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(`, > iEXTRU SI ON a nd fMOLDIN G 11 :< if r .) SI *, TECHNICAL. DATA MARCH 1953 : j. ' BAKE L I T E COM P A N Y -A DIVISION OF UNION CARBIDE AND'CARBON CORPORATION ms " ucc 058062 CONTENTS PACE NO. Foreword Introduction .............................................................. Formulation of Vinyute Plastic Extrusion and Molding Compounds 5 Resins ...................................................................... Plasticizers ................................. 5 Stabilizers ............................................................................... -......... 6 Colorants .............................................. 6 Lubricants .......................................................................................... 6 Fillers........... ..............................................................................' 6 Development Requests ............................................. Applications of Vinyute Plastic Extrusion and Molding Compounds 6 7 Elastomeric Extrusion Compounds ......................................... S Elastomeric Molding Compounds...................................................... Rigid Extrusion and Molding Compounds ............................. 10 12 Some Special Properties of Vinyute Plastics Extrusion and Molding Materials of Vinyute Plastics........................... Suggestions for the Design Engineer........................................................ Average Properties of Extrusion and Molding Compounds ......... 14 15 16 .17 Other Plastics for Extrusion and Molding........................................................22 4 5 5 The terms Bastute, Vinyute, Hastelloy, and Haynes Stellite are registered trade-marks of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation. Copyright 1950 and 1953 by Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation ucc 058063 VINYLITE TRACE.MAftK EXTRUSION AND MOLDING TECHNICAL DATA MARCH 1953 BAKELITE COMPANY A DIVISION OF UNION CARBIDE AND CARBON CORPORATION ESS 30 East 42nd Street, New York 17, N. Y. ucc 058064 FOREWORD Bakelite Company, a Division of Union Carbide and Carbon Cor poration, is a supplier of a number of synthetic resins and plastics. These are available in a variety of forms and are suitable for use in a number of compounding, processing and fabricating techniques. Included in this group of synthetic materials are a number of important members: Vinylite Plastic flexible film and sheeting, rigid sheets, electrical insulating materials, extrusion and molding materials, and resins for calendering and the formulation of surface coatings; Bakelite phenolic resins and plastics for use as molding materials and for the formulation of coating, adhesive, impreg nating and sealing compositions; Bakelite styrene plastics for extrusion, molding, and surface coatings; and Bakelite poly ethylene resins and plastics for molding, extrusion and surface coatings. The extrusion and molding of these important plastic materials has resulted in useful products that have been valuable assets to a number of industries. The information contained in this booklet should suggest many new applications and inquiries from all those interested in these materials are invited. "VINYLITE" BRAND RESINS AND PLASTICS Extrusion and Molding Materials The superior properties imparted to products made from Vinylite resins and plastics ha\e been evidenced time and again -- as film and sheeting, electrical in sulating materials, and as surface coatings. These same superior properties can be imparted to a wide variety of applications by use of molding and extrusion tech niques. They are tough, strong, light-in-weight, dura ble, and chemically inert. They can be compounded so that they are either rigid or as flexible as desired. The color range of these materials is virtually un limited. Extrusion and molding of Vinylite plastic com pounds are economical mass production methods by which outstanding articles have been created. The scope of the designer has been substantially broad ened. Manufacturers have been benefitted by the avail ability of unique materials from which his products can be made. The consumer has found a host of qual ity products that serve his needs better. Bakelite Company is a supplier of both Vinylite plastic compounds for