Document 0qYG15jGYq2jgaw39RJrnroaV

Paint Research December, 1948 -20- #97' - Cont. The low viscosities obtained on the Premier mill are due In part to the fact that the bodied oil CV 49 was low in body. Production rates on SVP for the past six months have averaged 259 gallons per hour for the 3-roll and 284 gallons per hour on the Premier mill. Exposure series 9958-10023, representing cooperative exposures with the du Pont Company, was examined during the month and a progress report was written. The conclusions are based mainly on Florida and Chicago tests, vertical south on cedar beveled siding (also north at Chicago), exposure time three years. Routine readings on the Coffeyville panels, south only, at 36 months were considered, bit no conclu sions were drawn from them since we had not inspected the panels per sonally. It appears that one of the most interesting aspects of the series as a whole, in future final analysis, will be the variation due to geographic location (du Pont has parallel exposures at Wilmington, Delaware, bit their readings are not on band at present). Space does not permit a detailed account of the paints in volved, much less a comprehensive story on the variations in behavior, as covered in the forthcoming report. The general purpose is to test variations in BCVL and BSVJL in white bouse paints, but anatase versus rutile titanium is also a major factor. The formulas submitted by us are quite orthodox, testing 14} BCVL (as supplementary lead), 14} BSWL, 7} of each and none (Ti-Sil type), with some using all anatase and some 50/50 rutile/anatase. All our pigmentations are used both with bodied oil and pre-war vehicles i du Pont submitted three similar orthodox formulas using anatase and testing the emission of BCVL, plus two others similar but high in rutile and two high-rutile formulas with only zinc oxide and extender in the pigmentation. All paints exposed ty us were applied (a) over regular Rex 450 Undercoater shaded gray, (b) over Rex 450 White and (c) self-primed. Our bodied oil formulas seem definitely ahead of the pre-war type in durability and somewhat better in appearance, Chicago north and south and Florida exposures .being considered. The du Pont formulas using rutile TiOjj seem somewhat more durable than our anatase and 50/50 formulas, bit are definitely more dirty and have a yellow east ranging from slight to very bad. Due to the above mentioned effect of vehicle type, plus that of the titanium, it is difficult to single out effects due strictly to the BCVL and BSWL variations. It seems quite probable that low lead content contributes to the rutile yellowing effect. In a very general way, the durability results so far favor the all-BCVL formulations slightly, but the BSWL, 50/50 and even lead-less samples are also performing satisfactorily in most cases. The du Pont samples, roughly, show a definite advantage for 17} supplementary BCWL as against none, du Font's "extreme" formulas (high rutile) show remarkably good films in spite of the lack of leaded zinc. A limited number of copies of this progress report will be available for distribution. 0007-SWP-044489 N22977 Faint Research December, 1948 -19- #97 - Cortt. Acetone Extraction Data Paint No. 534 M Exoosed to Ultraviolet 1 Week 3 Weeks 25.45? oil extracted 19.74? Exoosed at 50 F. Behind Glass 5 Weeks 62.08? 580 M 19.47? " " 13.92 581 M 19.76? " " 11.11 582 M 18.12 " " 15.90 44.74 46.27 43.75 It is Interesting to note the high percentage of binder which remains extractable when such paints dry at relatively low temperatures with little ultraviolet. The P.E. soya paints show a greater conversion than the linseed control. In order to study the dirt collection as against erosion tend encies of Rex 471, card 50, a aeries of exposures have been prepared in which the only variable is the type of TlOj used. All rutiles are excluded due to the yellow chalk face which is associated with this type of pigment. 1405 dry end 2050 T are studied in blends: 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100. South exposures are applied over gray primers to aaph&size erosion tendencies, while north exposures are ovor white primer to emphasize dirt collection tendencies. The shipment of Nytal 500 referred to in the November report has befen compared with 20 dry for general performance in SWF. Factory batches were made on the Premier and roller mill to check the general performance of these inerts. Nytal 500 appears to be slightly lower than 20 dry in gloss, flow and consistency characteristics. The differences are not large, but a small amount of some higher consistency inert such as 1989 may be required to increase viscosity. Rex 471, Card #50 Plant Batches 3 Roll Mill 1800 Gals. 1500 Gals. Plant Batches Premier Mill 1800 Gals. 180C Gals. Inert used Viscosity MZ Brushing Flow doss Grinding Rate Grind 20 dry Nytal 300 30" 29" Good Good Good Slightly short Good Slightly low 114 gals./hr. 176 gals,/hr. 2K - 2H 20 dry 20" Good Good Good 257 gals./hr. 2H - Nytal. 500 ' 20" Good Slightly shortSlightly low 2B8 gala ./hr. 2H - 0007-SWP-044490 0007-SWP-000113860 1 Paint Fa search December, 1948 -18- #97 Cont. Batch Oil Combination Drier Combination Viscosity #3 Fresh 0 'Nits Set-to-touch 0'Nite 584 M 19 gals. (48) 29-3/8 gals. (2) Regular Rax 471 18.B" 26" Pb. 0.546* Mn. 0.014* 7 hr. 15 min. Good 585 M 50* P.E. Soya Esters Pb. 0.546# Mn. 0.014* 19.4" 22.6" 8 hr. 50 min. Good 582 M ft ft Pb. 0.546* COe 0*056? 25.2" 51.6" 6 hr. 13 min. Good 5BO M n N Pb. 0.692* 28.4" 55" 5 hr. 53 min. Good Mn. 0.014* CO* Oe0X636 605 M It Pb. 0.594* 22" 26" 4 hr. 50 min. Good Mn. 0.016* Co. 0.01B* 563 M + " 1/2 gal. (4232) n 596 M 61-1/2 gals. (2) 3-1/4 " (310) Pb. 0.546* Mn. 0.014. Co. 0.018* Pre-war formula Pb. 0.567 * Me. 0.054* 11 days 29.2" 26" 4 hr. 10 min. 6 hr. 30 min. Good Fair Verification of Initial drying rates vas made by acetone extraction of films exposed to the ultraviolet arc and a set exposed at approximately 50 F. behind glass in a south window. Paint Oil Used Ho. Driers Pb Mn * Co % Drying Recorder Tear Point Break Point Minimum Minimum 554 M 580 M 581 M 582 M Linseed 50* P.E. Soya H It 0.546 0.692 0.346 0.346 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.018 0.036 485 240 445 610 305 525 _ 0007-SWP-044491 0007-SWP-000113861 #97 - Cont. Paint Research December, 1948 -17- Drying Properties of SWP (Card #60) Vehicle and Drier Variations Csing AV 1101 P. E. Soya Ester Batch 518 M 519 520 521 522 523 524 Oils Under Test 29-3/8 gals. (2) t 19 R (510) 29-5/8 It (2) 19 n AV 1101 n it tt n n It it n H n n It nnn 24-Hour Tack Definite Definite - Definite Definite Definite Slight Slight Gloss Good Pair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Paint Viscosity Fresh OUite 19.2" 15.8" 29" 16" 15.6" 15.6" 15.4" 15.6" 15.4" 16" 15.8" 15.8" 16.2" 15.8" Work has been under way to establish a formulation for SWP using S0 of the oil as P.E. soya esters, particularly to obtain proper brushing, flow, gloss and drying characteristics.. It appears that the following com bination of oils would be suitable for SWP Gloss White and 450 Undercoater. Rex Rex 450 (2) (798) AV 1100 AV 1101 9-1/4 gallons 15 If 5 It 19 II 6-1/2 gallons 15 " 14-1/2 " 7" Work has also been under way to determine the optimum drier combination to use in SWP made with AV 1100 and AV 1101. This work, has not been completed to date, but the following drier combinations com pared far set-to-touch and over Digit dry as indicated. % 0007-SWP-044492 0007-SWP-000113862 Paint luMfdi December. 1348 -16- #97 - SWP 471 Three drama of P.E. epya eaten were received from Cleveland for evaluation in SVP. This shipment consisted of two drums of AV 1100 and one drum of AV 1101. 1Y.,W?. AV 1101 Color n 11-12 Acid Value Viscosity 2.5 13 sec. . 2.2 46 sec. Acetfl No. S 0 The higher bodied sample ms checked initially for drying pro perties vhen used In conjunction with (2) In the proportion of 40? AV U01 and 60? (2). In the initial tests an effort ms made to determine the optimum drier combination to be used in order to obtain the same drying properties as a blend of 40? (310} and 60? (2). The drying properties of the varloue vehicle and drier variations are as follows: ' Drying Properties of SUP (Card #50) Vehicle and Drier Variations Using AV 1101 P. E. Soya Eater Batch 518 M 519 520 521 522 523 524 Driers (install Oils Under TestPb Mn Co Z9-5/S gals. (2) ' 0.346 0.014 19 (310) 29-3/6 it (2) 0.346 0.014 19 tt AV 1101 - n IT n 0.346 - 0.018 " n it 0.346 - 0.034 n H n 0.346 0.014 0.018 tt rr n 0.692 0.014 0.013 ii n 0.632 0.014 0.036 gr^g.Lime Set-to-touch O'Hite 7 hr. 30 min. V. good 9 It - tt. H ' 9 n 45 If n n 7 tt 8 N H 6 n 28 It II w 5 ir 23 tf rt ft 4 if 18 n ti n (Cont.) 0007-SWP-044493 0007-SWP-000113863 Paint Research November, 1948 -25- mi - Cont. The lead substitute driers have a rather sweet smell, even at low concentrations, which would be objectionable, particularly in interior formulations. The following series of exposure tests were examined during the month: 1 1. Panels 0310-51 F, C were discontinued after four years' exposure at Chicago and Florida. The paints include pre-war and bodied oil SWP Gloss White using half, regular .and twice the regular amounts of lead and manganese driers, also plus cohalt, individually and in combination. Failure at Chicago is principally by erosion, while in Florida there is considerable variation in checking and cracking. Results are Bomewhat erratic, making conclusions difficult. Cobalt seems to improve durability, with slight improvement due to doubling lead, but also rather surprisingly due to doubled msngsnose. No sample performed better than that with the regular Pt>Mn-Co ratio. More study la indicated. Z. Exposures 10618-26 F vers examined after 24 months at Florida. The main pert of the series tests several hempseed oils In Rex 471 SWP Gloss White of 1-19-45 (rutile-anatase TiOg) as follows: (2) and CVR-126 bodied hempseed; AV-1001 alkali refined hempseed and CVR-126; AV-1001 and (48), AV-1000 raw hempseed and (48). All looked good, slightly more white than the regular guides, tut tending to be a little more "thin." This is more noticeable on the Chicago panels, where the "show-through" indicates possibly a little more tendency to erode; There is no real film failure in any case. The minor part of the series teats the same Rex 471 formula using Kelvitol, a catalysed linseed from Spencer-Kellogg, with (2), plus tha same combination in Rex 462 SWP Cream of 4-16-45. The Kelvitol in white looks almost exactly the same as the hempseed oils, clean and durahle up to two years. The only departure from normal in the series Is the slightly better color in Rex 462 with Kelvitol at Florida as against slightly more fading at Chicago. 3. Panels 10764-71 F were given a final examination after two years of exposure at Chicago. Both the S-W and Martia-Senour two coat systems were employed and applied both by brush and spray on new cedar and yellow pine siding. The Chicago panels were also exanined after 29 months' exposure, and included brush and spray application on badly weathered lumber. In Florida the Martir-Senour system is less durable, with the heavy spray coats having the best appearance, normal spray coats slightly inferior to brush coats. In Chicago the failure of spray application to fill in deep cracks has resulted In nore serious failure than where the undercoater was applied by brush. 0007-SWP-044494 0007-SWP-000113864 Point Research November, 1948 #97 - Coni. -22- The following points vara node up in preparation for subsequent exposure: 1. SVP White node with raw and bodied Neutral Conophor oil obtained fron lewis Berger and Sons. Conophor oil has an iodine value of 200 or better (sample'209*8 per Resin Research). Comparison with all lin seed SWP follows: Viscosity #3 Drying pyp tiaingFresh O'Nlte Set-to-touch 0'Nlte Brushing Flow Gloss (2) and (310) 20" 27" 8 hr. 45 min. Good Good Good Good Conophor Oil 19" 20" 4 " 25 " Good; Good not tough. Good Good - 2. SWP Whites and Colonial fellow tints on straight linseed (2) plus (310) binder and also plus 6 gallons blown (798) replacing an equal volume of' (2); also with vehicle consisting of 16 gallons (2) plus 32-3/8 gallons (503), and the same replacement with 6 gallons (798). This is a supplement to Sariss 8669-80 covering the general per formance of transparent litho oils of the 300 and S00 series. The new tests were suggested on the basis that all the tints in the original series made with the 500 series oils wore very heavy in body after four years' storage whereas the whites made with the 300 series all maintained satisfactory viscosities. Two lead substitute drier mixes, RC 1033 and RC 1039, were sub mitted by the Resin Research Department for evaluation in SWP. The sub stitute driers were compared for drying properties against (4230) lead naphthenate drier and also in conjunction with the regular amount of (543) manganese drier used in SWP. The driers were introduced to the extent of 7/8, 1-3/4 and 3-1/2 gallons per 100 gallons of paint. The lead substitute driers were not equivalent in drying to (4230) regardless of concentration if manganese is not added. If man ganese drier is used RC 1038 and RC 1039 are approximately equivalent in drying to the regular amount of (4230) and (543) used in Rex 471. Batch Drier Under Test Set-to-touch Time With (543) Without (543) 385 M 386 M 387 M 388 M 389 M 390 M 391 M 3-1/2 gal. RC 1038 1-3/4 n n 7/8 ir n 3-1/2 ft RC 1039 1-3/4 ti n 7/8 II 1-3/4 n fl (4230) S hr. 15 min. 5 n 30 fl 5 r 45 ft 5 t 30 11 5 n 45 f! 6 ii 5 it 45 It 19 hr. 45 min. 17 ti 15 16 n 25 '' 16 n 25 11 18 n 5 " 19 it 15 " 15 tt 45 " Over night dry: With Mn drier - good, without Mn drier - slightly soft. 0007-SWP- Paint Research Hovamber, 1948 -21- #97 - Cont. Tbs V getable Products Research Laboratory subaltted two P. E. soya esters, AVM 16 heavy body (46 seconds) and AVM 16 light viscosity (14 seconds). The samples were checked for drying in clear films and in SUP. The samples were rather small so we were unable to complete the various tests. Drying Teats (On Clear Pile) Batch 415 N 418 M-A 418 M-B Oil Under Test (gWMSSgil AVM 16 (Light Body) AVM 16 (Heavy Body) (310) Set-to-touch 0 Tf ite Tack - 24 Hours 3 hr. 40 min. V. good 3 " 40 " it n Slight tack n it 5 " 10 n Definite + 416 M 417 M 40? AVM 16 Heavy 60? (2) 40? (310) 60? (2) 5 " 40 " Good 6 " 25 " tt Slight + Definite Same percentage of driers used as in Rex 471: 46-3/8 gals. Oil 5/8 (543) 1-3/4 " (4230) SUP Gloss White Tests Batch Oil Under Test Viscosity'' #3 Orifice' Drying Fresh 5 D&VS' Set-to-touch Q'tfite Gloss Color 415 M All oil as AVM 16 (Light) 35.4" 36.4" 416 M 19 gal. AVM 16 Hvy 18" 29-3/8 gals. (2) 19" 7 hr. 10 min. Good 7 55 " w Lower V. si. than yellow 417 M ft tf 417 M 19 gals, (310) 26" 32.2" 7 " 25. " It Good OK 28-2/8 gals. (2) 0007-SWP-044496 0007-SWP-000113866 Paint Research November, 1948 -20- #97 - Coat. . Prices used In this pigment cost comparison (as of November 15): Drv No. 9 18 20 412 414 511 1405 t/Cvt. $21.50 22.40 2.00 15.10 12.25 16.10 18.25 BHLfio* 1695 1897 2030 2132 2188 2296 2507 8/Cwt. $25.00* (Estimated) 7.75 18.25 7.25 5.00 14.00 2.00 *1895 dry cost estimated on basis of September, 1946 cost at 311.50 by comparison with 1126 at 39.25 and 1403 at 314.75. Prices of 11/15/48; 1128 dry - 325.00, 1403 - 318.26. A shipment of Nytal 300 was received during October from R. T. V anderbilt Company for a trial run in SVP. Laboratory batches cf Gloss 'White were made with this inert and 20 dry and the paints were com pared for general characteristics. Factory batches have not been made to date. The laboratory batch of 5WP made with Nytal 300 was slightly lower in viscosity and gloss than the batch made with 20 dry. However, the batch made with Nytal 500 ground oat in ouch less time with equal texture of the finished paint (2 3). SVff Hade With Nytal 300 and 20 Dry ` Batch Inert Used Viscosity #5 Orifldeo Brush- Grinding Fresh O'Nite 4 Days ing Flow Gloss Tina 400 M 20 dry 22.6" 28.8" 28" Good Good Good 7' 57" 401 M Nytal 300 24" 27" 26.1" Good Fair Fair 4' 23" 597 M 250# Nytal 300 26.4* 50.6" 29.4" Good 50# 1989 Fair- Fair 4' 46" Residue (525 Mesh) Oil Absorption Bulking Value 20 Dry 2.4* 51 4.21 Nytal 300 0.52* 36.8 4.18 0007-SWP-044497 0007-SWP-000113867 Paint Research November, 1948 -19- #97 - SWP 471 Due to the increased cost of lead and sine pigments, serious consideration has been given to the problem cf reformulating SUP Undercoater and Gloss White. The exposure history has been reviewed and it was concluded that to modify Rex 471 by eliminating the B.C.VX. would result In only a minor increase in erosion. In order to maintain the reactive pigment quotient in the formula it was decided that to offset the elimination of B.C.W.l. the leaded zinc should be increased by 25 pounds. There is extensive exposure experience supporting this new formula and no apprehension is felt regarding its durability beyond the increase in erosion tendencies mentioned. A pigment cost comparison has been made between SVP and various paints being sold competitively in the field. Composition was estimated on the basis of label analysis