Document 0gaXxR34Noxxb7jJ2EjNVqKEM

b LEAD s Th e Hu d s o n Riv e r Br id g e , Un d e r Co n s t r u c t io n , Wil l Ha v e t h e Lo n g e s t Su s p e n s io n Sp a n in t h e Wo r l d Published by the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building "> 420 Lexington Avenue < New York VOLUME 1 JANUARY, 7937 NUMBER 2 LIA25112 Many Uses for Lead in Historic Charleston ISTORIC, quaint, and H beautiful, the seaport of Charleston, S. C., lies on a peninsula at junction of the broad Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Founded in 1670, this old southern city discovered the value of lead in various uses many the still remains. The Pringle House was built on order of Colonel Miles Brewton, Co lonial Governor of Carolina. From 1780 to 1782 it was used as British headquarters, and during the War between the States, after the fall of Charleston, the Federal forces years before the American also made use of the famous nation was born. Charleston house in similar manner. was among the first cities of this country to use lead pipe, Old Exchange Building, Erected in 1771 In 1774 the first independent government in America was set up here. The building later During both wars the citizens of Charleston stripped much and it continues to rely on lead for satisfactory service. was British Headquarters during their occupa tion of Charleston in the Revolutionary War of the lead and melted it to make bullets. Since 1850 lead plumbing has been in use in Though Charleston is one of the most historic Charleston, and ever since the formation of the spots and oldest cities in the country, and in and around it are preserved many of the old landmarks, it is modern in every sense. Cisterns, flickering gas street lights and cobblestone pavements, so often associated with it, have given wav to expensive ce ment and asphalt streets, electricity has replaced the dim gas lights, and the former brackish water supply has been supplanted by a water department system with few equals. Charleston City Hall. Built in 1801 as the United States Bank, it now houses a priceless collection of historical relics, busts and paintings, including Trumbull's por trait of Washington Water Department in 1880 that department of the city has used and continues to use lead. James E. Gibson, manager of the Water De partment, states that "It is our prac tice to lay lead service pipe from the street main to the property line of the consumer. We find it to be probably the most satisfactory ser vice pipe of all materials used." The famous resorts of the Isle of Palms and Sul livan's Island are only a few miles from the city and can now be reached over the magnificent new $6,000,000 Cooper River Bridge. This mighty struc ture is periodically painted with red lead to protect it from the ravages of rust. Also near Charleston are Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie, names familiar to every American, and the Charleston Navy Yard. In the harbor, each spring and fall, the United States An early use of lead in Charleston was on the famous and beautiful old Pringle House on King Street near the Battery. Here, in 1765, when the house was built, lead sheets were used as flashing on the roof of the great porches to protect the wails and finer beneath from water leak age. Lead gutters also surrounded the slate roof. Much of the lead The Cooper River Bridge, whose steel is periodically painted with red lead as a protection against the elements [21 LIA25113 Navy Scouting Fleet De stroyer Squadrons are based. Charleston was settled by a group of English settlers under grant by Charles II, whose name the city bears, (ts population was later swelled by French Hugue nots and Palatinate Ger mans, as well as settlers from the Bahamas and Bar- bados. The influence of these early settlers remains in customs and architecture. There are eighty churches in Charleston, ranging in age up to 220 years. Ed ward Rutledge and John C. Calhoun are buried in the churchyard of St. Philip's, originally completed in 1725. ^6^ . The old Pringle House, in whose construction, in I/O?, much lead was used and still remains Fireproof Building, built in 1825. So named because it was the first fireproof building erected in this country. It was designed by Robert Mills, later designer of the U. S. Treasury Building and Washington Monument. Broad Street, Charleston, South Carolina, with the old Exchange Building at its foot, is one of the principal business streets in the city. Lead V^ter-proofing in World's Tallest Bank Building HE new Bank of Manhattan Building at 40 Wall TStreet. New York, is the world's third tallest building. The tip of its flag-pole is 927 ft. above the bottom of the narrow val ley of Wall Street, while the top of the lead-coated cop per roof crowning its 71 stories is 851 ft. above the street. Far down in the base ments of this skyscraper the great vaults of the bank are protected by the finest mod ern methods from all the agencies of destruction -- burglarious attack, mob vi- ew ix o o al l o w ay , s. y . olence. earthquake, fire, and The Bank of Mnnbattan Building, Wall St., Hew York flood. The chances of mois... . ture penetrating to these vaults are extremely remote, for under the heavily reinforced concrete and steel vault walls are 30,000 lbs. of I2-lb. sheet lead waterproofing. Such water proofing will not only withstand moisture indefinite ly, but will successfully withstand the great