Document 0ZODj5xRLN7bLVwqapobBNXM

REDWOOD EMPIRE ASSOCIATION Red lead paint protects the steel on the worlds longest suspension span, the Golden Gate Bridge across the portal of the San Francisco harbor. The Oakland Bay Bridge in the background is also primed with red lead. See story page 6. N 1054 Today's House Paints THE function of a house paint two-fold, first to provide an ex terior surface that will add charm and beauty to the home. Secondly, and more important, to provide a protec The painted surface of this house exhibits a charm and beauty that no other surface treatment can achieve. IPhiie lead in the paint provides durability. tive barrier that will isolate the con struction surface from the ravages of weather through many seasons. Almost any paint will meet the first requirement initially but only the best paints will remain beautiful for long periods of time and meet the second requirement, too. Generally speaking, WHITE LEAD-TITANIUM DIOXIDE HOUSE PAINT Pigment: In Per Cent By IPeight Basic Carbonate White Lead Titanium Dioxide 35.0 15.0 entitled "Wood Siding. How to Install It Paint It. Care for It." In addition to water resistance, white lead imparts manv other just as desirable characteristics to an ex terior house paint, far more than anv those paints with excellent weathering 100.0 other pigment. White lead, being an properties will have a high proportion of white lead in the formulation. The accompanying photographs of Vehicle: Linseed Oil Thinner and Dryer active pigment reacts with the oil in 80.0 the vehicle to form lead soaps that 20,0 reinforce-the paint film and increases the home of William R. Bradley, of Tenafly, N. J., which was painted re cently with a white lead-titanium Pigment Vehicle 65% 35% 1000 its flexibility and elastic strength. These lead soaps also serve as plasti cizers in that thev prevent embrittle dioxide paint (the complete formula ment of the paint film, an occurrence tion appears elsewhere in this article), white lead in paint is the fact that it that will generallv lead to earlv certainly exhibits a charm and beauty imparts high water resistance to the breakdown. that no other surface treatment can paint film. It is undoubtedly this These advantages of white lead re achieve. Unseen of course is the dura property that prompted the following sist in long-term protection and good bility that has been built into the statement made by the Forest Prod appearance throughout the life of the paint, durability that will withstand ucts Laboratory. Madison. Wis.. paint. An evenly weathered unbroken the seasonal extremes of heat and cold '`Paints of the titanium-lead type are surface ideally suited for repainting that prevail in that particular section non-sensitive to moisture and there is another result that can hi' expected of the countrv. fore blister resistant." This quotation when while lead or a high white lead One of the major advantages of was taken from their 1956 publication content paint is used. LI A26H6 Flexible Lead Plumbing Connections %A ># Are Used Widely - pfc THE plumbing specifications in two entirely different types of commer cial buildings, the Xt achovia Bank & Trust Co. Building in Charlotte. N. C,, and the Fairview Shopping Center in Decatur. 111., include the use of flexi The Wachovia Bank S: Trust BuLiding in Charlotte. .X. C. has flexible lead stubs connecting the wail-hung water ciosets to the rigid drain lines. Harrison ana Abramovit: of ,\ew York and A. G. O'Dell of Charlotte, are the architects. ble lead connections between the rigid piping system and the water closets. In the first instance, wall-hung fix flexible lead stubs connecting the fix tures are being used and in the sec tures to the cast-iron drains. Jaros. ond. the more conventional floor type Baum & Bolles of New York are the is being installed. In either case, lead consulting engineers and '-A. Z. Price is the one material above all others & Associates are the plumbing con that is almost universally accepted for tractors. such connections bv architects, build In the Fairview Shopping Center. ers and plumbing contractors. Decatur. 