and weight per gallon of the paints. In addition to the cost analysis a quality evaluation was made comparing these paints for color, opacity and gloss. Results of these tests are tabulated below Summary of House Paint Characteristics Competitive Photo Pigment volt Cost Gloss Devoe - 547 House Paint du Pont - 40 Outside White Montgomery Ward - 751 TiOj White National - Dutch Boy 110 Pittsburgh - 1-54 V Sears 143 White $126.90 116.81 104.42 159.50 81.53 125.09 33 51 79 58 34 65 SWP Gloss White % Bri^it- neas A-B G 0.008" Gauge Color Contrast Index Ratio 85.4 6.3 96.9 80.3 7.3 97.3 81.7 8.5 97.6 79.5 9.4 97.8 83.8 7.5 98.4 82.0 6.2 97.3 Rex 471 - Card #49 Rex 471 - no B.C.W.L. Rex 471 - no B.C.Wl. 414/511 Rex 471 - 414A8 SWP Fume Resisting Type 114.77 106.89 100.4B 106.04 60 61 63 67 61.5 8.0 96.9 81.6 7.8 97.2 84.5 5.9 97.9 79.5 9.3 97.9 Rex 436 - Card #13 Rex 436 - 414-ZnO (50 color) Rex 436 - 414-ZnO (65 color) One Coat Hr>ns Paint 82.86 80.37 80.87 73 72 68 82.3 3.0 98.6 79.4 7.8 93.5 80.3 7.0 98.4 Devoe SWP- CR 4697 99.03 78 160.30 61 87.2 6.0 99.1 83.5 6.1 98.8 0007-SWP-044498 0007-SWP-000113868 Paint Research October, 1948 /^97 - Cont. -16- (d) Rex 450 - 471 va. One Coat House Paint White. (e) Rex 450 - 471 va. SWP with 4.25 pounds oil per gallon. (f) Ono Coat House Paint with basic lead silicate. With reference to (l) above, panels 11116 - 11122 F, C were examined after 18 months vertical south at Florida, and 19 months 3outh and north at Chicago, all on cedar beveled siding with Rex 450 Undercoater. The basic formula i3 Rex 471 of 6-15-46, using all linseed oil and all 1403 anatase Ti02. The three special formulas use raw and bodied soya oils as detailed below: (a) All oil as (1273) and bis-bodied soya CV 7027. Seems inferior in durability at Florida, some checking and cracking. No failure at Chicago. No real dirt differences at present but was dirtier than regular during first year. (b) All oil as S. 0. #500, raw and bodied. Seams equal to regular in durability. Same'dirt history as (a). (o) Same as (b), hit increased drier content. As (b), but shows a very slight tendency toward checking. (d) Regulars of 4-8-42 (all 1405, pre-war type) and 10-13-42 (similar but 2173 dry) performed about as the 6-13-46 formula, but collected more dirt, especially with 2173 dry. In the Monthly Report for May, 1948 reference is made to a sample of lead glyceroxide of cottonseed oil monoglyceride submitted ty Sr. Grummitt for evaluation as a drier. SWP made with this material and regular load naphthonate drier (4230) were compared for granulation, package condition and drying characteristics after approximately 17 months' storage. As indicated below, the paint containing the lead glyceroxide is slightly better than the regular for package condition and granulation and appears to he equivalent in drying properties to the regular formula. However, in our previous report we found the lead glycoroxide to be dark in color and bed in staining. We also stated the lead glyceroxide pro duced a rather heavy precipitate that settled out aftor standing for a few days if dissolved in mineral spirits to the extent of 10f5 metal. Experimental Drying Package Granu- Batch No. Formula Drier Set-to-touch 0`Nite Condition lation 835 K Rex 471 Formula 6-13-46 (543) 5 hr, 40 min. (4230) Good Good Very slight 837 K " (545) 5 hr, 35 min. Good Lead Glyceroxide Gc^c' None 0007-SWP-044499 0007-SWP-000113869 Paint Research October, 1948 -15- #97 - Cont. Exposures will be made south and north vertical in Chicago and Florida. The panels will be painted both this fall and next summer to check the effects of drying conditions on dirt collection and durability. The paints will also be checked for viscosity changes over a period of six months. Experimental paints were made on the SWP formulation with: (a) 60 pounds 18 dry, (b) 60 pounds lead linoleate, and (o) without any lead introduced as the carbonate or linoleate. We have always favored the use of some carbonate in SWP to decrease erosion and it may be that similar results can be obtained with equivalent or lower percentages of lead linoleate. Panels prepared for exposure during the month include: 1. 13225-58 CS, CN and F. This series is a repeat of an earlier series 10945-63 covering the use of various soybean oils in SWP. The original paints exposed in the late fall of 1946 showed early dirt collection which was retained, also bad and spotty fading. The oils used included (310) linseed, HB S474 (CV 7027) Bis Soya, RB 6471 (CV 7028) SOa treated soya, RB 8472 (CV 7029) Catalyst bodied Boya, RB 3473 (CVR 584) 80/20 soya/tung, and RB 8477 (CVR 570) P.P.G. #500 bodied soya. Because of the poor appearance of the first series it was decided to repeat it, using the regular shading colors specified for Rex 478, BT 10 and B! 40. The aeries also includes whites using 1403 TiOz. The temperatures during the painting period ranged from 47 -to 62 F. ' 2. 13239-46 CS, CN and F. This is a repeat of series 13162-69 which was painted in August with temperatures ranging from 57 to 85 F. and low humidity, after which there was a period of very hot weather (up to 100 F.). Thi3 new group was painted at temperatures Tanging from 57 to 69 F., and high morning and evening humidities. The paints include SWP Whites and Colonial fellows, using (310), CV-49 and (3316) as the bodied oils. 3. 13252-61 CS and CN. This series covers panel exposures of the paints used on test houses during this past summer. Briefly, the tests are: (a) Rex 450 - 471 and Rex 70110 primer on aluminum siding. (b) Reproduction of National's Dutch Boy White vs. actual sample National's #110 Bright White vs. Rex 450 - 471. (c) Rex 450 - 471 vs. Rex 450 - RB 2349 SWP with basic lead silicate. 0007-SW P-044500 0007-SWP-000113870 Page 14 Paint Research October, 1948 Batch No. Study of Rex 471 and Rex-465 in Various Oils __Cont. Viscosity ............. Fresh O'Nite Set-to-Touch Thru Dry Brushing Wrinkling at ....................... 140 F. under Flow Gloss U. V. Light 315 M Rex 465 19 gals. RB 9650 22.4" 25" ' 7 hr. Good Good Good Good - No wrinkling. Fair gloss. 316 M Rex 465 19 gals. RC 0733 317 M Rex 465 19 galB, RC 0754 20.4 20 20 21 6 hr. 50 min 7" 5" II It (1 tl tt tl II n n tt 318 M Rex 465 19 gals. RC 0735 23 24.6 6 " 25 ft tl ft tt - 319 M Rex 465 19 gals. RC 0736 351 M Rex 465 19 gals. RC 0739 352 M Rex 465 19 gals. RC 0740 353 M Rex 465 19 gals. RC 0741 354 M Rex 465 19 gals. (3316) 26.2 27.8 18.8 22 15 16.8 22 27 25.4 26 6 " 25 " 7 " 30 " Over 8 hours 7 hr. 45 min.k 9 It ft n it tt tt tl it No wrinkling. Fair + gloss. tl 11 it 11 n tt Fair tt tt Good - n n tt tl II n 355 M Rex 465 18.2 14-1/2 gals. (3316) 5 " (410G) 21 ? Good. M II II Less tack than 354 M n #97 Cont.- 0007-S Page 13 P aint Research October, 1948 Batch Ho. Study of Rex 471 and Rex 465 in Various Oils Cont. Viscosity Fresh O'Hite Set-to-Touch Thru Dry Brushing Flow G1o s 3 Wrinkling at 140 F. under U. V. Right 330 M Rex 471 19 gals. RC 0739 19.2" 22.8" C hr. 20 min. Good Good Good Good - Ho wrinkling. Fair gloss. 331 M Rex 471 19 gals. RC 0740 17 20 6 : 50 1! It II If II 350 M Rex 471 19 gals. RC 0741 20 27 Over 8 hours If n " Good + No wrinkling. Good gloss. 232 M Rex 471 Formula of 4-19-48 26 19 gals. (3316) 29 7 hr. 45 min. II n " Good 11 253 M Rex 471 14-1/2 gals. (3316) 24 5 gals. (4106) 26 6 11 25 " tl n " Good - tl 311 M Rex 465 46 Formula of 4-21-48 19 gals. (310) 312 M Rex 465 30 15-1/2 gals. (3316) 3-1/2 " (2325) 313 M Rex 465 19 gals. RB 9646 23 314 M Rex 465 19 gals. RB 9647 25.2 49 31 30 25.6 7 " 15 " 6 " 45 " 7 " 25 " 7 " 25 " II l 11 11 it " Good No wrinkling. Fair-good gloss if 11 Good - 11 n tl II K II 11 11 n Cont. #97 Cont.- 0007-SW Page 12 P aint Research October, 1948 Batch No. Study of Rex 471 and Rex 465 in Various Oils Viscosity ..................... Fresh O'Nite Set-to-Touch Thru Dry Brushing Flow Gloss Wrinkling at 140 F. under U. V. Light 502 M Rex 471 Formula of 4-19-48 27" 50.2" 6 hr. 45 min,, Good (310) Good .008" film. Good Good No wrinkling. Good gloss. 303 M Rex 471 15-1/2 |als. (3316) 23 3-1/2 " (2325) 304 M Rek 471 19 gals. RB 9646 23 305 M Rex 471 19 gals. RB 9647 19 506 M Rax 471 19 gals. RB 9650 20 307 M Rex 471 19 gals. RC 0733 17 308 M Rex 471 19 gals. RC 0734 19 309 M Rex 471 19 gals. RC 0735 20 310 M Rex 471 19 gals. RC 0736 21 23.2 23.4 21 21.6 19 22 21.4 24 6 tt 37 It 6 tf 42 fl 4 ft 35 n 5 n 55 ti 5 ti 35 i 4 ti 35 n 4 !t 35 ti 4 11 35 it it n n n h n it it it n Good - * n it ti No wrinkling. Fair gloss. i n it R n it it it it rt 11 11 it ti ti 19 ti n n n n ri tr it Cont. #97 - Cont. 0007-SW Paint Research October, 1948 -11- #97 - Cont. ^ Drying Teats (Clear Films) Batch 200 M 201 M 202 M Oil (1273) P.P.G. 500 Soya AVM 42 Set-to-touch 12 hr, 55 min. 9 " 37 " 9 40 " Over Night Drying Fair Very good Good (3316), the 80? soybean/20? tung bodied oil which was used in SUP has been criticised for dirt collection tendencies, particularly when dried under unfavorable conditions. The tung oil makes the film vulnerable to surface wrinkling and dulling. The Resin Research Depart ment submitted a number of oils largely of a composition 65? soybean/ 35? tung fox evaluation in SUP to observe whether any improvements could be made. The oils include: Samnle RB 9646 RB 9647 RB 9650 RB 0733 Composition 65? (1273) 35? (140) t! II If Additive Hone 0.1$ Zn 0.05? Zn 0.1? Vultac n Mz Z, z, z, Acid Value 2.9 3.1 4.6 4.6 RB 0734 RB 0735 RB 0736 RB 0759 It n n 80? (1273) 20? (140) 0.05? Vultac #2 0.05? Thiofide 0.025? Thiofide None - Regular (3316) ^2 z2 Za z2 4.3 4.6 4.8 2.9 RB 0740 RB 0741 n tt As RC &739 but 0.03? 1128 dry in cook. Color dark. As RC 0740 but C02 blow, no S02. Z, ~ Z2 Z i - z2 2.S 4.0 The paints made with these oils wore checked for -iscosity, bnshing, flow, gloss and wrinkling tendencies, with the fo! o-'ing results. 0007-SWP-044504 0007-SWP-000113874 Paint Research October, 194B -10- #97 - SVJP 471 Page 21 of the Paint Research Report for August, 1948, out lined a series of tests being made to study the moisture resistance of several paint systems, The comparative moisture permeabilities on these paint systems are reported below: Permeability Grams per 22 Hours Rex 15 Lead-in-Oil - 3 coats ,05 27 Rex 450 - Rex 471 system ,0546 Rex 471 - Rex 471 self-prime .0735* Rex 436 - Rex 436 self-prime .0589 RB 2376-RB 2376 du Pont Moisture Resistant Paint self-prime.0584 Rex 45000 - Rex 45000 Kem Bulletin White self-prime .1005* Rex 471 - Rex 471 <to0 PVC self-prime tl n 46? n IT n ri 50? tt It rt n 55? tt tt tt ft 60? n tt ft it 65? n n .0592 .0537 .0573 .0502 .0772 .1156 *These values appear to be.in error and are being repeated. The Vegetable Products Research Laboratory sutraitted a quart sample of AVM 42 prepared by the "Directed Ester Inter-Change" process referred to in patents recently granted to Proctor and Gamble for the treatment of oils. The oil was compared with Pittsburgh's #500 selected soya and (1273) in the clear for set-to-touch and over night drying characteristics. (543) and (4230) were used as driers at the same metal content as Rex 471. 0007-SWP-044505 0007-SWP-000113875 Paint Research September, 1948 -10- #97 - Cent. SUP Gloss White Batch Drier Set-to-touch Over Nieht Color OJ 234 M (4230) 6 hr. 25 min. (543) Good Good OJ 235 M RC 0258 4 " 10 " Very good Poor OJ 256 M RC 0259 3 55 " Very good Poor Kea Namel Snov White OJ 237 M (4230) (4231) (4232) 3 hi'. 50 min. Good OJ 238 M RC 0255 1 " 50 " Very good OJ 239 M RC 0256 1 " 30 " Very good Good Poor Poor Enameloid White OJ 240 M (4230) (4231) (4232) 1 hr, 50 min. Very good OJ 241 M RC 0253 1 " 35 " Very good OJ 242 M RC 0254 1 " 45 ' Very good Good Poor Poor 0007-SWP-044506 0007-SWP-000113876 Paint Research September, 1948 -9- #97 - SWF 471 Panels prepared for exposure included the following groups; 1. 13162-9 CS, CK and F. SWF Gloss White and Colonial Yellow tint, using at the bodied oil portion of the binder (310) all linseed, (48), 50/50/20 linseed/scya/chinawood oil, and (3316) 30/20 soya,/ chinawood. Exposures south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical Florida. These panels were painted over a tempera ture range from 70 to 87 F., with relative humidities from 375 to 45?. The same paints will be applied under less favorable con ditions and exposed late this fall to observe effects of variations in drying conditions. 2. 131SC-2 CS, CN and F. SWF Gloss White regular and a special using hexane extracted linseed oil to replace the regular (2) raw linseed oil. The usual 19 gallons of bodied oil was used, in this case as (310). Exposures south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical Florida. 3. 15146-13149 CS, CN and F. SWF tint base versus a duplication of Dutch Boy 124 Buff pigmentation, tinted with identical tinting colors. In the 1947 series National's 124 Buff was definitely superior to the SWF tint base shaded to the 124 Buff shade. This new set was prepared to determine whether this superiority was due to the tint base pigmentation or to the use of better tinting colors. Exposures south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical Florida. 4. 13183-96 CS, CN and F. SWF Gloss White and Berkely Yellow compar ing regular receipts of International's 3 X Asbestine with their micronized talc CU 2679, using laboratory batches of paint. Also a supplementary group which includes both Vhite and Colonial Yellow using factory pastes reduced in the laboratory, in which 20 F, the combination of 2203 and 2201, and Nytal 300 were used, respectively, as the extenders. Exposures south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical Florida. Special driers RC 0253, RC 0264, RC 0265, RC 0256, RC 0268, and RC 0259 were submitted ty the Resin Research Department for evalua tion against the regular metallic driers in SWP, Enamoloid and Kem Mar.si Snow White Gloss. The special driers gave faster drying than the regular metallic driers in SWP and Kem Narael Snow White Gloss and equivalent dry ing in Enameloid White. They produced considerable staining and dis coloration in all the formulations. An improvement should be made in the color and odor of these driers. 0007-SWP-044507 0007-SWP-000113877 Paint Research August, 1948 -23#178 - Studies of Dark Colored House Paints National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association Scientific Section Circular 720 describes work on metal phenolates as anti-oxidants in dried films. This followed a study fcy Dr. L. L. Carrick and associates of confiscated patent 1,842,207. A sample of clear vehicle of 100JS solids as used in Rex 493 Woodland Brown was treated with 1% copper phenolate. The treated and untreated binders were drawn down on glass, air dried for one week, and placed in the arc cabinet. After 2689 hours, the untreated vehicle has very dull gloss and considerable disintegration of the film has occurred. The treated vehicle still has good gloss and no film fail ure visible to the eye. Panels 12984 - 90 CS, CN and F were prepared for exposure south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical in Florida using SWP Woodland Brown regular, also specials using 1 and 2J5 copper phenolate based on the vehicle eolids. In addition paints were formulated with copper hydroxynaphthenate with a copper content equivalent to 25 pounds of cuprous oxide and also with half that copper content. The regular formula carries 25 pounds of 89 diy. A special was included omitting the copper oxide. (See Monthly Report February, 1948, page 19.) 0007-SWP-044508 0007-SWP-000113878 Paint Research August, 1948 -22- H7 - Cent. The following series of paints were prepared for subsequent exposure: 1. In the 1947 series Dutch Boy 124 Buff was definitely better in tint retention than the corresponding SWP tint. Paints were prepared coopering the Dutch Bey and the S-W plantation, using lead-free zinc oxide as well as co-fumed leaded zinc. The paints were all shaded with BY 10, HT 20 and BO 30. Exposures will be at Chicago south and north vertical and south vertical at Miami. 2. Due to potentially lower prieos for soybean oil it w bb decided to repeat comparisons of SUP node with all linseed versus linseed-CVOsoybean combinations such as (3316) and (48). (310), (3316) and (48) were used in the regular amounts in both Rex 471 White and Rex 465 Colonial Yellow. The exposure panels will be prepared both during favorable summer drying conditions and late in the fall at lower temperatures. 3. The Northern Regional Research Laboratory has suggested the use of dry calcium oxide ground into paints to accelerate drying. SUP Gloss White batches were prepared based on the following binders: (a) all linseed, (b) 60$ linseed, 32$ soybean, 8$ chinawood, and (e) 92$ soybean and 8$ chinawood. The paints were formulated with 4$ CaO on the vehicle solids and 4$ on the pigment ty weight. There was no improvement in set-to-touch time and somewhat slower through drying except in the case qf the 92$ soybean-8$ chinawood paint where set-to-touch was accelerated slightly. The paints will be exposed at Chicago. Panels 13003-19 CS, CM and T were prepared for exposure south and north vertical at Chicago end Bouth vertical at Miami. The paints include both Rex 471 SWP Gloss White and Rax 493 Woodland Brown using polyallyl esters of soybean and linseed oils. The Monthly Report, for November, 1947 discussed the initial tests with experimental data. The polyallyl ester paints dried wall with little after-tack but the Woodland Brown 100$ polyallyl ester paints showed tendencies to wrinkle. In the current teste the polyallyl ester contents have been reduced to 10 to 15 gallons per 100 gallons of paint. 