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AMtJi*fcwafafc<j5^ ' vf i -1ii 1i PERKIN ELMER t*< hM( co*'o**r'G* *0#4v CO^MCf<Vt *<fO *** A-'i IhCFC-CAVT ADVANCE POR INDUSTRIAL HY3IEOST5 As .-. Industrial Hygienist, one of ycur concern* 1* the determination of trace quantities of potentially toxic cetalllc latent*. You are u-vdoubtedly facillar vlth the nev 1 n*trvsser.tal technique called Atccdc Abeorptlcn which eiiablc* you to tscasure core than 3^ metallic and seed-octal 11c elcae.nt* at the trace level, quickly and *leply. A* an cxaeple, lead In water aolutlon ha* a detection Halt ty A tool c Absorption of 0.15 Fpo (thl* translate* to 0.15 eg/llter, or 0.015 Rg/lOOg, or O.C^ r+J= ' In air.) With the uac of a *lrgle, nor.-cpeclflc extraction and concentration step, the detection licit can be Improved ty a factor cf about 15. The basic advantage* of Atoxic Aborptlon are speed, sensitivity, precl*lon and relative frce-doe free chcdcol and spectral 1 nterferrr.ee*. To Illustrate the technique and *cce of It* benefit*, we Invite your attention to the attached article*! 1. "Detecting Or.e Part In a Million," an article describing the ti-cn.nlq.^: a-l It* capabilities In sleple and general tern*. 2. 'Detection Licit* ty Atcedc Absorption,* a table giving the current detection licit* of the technique. 3- "Atceslc Absorption Sews letter So. 17," one of a Bonthly *erie* of newsletters published ty Pcrkln-Elaer. Thl* issue deal* with trace cetali In body fluid*. I*. "Suacary of newsletter*," which briefly describe the newsletter* to dale. Ary cr all cay be obtained free of charge. Atcrdc Absorption Spectroscopy le the newest, fastest growing analytical technique not only In your field, but In Metallurgy, Clinical Cheaisliy, Mo des! ctry, and throughout general checlcal research. It Is our belief that if this technique Is not already Included iwsong yuur analytical capabilities, It it rapidly going to b*c'*w one of your oust Important tool*. for further Information please use the enclosed reply card. Very truly your*# t h e TO'jan-iixtm aiwoftATiod flrt*rt U JC*h ""*!*'&* *,***1wnrsH m&em' *..&*j*p>. wpi*inin|!i|i 'mii *j.wtyw.iw"! i.<i ip i iw "wwy LIA115 47 ^PPPg' 0 Detecting One Part in a Million... Super Sleuthing By HERBERT L KAHH, Th# Ptfttn-Omgr Corporation McUl* or mrtd compound!. present to substAnce* f cootrotffxxM of Ins (Kao o m p*rt prt million, cma perform tome astonldunf tricks They aa rrwwa the diBetroc* brtwven an insulator and i semi-conductor. they can spoil the taste of canned fords. they can indicate the pretence of wraf to u engine. they can poison the catalyst to a petro leum refining proceu. they can poison you. So wordier. therefore, that science and industry fuse brta seek in* to detect and measure tltrse metals foe decades. and that they have hnnight a cnulfitude of torli tu the taslu Wet chemistry, flame and arc emission. X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis have been among the meant employed Resent years have seen the development of yti another technique to detect metals Atomic alworpbon. as ft is called, comlHnn simplicity of opera tion, sensitiut). versatility, and precirion to rr.iVe it at once an important supplement and a power ful rival to the established means of measuring the concentration of metals, la atomic absorption, (ha sample b vapomed, usually by a flame. Light is passed through the v apor--light emitted by lamp whose cathode U made of the metal bring ought Tbe lamp emits energy only at certain wavelengths, which comprise the jo-caBcd excite* tioo spectrum of the metal The metal atoms to the sample, on the other hand, can absorb energy at only those wavelengths. The percentage of the lfchl alisorbed by the sample, therefore, b a direct aid spr<d>e measure of the cnnceofiatkm of the desired metal in kL Old And Yet New Since the principle of atomic absorption b to simple, <tne might suppose that apparatus has been lifdcr development ever unce Fraunhofer made his Erst spectral observations early to the !9th century. f Q Extremely minute concentrations of metals or metal compounds in such diversified substances as pis ton rings for tiny internal com bustion engines developed for moon-space vehicles, simple insu lating materials, or petroleum catalysts can wreak havoc for the research scientist; to his aid, how ever, come* the* atomic absorption technique, which to at once an im portant supplement and powerful rival to the established means of measuring the concentration of metals in materials. uyM-.