Document 0JQyJpy44jewz8k3R3YD6dLJb

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT ' V. v'.rj ,l .V-V.'.-, `^INDUSTRIAL '>''5231 CENTRE AVENUE Vtfv - :**;> : ^ ~ -- ^^*1-:.'. .-4 '-.'" -'"A:V.": 1.-."'Vi 'v.". HEALTH FOUNDATION, INf, v v^-> ' PITTSBURGH, PA. I5M2*"... --Vv -' . industrial hygiene features ' Histamine Induction and Release Following Proteoiycc Enzyme Exposure -- Profile of a Low Back Derelict " Osteoporosis: Evaluation of Diagnosis and Therapy -- Buraa From Car Heaters -- Background Information on Chloroprene -- Hobbyists Working With Lead -- Heat Stress Limits for the Sedentary Worker -- Reducing Medical Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Would New Federal Workmen's Comp Standards Bring a Flood of Occupational Disease Claims? -- Determination of z-<3uartx in Atmospheric Dust: A Comparison Between Infrared Spectrometry and X-Ray Diffraction Techniques TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issus Contains Abstract Numbers 677/73*819/73 Abst. Abst. Abst. Abst. Abst. Abst. Abst. Abat. Abst. Abst. ?n ?* 72S7 733, '5 738/75 749, 73 760/ 73 -81. *3 789, 73 806, 73 818, 73 News Items...........................................................................................................................................................1 Coming Events......................................................................................................................................................7 Legal Developments .............................................................................................................................................7 Books and Pamphlsts......................................................................................................................................... 11 Industrial Medicine...........................................................................................................................................13 Sion Diseases and Burns........................................................................... 20 Chemical Hazards.............................................................................................................................................. 21 Industrial Dusts and Inhalants.........................................................................................................................28 Physical Hazards.............................................................................................................................................. 31 Radiation............................................................................................................................................................ 33 Environmental Problems................................................................................................................................... 33 Prevennve Engineering................................................................................................................................... 33 Occupational Health Management..................................................................................................................... 36 Safety and Accident Prevention....................................................................................................................... 37 Analytical Methods. Miscellaneous..................................................................................................................38 Index.................................................................................................................................................................. 41 Addresses of Journals Abssacted....................................................................................................................43 IHF STAFT President Daniel C. Braun. M.D. Director of Membership Services Michael Brian. M.S. Director of Offlce Services Sally Jo Cariyale Director Safety and Training George H. Reilly. A.B. Director of Information Services Jane F. Brtaiin, M.L.S. Research Technician Guy E. Dent Director Toxicology Research Jin Tuma. D. Sc. Director Pathology Research Paul Gross. M .0. Industrial Hygiene Engmeer/Health Physicist H. Wilbur Speicher. M.S. Technical Administrator Marianne Kaschak. B.S. Research Chemist Mary Ann Bahyak. B -S. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST, published monthly by the Industrial Health Foundahon. Inc.. 3231 Centre Avenue. Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania 13232. Subscription pnce is >30.00 per year to non-mambers. Mem bership in IHF entities member companies to a prescribed number of complimentary copies: additional subscriptions may be purchased for *23.00 per year. Single copies wnen available may be purchased from IHF at 13.00 a copy for members. *4.30 a copy tor non-meaoera. (ISSN 0019 - 8382) Industrial Health Foundation assumes no responsibility tor statements in articles abstracted in this Digest or tor material from other organizations which may be sent to members from time to time. The Digest's condensaaon of erodes as well as literature not originating within the Foundation, are made available to our members solely for their information. ni 133_ ,,2n38n 3h June 1973 Volume 39 Numosr6 , INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News \ laduaonai Health Foundston 3231 Centre Avenue ! Pittsburgh, PenneyIvani : _ i' 1 NEWS ITEMS 1 ' ! 