weight of the vault walls resting upon it. H. Craig Sever ance, Inc., and Yasuo Matsui were the architects; Moran & Proctor, consulting engineers; Starrett Bros., Inc., builders; and J. Ringle & Son, sheet metal contractors. Top ofrough concrete '12 lb. soft sheet lead, all Joints soldered r 31 LIA25114 New Hotel Pierre Has Used Lead Extensively ANY tons of lead Phillipson Studios did M have gone into the grill. the building of one of Lead sheet and pipe New York's newest and also play an important finest hotels. The new role, being used exten Hotel Pierre, rising sively in the plumbing more than forty stories system. As an illustra above Fifth Avenue at tion of the high grade Sixty-first Street, com of construction used in mands a magnificent the building, lead was view of Park and city. used in shower bath But should the occu pans beneath the tiling. pants of its many large suites look within rather than without, their gaze This application requir ed more than 25,000 lbs. of sheet lead and Georgian Dining-room, Hotel Pierre will be met by the exquisitely decorated walls of insures the best possible protection against leaks and their rooms on which the Browning Painting Com resultant costly damage. Water closet connections pany has put, in pamt. irrch white lead. In addition, al^o consumed many pounds of pipe. In addition, the specially decorated public caulking-lead was used wherever rooms have also largely relied on screwed joints were not practical. lead. The main dining-room, foyer, Jarcho Brothers were the plumbing writing-room, and private dining contractors. rooms, all are done with white lead The architects for the Hotel by the White Allom Company. Pierre were Schultze and Weaver, Cosmo de Salvo is responsible for and the George A. Fuller Co. were the decoration of the large ball general contractors. The interior room and its foyer and the ter decorations and furnishings were raced Club Pierrot on the top done under the direction of Myers, floor high above the city, while the In a private suite, Hotel Pierre Minott & Co. Lead Paints Protect Mighty Hudson River Span HE longest suspension span in the world, the THudson River Bridge, which is now being con structed by the Port of New York Authority from against rust and corrosion. The four 36-inch cables suspended from the towers will be encircled by cast steel bands at intervals, from which will be hung Washington Heights on the New suspenders to support the roadway. York side of the river to Fort Lee The cables will then be wrapped on the Jersey side will rely on three with galvanized wire, which will ter forms of lead to protect it from cor minate at each band in a recess. This rosion. The 3500-foot suspended cen recess will then be caulked with lead ter span is nearly twice as long as wool as a protection against corro the longest existing suspended span, sion, and the finished cable will be that of the Ambassador Bridge at painted with red lead. For a Finish Detroit. It will hang. 200 ft. above ing coat on the cables white lead the water on four cables, 36 in. in paint will be used. Thus the Port diameter, suspended from gigantic of New York Authority takes no towers at each end. The structural steel of these tow chances against the destructive ac tion of rust upon its 860,000,000 in ers, rising 600 ft. in the air, is painted with red lead to protect it One of the huge oOO-foot towers of the Hudson River Bridge, painted with red lead vestment in this stupendous engi neering project. [41 LIA25115 Lead Performs Humanitarian Service in X-Ray Rooms BOUT 6?00 pounds of sheet lead are used in the A new addition to the Polyclinic Hospital in West Fiftieth Street, New York, for protection against X-rays. Lead is used for this purpose in the best modern hospital construction. It is a fine illus tration of one more application where lead renders an invaluable service to mankind. In the Polyclinic Hospital the deep therapy room in the basement and three X-ray rooms on the sec ond floor of the new addition, as well as a room in the old building, have had their walls lined with sheet lead. This is necessary because, though the X-ray is one of the greatest agencies for good known to modern medical science, unless it is confined only to that locality in which it is needed, it may be ex tremely harmful in its physiological effect. Lead ie A Erecting X-ray room walls in Polyclinic Hospital, Sew York Wythe Sc King and William S. Gregory, Architects lead, will overlap, in this way there is absolutely no space left in the wall unprotected by lead where rays might penetrate. As X-rays will penetrate even the smallest unleaded space, no nail-holes or other apertures may be left uncovered. The sheet lead is held in the blocks in such a manner that it is not punctured, and this, combined with the overlapping of the blocks, gives the equivalent of a continuous, unbroken, sheet-lead wall. Sheets of lead are also used in the floors under the X-ray machines. Fred T. Ley & Company were the general con tractors, and the blocks are a product of David H. Barry, Inc., of Brooklyn, N. Y. Details of concrete blocks with sheet lead held in center by lead straps the most effective material for stopping the passage of these rays. Therefore, walls and floors of X-ray rooms must be protected by lead to prevent the rays from having any ill effect on the occupants of neighboring rooms. Glass windows in X-ray rooms must be made of