Document 0mBjg45aGGjb6g4b5pmj0Kdm

NEW DU PONT CMIU . . . weed and grass killer for industry Small quantities of Du Pont CMU Weed Killer destroy most vegetation and prevent its regrowth for an entire growing season or longer. CMU controls most species that are a problem around industrial locations where weeds and grass harbor vermin, cause a fire hazard or are just a plain nuisance. Nonflammable, nonvolatile and noncor rosive to equipment, CMU comes as a wettable powder ready to mix with water. CMU works through the roots and must be applied to the ground so it can reach the root zone readily. As little as 40 lbs. per acre or 1 lb. per 1,000 square feet usually does the job. It saves labor, cuts maintenance costs. One ap plication of CMU spray takes the place of hand cutting, mowingand other methods of maintenance. Du Pont CMU can be used to advantage in many areas around lumberyards, tank farms, pipe lines, railroads, parking lots, power stations, stor age yards and other industrial sites. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. (INC.) Grasselli Chemicals Dept. M. Wilmington 98, Del. Please send me full information on Du Pont CMU. Name ____________ _______ I FirmI Street____________________________________________________________ I j CityState I I ______________________________________________________ L WHERE DO YOU WANT TO KILL WEEDS? Wherever vegetation is an eyesore, a fire hazard or a maintenance problem, CMU is an effective means of control. For full details, mail the coupon. cJUPlD BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY DU PONT MAGAZINE vd 47 n 0 2 JAMES 11. McCORMICK, Editor Associate Editor, GOKDOJN II. KESTEll Published and copyrighted 1953 by E. I. du Pont de Nemours 8g Co . (Inc.), Wilmington, Deluware. All rights reserved. This magazine or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. JVI A : . A ; Z i ; N AC ft I I, MAY 19 53 Symbolically, a chemist wields a glass test tube. Hat in sc cent l tin l'ant, #/i|i#irln*ifj>i? glass couldn't hub! i'hat oar researchers are mtrking tcilh tty !*K(; MIN Kit Twenty-odd yearn ago, a professor at a New York university poised his red pencil and sc-ed an exam paper. He had caught another laay student trying to sc)ucoze I<v without thinking. Said the etude; u: "To make acetic acid, just add carbon monoxide to riiethanol." To orthodox chemistry, that was unthinkable. `'Today I hope no one remember:' this," U-e pro fessor 1ms coni idee; to us. "For later that `ridiculous* reaction was carried out successfully by Du Pont " 'The professor is definitely U> he forgiven. By the standards of that day, he was right, li wm only with the advent of high-pressure research that dozens of such reactions began to take place. From this squeeze-play research have come such products as synthetic ammonia, antifreezes, plastics, mold inhibitors for bread, nylon intermediates, fertil izers, feed supplements and solvents. All have their roots in the fact that gases, and often liquids, behave most peculiarly under severe pressures. In some ways, they are Hite people. Two men might go out of their way to avoid each other under ordinary circumstances. But, under the pressure of an air raid, you might find them in a shelter with their arms frantically wrapped around each other. Who discovered this abnormal, and interesting, behavior of matter? Wei, the study of chemical reac tions under pressure was pioneered, in the academic research field, by scientists such as Le Chateiier and Ipatieff, Then, about the turn of the century, Haber in Germany came up with a high-pressure process for ammonia. And. Harvard's P. W. Bridgman won a Nobel Prize for Ms fundamental work on the physical properties of matter under high pressures. .......In. the ..'20s,. .Du. Pont. began. its. .industrial. highpressure work at its Belle, V, a, plant. It bore quick fruits. Soon our Ammonia (now Polychemloali) Dept, was turning out synthetic ammonia to free this country from foreign sources of fixed nitrogen for fertilizers, explosiveii mid other products, The plant's synthetic methanol helped make the expression "wood alcohol" passe, and cut the price by oneriliird in a short time. A procession of alcohols and acids began flowing from Belle, and in the '30s highpressure hydrogenation played a part in bringing nylon to market. This story, 'however,-isn't meant to be a catalogue' ofproducts. Bather, we'd like to spotlight high-pressure research. With so many products already coming from it, does Du Pont have any need for it today? If so, what's going on? Where do .we expect it to-lead? As a starter, we certainly are continuing to nurture such research. More than ever. At. least five of our departments are currently engaged in it. ' "BOMBS" STAND ENORMOUS PRESSURE Each has a different motive for exammmg pres sure phenomena. About the only thing they have in common Is the trade-mark of all high-pressure studies --the iteel test tube. Working at super-pressures and often high temperatures, these scientists have aban doned the traditional glassware of chemistry for metal "bombs" that can stand fantastic conditions. It's quite normal, for example, for Du Pont re searchers to work at gas pressures of 1,000 atmos A Iradc-mark of liigli-pressurc st.H.cllci in llic Heel tost tube, or bomb. Tills one Is lit work In. our Organic; Chemicals Dept. pheres. That's equivalent to stacking three full grown elephants one upon the-other--and placing them, if It were possible, on a postage stamp. If a steel vessel has showed the pressures and temperatures at which these a head with an area of only ten square inches, it has to hydrates form. Also, since carbon monoxide is a major be strong enough--and fastened down securely enough Du Pont raw material, Polychem is still holding it --to withstand the pressure exerted by 30 elephants. under the research microscope. And catalysts, the out This suggests that high-pressure research is dan ' sidars In a chemical process that speed It up or change gerous. Let us hasten to state that it need not be. its end products, are always of research interest. Here, aaelsewhare in Du Pont operations, safety comes first. Every metal test tube has its rapture disc; every reaction is conducted from behind a barricade; .every barricade has its eeilingward outlet for shock waves in case anything lets go, "We may lose equipment," say 'thescieutisto,'*lBiit""we safeguard''personnel.''............... Another old-timer in high-pressure work Is our ' Chemical Dept., which has been malting fundamental studies at super-pressures tor many years, Gases, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and ethylene, are vic . . tins.of This.,squeeze. ."What will, happen,"..these, men want to know, "if we change the pressure, the temper As for the activities of our departments, let's look ature, the catalysts?" As they assemble such basic first at Polychemicals. Today its research is vastly knowledge, they have a more rational approach to the different from the days when processes at the Belle study of chemical syntheses, ' plant were getting under way. - Polychem men now regard high pressure as one of many tools instead of virtually an end In itself. "So much has been tamed," say these researchers, "that we feel we can handle practically any chemical reaction we're interested in, using basic know-how that's available." This comfortable position isn't a state of stagna GROUNDWORK FOR HEW PRODUCTS One result of this type of exploratory-research is the unearthing of information that may be-useful to manufacturing departments in developing new proc esses and products. "Teflon" tetrafluoroethylene resin, the tough guy among plastics, is an example, tion. Many refinements in manufacturing processes "Teflon" was originally discovered when a chemist are being studied. For example, ethylene gas, the raw in our Organic Chemicals Dept, suspected there was material for "Alathon" polyethylene resin, tends to something fishy about a certain gas cylinder. It had pick up any moisture that's around--and the resulting been filled with tetrafluoroethylene gas under pressure .ethylene.hydrates'pig'lj.pipilinesr'Reeeif.studies'''' .....TOme time before ... at .yjis jircssiircs <if I ,<100 nlrnosjiiiiTc.s or (In* s!iii*>l4<n>Iiiig mi'laf, its jtlni.*ftiifitn;r.(nr:(l slants. gas came whooshing out. Yet ibe container weighed the same ;ih when the gas was added. The answer came when the man cut open the cylinder. Ln it was a white resin, the material Inter to be known ns "Teflon". A more or less fortuitous discovery, however, is a (a)' cry from a commercial process. You can't, just (ill a batch of cylinders with gas and wad, for several months. That's where pressure research came hi. With the help of special equipment and know how, a manu facturing process fur the infant product was turned out... one operating at low enough pressures to he economical. As both JYiIycliem and the (Ihetnical Dept, agree, the best operation is the one in which the reaction goes on, Jji.it the prtwsurea and temperatures are at ;; minimi nn. Why? Because.1 it costs a great ties I to achieve abnormal conditions. No one ever uses pres sure for pressure's sake. It has to (I.) cause a reaction to occur, (2) speed it up considerably, t: i'.h make it possible somehow to use less costly equipment. Occasionally it's true that you can use a cheaper manufacturing process when you've operating under pressure. "Even soy' says our .Bugmooring Dept.., "we can show you that these higher pressures spell equip ment problems galore." These engineers Item* the brunt of design, material selection, and testing at Du Tout. Very special equip ment, of course, is needed for testing vessels at 1.5,000 pounds per square inch and above. At those pressures, steel vessels may rupture, fail from fatigue, leak gases, ``cold How," corrod o rapidly, or become brittle. A tiny Haw in a reactor, one that wouldn't cause trouble otherwise, may suddenly become a catastrophe, CASK III' T1IK Mlf..y.\!.\ Udl/l'H "Here's what, can happen," cites an Engineering Dept, researcher. "You have a steel vessel with a hoi l.orl-flown head You double the dim notin' of the vessel, head and all. Does the lota I load on the head double? No, it goes up much fa si er. Instead of Hie previous three bolls, you may need ten. Bui you can't find room for ien holts, physically speaking. "You. gel an idea: you make new holts out of a .super-strong alloy steel. The-i you don't need so many bolls. That's line, until you apply the pressure. At that point you. discover the holts arc so much stronger Ilian the vessel I ha I: the bolts start tearing out of the main body of your equipment. "Filially you decide.1 the best course.1 is to make fhe walls of the vessel thicker. But the met a I has to be heal:-trailed, and you can't properly heal ..treat a piece that thick. Flaws, very tiny ones, appear, anti . , This gentleman, needless to say, lias gray hair. But Jis department always finds some sat.isfacwiry compromise between theoretically ideal conditions and j.. .