use in molding and extrusion techniques and Vinylite resins from which these com pounds may be formulated. In addition to the infor mation contained in this booklet, more specific tech nical data may be obtained from any one of the sales offices listed on the back cover. Formulation of "Vinylite" Plastic Extrusion and Molding Compounds The compounds used for the extrusion and molding of Vinylite plastics are scientific mixtures of several in gredients, each of which contributes valuable proper ties to the final product. These ingredients include the basic vinyl resin, plasticizer (if a flexible product is desired), stabilizers, lubricants, colorants, and fillers. The choice of any materials to be used is dependent on an analysis of properties which the final plastic product must possess. Resins Vinylite resins for use in extrusion and molding com pounds are high molecular weight organic substances synthesized by reacting vinyl chloride, a gas, with itself or with vinyl acetate, a liquid, so that the mole cules add together and form long chain compounds, which can be compared in structure to a string of paper clips. In appearance, after manufacture, the resins are fine, white powders, but after the application of heat, the resin particles fuse together. When the mass is cooled, a hard, rigid plastic results. This plastic will soften when heated above a definite temperature and thus allows its use in extrusion, molding, and cal endering operations. The properties of these resins can be modified by varying molecular weight or the ratio of vinyl chloride to vinyl acetate, and thus provide the formulator with a wide range of base resins for use in compounding. These Vinylite resins first became commercially available in 1934. Since then an intensive development program, which has involved thousands of chemical and processing experiments has been prosecuted to determine the resins and ingredients which are best suited for the various type compounds. From these many years of development have evolved the generalpurpose and specialty compounds which are available today. Formulating and processing data is available for those companies that wish to manufacture their own compounds from Vinylite Resins. Plasticizers Plasticizers are high boiling organic liquids or low melting solids which are added to the resins to make the final plastic compound flexible. Plasticizers accom plish this by separating the resin chains and reducing intermolecular forces, hence allowing the resin chains to move over each other more freely. No one plasticizer has been found suitable for all types of vinyl plastic applications. A number are very useful as general-purpose plasticizers and others are available for use in specialty type compounds. For example, compounds for use in garden hoses must exhibit good resistance to water and sunlight, and must possess a high strength at elevated temperatures with out being so stiff on a cool evening that the hose can not be coiled. On the other hand, the flexibility, and hence the plasticizer requirements, of a compound for a deep freezer lid gasket are quite different. Here, the compound must possess good low temperature flexibil ity, good color, and must not mar paints and other ucc 058066 plastic components. The only high temperature re quirement is that the compound must not exude plasti cizer if the gasket is stored at room temperature or higher. Similarly, a compound for use as distributor cap nipples will require outstanding electrical proper ties as contrasted with the mechanical and color needs of a compound for vacuum cleaner bumpers. Slabiliz rs Stabilizers are added to vinyl resins for the purpose of stabilizing against the degrading action of heat and light. Compounds which are to be used in exclusively exterior applications are stabilized more strongly than compounds intended for interior use. This fact should be taken into consideration when specifying compounds. Colorants Vinylite resins are essentially colorless and hence per mit the use of a wide variety of coloring agents. The principal limitations to the use of any colorant involve possible undesirable chemical interaction with the other ingredients in the plastic, or a tendency of the colorant to bleed in the presence of oils or liquids. The light stability of any colorant must also be