very high lead-content glass, and the operators must wear rubber clothing containing a high percentage of lead. In the Polyclinic installation the walls of the X-ray rooms are built of concrete blocks containing sheet lead at their center. These blocks are a foot square by four inches thick and the lead is Ts in. thick. The two halves of the block containing an unpierced sheet of lead between them are set two inches off center, as shown in the illustration, so that, when the wall is built up, the blocks, and consequently the r 51 Hotel Bellingham, Bellingham, Wash., painted throughout with white lead and oil LIA 2 5116 /,Three-Power,/ Locomotives Use Lead Storage Batteries T:"h r ee-Po w er '' is the term applied to the new style of switching locomotives powered wanna locomotives use 360-cell lead batteries. The advantages of this type by storage batteries, oil engine of locomotive are numerous. and third rail or trolley. These Where there is no third rail or locomotives may be operated trolley supplv, it can be oper either on the third rail or trol ated on engine or battery, thus ley, on the engine and battery combined, or on the battery alone. They can be used wher ever there are rails, making COURTESY N. CENTRAL R. R Mo. 1525, original "three-power" locomotive and predecessor of the newest type shown below saving much expense in the in stallation of third rails in yards and other places where they are not desirable. Great power for them the most flexible and use starting heavy loads is available ful type of locomotive now in existence. by the use of two sources of power at once, which As a result of more than two years' experience also makes rapid acceleration possible, speeding up with a storage-battery, oil-electric locomotive, the switching. The operation of the engine-generator set first of its kind, in its Seventy-second Street yards in multiple with the battery allows the oil engine to in New York City, the New York Central has re operate at a constant speed, doing useful work all the cently ordered forty-one of these new units. Thirty- time, either providing motive power or charging the five are for its own use, and four for use on the battery. The locomotive can be used twenty-four Michigan Central. Two have been purchased for hours a day without time out for charging, and, passenger switching service in the LaSalle Street Sta operating on the battery alone, it can be used inside tion, Chicago. The Rock Island has ordered a simi of buildings such as warehouses and in tunnels lar locomotive for use at the LaSalle Street Station, without operating the engine. and the Lackawanna has ordered two for its Jersey This is but another advance in the application of City yards. lead storage batteries in the transportation field. As The battery for the New York Central type loco far back as 1882, shortly after the development of motives is of the lead-acid type, having 240 cells pasted plates, the Pennsylvania Railroad first used and is rated at 650 ampere-hours. It is arranged in storage batteries for passenger car lighting, an appli four completely enclosed compartments with two cation which has reached a high state of perfection tiers of cells in each compartment. The entire loco in the modern Pullman car and coach. In 1904 the motive weighs 255,000 lbs., can exert a tractive effort same railroad purchased the first electric industrial of 33,800 lbs. for one hour, and 24,600 lbs. continu truck. Today these economical storage-battery pro ously. It exerts a maximum tractive force for start pelled trucks are used for materials handling in ing of 64,000 lbs. A 300-h.p. oil engine operates a almost every kind of industry. Great fleets of elec generator which either supplies tric street trucks deliver baggage power to the four electric motors and express in all of America's or, if operating at less than full large cities. Reliable power is pro load, charges the battery. If addi vided for the operation of railroad tional power is necessary, both the signals and also for mine and engine-generator set and the stor industrial locomotives by lead age battery supply it. The Lacka- storage-batteries. mc IS _a J -- COURTESY GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Three of the newest storage-battery, oil-electric locomotives, and (above') one with sides removed, showing battery compartments at each end [6J IIA25117 Hard Lead Spandrels Aid in Beautifying New Club Building HE Downtown Athletic Club Building is one of unlimited,, for the durability of hard lead is virtu Tthe most recent additions to the renowned sky ally unaffected by atmospheric conditions. Further line of lower Manhattan. This slender, graceful 35- more, when lead is used there is no trouble from rust story structure, which is devoted en or stains, which often result with tirely to the activities of the club, has other metals. This point should just been completed. The exterior receive special consideration, as beauty of the building is greatly en in many instances fine marble or hanced by the use of ornamental hard light stone facades have been se lead spandrels. riously discolored beyond reclaim. More than 400 of these hard lead Hard lead spandrels allow for the spandrels replace the face brick below finest decorative treatment with the windows. They are formed from no maintenance necessary. 