Document 0JvGZDO2R1Qovzj318jJEkMrb

m wpilWI.HlWIPii l.l)|Plll|Uf^iPPWIWWBWPJIliyHiMl|.^l^!WPWWPMPpWW>B|P>^IWWW^ LIA15721 LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. NCW VOMK tT.ltl L. I. Millar ravjhna* art gfmsJau. 80ks dBsmmoo OHH* raunot iscuiTior gncgiaa Or L*jjui<grrn<i png* nsK suaoi stxfbokt nu kit bs keabd tohxcbt........ cb ms at phzlbaboczc BALL* (Pig. 1). That nu ths bold claim Mdi by a Loud Industries Association --waninTt la the t* Toxic Times on tha opening day of Philharmonic Rail la lew Tortc'e aaw 1.1 nroln Cacxtar for tha Perforalr* Ax-ta. Zt appears that thla la one claim that will not ba rafutad for years to com. Za thla papar I wold like to review com experiences with railroad and "subway syaphonle#" that possibly serve as a background to thla L.ZJI. prooumcwant. 8caaocna haa told ua that alaca 1915 tha Saw fork Central lailxoad Qystaa haa suggested that all new buildings along Parle Avenue north of Grand Central Station ba laatallad oo lead-esbestoa pada for protection against vibration eaaasd by trala paaaagaa. Thus, as rapraaaatatlva nr7.lt>, tha Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, tha saw Union Carbide buildirg and portions of the am Pan-Aa building over Grand Cantral Station last 00 tbasa pada. And, as yoo probably know, these pads bare bean aaad order niawrous other buildings In thla country and abroad. Ji Por aavaral years our occgany, and I'm aura aany structural and aartwinaZ engineering firms, have been interested in actual data on tba vibration redaction provided by lead-asbestos pads, but it we: not until February, 1959, that wa ware * givao tha opportunity to measure an installation. Working for tha architectural 1 firm of Z.K. Pei and Associates, we measured tha railroad-induced vibration levels in Montreal's Queen Elisabeth Hotel (nounted on lead-aabestoa pads) and ea^ered these with vibration lerala in a noa-ieolated 3-floor 50 ft. high concrete struc ture, tha Dorchester Street Bridge, in front of tha Quean Elisabeth Hotel. As eeaa in Figure 2, both of these structures are located directly over a large array of depressed tracks of tha Central Station of tha Canadian Rational Hailwaya, and it wee possible to measure vibration simultaneously in side-by-side isolated and un ladeted building ooltana (such as at Points "A" and "B* in Pig. 2) for trala paaaagaa ranging as dose as 17 ft. and as far as 220 ft. from tha eolwna. (In cidentally, each single dashed lias shorn in figure 2 actually represents two rails in tha track bad.) Tha tape recording you are about to bear la tha amplified signal froai a vibration pick-up mounted on one of tbasa oolumaa during a trala passage oo A hearty track (ZAPS fflCOQXHQ). Presented at tha 35th annual meeting of tha Lead Industries Association, Inc,, Drake Hotel, Chicago, Zll., April 29-May 1, 1963 : N 3564 m mmj&m LIA15722 m L. I. Killer 8cm Observations ef the ------------- ----------Vibration Isolation Kffeotlvaea of Leed-Aabestoe Fad* Khan a eola*n or a baa or a oonerota alab or a wall of a building vibrates la thl 07, It radlataa wound that eaa ba heard; or If It vibrataa with sufficient intensity, it produces vibration that can ba fait. Zt la inportent to raaliaa that we can baar tha radiated wound of a vibrating structure at lowar lntaoaitiaa of vibration than we can feel. It la alao important to raaliaa that for aartb-boraa and atructura-borna vibration, tha low frequency vibration ia transmitted quite wall, but higher frequency vibration ia sera easily abaorbad within tha atruetura and ia not ao wall tranoittsd. Thua, railroad* and subway* typically produce rd>ling aounda whan haard inalda naarby buildings that ara connected bjr structural paths to tha railroad or subway tracks. Ke would Ilka to Ulustrata this point on tha frequency content of tha