0007-SWP-044509 Paint Research August, 1948 -21- #97 - Cent. Iodine No. Acid Value Extracted Linseed 176.7 3.8 Stock. Sample (2) 179.1 3.22 The two paints were similar in brushing, flow, drying and gloss. The solvent extracted oil produced a somewhat thinner paint. Exposures will be made at Chicago north and south and Florida south only. Raw Oil Batch Used Viscosity #3 Qrrinic Fresh O'Nite Set-to-touch O'Nite Brush Flow Gloss 102 M (2) 26" 52" 7 hr. 43 min. Good Good Good Good 103 M Extracted 20" 21" Linseed 7 hr. 53 min. Good Good Good Good The permeabilities of draw-down films of pre-war SWP Gloss White and current Rex 471 were determined by the electrical resistance method. Both films were found to be substantially equal in permeability, having a resistance of 1200 ohms each. Another test on these samples will be run ty the moisture-permeability method. A series of testa was started to explore the problem of formu lating house paints which will tolerate some moisture within the surface on which they are applied without showing blistering and peeling. The east-west exposure fence at the Chicago farm has been remodeled to carry moisture within the wall. The following exposure comparisons are being made. West Face of Fence 1. Lead-in-Oil - 3 coats. 2. Rex 450 - Rex 471 system. 3. Rex 471 - Rex 471self-primed. 4. Rax 456 - Rox 436 " " . 5. RB 2376 - RB 2376 du Pont Moisture Resistant Paintself-primed. 6. Rex45000 - Rex 45000 Kern Bulletin Whiteself-primed. 7. Rex 471 - Rex -171 36% FVC self-primed. 8. Ditto 45% 9. tt 50% 10. ?1 55% 11. (1 60% IV n 12. It 65% IV 0007-SWP-044510 0007-SWP-000113880 Paint Research August, 1948 -20- #97 - Cont. As indicated by these data, we were unable to obtain the stand ard viscosity or weight per gallon with raw materials sent from Gibbsboro. In our laboratory work we could not detect any manganese float on any of the tests made with Gibbsboro or Chicago raw materials. The quart sample of Gibbsboro Hex 450 production dated F 2168, in which the manganese was replaced with calcium, was found to be more tacky after drying over night than the laboratory batch made with the regular amount of manganese. The initial results indicate that further work must be done on this problem. A new supply of Gibbsboro raw materials has been requested together with a copy of the formulation and a break-down of liquids such as FV 74 which are being used in their production. Semples of our raw materials have also been sent to Gibbsboro for their inspection. In further work along similar lines an effort was made to asso ciate drier composition, drier source, and oil composition with manganese float and drying efficiency. House paints were made using lead, manganese, cobalt and calcium driers from regular suppliers. Tests were made both with single driers and combinations of driers. A total of eight manganese compounds were tested, consisting of naphthenates, Octoates and Hexoates. The bodied oils used were (510), (48) and (5316). None of the paints prepared exhibited manganese float. Between the three oils tested the mass of evidence 3hoye (3316) to dxy to touch most readily with the (310) averaging 5 slower and (48) about 1556 slower. All of these materials dried well over night and there is little differ ence after one week. It has been suggested that lead pigments and possibly leaded sines promote the diying of house paints even whan lead driers are used. To investigate this possibility paints were made based on Rex 436 - SWP Fume Resisting White. Zinc oxide substitutions were made in the above using 414 and 412 dry leaded zincs as well as a secondary series which was made including 50 pounds of baBie carbonate white lead in each pig mentation. Two drier combinations were used: (a) the conventional Rax 436 drier blend and (b) the Rex 471 drier combination. Set-to-touch and over night dry indicate that 414 does not promote drying tut that 412 does. The Rex 436 drier combination generally is faster than the Rex 471 in set-to-touch tests but all were very close over night. Active lead pigment such as basic carbonate white lead pro motes the drying of paint oven in the presence of lecd driers. Storage tests will be made and the diying checked after six months. The Linseed Oil Mill has submitted a sample of solvent extracted linseed oil for evaluation in SWP. The extracted oil was compared with regular raw linseed oil in SWP Gloss White, fornula of 4-19-48. 0007-SWP-044511 0007-SWP-000113881 Paint Research August, 1948 -19- #97 - Cont. The tendency towards settling observed in the institutional house paints has pronpted a study of the manner in which this character istic might he affected fcy the addition of suspension or wetting agents. Test batches of Rex 471 SWP Gloss White were prepared using the formula of Card #49 and adding 6 pounds CV (2343) Acto 450, 6 pounds 2270 dry lecithin, and 5 pounds 1826 dry calcium stearate per 100 gallons, re spectively. The samples were packaged in one gallon containers and placed in storage. The cans were examined after 30 days using the spatula method. The control or agent-free material showed considerably more settling than any of the agent fortified samples. There were no observable dif ferences in the extent of settling between the various agent treated batches, but the degree of thixotropy near the surface of the pigment pack was greatest with calcium stearate in the batch. This should trans late itself into relatively better suspension for thi3 sample with con tinued ageing. Its effect upon the viscosity was not determined in this observation as the inspections were mode carefully so as not to disturb the package at this time. A second settling test series va3 set up for Porch and floor Enamel - Rex 155. In this the effect of Acto 450 CV (2343) is being checked against the control material as formulated on Card #2, 3-5-47. The 30-day inspection of these materials showed considerable soft settled material with a slight advantage gained through the use of CW (2343). The extent of settling was not objectionable in either case. Work is under way to determine tha reason for the"manganese float" on Gibbaboro production of SWP and 450 Undercoater. Two sets of experimental paints were prepared, one based on Gibbaboro raw materials and the othor on Chicago raw materials. In each case three variations were made in each basic formula as follows: Viscosity #5 Rex 450 - Card No. 26 Manganese Drier Vt./Gal. Fresh 3 Days Color 124 M 125 M 126 M 127 M 128 M 129 M Laboratory Raw Mat'Is (543) rt It it (543) ir n it (4231) Gibbsboro n it (543) w it tt (543) ft it rt (4231) Chicago Gibbaboro Chicago Gibbsboro Chicago Chicago 14.58 14.40 14.39 14.60 14.62 14.62 15" 15" 15" 42" + 42" + 40" + 21.4" 21.4" 21.4" 35" 36" 35" 5td. n rt it H r 0007-SWP-044512 * 0007-SWP-000113882 * Material SWP House Point White - Rex 471 (Cont.) Brushing Hiding* Flow Gloss Drying 75 F. - 463 R. H.................... Set-to-touch Through Dry Color Rex 471 - 0 1338 B Good Rex 471 - C 1398 Very good Rex 471 - T 1598 Good Rex 471 - P 1408 Good Rex 471 - tf 1598 Good Rex 471 - E - A 1428 Very good Acme - 122 0. S. White 1 A 122 - C 058 A Good Love Bros. 328 O.S.White Good 3 B 868 - 328 Martin-Scnour 100 0. S. Easy White - 100 M 1488 2nd 3rd 3rd 2nd 4 th 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd Good - Very good 6 hr. 20 tain. Very good Very good 7 hr. - Very short Fair - 6 hr. - Good - Very good 5 hr. 35 min. Very good Very good 8 hr. 30 min. Very good Very good 6 hr. 55 min. Short Fair 6 hr. 10 min. Good Good - 5 hr. 10 min. Very good Good 5 hr. 45 min. Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good . Good Good Good Good P o in t Research August, 1948 Lawrence - 35 0. S. White - 32937 - 35 Easy Lucas - TG - 0. S. Vhite Easy TC 260 - 5 F 1618 1st Good Good -- Over 8 hro. 4 th Very good Very good 6 hr. 55 min. Good Good Very good Very good *A11 were close In hiding, 0007-SW Material SVfP House Paint White - Rex 471 Package Cond. Settling Stirring Odor Viscosity #3 Orif. Consistency Grind Wt./Gal. S-W Cup Rex 471 - 0 1338 B Rex 471 - C 1398 Rex 471 - T 1598 Rex 471 - P 1-108 5-12-48 Good Slight + Easy** Normal Normal 3 H 14.7 31.2" 5-18-48 Good Slight + Easy** Normal Normal 2 H 14.6 55.5" 6-7-48 Good Slight + Easy** Normal Normal 2 H 14.57 58.2" 5-19-48 Good - Slight* + Easy** Normal Normal 2 H 14.90 55.0" Rather firm P aint Research August, 1948 Rex 471 - N 1598 6-7-48 Good Slight + Easy Normal Normal 2 H 14.65 42.0" i1 Rex 4 71 - E - A 1428 5-21-48 Good Slight + Easy Normal Normal 2 H 14.80 48.0" Acme - 122 Outside White 3-25-48 1 A 122 - C 858 A Lowe Bros. 328 O.S.White 5-26--48 5 B 868 - 328 Martin-Senour 100 0. S. 5-27--48 White - 100 M 1488 Good Very Blight Easy Good - Slight* + Easy** Rather firm Good Very Easy Normal Normal Normal Normal 2 H 14.78 Normal 1-1/2 a 14.92 Normal 2-1/2 H 14.75 31.4" 33.2" 32.6" Lawrence - 35 0. S. White 32937 - 35 Lucas - TG - 0. S. White TG 260 - 5 T 1618 Good Trace Good Slight Very Perilla Oil Slightly 2-1/2 H easy Odor thin Easy Normal Normal 2H 16.05 14.86 22.0" 33.6" i Snail amount of hard settling. Broke up slightly lumpy r> ti Hi. 0007-SW Paint Research August, 1948 -16- #97 - SWP 471 Institutional House Paint Survey Samples of SWP Gloss White were obtained from our various plants for evaluation for general performance. The paints were checked for such properties as package condition, degree of settling, ease of stirring, odor, consistency, grind, weight per gallon, etc. The brush ing tests were run on beveled siding panels that had been primed pre viously with SWP 450 Undercoater. After application of the various house paints, the panels were inspected immediately for flow and sagging tendencies. All hiding determinations were made on contrast sheets. The white house paints were spread at 500 square feat to the gallon. As indicated in the chart, all samples were found to be quite satisfactory in general and representative of standard production. How ever, there was a noticeable tendency to develop a small amount of firm to hard settling that broke up slightly lumpy. The Lawrence #55 Outside White was slightly slow in set-to-touch time, but was superior in bright ness to the other production samples. The Chicago, Cleveland and Newark samples were somewhat high in viscosity. Chart follows. 0007-SWP-044515 -3- Group 3. I'nsstisfeotory 306 Barytes (but dirt and fade not 566 Mineral 'Ihiting (ditto; also fair at 50J5J. (^3) Aluminum Flake $5. - 1Z46 Soapstone. (Very dirty color, aotual performance fair to goody. 1822 Tala Dust (ditto) e'i (1) 2203 definitely poorer in durability at Coffeyville. Might oonsider for . Group 2 (a) . (2) Metronite BXXXX should be noted as showing up especially well at Florida, two years white only. (3) 2500 definitely poor at CoffeyVille, both color and durability. (4) Atomite reversed, Coffeyville as against Chicago. IXirability OK, but color poor. (5) Silica smoke doflnitely OK in all respects at Coffeyville, Might consider for Group 1. (6) "R" York Limestone definitely hotter than Leaemito at Coffeyville. Tends to bo dirty. (7) "a " York Limestone, ditto, but slightly leas dirt tendency. (B) 2077 entirely OK at Coffeyville, both appearance and durability. (9) 213 definitely poor at Coffeyville in all respects, might consider for Group 3. (10) 599 reversed at Coffeyville as against Chioago, appearance (including tints) not bad, but durability definitely poor. (11) 1989 tint-retention and olean-up OK at Coffeyville, might oonsider for Group 1. (12) 1194 definitely poor at Coffeyvilla, oheok and erack. Tint retention OK. (13) S66 definitely batter rating than "Croup 3" at Coffeyvilla. Average or slightly bettor. s KBH J. 'T. Chapin Paint Reaearoh Dept. 0007-SWP-044516 0007-SWP-000113886 JUL 16 1948 If Speoial Report on Extenders in House Faints Various Exposures from 7775 to 10618 CS July 8, 1948 Introduction In the Report of Investigation* for December, 1946, Mr. Jagd pre sented a listing of all inerts -which we hare tested in SWF formulas on out door exposure, classifying them as satisfactory, partially satisfactory and unsatisfactory for SW use. This account wag the result of a study under taken because of the shortage of extender pigments in view of the 194S empha sis on SWF produet ion. It wee decided that this method of presentation of results woulif, in general, serve very well for the present report on these extender tests at approximately one additional year of exposure. However, certain details will have to be added in order to make this^ report serve the purpose of the usual progress reports on individual series of panels. - Rather than considering all extenders which ws have ever tested, this report goes baok to about March, 1944; whan a comprehensive tset ser ies set the pattern for many subaequent tests. In general, these series are tested on beveled cedar siding, 2-ooat work, with Sx 460 Underooater tinted gray under the whites and white under the tints, to emphasise ero sion. The panels are exposed at Chicago, north and aouth vertioal. Prac tically all series oan* 1st of two parallel sets of paints, ons on the pre war vehicle basis and the other bodied oil. Most aeries o ontain SWP Gloss White, Colonial fellow and Slats formulas, with the various extenders sub stituted for the usual magnesium silicate on a volume baais unless otherwise apeolfiad. It is now recognised that this is not as reliable as substitution oq equal binder requirements. 17 months is the minimum exposure time (two summers); 46 months the maxima* to date. All panels oontima* on exposure. Most of the tests are exposed also at Coffsyvllle, vertical aouth, and same at Florida. Whenever the results agree with those at Chieago, no particular oosMnt is mads. Thus, two assumptions mty- bs made by those who scan the classification lists belove 1. The Chloage tests are considered bssio (because both north and aouth exposures sre avs liable, and because we have actually watohsd the progress of thsss panels}. 2. All items listed without footnote or spools 1 ooasaent are "doubly sure", because they are haaed an oonourring results from two loca tions. It should be emphasised that erosion is the type of failure usually predoaiinaat at Chieago, while oheoklng and cracking are much more characteristlo of Coffeyville and Florida. Tfo regret having to complicate the listing by adding footnotes and ocements, but this is snide imperative by the wide variety in exposure condi tions, ato . This also helps greatly in -smkiag this serve the purpose of the usual progress report for our laboratory use. O' * V* 0007-SWP-044517 0007-SWP-000113887 1948 ;5 Inspection Trip' Exposures - National Lead Company Titanium Pigment Corporation du Pont Pigment Division June 7, 8, 9, 1948 General Statement On June 7, 8 and 9 Mr. E. W. Fasig and the writer again reviewed the various panel and/or house tests of the National Lead Company (basic silicate white lead exposures only) and the Titanium Pigment Corporation at-Sayville, Long Island, and the du Pont Pigment Division at Wilmington, Delaware. In general, no outstanding new ^developments were observed* A considerable portion of the inspections consisted of review of progress of exposures which had been checked over previous years. For this reason, details will be omitted in some cases where reference to earlier reports will give necessary background data. Certain general statements may be made: 1. There still are no indications of any new white pigments in the paint field or of any unusual methods of formulation not already under ob servation in our own exposures. 2. Each year the preference for the bodied oil type of house paint formu lation becomes established more definitely, although some differences in opinion may appear as to the proportion and degree of polymerisa tion of the bodied oil content. General better clean-up and greater mildew resistance of bodied oil formulas are definitely established. Current moves by some manufacturers from 3.78 to 4.23 pounds of oil per gallon seem to arise from a desire to meet our gloss rather than any deficiencies in durability. 3. The tendency of rutile titanium pigments, especially the most free chalking types such as R-200 or RA-10 MO, to show a yellowish dis coloration in a white chalking paint is now recognised generally, and their use in white house paints is not recommended. The yellow ing is more evident on paints with calcium carbonate extenders than with magnesium silicate, and is aggravated on 45 south exposures. It is claimed that rutile calcium pigments such as RC HT do not shew this yellow discoloration. 