111., the plumbing system is There are of course many good quite extensive and spread over a con reasons why this is so and among siderable area in this one- and two- these is lead's flexibility. A property story type structure. Geo. S. Walker, of lead that permits it to absorb any Inc. of Decatur, 111., is installing flexi strains or stresses that may be set up ble lead stubs under the water closets. by uneven building settlement, vibra Because of the type of construction, tion or differential expansion and 40 plumbing vent stacks protrude contraction without damage to itself, through the roofs and to assure water the fixture or the rigid drain. tightness at these vulnerable points, The Wachovia Bank & Trust Build lead flashings are being installed. ing. designed bv Harrison & Abram- These vent stack flashings are being ovitz. New York, and A. G. O'Dell prefabricated from 4-lb. sheet lead in of Charlotte. N. C., is 15 stories high the shop on the construction site. of concrete slab construction. The Similar lead vent stack flashings plumbing system includes wall-hung are also being installed on the Wach water closets in ail toilet rooms with ovia Bank & Trust Building. at . iMHWc.'-:;';'. mmm if * - a2L\&Sti-255iaL As exemplified by these two jobs, the widespread acceptance of lead for specific and generally critical areas is due to the inherent qualities of lead. For flashing purposes, lead is flexible and non-staining, water running over the lead onto brick or painted surfaces will not stain these surfaces with its own corrosion products. Also, the in soluble gray patina formed on the lead upon exposure to the atmosphere will blend pleasingly with any color scheme. o t\i Journeyman Obuni completes the wiping of the lead stubs for the water closet connections in the Fairfield Shopping Center, Decatur. III. A lead vent slack fashing is shown m the foreground. The roughingdn for one of the toilet rooms in the Wachovia Bank building, Charlotte, ,V. C., and a close-up of the lead stub and chair at right. New Rechargeable Lead Dry Cell Battery Developed A"LEAD dry cell" battery hav ing a completely reversible elec trochemical system which does not gas on charging and is therefore prac tically indestructible, has been devel oped bv scientists Monroe B. Goldberg and Herbert B. Reed at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory at Silver Spring. Md., to power miniature electronic circuits of the jet and missile age. Simple in construction and readik adapted to mass production, a fact attested to by a 4-hr. 3500-unit ex perimental production run at a lead ing manufacturer's establishment, the new battery (XA-10B) was built pri marily to power recently-developed electrochemical control -units f Solions) used in the "brains" of under water mines. However it is just as readily adaptable for use in transistor A ^puff of air on the Solion at the left powered by a new rechargeable ulead dry cellP center, could push iodine ions against delicate electrodes to cause a surge of electricity detectable by the meter on the right. In combination both the Solion and "lead dry r-:r' can be used for various military hardware items, among them inertial guidance'warms for missiles where changes in direction cause changes in acceleration or pressure in the Solion fluids. circuits of hearing aids, walkie-talkie transceivers, air navigation systems and portable radios. The "mighty midget" delivers 9/10 of a volt of power as compared to the H/o-volt output of the commonplace type of dry cell. But its many advan tages more than offset this voltage dif ference. Cell capacity is rated at lV/vampere hours and banks of them can be hooked up in series or parallel circuits with the aid of simple.plastic plates containing electrical tmntacts that slide over the faces of the battery under slight pressure. Circuits of con siderable voltage and amperage are built up in this manner. Charging is accomplished with a battery charger having a voltage regulator capable of limiting a charge current to the re quirements of the batterv. Such a battery charger can be readily plugged into regular commercial house wiring. The battery's anode is composed of consolidated Grenox or lead - lead cell is charged at 1.12 -- 0.03 volts the silver cathode is converted to sil ver oxide,-Ag;0, and the lead - lead monoxide anode is converted to metallic lead. A Synpor barrier separates the potassium hydroxide electrolvte from the cathode. The electrolvte itself is contained in 5 thin Dvnel ab>orber pads placed in a pile between the Synpor barrier