vibration or tha radiatsd sound b7 replaying tha last taps raoordlcg, but liatanlig 00I7 to oartain "filtered" parts of tha total signal. Tha original raoording that wa hara alraadj haard eoctainad tha full audio frequency rang* of tha --fra a low frequency of about 20 CTdaa par aacond (cps) up to a high frsquanc7 of about 10,000 cps. For tha "filtered* signal, wa will first baar only tha 20-7$ cps por tion, than tha 75-150 cps portion, than tha 150-300 cps, 300-600, 600-1200 and 1200-2400 cps portions. In west practical situations, tha vibration energy con tained in tbs least 3 or 1 of those frequency bands ia usually of nest ooncarc] tha higher frequencies ara absorbed or dissipated before th*y travel vary largo distancaa. Tba aounda that we hear nay ba represented graphically by tha vibration lsval traces shown in Figure 3 (ZAPS HBOORDPP). Vibration data nay alao ba plotted as aboa in Figure 4 to show tba general distribution of vibration lavals a* a function of tba frequency bands that wa have Just haard. Each point in this plot represents tha average vibration level In a given frequency band for a particular train paaaaga. In this graph, tha vibration was recorded fra an unieclatad pick-up point at Position *C" on Figure 2. That point was selected because wa wanted to learn soothing about tba ribration pro duced by trains passing over switch Joints. The rerulting levels are several de cibel* higher than for conventional track section* without switches. In addition, because of the presence of curved track in this array, bom "wheel aqueals* ware alao recorded and are shown in Figure 4. Following this brief introduction to the basis characteristic* of railroad vibration a* it aenifert* ltaalf in buildings, let ua return to the discussion of lsed-asbestos pad*. Figure 5 ahowa ecbaatlcally a vertical section through the Queen Elisabeth Hotel and tha Dorchester Street Bridge. Tba isolated and unlaolatad colon* used for vibration neasuraeots ara alao shown. Ba actual detail of tha isolation Joint of tba betel colons is such asre cot^lez than indicated in this sketch, because all tba underground portion of tha oolua base mist alao ba pro tected against earth-borne pickup. In Figure 6 we plot the difference between the vibration lewis in the bridge and in tba hotel oolucns for the low frequency band 20-75 cps. These levels ware raoordad for colon positions Just a few feet above track elevation. Rote that this plot includes a train passage for each point on tha graph, and that trains were recorded for aavarml different distances fra the pick-up locations, Ihe dif ference value* shown in Figure 6 are an indication of tha isolation effectiveness of tha laad-esbestoa Joints, although these values probably alao Include acM af fects of other differences, such as geooetry and structure, between tha two build ings. Scaaswbat siaUar plots ware obtained for other frequency bands, but wa will (yjgWfupw-wiwusa in.wwm wws .% wmseaan^Kisa i. s ay ii.ui-wp^^jgppipMaBapBi " *--*'-**-***'* if l-jj. .f ..... I,a'-|il TlTWI^ -' -- - if I <Btit U I. Millar Seas Obsarraticcs of tha. >3- Vibration laolatlon Effectiveness of Lead-Aabestos Fads net go into the details of those plot* boro. An interesting affect rimo by tbo data of Figure 6 1 that the isolation joint mci to bo aoro effectlr* for tbo larger horlaootal distances than for tho acgrtar distances between tbo train troek and tho eoluan inrolred. This It t rothor cocqilsx phancaanon and It aay bo re lated in eoee nmj to tho relatlre ancunt* el rertical to boriionttl vibration la tbo oorth at increasing distances froa tbt track and tbo relative Isolation capa bility of tbo lead-asbestos pada for vertical and borlaoctal oceanauts of vibration. Qq a floor position ooe floor abort tbo tracks (at titration 92 ft. In Figaro 5), tbo