Document 0oBga5X83kBGR2Bvn9azrgjk

'Ml There's No Trick to Spacing Poles In Perspective When you use this logical, step-by-step method that one practical engineer suggests DATA SHEET. Hydraulic Conversion Factors for Special Pipes To obfofo velocity, velocity hoed or friction lots lor pipoi listed below, toko lor ScMulo 10 pip* <C a 1001 end multiply by factor b Nil* tebfo Hydraulic property y. Pipe ID .853 .788 .677 .674 V4 .878 .754 .711 .884 ---------Hiomlnsl pipe site -inches-- 1 1 Vi IV* 9 8 VS 3 .916 .836 .804 1.097 .916 .840 .808 1.448 .919 .841 .610 1.689 .998 .848 .813 9.157 .881 .773 .731 9.635 .883 .783 .746 3.860 4 .899 .799 .760 4.860 5 .906 .886 .790 5.995 6 .910 .888 ,795 6.357 Pipe ID Vl Pipe ID V| Pipe ID ' V| Pipe ID _____ . _ _____ _____ ____ -- 1.89 1.69 1.01 .55 1.89 1.69 1.01 .546 _____ ___ --w -- _ -- ___ -- 1.83 1.58 .895 .748 1.8) 1.58 .895 .749 1.78 8.97 fi.08 .799 8.33 5.43 4.91 .687 1.90 1.44 .848 .96 1.80 1.44 .848 .957 1.49 9.93 1.48 1.130 1.41 1.97 1.98 1.360 1.68 8.85 1.91 1.0685 1.44 9.06 1.89 1.344 1.17 1.36 .779 1.878 1.15 1.33 .759 1.50 1.17 1.36 .779 1.978 1.15 1.33 .759 1.500 1.30 1.67 1.01 1.817 1.50 9.23 1.44 1.687 1.13 1.89 .733 1.94 1.13 1.89 .733 1.939 1.94 1.54 .907 8.819 1.31 1.78 1.04 9.156 -- ---- -- 1.18 1.36 .800 8.877 1.19 1.40 .814 8.818 1.84 1.55 .916 9.750 -- -- ---- 1.16 1.36 .781 9.849 1.14 1.99 .734 3.776 1.8) 1.59 .894 3.685 -- -- --1 1.15 1.33 .758 3.749 1.17 1.36 .788 4.678 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 1.14 1.99 .733 5.690 1.93 1.51 .889 5.469 -- -- ' -- -- -- -- Vel Pip. ID 1.54 9.40 1.55 .500 1.44 9.07 1.30 .687 1.95 1.57 .938 .937 1.98 1.49 .870 1.950 1.96 1.58 .933 1.437 1.99 1.47 .863 1.875 1.90 1.45 .847 9.950 1.94 1.5S .916 9.750 1.15 1.33 .758 3.750 1.19 1.87 .791 4.750 1.16 1.35 .776 5.685 * HMn. Ilalaei fw 4 Is. on* wdu; J/U-M. living tor S cod 4 la. 1,4; ws arb iHDKDTKo to T C Rithbone, how to space poles, or other objects, chief engineer of mechinery division correctly in perspective. Here's how, of Fidelity & Casualty Co of New York, in our own words: for a logical method of locating a row Suppose, Fig. I, you place poles I of equally spaced poles (or equivalent) and 2 by eye to suit yourself. Draw in perspective. It all started when lines (oil converging to the vanishing Rathbone checked our spacing of the point) locating the tops, bottoms, and poles we sketched in bower. Sept 1952, . centers of poles. p 156. He wrote In to point out a alight Next, Fig. 2, draw a line from (he spacing error In our sketch. bottom of pole 1 through the center of While his correction in no way affects the facta we presented regarding cabl* net projection, we do fee) that eome pole 2. Pole 3 must fall where this Una cuts the line of pole tops. In the same way, a line drawn from the bottom of readers will be interested in knowing pole 2, through eenter of pole 3, locates the top of pole 4, and so on, si pfet in Fig. 2. Now let's take another case. 1 problem Is to locate pole 2, where p 1 and 3 are fixed, Fig. 3. If (he 1 are equally spaced on the ground, I 2 must Ho at the intersection of ( wires, one stretched from the top < to the bottom of 3, and the other f the bottom of I to the top of 3. locates pole 2, os shown in Fig. * The eome methods can be used to P spcetlve sketches of eny objects If v in a straight line and equally ipteed- a. ENOINEERINO ANO MANAGEMENT SECTION' t*dlb is based on the follow* infrteUitons: (1) velocity Is Inversely ^FToportio&il to the area or pipe diem* "?ttr squared (2) velocity head is pro* [ijrtioaal to velocity squared, or In* proportional to the pipe diameter 'ty.Ae fourth power (3) friction loss is ,!^.T*?wly proportional to the roughness n9*cient C to the 1.B5 power and pipe .djinfeter to the 4.B7 power (Williams jttd'Huen formula). C is usually taken JS-100 in designing steel and cast*iron >e based on this d^loe for piping calculations. Inaide diameters listed in the table are those currently used by manufactur ers, such as American Hard Rubber Co and the United States Rubber Co. The roughness coefficients are those usuolly assumed for the particular mo* teriol in question. Blank spaces indicate sixes in which a complete line of pipes and fittings is not currently being manu factured. Although the materials listed ore in wide use at present, these footers apply to any pipe having the same Inside di ameter and roughness coefficient. Problem: Find the friction loss through 350 ft oi lVk*in. Saran-lined steel pipe carrying 30 gpm of water. Solution: From Cameron Hydraulic Data or Permutit Data Book, or other table, low per 100 ft of lV-in. Sched ule 40 pipe, C-100, is 11.1 fr. From table above, correction factor Is 1.29. Then: Friction loss -- 11.1 x 1.29 -- 50.1 ft By Stanley Lrnox The Permutit Co ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT SECTION