing is done on whole ii `animals, such s rats or mice [compare with in vitro} ALossitrnegasmtirnewahmich the surface water infiltrates through the stream banks and streambed, dfoowr nmuncthootfhtehgerosuunmdmweart,era.lthSouucghhstwraetearmsiasrsteilolfmtiegnrianttiengrmwietnhtinatnhdemsatyreaampbpeeadr obedry i sediments. Compare to "gaining siream". TLohweeslto-woebsstetresvteedd-daodsveeorsfe-seuffbescttlaevntelchae(tLhOaAsEbLe)en reportedtocause harmful (adverse) heath effects in people or animals. TMhDeHMinnesota Departmentof Health AMedseitcoaflmemdoinciatlortienstgs and physical exams specifically designed to evaluate whether an individual's exposure could negatively affect that person's heal. TMheteacboonlvierssmion or breakdownof a substance from one form to another by a living. organism. MAentyabporloidtuectofmetabolism. Mmiglkliggram per kilogram. Mmigl/leimgr2am per square centimeter (ofa surface), Mmigl/lmig3ram per cubic meter; a measureofthe concentrationof a chemical in a known volume (a cubic meter)ofai, Soil, or water. MMiogvriantgiofnrom one location to another. AMinnAimTaSlDrRisekstlievmealte(oMfRdLai)ly human exposure {0 a environmental contaminant at or bneolncoawnwcehriocuhsthefaftecstusb.stM anceR aisruenclL ailkceullys aotedpofseoara mreoautseuorfaebxleporsisukreof(hianrhmalfautlio(naodrvoerrsael)), 57 5.83 a`osveprreadiscpteocrisfoiefdhtairmmefupelr(iaoddv(earcsuet)e,heianlttehrmeefdfieacttes,[soerechrreofneirce)n,ceMdRosLe]S. should not be used } SMtoartbeiodfibteying ill or diseased. Morbidity is the occurrence ofa disease orcondition that i alters healthand qualityof ie. DMeoarttha.liUtsyually the cause (a specific disease, a condition, or an injury) is stated. i TMhPeCMAinnesota Pollution Control Agency. AMustuabgsteannce that causes mutations (genetic damage). AMutchaatnigoen (damage) to the DNA, genes, orchromosomesofliving organisms National Priorities List for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites (National Priorities `LEiPsAt'osrlNstPoLf)the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sits inthe United States. The NPL is updated on a regular basis. PNaarttioofntahleTDoexpiacrotlmogeyntPorfoHgeraalmth(aNnTdP)Human Services. NTPdevelopsand carries out tests to predict whether a chemical will cause harm to humans. ANocaatpepgaorreynutsepdubilniAcThSeaDlRt'hshpauzbalridc health assessments for sites where human exposure: `toocccuorntianmtihneaftuetdurmee,dbiuat wmihgehrtebteheoeccxuprorsiunrge, imsingohtthexapveecotcecdutrorecdauisnetahnepyashta,rmofrumlihgehatlth effects. "NToh-eobhsigehrevsetdt-easdtveedrdsoes-eeoflfeasctubesvtealn(ceNOthAaEtLh)asbeenreported to have no harmful (adverse) health effects on peaple or animals. ANocaptuebgloircyuhseaeldthinhAazTaSrDdR's public healthassessmentdocuments or sites where people shuabvsetannecveesr. and will never come into contact with harmful amountsofste-related NPL see National Priorities List for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites] Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK model) 