[,.<!,- --B 1HI nm.- i miis ip -- 3 H- ; up hydrostatic pressures from 5,000 to 200,000 able information concerning the eflfrefs of super-pressures. dollars-and-cents operating economy, and then passes this:information on to other groups in the Company. TBEiigiieering'DeptJias'many wiifsof'dealing- ' with mechanical' difficulties. It has facilities for' metal ..... kilttail.researcli--research"' you*d "Pipect"to" "be" done. only - by the -steel; industry. - In its - laboratories -are; heat-treating. furnaces, x-raying machines to detect haws in metals, and devices to examine the effects of continual flexing. In addition, it has hydrostatic pressure-testing machines that run as high as 200,000 pounds per square inch. Another group involved in pressure research is our Organic Chemicals Dept. Practically from the begin - Mug; of Du Poiri's entry: into dye manufacture,. pres sures have been used-. ...................................... .............."But judging from the pressures used nowadays : ' ..in" .research, "we"were" operating .under .a' vacuum!"' .....q.iiIpB"OTie"of"'0'iiyDyei""aiii.Chniical8"Hifil.""EMiiityJ''" - - however, - this - Division's- efforts have -been -tending ... toward..more -extreme- conditions,- Wot.so-much.as- a.. matter of 'manufacturing practice, but as a research tool. If you know what happens to a dye or organic intermediate at high pressures, you're a better judge of what can be done at lower ones. AH manner of strange things, from the viewpoint ....... Glieininhol#ii''l)U''i%iil'tkwt^willi''ti'l.irfghl''fiiirc'iii't-tii!--iii!ii.-....... Jngjtirenfcs itil byc-heuticn-mechaitirally produced -pressure. of orthodox chemistry, have happened in-this research.. "On one occasion we put-hydrogen and carbon toon .oxide!.in..a..reactor," says one of our researchers, "applied, the.pressuie, and came back some time later .to"" draw ""off'" the""reaction "products."" What '"came' out? - First-pure-hydrogen. Then-the monoxide. Those two .gaseslfaad.just-been-sitting-tliere.-one-on top of the other, snubbing each other even at tremendous pres sures. Under such pressures, they were beginning to act like oil floating on water. Normally they'd mix as thoroughly as the oxygen and nitrogen in air." ISMillGf.RELEASING PRODUCTS So far, outside of pure research we've been speak ing only of. Du Pout's work in connection with high .priiBire"|irocesses."But that's hot "the whole story.' We manufacture, for example, a number of products that .are-used -to-produce-high.pressures.- These' energy"" re-' leasers--blasting agents, dynamite, and - sporting pow.der--exist..for... the.', very ...purpose '..of., generating. gases under pressure. The research that delves into such products Is done by our Explosives Dept., where studies are made of the detonation pressures of dynamite, the burning pressures of sporting powder, and the behavior of shockwaves. Mining, quarrying, and construction peo ple constantly benefit from this research. ' Where, you may ask, Is Du Pont heading with all .Qfitrworkiirtlie' field'of pressure?"What" iiew'seieutific -discoveries are-in the wind? On this we'll'have to be so mow h;il- mysterious. In I ho onriy days of li igh pres sure, iJ11 Pout was prefl.y much alone in the Held. Today we have strung compel iters and. imderHbmela l.ilv. our men are not. shewing I heir bands around the table. One thing is plain, lienigh: our researchers are full of enthusiasm about the fundamental information fht-vVe gathering on the bofimdor of matter al high pressures, And if their discoveries ever do end up in .voor doi.hcs dosei, kitchen, garden, garage, factory, or office, we'll let you know. . . . /or plmliest BL-353, join* '`Unieel" MI) Chemically blown rubber had its start, so one story goes, when a rubber cement plant in Europe was destroyed by fire. Later, when the gutted plant was examined, some porous rubber was found. Apparently the ....volatile.solvent.used in.rubber.cement.had.puffed.the rubber into a foamy material. : Today the chemical agents that have replaced the solvent bring you cellular rubber for seat cushions, toys, insulation and shoe soles, and blown plasties as well. In America the first blowing agents were chemical solids. Rubber sponge was made with easily-decomposed materials like sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate--much as baking pow der is added to a cake. - : Today such compounds still find favor, since they're Inexpensive. But new, and in many ways better, products of our Exploslvei Dept, have come on the scene. These are organic compounds like "Unite!" ND sponge rubber blowing agent, which releases nitrogen rapidly to create closed, noninterconnecting cells. In making expanded rubber, the mix ture containing "Unicel" ND is put into a mold and heated. Then, when the pressure is released, the hot mass expands rapidly to form millions of tiny cells. : Springy, expanded rubber is highly resistant to the absorption of liquids and gases. And it has fine insulation and sound-deadening qualifies. The development of expanded plastics has opened another field for "Unicel" ND. Polyvinyl chloride resins are now made into closed-cell sponge by procedures much like those used to make sponge from natural rubber, GR-S, neoprene and other elastomers. The PVC.sponge is light, strong, and has excellent insulating properties. Present uses include a buoyant material for life rafts and vests, and insulated containers. : Other techniques for using "Unicel" ND--ones that avoid the use . of closed molds--are being developed. And the .expansion of plastics other than PVC is also being studied. Still, the preparation of low- density expanded plastics made in open molds with "Unreel" ND presents some problems. That's where our Explosives Dept.'s new :BU-358 comes in. This experimental blowing agent also releases nitrogen, hut it can be used to form sponge with either interconnected or separate cells. Pressures aren't necessary, and it's possible to achieve a wide range of densities in both types of sponge. BL-353 is especially good Lor expanding pkstisols in open molds. And it doesn't impart color or iodor to vinyl-resin sponges. The versatile new blowing agent Is currently available in experi mental quantities of one to five pounds, and larger ones by arrangement. In addition, the department'a technical section has just issued a detailed :technical bulletin explaining its use. Inquiries should be directed to Du Pont Explosives Dept., Room 5500 Nemours Bldg., Wilmington, Del. /a, PLAN K S. I t.UVLK Y I IH i I'if* Htlk`;1 IHnlst'Hif a~>We!i :utnwn III I need people ;ts> ihi' .names of o*ur ecnml.rv's vice .prcHklei'd.K. /\nd this 'ibo miitoraks hedii:' many Uines more |irt\ulc-rd. dam lead. ' la. inaugareKe. nickel, gold, silver. and pfd inmii ores f ti.i i p; *d la*i;<*(her. To sal isfv mr mT c titles! Iy, we phoned ton college graduates chosen at- raidum 1V< ii! an long nor friends, and only I wo both citefiii-ttry major.-....eoidd turns- more j I an two uses for it. Class was moat often nsr-nt ioni, and no mom logical answer is possible, Chynii:4s will toll you iliai. belter liian half of a!; gAtss is composed of Milieu. 'ITit-n llieyd! Iinsteii to add you can'i i.Tt*ut.e gooc j glass uni of (us: any silica. even (he snowy whim sane (Von! ocean head ins. i'o make beat-resistant glassware lor talwr.ilory or home baking; u m'. !< e.v.r nple, g'J;wsmal-mi'.s ofIi-n s(>> t ii\ sandsPnie so pur;.' only ihreo .r four purls of iron oxide in ! ,0<)() aw lolermed Aunt her gpnl consumer of pure cryCalliiR' stliea is Ihr- dtonin al industry. Hever.il firm.-;, including I )u PonL many f.'HiaiVo sodium silicate. an adhesive ; ml liic ;;(<rtiiip; point fur ninny siltcawimiaiiiitig con,., pounds illhei; companies make (lie new sillemnis nr su|k rd ij iig[i carl tide abrasive.1'.. Nothing; yet known combine* flic lew coal ami liieat-.VMislaiict: of silica minora is. for .r.riradory prod- tids. ('ore* and molds for sled castings are major uses. Pirebriel; "or ihe lining of white-ho;. iron furnace;; is aitullicr. Here, as in gLssmai-.mg, the high silica oirtiMil u(' the luimnul is a must. VVknl.V 1 lie story b; at; of fbi-; pure cot11piumd of si! item and oxygen? in the hey in nitty, we said (but silica rock is a mineral As such. i( normally must he mined or quarried. There art' deposits of value! hr-mtgh- slut, (he- world. hit l lew entnp; re in quality with fix* typo Kitov, is locally as Si., i VierY; sand-sione. being; (orii Ironi flic hill.*; 2d or su itfW. !A.m HI. Louis by Tioneer Silica llrotitids It is a white. iine-j*rai:n quartz rot'ilaming iSi!.7 per i.r-nt. pore sidca. .UtXi.W YKSTPKfm.tAOl AKKVPVC TilIH.V IViisiers base come alii) lame at Pacific. \<lo. since Ate last, cent ttry, tan cwtfh nous opera! ion own tied I' oncer's cutty into the bush test; in L2I. tlnt.il t Ih < AOs, the company mined rrysialHite silica in much ihe same way x <<u*<I burrow for w o k ! mini* -al:,. Crewe would drill into Use working; fares with jackhammers, '.'am home .a lew si.iel.s uf dyttamile. shoo;. Jiin.it .'.mi die rock on mule drawn earls and abate Hu* same vclt* over again. Tuer, about seven years: ago, Pioneer drove Through the* I'tii! and into ihe open. Alumni, oveiaiighl mining switched to quarrying. Trucks; quickly replaced mules and railroad tracks, hut for a while drilling and si looting was much !h<* same small holes, dynamite, amt a reisaively stroll knockdown of silica rock that got wet when if, rained or snowed and cost, money to dry before grirtdirg. When the quarry face was worked fur enough away from the mine, now used as an underground road to the mill, Pioneer was ready to Lrv large hole well drilling to cut blasting costs. 'I'l l is was the cue for Du Pont technical service men (o,study I lie deposit and recommend "NitramoiT blasting agent..21 fans and two primers to a hole, 14 feet between holes. "Ou t deposit is tough and springy," explained assistant superintendent Ira Barnes, "and we're proud to get three tons of well broken rock from each pound of Du Pout's Masting agent. One blast will kick out 25,000 tons. Only the top of such a big pile gets wet, ant! the sand underneath stays ready to grind. Shooting with `Nitramon' keeps my feet dry, too, since frag mentation is so good I don't have to do boulder popping more than three or four times a year." Pioneer Silica figures quarrying is only a third as expensive for them as their former underground drilling and blasting. The change has saved valuable time, and, as they put it, "brought us the benefit of safer blasting." After quarrying, the silica rock is crushed, dried and screened for size. Some is then ground into silica flour. It's almost certain that the scouring powder in your kitchen is made up largely of the flour, and the chances are good that your dinnerwaro, wall tile, and porcelain bathroom and kitchen fixtures owe their gleam and glaze to this mineral, A couple of large building supply outfits include It in their formula for making asbestos pipe, shingles and siding. For ex ceptionally smooth work, steel foundries use it for a mold wash, and crystalline silica flour helps form the pots in which zinc is smelted. It also finds its way into high-temporal ure ee-neni, tank linings, and nliiei refractory pmrlueis, and even iirl.tr inatdi liefa Is. One customer mixes Pioneers pioo Ilour wtlli lead for a paint base. "For litis special gusli* (ter, r'fii i 1>V> fUt * !