677/75 Toxic Suhatasees: Ketones--Preoossd Standards for 2-Butane. 2-Pentanonc. Cvclohexancne. Hexone. Methvl n-Amvl Ketone. Sihvl Butvl Ketone . : 97S/TS Aa tba first phase of tbs Standards Completion Pro)sex. tbs Occupational Salary and Health Admiautrauoa (OSHA) propoasa to aoisnd Part 1910 of Titls 29 Cods of Federal Regulations by das addinon of provtatoaa for six kstoass: 2-butanona, 2-pentanona. cyclohexanone. hsxoos. methyl n-amyl ks* tons and ethyl butyl ketone. Tbs prepossd standards. if adopted. will establish requirements :or measurement of employee exposure, medical surveillance, methods of ooapUaaca. handling and use of liquid forma of tbs aubstancs. sapioyss training, recordkeeping, and sanitation and housekeeping. among otbsr things. In addition, tbs proposals ara dssignsd to enable employers bsttsr under- ; stand and comply with sssong OSHA safetyand bsaitb standards that rsiata to tbs abovs listsd substances. For example.tbe proposed standards attsapt to ooapiis is a sagls piaca. by tbs uss of cross rafsrsnesa. raquiraaanta. appearing sisswbsrs is Part 1910 which art liksiy to bs of parocu lar importaaea whsrs any of tbs abovs listsd katanas.ara present or are used is tbs workplace. To dstsrmins tbs classes and groups of aatsriais found in a par-ocular workplace. tbs employer must evaluate tbs explosion characteristics of tbs materials. Soas of tbs properties that must be determined include: maximum explosion pressure: maximum safe clearance between parts of a damped joint in an enclosure; and tbs minimum ignition temperature of tho atmospheric mixture. Determination of thee properties would bo difficult for tho average employer. Tbs proposed standards will aid tba employer is complying with I 1910.309 by supplying tbs proper classifica tion of each substance is the text of the standards. --Fadaral Hagtatar 40: 20202-20230. May 0. 1979 Chemical Firms Launch Toxicology Institute. Primed with a first-year budgat of $306,000 and li "big" chemical company sponsors under writing as ambitious five-year $12 million program. tba Chemical Industry Inastuts of Toxicology formally got off tbs ground last Monday in Washington. D.C. Tbs issotuts, aimed at gessrsnsg. assessing, and diaaamiaabsg health and safety data (particularly relating to long-term exposure) os commodity chemicals, so for has no permanent addrtss, nor has it any amployees. But that wifi change. The iaatuuta ia scheduled to begin operason by summer. The search for a profes sional staff, including a full-time president, director of research, and a handful of other profes sionals. is "now in progross. " And by tbs end of thieyear. it intends to start lotting contracts for studies of tbs first five chemicals. Data and conelusions from mantuts programs "will ba mads public promptly." Per tbs dma being, the inaatuta is being run.by an intsrim officialdom. Its utana board of directors consists of officials of tba 11 founding companies (Air Products a Chemicals, AUisd Chsmicai. Diamond Sbamroek. Dow Cbsmical. Du Pont. Eastman Kodak. Exxon Chemical. Monsanto, Shall Cbsmical. Stauffer Chemical. Union Csrbida). And the interim chair man of tba beard is Dr. M. . Pruitt, vies president and director of R a D at Dow. Membership is open to domestic and international companies that produce or use chemicals. Last weak an assemblage of upper-level federal bureaucrats--ail of whom praised creation of the inaatuta--was bnsfod on its initial plans and workings. Tbs inantuts'a initial thrust, they ware fold, is tt "look at the building blocks of tba cbsmical industry." Priority ranking as to which ebemicals to snidy first anil bs baaed on a chemical'a physical volume, physical and chemical properties, estimated buoua exposure, toxicological suspicion anti opinion, public intareat. and significance to society. Initial plains call for the operating budget to grow to $1.93 million in 1970. and $9.10 million in 1979. initial thinking baa tba effort platsauing at tba 1979 laval, but that might change: Mora members msso a bigger budget. A decision on whether to build rosearch foctiiaee hss been postponed until July 1978. Without physical facilities, staffing in 1979 won't be much differeat from the modest level of "several" professionals planned tor tba sod of 1971. If facili- aaa ara built, the inaatuta would have s staff of about 100 with more than 70 professionals by 1970. --Chemical i Engineering News 33: 4-S. May 3, 1173 1 01 133 23s5 Ineugtr' Hygiene _______________________________ . i.-.e . 582/75 683/75 684/75 685/75 Draft Tec.mical Standards for Another 15 Substances Now Available The Occupational Safety and Heaitn Administration announces the availability of units z: tne iscnnicai content of proposed standards :cr another 15 suostances. sesigr.atec Set . ..-.cer the joint OSHA/ NlCSH Standards Completion Project. The following ust of suostances for drafts have oeen prepared brings the totai to 49; Hydroquinone. n-Amyi Acetate. iscas-.y. Alcohol, sec-Sutyl Alconol. Isooutyl Alcohol. :ert-3utyi Aiconol. Isopropyl Acetate. Sutv. Alcohol. Isopropyl Alcohol. Cydehexanol. Methyl Alconol. Diacetone Alconol. Methyl Isooutyi Carbtnol. Ethyl Acetate, and Propyl Alcohol. QSKA plans to prepare standards for these sue* stances in the near future, at which time a formal comment penoc will be provtaec :':r :.