4. Rutile titanium calcium pigments of the more free chalking type such as Titanox RC HT still show more dirt collection than would be desirahle for a white house paint. Tho use of some anatase pigment improves the situation but does not entirely correct it. 5. Titanium Pigment Corporation has withdrawn any previous recommenda tions for low p.v.c. house paints which contain no extender, and in which the vehicle is neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Such paints eventually show slit cracking and tendencies to peel. They still are considering low p.v.c. paints which contain some extender, with at least a portion of the vehicle MgO - CaO neutralized bodied oil. 0007-SWP-044519 0007-SWP-000113888 -2- 6. Robertson, of Titanium Pigment Corporation, favors higher titanium oxide contents, up to 20$, and prefers slower chalking Titanox AA or mininuB blends of Titanox A with AA commensurate with ideas of clean-up required. Low basic carbonate white lead contents should be used, as high carbonate contents tend to keep the paint plastic and increase dirt collection. One objection which may be raised against high Ti02 paints is that high opacity may encourage the painter to brush out the paint top far and reduce the durability through application of too thin films. 7. du Pont 3till does not recommend calcium carbonate extenders fop white paints. For tints the dry =grcund R. E. Carroll York Uhit* is preferred, and usually replaces other extenders at equal oil' demands, although alternate approaches are under test. 8. du Pont's teBts on the use of chalk resisting titanium oxides in priming coats are very interesting and should be watched carefully. A move towards more chalk resistant Ti03, specifically R-610 or RA NC, would seem indicated when the supply situation permits. National Lead Company - Savvilla. Long Island. Mew York Only the exposures involving basic silicate white lead were examined on this trip. Panels exposed south vertical for five years, three coats self-primed on cedar show 100$ basic silicate white lead in oil as having a trifle less cheeking than the conventional basic carbonate white lead in oil. Both are gray in cast and have not cleaned up. In mixed pigment paints exposed for the same period, a 55$ basic carbonate white lead, 15$ Titanox A, 20$ zinc oxide and 10$ magnesium silicate paint is dean but checked. When basic silicate replaces basic carbonate at equal volume, leaving the other poundages the same, the silicate paint shows a trifle less checking, but both are checked. In the 100$ straight pigment paints exposed north the basic silicate paint (at equal pigment volume) is grayer than the carbonate, showing slightly slower chalking tendencies. This is also evident on similar paints exposed for 1-1/2 years. There i3 considerable cracking and peeling of the mixed pigment paints on the north side of the fence after five years' exposure, definitely less with the basic silicate paint. However, the basic silicate paint looks deficient in hiding power and has more mildew than the carbonate paint. National now rates basic silicate white lead approximately equal in opacity to Old Dutch white lead, so that equal volume replacement results in some drop in hiding for the paints with basic silicate. Straight pigment paints after 2-1/2 years' exposure comparing basic carbonate white lead with lead sulfate (10 and 20$ PbO) and with basic silicate white lead favor the silicate. The sulfate paint shows more peeling and the 10$ PbO sample looks thin. 0007-SWP-044520 0007-SWP-000113889 -3- Replacing basic carbonate white lead with basic silicate ip T.P.C.'s MW-401 exterior primer showed substantially equal porformapca after 2-1/2 years. Note these panels were painted around November and therefore have actually had two summers of weathering. In TT-P-25 Paint: Exterior-Primer using 25% basic carbonate and 25% basic sulfate white lead, - the replacement fcy volume with bapic silicate of (a) the 3ulfate or (2) all the white lead did not affect thb performance up to 2-1/2 years. In another series out -1/2 years self-primed, a paint with 45% leaded zinc, 20% basic carbonate, 15% Titanox A and 20% magnesium silicate, basic silicate replacing the basic sulfate white lead and part of the zinc oxide and using XX 50 zinc oxide at 29.5% p.v.c., is in good condition after 2-1/2 years. The same is true when additional silicate replaces the BCWL. If nbre basic silicate is added up to equal cost there is a trifle more checking and peeling as if too much active pigment were present. This is more apparent an the north than on the south. National rates basic silicate approximately equal to basic carbonate in reactivity, and feels that at high lead contents the zinc oxide should be reduced to keep the film from becoming toq hard. National thinks the order would be something like 1% zinc oroide for 2% or 3% basic carbonate or silicate white lead. Basic silicate was used in a gray house paint with a control pigmentation of 45% leaded zinc, 20% basic carbonate white load, 10% Titanox RA NC, 25% magnesium silicate. Exposures have run 2-1/2 years to date. Replacements were (1) 45 X basic silicate for lead sulfate at equal volume, (2) for sulfate plus some zinc oxide, (5) for carbonate and sulfate plus same zinc oxide, and (4) additional 45 X to equal the original coat, displacing magnesium silicate. Tint retention drops off slightly where basic silicate is used and some cracking has developed on Group 2 and 4 woods. Other exposures after 1-1/2 years using replace ment methods (2) and (5) indicate that the total activity should be raised in the interests of tint retention, but this might also increase tendencies towards film failures due to excessive hardness. In general, the National lead exposures are not well executed and frequently show rather unusual failures which detracts from confi dence in their results. The scope of tests covering use of basic sili cate in conventionally fomulated house paints is too limited to permit acceptance of their recommendations for its use in large volume sales of house paints, without prolonged testing of our own. 0007-SWP-044521 0007-SWP-000113890 Titanium Pipmgnt-. Corporation - Sayville, Lone Island, Key York (:a) Basic Silicate White Lead Series . Titanium Pigment's exposures of basic silicate white lead include Series 7953-60, exposed for almost three years. A typical 15;', Ti02 (Titanox A.or RA-10 M0)/46? 35/65 leaded zincA^ BCrfL/20? magnesium silicate formu lation was revised to include replacements ty basic silicate for (1) basic sulfate white lead only, (2) basic carbonate only, (3) both sulfate and carbonate. The paints have the pre-war type binder with 29? p.v.c. There is less cracking when basic silicate replaces the sulfate, still better when the carbonate or both the carbonate and sulfate are replaced. When the control paint is used over MW-401 primer in which basic silicate re places BCWL, the paint does not seem to wear away quite as fast as over the regular MW-401, f bi Decreasing Active Pigment Series The composition of this series has been briefed in previous re ports but is repeated here because again there are definite developments. This series was started at Dr. Holley's suggestion that tests be made to see how much extender could be introduced before durability is affected seriously. The paints were first applied in 1941 and each year since, three coats self-primed on cedar and white pine. The compositions of the paints are as follows: Pigmentation 15? Titanox AA - 46.0? leaded zinc - 19.0? BCWL - 20? Asbestine (30? ZnO) 15? Titanox AA- 42.0? leaded zinc - 17.5? BCWL - 25.5? Asbestine (7.5? ZnO) 15? Titanox AA- 58.5? leaded zinc - 15.7? BCWL - 30.8? Asbestine (25? ZnO) 15? Titanox AA- 34.6? leaded zinc - 14.7? BCWL - 35.7? Asbestine (22.5? ZnO) 15? Titanox AA- 30.8? leaded zinc - 12.6? BCWL - 41.6? Asbestine (20? ZnO) 10? Titanox AA- 50.8? leaded zinc - 12.6? BCWL - 49.6? Asbestine (20? ZnO) Vehicle 94? Refined linseed oil - 6? Za Bodied linseed oil. 65? MVM FVC - 29? This series, still in good condition after seven years, again shows an advantage for lower zinc oxide content at high extender levels. (Mote conflict with National Lead theories.) The 25? zinc oxide paint is in the best condition, followed closely by that containing 22.5? zinc oxide. All show scans cracking, starting with slight at 30? zinc oxide, going through a minimum at 25?, increasing again and accompanied by erosion and checking at the highest extender levels. The last two paints become almost transparent in wet weather. The same paints tinted show about the same sequence after seven years' exposure, with the last two at 20? zinc oxide content being inferior. 0007-SNP-044522 -5- Proprietary paints exposed for the same period include SWF and Lowe Brothers High Standard, both in good condition. Montgomery Ward's paint, which evidently had very good flow, is perhaps best, du Pout's "Ti-Sil" paint is eroded, checked and cracked. The same series exposed in 1944 and now four years old, com pares 152 Titanox A with AA, and always favor AA. This is consistent with all experience showing durability improving as the chalking of the TiOj is retarded. All the paints except the 152 Titanox AA paints at 22.52 and 202 zinc oxide show some cracking, with erosion developing at the high extender levels. There is as much erosion on the north vertical exposures as on the south. A similar series, exposed in 1946, repeats the same compositions but varies the titanium oxide as follows: (1) 202 Titanox A 168, (2) 152 Titanox A, (3) 152 Titanox RA 10, and (4) 102 Titanox RA 10 and 52 Titanox A. 152 Titanox RA 10 develops some yellow cast and collects some dirt, both of which are reduced by the use of 52 Titanox A. The last combination used in a paint of 332 p.v.c. with 4.25 pounds oil of which 252 is bodied oil pro duces a smoother film and is a trifle cloanor than the high oil formula. (cl Grades of "Titanox" Pigments This is a new series put out. in 1947, three coats self-primed on cedar and white pine. The fundamental pigmentation is 152 TiOa 462 leaded zinc - 192 BCWL - 20S magnesium silicate at 292 p.v.c. in the full oil vehicle. The titanium oxides are respectively (1) A 24, (2) AA, (3) A 168, (4) A regular, (5) RA NC, (6) RA 25, (7) RA and (8) RA 10. Titanox A is cleanest both south and north. Of the remaining anatase oxides, the order af increasing grayness is A 168, AA and A 24. RA 10 is the cleanest of the rutile oxides, not equal to A regular, followed by RA, HA 25, with RA NC showing most dirt collection. (d) Rutile Calcium Paints This group of exposures, also described previously, includes a series put out in June, 1943 , 3 coats aelf-primed on cedar and white pine. The pigmentations include: (1) 502 leaded zinc - 502 Titanox RC (2) " " " - 252 " -252 Titanox RC HT (3) " " " - 12.52 " - 37.52 " (4) " " ' - 502 Titanox RC HT (5) " " " - 352 Titanox RC - 52 Titanox A168 - 102 magnesium silicate (5) cleans up to some extent and has leas yellow cast than (1), while (4) with 502 HC HT does not clean up, although it is better than the others in the group. All show some erosion and (2) and (3) some cracking. These are all high oil formulas at 292 p.v.c. 0007-SWP-044523 0007-SWP-000113892 --6-- In 1946, a scries was exposed using the following pigmentation patterns: . (1) 505b leaded sine - 50* titanium calcium (2) 4Op leaded zinc - 5055 titanium calcium - 10* magnesium silica to (3) 40% leaded zinc - 40* titanium calcium - 2015 magnesium silicate (4) 25* zinc oxide - 50* titanium calcium - 2555 magnesium silicato . The titanium calcium pigaent was varied as follows: A. 50/50 Titanox RE/ RC HT B. 100* Titanox RC HT C. 50/50 Titanox RC HT/Anatase Titanium Calcium The "C" paints are always cleanest. All are quite good south vertical, bit the "A" and "B" types show spotty clean-up on north exposure. Pigmentations (1)C and (2)C are preferred. (el Tint Base Paints A series of gray tints put out in 1947, three coats self-primed, on cedar and white pine, is reported for future reference. The pigmenta tions are: (1) 40* Titanox HC - 30* leaded zinc - 30* magnesium silicate (2) 50* tr - 35* zinc oxide - 15* " " (3) 40* ft - 30* " " - 30* " " (4) 40* n - 35* " - 25* " " (5) 50* ii - 40* leaded zinc - 10* calcium carbonate (6) 50* n - 40* " " - 10* calcium sulfate (7) 40* ~ 30* zinc oxide - 30* calcium carbonate (8) 40* - 30* " " - 30* calcium sulfate The paints are ground with the full oil vehicle, 85* If.V.K. and 29* p.v.c. After one year's exposure the magnesium silicate paints show slight streaking, the calcium sulfate and carbonate paints having slightly better tint retention, with the sulfate paints showing slightly more streaking. (f) High Pigment Volume Paints This series, also put out in June, 1947, is also described in detail for future reference. The paints were formulated as follows: 0007-SWP-044524 0007-SWP-000113893 -7- (1) 35? loaded cine - 35? Titanox RC HT - 30? magnesium silicate Vehicle: 75? refined linseed oil - 25? 2S bodied linseed oil 77? N.V.M. 33? P.V.C. (2) 35? leaded sine - 35? Titanox RC HT - 30? Natural Whiting (3) 33? Tl " - 12? Titanox A - 55? " It U) 35? (1 " - 35? Titanox JtC HT to 1 11 (5) 33? (I 11 - 12? Titanox A - 55? " n 40? p.v.e. 40? p.v.e. 45? p.v.e. 45? p.v.e. Vehicle: 50? refined linseed oil - 30? Z+ bodied linseed oil 0? Magnesia oil. 65$ rf.V.M. On south exposure, (1) shows some dirt, (2) is smoother but shows dirt collection, (3) is cleaner, (4) shows a trifle less dirt collection than (2), and (5} is the cleanest of the carbonate paints. On the north (2) is definitely dirty. (3) is cleaner and brighter, (4) shows streaky dirt collection, and (5) is cleaner with slight streaking. (e) Low Pigment Volume Paints A new series of low p.v.e. paints was put out in 1947, one finish coat over MU-401 primer, on cedar and yellow pine. The pigmentations are: (1) EX-5121. 30? Titanox A - 20? zinc oxide - SO? BOWL - 20? Titanox RC HT (2) EX-5051. 35? It - 20? - 35? " - 10? magnesium sil. (3) EX-5052. 40? tl - 2 " ' - 30? " - 10? " " (4) EX-5053. 50? If - 20? 11 n - 20? " - 10? i: The vehicle is: 45? Alkali Refined Linseed Oil 30? Calcicoater Vehicle 25? Magnesia Oil 55? N.V.M. 21? P.V.C. 0007-SWP-044525 0007-SWP-000113894 -8- The use of inert is a change from earlier formulations. It retards -he slightly excessive flow of previous low p.v.c. paints and is intended to reduce tendencies towards slit cracking. On 45 exposure low p.v.c. paints with no inerts, such as EX-4208 and 4508, described in previous reports, show severe cracking, much worse in the former. It is obvious that low p.v.c. paints have not shown up well so., far. However, at one year, the above paints are very smooth and clean both south and north, and will be Watched closely. (h) Lead Free Paints This series was put out in 1943, three coats self-primed, on cedar and white pine. The pigmentations include: <1) 37.5$ Titanox HC HT - 37.5$ Titanox RC - 25$ ZZZ-33 zinc oxide. (2) 75$ Titanox RC HT - 25?, ZZZ-33 sine oxide. (3) 25$ Titanox RC HT - 25$ Titanox RC - 25$ ZZZ-33 sine oxide 25$ magnesium silicate. (4) 50$ Titanox RC HT - 25$ ZZZ-33 - 25$ magnesium silicate The paints are all formulated at 29$ p.v.c. with the full oil vehicle, (l) shows some slit cracking and some mildew, (2) some mildew and erosion, with (3) and (4) similar to (2). (2) is interesting, as the pigmentation is similar to Devos's new one coat house paint. Robertson warns that lead-free paints are vulnerable in atmos pheres containing S021 whore dampness will leach out the paints, cause bad washing and transparency. In a series put out in 1946 some 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon paints at 33$ p.v.c. are compared with full oil lead-free paints at 29$ p.v.c. The paints are applied one coat over MU-401 primer. The pigmenta tions are; (1) 15$ Titanox A - 30$ zinc oxide - 55$ magnesium silicate. 29$ p.v.c. (2) 15$ " - 30$ - 55$ " 11 33$ 11 (3) 50$ Titanox RC HT - 5$ Titanox A - 30$ zinc oxide - . 15$ magnesium silicate. 29$ " (4) 50$ Titanox RC HT - 5$ Titanox A - 30$ zinc oxide 15$ magnesium silicate. 33$ 11 All are in good condition at this point, except for cracking of paint (1) on one bad board. I i 0007-SWP-044526 0007-SWP-000113895 # im** -9- (i) Washing Tests This series was started in,June, 1947, three coats self-primed or. cedar, to chock the washing tendencies of various white house paints. This characteristic is checked by running a beveled siding painted black under each white paint. The formulation of each paint and its current washing status is as follows: ' (1) 100? Basic Carbonate White Lead, in regular vehicle. Very slight washing. (2) "Ti-Sil," 50? leaded zinc - 50? Ti-Sil, in regular vehicle. Definite washing. (3) 15? Titanox A - 38.5? leaded zinc - 15.7? BCVJL - 30.8? magnositpn silicate, in regular vehicle. Definite washing. (4) Pigment as (3) but 33? p.v.c. Definite washing. (5) 20? Titanox AA - 38.5? leaded zinc - 15.7? BCWL - 25.8? magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Very little washing. (6) 30? Titanox A - 30? zinc oxide - 40? BCWL at 21? p.v.c. Definite washing. (7) 15? Titanox A - 35? zinc oxide - 50? magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Slightly loss washing than (6). (8) 15? Titanox AA - 35? zinc oxide - 50? magnesium silicate, at 33? p.v.c. Very slight washing. (9) 50? Titanox RC HT - 40? leaded sine - 10? magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Very slight washing, - has adherent chalk. (10) 25? Titanox RC HT - 25? anatase titanium calcium - 40? leaded zinc 10? magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Slight washing.11 (11) 50? Titanox RC HT - 25? zinc oxide - 25? magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Very slight washing. (12) SUP doss White - oil conservation vehicle. Definite washing. (i) Sherwin-Williams Cooperative Te3t3 This series has now been on exposure for two years, and repre sents both S-W and T.P.C. paints which wero exchanged for cooperative exposure at Sayville and Chicago. This is a very complicated scries and will be handled in a separate report at such time as worth while results develop. 