* ifp thflm :`!id ! D - 11! j !'"): *': ^ V ;;J 64 ^ * rYff ihrrF *r: r.f ;*'k; ik. i ami :MBra|P|TMii"mh^ ` :' :. :..':" '! : mammmmm ii ;i-. i * ,' i ; i ' V fuel chamber are of "Ladle" ucrvlic resin* einper of "Alalhnn" nolyolliylciiie resin. *-! '. i t N, ..7.. r.; i -. 7 i ; 5 ^ ' ij' J.T.. ;-j _ , to scrub veaetaliles, dean wots and nan n- ' S%,. , V* liilllllllllllllllllllfcililiil ..U : li -- MW iliBlBHMI iiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBiil Ml--Ia--WMM-- . ^1 III 1 .... -fr: :,,. . : . " : - Icet of flexible "Alntiioti" won't serutcti enamel on appliance! :' '.... * v\ '. ; ji.. -:: : - ., <: . * . . - : >. r '.-.i .:. leii handles. Halves tan be used logettier or separately, ns iiori : } 1 :.: : . . v 5::. :; 1 < : i s: . : :: : . :< t ;> i: >. : . r . . : : i:: <i. 1:. v : : : : r" w h s . ..::vPl$lJX.X' s liMBIfflBilllllillilli i li iM'iilils (H'ncnt! purpose hose has out ;!<t o -s old boundaries in industry. .VIany hoses in one. ilN Iriilv . .. hy {JlCllAf/O K1KT, Itubfij >r hose manufacturers are busy proving taere's a big demand for Ihe jaek of-many- trades, even in an age of specie. I f/afimi, They're lining il. willi a light weight host; find's equally suiksd for carrying oil, paint, grease, air, solvents. or hoi wafer. Before World War 11, there was a special hose for almost every job. When n user wanted a heat resistaiil; hose, or one willi oil and alien deal resisii sneer or one lie could leave out in sun and weather, lie had to find just I lie right hose. The multiplicity of types repre sented a selection problem for users anti an inventory problem for distributors. 'Dien came I lie introduction of general purpose hose in 1917. 11, caught on immed lately with distribu tors and tiled'* customers, and one manufacturer after another joined the trend. Today general purpose is listed under one name or another in pirn el icalfy every host; catalog. The l;ey to the hose's versal ility lies in its consfvuefion of Hu Pont neoprene synfhH.ic rubber, rein forced until high tenacity rayon such a "Cord lira" mycmynrn. the type used in tire cord. Neoprene resists sun eneddng and the clei.orioratfng action of oil and many chemicals. Rayon, s( ronger ounce fur ounce Ilian the. cotton braid it replaces, makes it. poissibk: to build a lough hose fhalts still lip,Ilf mid flexible. Increased production of Nnh neoprene and rayon since the war has helped the general purpose trend. But. the big boost lias come from I.be buyer. Having proved to his own salisfaetion that one hose can do many jobs, tie's bought general purpose in volume. Large-scale production of one stands mi type has enabled manufacturers to use quality materials and construction, and still hold cos I a down. (ieneral pur pose hose, it's generally agreed, gives the customer more for Iris dollar today-' than he gol prewar. 'The customer's buying has been simplified, too. At a shipyard, for example, the same size lose is used for both water and air lines. Tile days when a workman had us hunt for special air hose are over. Now genera! purpose is user! for bulb, and "the one who gels In I he pile* iirsi grabs il," says the shipyard buyer. One distributor {old us lie liar! been selling general purpose fiose i.o a railroad en5' manufacturer fur paint spraying. ` It's cheaper Ilian the Hpecial host' he used lc buy," the distributor said, "and it's doing die job oi l'll hear about if A ruptured line - paint, all over the place- J'rf hoar abouI if, all right!" An oil-resisfaiit cover is often required for a hose that was never intended h> carry oil. That's why gen eral purpose is used for the compressed-air cleaning of cotton fertile machinery coaled will* lubricating oil. Anil f hat's why it's carrying air and water in Ink cries, where vegetable nils sullen ordinary rubber; in woolen mills with their animal oils, and in places like tan neries and canneries. Some dealers recommend il. for low-pressure steam lines. "1 sell general pur*pose; to a slaughter house for that." said one. "I wouldn't hesitate !o run .'>0 pounds of steam through it. They use it for not water, too. "Since; I've been selling general purpose hose," said the same dealer. '*1 can't remember any reports of failure in eases where il was used properly. In this business, that's a pretty good recommendation, espe cially since genera I purpose accounN for about a third of my hose sales." 11 in hi'Vlimilf* 4itill #fi'ntlntu'ti hy ihi Punt far line fiMitt' tffifiiattet, Sfn-ll ifmthtt* t/intliin />i* plant fn\*!s Hy nniiDON k k s t k ii Long ago a dfanppoirifctl gardener voiced this iarnorj,; "That which itN' polimirvwmt liails lei'l hath ibe lucnsl eaten; and that which tne iocasi. tail It left ha if' the cankarwonti eafeti; and (J.i;11- which the ea'ilmrworm hath Jci'l; jiaf h the enUtrpiil.vr eaton." 'Ilia quota!ion Is from ilia P.ibfe oloel 1 slH mid it | io tills gritn picture of t'tiu'ih.s iiaipk'SsiHHs Ik -foil' I he ii arrh (if (lie reboots. Ftirianately. she modei i gat'dinict i anything but lielpfcHB iti ilia face of erofcdoHiraying bng>. an<1 dim ;-as;C hemien; insect irideB nod f'uis'ieidei. unknown lo I mi; Biblical prcdt'ce.sam-. are one oHiis gtinvuin cos of healthier. more productive phots. 'Ihdsy's garden chemicals -t>( 11: a big ail varna over Uioso eoinnsoii as m.v/nliv as ten years ago, The old-l irne chemicals nft.c.T n. lorded ilia grmvllt <"c' i.lu.i 'eery jijani (liey wear* im.etnlixJ to proftH'L A 11 f.Iii* .forme lotions wed! 1 be discussing here, however, are harmless Io j!aii.".a wlirit nscij properly. A ppi ieii in*ti of 11 to rhemirals has been made easier for I he gardener, too. it .a riles in combinsti.Ht (rra 11 tetf K'11 if re's tin need lit spray once far insects and again for <1 isCasvB Sinuk pioduch. soieufilicnlly iVirirtuiafcut, give I'ttli protection against n tony list of both. Talie (he veyelnhle grower who. has. say, beans, bee's, cabbage. onions. spina. In po I aloes. peppers, ijieloiir. aik ! lomnioea. lie needs ;t:t-a*run;i proleol ion against blighl. mildew oral a rogues' gallery of inserts ranging frnra aphata to dapanose beetles. lie can get, ii in a single package Irheled llu I *oni Vegei.tble (lareeri Dust. Spmyne or dusted on vegetables weekly and a Her heavy rains, I he par slued guards against on :mr.Itniir list of common inst?c.(s anti disonsos. `KtiTC<:,riml iam ymi,vmi'>' l`'ot' I he yen loner mho coniines Ins vegiHuble raising lo a few join,-do plants, I hero's fin I'on!, Tomato Dust, a lens expensive compound containing boi.li inseei icicle and fungicide. ,f t's effective against 'loniatu fruit worm, early and iaie blight, and several oilier pests tlial at tack I he vine, A. Tire] com!drat ion product, ()t,t Foil: Fruit Tree Spray, offers mulllplr prelect km for apple, cl terry, plum, peach, pear ami quince frees, r.s wdl os straw berry , cur'ani. and gooseberry bushes, i (, controls, for example, trie end I tag moth and ptarn et reulio The villains rustic tisib'e for v/eriny apples. At the same, (line if prefects ilie 1'rutl. against dITigurttig ajiple .scab ami other disc'Uftes. If you grow 'rose.-; vend tv lamtl-ar wit'fi Idocic sptoi, a li.mf.us laol: hills off the laves and stips tlio vigor of the btisl'i. This and similar diseases all'iclirig rl. least .1!) popidar fki'.vi'i'.H, plus in ore i .tan a cloKcri iluwerdes'l tv-yitig inscvbs. an* eon! rolled by I )i.i Pont floral .i.Uisf. Idike Vcgiattlde (lordei- Dust and'Tori",a to Dttsl., i*'loral Dust, is watur-dispei-Kitee and cat) Ir eitljer dusted or sprayed. - mmb -;-i f i >% i .'-.it- : r >,;> f | . V ',,^`Uii.S'iC- KsliinlilH iliitit J.* 4j-i.lt' i tCkUiK'.U .i'ii* : One important point to remember about all these garden chemicals; they're at their best preventing plant damage rather than curing It, Black spot, for example, is spread by millions of tiny spores. The way to guard against the spores getting a toe hold on leaves is to lay down a protective coating of Floral Dust before they strike, : The same is true of insects like the curciillo. Once this ugly customer has plunged its hooked beak into a growing apple and laid eggs In the incision, the apple is doomed to fall prematurely. What's needed is a protective coating of Fruit Tree Spray that kills the curculio before it goes to work. : A cardinal rule is to spray or dust early--before diseases show up and before insects are numerous-- and regularly thereafter. Then you'll be able to para phrase Joel something like this; ; ``That which the plant pests left have 1 harvested; and, verily, the lion's share was mine." / ii': a at 5P) \ ' i ;! >.i : \ . ' <. j : j > : ' - t: . > ii :i i .. 5 : ; r: : ; . : ' > \. .;. % ., j; i 5 . s r 1: : : i : < i i! i w ' r : .: 1 .; . lit !V\.. By JAY H. MACKEY The oldest story in the photo restoration business is about the woman who went to a local studio to have an ancient snapshot of her deceased husband made into a portrait, A "And take the hat off, please, because he had such nice hair," she requested. . ' . The photographer- said this they could do, and asked,"`How did your husband part his hair?" "What a silly question;" .she snapped, "you'll see for yourself when you take off the hat." - . Photo restorers tell me this story is only a slight esagfration, Actually there are few limitations to their business is 75-year-old Sprague-Hathaway, Inc., of West Somerville, a Boston suburb. Sprague-Hathaway is primarily a wholesaler and retailer of photographic skills. The company doesn't take pictures--yet it handles some of the toughest photographic assign ments imaginable. Take a look, if you haven't already done It, at examples of its work on these two pages. In reminiscing on his company's early days, vice president J. H. C. Reader said not only were the old processes--daguerreotypes, ambrotypes, tintypes--as different from those of today as "chalk is from cheese," but that the whole idea of what a portrait should be has changed. "In the 1800s a large crayon portrait of Grandma and Grandpa in the parlor was a must," he said, "Not much attention was paid to likeness, and' except for the beards and mustaches the men looked almost identical. Attention was focused on clothes and background. Today,- the opposite is true. Likeness is of most im portance in reproduction of copies." Getting likeness Into a moth-eaten old print is often quite an order. "Moth-eaten" is literally true, -for prints chewed by insects turn up at photo restorers' all the time. And so do those that have been tom, Sprague-Hathaway makes many portrait* from snapshots, using Du Pont "X-F" ortho film and 44Vclour Blacky-photographic -enlargi ng-pupcr" !! lira-;:-..