5 p84 deAsccormipbeustheormwotdheelcthheamtidcalegestscinwrthoatithhebabpoepdeyns,swthoearcehietmgioceaslinintthheebbooddyy,. hTohwiistmiosdel changedbythebody, and how it eavesthebody. PAiccaraving 0 eat nonfood items, such as dir, paint chips, and clay. Some children exhibit pica-related behavior. PPeFrfCluorochemical, a family of fully fluorinated hydrocarbons. PPeLrPmancat List of Priorities, the Minnesota state Superfund list PAluvomleumeofasubstance that movesfrom its soutorplcacees farther away from the, `dSioruerccet.ionPltuhmeeysmcoavne.beFodresecxraimbpeldeb,yatphleuvmoelucmanebofeaiarcoorluwmantoefrstmheoykoeccfurpoymaancdhtihmeney or `a substance moving with groundwater. TPohienptloafceexwphoesruerseomeone can come into contact with a substance present in the environment [sce exposure pathway) PAogpruoluaptoiornnumberofpeople livingwithin aspecifiedarcaorsharing similar characteristics (such as occupation or age). PAotceonmtpiaalnlyy,rgeosvpoenrsmiebnlte,poarrtpyer(sPoRnPl)egally responsible for cleaning up the pollution at a hazardous wastesiteunderSuperfund.Theremaybemorethan one PRPfor a particular site. pPaprbts per billion. pPapntms per million. oPatrts per willon. "PTrheevnaleuncemofbexietirng disease cases in a defined population duringa specific time period [contrast with incidence], 5 p.85 TPhreevmaelaesnucreesoufrtvheeycurrentlevelofdiscase(s)orsymptomsandexposures througah questionnaire that collects self-reported information from a defined population. P`Arcetvieonnstitohant reduce exposure or other risks, keep people from getting sick, or keep discase from getting worse. PAunbliincfoarvmaial,abdirloipt-ybsyemsseieotning at which community members can meet one-on-one with APuTbSliDcRcsotamfmfemnemtbpeerrsiotdo discuss health an site-related concerns. Aconntoapipnoerdtuinnidtryafftorretphoertpsubolricdotcoucmoenmtmse.ntThoenpaugbelniccycofimnmdeinngts poerrpiroodpiossaedliamcittievdittiiesme period during which comments will be accepted. PAluibsltiocfhesatelptshtaoctpirootnect public health. PAubsltiactehmeeanlttmhaaddevibsyorAyTSDR to EPA or a state regulatory agency that a release of hraezcaormdmoeunsdsuebdsmteaansceusrpeossteosraednuicmemeexdpioastuerteharenadtr(e0dhuucmetahnehteahlrteha.t T0hehaudmvainshoeraylitnhc.ludes PAunblAiTcSheDaRltdhoacsusmeesnstmethaatt(ePxaHmAi)nes environmental contaminants, health outcomes, and ccoommimnugniinttyo ccoonntcaecrtnwsiattha twhaossteecosnitteamtoindaenttesr.miTnheewhPeHtAhaelrspoeloipsltesaccotuilodnsbtehahtarnmeeeddtforboem: take to protect public health [compare with health consultation) APubclaitceghoeraylutshehdaiznaArTdSDR's public health assessments for sites that pose a public health hhaazzaarrddobuescasuusbsetoafncleosngo-rtreardmioenxupcolsiudreesst(hgartecaotuelrdthraensul1tyienarh)artomfsuulffhiecaielntthleyffheicgtsh.lovels of PPuubblliicchheeaalltthhhhaazazradrdcactaetgeorgioersieasre statements about whether people could be harmed by c`omnidgihttiboensapprpersopernitaattetfhoersietaecihnstithe.epTahset,fpirveespeunbtl,iocrfhuetaulrteh.haOznaerodrcmatoergeorhiaeszaarrdecnaotepguoblriice:s