0007-SWP-044527 0007-SWP-000113896 3 -10- At the present time the paints at Sayville with regular per centages of Titanox A are the cleanest^and brightest, both south and north. The rutile titanium oxide paints show their characteristic yellow cast, but this is reduced although not eliminated when a 50/50 blend of RA 10 and Titanox A Is used. When titanium calcium pigments are used, the paints become whiter and cleaner as they progress from Titanox RC HT through blends to anatase titanium calcium. In the tints, the S-W tints are cleaner than the T.P.C. tints. Micro Velva substituted for magnesium silicate shows little difference except for less mildew. du Pont Pigment Division - Wilmington. Delaware Before the actual inspection of panels, a discussion was held on du Pont's proposed house paint exposure program. The original "Ti-Sil" formula will be exposed at 4.89, 3.75 and 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon. The 4.25 pound formula is added to anticipate interest in such, paints in the future, and not because of any lack of quality in the 3.75 pound "bodied oil" paints. The formilas are repeated using both Krebs' Drier and naphthenate driers. The latter usually require the addition of a puff ing agent such as Syntex RL-80. These paints are then repeated using folk Whiting at equal oil demands. Another group involves similar treatment of a lead-free pigmenta tion, 19.5$ Ti-Pure FT - 42.3$ acicular sine oxide (ZZ3-33 or XX-601) 38.2$ magnesium silicate. Lead-free paints are more susceptible to drying troubles. Another formula, 10.4$ Ti-Pure FT - 10.4$ Ti-Pure Y-CR - 49.2$ leaded zinc - 30$ magnesium silicate, shows an attempt to control chalking at high Ti02 levels by using some of the slower chalking Y-CR. The basic tint formula is 12.5$ Ti-Pure R-610 - 45$ leaded zinc - 42.5$ magnesium silicate, to which is added a lead-free tint base, 11.2$ Ti-Pure R-610 26.4$ acicular zinc oxide - 62.4$ calcium carbonate. Most of these involve the drier variations and extender replacements described in the first set. We propose to cover these and additional ideas during this summer's expo sure work, (a) Ti-Pure FT in White House Paints - Cleaning The basic pigmentations in this series compare 10$ Ti02/45$ leaded zinc/22.5$ BCWL/22.5$ magnesium silicate with the typical "Ti-Sil" formula, 15$ Ti02/50$ leaded zinc/35$ magnesium silicate. In each group the Ti0a used is successively FT, R-20G, Y-CR and R-110. The exposures were made in both the pre-war vehicle, 92$/8$ alkali refined linseed/Q bodied linseed, and the bodied oil type. Those put out in 1943 carried 50$ of Z* bodied linseed but those put out in '44 and '45 and '46 carry 50$ of X bodied linseed to improve brushing. Exposures are both south and north vertical. 0007-SWP-044528 0007-SWP-000113897 -11- Ths groups pat out in 1943, 1945 and 1947 were inspected to get the picture after 1, 3 and 5 years' exposure. Ti-Pure FF showed bettor self-cleaning properties than R-200,'Y-CR or P.-110, the differences being more definite in the 22.5? BCVIL thani in the "Ti-Sil" formulas. The latter were always cleaner, showing the greatest advantage during exposures from 7 to 15 months. The current bodied oil fonaulas showed a definite advant age in clean-up. Ti-Pure Y-CR or Titanox AA show maximum dirt retention at two years. Ti-Pure Y-CR and R-110 show more mildew, especially where rvq-BCWL is used, and the bodied oil paints show much greater mildew re sistance than the pre-war full oil paints. Calcium carbonate accentuates yellowing of rutile T102 paints but reduces mildew compared with magnesium silicate. This is further emphasized in another series out four years. In this group Titanox RC HT and RC show had dirt collection and mildew. In a series exposed in 1945, R-200 and RA-10 MO are compared at 12.5? versus Ti-Pure FF and Y-CR at 15? in the "Ti-Sil1' paint. In the oil rich paints, FT makes the only really white paint at two years' exposure, RA-10 MO, R-200 and Y-CR show bad dirt on north exposures, with the last named worst. Again the bodied oil paints are much cleaner, du Pont now do not recommend the use of any rutile titanium oxides in white finish coat house paints. (b) Lead Free House Palnta - Whites - Cleaning The first of two groups examined was put out in 1945, and include the following pigmentations exposed in the full oil vehicle at 28.5? p.v.c.: 15? Ti-Pure FF - 50? leaded zinc - 35? magnesium silicate 16.5? " - 35.7? acicular zinc oxide - 47.8? " " 13.1? " - 39.4? " " " -- 42.5? " " 18? - 36? " " - 46? " 11 The second group was prut out in August, 1947 and therefore now represents almost one year of exposure. The pigmentations and vehicles include: ? P.V.C. Oil Rich Oil Restricted 15? Ti-Pure FF - 50? leaded zinc - 35? magnesium silicate 28.5 34.9 17.2? " - 37.3? acicular zinc oxide 45.5? magnesium silicate 27.4 33.5 The lead-free zinc oxide formulations are superior to the leaded zinc oxide paints in cleaning characteristics. The one year old exposures actually look good both south and north. It ahould be noted that lead-free zinc oxides of the acicular type have higher oil demands than co-fumed leaded zinc oxides. Therefore, the lead-free paints were formulated at slightly lower p.v.c. to maintain approximately equivalent free binder relationships. 0007-SWP-044529 0007-SWP-000113898 -12- (c) Calcium Carbonate Extender's in House Paints This series has been covered in detail in previous reports (see page 5, 1946 report and page 6, 1947 report), and the fundamental conclu sions remain the same now after six years' exposure. 1. Ground limestone (York White) gives the best durability of the calcium carbonate samples tested, but is inferior to magne sium silicate. 2. Calcium soaps lead to poor durability and should be eliminated as far as possible. Low oil absorption, low reactivity, natural calcium carbonates are preferred. Precipitated capbonatea are inferior in durability. 3. Mica (10$) can be used to correct checking and cracking tendencies introduced by calcium carbonate. 4. Durability differences are much wider in whites than in tints. 5. Calcium carbonate is more resistant to mildew than magnesium silicate. As incidental remarks it may be added that diatomaceoua silica looks very good among the other extenders tested, also Eastern Magnesia's 500 Talc. It should be recalled that this series, started in 1942, covered a replacement of magnesium silicate at equal volume in the pre-war vehicle, at 26.5$ p.v.c. Substitution of calcium carbonate for magnesium silicate at equal oil demands is preferred. Special methods of substitution discussed on page 14 of the 1945 report and page 6 of the 1946 report show no mildew on calcium carbonate at equal oil demands for magnesium silicate, but mil dew at equal volume replacement. In general, extenders should be compared with equal free binder. The preferred method is to control consistency by adjusting extender against total vehicle. Calcium carbonate paints with high zinc oxide contents show dirt collection on whites. Tint retention in grays is definitely better with carbonate extenders, but should be watched as dirt retention also increases. Terra Alba is slightly superior to magnesium silicate in tint retention but shows tendencies to collect dirt and mildew. 0007-SWP-044530 0007-SWP-000113899 <4 rlo- (d) Two Coat Systems - Durability This series is becoming ijore interesting as time progresses and some details from earlier reports are repeated here for clarity. The paints were exposed in August, 194jj, using the "Ti-Sil" 15? Ti-Pure FF 50? leaded sine - 35? magnesium si|ieate piemen tation as the basic pattern. Tha paints were applied as three afcd two coat solf-primed systoms and over four commercial primers a3 well as. a tint base paint, 12.5? Ti-Pure R-610 45? leaded zinc - 42.5? magnesium pilicate. The two coat systems in general are not as durable as the three coat systems. When the "Ti-Sll" ton coat is used over the special i^-610 n-Hmpr. this two coat system almost equals three coats of "Ti-Sll" self- primed, Again this is interesting and is being covered in our own set of exposures. It is claimed that when the primer coat carrying R-610 is exposed duo to erosion of the top coat, there is no tendency for the chalk to take on the rutile yellow cast. R-200 should be avoided in undercoats for this reason. (Note: Rex 450 should be revised to eliminate 2173 or 2269 and to U30 2229 or 2174 when stocks permit.) (e) One Coat House Paints du Pont feel that the exposures since 1945 of a 25? Ti-Pure FF 50? leaded zinc - 25? magnesium silicate paint offer considerable promise as a one coat house paint. The preferred formula is that in the bodied oil vehicle at 35? p.v.c. This paint carries 2.22 pounds TiOg per gallon and was spread at 450 square feet per gallon. The principal trouble in one coat application is flashing and the problem of applying uniform film thick ness in one coat. Durability, of course, is controlled to a large extent by film thickness. If such a one coat paint were used as a primer on new wood, it was suggested that oil be added rather than thinner, as the lower p.v.c.'s look better on bare wood. (f) Special Oils , This heading includes a number of different series in which special oils were used, and which were placed on exposure from 1944 through 1947. Without going into detail, in 11 Ti-Sil" or similar paints Drisoy A, ASV #4 and Ardol show up well for the two years the teats have run so far. A de hydrated castor oil paint at 35? p.v.c. is showing objectionable cracking failure. We found that using Dehydrol as the bodied oil portion of the SWP vehicle, or 40? of the binder, durability was satisfactory but there is a tendency towards loss of gloss due to surface wrinkling if too much conjugated oil is used. Low p.v.c. paints following Titanium Pigment's pattern show early film failure where sodium hydroxide and lime neutralized oils were used. i S 0007-SWP-044531 j i \ 0007-SWP-000113900 -14- Some special comments should be added. The Department of Agri culture's conjugated soybean oil used 100$ as the paint binder was very poor. The Conjulin oils were not too good. Zinc-free paints with con jugated oils show erosion. Special ldad and zinc-frco paints look gpod with some conjugated oils. For exampl, 100$ ADM copolymer oils shoy checking failure with conventional pigmentations twt none in the lead and zinc-free types. Such a pigmentation would be 1.8 pounds Ti-Pure F7 to 3|5$ p.v.c. with magnesium silicate or 50/50 magnesium ailicate/Miporalite. Unbodied Kelvitol gives a thin film, Xelvitol bodied to Z and to Zj gives much more durable paints. Linogel gives thin films on exposure. In general bodied oils cut-perfora parallel unbodied oils. P.E. soys oils look promising. (g) Porch Paints : du Pont put out an extensive new series of porch paints in Feb ruary of this year, on the 45 fence and also on a board walk at the Newport laboratory. Ti-Pure H-610 is used alone and with various cxr tenders in a very wide variety of vehicles, and these are compared with a number of commercial porch paints. The tests will be watched carefully and details discussed when significant results appear. At the moment it appears that best gloss is pbtained when all extender is omitted. Surfex is holpful in giving uni form gloss in one coat. Vinyl coatings are already cracking on the wood. Soya lecithin used as 1$ by weight of the pigment and included in the grind gave marked Improvement in suspension characteristics as tested in several vehicles. In several instances the soya lecithin was effective as an anti-flooding agent. Alkyd vehicles are generally superior in gloss and tint retention. fh) House Tests Some of the house tests examined have been described in previous reports which may be consulted for further detail. 1. du Pont Mouse. Wilmington, Delaware. The test paints on this house were discussed in detail in the 1946 report. The conventional "Ti-Sil1* pigmentation is the cleanest and brightest, better in the bodied oil vehicle than in the pre-war high oil binder. When calcium carbonate replaces the magnesium silicate and total vehicle to equal consistency, there is more dirt collection. Whon terra alba is used in the same maimer, the paint shows the least chalking of the group and shows bad streaking under Idle windows. A paint pigmented with 17.Ti-Puro FF - 44$ acicular ZZZ - if35 zinc oxide - 58.5$ calcium car bonate in OKO M 2-1/2 linseed oil at 40$ p.v.c. shows streaked dirt col lection not as bad as the terra alba paint. When R-200 Ti02 is used instead of FF there is a distinct yellow discoloration but this is not as definite as during our 1947 inspection. 0007-SWP-044532 0007-SWP-000113901 -15- 2. Tarring House. Newark, Delaware. This house ooapares the conventional nTi-Sil" pro-war paint with a special, 40? Ti-Cal R 25 - 50? leaded zinc - 1C? magnesium silicate. The-house was painted in June, 1946. There is a definite difference in dirt collection, the FF paint being superior to the R 25 paint, and the latter is more yellow in cast. ' 3. Wood House. Newark, Delaware. This house, painted in August, 1946, compares the "Ti-Sil" pigmentation in a 3.75 pound oil vehicle (50? alkali refined linseed, 50? X viscosity bodied linseed), with a lead-free 18.1? Ti-Pure FF -r 39.4? ZZZ-33 zinc oxide - 42.5? magnesium silicate pigmentation in the full oil formula at 28.5? p.v.c., and the conventional "Ti-Sil11 formula (full oil vehicle). The "Ti-Sil" bodied oil formula is the cleanest, not equalled by the "Ti-Sil" conventional formula or the load-free paint with full oil. ! As usual, the National Lead Company, the Titanium Pigment Corporation and the du Pont Pigment Division extended us every courtesy and assistance to make our inspection trip enjoyable and instructive. MVL:AR M. VAN LOO Director of Paint Research 0007-SWP-044533 0007-SWP-000113902 1 C ' - *' Siweer* To the Teohaioal Information Mailing Uti July 8, 1948 Mr. Chapin's speoial report of the current statue of exposures of 'various extenders in house paints Is being distributed to the Technical Information Milling list beeause of potential gen eral interest. Many of the exposures have attained suffioient length of exposure so that replacements can be sada, when necessary, with a considerable degree of reliability, flirther reports will follow es other extenders show final results. U. VIS ICO O' O<-' V ' JUL 16 1948 0007-SWP-044534 0007-SWP-000113903 Paint Research July, 194B -24- #97 - Cont. study of Chicago ratings discloses no trends from the normal in dirt. Only one paint is in any way unusual: (1273) - "bis" bodied (1273) shows a peculiar chocking at Florida and rather heavy dirt at Chicago up to one year, but cleaning up rather suddenly to as good a rating as the others. . A teat was completed at 12427 S. Stewart Avenue, Chicago, on a house which had been painted as a teat job in July, 1944. The house was in good condition, except for areas on the front and rear porches where trouble with blistering had always been encountered. These area3 were burned off, and the rest of the house thoroughly scraped, cleaned with steel wool and spot-primod where necessary. Regular Rex 450 Under- coater, C 1488 B, was used as primer over all. Areas on the east, south and north sides were top-coated with RB-2350, testing 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon as against the regular Rex 471, C 1668 (supervised factory batch), U3ing 3.75 pounds of oil, which was applied on the balance of the house. The painters, both semi-skilled, favored the RB-2350 as 3lightly easier brushing. There is no difference in whiteness, and gen eral appearance is good throughout, but the special does show a slightly higher gloss. Spreading rates were estimated on the basis of entire amounts of each paint used, and ran rather low, but uniform: 463 sq. ft. per gallon for Rex 450, 470 for Rex 471 and 479 for RB-2350. Porch and Floor Paints Panels 12792 - 801 C and F and were prepared for exposure during the month. These coaparo various Porch- and Floor enamels based on the regular vehicles, (6173) and (4950)G, AV 170 and (2841)G, and specials including an alkyd combination of (4100) and (4103), also 15 and 18 gal lon length "A resin" varnishes based on various oils. They will be ex posed 45 south at Chicago and Miami . 