- W: = :............ rifitt 111!':'V"''' - ' - ' f" j > ort.* mi:! ... * .. .' .1 To malto [loiii'iiil ill * 144III, cojiv ii<`5!ili(r ofoii^iiiii! jiriiil is maili r-Uit-lM*iJ j iimI |niuic<l. Arlisl thru mills; Jiiuil iv Io ik Ih iiii !<> jii inl charred in lires, soaked by Hoods, decora led by diil dren. and faded with age. On top of this, photographers and artists have tin problem of making new portraits arid prints without In any way altering the original submitted to them At least 10 per cent are especially treasured because the persona pictured are dead. ' To make a print, Sprague-Hathaway follows a desired portion of the original, usually on Du Pont to serve as a guide for likeness during the entire finishing process. Polowing this, an artist retouches as burns or stains that showed on the original, and removes undesirable backgrounds. An enlargement on Du Pont "Velour Black" photographic enlarging paper (DL surface)-running in size up to 24 by 30 inches depending on the cus tomer's order--Is then printed from the retouched copy negative. Other skilled artists airbrush out light spots such as tears or scraped areas, aid new backgrounds, and spray the completed print with a preservative before framing and shipping it. boom in our business," Reader said; "the greater photo consciousness spread by amateur photography, Amer ica's third most popular hobby, and Improved tech niques in making old prints, "Over the years," he said, "we have ocntbuTd to I-- to v u t recommer and nearn for quality miniatures we put on Du Pont `Ivora* canvas, color work, a portrait business. "Things not only are humming around here," lie aided, "they're interesting enough to keep a man young. Our studio lias just reconstructed a portrait of two siiarpshooting youngsters. We did a good job, Pm glad to say, because the mother was quite upset that grandfather's picture. Which reminds me... have you heard the i of her deceased husband .. " I*<U` wlio uanl I heir |h j i-| rails In Inivc the a[i|)car;iu<'c of ,fi*cr-fiaiitl %% (' vnUtv I hi |ihi>h*-riCnsiliziNl citHviiri.*" 15 Tficsr thfys. nttttt v a fnu:('-nutih ttfiCi'is i*v li'iirli, ii`$ iii(> j<><> a f ~~lhtIII l'" rmtltiit`f to iivvp it ~'i-r-n'orth v" UvA if-CH Al-h KHl.LY (<1 atiuas, l-i oi;:iiA, I i, Vt'Ml' till!!,()(!<; III- 1 UHSliril.H rimgY ! i t' 111 - s.-lv<\s akme FkiridaV I >:;<} io * it) various siaie:*-; i:i untkess i<) Ki>;ik U(.> she Khneliine ami ei.i`i-1Is ir. the anil air, nvu <r` tin* siafiks (most iiai.um! imaoiaws. Daie's climate, but us, ;i businessman ...president and general manager of tire Lowry Klecirie Co. here...lie's forced to Lake a practical view. "Cuiv." as i,<:wry said, "s<di spray mid sun have .caused ns Iniekdinisliinf.*; bemiachra. but thaf's like .complaining ij 'k h iI harp music; in heaven. The ciinutto is? w Ilf. t- brings inisi ness down here, lie,sides, we've got most of our rust problems licked. Let Hill Morris loll you (inw we did It." Mill Morris, purchasing age id., told us ilia I. nisi, and corrosion of truck finishes had indeed been a major heartache. Thirty-six Lowry (rucks ore on tin; rood doily, lie said, and ore parked outside every nigh I. They carry elect ricnl equipment and supplies up and down (.lie coast, from Key West, to points 200 miles north of Miami. The climate gets in its licks on each ; nd every mile. Unfit I Dot), Morris said, maintenance of the paint job on the trucks was a constant battle. Seldom did I lie vehicles look as good as I he company wanted them to. It was I lien that Lowry launched a thorough study of the I;dishing systems and materials find had stood up lies!, undid' lire Florida sun. Oul of I he investigation came a new standardized plan for fleet maintenance. Instead of farming nut relhiish jobs to a number cl' soups, as before. Lowry cord reused wti.li Adam's (mirage in Loral (la bliss to handle all the work. "Dulux" enamel was specifier! for (.he top coat, and oilier Du Font refinishiirg mail-rials for the preparatory steps. In addition, washing and polishing were scheduled on a regular basis. The result, according In Morris, Is that the trucks now look belter longer, representing a subslaniial saving in time and money. "Our original schedule called fora, repaint job every two years," lie says, "hut that havin'! Ixieii necessary. 'Flic only mars on (lie trucks so far are from Ira Hie damage." There fire less expensive finishing materia Is Hum ! hose made by Du Pont. But Lowry looks at if in Hie same light as Live woman who said she couldn't afford i>> buy id) ciq.) clothes. Male; rials, he's found, re p rose mu onl,y about 20 per eenl and labor Kit per eonf of pain! mg cost. If. doesn't make sense to use tiiw.quality (hushes which can cause shop tie-ups. Baying a lillie more for materials is mere than offset by savings in iho added road life of the finish. Like Lowry, operators of many big cross, conn try and regional fleets have also round that quality finishes more than pay for Ihcmsefves. One fuel or is hard to measure, but nonetheless tangible: (lie matter of smart appearance. The public looking at a (ruck enjri help seeing il as a reflect.ion of the company it. represents Trucks and In is,sea an* rolling billboards for their owners, in many cases carrying sales slogans and conipar;y t.radirnarks. AITFAHANCK CUD W.WK.M KM lb With large and small deels alike, the need lor a good appearance is only otic side of the finishing sloi v. The material must, also lie easy to apply, since lime .spent in dm relinish shop costs money. "Dulux" ci mind goes on smool lily, has excellent hiding quirit ies. and dries fast to ,i brilliant gloss without rub;)!tig character is ties (hat help* get jobs done faster. At I he I >onvi:-r Chicago Trucking Co. in ('hicago, for instance, (he maintenance shop crew is responsible for keeping 1,328 cross-country units in operation. Sixteen years ago. W. >1. Kobinson. presidenl and gen eral manager of the linn, (ticked `'Dulux" enamel to do I he job. I lo has this to say: "We have bad a long and very sal isfaef.ory experience in f he use of t)u Paul rclimsh materials. They keep our Heel looking bright . shiny and new." Each batch and color of "1 Julux" proves itself in the la bora lory bd'me going to customers, lint it's si ill gral ilying to he;)!' testimony of this sorl (mm i.he men actually responsible for keeping trucks on (he road. Under the Florida sun or through a Chicago winter. "Dulux" plays an in; porta til part in keeping the billboards rolling. 't rtirks are rolling trad s "-marts for tioeriran iitisiiu-sy. .1 gtmiJ-lmiknig tinisti helps mate a g< Me I impression. Report on our 150TM year i hpjthphli of fh'CKnirnf (Ifvcnvtcuti s I'Add animat .shih'nsvnl l*> s.ltsaiilniUU'ts of sj>vci<tl intvrvsi In (hi ('out rttstitnu-r* 1 hi:; *t')Kr! sit nm;i rices f he aei ivit ies of the Du. Pont Company for 1952. Saina rear-hod n now Inf;It of $1,602 million...ft vn per cent; above 1951 'n record i-oLil. Mare sales of newer products, re sult ini; from recent plant expansions, were responsible for the vise, and more I ban off set iIodines in some older product lines, 'Hie (foinp,aiiy's sties price index was about the same as- las-, year. Poroij.;n customers, as in 195 I, accounted lor six per con I of loial sale:;. DiiUTD i!!i fiii Did ;iV; V;i{.!U.V Vvr.fW l m find i: i.i K. (\ d a \: ij?;L : i: / ,'D /0: t'.-'-M ::: : i. t. EARNINGS AND DIVIDENDS Earnings from Du. Pont sources before taxes equaled 1961*8 record $11,10 per share. After taxes on income of 18,03 a share, net earnings of $3.07 were left. This was six cents more than in 1961, While earnings from operations after taxes were about the same as In 1951, average operating invest ment Increased ten per cent. Net operating earnings as a percentage of operating investment, therefore, decreased from 9.0 per cent to 8.3, Dividends per share of common stock totaled |3.65, and the year-end dividend was the 193rd con secutive quarterly dividend paid. Total dividends were $171 million, 77 percent of net income for the year. WHERE THE CUSTOMER'S DOLLAR ilil l till 11TAXES Ml RENEGOTIATION 23.7* , Uf RETAINED FOR - HEEDS OF | THE BUSINESS r IJf FOR DEPRECIATION AND OBSOLESCENCE WAGES, SALARIES, BONUSES AND EMPLOYE b e n ef it s 1" DIVIDENDS / --{w 1 "k 318.41 MATERIALS AND SERVICES lion to build new plants lers. This compares with spent on projects for `Orion" acrylic fiber in sodium cyanide, dynamite, tetraethyl lead, sulfuric acid, and cellulose sponges. The plant for producing "Orion" staple at Cam den, S. C. started up in May and reached full produc tion by year-end. The new cellulose sponge plant It.lSEA.lWTl < titanium melt,I, In which Du Piuiiliui pioneered, wus' carried forward In W51, A NEW FLA ST ,u Kinston ft,,production if TJiicroiT will ticgill, manufacture this year. llESEAII.cn on feed supplencnIs and animal remedies was begun in J952 ill line Stine Tit l. AT MEMPHIS, imtp.it if sodi,1111 ,-yiiinitlts litis begun, while hy drogen pertwiitij is dm* tins year. RESEARCH led to new cations of silica wliieli art* now being evaluated for various uses. ' A NEW 1*11 OilIJCT, `-Mylar", is to In? inaiiufaclnml in n plum being liiilll near Cireleville. 20 ai, voiuiimia, itsiin. pcgan operating m iwveiitDer. Three other new plants are nearing completion. The plant for making "Dacron" at Kinston, N. C. and a dynamite plant at Martinsburg, W. Va. are sched uled to begin operation early in 1953. Martinsburg's dynamite facilities will replace those at Gibbstown, N. J. The Gibbstown plant will now be used chiefly for chemical manufacture. At Memphis, Term, sodium cyanide production started in October, and production of hydrogen peroxide will begin in mid-1953. Two additional plants are .planned. One, near Circleville, Ohio, will make transparent "Mylar" polyester film. The other, near Beaumont, Tex., will manufacture organic chemicals. Production will start with methionine, a poultry feed supplement.. RESEARCH During the Company's entire history, research has been the essential basis for sound and healthy growth. More recently emphasis has been on research programs that would lead to diversification by developing new products and processes. So successful have these efforts been that the many products brought to the market in the past 25 years now account for more than half of Du Pout's sales. A fruitful area of new opportunities lias been the field of synthetic organic polymers. The wholly syn-. thetic textile 'libera--nylon, "Orion" and "Dacron"-- are results of sob:research. Recently investigations In the same field have led to tough "Mylar" polyester film. Its unusual properties are expected to open new markets in electrical and other industrial uses. Another development of polymer research ii -polytetrafluoroethylene which has extraordinary chemical resistance and electrical insulation qualities. Emphasis on inorganic chemistry is being in creased, An example is the Company's pioneering production effort with titanium. Research and devel opment, nave neen active on tms strong, ngntweignt, and corrosion-resistant metal. More recently new mod ifications of silica have been discovered and are now being tested for various uses. Another field of Du Pont activity is that of biochemical research on feed supplements and reme dies for use in animal husbandry. The new Stine Laboratory at Newark, Del. is equipped with specialized facilities for an integrated long-range approach to this work. The development is a logical outgrowth of our long-established interest in agricultural chemicals such as fertilizer compounds, seed disinfectants, weed killers, and pesticides. The Haskell Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology will move to new and larger facilities in mid-1953. Research in this Laboratory is concerned with safe guarding employes and customers from potential haz ards in the manufacture and use of Du Pont products.