hpeuablltihc hhaezaalrtdh,hnazoaradp,paarnednturpguebnlitcphueballitchhheaazlatrhdh,azianrdde.terminate public health hazard, "PTuhbelificrshtecahlatphtesrtoafteamnenAtTSDR toxicological profil. The public health statementis a `summary written in words that are easy (understand. The public health statement p86 `explains how people mibgeexhposted 0aspecific subsatndadesncrcibees the known i heath effectsofthat substance. TaPuhbecliotcngahoileisanvolgti,hnisvsyotuslrtvveyeemsialttliiacmneccolelyledctiiosn,saenamlyisionsf,atathnedidioanttnearapnrdetuastieofnoofrphueballitch hdaetaal.thThpirsograms. { APubpluiblcimcefeotriunmgwith community membersfor communication abouat site RCRA [see Resource Conservationand RecoveryAct (1976, 1984)] RPeeocpelpetowrhopocpouulladticoonme into contact with environmental contaminants [see exposure pathway). ARenfeErPeAnceestdiomsaete(,RwIiDt)h uncertainty or safety factors built in, ofthe daily lifetime dose of asubstancethatisunlikelytocauseharm in humans. ARegsiyssttermyatic collectionofinformation on persons exposed to a specific substance of having specific diseases [see exposure registry and disease registry). TRehmeeCdEiaRlCiLnAvesptriogcaetsisoonfdeterminitnhge typeandextent ofhazardous material contamination at a site. TRheissouArcctereCgounlsaetersvamtainoangeamnednRteacnodvedrisypoAscatlo(f19h7a6z,ar1d98o4u)s (waRsCtResA)currently generated, treated, stored, disposed of, or distributed. RAD [see reference dose] TRihsekprobability that something will cause injury or harm. `RAicstkiornesdtuhcatticoann decrease the likelihood that individuals, groups, or communities will experience discase or other health conditions. "RTihsekecxochmamnugneicofaitnifoonrmation to increase understandingofhealth risks. 6 p87 TRohuetweaoyfpeexoppolseucroeme into contact with a hazardous substance or environmental `contaminant. Thee routesofexposure arc breathing [inhalation], cating or drinking [ingestion], or contact with the skin [dermal contact]. Safety factor [see uncertainty factor] SARA [sec Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act] "ASampoprlteion or piece ofa whole. A selected subsetof a population or subset of whatever is bferionmgastluadrigeedr.pFoopurleaxtaimopnl[es,ceinpaopusltautdiyono]f.peAonpleenvtihreosnammenptlaelissaamnpulmeb(efroor fepxaemopplel, cahosen `esnmvalilroanmmoeunnttaotfasosiplecoirfiwcatloecra)timoing.ht be collected to measure contamination in the "STahmepnluembsiezreofuits chosen from a population or an environment. i "STahteurveartteicdalthtihcikcnkensesssofan aquifer in which allofthe available pore space is filled with water. `SAollviequnitd capableofdissolving or dispersing another substance (for example, acetone or mineral sprit). TShoeurplcaeocefcwohnetraemainnaetniviornonmentalcontaminantcomes from, such asa landfill, waste epxopnods,uirnecipnaetrahtwoary,.storage tank, or drum. A sourceof contamination isthe first part ofan ``SPpeeocpilaelwphoopumliagthitonbse more sensitive or susceptible 0 exposure