-.e pro posals. However, interested persons are now invited (without a deadline for succession to suomit written data, views, and arguments on the draft technical standards to me Cccxet Dfficer. Standards Completion Project. OSHA. L'.S. Department af Labor. Docket .4104. Room 150. 1728 M Street. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210. Copies of the draft technical standards an me above Listed substances are available for inspection or purenase. at a standard copying fee. a: the naaonai. regional, and area offices of OSHA. ana at the national and regional offices c: me National Institute for Occupanonal Safety and Health. -- AO.MA Report. p. :. 1975 Legislation to Transfer Railroad Safety and Health . Legislation to trsnafer railroad safety and health activities of Federal government from Depart ment of Transportation to Deparnsent of Labor and Occupational Safety and Health Review Com mission wss introduced May 14 by Sens. Harnson Williams (D.-N.J.) and Jacob Javita iR.-N V . Under S.1743, DOT would retain only certain advisory and researen functions. DOL would taxe all responsibility for establishing and enforcing job and paseenger safety and health standards, while an expanded OSHRC would adjudicate atauoas and proposed penalties. Secretary of Laoor would be authorized to issue a cease-and-desist order wnere emergency nszara involving rail way employees exists. A Federal Railroad Safety and Health Administration would be created. --Job Safety t Health Report 5: 93. May 19. 1975 Protest Spreads in California. The stnkt called May 1 by Northern California anesthesiologists to protest rising medical liaoi-ity insurance rates hss begun spreading to other parts of the atate and to other medical specialists Some 70 anesthesiologists in Sants Clara County. 80 m Sacramento, and 12 in .Monterey cave promised to walk off the job ut the next few days, said Norman R. Catron, executive director of the California Society of Anesthesiologists. la addinon. he said that surgeons, internists and othsr physicians throughout the state are closing down pracaces as tha state's professional liability rates continue to climb, with no relief m sight. In addition to rate increases this month of up to 375% for Northern California physicians under Argonaut Insurance. Travelers Insurance Co.. which insures some 17,000 physicians, announced that it may have to raise its rates 400 to 600% beginning Nov. 1. Soma 1.000 physicians--most of them anesthesiologists--who mareneo :o Sacramento May 6 demanding action from the governor and the legislature, received a disappoint ing response. No action was promised on requests for immediate freeze on rates or for a special session of the Legislature to examine the cnaia. Physicians were told their problems would probably take months to solve. "I personally recommend you go back to work," assembly speaker Leo McCarthy told them. Although numerous bills on professional liability have been introduced in the California legislature this year, only three have received approval from both houses. And all three deal with nek pooling to guarantee availability of earners rather than with the issue of major concern--oost. --American Medical News 18_: 1.11. May 19. 1975 Modifying Mining Machine Operations May Reduce Respirable Dust . Testa by the Interior Depamnent's Bureau of Minas suggest that tha raspirabla coal dust generated by continuous mining machines in underground mines can be reduced by controlling how fast tnd how deepiy they cut into the coal. according to a new Bureau report. The experiments used the Bureau's "nucrominer"--s 14.000 pound "baby brother" to tbe huge underground mining machines that daw their way through solid coal seams. The big machines account for more than 50 percent of the nation's underground cosl output, but their use has moreased tha respir able duet concentration in mines. Breathing dust is. of course, related to pneumoconiosis. According to tha report, the rotational speed of the cutting bead on the experimental machine, and tha distance it advances into tbe coal seam appear to be tha most important factors in 01 133 23S7 Industrial Hygiene ' June 1973 588/ 75 689/73 690/73 QSHA Ccmer.uaiqua. Ths AFL-CIO Executive Council concluded its recent annual raeetmg with a scathing mdicrr.ent ' of present administration ol the: OSHAct. The council issued a 13,000-word report wtuen cr.arges j the Ford and Nixon Administrations, OSHA. and die OSH Review Commission with sabotaging :s intent of the law/ Worst failures, the report contends, are inadequate funding of OSHA. watered* down enforcement. an`d ibotdraging in promulgation of standards, especially health standards. The council urged Congress, to strengthen die OSHAct by enacting these amendments: Extend coverage to all workers, including Federal.'State, and local government employees, and to all workplaces, regardless of size: Prohibit State enforcement of job safety and health standards: Permit OSHA compliance officers to prohibit employees from working where there ;a imminent danger: Place NIOSH within the Department of Labor; and Require full pay for employee repre sentatives for time spent accompanying OSHA compliance officers during workplace inspecaens. --Occupational Hazards 37: 37. April 1973 What Pries Toxic Substances Control? The controversy over the costa to the chemical industry of complying with S. 776. the Tome Substances Control Act. is escalating. And so are the cost estimates. Last week, m a letter to a Senate Subcommittee on the environment. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Russell E. Train said that the costs would run about MO million to 8140 million psr year, rather than tbs 843 Bullion ho quoted in testimony befbre the subcommittee in March. He attributes the higher figures to the "highly speculative coats associated with premarket screening and regu latory actions."" Further, he points out. 10 to 20% of the 180 million to S140 million would be offset "on a national basis by the introduction of substitute products far the chemicals that are affected by.regulations." Train's new eenmates are spurred by a recant letter from Dow Chem ical to the subcommittee. in which fas company cnnazes the *43 million figure, pamong out that compliance with the act would coat the industry about *2 billion per year. However. Train says in bis letter that Oow has overestimated in all areas. For instance. Dow is working on the assumption that every new chemical would have fa be premarket tested and reportad. Tnun disagrees. Actually, be counters, general testing at a coat of 910,000 to 830.000 per chemical would be "very limited" and required of only 133 new and .180 existing chemicals per year. And more extensive tasting at a east of $200,000 to 8400.000 per chemical would be confined to only about 13 new and 20 existing chemicals psr year. Train also criticises Dow estimates that on an industrywide basts the preaarkst testing provision would daisy tits marketing and pro duction of tbo equivalent of about 120 new products each year. The company aaye fast fas de lay costs to.fadustry would,be about 8130 per year, and that at the time of delay, each product would represent an R 4 0 investment of $3 million . But. according to Tram, "relatively few chemicals, that will be delayed (because of) test requirements will involve a $3 million R 4 D investment at the time required testing begins.": Hence, be says, fas $130 million is "consider ably overestimated." --Chemical 4 Engineering News 33; 0. May 3, 1973 NIOSH Study Suggests Rich Rate of Occupational Disease in Small Business. More than one worker out of fakir employed in selected small bufaneee operations in the Northwest were bund to be afflicted with occupational >*<-- fa a pilot study funded by Nanonal Institute far OccupsucaalSafety and Health. Date released April 24 by Rep. Dominick V. Daniels (D.-N.J.) from the study .designed to develop occupational disease surveillance methods, conducted by University of Washington, suggest that many workers involved fa high risk occupations fa small businesses may bo contracting work-related diseases at an alarming rata. The study's sample oonstezad of employers in Tacoma and Seattle. Wash.. aad Portland. Ore.. and an agricultural area of YaJoma County, Wash. , who had been selected to report occupational injury and disease experiences: to Occupational Safety and Health Adminiatranon m l973. Sample industries were divided into four categories: (1) lead-using industries; (2) ehionnatad hydrocarbon solventusing industries; (3) agriculture: and (4) other worksites classified an hasardous. A walk through survey by an fadumrial hygienist was conducted m 138 establishments, and quesoonnairas were given to, participating employes to determine their defaographic. occupational and medical history. Medical examinations ware given to 908 employee. Compeaaanen claims and employer injury and diaasse logs ware reviewed far the period July 1972 through August 1974. as well as one to one-and-one half years pnor to fas survey. Pamela acreased that "fao study 01 13% *3S9 3 Industrial Hvgiene 3ieat -'une 19*; rCV.ING r.'ENTS I Aug. 3-7 12tfi Annual Institute m Industrial -`earing Ccnservatisn, CdlSy 2;!lege, ater,,'e, Maine. Write: Coliy .'ur.:ire, 1721 Pint Strear, - r=. Aug. 3-8 Aug. 3-8 Aug. 3-8 Aug. 4-8 Aug. 5-7 Aug. 10-15 Aug. 11-15 Aug. 11-16 Aug. 17-21 Aug. 24-29 Aug. 25-27 23rd Annual Institute m Occaoational Hearing Lass. Colby Ca'iege. -atervilie. "am. write: Coliy Collggt Cnatitutt, 1721 ring Strttt, rhiladtlshto, Pa. :i:;z Samoling and Sample Systems for Process and Environmental Instrumentation. Pooe-t Morns College, PittSOurgn. ?a. Write: .7.7. .irons, Cnsznntnz Soeitr. --' A-tr-.oa, SCO Ssaxris Strees, Pizzscurgn, ?a. 13222 P-ocess and Environmental Analytical Control. Pobert "or-s College, 3'ttssurr;n. :>!. write: 0. Hand, Cnszmtntnz Sac-ary of Amtrisa, 400 5ar.; Strtt z, P-.zztturt-. -12222 9tii Short Course on laser Safety, Medical College, University of Cincinnati. Lastr Saftty Courtt, CC.VWTD, Htdieal Saignegg 3ir. Icing, CJC Btthttcc Avtnus, S. ns-- - nan, Ohio W525C ASTM SymoosiiBi on Calibration--Problems A Techniques. ISIS Hast Strttt, Philadslphia, Pa.' 19103 Write: ion* ?.=*iizcn, asth, National Medical Association, Fontainebleau, Miami Seaen, Fla. write: . iton Coopgr, HD, 2109 Strttt, .Y. V., Washington, 3.2. 