0007-SWP-044535 0007-SWP-000113904 Paint Research July, 1948 -23- #97 - Coat. Exposures 9246-75 C, ? were examined after approximately three years' vertical south exposure at Chicago and Florida. The testa cover Pittsburgh's Selected Soya Oil CW (2035) in both Rex 471 SVP Gloss White and Rex 375 Colonial Yellow. The coverage is veiy complete, as both pro-war and bodied oil type formulas arc used, and the soybean oil is substituted for linseed (2), for (48) and for all the oil, the CW (2035) having been kettle-bodied for this purpose. Further, the same sort of substitutions are tested in Rex 450 Undercoatcr, so that some soybean oil appears in both coats. The variations are all minor, and general per formance of the soybean oil is good. One consistent trend, though slight, is that of greater dirt due to the soya} this shows up more in the cases where both coats contain the CW (2035). Erosion at Chicago is quite noticeable but there seems to be no trend due to the special oil. In some cases, there may bo slightly greater fading duo to the soya. Exposures 10416-35 F, 0 were examined after approximately two years at Florida, vertical south, and Chicago, north and south. All are cedar beveled siding, primed with Rex 450 Undercoater tinted gray to emphasize erosion. Details of oil replacements are too complex to present hero. Basically, both (48) and all oil are replaced in Rex 471 SWF Gloss White of 10-4-43 (bodied oil type, 50/50 rutile/anatase TiOg). The oils involved are: Pittsburgh's #200 linseed, as 13, regular bodied and "bis" bodied.+ Pittsburgh's CW (2035) linseed, as is, regular bodied and "bis" bodied.** Linseed, S-V batches, linseed, as is, regular bodied and "bis" bodied. (1273) soya, regular and "Ms" bodied. Cook's raw and bodied soya (separately and together, but not with other special oils). (3017) light Dahydrol, part and full replacement. (2325) heavy DeJydrol, for (48). *3elected Linseed **Solected Soya There is voiy little choice as to durability and not much more as to general appearance at any of the three locations, and the general acceptability of treated and selected soybean oils is indicated throughout. A study of all available past readings shows that all Florida panels rating appreciable dirt in early stages contained soybean oils, but also other soybean oils wore clean, and not all non-soya types were clean. A similar 0007-SWP-044536 0007-SWP-000113905 Paint Research July, 1948 -22- #97 - SWP 471 Paints were prepared for exposure to study the behavior of ftyvoil 2, soybean oil molecularly distilled and stripped of its sterols, carotenoids and other non-glycerides by Distillation Products Company. The Hjrvoil was used to prepare (3316) and (48) (50/30/20 version). The paints are regular SWP Gloss White formulations except that the (48) por tion is successively all linseed, HB 8557 50/30/2P linseed/(12?3)/CW0, RB 8553 50/30/20 linseed/liyvoil/CWO, (3316) regular and CTV 5007 80/20 (1273)/CWD, CTV 5008 80/20 Myvoil/CWO. Two additional bodied oils were included; RB 8936 90/10 (1273)/CVO and RB 8937 75/25 (1273)/(2325). . Panels 12914-29 CS, CN and F were prepared for exposure during the month. The paints are a repeat of an earlier study of the use of bodied soybean oils in SWP. The oils are used for the bodied oil portion of the binder and were supplied at Z2-Z3 bodies by Resin Research under the following designations: New No. Old No. Description RB 8474 CV 7027 "Bis" bodied soybean oil 8471 7028 S0a bodied soybean oil 8472 7029 Catalyst bodied soybean oil 8473 CTV 584 80/20 (1273)/(140) bodied oils 8477 570 PPG SO 500 soybean bodied Earlier tests along this line were painted out during winter months at relatively low temperatures, and especially in tints showed a tendency to hold dirt compared to all linseed paintst The new paints, whites and Geneva Cream tints and including linseed paints, were applied under favorahle drying conditions at this time, and will be repeated in the fall at temperatures in the viciniiy of 50 F. Exposures will be south and north vertical at Chicago and south vortical in Florida. Panels 12802-65 CS, CN and F were prepared for exposure during the month. The paints represent alkyd type house paints made from vehicles submitted ly Rosin Research. They were appliod self-primod, over Rex 450 SWP Undorcoater and as repaints over weathered SWP. (4106) gave a paint which had slightly sticky brushing while the other ejoerimental alkyds all produced definitely sticky brushing. The rcpuinc. panels will be exposed south vortical in Chicago only, the others south and north vertical at Chicago and south vertical in Florida. 0007-SWP-044537 0007-SWP-000113906 Paint Re search June, 1948 -26- i^97 - Coni. A house test vaa completed at 10508 S. Christiana Street using basic silicate (National's 45 X)iplus 414 leaded zinc for the lead and zinc content of Rex 471. The zinc oxide was replaced on an equal yeight basis vhile the lead substitutions were on a volume basis. The finished job looks excellent although the :;eilicate-4l4 paint has a yellowish cast compared to regular Rex 471. - Warn storage tests have been in progress for approximately one year to check the granulation tendencies of Octoate, Hexogen, Narhthenate, X-507 and D-121 lead driers in pre-war and bodied oil SWP formulations. The driers as listed were introduced on an equal metal basis, equivalent to the lead content of each formulation. 1. Lead Octoate (24$ metal) Frederick A. Strasen-Reuter, Inc. 2. Lead Compound X-570 (28$ metal) (Non-naphthenic; made with vegetable oil acids) Nuodex Products Co. 3. Lead Hexogen (24$ metal) Advance Solvent and Chemical Co. 4. Lead Napbthenate (10$ metal) Stock sample (4250) 5.. Nuodex Compound D-121 (24$ metal) Batch Formula Condition of SWP Samples Granulation at Lead Drier Used 5 Months 10-1/2 Months OJ 137 L 0J 135 L 4-8-42 fl . Lead Naphthenete (4230) Octoato (24$ Pb) OK OK OK Very slight OJ 134 L R Hexogen (24$ Pb) OJ 135 L n Compound. X-507 OJ 182 L w Compound D-121 OK Slight OK OK - Slight (9-1/2 Mo.) OJ 136 L OJ 100 L 0J 102 L 0J 101 L 0J 183 L 6-15-46 n tt n ft (4230) Octoate (24$ Pb) Hexogen (24$ Pb) Compound X-507 Compound D-121 OK Ve^-y slight OK ConsiderableOK Considerable OK OK - OK (9-1/2 Mo.) 0007-SWP-044538 0007-SWP-000113907 Paiat Reeearch J^no, 1948 ^ -25- 197 - SUP 471 I Mr. S. W. Fasig and Mri; Van Loo inspected the panel end/or house tests of the National Lead Company (basic silicate white lead house paints only) and the Titanlua Pigment Corporation at Seville, N. I. and of the du Pont Pigment Division at Wilaipgton, Delaware. A report was prepared and distributed. Exposures 10518-39 CS, (JN and F were examined after two years' exposure south and north vertical "at Chicago and south vertical in Florida. The paints involve studies of basic silicate white lead (both National and Sagle-Picher) whore basic silicate replaces (1) lead sulfate at equal volume, using XX 503 zinc oxide for 412 dry, (2) replacing basic carbonate white lead in a conventional 30$ lead - 30$ zinc oxide - 15$ TiOa - 25$ ex tender top coat pigmentation. Basic silicate was also substituted for equal volume of lead carbonate in Rex 45q and in MW-401 zinclose primer. The Chicago panels are difficult to evaluate because of the gen eral cleanness even on the north. The principal failure la erosion. The SUP top coats made with basic sulfate white load are the most pronounced in this respect. In general the Hf 401 primer is inferior to Rex 450. National's 45-X basic silicate white lead gives poor results in MU 401. In the straight top coat comparisons, thoro is very little choice as to the special materials. The Florida panels are ouch more varied in results and the major conclusions mat be baaed on them; this applied to dirt as well as film integrity. Rex 471 with Rax 450 normally looks bad in this series because of a spotty surface flaking (poor clean-up). Eagle-Pichor' 3 material al most invariably deans up without this prolonged spottiness, but whilo National's is just as clean in some cases, it is no better than the regu lar in other cases. Both show a "yellow" film, however, and are not satis factorily white. The only cases of serious failure (more than a very slight microscopic cracking) are found an paints which contain Eagle-Picher and National basic silicate substituted for the basic sulfate content of the leaded zinc oxldm normally contained. Helm again basic sulfato white lead shows up poorly when substi tuted for the BCUL normally contained. Paints in which the basic silicates have been used to replace the BCUL continue to perform equally well with the standard SUP. This difference in performance may possibly be ascribed to the use of a purs zinc ( XX 503) in the first case and a co-fumed leaded zinc in the second. In the Florida exposures W 401 is only very slightly inferior to Rex 450 and the silicates in MU 401 are equivalent at this inspection to BCWL. 0007-SWP-044539 0007-SWP-000113908 Paint Research May, 1948 -13- rf97 - Cont. RB 8557 - Regular (48) baaed on IOC# (44). Body - 50" A.V. - 6 Color- 8 RB 8558 - Special bodied ffyvoil #2 Body - 51" A.V. - 7 Color- 8-9 The paints made with the Myvoil liquids were similar in brush ing, flow and diying properties to the regular SWP batches made with standard oils CTV 5007, regular (3316), and RB 8557, regular (48). Addi tional paints arc to be made on a tint base formulation to be exposed along with the whites at Chicago and Florida. SW? Gloss White (Bodied Oil Tests) Bodied Oil Viscosity 4Z Dirine Time Brush Batch Under Test FreBh 0'Nite Set-to-touch 0'Nite ing Flow Gloss 983 L Std. (48) (all lin seed) 20" 20" 5 hr. 40 min. Good Good; Good Goqd slightly free. 980 L RB 8558 19.2" 27.4" 4 hr. 18 min. ft ft IT Good - 979 L RB 8557 984 L (3316) 18" 21" 21.2" 28" 4 hr. 15 min. 4 hr. 13 mis. J! IT n Good ir T n Fair 981 L CTV 5007 18" 982 L CTV 5008 19" a. 8" 4 hr. 15 min. n 22.6" 4 hr. 35 min. n Good; Good - Fair slightly free. If f! 0007-SWP-044540 0007-SWP-000113909 Paint Research May, 1948 #97 - 5WP 471 -12- Plant grinding triala have been Bade to evaluate R. T. Vander bilt's Nytal #300. This material was substituted for the extender por tion in SWP 'White and tint base formulas. Reference tests were made using 20 F and the 2201/2203 Metronite/Carbola Talc combination. One mixer was made using each extender and an aliquot part of the paste was reduced in the laboratory to check the characteristics. Results are tabulated below: Rex Date 496 5-21-48 IT II wn 465 5-26-48 9 ri n tt 471 It It 5-24-48 II II Inert Pigment 2201/2203 20 F Nytal 300 - CW 2748 2201/2203 20 F Nytal 300 - CW 2201/2203 20 F Nytal 300 - CW 2747 rf* CD Mill Rate 3-roll n ft 257 GPH 240 240 3-roll T? n 257 CUP 257 280 Premier 330 C3ff It 350 ft 300 Paint Characteristics Grind Vi^c. Gloss OH 45<l + Low OH 51" + W 1-1/2 H 37" Good 1-1/2 H 28" Good 1 H 38.8" Fair 2 H 22" VG 1 H 24.6" Fair 1/2 H 23.3" Low - 1-3/4 H 20.4" Good Summarizing the above testa, it may be concluded that Nytal 300 is easier to grind than either of the reference materials. The Paint Re search Report for April, 1948 reported results of similar tests made in the laboratory. The low conoistency characteristics of Nytal 300 would exclude an acceptance of this material as a direct alternate for 20 F or 20 L. It could be used with a small portion of high consistency extender. Micro scopic examination shows Nytal 300 to have a crystal structure similar to 20 F except that it is more uniform for size. The coarse particles are not as coarse, while the fines seas to be almost completely absent. The Resin Research Department has submitted the following bodied oils for evaluation in SWP Gloss White. CIV 5007 - 1 part (140), 4 parts (1273) Body - 50" G-H A.V. - 5.5 Color 6.7 . CTV 5008 - 1 part (140), 4 parts Myvoil #2 Body - 50" G-H A.V. - 4.4 Color 5.6 (-Cont.) 0007-SWP-044541 0007-SWP-000113910 -15197 - Cont. A final report was written on exposures 6241-4 C, Cof., exposed 53 months at Chicago and at Coffeyville, vertical south. The panels test W 2063 safflower seed oil in paint S-71-B-25 sent us from Cleveland Tech nical Service. The control paint (not applied in the usual 1/3 guide manner) is regular Hex 471 of 10-27-41, while S-71-B-25 is the same T.ith all the (5091) replaced by W 2068. The paints are tested both as 2 coats self-primed (first coat reduced) and over Rex 450 Undercoater. The group represents a very unusual example of variation in performance between Coffeyville and Chicago exposures, showing a complete reversal of dura bility. The safflower tests are relatively very poor at Chicago due to erosion and subsequent cracking, while at Coffeyville the safflower shows up much better than the regular, ?/hich shows very bad checking and crack ing. Rex 450 priming gives considerable improvement. Since the poorest showing of the safflower paint is at least as good as the poorest showing of the regular paint, we must consider it to have possibilities. Some time was spent in preparation for a talk ty U. Van Loo before the 25th anniversary meeting of the Division of Paint, Varnish and Plastics Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, on the subject, "Twenty Five Tears of Paint Testing. 0007-SWP-044542 0007-SWP-000113911 #97 - Cont. -14- Group 2 (a). Not satisfactory, primarily because of low durability. 8 dry China Clay Southwark Gilder's Whiting 2500 Suspense Whiting 2247 Atonite "R" York Ground Limestone "A" York Ground Limestone 1817 Surfex 3 dry Silica Smoke A.S.P. Cloy #1 A.S.P. Clay #11 10 dry Lesanite A.S.P. Clay ,H Group 2 (b). Not satisfactory, primarily because of fading or dirt. 2077 Celite 213 Blanc Fixe 1989 Microne Talc (O.K. in later stages) 2198 Georgia Clay CW 1875 Micron!zed "E" Grade Ground Limestone H.O.A. Asbestine 599 Barium Carbonate 1194 Ground Limestone Group 3. Unsatisfactory 306 Barytes Aluminum Flake #5 566 Mineral Whiting 1246 Soapstone (Color very bed, but performance fair.) 1822 Talc Dust (Ditto) Panels 6156-49 C, Cof. were examined after approximately 4-1/2 years at Coffeyville and at Chicago, vertical south, cedar beveled siding. The main interest was in zincless primers end top coats. Titanium Pigment Corporation's MW-401 zincless primer used with two special zincless top coats shows good durability under Chicago conditions (erosion the main failure pattern) but poor durability at Coffeyville and serious dirt col lection. When tinted, these zincless top coats ore definitely inferior to orthodox white formulas tinted (disregarding regular tint bases) in both durability and appearance. These specials consist of BCWL, magnesium silicate and Ti-Fure 51 in a resin-modified vehicle, with one of the two carrying about 8J mica, which gives little if any advantage. ` 0007-SWP-044543 0007-SWP-000113912 -13- ^97 - Cont. A comprehensive report was finished during the month covering ail exposures on house paint extenders. Only the highlights can be presented here. Most of these tests are at two locations., on the usual cedar siding, and represent 100? substitutions by volume of nearly ell recognized ex tenders in both pre-war and bodied oil type formulas. Undercjoaters, all Rex 450, are tinted gray under the vrtiites end white under the Slate and Colonial Yellow tints, to emphasize erosion. Exposure times range from 17 months (2 summers) to nearly 4 years, practically all the more commonly known materials being in the longer exposure category. Following a classi fication used in the Report of Investigations for December, 1946, which was based on much less conclusive data, the extenders are rated as shown below. ?.'e are necessarily omitting some special notes having to do mainly with more or less conflicting results at the two locations involved. Group 1 (a). Satisfactory in all respects. 