-uwqwii uW>.yws N 389.01 LI A115 48 wy iwi m<y 1/ not, one might certainly theorize that U began wh'ch had bee-o difficult or impossible to measure v*hcn Kirchbofl explained what it wu that Fraun by other mean*. hofer saw. As the year* passed, other mctali wrre also de \ Actually. reference* to the atomic abaorptioo termined with a seruJtivity and pecciiioo which &r*l pbeoomerawi do appear in the trchnkal birralu/e rivalled. and theo In many case* surjjasved, other of ICO year* ago, together with some bints of wiiat techniques. However, many <4 the initial applica ap^wraitertij the principle might hew. Astronomer* tions were buried in Australian agricultural and built a few Instruments for their own special use* mining Journali, with the result that atomic absorp However, the analytical chemijli, tiic most w h tion took several year* to make any Impression "up forrous group to whom atomic fbaorprtioq might over.* Even now, the estimated hundred atomic haw been useful. paid H bftle attention. A chance ab*of|<oo instrument* in Australia are double the hoof-beat from Our erVl galloping technology number In use in the USA. although this ratio fa knocked atomic absorption Into a crevice, whet* changing very rapidly. It remained until the Aurtxaban physicist Alan Walih happened to notice it* glitter In the early Advantage! Of Atomic Absorption 1950'*, WeUh realized the importance of the tech- nxjue. and developed the fcrtt instrumentation that By atomic absorption, whose basic system W ctxild give general and useful analytical reroki shown in Figure* 2 and Z, it is now possible to lt aooa became evident that atomic absorption had determine the concentration of over 40 metaSa uaparalleled sensitivity to zinc and magaeatum. at Wrveb of leu than ooe part-per-fflflhon Table I NCURE - 1 THI ATOMIC AISORPTttM SYSTCM Th* h!tsw *A#4# la >* A* #1 A# *Uw+it Veiaf ssvfht. it* avipw* la split Ufa tw* hsewa, aa af wkUk paiiaa Arevfk As flaws la whlh Aa saw^l# la ka<*| *a per I tad. The iiyM ef aVaerpfie* f#paf* as Aa serKeatratle* af Aa 4eshW aleweat U Aa eewfle. TVs sewpU Ua la Aee ree*kl*ed wlA Aa r#faf*a Wan, passW sh#>*fh a e*e<kre*efef wklch s</seea evt erweeted raflatiee, --4 Weefhl H jhetWeteator aaf H Aa alaaWaelaa. FIGURE * 2 ATOMIZER AMD IURMIR SYSTEM U Ala ye*ml Water, Aa aewfta la aayiresed Aieegh Ala ceytMery SW Vy As els flewUf laH A# tawliaf settle*. Tha elr/sa^fla wlstvee awetfes haw Aa aHwiaaf a flee tyrey ef f^eylets, which If Aaa wl*e^ wlA Aa feet, ateeliy sattylsee. The salaMrra la saafarwf tvrWUwt hy Aa flaw awelfare, eed le As* Iwtaf wp 1st* Aa W*e* Uai r t :9 i LIA 115 49 'V show* ipprt>tl0ut( dc^ectabdify hmits for k w x of tbm. A few of (be chi/ictniitJa that gjv# atomic abaorpOoo certain advantage* over prrvkou* methods are: Simplicity--The ot^otiil simpbaty of the tech nique make* K possible to Install equipment at modest first cort* to mo tt Without highly-trained personnel, end to produce Aft*})-*** At considerable Speed*. Sem&frtty--Is contrast to the requirement* of tmimon spectroscopy, the burner shown to Figure f need only vapnetre (he sample There i no need for the atoms to reach hJgh-energ). or *ndtfd" state. For many metals. it if considerably easier to produce A vapDe this to eicite the atom* Such metals *re detected far more senutb-cljr by absorp tion than by any rmkrioa technique. frfcutoa The feet thet the cnrtalhc Atom* oeed not be etcited, together with the possibility of using a double-beam