20037 Sasic Safety Management, International Safety Academy, Macon, Ga. write: .'-.rernational Saftty Aaaaeny, 1021 Storgta Autnut, Hason, Oa. JIZOl American Physiological Society, State University of New rorw, Albany, n.y. write: Crv . Ptynoids, PhD, Amgncan Phytiological Sooitry, 9650 Pashm. I lo Pikt, 3tthgtcc, Maryland 20014 t 3rd International Conference on Physics 1 Chemistry of Asbestos Minerals, Quebec City. Write: C.C. toy, Cgparvngnc of Xatural Pttoursgg of Outage, 1130 Oufresnt Strttt, iusbts City, iusote, Canada. 170tft ACS National Meeting, Chicago. Write: a.T. wins ttad, ACS, 11SS :sth Strttt, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20038 Environmental Health Management, Cherry Hill Lodge, Cherry Hill, N.J. Write: Cnsarnavional Saftty Academy, 1021 Csorgia Avtnus, .Hasan, Ca. 31201 I LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS | 893/73 Part 1910--Occupational Safety and Health Standard*: Pert 1929--Occupational Safety and Health Standarde for Agriculture--Roll-Over Protective Sa-ucturee for Agriculture Tractora Pursuant to section 6(b) of the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1393: 29 U.S.C. 633). Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8734) . and 29 CFR Part 1911, Chapter XVn of Title 29. Code of Federal Regulations ls hereby amended in the manner set forth below, m order to sdd s new Part 1929. "Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Agriculture." a include. in the new Part 1929, reference to the existing occu pational safety and health standards applicable to agriculture, and a provide a new standard dealing with roll-over protective structures tot agricultural tractors. The final standard preserves the requirement contained in the proposal that all tricars manufactured after Oca ber 29, 1976 of oyer 20 engue horsepower used in agriculture be equipped with a seat belt and a ROPS that meet the aet and performance requirements specified in the standard. How ever, the final standard, unlike a* proposal, exempts from this requirement "low-profile tracars" while used in orchards, vineyards, hop yards end low-clearance buildings. Other tracars are also exempted while used in low-elearance buildings. In addition, tracara mounted with implements incompatible with a ROPS may be operated without a ROPS at the on* of these usages. The final standard also requires the employer a ensure that all em ployees use the seat belt. In addition it requires employers a enforce prescribed operating rules whether or not a ROPS ta required. Finally, each ROPS must contain a label which states, among other things, that the tast and performanca requirements contained m the etandard have been met. No requirements (Or retrofitting are issued at this time. --Federal Register 40: 18234-18288. April 23. 1973 7 01 133 2391 ] I lnauszT-.il Hygiene 2:;ett 13*! i 697/73 jFL-C!C Asoeale Rg-ee-an of Challenge toCSHA State Plana 698/73 The AFL*C!0 appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia C;rsu: toe I decision af the O'.S. District Court for the Distne: of Columbia rejeeeng die laoor feoerasor. t > challenge to die approval of state plans under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Nonce ; of appeal was filed on April 18 from the occasion m AFL-CIOv. Brennan. The plaintiffs attacked regulations issued by the Secretary of Laoor regarding the levels of qualified per* aonnel and funding necessary for sate plan approval. C .5. District Judge John Lewis ! Smith. Jr.. granted summary judgment for the secretary. ' --Occupational Safety a Health Reporter t: 1611. May 6. 1973 ! . .-T, . ' ' ,, ' l:..` '" .! Workers File 9326-Million Damage Suit for Aabcatoe Haiards. More than 160 former employes of Raybestps-Manhattan Inc.. Passaic. N.J., have filed civil \ class actfoa suit charging five asbestos manufacturing firms with negligence in supplying Raybesma-Menhattan with "defeenve asbestos." Suit..filed in Federal court m Newark, seeks Si-million in reparations and Sl-oullioh in damages for each worker for "permanent injuries" caused by exposure to the asbestos. Defendants named are: Johns-Manvilla. Denver: Asbestos Corp. of America. Garwood. N.J.; three Canadian firms--Bell's Asbestos i Co.. Asbestos Carp., and Caseiar Asbestos Ltd.: and Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.. which insured the Raybeatoa-Msnhattan plant. Defendants'were charged with a "most callous, willful and wanton decision to expose workers" to lung disesees and cancer. RaybestosManhattan was not named in the edit because claims have already been filed against the com pany by the workers through workers' compensation courts. Suit charges the companies did not take any reasonable precautions or care, to "sufficiently warn" the employes of the dangers. Plaintiffs say they were exposed to the nakdf cancer, aabestoau. sarcoma, mesothelioma, scarred lungs and other illnesses. Some of the workers claim they are permanently disabled. --Job Safety e.Hsalth Report 3: 97. May 19. 