Document 0qDOaLEvy70RNrv9KdROKZENn

PRODUCED BY FORD vary from a few Hundred to a fev million nanometers. Chemical analyaea of ehrysotlle aaHeatoa froa four Important mining localltlea are given In Table 2. { ASBESTOS Of THE VURLD ECOTJCKT Early beginnings Vhlla the general uae of aabeatoa In International coenerce dates only to the late 19th century, Its utility In human culture goes back to at least 2500 B.C. Archeological studies (Europaeus-AyrtlpBS, 1930) show that the Inhabitants of the take JuoJRrvl region of East Finland kr.ev hew to strengthen earthenware pots and cooking utensils with anthophylllte asbestos. This asbestos probably came from the same areas where le was commercially exploited in recent times. According to Ituuskonen (1980; see also Europaeus Ayrfl'pBS, 1930; Horo, 1968), the use of asbestos-strengthened ceramic wares began during the Stone Age and continued throughout the Bronze Age and into the Iron Age. The use of such utensils spread over a wide area of Finland, Scandinavia, and Russia. The mat Important modern use of asbestos, to strengthen mate rials, wss apparently also the first use -- dating back several thousand years. Until recently, however, most other uses of asbestos were trivial; Its fabrication Into such curiosities as cremation doth (Pliny refers to this as a rare and eostly cloth --- llnum vlvum -- the funeral dress of kings), tablecloths (reputedly, Charlemagne, or according to some writers, Charles V, astonished guests by throwing the cloth Into fire and later withdrawing It cleansed, but unconsumed), and lamp wicks (Plutarch recorded that the vestal virgins used "perpetual" lamps). The fabrica tion of lamp wicks may have been a eottage Industry during certain times . In history; Herodotus dearly documented use of such asbestos wicks in the earlier Creek civilization. Even well Into the last century, asbes tos could not be regarded as a product of commerce unless one includes such endeavors ns the small Industry developed In Russia during the rule of Peter the Creat, where ehrysotlle asbestos from the Urals was used for a short period In the production of textiles. In the 1860's and 1870's the market for asbestos products rapidly 284 8005 0053 5co O M m Is - -2 225- r t 's 'll O w- wwv i " : : 5 3 3 s 3 S : 2 5 !| 5 s 5313331! II II 4 * 2 I 2 2 8- 5 5 - 5 | 5 ec 5"c t 5 * 5 ? 1TTTTTT ^ - rf o o or' ~ e c n H . ;! * * - = * S S* * * S s? 5 s -i a3 4* 1 #! S^ =15--r- iTTTTT -t g -- s ? D c' e c e s' :! *? 5 vS > w ti _ =* = 3 s a e = s Z s se | f? TTTTTTTT - a- - - s O s e e| * _ f e* e` : - e- <f ' ; ;. i ? ! P ' ^f ^ W. K K M fe * w (1*9 M|*f It*#, Hl*#V