and the anode. The as sembly is pressure sealed with a Neo prene grommet which also server a~ external insulation between the ca The neu: dry cell shown below with the vastly larger conventional type weig'ns 40 grams as compared with 95 grams for the flashlight battery. Producing 9/10 of a volt at l1/} amperes, gram lor gram, the new battery equals its predecessor in electrical capacity. oxide. The cathode is composed of thode and anode. consolidated silver powder. When the One of the principal adv antage- the XA-10B DRY BATTERY -1.187" DIA. t .003" -.002" 1.095" DIA. .010" i f t LIA26U8 12 16 TIME IDAYS1 OHMS (LOAD) 20 100 OATS 28 7.000 70 10.000 660 new battery possesses is its long-term storageabilitv as evidenced by its in' definite shelf life in the uncharged state. Even after years of use its ca pacity is not greatly affected by re peated recharging over long periods of time. It is found particularly high in shock and vibration resistance and its temperature resistance is believed noteworthy, particularly in tempera tures as low as -65 F. On the plus side of the temperature scale the bat tery has shown the same capacity after 12 months' storage at 165 F. The above characteristics and ad vantages far outweigh weight 111,6 oz.) and cost considerations. No ac tual cost figures have been developed but it is believed that costs would be about 50 per cent higher than a Mer cury battery (the competitor in its field) when mass produced. Amper age voltage - temperature considera tions. however, give the new battery a decided advantage over the Mer cury type. The dry battery released for use to the general public under federally- owned patent number 2.697.736 is a noteworthy addition to the "lead in the battery" family which up to now had as its conspicuous member, the wet lead-acid cell. Editor's Note -- There was a pre sentation of a pertinent paper titled "A Unique Dry Battery" by H. B. Reed. Jr., and M. B. Goldberg at the Buffalo Meeting of The Electrochem ical Society as part of the Unconven tional Electrochemical Systems For Batteries session' on Tuesdav. Oct. 8. 1957. Lead--Impervious Interliner For Chemical Plant Floors HON, to contain corrosive spillage stalled over sheet lead using com on the upper floor'of a chemical patible Pennsalt Asplit Cement on the process building or to convey it ibnottom of the brick, next to the lead, deliberate, safe and efficient manner and on the sides of the brick. to drainage without damage to the How to prepare the concrete floor concrete floor slab or building was a for the aboi||L construction was an problem solved and implemented by swered in terms -^.lead-based paint Icad-acid brick floor construction. used for chemicalScd. physical com- The floor in question, the cell room patability. The past coat presented of the peroxide plant of Pennsalt a clean, noncorrosrSS surface to sheet Chemicals Corp. at Wyandotte, Mich., was subject to corrosive spillage of sulphurous and sulphuric acids, a combination representing a more severe oxidizing condition4han is nor mally encountered w ith sulphurous or sulphuric acid alone. The answerWo this corrosion problem was obviously in-terms of lead. How to protect lead from mechani- xal or physical damage attendant with .any floor material, where -its imper- _viousuea is to be maintained, was amswefeti by acid-resisting brick in lead burned to cover a floor area slop ing more than 14 in. per ft. and con nected to drains. The result -- the concrete floors which would have completely disin tegrated under existing conditions in a few months were at last report, recentlv. siting continued, troublefree service for a period of over ten years. o The cantilever span of the San Franasco-Oakland Bay Bridge, shown in the background, is the longest of its type in the United States. Main tenance painting practice on this bridge relies heavily on red lean'. San Francisco Bay Bridges Rely On Red Lead Paint The newest of the San Francisco Say bridges, Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, has two coals oj red lead paint to protect the steel work against corrosion. THE San Francisco Bay area, one of the world's major deep sea ports, is the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge, opened in 1936. with a canti is crisscrossed by a variety of beau lever span of 1.400 ft., longest in the tifully