Figaro 7 data vrro obtainad. This plot probably roproaonto a aoro roaliotic picture of tba affact of coltsan leolatioe because tbo aoaauroooet poaitioea include a aoro composite eolloctioa of eeswnl poaaiblo borlaoctal and rortieal paths between tba train tracks and tba Boeeuraosnt poaitioea. Haro it is soon that In tba frequency bands of 20 to 300 cps, tb* rihratiac lsrals in tbs isolated stnetur# sro aboat 5 to 12 Ub lover than in tbo vnlanlatofl structure. Based on this and oaaa other supportljg data frea tba Moctraal toots, w bars tantatlroly aaaignort about 8 db as tba average value of low frequency isolation that was achierad by tba 1 inch thick 3 sort nsheirtoa pads nssd unriar tba Qjeen Elisabeth Hotel. Tbs typical construction of a 1 inch thick lead-asbestos pad is as above la tba section of Figure 8. Two 3/6 inch thlckneweea of asbestos, separated by a stool stiffener eheet, are contained within a 1/S inch thick lsad jacket, which is sealed closed while tho entire aeeasbly is held taper a pressure of about 200 pal. Tba area of tha pod can bo Bade to fit tbo ooltcr base requirsoects, although for rery large bases, aereral pads say b# laid aide cy aids to asks up tba total area. In typical Installations tha surfacs loading cc tba lead-eabestos pads falls in tbs range of about 500 to 1000 pai. For a pressure of about 1000 pal, tha pad com presses about 1/8 inch froa tha original 'wi 1 loch thickness. In tha casa of tha Quean Elisabeth Hotel, "adllboard asbestoe* was used. Tbo abort fiber asbestos used in Billboard requires tba addition of binders to bold tba fibers together into the net form and this results in an asbestos aaterial that la only 882 asbestos content by weight. The laager fiber "roll firs felt" More nearly holds Itself together without binders and thus is 99$ asbestos content by weight. Since the asbestos fibers are the principal resilient element in the pad, m be llera it is worth the snail extra cost to use "roll fire fait asbestos". Before leering tha Montreal scans, wa wish to aaotioo that certain portions of the Crudfona Building, now known as the Bryal Bank of Canada Building, and other analler buildings in tba ease Place Tills Baris Development* (all located over or nearly orer the array of tracks of Figure 2 between the Tunnel Entrance and tba Dorchester Street Bridge) were Installed on leed-aabeetoa pads and tba remilte bare A project of Webb and Knapp (Canada) Ltd. Architects! 1. M. Fed and Associates Associate Architects! Affleck, Deebereta, Dtaakopoulos, tebeceold. Klchaud and Siaa Structural Engineers i Brett Ouellette HIsuer Associates Structural Engineering Consultants! Sererud-Klstad-Krueger Associates ----- . *...----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -a- L. I. Millar Sobs Observations of th* .. Vibration Isolation Effectiveness of L**d-A*b*#to* fads b*ee v**y gratifying. (for a 4>ort tlm* a fm weeks ago, daring th* esrly mnrrdng eamitlng period, X was in cm of th* new building* two floor l*r*la directly above th* two tracks that oaa* out of th* tunnel entrance, and X waa not abla to boor or f*l ary train passages, although admittedly X waa In a fairly nolojr oorrldor for th*** observation*. Sm architect* oorroborat* th*** finding*.) lot us now return to th* "aubwaj syiyhony" at Canter'* Rdlharmsnlo Ball*. lb* next tap* recording la th* Bound of a *ubway passag* as beard inaid* th* subway turoel eboie in th* cut-*ay **ctloo of Figure 9. fit* n*ar**t track la this turoel la about 56 ft. fra th* corner of Philharmonic Ball and about 150 ft. fraa th* n*ar**t lasld* Mating *r*a of th* Hall. Xbsr* are four track* la tb* tunaal: two local* and two og>r****a. Cm local atop la just off th* bottom of th* figure, *o oo* local 1* slowing dom and th* other local la speeding up during th* passag* baald* Philharnoclo Hall, whll* th* express** pass through at noraal speed. A train passes by on each track about erary 4 or 5 minutes durli^ evening operation (TAPS BXOOBDPP). On* of th* design req-olreoaut* et early In th* history of th* new Rdlharmools Ball was: *Tb*r* must b* no subway noise Inside th* Ball!