considered when formulating compounds, especially for exterior use. The end-use and the exact color of the final com pound dictate the colorants to be used in its formula tion. Lubricants Lubricants are oils or waxes or other chemicals which are incorporated into plastics to prevent sticking dur ing hot compounding, molding, and extrusion opera tions. A lubricant docs this by forming a thin film on the hot metal surfaces of the equipment. Lubricants are selected according to the type of fabrication method to be used. Fillers Economical mineral fillers are sometimes used to ex tend the resin. This is done only when the properties of unfilled Vinyutu plastic compounds are much su perior to those actually needed by an application. An excess of filler, however, results in drastic reduction of the outstanding properties available with unfilled formulations. Development Requests Occasionally a new application will arise which cannot use any of the many general-purpose and specialty type compounds available. If the use of a plastic com pound in such an application appears reasonable, the laboratories of Bakelite Company will assist in develop ing a compound to meet the requirements of this appli cation. When a new compound is requested for a special application, the problem is assigned to a group of engineers and chemists in the various development laboratories. These engineers and chemists are experi enced in plastics and plastics processing and have at their disposal the latest of modem laboratory and in dustrial plastics equipment. In addition to their own extensive personal experiences, these engineers are assisted by the many thousands of chemical, mechani cal, weathering, and processing experiments which have been conducted in the past. ucc 058067 * 'fcA \i APPLICATIONS OF "VINYLITE" PLASTIC f*- ' Extrusion and Molding Compounds VINYLITE Plastic Extrusion and Molding compounds serve a multitude of uses. The following pages show some of the outstanding applications of these materials and explain the properties which characterize each application. \ \ ucc 058068 "VINYLITE" PLASTIC ELASTOMERIC EXTRUSION COMPOUNDS Resist Sunlight and Oxidation Garden hose extruded from Vinylite plasties resists the ac tion of sunlight, oxygen, water, oils, greases and other agents which rot most hoses. These plastic hoses are lightweight and strong; and they possess high scufT resistance and excellent color stability- Vinylite plastics are used both as the sole ma terial in hoses or as a jacket over cotton-braided, rubber core hoses. Both types are products that sell -- because they utilize the colors and long life of prop erly formulated plastic com pounds. Outstanding Electrical Properties Vinylite plastics are outstanding for insulating and jacketing wires and cables. The electric plug and the wire are insulated with Vinylite plastics, each compound being formulated to fulfill its specific role. ucc 058069 I l.'v-.'IM *~'*A3S:1 - ^ ;;-0 sTefr^ m Good gloss, smnrt colors l-`le\ible costume belting and stiaps *'\ti nclctl fiom Viwlih. plastics arc glossv. smart appearing ami colorful. Such belting is often embossed or punted to pioduce a wide vaiietv of stvles and designs Ilesist Abrasion and Sculling Treads loi laddeis used in sleeping cats resist alnasion, sculling, and eslnhit escellcul non-skid cliaiuctei isties. V ell designed, the tread is easilv extruded and Ills snugk to the steps to gi\ c a duialilc. low cost slep-enseinblc. Tough and durable gasket', welting and utliei complex sliapes also aie produced easily lioni Visll III plastics C ilicnucally lueit Intia\einiii' tubing ini use in blued ti,.ns|iisions is ex truded fiom \ ixuali: plastic'. The chemical incitin'", tile ile\ibilit\. and tile ease of handling ol this tubing demonspate the outstanding properties mailable m \iMim. plastics y..< Jr. b'.' ;,, . S v ; r-: -V ;-, * a ( 4^t *m.-- v\5 s'V ^ l'.~{ . ^vi j.y -vj, ,.%.i 2.'-*+* ' '"cl.