designed highway bridges, two L nited States. In addition, this bridge of which hold the record as the long has six suspension spans, two 2.310 ft. est of their type. long, about the fifth longest in the The Golden Gate Bridge, opened country, and four other suspension in 1937, has the world's longest sin spans of 1,160 ft. gle suspension span. 4.200 ft., exceed The newest of the San Francisco ing that of the new Straits of Mack area bridges, opened to traffic in Sep inac Bridge by 400 ft. and New York's tember, 1956. is the Richmond San George Washington Bridge by 700 ft. Rafael Bridge, connecting these two The second of these record holders important communities in the area. This bridge has two cantilever spans and with the approaches is 21.3)3 ft. long. The Golden Gate Bridge is operated bv the Golden Gate Bridge and High way District. The San FranciscoOakland Bay and the Richmond-San Rafael bridges are under the rupervision of the California State Depart ment of Public H orks. Div ision of Highways. Howard C. ood. princi pal bridge engineer and C. S. Hamil ton. assistant bridge engineer. CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF HIGHW AYS -- PAINT SPECIFICATIONS 52-G-53. RED LEAD. SEMI-QUICK DRYING PRIMER Pigment: Red Lead Aluminum Stearate L6./100 Cal. 1,566 6 Vehicle: Raw Linseed Oil Alkyd Solution*' Drier, Lead Drier, Cobalt Thinner 160 307 16 6 92 Pigment I per cent by-weight) 73 min. Vehicle (per cent by weight) 27 max. Weight per gallon (pounds) 21.5 min. Drying time: Set to touch 4 hr.- For recoaiing 18 hr. * Federal Specification fTK-266, T>.pr III. except that the oil rumem slutl be linseed oil fain acids. 52-G-60. RED LEAD-LINSEED OIL PRIMER Pigment: Hrd Lead Lb./mCal. 2.260 Vehicle: Raw Linseed Oil Drier, Lead Drier, Manganese Drier, Cobalt Th inner 445 14 5 2 62 Pigment (per cent by weight) \ ehicle (per cent by weight \ Weight per gallon ( pound? I Drying time (hours ) 81 19 27.8 24 max. --o -- 52 G-61. SECOND COAT. RFJ) LEAD-LINSEED OIL Pigment: Red Lead Carbon Black l.!,.: 100 Cal. !.RS3 4 Vehicle: Raw Linseed Oil Drier. Lead Drier. Manganese Drier, Cobalt Thinner 490 13 3 1 55 Pigment (per cent by weight ) Vehicle (per cent by weight i Weight per gallon { pounds i Drving lime ( hours) 77 min. 23 max. 24.4 2 5 m;i\. L1 A2fel2 \ t t Despite the varying types of con struction of these San Francisco area bridges, they have one thing in com mon and that is their reliance on red lead paint to protect the exposed steel work against corrosion. The red lead primer paint formula tion used on the Golden Gate Bridge accompanies the text. The topcoat is International Orange, the pigment of which is composed of molybdate orange, toluidine red. titanium diox ide. carbon black and barium sul phate. The molybdate orange used in this paint is a complex lead molybdate and lead chromate pigment, a bril liant orange-red pigment of good color permanency with high hiding power and excellent durability. On the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the engineers have developed through experience a paint main tenance program for the care and preservation of the bridge structure that has provided the protection re quired on over 16.000,000 sq. ft. of steel surface area. Red lead paint is an important part of this maintenance program and their experience has also indicated that preparation of the sur face is of great importance. GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE GG-1-56, PRIMER PAINT SPECIFICATION Pigment: Per Cent By Weight (m 2.5) Red Lead (95% grade Min.) Iron Oxide (75% Fe-j03 Min.) 75.0 25.0 foo.o Vehicle: Linseed Oil and Synthetic Resin 80.6 Drier and Thinner 19.4 100.0 Pigment (per cent by weight) 80.0 2.5 Vehicle (per cent by weight) 20.0^2.5 Weight per gallon (pounds) 23.5 Drying time (ready lor recoating) 18 hours The first step in their repainting program is the removal by steam cleaning to which a detergent has been added, all dirt, grease, loose chalky paint, salt spray, fume deposits and other foreign material which has ac cumulated on the previously painted surface. The next step is the removal of all loose rust and paint by spot sandblasting. However, if over 50 per cent of the surface is badly deter iorated or is breaking down generally, then sandblasting of the entire area is performed. In this connection the en