* This ha* *rrad as a guiding principle in the design of tbs structure of tb* building. Cm bade design feature* Incorporated Into th* building to control earth-born* and strucVu-e bora* subway noise and vibration have Included (1) th* us* of lead-asbestos vibration Isolation pads under all ooIiebm of th* building, (2) tb* insertion of a vibration Isolation joist in many of th* exterior and Interior wall* and partition* at or near th* basaeast leral, and (3) the us* of a "resilient* lining, consisting of glass fiber pals and washed, graded crushed stoa* arorod all underground exterior walls on tbs north and east aid** of tb* building facing th* subway. Excavation work at tb* alt* of Mlharnoole Hall tns started In 1959, and by October 1961 th* basic conerots structure of th* building was essentially cosgfleted. At that tine a *wy vibration aaasuracBr.t program waa carried out at the building to drUrtda* th* affect!ranee* of th* vibration isolation design*. At tb* tla* these Masuraant* were nade, th* exterior glass walls of th* building, many of th* Interior partitions of th* buildings, and th* doors of the sain hall were not In stalled. Crus, it was cot possible to achieve a sufficiently low background nolM lerel inside th* hall to rren expect to hear subway noise. However, with the um of eery sens!tire vibration weesureect *qulpa*nt, it waa possible to detect subway passages that would normally not b heard by *ar, seen In a eery quiet emrlrormsnt. Knowing the amount of th* structural vibration. It was possible to calculet* ap proximately tb* Mount of noise that would b* radiated by that vibrating structure. V* were also able to cc^mt* tb* nois* and vibration level* with lsvals that had been previously measured in thla sens location befor* Lincoln Cntr waa even started, and other ecep*ri*on could b* mad* with lsvals measured In Cemagl* Ball which was kiMto to be bothered by subway noise. A project of Lincoln Center for th* Performing Art*, Xn*. Architect#l Harrison and Abr--ovltl Structural 1frg1n**r*i Amann and Mhitnay _______________________ I u. U*g_.UIMmVWWpwe***WWSgpm -^bss&Hsuat 1WP^P8I!WW^P^^ l|^<11 111 ''*'' Wt'"wwW|p^MPipwp|WiiP^ >^irt'*"irn-'-i"'-mfcii1 r [iiiinruiUTii'riifii 'iffawi1 rriii^ff Jr .... a lIA15725 i. I. Mllsr 8cm Observations of tbs ...... -J- Vibration Isolation Effectiveness of Lad-Asbestoe Pads A large nudb-er of neascrnawt positions were located within the dottod region of tho building, ranging in elevation frcn tho basacent (which is ot about tho elevation of tho subway tracks) up to on elevation one floor above tho orchaotra floor seating area. Tho orchaotra floor ia about 35 ft. abovo subway track eleva^ tioo. More than 150 subway passages wore recorded] aost of theee ware rooordod simultaneously at two or thxea different positions. Figure 10 oonroo as a oaapla to shew tho locations and tho vibration levels la tho 75-150 epa frequency band for 15 of the noaourooont positions ia the building proper but outside the euditorlua area. Koto that for aost positions, two direction al components of vibration are abown. The nuabsre shown in the circles are the settan values obtained froa several subway passages. For those taste the vibration levels are given in decibels above 10~ g acceleration. We will net go into detail on the Interpretation of these levels at this tine. figure 11 sorree as a senile to show the locations and tho vibration levels la tho 75-150 cps frequency bend for 5 Beasureoent positions inside or near the wain