--''S'* :.z) . > y 'V4K AS- ;i / \. ucc 058070 n VINYLITE" PLASTIC ELASTOMERIC MOLDING COMPOUNDS ucc 058071 '-s.: v >` < Pleasing Appearance anil Smart Colors \ .iiimni cleaner bumpers molded limn \issiiii plastics aie tunrrh. resilient, eciinmnic.il Id multi, ami hair a sni.nl, X kv_-v pli'.isint; appearance. Stuck, madc-to-mdci. m special culm matched compounils assure culm,' that matili emnplement, m emit last with the culms ol tie- other ]iaits ol the cleauet Lon- Temperature Flexibility Fins casket foi an ice cieam freezer liil is mamilai tin t il limn a compound formulated to lie flexible at mom ternpet at ores and at temperatures below free/inu In addition to life-lone low temperature llexibihtv. the gasket has a clean, gloss' colm anti resists tlie action u) food lats anil . N o| eases. Per*; 'trl1 Resist Ozone Electric sparks such as are encountered in automobile igni tion distributors convert oxvgen into high!' ilestnietne ozone. Tests which involved exposure to cmicentiatcd ozone at room temperature for over six hours have shown that distributor cap nipples molded from Visx u i r. plasties (at extreme left in photograph) are imalleeted h\ ozone. Natural and synthetic rubber nipples failed in the same test. Easv to mold, the plastic nipples stav soil anil flexible lor the lile of the automobile. Wide Range of Colors .Handle bar grips exemplify some of llie small colors w Inch make JAK'j&tig product. Because the colorants are proper!' selected, the colors will out bleed out m tub of! onto a occ 058012 Soli and Pliable--<ir I lord awl Stilf \ wide i.iii'^o <il llosihihls is .nailable when \isii.m, pi.1 stits ;oc spufifn<! The li.m cullers shown esomplih ,i -ult. pliable C< UUpOUIld I'llOsc Clllh'IS. molded Ill one pn-ie to save assembling costs .no so soft and double that thc\ tan ho worn own wlnlo sleeping. They are poimnnentb llewhlo ami aie uiiufloctod In hair diossing.s. soap, am] w at<`i`. Hcsist Sculling and Ahrasion I <111oh Visylito. plastics piotoot smart lug gage I mm scuffs and hicks Snell edging is not oiih attiactive hut can bo wiped clean a damp cloth. And despiti the huge ill aft of this item, fill-nut piohloms u cu ed to a minimum with the use of \ isi i.i i l plastics. laws (lost Hallies' shoo lilts injection molded in on piece Irom Vi vw.m' plastics sen c lor eitln : shoe and reipuie no assemble opeiatioii' Fastei esek-s lowci lejections, no assembb piohloms, and a dutuble plastic cieatc an efficient. low cost aitide ww % r*7 4 gl//.'a ucc 058073 3^ \' "VINYLITE" RIGID EXTRUSION AND MOLDING COMPOUNDS Resist Chemicals Vinyute rigid plastics resist the action of most chemicals. They exhibit excellent lesistance to mineral acids, dilute or concentrated, to sodium and potassium hydroxide, to hvdrogen peroxide, chlorine water, tincture of iodine, and tuber corrosive chemicals. They exhibit good resistance to alcohols, oils, falx, and waxes. The photograph shows a solvent resistant cologne flash cap molded from Vinyljte rigid plastics. However Vixyuie plastics are soluble in ketones, such as acetone, meihrl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; and they dissolve or swell in organic acids, esters, or others, de pending upon the specific organic fluid. This highly selec tive resistance to solvents imparts good chemical resistance to articles made from these plastics, vet allows the use of solvents and sols ent-base adhesives when joining and welding plastic items into complex shapes. *# , Long Lasting Monofilaments extruded from Vinylite rigid plastics for brooms and brushes are tough, long-lasting, resilient and easy to clean. They weigh one-third less than older mate rials and make a light-weight, easy-to-use broom or brush. Attractive Colors Stripping for finishing linoleum edges makes a colorful and attractive article when extruded from Vivyute rigid plas tics. The stripping has to be tough and scuff and kick re- *,, ,,-nii in cuch an nnnlieation. I Ili'Ji Fidelity, l nhreakable lictuids 111'>i(!< < 1 ......... Viwiin plasties reptodtice all tin null v Ir-J, <M |mi with int1 elaritv and absence <1 in i (Hi* mmIiIi noiM's. Tlie\ ne \ 1111 lalK notvhrcakable .mil mm-u .n piiiu 1 !h`m lemids molded from compmituK vpi ci.ilh desmm d l<*i pin up .iph teeords. have been levied |<i| li.niiv ,.m.1 Immiiv in (he l.iln.i(nrv and altei nrii hnndi i dv *l pl.iNiirjv iln'ii miiI.mi* noise is less than that ni mans inipl.iM d 11 i >*i<I\ pi.idneed limn older matciials F\celli*nt Dimensional Stnhilitx and lam Mold Shrinkage hor molding to close tnleiatu.es and loi hibi it at mg .ntieles ns lieu* an inch must muain an mih. \ inn i 111 ligid mold ing eomponntK aie outstanding, The hne.n inefficient o| thermal expansion in inches pel dewier (Tntigiade is I) (100069 and the .mold shrinkage is 0 1 per eent, the low e.st mold shrinkage ol am connneieial plastic. VlWI.m: rigid plasties Ueie ehosen toi the dispense) unit shown in the photograph heranse of then iveflen! dimensional stahihtv. then loss mold shiiiikagi . then ihem Ha) icsislaiue. and their ahiht\ to mold to .i beautiful finish. UCC Sfv J\V 2L; * ,-U < :V^*'*- /- if- ?