1973 699/73 OSAHRC Orders Employer to Consult With Union -on Safety and Health Matters . i The General Electric Company-was ordered to consult with its authorised employee representa tive on matters affecting employee safety and health in the first "cease and desist" order issued by theOccupational Safety and Health Review Commission. This 2-1 decision, issued April 21. involved General Eleetne's Schaneetady. N.Y., Steam Turbina Dlvixica. which is part of the company's large industrial complex in the greater Sehenectady area. Commissioner Timothy P. Cleary wrote the lengthy and far-ranging majority opinion which, surprisingly. was assented to by Chairman Robert D. Moran without comment. James F. Van Names wrote a vigorous dis sent. Of particular interest in this ease was the extent of the union's parecipauoB and the effect of its paraspanon on the final decision. The "cease and desist" order was the commission's response to dis union's request that this case be "comprehensive." The majority held that the commission's authority to grant "other appropriate relief" pursuant to Secson 10 (e) of the Act includes, in this instance, the issuance of anprdar directing an employer to "cease and desist" from its policy of "unilaterally establishing health and safety program* without the advice, con sdeencits. ioanndtoacretiqveuirpearctoicnipsaulttiaotnioonfothnemAautttehrosr'iosfeedmRpelopyreeesesnatfaettivye, owfhEicmhpisloyliemeiste."d Atoctchoorsdeingly, a r covered in affirmed citations, is permissible under the Act. and will not detract from the scheme of the National Labor Relatione Act and section 8(a) (9) in particular. The foregoing section of the NULA slakes unlawful an employer's refusal to bargain with its employees' authorised representative over terms and conditions of employment. The majority limited its ! order to cbnaiiltatibo on matters found in violation in this proceeding. Commissioner James F. Van Names, in a dissenting opinion: disagreed that the commission has brood authority to i require management to consult with labor on safety and health issues. In hta opinion, the i majority position is counter productive because consultation will prolong absteamit. He also ! believes that tbs "ciaao and dsaist" order may be in direct conflict with the NULA. In fact, by issuing such an` order. the majority effectively finds that General Electric haa failed to bargain, i.e.. has committed an unfair labor practice. Van Names said. --Occupational Safety a Health Reporter 4: 1360, May l. 1973 01 133 2393 Industrial Hvgiene Digest ;une :3*; 703/7J 704/75 705/75 708/75 Inmrv Cceeenaaccn. F.T. Psoie Ths courts eonnnue to scuggle with the impossible task o equating tie aceicer.ta.. .saa cf physical or mental well-being with a precise sun ti pour.ss and pence. These wnose ury is as thumb through the latest law reports seldom nave cause to exclaim at me generosity o:` the judges :a maxing awards of damages for tacustrtai injuries; tf employees were setter in formed of me factors taxen into account by me courts m maxing suen awards. ;t is poaim.e mat fewer risks would be taken and thus. mere would be fewer accidents. Several examp.es of recent cases and decisions m British sourts are given. --Occupanonai Health 2T 113-118. March 1975 The OSHA Review Commieeion: Ite Purpose and Powers. G.U. Betz The Occupanonai Safety and Health Review Commission (CSAHRC) and me courts are now spelling out me real meaning of OSHA. Words used m me Act and m me stancarns axe tea; defined; vague and ambiguous pornona are being explained. These decisions r.ave a consider able effect on me plant engineer's aenvines and are wfluennal in state safety and tieaim pro gram administranon. The decision will also guide future stanaards-naking and enforcement To help inform plant engineers on what OSHAmeane to mem as it is being admmistereo. this sense of araclee will cover major decision* of OSAHRC and me courts. Types of questions that me Commission can decide and some specific decisions regarding OSHA a coverage are considered in this trade. Succeeding trades will discuss decisions on me validity of OSHA inspections and me controversial "general duty" dause of me Act. --Plant Engineering 23- 523-238. Apnl 17. 1975 f BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS | Naaonal Eire Codes: A Compilation of NFPA Codes. Standards. Recommenced Practices. and Manuals, Vol. 3, 1975--Flammable and Combuacble Liquids. National Fire Protection Association. Avauaoie from; NFPA, 470 Atlantic Ave., Boston. Mass. 02210. v.p. ; 1975) Price: *7.50. The revised 1975 National Fire Codes in IS volumes may be bought as a complete set or in dividually. These naaonaUy-recoguized codes rndude '1 new and revised staaoaraa approved at me NFPA 1974 Annual and Fall Meetings. The books icdude me 1975 Naaonal Eleetncai Coae and 225 other individual publicaaons. To enhance use me codes and standards are arranged numerically in Volumes 1-11. Recommended pracaces. guides and manuals are m volumes :2-:5. The standards, diagrams and tables listed are developed and reviewed by experts serving on NFPA technical committees. These people come from industry. trade and professional associa tions. government, insurance, fire service fields and me public. Many fire laws and codes adopted by the Federal, state and local governments are based on mess codes and standaras. The complete set costs *75. Individual books are priced at *7.50 each. Titles from Table of Contents are: Flammable and Combusable Liquids Code; Oil Burning Equipment; Dry cleaning Plants. Basic Classification of Flammable and Combusable Liquids; Cleaning