hall. Position 17 was In the stags area, Pdaition 18 vne at a poured concrete wall near the edge of the aaln hall (this wall ia oncloeod by aaothar interior wall in tho ccnploted ball}, and Position 19 was in tho forward part of tho orchestra floor seating area, repres it stive of those easts nearest the svtamy. The aoeeurod subway vibration levels at Position 19 in the seating area nearest the subway are plotted as a function of frequency in tha lower shaded area of Plgura 12. These levels are seen to bo about 10 db below tho "vibration criterion* levels that were set for the hall. This aaens that subway passages cannot be heard inside the aaln hell even during the quietest background then the orchestra nay be pre paring for recording cessions. Even though these measureenta were made nearly a year before Philharmonic Hall was opened, the data gave the assurance that the vibration levels were satisfactorily low. We believe no one has hoard a subway passage inside the auditorium area since its cccpletioo. Also shows on rigure 12 la a plot of scot earlier vibration levels obtained in Cemogio Ball for nearby Seventh Avenue subway passages. Those tetro definitely s* tbt hlllo One other significant cceqiarieon is shown in Figure 13. Xn 1958 an establish ment known aa Harvey's Bar occupied the comer of the present aits of Philharmooie Ball, naar the eubtnya. In Figure 13 the upper shaded area gives the vibration levels measured at a wall and a floor position in tho baseaent of Harvey's Bar aboafc 53 ft. frca the nearest subway tracks. Tho lower shaded area gives tha range of vibration levels eeaaured at four positions in the basactsnt of Mlhamonic Ball not more than about 6 to 10 ft. free the original measuranents in Harvey's Bar. On the average, the vibration levels in the besecsd positions of Philharmonic Hall range about 15 to 30 db lower than those for the elaller location in Harvey's Bar. The distance to the subway tracks is essentially tha sene for both groups of read ings, so we believe the large laprovwaeat can be attributed to the now construction. We do not know how such of this difference night be due to the sore nsealvo con struction of Philharmonic Hall, but wo believe that tho oolun isolation joints, tho wall isolation joints, and tha "reslUast* lining of tha exterior underground walls all share a large part in achieving the lower vibration levels. V ill '* LI A15?26 aiiMtriMan in rn* liMiBafcMMBteiiniitii miTiii m " itriiaa*ihM<iiiaharti^fiaHa^^ L> I. KUr 6cm Observation* f the ----------Vibration Isolation Kffactlvsoaoo of Iead-Aabeeto# Pads Thla report gives only a vary brief sinnary of tha data obtained la tMa Hrumcit proem, but tha rarolta do lrdieata a significant reduction la tdnaj oolaa and rlbratlon capered to that Mould hara boon ejected for oonvsntlonal construction. > Pros tboao rasulta wa baa* tentatively aaaienad a vain# of about 10 to 15 A for tha low frequency rlbratlon reduction achlarad with tha uao of load aabestoo pada and tha raoalndar of tha laolatlon design. Va wish to Motion, however, that tha thicknea* of tha pada naod at Philharmonic Rail la 3 inch* for a grocp of 00.1aaa naaraat tha aubway and tapara off In approxlnataly 1/4 Inch atapa aaeh 30 ft. further removed fra* tha aubway. In addition, w arnphaalaa that tha antlro hull dine waa carafully designed and courtructad to aaaura that no rigid connections I would bride* tha laolatlon Joints and abort circuit tha affsctlraaasa of tha pada. In ordar to achiara tha full capability of lead-aabeatos pads, or of any laolatlon notarial. It la always nacaaaary that earsful attantion ba (Iran to thaaa datalla, both In tha daalen and In tha execution of tha design. In rarlawlne tha Montraal and tha T.inmin Center work, wa hara Mntinnad nolaa rsductlon raluaa of 8, 10 and 15 db. What