- A new laboratory consolidating some textile re search activities is being built near Wilmington. It will be used in the evaluation of new fibers and the Improvement of existing ones. The new laboratory will also provide facilities for improved service to cus tomers and for research on all textile operations, including finishing and dyeing. . Research expenditures in 1952 were $52 million, an increase of $5 million over the previous year. Con struction costs are not included in this figure. EMPLOYES AND STOCKHOLDERS Employee at the year-end, excluding those at Govern ment-owned plants, numbered 90,834, including 18,518 women,'Employes at Government-owned plants num bered 30,824. There were 142,744 stockholders at the year-end, an increase of 4,576 during the year. All of the in crease was in common stockholders, who numbered 128,686, Preferred stockholders numbered 22,936. ItoniiHJlicm litjilitl<w for vat lw,, shown..here Cnpmtily fin* act: lute ii.bef.oi.il (nil also .was increased. Inst year. IJ.n Pont ANTITRUST LITIGATION No new antitrust actions were brought against the Company by the Department of Justice in 1952. Of the five cases pending'at the beginning-of the year, one has been concluded and another voluntarily dropped by the Government. I.C.I. Case--In July, the Federal .District Court in New York City entered a final judgment ill this case. The court set aside the Company's agreements of many years stundmg with Imperial Chemical Indus tries Ltd. for the grunting and receiving of patent and process rights, and ordered that its joint owner ship with I.CX of companies in Canada, Argentina, and Brazil be terminated* ' Under the judgment, certain II. S. patents ap plied for or issued to the Company prior to June 30, 1950, and related improvement patents applied for or issued prior to June 30,1055, are subject to compulsory licensing on a nonexclusive basis at reasonable royalties. While patents covering the niannfactni of sev eral major -products such us nylon and'sodium are included, the judgment does not require -compulsory licensing of patents on other major products such as . rayon, eefiophane, titanium pigments, and tetra ethyl lead. ' In January 1953, -plans were submitted: to the Court for ending Du FomM.C.I. joint ownership in Canadian Industries, Ltd., Industries Qulmlcas Ar gentines "Duparial"jS.A. Industrial y Comercial^and Industries Quimicas BrasiMfiis "DopenaF S.A. These plans-provide for corporate reorganizarions to suitably divide the business and properties of each of the three rompanies so that neither Du Pont nor I.C.I. would own stock in the same company. NATIONAL DiPINSl Atomic Energy Project--The Savannah River plant is now In its third year of construction. The Atomic - Energy Commission requested the Company to design, build, and operate it. This is one of the largest industrial projects ever attempted. The project, for example, calls for 128,000 carloads of construction materials, the equivalent of a train 940 miles long. . Much pioneering technical work is involved in previously uncharted fields. Some 1,200 technical and supervisory personnel, most of them transferred from Dm Font's commercial operations, are already on the job as the nucleus of the future operating force. Other Defense Activities--Sales for defense purposes were substantial, but not large in'relation to total sales. Products in greatest demand were nylon yarn and staple, nylon molding powder, tetraethyl lead, and titanium metal. To cite an unusual application, nylon fiber is being used for armored garments to save lives In Korea. At the request of the Defense Materials Procure ment Agency, the Company contracted to. expand its titanium metal sponge production, nearly all of which is being used for defense. All of the military smokeless powder facilities at Indiana Ordnance Works,-Charlestown, Ind. are being reactivated under terms of a contract with the Army. A portion of the plant Is now operating. Wood Finishes Cam---On December 2, flic Depart ment of Justice withdrew the criminal antitrust action Instituted against the Company in 1948. The Company and other defendants had been charged with- con spiring to fix prices, discounts, and terms of sale on wood finishes.. The other defendant companies pre viously had paid fines without contesting the cliarg. tlrttophanr Cum--Trial of :tfcla case. In. which the Company is charged with monopoly in the manufac ture and sale of.cellophane and 'cellulose caps and hands, was completed in January 1953. A decision is now awaited. ; : General Motors ml uL Case -- In this case the Gov ernment seeks, among -other things, to compel the Company to dispose of its investment in the common stock of General. Motors Corp, Trial began on No vember 18, 1952. It is probable that the trial will extend well into 1953. . .- Brake Fluid Caw--No trial date lias been set for this ' case.which involves charges that the Company and other defendants conspired to restrain trade in auto motive and"other "braMBff'iystims........................ :......... 22 TAKES $871 million in 1951, and is equal to 89 per cent of total salaries and wages paid to employes other than those at Government-owned plants. During eight and one-half of the last 13 years, American corporations have been subjected to a socalled "excess profits" tax. It is often rationalized as a tax to stop war profiteering. The fact is, however, by the Renegotiation Act, under which earnings on direct and indirect sales to the Government are held to a percentage of sales determined by the Renego tiation Board. No exception can be taken to the objective of placing the defense program as nearly as possible on a pay-as-you-go basis. It is of paramount importance, however, that the additional revenue raised is not The normal tax rate is now 52 per cent. The Dn Pout's new plants and processes. This sharply The "excess profits" tax, by striking at rewards for new developments, penalizes growth and efficiency at the very time when these factors are most needed for the national security and the maintenance of civilian living standards. By penalizing profits, it tends to subsidize and encourage inefficiency and wastefulness. These effects are not especially noticeable to the public over a short term. They would, however, be come painfully apparent to the consumer, as well as the investor, if long continued. This form of taxa tion, therefore, is an unsound, self-defeating method lOJ COMMUNITY RELATIONS Du Pont has plants and country. It now operates 73 plants in 26 states, and maintains branch offices and warehouses at many other locations. The Company, to be successful, must con duct its business in a way that wfli enlist community support and cooperation. Mutual interest is self-evident. Company pay rolls, purchases, and dividends enter into the local economy. In return, the community provides em ployes, suppliers, and customers. Adequate wages and good working conditions, together with the Company's safety program, are important factors in identifying Du Pont as a desirable employer. {\ - . . \ ! i .i j::> :: Careful attention is paid also to the disposal of waste into the air and streams. The Company has invested or authorized approximately $29 million in ' tail pollution. As a matter of policy. ing provision for minimizing pollution. Some difficult problems' "8 exist at older plants* but -continuing effort is being made to find satisfactory solutions. . 23 i II H!il | j; I lltiil'i I;. I i.l niiil'f < S t f!Ii\ i til illsij'i a S i lias I! a Wei1-dresseel neiehbors By MAR MONROE anct MICHAEL WOLF ,\ !;!>( iit`1 !> Ml Hji:')!'! !<*) ; hi pis !>l : * < . H'is ! I* :! i 1 fr-:i I I i l<; ih in 'be wii-it the < < t`alias! far.,I-pond jiniiil iri;.i, iI.';- flu; (;.u ik I tii t.<nijjvrai inn !w.|yvs,.ii i hi Pon aas. -.a;(| os- M'- !in\a<ri a:U ClIHi;mm's annais; f Sieia CMCCCHir etlSUK Ir WU-ll ! M I: i i. Ill j.;l<'SS. hrdSiaM.'i 1111(1 (hjjs nhiliiy, KH' ;-:c\ wars now. I h: J hnj ly-.-icaiviH-r:;. v*M!j n'i'.u me wii-h i'hiilijis. Sue, been festine flie.se finiahaa tr M e intn*raM>ry, in bis* ikihh and in ,u !.ual i'ln li|w irai aslai inns. !.) I `hiltIlls > Vi r< beam i 'i'jii- jinnrtnk' <!' bnci! > >i> a jiaiin ina a; a .ns in srniitaiil.icc, inii vviiii a dilieHwi Iwirl. Ii seek:. .<> make ;i s.lnsii suiae at I ear) ivc t;y u.aiiyJ i.hc I:n11:apt*east make-U(1 (echnisjllr: "ij;,s iwleri'al pansl , fa alri'mi. a f (..'lit ri >ii I a n is; i 'a, j in-U.y , < ate nal K -k wind i`` s !i i e, ;l Vas j i' i j! I ( ill!', a IcW j a s si ill i a*! sf i in ikialliH til ;:( a I'I I!! I j , hs-aul.ifni calors s<i i|,ni (i-a: lie ay a iiaaei 11 fa. Ian min I inn Kami: h h -u . Tbs*, -a ids cant I arc v"i htins " ri nil reiincry. of coursiis not t-j it - n,' die ja'cld icsf nnsisncers ever In sfnn Hif.a '!{ inch isf rial bi*a\l!.y paid;)r. ( 'imij .aiHca hjai Philtres have reali/ed Inf a kiny I mu: that a f i' I< l KTy. t,-y i ta I are, is no Jieuil'f |.iosl cartf rali|acl, si ->i<->' lii? a ihiisiaiii! of c usien d iis/htu ;iv 'ail.'iii, hit in raked bnyliybl. ilrs < fra y > (!f snilistiins. |iint*s and dnv.>>,s, The fare f*hillt|ts n finery ir he twaklcil bv focal | i:! | i jiainilli;' ;y.;K lisr Oiia at kaliS.'IS t'llV, Kails'., ( ik v i.s of "Dukix."' recently wen! on die cri! aly! ic mm-kimc unit, i he storage lanky, pol.ymemal-ion unit; and pipes, .mb ceiunuis. H:tice the ndinery is vIsilsic* to die.public from so ninny :>lao<+: nitieh-f.r.-ivoiod t1':iisf.-ix Avenue, the nearby murk-ipa] airport. uul the busy intercity tinilk way over die Knw River- the slew I in ini tria; i.eehtikate jjlaymy to an uiiiituailv large audience in yresb > Kansas Cil.v. Hoy t o \vi\ t iot/Mtd ... Way d> folks (ike- I'mllips rare- .muni dressing tm llieir plaids? Weil, in lilt' lin-it place. Ihey like in be good neigh bom. Rein liu iih between a cot ill mu hi V ansi (:: ridusiries are happier when hnlu-.-inal sigh Is are kepi pleasant. Sc -c o ik ., employes seem to hike grenlcr urine in their et mi} in ny when ilhaii ail rue five place, (o work. And third, (here's die advertising angle. 