gineers have found that for optimum paint life, only that much area be treated as can be sandblasted and primed with red lead the same day. Four coats of paint are then applied to the surfaces thus prepared. The first or priming coat is a red lead-linseed oil paint, California Spe cification 52-G-60, or a faster drvine red lead-oil. alkvd paint, 52-G-53, fol lowed by a second spot coat of red lead-linseed oil paint, 52-G-61. The third coat is a half-and-half mixture of the first and second coat materials and is applied solidly over all areas previously painted. The top or finish coat is an aluminum paint. The painting of the newest of the San Francisco area bridges, the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge also followed the practice of the California State Department of Public Works, Divi sion of Highways. A three-coat svstem was used with a red lead-linseed oil paint. California State Specification 52-G-60. used as a primer, followed by a red lead field coat, 52-G-61. The top coat was aluminum. Color Now Added To Glass Building Blocks A PRACTICAL and unique appli cation of ceramic decorating colors to glass construction blocks has just been announced bv the Pitts burgh Corning Corp. This new appli cation of color on what has been up to now a utilitarian product should enhance its value and usefulness to the building industry. These new color glass blocks will permit the entry of diffused light supplemented by the ef fect of glowing color and provide the architect and builder with a colorful new design tool for either exterior curtain walls or interior partitions. The colors, blue, green, yellow and coral, are applied to one face of the glass blocks which, with the color ap- E.Ucnur ncu. at left, unit interior view of tome wall built of the ncu culoriul ceramic dccuiotcd glass blocks. The color finish is translucent and permanent. * plied, are translucent with a median light transmission range of about 25 per cent. The average thickness of the leaded ceramic color is 0.005 in. and the finish has a semigloss or "satin" appearance. They are currently avail able in the 8-in. square size. The color finish is permanent, with no significant fading after long-term exposure to sunlight, and is as scratch and abrasive resistant as the basic glass. Also, the finish has the same thermal expansion characteristics as the glass block face, thus eliminating the possibility of any "crazing" or spontaneous chipping through temper ature differentials. Further the glass enamel finish, which contains a sub stantial amount of lead oxide, is re- The glass color blocks in blue, green, yellow and coral are available in the 8-in square size. sistant to sulphurous atmospheres, water, chemical detergents, mild acids, and the mildly alkaline wash result ing from mortar joints leaching when exposed to the weather. To produce the permanent finish, which in effect becomes a part of the glass itself, the block is sprayed with a high lead content glass decorating enamel and sent through a continuous furnace, where thev are preheated and then fired for 10 minutes at 1.040 deg. F., at which point the enamel melts and fuses to the base glass. It is then annealed for about 1^ hours. Other uses for these leaded glass enamels include returnable beverage bottles, cosmetic containers, tumblers, lighting goods and gift glassware. The following article* and reprint* contain information, driwlnr and specification* on the aae of lead product* helpful to rchileeta. engineer* and other* interested. Thev are available free of choree *reot where otherwise indicated, upon requeat to tbe LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION. 60 EAST 42ad STREET, SEW YORK 17, N. Y. MATERIALS OF CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION ANNUAL REVIEWS -- LEAD AND LEAD ALLOYS Lead sod lead alloy* in chemical construction including res-earth progress, engineering applies(ions, aod technological advancement*. With bib liography. 1956 and 1953 review* (edition* are sot cumulative! available. Reprinted from "Industrial and Engineering Chemistry." September. 1956 and September. 1955. LEAD REFERENCE .SHEET (Part* 1 2) \ hon outline of the type*, grades. *nd chemical and physical ptoprnir* of lead in rhemiral con struction, with a uimmiry of the rorrocion rhararirnstirs of lead in use with a large number of common chemical* and solution* u*ed in various induirm. Reprinted from "Chemical Engineering Progress." January and February. 