-": t-, ''. t*- -*: i.* . , SOME SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF "VINYUTE" PLASTICS ^ The general properties of Vinyute plastics which are available by means of correct and scientific formula tion have been described on previous pages, and spe cific values of the properties of many popular Vinyute plastic compounds are also reported on pages 17-20. A few special properties which require further discussion and tire general limitations of Vinyute plastic com pounds are discussed on this page. Toxicity While unmodified Vinyute resins are of a very low order of toxicity, the toxicity of extrusion and molding compounds may be affected by the plasticizers, sta bilizers, and other materials used. Suitable compounds must be selected by the fabricator for his own applica tions. Inquiry should be made in doubtful cases. Water Absorption Articles fabricated from Vinyute rigid plastics have been immersed in warm water for a period of two years with water absorption in percent by weight being only 0.152. The absorption of water by plasti cized compounds is slightly higher, but in general the resistance to absorption is considered excellent Aver age values of water absorbed by standard elastomeric compounds range from 0.06 to 0.30%. Values of soluble matter lost range from 0,05 to 0,30% (A.S.T.M. Test D 570-42). Flame Resistance Vinyute plastics are classified as slow-burning or self extinguishing materials. They will bum when exposed to a direct open flame though they exhibit marked resistance to burning and upon removal from the flame the burning decreases to a very low rate or ceases entirely, depending upon the particular compound. Rigid compounds are self-extinguishing, while the flammability for standard elastomeric compounds is only 0.25 -- 0.35 sq. in. per sec. for .020" samples (ASTM Test D-568-43). Plasticized compounds can be formulated to be self-extinguishing. Weathering When desired, compounds with substantially increased resistance to sunlight can be formulated. High Temperatures Vinyute plastics are thermoplastic or heat softening by nature, and hence they are not recommended for applications where excessive or prolonged high tem peratures are encountered. In general, molding and extrusion compounds are suitable at temperatures up to 60 deg. C (140 deg. F). However, for some special applications, compounds are available for use at tem peratures approaching 100 deg. C (212 deg. F). Plasticizer Migration Many plasticizers which possess most of the desired properties, exhibit migration, i.e., the plasticizer will migrate slowly into adjoining materials such as poly ethylene, polystyrene, and varnishes to their detriment. However, because some compounds possess consider ably lower plasticizer migration than others, careful selection of the compound for a given application will generally avoid difficulties with plasticizer migration effects. ucc 058075 EXTRUSION AND MOLDING MATERIALS; OF "VINYLITE" PLASTICS Stock and Made-to-Order j Over two hundred stock and made-to-order Vinylite Plastic Compounds are a' ail- Compounds ! able from Bakelite Company for extrusion and molding. These materials offer a : wide range of physical properties and colors for your selection. A Bakelite Tech* j nical Representative can furnish technical information pertinent to these com- pounds and can help select the proper compound for any application. Resins For those companies that wish to formulate their own plastic compounds, four resins -- Vinylite Resins VYNW, VYNS, VYHH and QYNA -- which vary in molecular weight and chloride-acetate ratio -- are available. A Bakelite Tech nical Representative can recommend a resin or resin mixtures and formulas for evaluation in the equipment av ailable and for the applications intended. Extruded Items Bakelite Company does not offer items extruded from Vinylite Plastics. However, an up-to-date list of extruders of Vinylite Plastics