to environmental c`icgoanrteatmtienasnmioskibnegc)a.usCehiolfdfraecnt,orpsresguncahntaswaogmee,no,ccaunpdatoilodne,r speexo,polre baerhcaovfitoerns c(ofnosriedxearmepdle, special populations. MSpiencnieaslotWaelSltaCtuotnesst,rsueccttiioonn 1A0r3e1,as(uSbdWiCviAs)ion 5, clause 7, grants the commissioner of `hweaatletrhqtuhaeliatuythmoorniittyotroiensgtoafblwieslhlsstainndaarrcdass foofrktnheocwonnsotrruscutsipoenc,temdaicnotnetnaamnicnea,tisoena.ling, and sMeianlniensgowtiathRiunleas,depsairgtn4a7t2e5d.S36W5C0A,,detianicllutdhienrgepqluainrermeevniteswfaorndcoanpsptrrouvcatli,onw,atreepraiqru,aloirty { i g`mroonuintdowraitnegr,.and other measures to protect public health and prevent degradation of o i p88 Stakeholder A person, group,orcommunity who has an interest in activities at a waste site. Statistics Aintberrapnrecthionfgmdaattaheomraitnifocrsmatthiaotnd.eaSltsatwiisttihcscoalrleecutsiendg,troedveiteewrimnig,nesuwmhmeatrhiezridnigf,feernednces between study groups are meaningful. `Substance A chemical Substance-specific applied research A programofresearch designed to fill important data needs for specific hazardous aslulbsotwamnocerseiadcecnutirfaiteedaisnsAesTsSmeDnRt'oftohxuimcoalnogriicsakls pfrroofimlessp.ecFiiflilcinsgubtshteasnecdeastaconneteadmsinwaotiunlgd. the environment. This research might include human studies or laboratory experiments to determine health effects resulting from exposure to a given hazardous substance. `AScutpoefrf1u9n8d0s(eCeECRoCmLpAr)ehaenndsiSvuepeErnfvuinrdonAmmeenntdalmeRnetspsoannsde,RCeaoumtpheonrsiaztaitoino,n aAcntd(LiSaAbiRlAit)y SInup1e9r86f,unSdAARmAenadmemnednetdstahendCoRmeparuethheonrsiizvaetiEonnviArcotnm(eSnAtRaAl)Response, Compensation, and Lisbility Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and expanded thehealth elated responsibilities of ATSDR. CERCLAand SARA direct ATSDR to look into the health effects from substance exposures at hazardous waste ites and to perform activites including health education, health studies, surveillance, health consultations, and toxicological profiles. Surface water `Water on the surfaceofthe earth, such as in lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, and springs [compare with groundwater). `SA ursyvsetyematic collection of information or data. A survey can be conducted to collect information from a groupofpeople or from the environment. Surveys of group of `people can be conducted by telephone, by mai, or in person. Some surveys are done by interviewing a group ofpeople [see prevalence survey] SAynbeirogliosgticicreesffpeocntse to multiple substances where one substance worsens the effect of athneotshuemrosfubtshteanecfef.ecTthsoefctohmebisnubesdtaenfcfeecstoacfttihneg bsyubtshteamnsceelsvaecsti[nsgcetoagdedtihteirvie efgfreecattearntdhan antagonisti effect) 6 p.89 TAersautbsotgaennce that causes defects in development between conception and birth. A teratogeni a substance that causes a structural or functional birth defect. `TcCeorhxteiamciincaacgliernocrtumpshtysainccaels (offorexepxoasmuprlee,,craandicaatuiosne,hhaemamt,fucloledf,femcitcsrtoowlaivveisn)g oarggeaantissmthsa.t, under ; ATonxiAcoTlSogDiRcadlopcruomfeilnet that examines, summarizes, and interprets information about a e`fhfaezcatrsd.oAus tsouxbisctoalnogciectaol dperotfeirlmeianlesohairdmenftuilfileesvseilgsnoiffeicxapnotsguarpesainndkansoswolceiadtgeed ohneatlhteh `substanceanddescribesareas wherefurtherresearchisneeded. "TTohxeicstouldoygoyfthe harmful effectsofsubstances on humans or animals ITnrahnysdmriasulsiicvsi,ttyhis is a measureofthe rate at which water moves through an aquifer or a defined portionofan aquifer ATunmaobnrormal massoftissue that result from excessive cell division tha is uncontrolled `and progressive. Tumors perform no useful body function. Tumors can be cither benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer) MUantcheermtaatiinctaylfaadcjtourstments for reasonsofsafety when knowledge is incomplete. For `oeTbxhsaeemsrpevlefeda,-catfdoavrcestroasrrese-ucasfpfepedlcitie-ndltethvoeetlchae(lcNluoOlwaAetEsitLo-n)oobftsoderodvseeerdsi-vaetdhvaaetmrasirene-imnfaoftlechrtai-rslkmeflvueevlel((aL(dOMvReArLEs)Le.))toorpetohpelneo.dUinfcfeerrteanicnetsybfeatcwtoeresnaarneiumsaeldstaonadchcuoumnatnsf,oravnadrifaotriodnisffienrepnecoepsleb'estsweenseintiaviLtyO,AfEorL and a iNnOfAoErmLa.tioSncifenrtoimstasnuismcalunocrerhtuaminatny sftaucdtioerss twohdeencitdheeywhheatvheesroamne,exbpuotsnuorteawlil,llthceause harm 10 people {also sometimes callead safety factor]. AUpglorcaadtiioennt"upstrean" relative to groundwater flow directions, or te direction from `which groundwater is flowing. AUrcgaetnetgopruybluiscedheianlAthTShDaRz'arsdpublic health assessments for sites whereshort.term heexaplotshurefefsec(tlsestshattharneq1uiyreearr)aptiodhianztaerrvdeonutsiosnu.bstances or conditions could result in harmful 6 p.90 `VOorlgaatniilcecoormgapnoiucndcsotmhpaoteuvnadpsor(aVtOeCrse)adily into the sir. VOCs include substances such 1s benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, and TCE. Water table "gTrhoeunsudbwsautrefrace layer below which all available pore space is completely saturated with Other glossaries and dictionaries: US. Environmental Protection Agency (htp:/wony. cpa tov/OCEPAterms)) National Center for EnvironmentalHealthAgency for Toxic Substances and hDisicaspc Rsegi.strygo(vCiDeCxp)o(gshuiorpevyr/icwpnvoecr/we.chddelseporyslossar.htm) N(ahtti:onsavlonLwi.bpriamr.y onihfMgoevd/imceidnlein(eNpIlHu)s/mplusdictionary himl) hap//lomw.iwh govmedlineplusmplusdictionary. hm For more information onthework of ATSDR, plsse const ONaftfiiocneaolfCCoemntmeurnfiocaEtnivoinrsonmentalHeal 1600 Clon Rosd, NE. (MS 29) AgencyforToveSubstancesand Disease Registry ATellaeipah,onGe:A(340043)3)193.0080 6 p91 Appendix 1: Figures 6 ps2 FH so FFEFFFFFF o FFEFFFFF \\) Perfluoro-octane sulfonate (PFOS) FH FFFFFFF FFFFFFF O Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) FHC FFF o FFF O Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) Figure 2: Chemical structures of the major PFCs detected in the groundwater of southern Washington