1C a reimorv is decora fed in coinpmw color;-. It';- mure lihoiy dial people passing; lev will keep the company's prodar.f-; in mind when t.hey'ra shopping. Phillips refinery men have long walked ai idenhf'v i lieu i Helves with I heir company'.-' ter vice slafions. Now iiioy're doing it by using; Rhiilipr; a;ilea colors, at; well as 11ic- fajiiiilar era nge-and -black shield, ii file new paint ing prog;!ani. The jrogn'ii). an n by-pmdue: . baa <deepthmaI v;litre, hen* jn many aidttsi rial Haolinns ol' oil ie-g where one p-kmi seeitis to merge vvit.tr tieighb iriny ones - -or in die wide spaces <>! (>klahoma anil Texan whore relincrrie'H aiul gasoline; plaids art* as anmiooiipIseK and alike ;i:-: faces in a crowd...the pawsor-by ofi.cn doesn't know whose | Ja of, hu`s viewing. With fix ah point j* dot ing. ibo (ion!if. is roinovoi. I*ln[!ius liasti't gone mm this Ih ny halfway, ft : i.; h given a face-lifting noi only he its Knwa:-; ( l-ii s' reiinei'y. I>ui to id here ai. Of; end-g-e. ' .)idn., l'h ill ip-e 'IV->a. and Woods C-russ. Utah. Oil fOiTtpitllie;.; doit L o* j >e;:l l.t.- eiiiaiij.iie all the ; n; ii.tract i\<- arena around a refinery. in it U my're vmy pleased v.diit f.lic it beauty ireaimeni, A tier ail. (he average person parsing a refinery sees il for only a lew seconds, tf his- eve imsa-: mit color m those low Hi*; wild-;, he's left with r.n impm-sio i of dt anlinuss and even id i -'neb vw!! Obviously. liioriiv l.hal can bon-a of that kird ot' industrial st.-tl.inn is a city gird id i i I o the companies tied marie it. possible. jiatitbftg sc - rtilurl'til *'t>itl 11 v"" cUi-rim* .-usutiel to draw slti-ntlon lo dir a;tmt-liu nt aw win imsirta. vlial i-n't. Architects, home builders, and refrigeration engineers can ieli you that a . . * Cool front's coming O % R. J. WOODRUFF, Jr. An architectural authority commented not so long ago that we house our people with a surer and kinder hand when they are at work than when they are at home. Maybe so a few years ago. But as of mid-1953 that and apartments, all tills sounds completely utopian. '1% the haves--well, they say you have to live in it to really believe it. To show how un-utopian the movement really is, one air-conditioning manufacturer reckons that his In 1952,19,000 iilr-eoinliiluiieil Homes were built in the 11,5, Outlook for 'S3; several limes that many. judgment, for our nioiiry, ns a little harsh. We can point to mm upon square mile of new Homes, a mill ion a year of them since the war, that am home sweet comfortable home to millions of Americans. Even low-priced homes, the ones toe? say are built by the mile and cut off at decent intervals, are what you'd call push-button miracles. And from all indications, we ain't seen nothing yet! The biggest story in.home living tills year, .... n. was In 1ft, i11 boom In houses with built-in climate control: that is, steady, year-round temperature and humidity tin which you, yourself, call the turn. To the liaxe--n.citar...tliose...i...s...'m'itlhout""ftii,-iiicliti<iiiei"'licnies dollar volume in home units has increased tenfold in two years' time. Put another way, It's estimated that some 500,000 American homes now have central or room air conditioning. And they're not all high-priced homes, either. Five years ago, the prophets were saying that a central, mechanically operated refrigeration unit would shortly crack the "builder" house field--that is, the broad market of houses selling for $12,500 and under. Such soothsaying was generally considered overoptimistic at the time. But the cool front has come, as forecast. Starting in the South and Southwest two yeareago," it"moved 11)5 inlo Ohio, turned east to the Alkmf.ic seaboard, and spread ink) New hint; la ml. The firsI, ail'll that any tiling approaching a "boom" was underway came when a I.Jolla*, Texas builder took the plunge a little over a year ago, and ins La llwl year-round air-conditioning 11 r its in 125 homes priced to sell at $12,500. lie sold ilia crop with hardly any elfork After that i.he stam pede was on. COSTS VIIK ATTItACTIVK Here's what the home buyer goc: A constant 70 plus temperature all summer long from air that was cooled, dehumidified and clamed, (in Dallas last summer there were 25 days when the thermometer went over 10(f.) All winter the owner got the same temperature, using natural gas as a heat source in the same compact central unit. 'Flic unit cool. $1,500, but rugs, slip covers, and the like arc practically nil. A combination of two factors gave hi) fh to home air conditioning. As architects and builders were turn ing from flic postwar "mass" building markel to modern, functional living units, air-conditioning manu facturers were able to say: "Look, here's a smell, compact, efficient combination unit that heats and cools and isn't a luxury item." The sum of these efforts is one of those miracles of modern-day living. Du Font had a hand in helping this cool Cron I, along. Almost all home air-conditioning units use "Freon-lS" 11 uormated hydrocarbon refrigemnl. 'Fitis is the odorless, nonflammable liquid which is Liu: bloodstream of the refrigerating process. Now, "hreon-22", a now member of Ida Poufs family of refrigerants, is coming up fas!. The reason is that it pern tits the use of more compact units to give: bit: same V:-re: ' :-. A \ Air cuiiiliihmc-r in imvrml uuriy. Flic Iu n c :j iis t i Ncmr will In' |kiur< <1 simiintl null fiileiT nflrr llic: ii>iiH" is riv*|rii.. Ill 'jr<r>; finifiii^tnsN- Imul to Jtir ou<* | in |>rjc*`1'' lik- Ii* Iif IiI. added only $1,000 to the cost of the house since a heating unit alone would have cost $500. Dallas engineers figured out Ihe operaiupg cost In this fashion: About $93 for a year's electricity: Si(S for natural gas for winter heating; about $1 per month finwater, or a grand total of $145, give: or lake a dollar or ivvo. Comparable figures elsewhere would vary, of course; you might substitute oil heat for gas. for ex ample. But these are the attractive economies of it. Then there are allied benefits. You don't need storm window's, sown;?, attic or oilier fans. Southern housewives are enthusiastic about this. They say that will) the house sealed tight, cleaning bills for drapes. cooling capo city as "Freon-12". It will probably he Am refrigerant as the cool front gains real momentum. Will iiir conditioning be to the '50s what the TV boom waste ihe late '.10s? You get all sorts of answers, including one which states tlial 1,000,00(1 homes will ho partly or completely air conditioned hv 1957. Last January 75,000,000 people saw President Eisenhower's inauguration on their TV screens. If you go strictly by the numbers, we suppose, home air conditioning will really have arrived when that many people are scien tifically cooled in hot weather. .From the looks of things it won't he in Ihe next Ibu)* or live years, but it isn't too far offal, limb  and other . ' . , ,. shotgun fu ngifMe *52 tomato growers found themselves toting a shotgun. That's the best way to describe "Manzate", com paring it with older weapons against plant infections. One of the prewar fungus tilers, tor instance, is Du Pont "Zerlate", It's fine for certain fungi, but less effective against others. The result was that, during a single season, a tomato farmer might have a spray schedule something like this: two sprays of "Zerlate" fungicide, one of a copper-based fungicide, another later one with "Zerlate", then final copper treatment. "Manzate", however, Is a shotgun for five major The question--"Will this chemical control tomato and potato diseases?"--is just one facet of the develop ment program for this or any other new fungicide. Du Pont researchers anti others must also answer questions like: "Will plants be `burned' by the chemical?" "Will its residual effects be harmless to the public's health?" of areas from New -Jersey to Hawaii confirmed this. 'though results varied with climate, severity of dis ease, and met hod of application, enthusiasm for the prod ltd, ran high. At la hist reports, ".Manzate" had found fast friends among scores of agricelloral experiment, staI tons, county agents, food packets and farmers. Dr. K. M, Kromert, tomato specialist at the University of Kentucky, says that, lie rates i lie new chemical i lie Ivst product ill that area for tomato disease control for '5*2. In oarly-blight i.esls on potatoes in northern Indiana, "Manxale" also wound up at. (.he lop of the list. And here a (he key to (ho situation, as expressed by Charles 11 artway who ships his tomatoes to large canneries in New York State. J Jo says that "Ma.nzau" simplifies his spraying program -tremendously, since he con use one compound through the season instead of worrying about, changing chemicals in mid sea son. ,.( , l Hi,: j st,:s STDIHi'.il Some research workers and growers have been experimenting with `'IVlaimiUC for apricots, celery. carrots, beaus, unions, and other crop;*. Although die product is currently labeled for use on tomatoes and potatoes only, the re's no telling what the future holds. The warfa re against fungi, of course, is nothing new to Du 1'imt. 'Fhe (`ompany is a manufacturer and supplier of "Piirziile" zineb and nr.bam fungicides. "Zerlate" ztnmi fungicide, "Formate" ferham fungi cide, and others as well. Actually, our experience in pioneering these products was responsible for rim development of "Man/nte''. AO of these chemicals belong to one dan of compounds, related l.o dhhioearbanvie add. "Mairzale", which has been studied for more than live years, is the sixth in the series. Even he fore Du Pont announced its decision to start commercial menulac Lure of this compound, sev eral large food-packing companies were looking into if. Through their field research teams, they did a great deal of-testing. Dr. S. G. Younkin, assistant research director for Campbell Soup, made one of the first comprehensive reports on "Manzate" when he pre sented his report on its use for tomatoes to a sectional meeting of the American I'hytopa!hologieitl Society in December IDfif, ..faMW: AfAfa:/- - . _______ mo g ' ilHIIliH... S'lllll _. UU^mBh E&| C/'vKDAiiYllto -ro . V":: - C-niV-T.:': : -vAri:-.' y .......... . Titian its ii g-rinuirh held In !Scw jcr-c) , this plilure dticumctils Ititw slagcs tit loimitti ilisriiM* cuffed fate bfiglil. "Is Ii economical aimiifli to be pradiml?" "Can if be applied with the conventional field eq!iipin01 it i.hat's availsh!e?" Ali of this research, which .seems l.o ho coming up with satisfactory answers for "Miuixufe", ia a roniitio part of seeing to it l.liai, the American public get:; more and heller food. As shoe a Her stale gives the nlltdal r.od to the new chemical. Hint goal Inches closer. 