technique (Figure 1), Spake* it possible to obtain highly reproducible And de pendable result* with minimum of Adjustment*. Specificity--Atomic absorption is remarkably free from Interference** which are defined A* any factor tn the sample tending to complicate an aoalyii*. Only the metal being sought can absorb the ecnia* aioo Une* of the source There la, therefore, no poeuhtbty of cpffc'ef interference. The possibility of ckrmical Interference still remain*, but ll consider ably rmaTler and easier to remove than in most other technique*. (When chemical Interference taker place* other constituent* te the sample affect the retuhi from the metal being sought. This prob lem Arise* in aH element detection method*. but 0et*nwiA*tie cf m*Ui ee# LIA11550 ntlUflglr i^saTiii min to *ffct atomic abaorptioo my ImW). Application (of atomic absoqksoo 4/e Increasing at an accelerating pace. A (rw of ll*e use* reported during the past year appear below; 1. It to possible to obtain precise In/ortnstioo aliout tlvc wear of engine jiarU by measur- tog the oonrentratk-a of va/Vms metal* to the lubricating oil. Id a recent study. It wa* shvwo to be quite easy to determine the levels of copper. Iron, chromium, lead. silver, barium, and sodium to the crank- case oil of railroad engine*. & Atomic atworptioo now furnishes a simple. prncuc method of measuring Irad to JAIO* ttoe. 1 The preset** to crude ofh of toon. copper, nickel and sodrnm eventually poisons the catalyst during the cracking cycle. The ability of an Atomic a!*orptiofl Instrument to perform i50 analyse* per day has frd* toed important savings to the cracking proc ess for ooe firm- 4. Atomic Absorption b*i entered the fore front of u-mJ-condixior research TrOurtum and other t/Ace impintie* A/e *f\xi*rd to A variety of semi-conductor msl rrtab 5. Atomic absorption has also beeo used rue- cmfully to measure tin, antimony, And copper to glass. A Metallurgy to amrthrf Arid where Atomic atworptHxi u coming toto Iti owe A recent study djKkvd (Kit it w a s rsty to drtrf- mine low-loci concerttrstv<* of xtoc to luu*ite. In Trigland. magnesium It being determined routinely in rue i rl end nk kef aHo)*. It is lle or no prvbW-n* to deter mine Aluminum concentratxn to steel 7. It Kas been found possible to detect coo- <rntjslw>ni of less than one p-*rt per htboA of copper, Iron, manganese. nkiel and hnc to seA-wAtet. without any sample pre-treat ment, according to a recent art* la. S Sodium. iron, magnesium, and hto- moth have been determined at low level* In a synthetic sweetener, with d o sampto IxrparAtiun ewept solution la distilled w*ler. Monthly Newslrtior AvgiUW# In order to prnvkl# * convenient way to heap up with the mushrooming literature no atomic alworp(tow. Ou4 firm puldishes a nmltdy twtUto, wUkh esmiain* up-to-date bibliographies, summaries, and other items of Interest. Mmh of the early work on atomic slworptkm was dor by adaftfing ctiiting toatrumentation oa TABLE ! - APPROXIMATE DETECTION UMITS IX>R SOME METAU METAL OONa LN PARTVMUJJON Cadmium A)1 CJawdum o\ Copper .008 Iron X8 Manganeaa JO 1 Stroolivm XU Zloc 005 A do4t-you/actf basis, to 1957, articles describing different designs began to appear to tarhnksl journals, and shortly thereafter, combinations of "bu dd mg-block* compoornts were offered coos- meedsQy. Atocuc Absorption spectroscopy srat through the same development process as conventional ab sorption spectrorropy bad done, although at an ac celerated pace. The first un*ti were of the tingle- beam type, to which the results were directly dependent upon source and detector stability. In many, the radiation from the source was oof chop ped. which made it oecetaary for the operator to compensate to some way for emission from the Earn*. Modern tostrumeotatjoo ncplyi a double-beam, chopped light r>itrn> to masimiz* stability and operator tuoveuiet*.