do thaaa raloas Man to oa In actual raal-Ufe situations? Zn tha next taps racordine wa will 11atan to tha structure borna rlbratlon b! gnal of a typical train paasaea. Zn tha adddla of tha first train passaea wa will introduca a 3 db signal reduction for a few seconds ao that wa oan (at a personal fealine for the naerltuda of a 3 db chare*. w* will than replay tbs Sana train passa(a and introduca a 10 db signal rsductlon; and In tha final replay wa will Introduca a 20 db alcnal rsductlon (TAPI REOORPPO). Wo eight suonriM those eiywei chare** a* follows: 1. Tbs 3 db chan(* waa Just noticeable but was not l*rg* aoou(h that ws would 4 ba iapraased by tha chan(*. If wa had a aarlous nclsa or ribration prcblae, a 3 db reduction probably would not ba enough to oolra tha prohlao. 2. Tha 10 db change mi a aigrlficairt reduction and would represent a notloo able ir^rovaoent In the lntrudlne nolaa that night ba heard In an office, restaurant, hotel, hospital, apartnent or retail shop. This iiqirriTSMrt la worth achieving. It could cake an intolerable situation tolerable or a tolerabla situation acceptable. Zn a typical good Installation of laadaabastoa pada, this amount of nolaa reduction can ba achlarad. Another way of Judging tha effectiveness of such an installation la Illustrated fay tha fact that railroad or subway nolaa heard, for axaapla, on tha saoend floor of an Isolated building would probably be heard all tha way tg> to tb* fourth or fifth floor of an unleolatad building. 3. Tha 20 db change was a dranatic change and would usually ba sufficient to i eliminate a Most aarlous nolaa or vibration problem. Wa caution that a conventional installation of lead-aabasto* pads alone probably will not achieve this aaount of laprovMaent, although it aright be possible to attain this with vary special vibration Isolation designs Involving lasd-aahastoa pada plus other Isolation traetMOta. 4 <Wada up of stacks of thinner pad* with a auriiwia thickness of 1 1/2 la. tor any om pad. . ................................'-...... ........... .--'..j.--fa*- imWPUJI- 1JI!I!IWJ.4 ,:l|lili|PJWP"^WPipiiffWii^PW i ' * In . MUlar ^p^lipnppRnM LIA15727 laiHtflMTIi^r-Ittriiimfaii ieart.n - - torn aiimUww f 4k ----------- --------7- Vibration Isolation XffwtlwaiM of ]Md4ibHto( Pad* Cm other najor caution that we wish to nention la that tha information glran bar* represents but two buildInga of bundrada that have bean ao laclatad. We faal that wa must continue to ba conservative In our clalaa and eestlcua la our daalgna Involving laad-aabaatoa pada until wa Kara nora data on acre actual flald installa tions. Hanoe, wa urga a conaarvatlva uaa of tha data that wa hava pi sailed hara. la bringing thla rarlaw to a cloaa wa will baar naoct a taps rending that waa obtained in a vary nice raetauract in Kew fork City located directly above a aubway line (TAPE RECORDING). And now wa will hear a eubway paaaaga aa recorded la our own office at Id Park Avenue in Kew fork City, Wil<ih I satinets to ba about 60 ft* above tha aubway track (TAPS EZCCeDDC). Proa thaaa raoordings I baliava wa can realise that aegr major city having rail roada, eubway*, eleratede and exprearway* and feeling tha pinch of crowding build ing! cloaer and eloaer together probably haa need for protective aeaeurea agalnat the intrurlon of noiae and vibration caused by our varloua tranaporticn aystaaa. We hava evidanca that lead aabaatoa pada can play an important role In thia pro- *iha-Y*-.... -- ....... .......