or Safeguarding Small Tanka and Containers; Spray Application Using Flammable and Combustible Materials. Dip Tanka Containing Flammable or Combusable Liquids; Organic Coaaags; Solvent Extraction Plante; Stationary Combustion Engine* and Gas Turbins*: Tank Vahids* for Flammable and Combusable Liquids; Portable Shipping Tanks; Flaamabi* and Combusobl* Liquids on Farms and Isolated Construcaon Projects; Csllulose Nitrate Moaon Picture Film; Pyroxylin Plasacs in Factories; Pyroxylin Plasac in Warehouses. Wholesale. Jobbing and Retail Stores; Liquid and Solid Oadiimg Materials; Fireworks; Magnesium; and Titanium. --Publisher's Release and Table of Contents Evaluation of Radiaaon Emergencies and Accidents: Selected Criteria and Data. E.J.Vallano. Available from; Umpuo. Inc .. P .0 . Box 433 . New York. N .Y . 10016. 138 p. (1974) Price: *8.00. (International Atomic Energy Agency Tech. Report Series No. 152). This manual is mtsndsd to b# used as a technical reference m the handling of radiaaon emer gencies and accidents. Ths text a* presented presupposes that members of faciliaee and organizaaoas having the responsibility for assessing th* consequence* of a radiaaon accident have professional training and experience in the field of radiaaon safety. The manual does nor pur port to set out an emergency plan, but provides selected dau and entana essential to the assess ment of radiaaon effects on psopls and their environment from the accident. The elements of a 01 133 239= 11 Industrial Hygiene D>g*t June ursi 710/73 711/73 712/73 I GfOL'SHtlAL MEaiCS.xl Physiological and Hygienic Aassssment of Different Work Pirterne and Methods A copied far aoianera in Viacoae-fiber Production . A.?. Martynova ana A.N. iutnaa. Gig. Trad* Prof. Zabelsvaniya (2): 1*4. 1973. (Russian). Matanaia derived from a physiological and hygienic assessment of 3 types of the spinners1 work pattern adopted m the present-day viscose production.are offered. The data of die ame. hygienic and physiological studies mads in spinning daparsnenta of die enemies! fiber plants helped re veal definite advantages of the synchronoua tesimwiae method of servicing die machines. as com pared to the individual and team- and plaitwiae.ones, and to recommend introduction of the termer m the industry. Tide information made it also possible to work out a whole number of additional scientifically supported recommendations for the correction of the existing conaieona and far making them more healthy. Moreover, the investigations have brought evidence that the nsk of an adverse effect of carbon bisulphide is quite the same in all of the above organisanonal patterns o/ ths spinnars' work. being determined by actual carbon bisulphide m the air of die production 'arcs and the accepted performance standards. --Author's Summary m English Coronary Heart Disease in Workers Reared .From a Viscose Raven Plant. M. Tomaaini. etal. Med. Lavoro S3,: 368-373. Sap./Oct. 1974. 13 refs. (Italian) i *- Following previous research an the problem of the.relation ship between coronary heart Aimmmmm andchronic occupational exposure to CS;. tha Authors report the reaulu of a <t <) electrocardiographic research earned out on 177 pensionera (143 living and 32 dead) who had workad m a viaeoaa rayon factory. Among tha deceased subjects (21 exposed to CS; and 11 controls) . sobs of whom had bash subjected to poaanortam examination. death due to coronary disease or myocardial sclerosis was three omea higher in subjects exposed to CS; than in con trols. For subjects still living (78 exposed to different concentrations of CSj and 69 nen-ex- poeed controls) personal data were gathered by anamneete and clinical examinaoon. parnc-ular attention being given to signs and symptoms of CS; poisoning, and to each subject was given an aeg at rest. Electrocardiographic signa of eoronary uiaufflmancy ware observed in 13% of the controls: in 10% of subjects exposed to CS; concentrations of < 60 mg/m3 (MAC). in 23% :V subjects exposed to CS; concentrations between 60-100 mg/m3, and in 33.3% of subjects ex posed to CS; concentrations between 100-200 mg/m3. Moreover, the incidence of electirocaraio- grephicsigns of coronary insufficiency rose progressively with the increase of the environmen tal CSg concentration. Lastly, a significant atatiancal difference was observed between tha per centage of eoronary insufficiency ut the subjects exposed to CSg and suffering with polyneuritis and tha percentage in subjects exposed and without poiyneunos. Tha incidental combination of action of other mors common coronary risk factors (arterial hypertanaion. smoking habits, obesity), in causing coronary insufficiency, was also verified. Tha ucidmica of coronary in sufficiency also as regards such factors was always of significant prevalence in tha group ex posed to CS; j versus tha controls. As two groupaof living penawners wars homogeneous as re gards physical work load, diet, average ago. incidence of artanai hypertension and obesity. smoking habits, with.oxpoaure to CS;. the only discriminating factor, the conclusion was drawn that prolonged exposure to CS; is a roai occupational coronary risk factor, thus landing strength to therosults of a previous research, made on currently CS;-expoaad subjects. --Author's Summary in English . An Atherosclerosis Prevention Program-Evaluation of the First Six Years . ft.F. Wear, etal. J. Occup. Mad. 17:. 