County, Minnesota. p93 B52 SE9R fq HH SPSE Eaimewa gpl l GECCCCC - =: IECSRISEE.S | OH 338 > ---- : 53 == Y a Sa: i iE i ET a8 E I: fi go iSE 5Zo:8: pote = @ sz as coc - L 3 n EE$i3S3 3 23 [iF ; 8 z8= 4zd 23 38 22Z3i 5 BAs NTa RYe I: B ne HE REE SS Lm ada a J dp: a a EB ji) ry % M3 Er RT st C i Eg : RE = B EE = oe = g p= ti Go 0 Sok3 Ee 4 Ea OR ) Laeitd o=o HB ER sa PEier ---- SE adel EEE TM0 33= EE=S } oe a) p94 pied = 2 d|l eBai0s5 e= z2 s < AsEaEkanl 0s 2 we 3 oH N32SEBf8oB952i2st:8e5u0i55zi58s:g Bg 33 ls [3get 3 (a2e 2|5B 3 3 8zS3EpiiEs2Cgg2Zcifiic5iiteici5ssd i ar i--. 3 2s 2=38352E8S3S20322seTa9a i251c12.s% 8 i Fo 7 gAl : ps5r 2g a 3 zgSSri38i38Egso5ee3ia8it8iE2soE5yts7 dGF| s~~ B haap le&/ <= IB 1 5s Ssfeeop8=g5gf3E88ta8if5i5iE:s L &\-23] del E E2F s ShB. aF Bagt aC5 E8GHE38Ex2SEH25E2EEiP33e:5Ti52s3T.s8 fz FT BEicaEy A= @g oFEI g5$H i5eB0ge5s58I :82255532s f g 12hgs i= 3 &5 fa aE S. bS se2SFcEpe2Eig20sgE5zsiR5iseS:zifS2oizE2ezeS2 gs H i8B55AU Z5E&sf3ia5es8s=e= A s\ Els EE LPIR inh EAN CoZ it i LE Q i : <| fs5. B1l1d1 i ip gE 3: 8 gE i8 1 x 1] . Laeoo I pC EDTOE 2 i 2 VE ee CE Es 1 FJ Ei L Eo s = Lo S[8e a: |; fe 5)a LNSE | Chr oR [ERY | Fa h 3 Re a at bl = SE Ls ie hi oagE eeFo i ae per NL7, Al pc | BREa E RFRE EESE E PioryfPeT TE m E8]E e Eia < Se ey a Bl Figure 5 - 3M-Woodbury Disposal Site Bedrock Legend |. 77 Woodbury Disposal Sie| gi] Fst Peter = #22] PradiuCrhieen Jordan AT This units ftihgautreunsdheorlwlse the the u3pMp-eWromoodsbtubreydrDoiscpko sal Suintceo(nLseo.ltihdeatfierdstsobield, rsoacnkd,unaintdbecnlaeyatnheatrhethe surface). Note that from northeast to southwest across the site, successively deeper units are the "top" bedrock layer. The areas where the Prairle du Chien and Jordan are shown coincides with a major burled bedrock valley. Prepared by MDH - 8/5/09 sie 401777 E [E EE TE 7 EueRE z g aLBkhhd+ AA A Aha Na 4 1 eee I el a e hel Ik- olidsheh by a oe Ph : het mg were 3 .3EfeL n Soe aE en en : tie ay ee LEN a Bon ee TeAR qdd `vad c ce p07 EEVE EE i E ta ek S iE | % i CRETE | : T ACoe S AEE Ef N 5 BS fea a BooCA NO : iF eee iHi - : :b= a EH Nn A Ted > g E1] LAy a VE 2 A ald izt Hob EL83) S > oo RN 3. Ji su- Cottage ES TM 2 i JER Es Ey E=2 iFo = reCnia ly NyDR 008. A ; Pa piSaSELElS ; % 7pt d 7 Tas b Lit jd- RE RO NE PyBs CI Figure 7 - PFBA in the St. Peter Legend [er HE PFBA=01-099ppb SEE bedrockvalley PPrFABAA-=13-53-470ppppbb E RPPFBFA<ro0lB.d1etpepAcdted O sampledwell Ntoto:oinsaresas wHiithnntoncoPlEorBAcodcionngs,ontihrraeiowneer,eontohwelStl. Pintiars aqnuaitfprretsoesnatmnpltehiasnadren.sufcont 7 pot A BAN HaaEn i 43S BAN \ uo % ] Bl jo :2 oy 3 EEL `ol ES 3 pe IE i Pris ER LPA on ts ys: "3 4 pn A FIRES Ea # EA X LORyE i Va k F Lo HE iS ai WSSISSPDT 3 e NE of pi ia ES9 N [Ba N ESE OE halides 5 BINA he a d Figure Legend 8: PFBA in the Prairie du Chien EE Pres 7ppb PPFrBaA~.35-172000mbm 8 PFA-0.1-099ppb BE porFon<orooacs BEF bedrockvalley -- tsaanmploavel INnofeo:rmiantiaornea1s withn1tcoPlaFrEcodniengm,ytaheorsnwse.reonrohweelPtsriahdiss aChforntopessammiplemandenuiffnint Ix = 5 XY As / ) i