*. With cor of the newer atrenk* slv*rpev>n rpcctropbcrtometm such as our Model 303 (Figure 3j. it to possible to art up an analysis in under 10 minutes, not counting sample preparation. A determirvsboo 1* typically made to less than one minute. The immediate future can be rtported to show a big increase to the number of atomic absorption applications to the detntioo of metals Many sci entists have already shown a desire to use atomic absorption to test also for jhoiphnrui, sulphur, and iodine. whose resonance lines be to the far ultra* violet ijcctn] /rgkm In this rrpon H U necessary to purge the optual path with nitrogen, which rw quires the irp^e-ment of the tone by soma kind of heating clement able to work without Oiygen. flsprrirnrnti with several type* cf devices arr undar way, and fuffidently encouraging data art on hand to ensure eventual voters*. In the more distant future, there probably he* vacuum tortrumeot capable of diking for orygest, tUlfogr-a, aid hydrogen Another strong poulWUty to an atomic *h**ptioo direct reader, capable cf testing fie many elements at one time. One thing U aura, (he young field of atomic absorption spec- tmatopy wiQ continue to be erciting for a long time ic come- KapHntad from IISfAtCW/DlVtlOfMIWT Mo0oilna( jwnn, l**J i>*v.w ywgc ..usivyrx^ LIA11551 DETECTION LIMITS IN A TOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY The numtvrs below represent the present analytical detection limits of elements o by atomic absorption bivctrophotometry. Except where noted, the limit Is tliat obtained In water solution and with an air-acetylene flame. The use of organic solvents can produce an Improvement of 3-10 times in the detection limit. All ii>e values for detection limit for a given element shown on this sheet arc identical--merely expressed In different units. 'ITie detection limit is defined as the concentration giving a signal equal to twice the variability of the background. The detection limits in air are given In tng/m^, and assume an analysis where 1 ft. 3 of air Is drawn through an impinger, and its content dissolved in 10 cc of water. ELEMENT p.*i '"! mg/liicr ppm DETECTION LIMIT mg/lOOg mg/m^ Air A*. 0.02 0.002 0.008 Ar 0.5 0.05 0.2 As 1 0.1 0.4 Au 0. 1 0.01 0.04 Bj 1 0.1 0.4 Be* 0.05 0.005 0.02 Bl 0.2 0.02 0.08 Ca 0.01 0.001 0.004 Cd 0.01 0.001 0.004 Co 0. 15 0.015 0.06 Cr 0.01 0.001 0.004 Cs 0.05 0.005 0.02 Cu 0.005 0.UUO5 0.002 i Fc 0.05 0.005 0.02 Hg 0.5 0.05 0.2 K o.ous 0.0005 0.002 U 0.005 0.0005 0.002 Mg 0.003 Mn 0.01 0.0003 0.001 0.0015 0.004 Mo 0.2 0.02 0.08 Na 0.005 0.0005 0.002 Nl 0.05 0.005 0.02 Pb 0. 15 0.015 0.06 Pd 1 0.1 0.4 Pi 0. 5 0.05 0.2 Rb 0.02 0.002 0.008 Rh 0.3 0.03 0. 15 Sb 0.2 Se 1 0.02 0.1 0.08 0.4 Sn 2 0.2 0.8 Sr 0.02 0.002 0.008 Tc. 0.5 0.05 0.2 Tl 1 0.1 0.4 Tl 0.2 V* 0.5 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.2 Zn 0.005 0.0005 0.002 > An organic solvent end oxyacetylcne flame are required. \ N 389.02 * tm- LIA11552 SUMMARY OP ATOMIC ABSORPTION NEWSLETTERS AND APPLICATIONS REPRINTS This describes the Atomic Absorption Newsletters published at Pcrkin-Etmcr. All of them arc available free of charge on request. Unless specified, the authors arc employees of the Applications Laboratory at Perkln-Elmcr. ' No. 1 - March, 1962 "BIBLIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL APPLICATIONS" Presents a very brief outline of atomic absorption applications to biological, agricultural, metallurgical, and miscellaneous problems. Also includes a bibliography of 58 articles published on atomic absorption up to early 1962. No. 2 - April. 