--- ^ MimBSaaBBalK the work of tha aeouetlea ccnaultast in tha railroad and aubway vibration aepecta of tha two major projects daacribed in thia paper eonaiated of evaluating tha intensity of tha noiae and vibration prohli and setting certain basic guideline* for the protection of the critical parta of buildinga against the intrusion of tha noise and vibration, tha real work of developing tha designs and incorporating tha* into tha building structure* haa bean the job of tha architects and tha stroe tural engineer*, there are nany individuals 1o share in that work, but Z want to especially recognise those with Ion Z worked for Z know they had difficult and Im portant roles in the desigrj of the buildings. For the Cruciform Buildirg in Mont real, thia Includes Henry Cobb and Don Goroan of I.H. Pal and Associates, John Brett and Roger Kicolet of Brett Ouellette Bleuer Associates and Fred Severud of SeverudUatad-Crueger Associates. For Philharmonic Kail, Dan Sella of Harrison and Abmnovits and Tyge Haraanaen of Aatan and Whitney ware inatmantal in working out tha actual isolation designs, and Joe Tllney of Harrison and Abnorite and A.J. Allio of Fuller-Turoar-iialab-Slattery gave tbs aaaantial care and supervision at tha job site that produced tha auccaaaful result#. hstpt norag 1. Taken from Lead Industries Association advartiaaneot in special t-4ww>1n Canter Section of Kew fork Tinea, Septanber 23, 1962. 2. Approximate relationship of Queen Elisabeth Hotel, Dorchester Street Bridge and Crueifona Building to tha dapraaaed track yard of the CKR Central Sta tion in Montreal. 3. Typical reoordar traces of vibration lewis in various frequency bands pro duced In a building ooltaoa when a train passes by at low aprad on a nearby track. ji'vi "fwuMtUS'.Iiwe.- seisugnfuunt*m.<mw J . ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------- ^ .- .--- ..... .. ._ _ .... -- wp BSP HMHUiPP LIA15728 % L. I. KUIar *' I ml I i*nlMatofflvnrtadiiMlfcirim4Vrt^ Sent Observations ef the - -------- ------Vibration Isolation Kfwtiwnm of Laed-Jlabsstoa Pods 4. tjrplosl rsnfs of vibration lavals naasurad at misdated Mbt "C* of figure 2 for train pmm|n over nearby switches and currad rail*, 5. Schematic vertical section of bridge and hotal structures locations of oolinns usad in vibration naesursMnts. relative 6. Measured difference In vibration Ivrala between hotal and bridge oolntn at 20-75 ep* for various distancas to train trades. Tlbratioo in laolatad hotal ooTvan is lower than in misdated bridfa nuliasi 7. Naasurad dlffaranoa In vibration lavals between hotal and bridfa stnactwas ona floor above tracks for typical track activity bale* and to tha adds. Vibration lavals in hotal always Imer than In bridfa structure for tha sene train passage. 8. Saction of typical 1 Inch thick leari-aabeetoe pad. 9. Ippradnata location of Pbllhanaonio Hall in relation to subway trades in tunnel under Broadway. 10. Saction throufh Mlhanaonie Hall appradaately elor^ ifcHifMty t.<m 12 (see Pif. 9), showing vibration neesuranent poaitiona and general location of isolation joints, Circled nunbars ara nsdlan aubwsy-lsduoad vibration levels, in db rs ID" f acealaration in 75-150 cps frequency band, for torisental or vartical ocapanants. 11. Msssuiunt Positions 17, 18 and 19 lnsids and nearby Positions 14 and lb just cutsids tbs sain hall. 12. Caaparisoo of naasurad vibration lavals at orchestra eaatli* Position 19 with criterion lavals and Carnagle Hall lavals. 13- Cooper!son of naasurad vibration lavals at spprovinstely tbs sent location in 1958 and 1961. LOO Of TAPS l SB 1. Vibration record of train passafe (overall). 2. Vibration record of train passage. Overall, 20-75, 75-150, 150-300, 300^00, 600-1200, 1200-2400 cpa. 3. tabway passage as heard in 65th Street Station at Fhllhemoeie ail, 4. Train passage with 3 db, 10 db, 20 db signal chanfes. 5. Subways as heard by structural paths In Stouffar's restaurant. i. tabway aa heard by structural paths in BBC-Haw Yoric offloa, B0 ft. abova trade. . lauya- 'wiiei.'--JutFapj^j jiutaa ,aNdtoPSiMill -*>***---------.. 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