ki, XY, sL 1 7 4 bh je IY ER ey,A7)A Ey SCE Et 5k ER Pd XSA fJ o acaa Bra 4 i: SE Fi [4Ad : ood| ) P| : [RE a ' &$s3 g A Glas BN SCPr AE ECS S ihet GarrovceaPlnaentGSCELIhy FNl,ECES Ts PRE TR CE EEE Sin el RFE S3 i Beri] A ~%REg2h NJ E rsBic Ee AE: fi Sie g Figure 9: PFBA in the Jordan Legend PFBA.35-69ppb LH) PFBA=0.1 099ppb Z' PFBAnoidetected ---- Faull PFBA- 1-400 BERPFBA<O.Ip0 1, Bakock valley O sampled well iHontfeo:rmatairoenstsowilnthtnhoacaPloFrBcAocdoinncgontiheraieonwse.ra no alsin this aquifer o sample and insufficient 3 p00 erI ey WY 5 peat TRS 4E R|EA Toi 7 FifJ e oF+ ; NBELAE Ea EASA oi icocoury a2 i 4@ les TE HES ; ag n ok h a x k Co A a 7h A ; 4 oa pr he 3 | ; pA --_-- |e EY EES en Fd N8 SiON AT ELAR oN a BN EE TP . 3 ws ny NLT 2E TT ; Eo vd 5 En d i aE ! Figure 10: PFBA in the Franconia Legend PrFaBnA-10-13-4090p0prbmb FEEPprrooancorcaoncs f38."abnedsrockvalley iNotoninafrea1osa wirth nomhecoPlaoRrOcAotcdoinrigc,emtohaeiroennwse.re no well in hi aquifer to sample and nsufciont 7 m; E EEBE onn mt mi ll ! ONE TREE H Re iit El 1TL) IEi B EReE Et S R RR 0 pE eiE(Hl| EEESERS: Wee BL"E al|e itaiAE|gBin I i Ea [EE En re se EEe AY is iB TWIRHERTE RE EIa A HH |2 ! -- a i hs E| hPeA IE NR 3 Pe Ea | ee oh p.102 ! _-- =3 TIE rE a g2 ; gRIEzhseay Fog arE re 2 4iE BpaRoI RT a bdecRbEsberk abe] lok 9s) i 3c g ~BeElSlReE |BsbElsRb BBElaRk bpL| plEbEREEa] 8Hl g:3 =.dg 1-H Ji H gz } LE SN | 22 AWill S2 2 i = of 5 & g B wi 4 o FY DEI, i Vi RB BE &2 mE2 iil 25, i GEE bI : a EC RTRe YKl CE rm LIE RE HE258a8t idle JE p.103 PEEAETa ie TG LhA Ee 1 2 iy ES 3 BEC ON LA . 1S Ral A IY B=00 p ON 3s 1-\Wa oodoury Er c= 5 E fernE Ee [eR [EN Y EE EE rt 3 eErE N b= EEI) i PY FT 3 3 & aN T L E iZ F: [LIE h A FRE SE Fk a iW on 5 p:sR5 ENJrEhE8oSU y C3 H Ie j : Ipy}e} E 3 ke 7. A ERC 8 fed y- ERDES og SiieT. 8HA. i 5 Eo ad 03 FR =k i i 1 1 i E 3M Cotlage 1 Grove Plant gh Ti ER oly a 5 rn (Cd b BT J - Eawl R&SS\SSIPPI a7 Rj nyf \ Ph, PL Figure 13 - Areas Where Multiple PFCs WereDetected Legend Il Area vith muliiple PFCs BEE Bedrock valley O Private well with drinking water advisory @ Non-community public well with PFC levels that require treatment x o 32 Z IE L=C EEN" E fe PnEt | P33- 6 tTf I i TE < BEE 0. BEESE =I EE] \ J yi T 25 LES, [a o= = EA AN = cI] =EEE EA EN IAL SIS hu \ SIE \ |AN. <-. IETI3A3LY. aFitl -0 kFiES 8+ 3% 3 2 p.104 o EH gSiecx:i m S254 EEE | Zz=z:%i: || Sciitiv: || cisiits: 8gsd 525% | | 2=.F2: 2 5 E Z:F: 882 a SESeE: = E3EE5E Eslts | s22iz || ZCei3vESle H EH =i ESgoefn:g p.105 Appendix 2: Tables a p.106 Table 1: Initial 3M-Woodbury Disposal Site Monitoring WellData', 2005 -- 2006 (in pg/L) ne ros| Location"| Aquifer p[ r omy [Ree Tsai) eo 8B PDC ND PFOA PFBA. [ PFBS ) PFHxS ND |M5WI [ome S[WoAo [|W`Aars [i |5w 7s oa1ris w Ws osTP NA 335 NA MWT osm | NA NT NNA A MWS [OPC | NA |N|A 505| NA [ MW-11oT OPDC NA NA 0916- | 196-218 0383 129 NA NA NA NA 103-116 VNoatleusae:s snhow]n in boldface type exce1ed3MDH droinikinig water criteria, No rtra esTtTGo-r5P8BS or PFHXS. "Data are from Weston (20072). Results are average values