and information concerning suppliers of certain size or shaped articles or type of custom work are available upon request. Molded Hems Technical Assistance Bakelite Company does not offer items molded from Vinylite Plastics. However, an up-to-date list of molders of Vinylite Plastics and information concerning suppliers of certain size or shaped articles or type of custom work are available upon request. " The Technical Representatives of Bakelite Company .are available to assist in choosing the correct material, in eliminating molding and extrusion difficulties, or in obtaining technical information pertinent to plastic products. ucc 058076 ! SUGGESTIONS FOR THE DESIGN ENGINEER i..-- - ----------------- - -- This page lists a number of applications of Visyute Plastic Extrusion and Molding Compounds. Beside each application are listed a number of popular stock or made-to-order compounds which are used or have been used for this application. Although a particular application and set of equipment may require a com pound with different properties such as color and hard ness than these compounds possess, this listing will familiarize you with the performance and general type of use of these popular compounds. Application Automobile Parts: broke pedal pads clutch pedal pads door escutcheon door lock knobs distributor cap nipples fender welting Beer scraper Belts: camera case straps \ handbag straps f men's belts s men's suspenders 1 women's belts ) Bottle Closures Flexible or Rigid F F F F F F R F F R Bowling Pin Inserts Bumpers: vacuum cleaners, etc Calculating Instruments Dolls: complete and parts Electrical Plugs Gaskets & Packing Rings, Washers Fish lures Grommets Hair Curlers ' Hammer Heads Heel Wedge Inserts Hose & Tubing: garden hose F F R R F F F F F F F F F F intravenous tubing Knitting Needles Ladder Tread Linoleum Stripping Monofilaments F F R F R R R Extrusion or Molding M M M M M X M X X M M M M M M M M M M M M M M X X X X X X X X Appearance opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque translucent transparent opaque transparent translucent opaque opaque opaque opaque translucent opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque transparent transparent opaque opaque transparent transparent opaque opaque opaque transparent translucent Compeund Number VG-7734 Colors VG-7734 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9980 Colors VG-7734 Black 02 VG-9930 Black 02 VG-9790 Black VG-3624 Colors VG-1918 Clear 01 VG-5980 Colors VG-1800 Colors VG-3624 Colors VG-5624 Colors VG-9990 Natural VG-9160 Colors VG-9950 Colors VG-3624 Colors VG-5624 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9530 Colors VG-9930 Colors VG-7734 Colors VG-9970 Colors VG-7734 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9990 Colors VG-9970 Colors VG-1586 Natural VG-1586 Clear 01 VG-5586 Colors VG-5976 Colors VG-1916 Clear VG-1914 Clear 01 VG-5885 Colors VG-5980 Colors VG-5885 Colors VG-1100 Natural VG-3101 Natural ucc 058077 Application Pump Sprayer for Bottles Refrigerator Ports; door bumpers shelf support grommets container cover bumpers tank hanger hole plugs evaporator compartment door bumper drip tray gaskets breaker slrips Shoe Lifts Stair Treads Tires for Toys Typewriter type bar rests Vacuum Cleaner Parts: brush cups brush nozzles adapters handles bumpers foot pedals Upholstery Welting fl*JCtbU or Rigid R R R F F F F F F R R R F F F F F F F F F F Extruiien or Molding M M X M M M M M M X M M X M X M M M M X M X Appearance translucent translucent opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opoque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque opaque Compound Number VG-3624 Colors VG-3623 Colors VG-5885 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-9960 Colors VG-5385 Colors VG-9980 Brown 08 VG-9930 Colors VG-5980 Colors VG-7734 Colors VG-7770 Black 02 VG-9970 Colors VG-9160 Colors VG-9970 Colors VG-9970 Colors VG-5980 Colors VG-9160 Colors VG-9930 Colors i Table I lv tf .' "VINYLITE" RESINS FOR EXTRUSION AND MOLDING COMPOUNDS AVERAGE PROPERTIES *V'% RESIN DESIGNATION WHH VYNS VYNW Appearance Odor Powdered White Solid Powdered White Solid Powdered White Solid All resins are substantially odorless. Approximate Composition-- Vinyl Chloride--weight, % Vinyl Acetate --weight, % 85.0-88.0 12.0-15.0 88.5-91.5 8.5-11.5 96.0-97.0 3.0-4.0 Specific Gravity 1.36 1.36 1.39 Specific Viscosity* 1 0.536-0.567 0.875-0.925 _ 2-- -- 0.21 min. Screen Analysis-- Minimum % through U.S.B.S. Screen No. 20 40 80 98 -- -- 98 99.5 99.0 -- 50.0 Heating Loss, Maximum, % 2.0 1.0 1.0 Type of Use-. Sole resin or in resin mixtures for rigid compounds. In resin mixtures for Sole resin or in rigid and elasto- resin mixtures for meric compounds. rigid and elasto- meric compounds. * 1. 