20 L, 20 F, 20 JISK Pyrax B (poor grinder) 2203 Ctrbola Talc Pyrax HP (poor grinder) 2201 Metrolite BXXXX (if used with 2203 dry) H79 Hater Ground Mica (7 to 10?) Group 1 (b).' Satisfactory, but short exposure, durability not fully established,' Asbestol Filler* Flbrene C* Ooolitic Calcium Carbonate* Cook's Sno-Float Whiting* Harm Springs Talc* Talc #41' Velvatone* Talc #42 Royal Talc* Talc #49 Micro-Nite* Talc RC-500 *These items might be considered f< Group 1 (a), as recently reported, Florida results at 2 years show a of them in good condition. ) 0007-SWP-044544 ii 0007-SWP-000113913 -12- #97 - Cont. The R. T. Vanderbilt Company submitted a sample of Nytal #300 magnesium silicate to toe evaluated for general performance in SWP. This inert was compared with regular 0 F on an equal weight basis and the paints checked for grinding time, viscosity, flow, brushing, etc. As indicated below, two runs were made. In each run Nytal ,,'300 was found to be easier to grind than 20 F. The Nytal #300 batches were somewhat low in body, but the paints had good brushing, flow and gloss characteristlas. Based on these initial testa, it appears that a small amount of a high consistency extender any be required to equal the body obtained with 20 F dry in SWP. R. T. Vanderbilt are now planning to supply the Chicago plant with 900 pounds of standard good color Nytal #300 for a plant hatch of Rex 471 and 2700 pounds of Nytal! #300 which is slightly off color, to be used in SUP tints. Nytal #300 in SWP Batch OJ 830 L Inert 20 T Grinding Time 7' 20" Grind 2H Viscosity #3 Fresh O'Nite 24" 34" Brushing nss. Good Good Gloss Good OJ 831 L Nytal 6' 10" 3 H 17" 21" #300 Sllgbay Very Very free good good OJ 830 L 20 F Repeat 9' 35" 2-1/2 H 30" 31,6" Good Good Good OJ 831 L Nytal 6' 10" Repeat #300 2-3/4 H 20" 20.2" Slightly Good Very free good The Chicago Varnish Department submitted a sample of Dorwart and Sons' 80/20 Soya/CWO bodied oil for comparison with a saaple of (3316) in SWP. The paints were checked for brushing, flow, drying and gloss char acteristics. The sample made with Dorwart and Sons' oil was high in body, short in flow and somewhat slower in drying. Paint Viscosity Drying " Bodied Oil Fresh O'Nite Brushirg Flow Gloss Set-to-touch O'Nite OJ 828 L (3310) 25.4" 30.4" Good Good OK 6 hr. 55 min. Good OJ 829 L Dorwart and Sons' 80/20 Heat Bodied Oil. 47" 54" + Sticky 1/8 cup Short Low 7 hr. 5 min. Good 000T-SWP-O44545 0007-SWP-000113914 i 9- i^97 - SWF 471 Comparative label analyses plus weight per gallon measurements on samples of competitive house paint, undercoater and top coats, reveal that wide differences exist between the products being offered by the various manufacturers, du Pont, Devoe, Pittsburgh, National Lead, and Sherwin-Williana aro compared. Undercocters Lead contents range from 5-1/4 to 4-3/4 pounds per gallon, with the exception of Pittsburgh undercoater, which carries no basic car bonate white lead, and only 1.20 pounds basic sulfate white lead. Zinc oxide is present as 10$ of the Sherwin-Williams pigmentation and as 50$ of Pittsburgh's pigment. National and Devoe use resin in the vehicle but no zinc oxide, du Pint use neither resin nor zinc oxide. fi02 ranges between 1,0 and 1.5 pounds per gallon in all paints. Magnesium silicate -plus other extenders range between 2-3/4 to 4 pounds per gallon of paint. Finish Coats . Finish coats present a somewhat mors uniform picture than do the underooaters. The lead contents vary from 1-1/2 to 4 pounds per gallon, with the average about 2-1/4 pounds. Zine oxide varies from 2 to 5 pounds, and titanium oxide varies from 1 to 1-7/8 pounds per gallon. Magnesium silicate contents range from 2 to 3-1/2 pounds per gallon. Vehicles with controlled penetration properties ore used by Pittsburgh, du Pont and Sherwin-Williams. Devoe's paint is intermediate and National's Dutch Boy Bouse Paint performs as though it were an all raw oil vehicle. Cohering the paints for opacity it was found that du Pont and Devoe are substantially low, with National, Pittsburgh, end Sherwin-Williams all about equal. Draw-downs of each of the products show all the competi tive materials to be low in gloss. Hiis was probably due to poor dispersion since all rated 0 Hegman as compared to 2-1/2 H on SWP,, Brush-outs on wood confirmed gloss observations on the draw-downs. Corporative compositions of both underwaters and top coats based on label analyses are shown below: ! 0007-SWP-044546 0007-SWP-000113915 -10- #97 - Cont. Comparative Analysis of House Paint Undercoaters Expressed as Pounds of Each Material per Gallon Nat du Pont ional Weight per Gallon 13.47 14,63 Pigment BOWL 3.58 4.75 BSWL Zinc Oxide TiOa BaSO* Mg. Silicate .96 3.42 1.42 3.32 Total pigment 7.96 9.49 Devos 13.16 3.26 .95 2.23 2 8.58 Pitts burgh 12.74 1.20 2.26 1.20 7.52 SWF Rex 450 Card 24 14.60 3.74 .50 .90 1.17 2j I_ 9.01 SWP Proposed Revision RS 2277 14.26 2.37 1.20 1.23 1.17 0.78 ' Vehicle Linseed Oil 2.78 1.82 2.17 3.46 2.02 Soya 1.09 Tung Total Oil 2.76 ...... 1.82 -i# 2.49 . 3.46 _tsa 5.33 Rea in .99* .19 Varnish .99* Drier and Thinner 2.76 1.55 1.94 1.76 2.13 Varnish is shomi on label. 50)6 solids is assumed. 2.02 1.09 3.33 2.13 0007-SWP-044547 0007-SWP-000113916 -u- #97 - Cont. Comparative Analysis of House Paints Expressed as Pounds of Each Material per Gallon Weight per Gallon Pigment BCWL BSWL Zinc Oxide TiOg Mg, Silicate Lead titanate Total pigaent du Pont 14,57 National 15.20 Devoe 14.33 Pittsburgh 14.00 Rex 471 Card #48 14.80 1.61 2.94 1.04 3.55 --- 8.94 2.17 1.92 1.95 1.75 1.95 , -- ,, 9.74 1.22 1.44 2.66 1.28 2.11 9.18 1.54 2.85 1.85 2.16 6.40 .59 1,55 2.86 1.47 2.94 _ 9.41 Vehicle Linseed Oil 1.58 Soya Tung 2.06 Total oil 3.64 Drier and Thinner 1.00 Bit 4.37 _ 4.37 1.09 el.16 4.54 --. , 4.54 . .62 $1.12 3.72 - 3.72 1.89 924 2.22 1.18 - -?9 3.69 1.70 98^ 0007-SWT-044548 0007-SWP-000113917 Atsiecw um M.- qffm -12- la the December- report *e reported on a fundamental investiga tion that was started to determine what properties of heat bodied oils affect the flow and consistency of paints. In connection with this prohlem, sampJ.ee of (48) prepared by the methods as listed in the Decem ber report were made into paints. These paints were initially checked for brushing, flow, drying and viscosity, and were then placed in stor age for a future check on after-bodying tendencies. These paints have now been checked after storage for a period of 105 days. SHP Rex 471 Using Various (48)'s Extenders 4 Parts 20 F - 1 Part 2201 Dry Batch Viscosity - #3 Orifice 28 105 Brush- Fresh 1 Day 4 Devs 7 Days Days Days Set-to-touch inn Flow 464 L 21.4" 22" (48) #1 26.4" 29.6" 34" 40" 6 hr. 15 ain. Good Good 465 L 29 36 36.8 36.6 43 56 + 5 " 45 " Good - Good (48) #2 466 L 29 37 42.4 50 (48) #5 55 + Too 5 " 15 " Fair hvy Fair 467 L (48) H 468 L (48) #5 469 L (48) #6 43,4 35 29 54.4 43,8 36.8 61.4 45.8 41.2 60 + 44 43.8 Too hvy 54.4 " n 51,4 it 5 n 10 tt 5 ii '35 n Sticky; Fair + poor. Fair + Fair + 5 tt 35 n Good Good - 470 L (48) #7 38 42.8 47.2 52 50,8 ; 53.4 62 58.6 51.8 ft 68 + n 5 " 35 it Fair + Fair + 5 jr 45 IT Fair Fair + o '-N 4*- S3 *lfe CD 472 L 27 (48) #9 31,8 , 33.4 . 33.6 46.2 55 + 5 >> 45 " Good Good - 473 L- 35 (48) LO 474 L 27 (48) #U. 44.6 48 30 36.2 48.8 43 55.4 Too 5 ti 45 " hvy 54 57 + 5 jr 45 tt Fair + Fair + Good Good - 475 L 27 (48) Old drum 29.4 S3 34.6 40 43 6 11 05 " Good Good 476 L 20.6 21.6 25 24 28.2 30.3 6 ft 30 ' tt Very Good (48) New drum good All batches had good through dry, with slight tack. All batches had good house paint gloss. 0007-SWP-044549 0007-SWP-000113918 #97 - Cont. The Resin Research Department has submitted a number of alkyd varnishes during the past few months for evaluation in house paint formu lations. This investigation was held up from time to time due to pressure of other work, but we have now completed the initial tests. A number of paints made from these liquids will be exposed this spring. Due to the wide range in body between, the various alkyds, a considerable number of thte experimental paints were too high or-too low in body and had to be eliminated. In several cases the paints were 3hort in flow, while others were high. Paints using the following alkyds were selected as being fairly satisfactory for body, brushing, flow, etc. Characteristics on Alkvd Vehicles Resin Oil Bod A. V. Color RB 4259 RB 4828 (V 15012) Alkyd (V 15777) 1! (44) and (1273) 2 4.5 9 + (2182) E 5.2 6 RB 5135 - P.E. Phthalate (1273) V 4.0 6 RB 4825 RB 4824 - Dipentek -M RB 4257 (2159) Type Alkyd RB 4679- 60 - P.E. Phthalate (2182) (2245) (2182) and (44) (4015) YY R-S 7 5.0 4.0 4.2 6.2 12 12 9-10 RB 4826 CV 5057 Alkyd (1273) T 4.4 7 RB 4256 (4106) It (1273) and (44) 0 5.6 10 RB 7424 RB 7429 RB 7430 -n -n -n . CW (1999) %Z 75% CW (1999) X 25% Soya F.A. 7.9 10 50% CW (1999) V 50% Soya F.A. 9.5 11 - Op to the present time we have not developed an alkyd or semi-alkyd paiat that has optimum brushing, flow, and drying characteristics for a paint of this type. 0007-SWP-044550 -14- #97 - Cont. 100$ Alkyd House Paints Batch 408 K 409 K 410 K 414 K 415 K 416 K 45 K 453 K 454 K Alkvd RB 4257 V 15751 RB 4258 RB 4259 RB 4824 RB 4825 RB 4257 V 15731 RB 4258 Pigmentation Viscosity Brush- P.V.C. Fresh 3 Mo, lng FIq t ; GIo s b 1403,, 412, 18 diry 21$ 26" 26.2" SI. Good Very sticky good 11 W If n 27" 48" n nIt 11ft ft ti 24.8" 32.5" ii Fair it * w It ii 29.8" 37.4" Good Fair + ft ft If ii 25" 40.4" If II it nIt it lift it ! Mit If " " it 27.2" 39.8" Sticky Good ti 5 Mo. 36$ 16.2" 27.8" Fair Fair Good M 5jfeU 14" 21.2" Good n Fair 5 Mo. " 14.8" 23" Fair it Good Semi-Alkvd House Faints Batch Alkyd 601 L RB 7424 602 L RB 7429 603 L RB 7450 608 L (4106) Pigmentation 412, 1403, 2307, 2188. 18 dry u " n Vigco^lty BrushJg.-.aSa. Fresh 24 Hr. Ang____.Us e. Gloss - 29.8" 34" Sticky Good Very good _ 29" 54" n n - 29" 35.4" n SI. Good short _ 25.4" 29" SI. n Very sticky good 607 L 100$ RB 7424 412,. 1403, 18, - 1895. 20 MSK, 2307 29" 33.8" Sticky Very Good good 158 L (2) - (48) 20 F, 1403, 412, - 32" - Good Good Goo* 18 dry. 0007-SWP-044551 0007-SWP-000113920 rSb -15- #97 - Cont. In cooperation with the Cleveland Technical Service Department, samples of various magnesium silicate pigments were examined under the microscope to correlate plant experience in usage of these materials with their particle size and shape. The samples in question were as follows, with the Cleveland plant experience noted: (1) 20 L of 7-17-46 Plant experience good. (2) AH 32 of 0-26-47 Plant experience very badj hard to grind, (3) AH 32 " 2-16-48 - (4) AW 82 n 2-16-48 Better than (2); not as good as (l). (5) Special 20 F superfine No tests completed. Photomicrographs show sample (2) to contain a high percentage of large groupings, many as large as 200 microns. Sample (l) is uniformly fine, with no acicular particles longer than approximately 50 microns. Samples (3) and (4) above are intermediate between (l) and (4) with a tend ency to be more similar to (2) which has caused trouble in production. Sample (5), the superfine 20 F special, is similar but inferior to sample (l) 20 L of 7-17-46. Further improvement is required before either AW 82 or 20 F special will be equal to the old 20 L, In view of the difficulty in grinding AH 82 magnesium silicate for house paints, the exposure tests on extenders have been reviewed once more. So far as durability is concerned there seems to be no reason to rate 20 F or AH82 above the 2203/2201 hlend. These exposures are 3 years and 9 months old. Within the limits of availability it is recommended that the order of preference for these materials be based on their com parative ease of grinding, namely 2201/2203, 20 F Superfine, and AW 82 in that order. In the interest of improved performance it has been recommended that the zinc oxide content of SHF tint base be returned to the 33$ level which it occupied prior to the severe pigment shortage period. As long as a dollar pigment cost Is imposed as the limiting factor which would stand in the way of the return to 35$ sine oxide it is proposed that this move be made at the expense of the basic sulfate white lead by shifting from 35/65 leaded zinc oxide to an appropriate blend of 414 and 511 dry. Panels 6812-5 C, Cof. were examined after 44 months, vertical south, at Chicago and Coffeyville respectively. The paints are Rex 317 Family Paint Cream, regular of 11-7-41, versus a special using 1/3 each of Cryptone MS-130/leaded slnc/extender. Better tint retention was sought, baaed on previous good results with US-130. Though the group of panels was small, it is an intensive test, and several valuable indications resulted: 0007-SWP-044552 0007-SWP-000113921 -16- #97 - Cont. 1. Chicago versus Coffeyville exposure. MS-130 looks comparatively bet ter at Coffeyville, because Chicago exposure emphasizes its erosive tendencies. Any tendency to hold better color was completely counter acted at Chicago by a deep erosion which left a "streaky" appearance; even at Coffeyville, KS-130 was superior in color only in the earlier stages. Both places seem to show, however, that MS-130 resists check ing and cracking better than the low-cost lead-zinc-extender formula, and is at least as good in clean-up. 2. Self-primed versus liex 450 Undercoater. A tremendous improvement results with the latter. There is some indication that the MS-130 type does better than the regular when the switch to self-primir^ is made. The exposure series 9632-7, 9S47-8 and 9S61-2, testing various pigment and vehicle changes in Fax 69 Porch and Deck Gray under several conditions, was given a complete final evaluation. Since this series con sists of three parts, of two to six panels each, exposed at Chicago and at Florida for different times, complete data on the exposure conditions would be too long to include here. Roughly, the conditions consisted of (a) 2-coat self-primed work on 8" x 24" yellow pine panels exposed 45 south at Chicago for approximately 2-1/2 years, (b) the same paints on steel, 45 at Florida for 7 months, and (c) the sene paints tested in the Weather-Ometer for 3000 hours. The most outstanding general results were: (l) great improvement due to the use of titanium-calcium as against leaded sine-extender in resistance to cracking and peeling on yellow pine, and (2) the very poor showing of CRB-0292 "coal resin" vehicle, which chalked extremely and flaked away, in spite of some promise in the early months due to unusually good gloss. Minor differences and equivalent performances may be listed as follows (thus mentioning all tests involved): (a) CVR-139 and CVR-157 tall oil linseed variations are tested against (4880)E eater gum-Dehydrol varnish, both with the leaded zinc and titanium pigmentations, and there is a slight but consistent trend in favor of (4880) E. . (b) The titanium type formulas tested included: Titanox RC - Atooite - mineral whiting. Ti-Pure R-610 - Atomite - mineral whiting. Ti-Pure R-610 - Atomite - ilultifex MM. Ti-Pure R-610 - Micro Velva. There are some differences in parts of the test set-up, but no clear indications. The lost named is slightly best on wood (Chicago), while RC seems somewhat inferior in several cases. 0007-SWP-044553 0007-SWP-000113922 -17#97 - Cont. (c) Florida tests, beir^ or steel only, are of secondary interest, but there is (a) a very definite superiority of the lead-zinc type in resisting rust, and (b) at least one clear-cut case of (4880) surpassing the tall oil vehicles in rust resistance. OO07-SWP-O44554 0007-SWP-000113923 ree/?i/d#f W3| -16- #97 - STIP 471 Two factory fetches of SWP were made on the proposed formulc OJ 573 l (see January report, page 13) using 20 F as the inert in the first batch and 2201 dry and 2203 dry in the later batch,. Formula OJ 573 l Inert Used Size . T. Wt. A. Wt. Viscosity - #3 Bex 471, C 273 B 20 F dry 900 gals. 14.80 14.97 30 seconds Hex 471, C 298 B 2201 dry 2203 " 1800 gals. 14.80 14.82 30 A gallon aanple of Bex 471,. C 298 B was 3ent to Cleveland for their inspection. The two production botches compared quite favorably for brushing, flow and drying characteristics with our present SWP. Panels 12472-87 CS, CN, Cof. and F were prepared for exposure south and north vertical in Chicago,, and south vertical in Coffeyville and Miami. The paints include SWP White and Colonial fellow paints carrying a percentage of soybean oil in the vehicle. Hex 471 and Hex 465 are exposed with, all linseed binder, with 19 gallons (40*) of (3516), and with the whole binder replaced with AVM 14 and 15, PJS.. soybean esters. To check dirt collection properties the points were dried at temperatures between 45 and 50 F. Panels 8430-6 F were examined at 3 years' Florida exposure, vertical south. TheBe are on cedar beveled siding, primed with Rex 450 Undercoater tinted gray. The Chicago tests, at 42 months were given a supplementary examination. The paints tested-ore New Jersey Zinc Company's "proposed post war house paints" and were supplied by them. The p.v.c. is approximately 35*, with weight per gallon 14.5 pounds, and oil content 3,8 pounds per gallon. With one exception, the vehicles are alike, with 16.5* by weight of Alinco Z-5 bodied oil, 49.5* raw linseed, and 31.7* mineral spirits. The exception uses "Bodied Varnax* for the Alinco oil. The pigmentations are: Paint No. 1 2 3 4 turn MW 15.0$ n n it Lehigh 6 Leaded 21as 47 JO* 55.0* n 62.5* 5 - 35.0* 6 15.0* 55.0* (Aa #3 except "Bodied Varnex") Mica Asbestine Alfelith 11 10.0* 28.0* - - 30.0* - 10.0* ft 20.0* 12.5* - 15.0* - 50.0* 10 JO* 20 JO* 0007-SWF-044555 0007-SWP-000113924 -17- ^97 - Cont. Both locations, especially Chicago, show poor appearance due to "show-through" of the gray primer. The erosion of the lithopona sample makes it outstandingly poor. Shallow "surface flaking" is a bad feature on the Florida test; it seems to be considerably alleviated by the use of mica. The SWP guide, with 12% basic carbonate white lead, did not show this failure. It is difficult to 3how a trend, because both the high and low leaded zinc samples are among the poorer in durability. The "Bodied Varnex" sample is definitely good at Florida, but poorest (except lithopone) at Chicago, perhaps due to cracks in the "valley*," as brush-marks are heavy. The Chicago location might promote this failure because of the eroding tendency. Paint #1 seems slightly below average in durability, both locations considered. Exposures 8714-32 C, F were retired and reported after 3 years' exposure, vertical south, at Chicago and Florida. All panels are cedar beveled siding, primed with fox 4SO Uhdsrcoater tinted gray. The purpose of the main part of the series was to determine the optimum lead concentra tion for a modified oil conservation type of formula as expected to be used in "Post-War" SWP Gloss White. Tha results, in general, were unsatisfactory, prohehly due to three factors: (a) unsuitable p.v.c. for the formula type, (b) poor drying conditions when painted, and (c) poor control of film thick ness. The information obtained, obviously not as expected of a "ladder" type test, may be given briefly: Group I. Lead content varied 0 to 3St in 5% stops, zinc oxide held at 30. Erosion very bed at Chicago, Florida feilure light. Practically Identical performance of all paints, except OJt lead shows def initely more failure at both locations than 5%. Group II. Lead content 0 to 20% in 5% steps, zinc oxide varied 33 to 36,t. (in both I and II, Titanium content varies to give constant opacity.) Almost exactly same performance as Group I, but in this case it 1$ only the Florida tests which show the peculiar inferiority at 0% lead. Group III toosely related series testing Titanox RC against RC-HT and C (l271 dry) in the some type of formula. 