calculated from two samples from same wel collected on same date 2 Well locations are shown in Figure 4 ? CAqoumibfienreadbbdriesvcihaatirognes:frCoJmDWNoo=dbJourrdyanp,uOmpPinDgC=wePlrlasirie du Chien, OSTP = St. Peter * Non-contact. process water discharge from retention pond at 3M-Chemolite Plant SND = not detected 7 NA = not analyzed p07 4S32E2 S l2o LIB zoZ la2 5 Ef3e [3S882 ||E | 3E 22 328%22 gGifl 2 2 E1Z5EE S 5:3 e oo ASi5g3g8: SEES 23 2 SB2293E0 |(82388-so8Ei2sst 5H EX 2 S[= E898J5a8Sf [518E882e Z8RR2g S33E3%EE 23 [BaEREsE4RsRE2s8|ESegEoe EfeEeEle sis CisTs |e Ts Ss Cis 2 7iz2 8.8.8.8|928.5:83: Zs NSN CnYai |F E= Of Sf 32 EER " i3:: g81f2E8T2 lg lo lo lo [SsSeE 3[83880 %[32 Els. SRieos EZ i8:= 2 SB ls lg lo S8582 le[naf1 1S2[F|Ee 5 52338% = E:d SEIoi, 3 Biis= ZlsZ32E3E 32 | 3 =2 ||." |[Sg2222 53 gBBlcgs2oas2 l2o o|= R E2NC|E [H3H8 S&ls 2 [E$zlks [|zBegelzBsgEs 1=B IE|e lg (2 2 | (2EEsStze EF 5 |# [E5ESEE |E 5 [3 [Fas p.108 2l2o1l23]1s2l2el]g3] o22281/521[525l201|2o2s1l2e 22ale2l2o|o2l1s2l1s8l|o1l2e1l8o/l21ell B3e13gad os215l21s2lee ieili 21i8)cloi|E[5ldolo) Eelorielaooslslealc:lz i bApRAREAoRkAabRaRtAsN os =F pEEai3EEdNenEM5|E23128E[cEelcElg E22/231|T2c1/2oE|1E5l2o2|1o9o)l 2Sg|&2l8lol2o1l2s1l22o]l3(z2l(s3l|a%|l9E1l2e1|2s|2l/sI2l]To2l/o2l12s1l2o/l2sl2|s2l/o2l(s2l1e2llo2l)Is2l]e8l)oo9l s 3 ] ==|||EE[213z[la2l2135[o23f] 2||2oe]]==! S1oe2Ss!8(o1ll2eell2eil2el2ol8=B5|IS2lleailee]eallea]EE1lk0EEl]lSs]i|e) Eg n : 2S2IE1H[32&]7122(5a12(2 e213l|13s7 3(52l|s588 ]22|225lel0e|0e8|o323o]0Sx21S0e)le12)5la3Sk)oEllse] . & Sgs 2=5i|221[|2=(/S225]lw A[2SsA<lg3oloe5lfs5lz5cl5o!2gage22/lE5c)eo|ga8[lE2l|e~fs|s!2 a | IF5E1S S<la 2 EEREiEBEEREERBEEdaAEEs aEEa2 tEeprga Ebedd e L aE a el EE ag =8 CECE E " EE EEE EE> EE EE :2| 3 | | LES| E12 E 12 E[5] EJef 1E9 R1g] E|= E 4A & 2 15 5 5 15 BEE IEEE p.108 o2l2ol2a1l2e]] 2o1l2a1l2a2l2s1l2elelel1l9e1l22e|l2e1l2|e2l1s2l1e2l2e|le2ls7|2sl2e] E2 2a|lza[7)] Zci|azl|ez||gZ|| o2l1a2l|a7(|a2l|e2l|ezl|gz|[gZ] 22]] HE2ll[o2l1a2l|o2) 2cl1o2l1sl2e2l1e2lo2l1o2lo1l2e1l22e1l2e1l2o1le2le21l2e1l2s1l2s2l1e2lel2e|l2el1s|71& 2 H2olecllaeie] cleleeleplols clelejelelale|a]e! 22klep >i olelelg|gl =| S22E4E2RslEe|z2lel S| 2cl1o2i1o2l1sl2a2l|e2l2s 2ol[o2l2a1l2s1l|e2l1e5l1d2l Sss|lEEslio2le8|o1l2LZe|3s2|lEs 2ol(o2l2e|ls2lBa[l2el1o2l1o2l2a1l2el2e1l2el2o1ls5l2 sle2l1 e1l2e2l2 slbE: % 271] elelelElelslslelelsl5o(l5e]l5s2l 22i SSo|1f%efllsl2oels2l2ol|gE2l 2ol1o2l1B32l|o2l1e2l|e2l(2|2[2|22[2|2(2|2/2] . Z = lSlgslels =lolol | <(Zlolg| 2lol2z||asllslol2s BERRI EERE ERE ER RRRIRE RE ER EPI = IERIE IEEE IEE CECE EC ECE TE 72S- sE =3z | : =| 2 13 [3] 3 5 o2l2e2lo1l2o2lo1l2o o2 22| =5(a1| 05(S|/2I[,= alate =&|= 217221l27al%28[7el5a%d|g15s z- 2 EE [oloPlaSl|E s2leE l|SS[feEfEl2l)08 8 35 29g) 3 52 5 2 S83| 2oc2lo1lo2lo2le2la2lo2le8l8s| 22i% J2 323 = =SE| 1222o02Sf l8o|2lo7S[(5li3Sa8ll3e1lel2e8ls]] 3(i:23: E8| 22" | 1"l2el2a $g13e g2S12 loloSsll35eIl55s|SlglRS[liSsslalls| SE [FRdlalaalaP : 25 22 0 2122 212 EE =Tl, JelelsllallenlNsmlel #E LEER Iz #E2E EF [i E! lse oEz E -| | S|=|s|s|s| S| HH 2ZsEA" clelof=l=] i: EE A i 22 pot0 .