1.00 gm, resin per 100 ee. of solution in methyl Hobutyl ketone at 20 deg. C. 2. 0.2 gm. resin per 100 cc. of nitrobenzene at 20 deg. C. QYNA Powdered White Solid 100 1.40 --i 0.190-0.210 _ -- -- Sole resin or in resin mixtures for elastomeric compounds. UCC 17 Table II ELASTOMERIC EXTRUSION COMPOUNDS -AVERAGE PROPERTIES AND EXTRUSION CONDITIONS Types and Uses Compound Designation Transparent VC-1716 Cltar 01 VG-5960 Colors General-Purpose Opaque VG-5970 Colors VG*5980 Colors VO-3770 Colon A.5.T.M. Test Method Properties Shore Durometer "A" Hardness 80 60 70 80 90 D 676-47T Specific Gravity 1.24 1.27 1.29 1.32 1.35 D 792-48T Tensile Strength, lb. per sq. in. 3000 1900 2300 2800 3200 D 412-41 Ultimate Elongation, per cent 300 390 340 290 275 D 412-41 Stiffness, lb. per sq. in. at 25 C. 0C. 1500 18000 575 1425 775 3900 1860 19000 3300 50000 D 747-48T D 747-48T Brittle Temp. Deg. C. -26 -39 --32 -22 -15 D 746-44T Tear Resistance, lb. per in. 545 300 400 525 675 D 624-48 Extrusion Machines: Most commercial plastics extrusion machines. Land of screw hard-foced with HAYNES STELLITE alloy or. otherwise suitably hardened. Head and die chromium plated or otherwise suitably protected. Cylinders made of HASTELLOY alloy desirable. Initial Conditions suggested for determining optimum conditions: Temperature: Back cylinder 300*F. 150*C. 290*F. 145'C. 290 F. 145*C. 300"F. 150*C. 320*F. 160*F. Temperature: Front cylinder Temperature: Head Temperature: Die** 320*F. 160*C. 300'F. 150*C. 300*F. 150"C. 320*F. 160*C. 340*F. 170* F. 320-340"F. 160-170"C. 300-320F. 150-160C 300-330F. 150-165"C, 320-350*F. 160-175*C. 320-350F. 160-175*C. 320-390'F. 300-375*F. 300-375'F. 320-390`F. 320-390'F. 160-200'C. T50-190C. 150-190C. 160-200C. 160-200*C. Screw--75-125F. water as required to control screw temperature. Breaker Plate and 5creens--A screen pack consisting of one each of a 20, 40 and 60 mesh screen is normal. ** Die Temperature dependent on surface gloss desired. ucc 058079 Table III ELASTOMERIC MOLDING COMPOUNDS ! AVERAGE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MOLDING CONDITIONS \ -` Typo of Compound Opoqwo Gon*ral-Purpoi, Good Glow Easy to Mold Opaque, filled compounds for Industrial us>, fair gloss A.S.T.M, Tost Mtthod Compound Number VG-9950 VO-9940 VG-9970 VG-99B0 VG-9990 VG-9160 VG-7734 VG-7738 Properties: Shore Durometer "A" Hardness, (5) Specific Gravity 55 60 70 80 85 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.37 65 1.33 60 55 1.35 1.34 D 676-47T D 792-48T Tensile Strength, lb. per sq. in. 1500 1900 2200 2700 2900 1900 1500 1200 D 412-41 Ultimate Elongation, per cent 390 380 330 285 260 340 380 390 D 412-41 Stiffness, lb. per sq. in. at 25'C. 0"C. 500 670 900 1450 3300 900 1500 5800 18500 36000 Brittle Temp. Deg. C. -40 -36 -30 -25 -15 550 3000 -26 500 1500 470 950 --28 -40 D 747-48T D746-44T Tear Resistance, lb. per in. 240 285 385 550 600 350 170 135 D 624-48 Molding Machines: Most commercial plastics injection molding machines. Torpedo and nozzle chromium plated or otherwise suitably protected--cylinder! chromium plated or hardened with HASTELIOY alloy or otherwise suitably protected. Molding Conditions: Mold Temperatures 100- 100- 100- 100- 100- 100iio'f. 110"F. no*F. 110F. no'F. 110F. 40-45'C. 40-45*C, 40-45'C 40-45'C. 40-45C. 40-45 "C. 100110F. 40-45*C. 100110'F. 40-45eC. Cylinder Temperatures 330F. 340*F. 350"F. 360*F. 165'C. 170"C. 175C. 180*C. 360F. 180C. 330*F. 165*C. 330*F. 165*C. 330*F. 165*C. Pressure, psi 70009000 75009500 8000- 1000010000 12000 1200014000 800010000 1000015000 70009000 ucc 058080 Table IV RIGID EXTRUSION COMPOUNDS AVERAGE PROPERTIES AND EXTRUSION CONDITIONS Typ* and Us* Compound Designation Properties: Specific Gravity Tensile Strength, psi. Flexural Strength, psi. Modulus of Elasticity, psi. Heat Distortion Temperature (at 264 psi fiber stress) Water Absorption-- Water absorbed-- Solubles