1962 "BIOLOGICAL. APPLICATIONS OE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" This surveys briefly methods for the determination of Ca. Mg. Na fc K in blood, various metals in urine, and other biological applications. No. 3 - May, 1962 Superseded by Newsletter No. 13 No. 4 - June, 1962 "AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY This is a survey of the work done on the analysis of metals is soils and plant materials. Particular success is reported with zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium l and pitas slum; also copper, iron, manganese and molybdenum are found to have few t- or no interferences. No. 5 - July, 1962 "THE APPLICATION OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY TO METALLURGY" This is a survey of the determination of constituents of alloys. High sensitivity and precision arc found for the detection of zinc. Got>d agreement Is found with Certificate values for lead in various standard alloys. Studies arc also quoted on magnesium In nickel and aluminum alloys and the determination of manganese, cadmium, molybdenum, platinum and others. r No. 6 - September, 1962 Superseded by Newsletter No. 16 No. 7 October, 1962 "ATOMIC ARSORPHON SPECTROPHOTOMETRY WITHOUT THE USE OF FLAMES" Also "ANALYTICAL OPERATING DATA FOR THE M01H.L 214 SPECTROPHOTOMETER" A discussion of various proposed method# to avoid the use of flames in sampling. At present none of the method* are yet commercial. ; t > I ....... %- ' ^ 389.03 1 ' ' _ " ..... LIA11553 lipwwwwmy o No. 14 - August, 1963 "THE MODEL 303 ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER" A technical description of U>e new instrument. Also, "CEMENT ANALYSIS"- the description of an analysis for calcium In cement, performed to great precision by the use of scale expansion. Also brief descriptions of the determination of other metals in cement. 1 . No. 15 - September. 1963 "THE DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" ; A discussion in considerable detail of the instrumental parameters, interferences and precisions obtainable In the determination of calcium by atomic absorption. No. 16 - October. 1963 "BIBLIOGRAPHY TO APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" A listing of 79 further articles on atomic absorption, together with a brief breakdown of articles according to their various fields of interest. No. 17 - January, 1964 "TRACE METALS IN BLOOD AND URINE" also CERTAIN TOXICOLOGICAL TRACE METALS" This describes successful determinations of trace quantities of various metals, Q particularly Cu_and Ft. In blood and urine, and gives detection limits for 13 metals ; In urine without sanipTe preparation. There is also a paper on toxicological trace ; metal determination by Perkin-Elmcr personnel together with F.Ricdcrs and V. Cordova of the MeJical Examiners office in Philadelphia. This describes methods for the determination of small quantities of cadmium, chromium, thallium, cobalt, and lead in blood and urine. No. 18 * February, 1964 "DETECTION LIMIT'S IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" IXtcction limits with the Model 303 are given for presently determinable elements. Careful discussions arc presented of the difference between sensitivity and detection limit, enhancement by organic solvents, and requirement# for refractory metals. A short evaluation ol alternative sampling methods is also given. No. 19 - March, 1964 "DETERMINATION OF THE MAJOR METAl-S IN GRANITIC AND D1ABAS1C ROCKS" also "Cu AND Zn IN BAYER PROCESS LIQUOR" by C. B. Belt, St. Louis University. A description of experiments leading to the determination of sodium, potassium, i calcium, magnesium, manganese and Iron In silicate rock*, with gixxl agreement demonstrated with spectrocltemtcal and chemical mctltoda. There Is also an article on the determination of copper and zinc In Bayer process liquor by C.B. Belt, Jr. ) of St. Louis University. LIA1155<i SMWMB.JW . ,*UJ ^ 7 rrwTiJt^i SUMMARY OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION NEWSLETTERS AND APPLICATIONS REPRINTS This describes the Atomic Absorption Newsletters published at Pcrkin-Elmcr. ,, All of them arc available free of charge on request. Unless specified, the , authors are employees of the Applications Laboratory at Perkln-Elmcr. No. 1 * March, 1962 -BIBLIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL APPLICATIONS" Presents a very brief outline of atomic absorption applications to biological, agricultural, metallurgical, and miscellaneous problems. Also Includes a bibliography of 