20 Ift#* Ihi Pout Pfindeum Chemiea/s iHrisiiut tuts ftttrkt'u JJtifO pmmth sij resenreh into its mutest find must munp/rfe ti'st ear ii Cadillac has Ik *h i turned iniit a roll in;*; taj:- oralory hy (In- l hi Pont IViroleum Chemical-.; [ )jvi sioii, .lilt|ii!j>{><-<i with l be fnt.osl. itiKimmuuiri fti.r meat-- u>-int-; I h<* tuusliip between an at,to enyme and the l'ui-1 ii, uses, ;j is ear is fJ iff new flagship of;; n.ri fitn wide Owl. of i)ii j'uiif. losi ci!r:i devoted !,, (hiding way.', in improve ipiKoiitv eliemiealfy. The i>. vision chose a hit: car because it nettled llii* .space. VVhni with ail iS>e tdeei ronit: tnpjipmonl-. extra tanks, pumps and :>lhor gear installed in Ihn airi.rimuf>ile. t.here'.s little room lo spare. Keen `la! latnilkn- /.siitaiLs on i;he rear fernTom have been used. One i:in<'fail:.; an exhaust Ian. (lie other an automats: lilt: extinguisher. 'I'wodhirds >f tin: fVeni, seat was ren owed to make space for a console packed with com oiiiers and other electronic paraphernalia. Meiers in (he console record (lie car's spark advance, engine revoluiions, iorso- i i power and el her dam. One dial reports I lit' temporal lire nl` tin* ear interior, which in air-conditioned Cor comfort aiid mu Hint windows can stay shut ami keep out I nil tic noises. The outside air. radiator coolant, carbu retor intake anti on cine- oil temperatures are also recorded. .lust push a bidden for the reading you want. This business of engine tom pern lure is important, (.lie researchers poinf. oul. Every rime the temperature tn the cylinders goes up 20 degrees, the octane retjuiremen I of I he eng tile jumps about three nil rollers. You ran run a cool engine or- low-octane saI islaclonlv, but the si0.110 gasoline causes knock as (.heengine heats up. lake l.o know how many miles to the gallon you're gel ting at any given moment Y Push another button in lln* new l.esl car and read if. on a dial. The .figure is arrived ai .by dividing the car speed by trie rale of fuel consumption.. elecLronieahy, nf course. Bpea king of lytHisiiiie, (lie Lest car oilers a wide choice. In addil ion to i.he standard gas tank, {.here are ID two-gallon containers in the luggage compartment, lit:clj holds fuel of a different octane rating, ranging from <>.r> l,o I Oil Any of the 1.1 fuels can la.: led <o the engine by pushbulton from inside (lie car. There's a vent, pump to dear the carburetor before the new gasoline flows in. Another unusual feature .is a double axis recorder, the kind that cun plot one value against another. With, ii,. investigators can get what they call a ``borderline fuel rating curve." the profile of a I'tiiTs resistance to knocking at various engine speeds. Just as rising tem per; d uro definitely increases. Is nude tendency, no does rapid acceieralion. HW Mai i < - -1 - - -a k ,; , ; - ,i. - - j, ,-2.1 pit * ? ounlriatuil iulriiriK'iil jliiils, Piis IiIiu Uu ik v<mittii fuel While the driver steps on the gas. his companion ill tiit* rear advances the ignilion spark wdlli a special control knob unf.il the engine lie gins to knock. The Is nodi is picked up by a microphone on the cylinder head, mid amplified by a loud-speaker in the back seal,. Meanwhile, the recorder plots spark set ling agaiiif.il. engine speed on graph paper. The renal I is the fee! rating curve. As a producer of tetraethyl lead and other fuel additives, .1 )u Pont constantly explores the complexi ties nf fuel behavior. The new lest ear is ju|. one more lonl. Since oil refiners are seeking answers to tin* same questions, they will be invited to examine ibin labora tory on wheels when it mm's (lie couiury this spring,. ifit lank'* ui trank rmituin J'ui*i will) vuriiij* urluuc rulings, K<piiinni'iil in ci-nlt-r nanpah's iit*r-*fiiwrr ;m<l torqini'. Tnxx them in fhc trashing nut chine. hung ihnw up fit dry -- here's line a ns teen fit easier sit in titer it ritt'j ?lf)iu*trr Willy, sales head W (lit* Willy Bros, clolliiug firm uf Now York's Sixth Avenue-, has u favorite dent on dry (ion for nailers at the company oHires, Drubbing a Willy tropier; I .still, off tin- rack. In1 smooths I he pants cu( on n ileek s iid calmly pours India ink, iodine and perhaps catsup oi the 1 reuser leg before i}in visitor's eyes. The meeting ihen ad journs to the washroom "toy la bora lory/' Willy explains...where ihe pjiiiis are washed in warm water and detergent ;mu hong up by ilie cuffs. After a It-neheon recess, Witty leads the way hank In the washroom and throws open the door There ham;; the trousers, nearly dry, s|ol,.e:ly dean anti still ii press. f>n Broadway, osar of ilie same Witty .suits is won; by a performer in the nn Teal, "Wish You Were I tore/' t hiring cadi show the; nelor dunijx*d fully doiheil iiilo a swimming pool. The suit dries out. between perfori nances, and I he actor has wore ii re peat ediy without pressing. Bofli of Ihesc examples servo to dramaide a dcvuiopmeiiL of "real poienftal In tin* lie id of men's d rilling * i he wash-ann-wer r r iiiI.; T: in;e i.y| toH of aitm:nerweipki i wash -n nd-wettr s.ni: k were introduced in 14 oil ies la,h i year. Only j.bOOof (.hum wct! availahfe, but consumer reaction was so oxerwhett) imply favorable Ibai. abiding iiiamifai tniers intend fo tt|i theii quoins Hits Hummer as much ass m,derial supplies wilt permit, At the heart rf the frond are tin Bom. nylon. "(h'lnif ' acrylic fiber and ".Dacron" polyester liber. The shape arid ; ox.rela i n i 11<>; pro per ties of llie three chemical libera make Use new suits possible. The VVir.i.y tropical Is e ll "Diicion", The oilier two suits s;casrsucker of lib oer ceni ``Orion" and 10 per cent, cot foil, and a cord of "Dacron'' and nylon..are marie by ffaapel Bros, ami ,J. Sdimmernim, ressier.iivdv. I vs all file suiis, ime os* more of the three l)u Pont libers are used in shoulder and lapel padding, lining, pockets, sen in tape and sewing thread, as well as in flic ex let ior fabric. This insures ,100 per coni washnbilit.y. Tiiere are obvious ad van! ages to being able in wash a sc it in a home machine, have H dry overnight ami put it on again I he next morning wii/i the press slftfl alnii'p, Tlu: saving; in lime and money is impressive, particularly in hot weather. But wash-a ml-wears have mother asset: they resist wrinkling to a remarkable degree*, even on humid d; ys. Ibis is welcome news for those who want i,he li<>P weather comfort, of cord or seersucker combined wtlh a nc.il appturanee. Du I'oni asked .100 men who bought- l-hc Haapel seersucker in,.; I year what they thought of h. Nine out often, after washing the .suits an average of live times, said the wrinkle-resistance was superior lo that of any oilier seersucker they'd ever owned. Wrinkles (hat did appear, they said, hung out quickly or came out in the wash. Id i rival ine buyers of ! lie* He hoc no man cord also were queried. Forty-eight said 1.1 k * sail, required less pressing than any oi 1 rear cord suit they'd worn. In both eases. 9(1 per cent of the men surveyed said they intended to buy amildar. Wiik Ii -a nil-wear suits are relatively high, priced. The seersucker will retail for alwittl. $-It) this year, the cord for perhaps $50, and the I. topical for $100, Some stores consider this an obstacle in Hales; cithers say it isn't ;f the ex Ira va.ue < !' I.he sir its is demonstrated properly, Spencer Witiy, for one, thinks prices will come (town an production is stepped up all along the line, from liber maniilaei nre to suit inamif.iciure. *1111*1.05*, no question abend ii in my mil id," he says, "The washable suit is (lie anil of the future." IBM s.,:. ii:\\ [ ')) i : \ j'.i: Vi . i: I . BMiis uieil1 A'cratoi. : r,it. akna iiikiikk . (j i;# i - K.;l,ii--' iiHVtd IVi-'tta.'* i *i?C *<*ii w.*k< *ikW : I. ' : iiii_ilUi-ii,; .tifii lui'i'i'hsiiutLtfi s arc citti m" ft-sis utul tmpnttittn prosi art ftnHffthtu itifh pnrkapox coatt'if with " tinthan palvrth\lftt/> roxisi t'r \V. 1 I. KAHTON .1 bi.llr nyes' a year ago \\ aJgiveiid; drug stores W<`SV m iii! a *>= l [j tiH'rdtaittflam;.: janleem F>vab orange juice was big "itirissurRs in he {(n.ig chain s i i It) :-r>du foiailaiiirt. In Inr.l , mure titan 1 hi.0)(>.f>)<J glasses luul been served learim; I'J.hl at ;> cents : glass. hiii. Htjtieexedmerurdrr oivmgc juice loll nt.n.ji in hr ilr-riraif. Surveys showed Itiai ssj.ieoy.in;.: onmyeK (in' a pj*h is**" of juice loo); an eve ago of :i.H mini i (.<;! slew work at. a J)1.1av fount.; in. in ailflii ion. then* was (.he ex and bother of bane ling heavy era ice; and dis pel.- iop. of eitt|;f V fSeelrS. Ill i nekline (lie ttrc.bleny WaigreotiVi i x.-rui urns livst iiive.-it.i.yni.on mtts? rat fie sq not mini; mao!" in* a. Tlial Hiliit.ion hi.tkeci ntoexiiciisic s.e.si) ihoy look Uu- problem to I lie fhiRcci Ricking Cm, Dade City, M.i., a large producer of freyon ril.nis wwiwnf r;;(a. Workmg rlosi-Iv with iheHinSidnrd ! Bek ay mg Co, of jersey ('ii.\ . Risen engineers som? eanic tip wiili a rerun itncnd; l,tcm. singksorviee par oiges o' fto/.en mange juice CimecnUnle. 'I'ln- idea was hnnirdiniely accepted by Walgreen, subji*c( l.o the working uni <f technics! dot ails. Tito wheels tiOyau to foil it) imtirtinry ivBB. iVeseo and Blanc,ard wigmecrs (Bund ihi.iy needed a li1 .-ox. . snekage thaf would be urutspnren!. ftnlcn1- '^ |m>IU iill vh-iii* rr-ln , I* - J i . .1 i-.i" ' ! . I . : : : . inm-4iir<' from\v<'ak<`imi j i v:c`i^fii`d 111*it in. Tht'vVr v:is\ lo hamJ U-. :tfmi shirk iimth osi skti proof, strong, flexible -iI: low temperatures, easily bul see. 1 rely heat sealed, airlighf, and adaptable Lo con ventional packaging equipment. The answer was a poudi bag made of "Alalbon" polyolhylene rosin lam dialed lo cellophane. The cello pharteon t he outside supplied the needed transparency, tensile strength and protection from oxygen; (.he iimerlininy of "Alalhon" lilled ilie requirements for lowtcmpeiT.Iure flex!}>ilily, oast* of heat sealing, and low moisture-vnpi 1 r irailsrnission. Product ion of Lb esc packages of juice outieenl nee began during < he site spring of'52 and soon sky rods clod fc a h igh of 250.000 units per clay. This yew I ho figure may triple. Walgreen's drug stores alone; will probably sell about flli.OCW.OOO umila. Ami her example of how `'Alalhoi;" is tvvolul ion izing packaging is found in the meat-packing industry. For years Oscar Mayor & Co. of JVladir.on, Win. had been using heavy woodcm barrels for shipping mem. trimmings to their sausage kitchen in Chicago. Hut these containers were a musance. Washing and return shipping after each delivery were eostlv: (he barrels were hard 10 handle1 and store, and lead to be repaired frequently. And there was always the danger of the meal losing flavor and color during shipment. The St. Hegis lJa|K;r Co. of New' York seggesled that a multi-walled bag could do the job better. < Iriopetiiimg wil.h Oscar Mayer & Co,, they worked out ll i is I'oeo miner da fion: 7o lb. ea pacity, valve-ly 1 r- paper bags with coatings of "A ltd lion" on the1 inside. They proved an immediate success. The coaling oj' " Ahithon" prevents flu; moisture in the me;if from weakening the bag. The; bags eliminate re I urn shipping eo.