lost-- Light Transmission Light Reflectance Specular Light Transmission GtiwratPurpot* Opoqw vG-sees 1.43 6700 10,600 430,000 147F. 0.10% 0.02% -- -- -- Ctaor MonofiJamantt Opoqu* VG-1100 CI*or 02 VG3101 Natural 1.35 35-40,000* -- -- 63C. 1.39 35-40,000* -- -- 66'C. ---- ---- ---- ---- A.S.T-M. Tt M*1hod D 71-27 D 638-42T D 790-44T D 790-44T D 648-45T D 570-42 Bakelite Test Method WC-98A and BC-988 Knot tensile strength, psi -- 17-20,000* 15-20,000* Ultimate elongation -- 30%* 30%* Percent Shrinkage at 65C. -- 6-10%* 1.5-2%* Extrusion Machines: Most commercial plastics extrusion machines. Land of screw hard-faced with HAYNES STELLITE alloy or otherwise suitably hardened. Head and die chromium plated or otherwise suitably protected. Cylinders made of HASTELLOY alloy desirable. Initial conditions suggested for determining optimum extrusion conditions; Temperature, Back Cylinder Front Cylinder Head Die Screw 300F. 150'C. 300*F. 150*C. 320*F. 160C. 320F. 160C. 230F. 110'C. 260*F. 125*C. 285*F. 140C. 300#F. 150C. 330*F. 165C. 250F. 120C. 275F 135C. 310F. 155'C. 310*F. 155*C. 32QF. 160'C. 280F. 138*C. No Breaker Plate and Screens--Use not recommended except in special cases. Properties of properly orientated monofilaments. ucc 058081 Table V ' RIGID MOLDING COMPOUNDS AVERAGE PROPERTIES AND MOLDING CONDITIONS - V * i 1 Typ and U of Compound Compound Designation Properties Mold Shrinkage Gofiorol*PurpotO Molding Clear Translucent VGMI-IB3J7 Colors VG-W24 Colors 0.1% 0.1% A.S.T.M, Tost Method Specific Gravity, 70/70 deg. F. Tensile Strength, lb. per sq. in. 1.33 8600 1.33-1.34 6500 D 71.27 D 638-42T Compressive Strength, lb. per sq. in. Flexural Strength, lb. per sq. in. (Modulus of Rupture) 11,000 13,700 9,900 9,100 D 695-42T D 790-44T Modulus of Elasticity in Flexure lb. per sq. in. 430,000 400,000 . D 790-44T Impact Strength, ft. lb. per in. of notch (izod) 0.3 0.5 D 256-43T Heat Distortion Temperature (at 264 lb. per sq. in. fiber stress, deg. F.) 131 129 D 648-45T Flammability Water Absorption, per cent (Total Water Absorbed) Self Extin guishing 0.1 Self Extin guishing 0.07 D 635-44 D 570-42 Molding Machines: Most commercial plastics injection molding machines. Torpedo and nozzle chromium plated or otherwise suitably protected--cylinders chromium plated or hardened with HASTELLOY alloy or otherwise suitably protected. Molding Conditions: Temperature of Molds Temperature of Cylinder Pressure 100-1104F. 40-454 C. 280-3004F. 14Q-150*C. 16,000-22,000 lbs. per sq. in. 100-1 104F. 40-45`C. 280-3004 F. 140-150*C. 16,000-22,000 lbs. per sq. in. ucc 058082 OTHER BAKELITE COMPANY PLASTICS FOR EXTRUSION AND MOLDING Although this booklet discusses extrusion and molding materials manufactured from Vikyute resins, Bakelite Company also markets a wide variety of other plasticmaterials that are available for extrusion and molding purposes. Information per taining to these materials is available upon request. RIGID SHEETS VixvLrrE Rigid Sheets can be blow molded, vacuum molded, or swaged to give thin but tough articles such as three dimensional signs and doll faces. PLASTISOLS Plastisols based on Vinyute Resins, which are paste like dispersions of a resin in a plasticizer, can be dipped molded or slush molded to give elastomeric articles with very complex shapes and very thin in serts such as are beyond the tolerances of standard molding equipment and mold design. POLYETHYLENE Bakelite polyethylene is an outstanding plastic that can be molded into squeezable, chemically-resistant bottles, bottle closures, and many other articles; and can be extruded into thin film for packaging purposes or into chemically-resistant tubing or moisture-resist ant electrical cable insulation. POLYSTYRENE Bakelite Styrene Plastics are well known for their ease of molding, their low mold shrinkage, their clar ity, their brilliant colors, their light-weight and many other desirable properties. Bakelite Styrene Plastics find wide use in industrial articles and in toys, kitchen and picnic items, attractive wall tile, and many other applications. PHENOLIC PLASTICS Bakelite phenolic resins and plastics are important thermosetting materials, and they are widely used in electrical applications, in radio and television cab inets, washing machines agitators, and many indus trial-type applications. ucc 058083