Document 0KYD0MK78qzMRrddmyeyZvDR

National }Jaint,iarntsij an tCarquer Asnrtattun OFFICERS PRESIDENT-JOSEPH F. BATTLEY. Waf- h .* VICE-PRESIDENT-WM C DABNEY. ,,C'_ 3 TREASURER-E A FOT. JR.. L >n C n n a t . EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO PRESIDENT GEORGE M PRIEST. JR .. Wa s *1 n S t d -s SECRETARY-T. S MOULTON, Wa s m .n GTOn GENERAL COUNSEL - M Q MACOONALD, Wa s h i n g t o n 1 50 0 R h o d e ; is l a n d a v e .n .w . Wa s h in g t o n 5. d .c . n9 - REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENTS N E W E N G u A N S - * LEU L ICC. POOV'OENCE t a S T E O n - s c - w . i ,*j 3 S m , 8 u f r ` . C >*wson, c- S O j - ' E a M - i C * * ! w k CLi. i . O a v C E i O i - T n A E S ' E " . S - = > M. L 1. . n O U S T C S a E S T e s s - s * - m j v ; t. CAfic*. . c s as : e . : s DIVISIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT Wh O . E S - . E - : 5 ' ^ : 0 j TC = 3 D .'S ) S - G C C G C C. G G T T E m j L - . t a . 9AL^ M O C OO AT THE START. CONSIDER THE FINISH IT ALWAYS COSTS MORE NOT TO PAINT June 50, 1949 Mr Mark V* Vestgate, Rational Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Assn., Inc., 1500 Rhode Island Avenue, H.V., Washington 5 , D. C. Dear M r . Vestgatet Your letter of June 17 > concerning the Maryland Toxic Finishes Lav, poses a problem vhloh Is difficult Indeed. You may veil vonder hov to Interpret a lav vhlch Is so phrased. I think I am reasonably familiar vith the conditions vhlch brought this lav Into existence. I may be mistaken, but I strongly suspect that the attention given to lead poisoning among children in your state and in the City of Baltimore has been responsible for this lav. Unfortunately, this lav, like many others, does not go straight to the point, but tries to cover the universe, thereby creating difficulties of interpretation and administration. As you are probably aware, there is no sound basis at the present time for the establishment of tolerances, on a percentage basis, in paints and finishes, or on any other basis. Actually one is not concerned here, in th9 'ffse of children, with the size of a single toxic dose of pigments or other substances in paints. Bather the problem relates to the dose of material taken over a period of days or weeks or perhaps months, which will induce ill ness . The physiologic background of this problem has been vorked out adequately only in the case of lead. It can properly be said that the dosage of lead taken in per day over a period of a few months must not exceed something of the order of magnitude of one milligram. In determining the extent of the risk, one has to consider both the size of the dose and the duration of time over vhlch it is taken. In the case of children one has also to consider a factor of susceptibility, and therefore the size of the dose indicated above has a rather large safety factor. I have been asked repeatedly to make a statement concerning the concentration of lead that might safely be used in paints used on furniture and on interior surfaces. So far as I know, there is no evidence that vould enable us to say hov much lead could be ingested by a child in chewing the paint from the surface of furniture and toys. For this reason I should be disposed to make sure that painted articles of this type have no more than traces of lead in their composition. It might be suspected that cadmium and mercury were in a similar situation. This is almost certainly true of mercury, while cadmium is definitely less toxic. So far as I know, the barium compounds used in paint are quite insoluble and do not present any problem. Iron Presents no problem at all. I have neither seen nor heard of any evidence of hazard from chromium in itself, but the lead salts of chromic or chromcir acid vould he expected to present somevhat the same problem as the other lead pigments, vith perhaps some reduction in the hazard because of the relative insolubility of these 3alts. 00557 * Mr. Mark . Vestgate - (2) - June 30, 1949 This la a rather difficult problem, Its solution vould require a very thorough study of the literature, vith a careful inter pretatlon of scattered and somewhat Irrelevant experimental data. In the final analysis it could only be solved by rather extensive experimentation. My statements above are the best I can give you vithout prolonged study, and I trust they may be of some help to you. I am very glad to forward to you certain reprints which may be helpful. If I can be of any further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to let me know. Very truly yours, Robert 1. K e h o e , X.' T57 RAK ef Reprints under separate cover. Certain relevant ar-ajvac.tecited . 00558 f. )' * National |atn,lnrntsl) an Marquer Aseuriation INCORPORATED OFFICERS PRESIDENT-JOSEPH F. BATTLET. Wa s h .n GTOn VICE-PRESIDENT* WM C-DABNEY. LCv i Sv l LC TREASURER-C A.FOT. JR..C>sC n n a t EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO PRESIDENT - GEORGE M PRIEST. JR .. Aa s . nGTOn SECRCTARY-T S MOULTON. * a s h -ngton GENERAL COUNSEL- M Q MA CDO NAL D. W a s h .n GTON 1 5 0 0 R H O D E IS L A N D AVE..N.W. W AS H IN G TO N 5. D.C. V 1I19 1 / j T?->9 REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENTS N E * ' E N G . A N w - W a e u f l L.,CC, PBOVtOENCC 8E * S : c s - p o y w. u n d s a t . i ; r r * i o C E S T S A l - J. HA R A Y L A W S O N . C h C A G O S O U "*-t*' N-NOMMAN w . d C L lO . BOANOAE S O U " W E S TE B N - HARRT m. KUm m . HOUSTON W E S T E O K - RAT M O N O T. C A B E r, '.O S A N G E L E S DIVISIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT w h o l e s a l e -o i s t o ia - j T o o s d i v i s i o n - G E O R O E D. G E T T E M u L l EB. S a l t i m O R E DE. R03ZR? A. ZEHOE Kettering Laboratory of Applied Physiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati 19, Ohio Bear Ur. Kehce Once again I write to yon for help, this tine in connection -with the new Maryland Toxic Finishes Law (E.B. 192, June 1, 19^-9) which states in part: "It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture, sell or offer to sell, any toy or plaything, including children's furniture, decorate! or covered with -saint cr any other mat erial containing lead or other substance of a poisonous nature, Irorucs^SjLjdJJi afclgh jglasiai unless such article shall contain a label affixed thereto stating in clear and unambiguous language that the said paint, or other :naterial contains lead or other substance of a poisonous nature." Cur industry i3 faced with the proper interpretation of this law, the crux of which nay lie in the underlined phrase. Unfortunately, no state administrative agency has been establish;! to which we can turn for state ments of policy or authentic information on tolerances. It se=r.s that each case will depend on the whim of a court or jury. Our intention is to locate, if possible, authoritative estimates ~ f z ingle- doso, ingestion tolerances for email children. The list of potentially toxic materials that may find their way into paint and related products is undoubtedly large, but as a beginning we *1/0X1 1 1 like to he able to suggest tolerances for bright colored pigments based on Ipad, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, aarctiry, bariua, iron (Prussian; blue and organic toners. We would also appreciate a reprint of your publication "Fxperiner.tal Studies on the Ingestion of Lead Coaocunds", and any other information tvat will help us to advise our anxious nenbers.