-.l. are easier to handle and si ore. and can In; more quickly and thoroughly refrigerated. Finn My, they help (.11 retain the full flavor a id color of the mem and to pro I eel. the; natural juices. C ase histories like* these* arc* becoming common I id. reduced commercially less than six years a go, coat ings of "Alal.lion'' on paper, aluminum foil, cellophane and similar materials arc; rapidly becoming the first. choice1 of many packagers. Dairy companies, for ex ample. arc: using heat-sealed poudi hags of ''Alull ion" and foil for highly wafer-absorbing nonfat dried milk. Meat packers are using combinations of cellophane and `"A I,alb of" for lunch mead.;; ami bacon. Food companies art- using package;-! coated witn "Alalhoti" for gr.-rniluled sugar, baking powder, dog food and lard. And induct red companies put the versatile resits (.0 work in packaging prodtlets that range from peal, mors lo chemicals and eelfie feeds. To meet the needs of those products, packages coated wills "Alot.hen" arc being produced in ninny forms poudi bags, single-ply bags, multi-wall bags, inner-wraps, over-wraps and cardboard cartons all earenilly designed to fake advantage of (lit1 renin1!; a Wo properties of the new coating. Wbal of the future of '`Alathuu" 111 packaging'.' PeT.sps the clue lies in a statement made by a qnalilioh observer when bearing of Walgreen's new7 package lor orange juice concord ral,o; '`There just, won't. 00 enough orange trees in Florida to stippjv the demand." 35 ducal by Du Pont, meets industry and consumer demand for sheerer hosiery. Warning to women; this is "luxury" hose; the finer the denier the more delicate "GOING TO PAINT?'* ia the title ofa new 36-page I, it de* D-7111417t jAr%t Wf ilmington' DelJJCl, t Division, Room . by the Wiliam Marvy Co., 479 St. Peter St., St. Paul, Minn. Marvy says "Lucite" is a special favorite of barbers located in sections where a barber pole is an inviting target for stones. Gf-'tNT MOFol l)y Pont o.'iiulnsi.`sponge, 11 inches wide, mnkt.s quick work <>i in.suun ios.ul Hum cleaning, 1 Vorsin:.' down on 1.111 metii) handle wring:-; l.he mist; and dot.hies it up in ihe middle so si. c.-io be dipped in !l:c pail, The I ianooek Quidik. iVIuo Co., 2UI.li ;.iik I Oxford Sis.. 1 'iiilaifelphi;:. is the maker. 1-i.KXilILK VAi A11 bllllil.I) i.iatle of neoprene, `-Hi P<j u I.'.s dn*i) iea I-res is unit symbolic rubber, Is designed lor usi> on pipelines handling acids rind other lm,;a r-loi.m i uaI crisis. 11 |irevi-ni.s a eid I mm spraying on ihe opemfor i/ (he valve pad;inr; should fail. Manufaei j s w Is Ijiditslrud i'mdueis Co., 2X20 N Knurl h SI., Philadelphia. I <! I iVJ-< i C K Is I ) ITS: 1 : i :.r ; Ii ..-in ; t % ,. .... 1* C ........... I-...-.: V. n.,1. I <) -ft.-.: C. in.ii. IX! .r; ,K; C.,,,,; i.-,. ....... :A-n. <.***: iS X:.:-' I'.A i. Jj/o. ; i.ji hr: I , Moil.-"; .uni Cp-.m; Keich-v AA-,,- Ami i k !.i? G.-n k u Cli hi, i r,.-, i.ti.i 11. .! kb- 'lay <. 1 >> . U f'i-'D t'.'ud r, rd".,-, .in,] i,*,V r,H ,.M,,m Tin-tn ,v,i,y5U;hl D'O,.): !-? i,.-. i Vim i m,v y,;,,-.r :.di:. v.-:,.-.-. hi-..: i'j\uu 1 ,,! l d!i; < '".ij! -:.y : il ? j | i {, .l.-mii O-. P:i gc a .5. :uni i.Ani, u -.j. i'-n-.-i P-.yt- Jh. C S*.is 1: *:V H j. Hi ir,.: C*M ) A;.r <":--h i-R-;v n; in::. I G:i.V;n O'Vh<- ;'Tv - = ,u .>,, ;\ -n,-r : Ii.i.; Km.iirv NalwJi:-!] Puim, V.m nisi: , I,,u >.\j .u t A:.ir.-'.; .............. i'.nirt--: y Vr,- :i< sr, Kh.isu O'.. lu- l'.-pr 1;H, U-llum Gil: C l-'ci n f.,tr < Dtp. S h'- Jiiiry : .-.r-.y); f.. .=: on: i 1,-liS ; O iu/1'.'iiV ilira.Ht W.M.t.i ..i.d W-m-.. l-v ; I'nyA r ; G`-'o'.5'\`-.-..y i.-.-ra Vir..-Wvi C-.j|. ; ri.bi. idiatcw A', u- Mc-im A7 . wi v ? 7, cm -hi: C;>ilD m. I'.r.lMd.,!'.. '" On i Ih ; Inillleficld, I ho J ool lial) field and ilia baseball diamond: iti 1.1 m iilltce, lilt* lextito mill and ilia lios|ilal. our lives are , . . Coded by color T lie infantryman was cut off and out, of ammunition when Allied planes parachuted supplies. Some of f.hn chutes,red in color,carried radons, (heen meant ammo. The G1 dashed for die one lie needed. A flier was downed in the Pacific, waiting on a raft for help to come. lie took a packet of dye and dropped it info the wafer as a sea marker. IJp above, a rescue plane spotted the yellowish water. Another observer was on land, studying the cf'l'ecf of an Allied bombardment. He picked up his field radio mill reported: Your red smoke shell landed at position so-and-so. The men behind the guns zeroed on the target. These military uses of dyes for identification--w which could be added the familiar signal flags-----have dozens of civilian cousins. Some save lives: others cut time and confusion; still others save money or help make it. In tne field of sports, the hunter who wears a bright- red jacket isn't doing so because it's pretty. He doesn't wish io be mistaken for n deer by another inmter. Skiers who don gaily colored jackets and sweaters lean more toward glamour, hut the quick at.toiif.inn value of die colors helps warn others and furi's'l-ali collisions. Sports color identification, of course, is a key stone of football, racing, and baseball. Witness even tht' names: the St. I mils Browns, the Cincinnati Beds, the Keel Sox, the Kansas (lily Blues. Schematic colors apply not, only to players* uniforms but to bands, cheerleaders, pennants, and even `tickets. These dyed I iekets save a lol of bo! her lor the man at the gate. When the tickets start pouring in, lie can'I, slop to read (he date on them. He simply knows 1 hat ibis week's tickets are green, last, week's were yellow, and next week'* will be gray. Wrong color, wrong ticket. Most fans don'l think much about the influence of color identification in sports uni il they're without if. That's where curly TV loft them. A football team with Main Inn'll covering:- for lelrphnnr wires nuike sim pler an oilierw ise bewildering iili'Iililiealion task. 37 Among oilier things, the words you're reading come to you by courtesy of color, and show how dyes are important in business as in sports. This story was originally typed on a nine-copy business form, with five differently colored copies in addition to white ones. The green copy was for om* policy reviewer, the pink for our technical consultant, the orange for the proof reader, the yellow for the typesetter, and the blue for chance for error. d y es c u t timmmm m mms The textile industry has a similar scheme. When weaving cloth, an operator often works with a variety of differently made whit yarns. One may have a righthand twist, another a left-hand twist, etc. At that stage, they all look pretty much alike. If they go into the wrong spots, there's trouble. For this reason, many mills precolor the different yams with fugitive dyes that wash out easily. During weaving, then, there can't be any confusion and the identifying colors are simply removed later. Hospitals, on the other hand, use dyes as signposts on finished 1 extiles. The George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D. C, is one. In its laundry room, it uses different colors to identify linens used in various parts of the hospital, "This makes sorting easier," the superintendent has told us. "Green for one area 'isn't mixed up with blue for another." Another smart trick of hospitals is dyeing their old linens used for rags, In this wav, extra-dirty rags ll s no jkr wlicit h Imtili*!* roritirses si fellow hunter will* k Hriglii Jarkrrt lirlji jircwiil ill is* don't get thrown info the regular wash, hut can lie iei.:n zed ,1110 1 mated Kcpamiely. Hfili mi ! he subject of lieaiih. wr heard rccomjy if a new and unusual use fur color, A bright dye was pi if. into a .septic tank to trace any possible* seepage into the local wafer supply. Hanitation people have a valuable ally here. Shading off from siriert color identification is (he Held of pro mo f, km- by - co! or. A large eastern depart meet store, for instance, puts purchases into distinctive blue hags and boxes. As I he purchaser continues her si topping, others recognize I lie package, and are re minded of fIic store, Marty manufacturers also use distinctively dyed shipping cases for brand identification, ami cigarette companies sometimes match the color of their carious to Llit* color of their individual packs. And so it goes. More and more, we're accepting color as a guideposl along the road to safety, con venience and economy. There's only one spot where identificafion-hy-dyes has left the local scene. That's the use of royal purple to designate rulers. After the American Colonies re turned that piece of color identi fication to Kang Clcorge 111, this country went a step further. Our dye industry, built by 0its Company and others since World War I, lias made purple, and every other hue, so i max pensive and dependable that, ancient: royalty would turn green with envy. i ik T> "s early davy lark <l color in uniforms umilc il Intrdor Iti lot tow lltr ariioii. < olnr TV will tie a Ih io ii in this respcrl. bring fh'e outdoors indoors with SKYCOLORS What should you do about your windows, madam? Just choose one of these Sky Colors in "Tontine" shade cloth, and give the sun a place in your decorating plans. Sky Colors are highly translucent; they actually light-condition rooms subdued lay modern wall treatments. And they're a compliment to your taste from the outside, too. Upkeep? "Tontine" shades are completely washable . . . no cleaning or dusting problems. Your local "Tontine" dealer can help you choose Sky Colors for your home. Get in touch with him, or write the Du Po n t Fa b r ic s Div is io n , Dept. L, Empire State Bldg., New York, N. Y. Evening Mist Green Noon Yellow Cloud Gray DU PONT TONTINE WASHABLE WINDOW SHADES ITTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY ---------------------------------- 1 nc it iu Dc l ^50 REMINGTON STUD DRIVER . . . fastens steel or wood to concrete or steel in seconds! Today speed is an essential part of building construction. That's why the amazing new Model 450 Remington Stud Driver is a real money-saver for builders. With this versatile tool, one man can set as many as five studs a minute. . . up to 100 times faster than by conventional methods. Easy and safe to operate, the Stud Driver weighs only five and a half pounds. A squeeze of the trigger fastens steel or wood structural pieces and fittings to con crete or steel surfaces . . . with no outside power source--no other equipment needed. Here's how the Model 450 Remington Stud Driver works: a cartridge loaded with a small charge of propellent powder is fired to drive the alloy steel stud. The studs come in a wide range of sizes designed for specific fastening jobs. Cartridges are available in six different power loads, each clearly identified by color. For detailed information on the Model 450 Remington Stud Driver and the name of your nearest distributor, fill out arid mail the. coupon below. Remington Industrial Sales Division, Dept. DM REMINGTON ARMS COMPANY, INC. Bridgeport 2, Conn. Please send me descriptive literature on the Model 450 Remington Stud Driver. Na rn e~______ Firm ---------------------------- Position-------------------------------------------------------------------- Address-------------------------------------------------- City--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------State --------------