1953. INSPECTING LEAD LININGS Lafe*t method* of trtinc and inspecting sheet lead and bonded lead linings used in the chemical I rocc-, jndu*tn-- arc dorriben. Reprinted from 'Thomirai Engineering." November, 1956. REST DESIGNS FOR LEAD INSTALLATIONS \ ( << i.t I report on tbe applications of lead and te:i.| allo\ m 'he chemical and metallurgical in. 3 m , i fir. Recommended practice for joining lead 'hen* ami the construction of wood aiave tank*, launder*., mwerv and flue* where lead it involved are included. Reprinted from "Chemical Engineer ing." March. April and May, 1956. PORTABLE RADIATION. SHIELDING MATERIALS A special report cn commercially available shield ing forma thai can be ued to build readily attemblcd. hand stacked shielding wall*. Prepared hv the editors o( "Ntirlconica," Mav, 1955. LEAD WORK FOR MODERN PLUMBINC $1.50 Postpaid, $1.00 par eopy ip quanti ties of 10 or more Profusely illustrated with over 140 photograph* and drawings, this textbook presents clearly to tbe nlumhing atudent the necesaary tools, procedures and the method* required for lead work. LEAD BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BULLETINS A neriea of specifications for the use of lead to building construction. (Available separately.) BULLETIN NO. 1 Specification (or Lead Tl *ne Connection* (<vr Plumbing Fixture* with Integral Traps (Water Closet*--Pedestal I'rinaia -- Service Sinks). BULLETIN NO. 2 Specification* (or Lead Shower anil Safe Pn* M GCENTED SPECIFICATION*. FOR CHEMICAL LABORATORY DRAINAGE SYSTEM A - omrdete guide m tpe selection and tna!lah--n i .1 -uainagr ...ictu. m < t icn-ic .< i Id hor.i |/-f i- . In- . |u.i.- lal".ri"C' wa,tc and vent piping, trap*, -ink*. irsi-. trough*. `.vie pans, neutralizing l>a i u and other inpira. LEAD IN MODERN PLUMBING-- WHY. WHERE. HOW IT IS USED A 24 page booklet containing descriptive informa tion a e(| a, (our page* of detailed drawing* for plumbing installation! m various type house*. LEAD WELDING An informative as well a* practical guide to lead welding. Reprinted from the "Welding Handbook, Third Ediiion" published b the Ameriean Welding Societv. SHEET LEAD WORK FOR THE SMALL HOME A specification fortbe use of the new 21/^ lb. hard sheet lead on amail homes. THE STORY OF LEAD -- MATERIALS THE RAILROADS BUT (Pan. 1 and 2) Lead from mine to finished product with special reference to its uses bv the railroads. Reprinted from "Hailwav Purchases and Stores." December, 1^34 and February. 1955. RADIATION PROTECTION The pu-.- ..I io.t i in *hictilinc <u:<iini r i.lmimfl m X-rav and atomic energi application*. Principle! of lead shielding con* true non. Reprinted (tom "Lead in Modern Industry.'1 RED LF. AD TECHNICAL LETTERS k scru* of iccbrma) letters containing nut paint (urmulaiion- i Available >cparatcU i lead Technical Letter No. **---Red Lr:sri I'jinifor Galvanized Mrel. Kii'icH, Xlealhrrrrl or I rented New, Technical Letter No. I(b--L.J.V Formula .3-7, 4 Rrd I.c.id-\ Ik>d Vehicle Primer for lndutrtai and Murine Environment*. Technical Letter No. ll ----- Recommended 'urfarr Preparation of Steel for Red Lead Paint*. Technical Letter No. 12 --Painting Highway >trueiural Steel. PAINT GALVANIZED SURFACES f Whv galvanized surface should be painted, tne kind of prrtreatmeni that shouid be given, and ihe correct painting siaiems are ciiscus*ed. Reprinted from "Factory Management and Mainirnatice." kprii. 1956. LEAD IN MODERN INDUSTRY S I ..40 Ptotpaid \ fnllv illustrated, 23D page, cjoin b**md luk .Ir^rrihing all pha.c, m( the production and u*e of lead, lead alloys and lead compounds. LEND FLV-HINGW IN MODFRN CON^TRUCTIO\ Lead flashing* ** u*cd m an u11ramodern hou*e in Randolph, Vi. Reprinted (rnm `'National Roofer," October. J 05 . FEDERAL SPECIFICATION FOR P AIN'T: REDLEAD-BASE. RE ADY-MIXF.D TrP-R6a Cover* four type* of red-lead-base paint* including two fast drying formulations. Many intended applicaiions lifted. I'PON REQUEST. THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE cl. VO TO MAIL -LEAD" RECULARLY. FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED. AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS. PRtNTEfi W U. s. aIT ISAAC GOLDMAN.** COMPANY, INC- n *w tour an Li A26122