1271 etands out for clean appearance at Florida, but ie obviously subject to erosion. Both RC and RC-HT show much more durable films, but especially earlier in the teat tend to collect dirt. Further work has been carried out to establish a house point formu lation based on the use of polysllyl esters of linseed and soya that would be less subject to wrinkling than the formulations reported in the Monthly Report for November, 1947, page 17, The polyellyl esters of linseed, RB 6034 and RB 7686, and the polyailyl esters of soya, RB 6035 and RB 7687, were used only to the extent of 10 gallons per 100 gallons of paint in Rex 471 and 15 gallons per 100 gallons in SWP Woodland Brown, 0007-SWP-044556 0007-SWP-000113925 -18^7 - Cont. The lower gcllonage of polyallyl esters reduced the wrinkling cs conjjared with the earlier tests. However, we have not been able to elim inate this wrinkling condition even with the lower gsllonage and any fur ther reduction would not warrant its use. An effort will be ne.de to reduce the wrinkling further by the use of Orisoy B in place of linseed. The paints ere to be exposed at Chicago and Florida in the near future. 0007-SWP-044557 0007-SWP-000113926 wottoanrmoc es s r epo r t ' MaT I ............... (-3316.--)....... H-.........---CUm------- Formulator........................... . SkL Code TUtvncl Minimum 9tcneo P5r~ Tim. -............... Hra. C*etrifni9*d................... Aej* limit........... Montka, Lo m___ _____ Cast Praa. Batch...(.??$1.1?-- ..Batch ............... __x Sti Batch |................ ... .Kattl*/.............5------ Batch Started by.. ...UidWi* Standard Formula 1 Haw Found, i Gallon* ! Umd Formula Tima \*\ MhW iT.mp flc f. M Vine. Car* Aad Valu* Maauiactuiiag Inatructiaa* and !_ i i (1273) 4022 I0i20 i - : $ I l.oo: 560 2,5 (WO) 1023 3.00 560 w-x i Haat (1273)&(140) to 560y. Start: Snj SI 3top flOo kin* U M-X 3.00 560 5 start CO* htrm__________________________ 1 i 2207 60 4.00 560 31" _7.2 . Hold for body li j: $.00 $60 5.15 560 6.00 485 49" Watc h A.V* COOL Gut 6o" Body moil \ i: ------------ !------------------- t :j 1i i------------ 1 Wator a prar i p --p------------------ ----------------- r i ` if i-*i % * i j 1 Btw !kpl b m Tuia BmLm ThiaaM Drtan, Us. $045 497$ Total la ptal Output Poundf Output Gullon. low 497$ 627 Wl % I FELXEtfHQ; 7m N Ttennim Tank No. Tlnt* OXd TVtirtH Unk uUbf Start TStaMae Flnlak FOtoxiaa Prav. Ba FUUm4 Syrt--l WlaUd Ta Me ' A.R P.H. A.H. PM. A.H* P.H. A.HP.H. Deep by 3p*rtnl butruettona Cbncaa* tnclrtlai Lbu. / 3aL Std. 7.41 Plant Sp. Gr. 0.952 0.952 Cur* <S*o mu W UK Pnm No. Rupad to _ Tud o. T408-409 Tank Rond. Altai lin Ttac. $$ $6" Color 9 7-8 58-10 9.6------A---.--V---.----- ------------------ <4 100 100 Output 1 'larit r 41. m TUtuind fcr Tartar'a Loittula Appro*d By \ 1 0007-SMP-044558 0007-SWP-000113927 Sl l f ta V t. hill 0007-SWP-044559 0007-SWP-000113928 -15- #97 - SWF 471 On request from Cleveland a revision was made of the SWP doss White formula to use a higher poundage of titanium dioxide with a mini mum amount of leaded zinc and lead. Four formulations, including the Ti-Sil pigmentation, were proposed: Paint TiO Zinc Oxide Basic Sulphate White Lead Inert Added Lead Pigment OJ 529 L 15* 32.5* 17.5* 35* None OJ 530 L 15* 30* 16.2* 56.3* 2.5* Tribase OJ 531 L 15* 32.5* 17.5* 32.5* 2,5* bc w l OJ 532 L 15* 32.5? 17.5* 32.5* 2,5* Tribase The four formulations compare in cost with current and earlier SWP formulas as follows: - Costs of 1-9-49 Costs of 1-9-48 Formula OJ 529 L 3216,89 Formula 1-19-45 Card #41 3236.28 OJ 530 L 217.70 n 6-16-43 " #37 243.82 " OJ 531 L 221,84 ft 7-19-40 " #26 291.45 " OJ 552 L 223.70 n 9-5-35 " #17 337.34 " 7-;29-47 Card #47 229.47 t 12-5-27 - _ 339.18 The four formulations will be exposed at Chicago and Florida this spring. Our experience with Tribase is very limited, and it was used only in the hope that the reactivity introduced by 7* of basic carbonate white lead would be matched by 2-1/2* Tribeae, with a saving of 5-1/2/ per gallon. It was decided that for the immediate future a formula based on the following pigmentation should be approved for SWP. Pigmentation Proposed SWP Gloss White - OJ 573 L 20 F dry - 300# 1403 " - 150# 412 " - 450# 18 " - 60# Present SWP Gloss White, 7-29-47 20 F dry - 290% 1403 " - 136# 412 " - 480# 18 - 70# The proposed formula, OJ 575 L, is approximately 2-1/2/ lower in cost than the present. -14- A rather extensive investigation has been made of the possibili ties of using dehydrated castor for a portion of the oil in SIP. Various tests have been made by introducing the conjugated oil as (2525) and (5516) and checking the films for floating and wrinkling teniencieg when exposed to heat and ultraviolet light. Frosting and Wrinkling an iWO-tatfo ftts tn r<? 1. Rex 471 (all linseed formula) Trace 2. n ti (5 gal. (2525)/l00 gals.) 3, tt n (10 " f it n j 4. n n (15 " n n nj 5. n n (l9 " n * nj Definite to slight Bad Very bad Very had Other tests were also run on paints made by introducing the conjugated oil as part (3516) and part (.2525). Batch 0J 560 L Bodied Oil 19 gals, linseed (46) OQttJUMtpd pa Kone doss on .008" f.UaJ,SL*lS___ Good OJ 561 L 19 gals, (3316) 3.B gala. Good - OJ 562 L (17-1/8 gola. (5316) ( 1-1/2 " (2325) 5.0 Thir OJ 563 L (16 gals. (3316) ( 3 ' (2525) 6.2 " Fair - OJ 564 L (14 gals, (3316) ( 5 " (2325) 7.8 " Poor These tests indicate that more than 5 gallons of dehydrated castor or combinations of conjugated oils would be a potential source of trouhle in SHP if applied at low spreadirg rates during the summer or under weather conditions which would aggravate surface drying and wrinkling. A series of bodied oils based on various combinations of linseed, soya, Dehydrol and kettle dehydrated (113) were submitted by the Resin Research Department to consider possibilities of increased usage of castor oil in SWP. 0007-SWP-044561 0007-SWP-000113930 #97 - Cont. CVR 993 994 996 997 996 999 % (2325) - 67 - - - 40 * (44) 33 35 20 40 67 20 % (1273) - - 40 40 - 40 % Kettle Dehydrated (113) 67 - 40 20 S3 - Body (G.H.V.) . 61" 55" 63" 55" 63" 53" A. V. 13 10 10 10 11.5 10 Color 97 88 87 The various oils were used as a replacement for (3316) in SUP and the paints checked for general perfornance. The only bodied oil that cospared favorably with (5316) or linseed (48) is CVR 997. The laboratory batch of SUP made with CVR 997 is Similar to the regular SWP using (3516) in body, brushing, flow, drying and gloss characteristics. This serieB of tests also indicates that 4 to 5 gallons of dehydrated castor is the maxi mum amount that can be used in SRP without noticeable drop in gloss. Batch 19 Gals. Bodied Oil Used Viscosity - M Fresh 24 Hrs. 2 Days Drying Set-tc>-touch O'Nite OJ 541 L OJ 542 L OJ 535 L OJ 536 L OJ 537 L OJ 538 L OJ 539 L OJ 540 L (48) linseed (5316) CVR 993 CVR 994 CVR 996 CVR 997 CVR 998 CVR 999 27" 38.2" 58" 45" 48.8" 27" 40.2" 44" 31" 43" 67" 52" 56.2" 31" 45" 48.2" 30" 6 hr. 10 min. 43.4" 6 n 15 " 3 days 70" 6 n " 3 days 56" 6 n 3 days 62" 6 it 15 min. 3 days 36.8" . 6 it 15 " 3 days 46.8" 5 n 30 " 3 days 50" 5 tt 30 " Good It tt n H tt It tt (Cont.) 0007-SWP-044562 0007-SWP-000113931 -18- #97 - Cant. Evaluation of Bodied Oils in SWP Cont. Batch OJ 541 L OJ 542 L OJ 635 L OJ 536 L OJ 537 L OJ 558 L OJ 539 L Brushing Good Slightly sticky Sticky Sticky Sticky deed Slightly sticky Flow Fair Short Short Short Short Slightly short Fair - Gloss on .006 inch film olaced in arc Good Good Poor Poor Fair Good Fair + OJ 540 L Slightly sticky Short Fair + Experimental house paints were made with all oil introduced as Myvoil 2, soybean oil stripped by molecular distillation by Distillation Products, as well as with all (1275) alkali refined soybean oil to com pare the drying properties when pigmented in a manner similar to SIP . (pre-war formula dated 4-8-42). The paint made with Myvoil 2 was much superior in drying to the paint made with (1273). Paint Oil Content Set-to-touch Time OJ 579 L 65 gals. AT 94 (Myvoll-2) Approx. 15 Hr. OJ 578 L 65 gals. (1273) 23-1/2 hours The Resin Research Department has agreed to prepare samples of a 55 second heat bodied oil and a (3516) type from Myvoil and (1273) for additional tests. Paints have been prepared for exposure covering an evaluation of various sanples of (3516) including one made by Dr. Coffey usirg the solvent process, also both raw and bodied safflower seed oil in SHP, as well as ADM 65-1 cblnswood-soya oil, using all linseed SWP as the control. A special addition to the series will be Sicca Soya Paint Company's StaPar One Coat Exterior Finish White (see the November, 1947 Report of Investigations, page 19), with the "Catalyzed Soya Bean Oil" vehicle. 0007-SWP-044563 0007-SWP-000113932 -17* Two tons of CW 2679 micronized 20 F were ordered from Inter national Talc Company for use in SUP, Laboratory batches of SWP made with this inert appear to be satisfactory for brushing, flow, gloss end texture. The paint was finer in.texture and slightly hitter in gloss than the regular SWP made with 20 F dry, Ihe micronized asbestine appears to be slightly lower in oil absorption then 20 F but produces a satisfactory consistency in the active Rax 471 formula based on (5316). If linseed (46) is used it is necessary to use part 1989 dry. A factory batch of SWP will be Bade with CW 2679 to check production rates and ease of grinding conpared with 20 F. Laboratory Batches Rax 471 Batch OJ 558 L OJ 555 L Inert Used 290# CW 2679 n it (3316) Linseed (46) Grind 4H Viscosities ^11 Fresh O'Nlte 4 Jfrzg 25.2" 28" 32" 5 H 18 18.8 18.8 OJ 542 L OJ 551 L OJ 557 L " 20 F f t! 240# CW 2679 46# 19B9 (3316) Linseed (48) (3316) 2 H 38.4 43 2 H 27 29 5 H 26.4 - 43.4 29.2 3 days 46" Panels 12366-69 CS, CM and Cof. were prepared for exposure south and north vertical Chicago and south vertical Coffeyville, with Fibrous Calclun Silicate from Thompson Weinman and Company in SWP pre-war and cur rent formulas. White, Colonial Tallow and Slate. (See Report of Investi gations, December, 1947, page IS.) Panels 12390-1 C and F were prepared for exposure cosparing 2188 Micro Velva A versus Vanderbilt's Vescote in Porch and Floor Enamel Gray - Rex 1SS. The extenders were introduced at equal oil demands, resulting in somewhat lower gloss where the higher poundage of Veecote was used. Exposure panels were examined and reported as follows? 1. Panele 5092-S107 C, Cof. were examined after approximately 6 years' exposure at Chicago and Coffeyville, vertical south. All are on cedar beveled siding, with Rex 450 Ondereoater. The purpose when exposed was to study the effects of lowering titanium and co-fumed leaded zinc contents in SWP tints as required by shortages in 1941. Ivory, Cream and Golden Yellow tints are used, the main part of the series testing four formulas: 0007-SWP-044564 0007-SWP-000113933 4 -ie- #97 - Cont. (a) 5-7-41 2051-1895 Titanox A-NC/lead titanato/cQ-fumed leaded zinc. (b) 7-24-41 A 24 - 1895 TiQa/lead titanate/co-fumed leaded zinc. (c) Only 40 pounds of A 24, no 1895, high BOWL plus co-fumed leaded zinc. (d) Similar, but mechanical mix with XX-5C zinc oxide and BCWL. Chicago gives the better basis for appearance judgments. Here the mechanical mix is definitely ahead in color retention, but obvi ously more dirty than the others. In general, no foraula looked better than that of 5-7-41. At Coffeyville, appearance is good on all. The inferiority of both the high BCWL formulas (c and d) in regard to checking and cracking is outstanding. Thus lowering of titanium, elimination of lead titanate and lowering of co-fumed leaded zinc seems definitely undesirable. 2. A final report was prepared on exposures 7035-40 F, C, tint bases which had reached a static condition as regards appearance, though still satisfactory in film integrity. Ihe panels are cedar and yel low pine exposed 4-1/2 years south vertical at Chicago; cedar at Florida, 4 years; yellow pine at Florida, 5 years. Both Slate and Colonial fellow shades are involved. The guides, of early 1942, one using Ti-Fure R-610, the other Titanox A-24, are slightly better in all respects than any of the tests, which aret (a) Oil Conservation, Lowe Brothers' suggested pigmentation using 414, R-610, no lead titanate. (b) Same, but also using Lowe Brothers' vehicle, 2-1/4 gallons less oil, more thinner. (c) Hew SWP Tint Base as of early 1943. 414, R-610/leod titanate at 1/2 ratio. 3. Panels 8121-32 F were examined after 36 months' exposure in Miami, checking the performance of high acid oils in SflP white and cream. This series uses the same paints as 7021-32 F, painted a year earlier, to observe whether storage of paints containing high acid oils and zinc oxide would reduce durability due to excessive zinc 3oap formation, du Pont Pigment Division in 1943 recommended that acid values for the composite vehicle above 13 should be avoided, While the bodied oils in this series had individual acid values approaching 22, they could be used only as a portion of the binder, bo that the acid value of the composite vehicle never exceeded 9. 0007-SWP-044565 0007-SWP-000113934 -19- #97 - Pont. The teste Indicate that package stability ia excellent. In both the white and cream paints, there are no differences in performance except for the minor variations noted: Bodied Oil Deed (48) (506) (213) S 70 - 0K0 Acid Value Bodied Oil 11.2 21.7 6.3 2.0 Composite Acid Value 5.5 9.0 4.0 2.7 Remark^ Normal failure. Slightly greater failure Normal failure. Slightly low in tint retention. 50/60 (48)/S 70-0K0 6.6 4.1 Normal failure. 4. Exposures 10650-5 F, C were examined after 1-1/2 years (two summers) at Chicago and Florida, vertical south. All are 2-coat work on cedar beveled siding with Bax 450 Undercoater. The basic formula ia Rex 471 SUP Gloss White of 3-14-45, a 50/50$ R-200/FF titanium type. The test involves substitution of Certain special oils, with results as follows: (a) SR-1172, Dow Resin X-480, a 15$ styrene modified linseed used for all oil. Good durability. Although most challqr, it is rather dirty at Chicago. (b) ADM 75-5 oil, containing cyclopentadiene, Y and 2-4 viscosities, all except 12 gallons of (2) being replaced. Least satisfact ory of group. Clean, but serious checking end cracking. (c) Wolin IS oil, presumably a polyallyl ester of dehydrated castor fatty acids. Used for all oil and for (2) only. Good dura bility. Slightly dirty at Florida. Brush marks too prominent when used 100$. 5. A progress report was written on two series of exposures, 10927-32 F, C and 10945-65 F, C, covering several tests of soya oils in Rex 471 SWP Gloss White, related closely enough in all respects to he summarised together. All tests are on cedar beveled siding, primed with Rex 450 Undercoater tinted gray to emphasize erosion, and have been exposed 12 to 14 months at Florida and Chicago, vertical south. Some tint tests are included, but with no significant results to date. The two reports dated December 16, 1947, contain many details too numerous to include here. In general, however, there are remarkably few differ ences in performance among these paints, including the regular guides. The materials tested ore listed below, with notations viiere there are any significant variations from normal. 0007-SWP-044566 0007-SWP-000113935 197 - Cont P.P.G. Soya (Selected) #500, jjonjal body, replacing (s) only. Possible tendency to check, qjuite noticeable brush marks. CVR-569 Linseed (44) brought, to (48) body. This and ell follow ing are substituted for the usual 19 gallons of (48). Brush marks slightly more than average. CVR-570 P.P.G. S0-500 soya brought to (48) body. CVR-571 Soya (1275) plus catalyst, at (48) body. CV-7027 Bis soya, tir-blown to (48) body. Probably least free chalking. CV-7028 S08-treated soya, at (48) body. CV-7029 Catalyst-bodied soya, at (48) body. CVR-5B4 80/2055 (l275)/tung oil, blended at (48) body. Least checking tendency (microscopic so far) of the last four items. While differences in dirt collection are smell, in the earlier stages CVR-571 shows the greatest dirt collection, and linseed (48) the least. The Bis soya usually is the best of the soya oils in clean-up, with the soya-tung combination oil close. . 0007-SWP-044567