58 articles published on atomic absorption up to early 1962. No. 2 * April, 1962 -BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" This surveys briefly methods for the determination of Ca, Mg, Na & K in blood, various metals In urine, and other biological applications. No. 3 - May, 1962 Superseded by Newsletter No. 13 No. 4 - June, 1962 "AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" This Ls a survey of the work done on the analysis of metals is soils and plant materials. Particular success ls reported with zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium; also copper, iron, manganese and molybdenum are found to have few or no Interferences. No. 5 - July. 1962 "THE APPLICATION OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY TO METALLURGY" This ls a survey of the determination of constituents of alloys.' High sensitivity and precision arc found for the detection of zinc. Good agreement is found with Certificate values for lead in various standard alloys. Studies arc also quoted on magnesium in nickel and aluminum alloys and the determination of manganese, cadmium, molybdenum, platinum and others. No. 6 - September, 1962 Superseded by Newsletter No. 16 No. 7 October, 1962 "ATOMIC ARSORPHON SPECTROPHOTOMETRY WITHOUT THE USE OF FLAMES" ' Also "ANALYTICAL OPERATING DATA FOR THE MODEL 214 SPECTROPHOTOMETER" A discussion of various proposed tm-tlKxl* to avoid the use of flames in sampling. At present none of the methods are yet commercial. , 'ipn,..I jjwmj-.-.JLw 1'T ygtftw'sw yqr-wii N 389.04 UyMWHW I'*1.!1 r" "I",'" f; > jWyMg.1'^ ,, LIA 115 55 ^5PPt ? No. 8 - November, 1962 J "LITHIUM ISOTOPE ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC ARSORPHON SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" j A preliminary report on the determination of the Li^ and the LI' isotopes. Initial results look promising. No. 9 - December, 1962 "ATOMIC ABSORFI ION SPECTROCHEM1CAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT MATERIAL WITH ! PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MANGANESE AND IRON" by D.J. David. C.S.I. R.O. Australia. A description of successful determinations of Iron, manganese, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and strontium In plant materials, with indications of the method in each case. No. 10 - February, 1963 "A BURNER ATOMIZER FOR ATOMIC ABSORPHON SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" A description of the design and performance of the burner system developed for the Model 303. No. 11 - March. 1963 ' SOME BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ARSORPHON SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" A compilation of several brief articles. ' TRACE MirTAl-S IN BLOOD PLASMA", "ZINC IN URINE", "IRON IN PROTEIN SOLUTIONS", and "RECOVERY OF Ca. Mg. and Zn in BIOLOGICAL MATERIAI.S". t } Describes the determination of cadmium, chromium, manganese and molybdenum at their natural levels In plasma. There are also discussions of zinc in urine, iron in protein solutions and calcium, magnesium and zinc in various biological materials. A preliminary analysis is also described for calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in bone ash. No. 12 - April, 1963 "THE APPLICATION OF ATOMIC ABSORPHON SPECTROSCOPY TO THE ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS" also "DETERMINATION OF THE METAL CONTENT OF LUBRICATING OILS". This includes a review of published work on the determination of lead in gasoline, copper, iron and nickel in crude oils, and sodium in oil*. There is also a paper on determination of the metal content of worn lubricating oils with results for iron, copper, lead, silver, barium and sodium. No. 13 - May, 1963 "MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM AND ZINC IN ANIMAL NOTIUTION" bv H. E. Parker of Purdue University, Also "SOME DETERMINATIONS OF Ca am' Mg IN MXX)ir. Successful methods of analysis for the metal* named in various minerals, feeds, and tissues. There Is also a description of determinations made at Pcrkln-Elmer of calcium and magnesium In blood. I I Il IT--------------------------------------------- ~T~~---------------------- ----- I... ... -- .................'I | | '1 --V T l'~'l 1|I|T 11 HIM II !