4-lb. hard lead sheets and vary in size, The architects for the new the majority being 52 in. square. In the construction of spandrels, metal has come into popular use. On account of its malleability and ease of working, hard lead is particularly adapted for use in the spandrel. Among other things, it permits of a broad, heavy, rigorous treatment where emphasis is desired, while still retaining graceful ness of line. When exposed, hard lead takes on a soft gray patina which tends to bring the figured plate into The Downtown Athletic Club, New York .4 detail of the attractive hard lead spandrels on the Downtown Athletic Club Building bold relief. This feature is especially harmonious Downtown Athletic Club were Starrett & Van Vleck, when associated with the grays and light-colored and the building contractors were Thompson-Starrett materials used in the construction of the building Co., Inc., both of New York. The sheet metal con proper. tractors, who installed the spandrels and also formed The life of the hard lead spandrel is practically them, were Herrmann & Grace of Brooklyn. Sheet Lead Floor Serves Dual Purpose HEN the white lead plant of the Anaconda Lead WProducts Company at East Chicago, Indiana, was first operated, the premature wearing out of rubber hose from being dragged about over the concrete floor gave considerable trouble. As an experiment, sheet lead % in. thick was unrolled and laid over the floor. It was found that the hose, dragged about on the lead instead of con crete, lasted very much longer with the additional advan tage that a slipless and noiseless surface was presented for walking. Tools dropped on the floor may temporarily injure the soft sheet metal, but after a time the very softness of the metal causes these wounds to heal. The o. wearing of the lead seems to be indefinite. Last, but not Sheet lead flooring in a white lead plant at East Chicago, Indiana least, the lead is immune to rust and discoloration. (71 LIA25118 Another Long Telephone Cable Put to Work HE Pacific Telephone and Tele Tgraph Company recently opened for service the longest telephone ca ble west of the Mississippi. It tra verses the 415 miles between L.os Angeles and San Francisco, and was installed at a cost of 10.000,000. About 270 miles of this leadsheathed cable is underground, and the Pacific Telephone Magazine, published by the operating com pany, states that, "The lead sheath and the underground features pro vide fast, weatherproof communica tion. said to be five times freer from troubles than the open wire replaced bv the new line.'' Containing 500 wires, this cable is the second largest of its kind. It is a part of the new S30.000.000 Canada-to-Mexico cable which is to be completed in a few vears. A to tal of 18,000,000 lbs. of cable make up this particular section. An interesting new feature of this cable is that 43 miles of it are filled COURTESY PAC. TEL. 1l TEL. CO. Laying the longest telephone cable in the West with nitrogen gas and the cable plugged with gas-proof dams at in tervals. Should the lead sheath be injured in any way, such as being struck by a pick in excavation work, the gas pressure falls and sounds an automatic alarm, which locates the trouble approximately and makes it possible for "trouble shooters" to locate the injury quickly by more accurate methods, and to effect re pairs before enough damage is done to interfere with the service. The cable will carry over 26.000 words of telephone conversation each minute, as well as programs for radio hook-ups, private tele graph messages, and the electrical impulses necessary to operate hun dreds of telephone typewriters for brokers, newspapers, government of fices and others. The assistance of the Western Electric Company in providing the information contained in this article is gratefully acknowl edged. i l ! A BOOK ABOUT LEAD THE Lead Industries Association has in process of publication a comprehensive book about lead and its uses which it is expected will be ready for distribution in the near future. The object of this book will be to fur nish useful information about lead. It will contain about 100 pages, will be profusely illustrated, will be bound in stiff covers and will be of convenient size for ready ref erence. The chapter heads listed below give a good idea of its contents: Ma in l y His t o r ic a l Fr o m Min e t o Fin is h e d Me t a l Gr a d e s o k Vir g in Le a d Ph y s ic a l Pr o p e r t ie s o k Le a d Le a d Al l o y s Le a d a n d It s Ch e mic a l s io n Re s is t a n c e Le a d St o r a g e Ba t t e r ie s Le a d -Co v e r e d Ca b l e Co r r o Am mu n it io n Th e Ar c h it e c t u r a l a n d Or n a me n t a l Qu a l it ie s o p Le a d I.k:\d Co mp o u n d s Le a d Fa in t s Me t a l Pr o t e c t iv e Pa in t s Le a d in Pl u mb in g So me Mis c e l l a n e o u s Us e s o f Le a d Pr in c ip a l Le a d In d u s t r ie s Us in g It will contain a number of valuable tables. The prop erties of lead listed, including physical, electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties, will be the most com prehensive tabulation of its kind ever published in one book. It is felt that this work will be of value to anyone using or contemplating the use of lead in any form. The Washington Athletic Club, Seattle, just completed, is painted throughout with white lead and oil The Lead Industries Association invites inquiries on any subject relating fto lead and will be glad to cooperate in the solution of your lead problems. LIA25119 MADISON SQUARE PRESS, NEW VO^_