|| p JI|i|ffH Mil || | I LI A11556 ----- * No. 14 - August, 1963 "THE MODEL 303 ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER" A technical description of the new Instrument. Also, "CEMENT ANALYSIS'** the description of an analysis for calcium In cement, performed to great precision by the use of scale expansion. Also brief descriptions of the determination of other metals In cement. No. 15 - September, 1963 "THE DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" A discussion In considerable detail of the instrumental parameters. Interferences and precisions obtainable In the determination of calcium by atomic absorption. No. 16 - October, 1963 "BIBLIOGRAPHY TO APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" A listing of 79 further articles on atomic absorption, together with a brief breakdown of articles according to their various fields of Interest. No. 17 - January, 1964 "TRACE METALS IN BLOOD AND URINE" also CERTAIN TOXICOLOGICAL TRACE METALS" This describes successful determinations of trace quantities of various metals, particularly Cu and Fe, in bloid and urine, and gives detection limits for 13 metals In urine without sainpTe preparation. There Is also a paper on toxicological trace metal determination by PerkinT.lmer personnel together with F. Rlcik-r* and V. Cordova of the Medical Examiners office in Philadelphia. This dcsciibes methods for the determination of 6mall quantities of cadmium, chromium, thallium, cobalt, and lead In blood and urine. No. 18 - February, 1964 "DETECTION LIMITS IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" Detection limits with the Model 303 are given for presently determinable elements. Careful discussions arc presented of the difference between sensitivity and detection limit, enhancement by organic solvents, and requirements for refractory metals, A short evaluation of alternative sampling methods Is also given. No. 19 - March. 1964 "DETERMINATION OE THE MAJOR METALS IN GRANITIC AND DfABASIC ROCKS" also "Cu AND Zn IN BAYER PIWXIENS LIQUOR" by C. B. Belt, St. Loula University, A description of experiment* leading to the determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese and Iron In silicate rocks, with gr*xl agreement demons!rated with spcctrochcmlcal and clx-mlcal method*. There I* also on article on the dcicrmlnatlim of copper and zinc In Bayer process liquor by C.B. Belt, Jr, of St. Loula University. '.jo 'j au u .hiv*. J - ~, I.... I nI ^wriii r*il ii~j(iTiriiPT"W. irr-^urM iiTQ'inrii n.r "i rffrirr l'i -nr "rf W'\n I III'fi Til I iwrrrj^t * LIA11557 No. 20 - May, 1964 "DETER V.1NATION OF SELENIUM AM) TELLURIUM IN COPPER BY ATOMIC i ARS0RFP10N SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" and " DETERMINATION OF VERY SMALL ! AMOUNT'S OF COPPER AND LEAD IN KC1 BY ORGANIC EXTRACTION AND ATOMIC ABSORFHON SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" also "CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM ON THE MODEL 214 ATOMIC ABSORFriON SPECTROPHOTOMETER". Methods arc given for the determination of selenium and tellurium in copper, with de-lection limits of .005% selenium and .005% tellurium. Analysis time is less than 10 minutes per sample. Also, an extraction procedure for traces of lead and copper from solid KC1 is given. Applicability of the method is demonstrated for several other elements. No. 21 - June, 1964 "THE DETERMINATION OF STRONTIUM IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY" also "COOKBOOK FOR ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY". Methods arc given for the determination of strontium in ashed samples of milk, bone, plant materials and shellfish. An extensive study is presented of the methods of controlling strontium analytical interferences.