299t303. May 1873. 6 rale. The most aarihua medical problem of people of working ago is cardiovascular disease. This report is based on sin years of observations of. cardiovascular diaaaaa nak factors m 3.371 CampbaUSoup Cempany employees. .Moat of them work at one of 21U.S. plant locations. About 200 salesman won also included at tha tun of review of tha data. All employees in cluded ut this report entered the program pnor to December 31, 1973. Mon woman aged 30 to 39 years, and more men and woman younger than 30. an needed in tha program. Than wars men older employees involved because long-eervice employees were given pnonty. The fallowing dataware recorded at tha initial screening: age: race: current diet: drugs (far hypertension. high lipids, contraception); family history (in first or ascend degree rele aves) of diabetes , of myocardial infarction. or angina prior to 60: eex: height: blood pressure (systolic and diaatolid): myocardial infarction or angina history;* smoking history: serum cholesterol, triglycerides, lactescence (after 12-hour fast): ago at menopause; weight, and U 01 133 2397 Industrial Hygiene -igcst^ 715,75 718/73 717/75 Aerobic Capacity cf Cock Wonter* ;n 3otr.oav. ? N. Sana. Am. Ini. Kyg Asan 25 311-317. April 1975. 23 rets. o The aerobic capacity iVO? of SI healthy loaders :'rsa 3cxoay Cocxa actively engaged heavy manual work of li/tmg ana carrying of fooa grams oags was estimated =y ar. sxiracc.a- oon technique baaed on linear reiations(hip between near: rate ana oxygen cotaxe at cofferer.: levels of physical work. The average VO* aajt) waa found m oe 25 72 - 34 ai ;S . am . (STPD) or 48.8 - 0.96 (S..) al. am. *) kg'1 (STPDl which :s mgc m aany cases wner. oca- pared to the values reported by other Indian workers among oifferent occupational groups The possible reasons are discussed. The results further reveai mat me VC? =lx .s negativeiy correlated with age and mat this relationship is aore pronounced with subjects. agec 21-43 years. The gradual fall in aerobic capacity was observed beyond 33 years of age. --Author's aost. Chronic 3ronchms m Foundry Workers m Voivodina--Prevalence cf Resciratcrv Svrou-a and Chronic Bronchitis in Foundry Workers . M.I.Mikov. Med. Cavoro o5_. 343-358. Sep./Oct. 1974. 29 refs. A survey has bean made about results of epidemiological investigation with me aim cf estimation of the effects of air pollution at work places, upon the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and bronchitis m foundry worktrs m the Province of Vojvodma: 533 male-workers nave been examined (93.131) from a total of 382 persona employed a: five foundries. The control group consisted of 244 workers (93.83%) from a total of 260 worxera oot exposed to air-pollution at work places. The results of this investigation show mat me prevalence of chronic crcn- ehins is considerably higher m workers exposed to air rcUucon at work places ifounary workers) m relation to the prevalence of the non-expose . (control group J . This difference in prevalence of broncaitis between the foundry worxars ; 31.03%) and me contra! group (10.26%). for all groups together, is highly significant p < 0.001) . In the corresponding age groups the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in foundry workers is also considerably higher than in workers of the control group, and these differences are suosacally signifi cant. The highest prevalence of chronic bronchitis is in smokers, and me lowest in non smokers (14.28% - 1.31). ex-smokers (18.73% - 0.0%) an-, smokers at the ome of interview car.nct explain the significant differences m the prevalence of cr -cnie bronchius between me foundry workers group and the control group of the same smokrn, category: non-smokers 14.29% - ;. 3i%) . ex-smoker* (18.73% -0.0%) and smokers at the tune of interview (38.92% - 16.35%) . Presence c: intensive duet and other air pollution in the air of work s .nronment can cause excesses m prevalence of respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in foundry workers. The results obtained m this investigation indicate that the basic significance m incidence and prevalence of chronic bronchia* in the investigated sample of workers are smoking and air pollunon at work places. --Author's abst. Corrslation of Psychochysiologic Variables with Vocaaonal Rehabilitation Outcome ta Patients With Chronic Obetrucnve Pulmonary Pusses - I. Kama. et al. Chsst oT 433-440, April 1975. 28 refs. Despite the magnitude of the public health problem presented by respiratory diseases, there nave bean few studies aoncerned with vocational rehabilitation (VR) potential of panents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Certain physiologic variables which show a high degree of relationship to VR success are identified. The three independent variables which most higniy correlate with the VR potential of patients with COPD are the percentages predicted for me first- sscond forced expiratory volume (FTVj.g), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 73 percent of the farced vital capacity (FEF25-75 percent maximum voluntary ventilation (MW). The mean 'cutting' percentages for inclusion m VR programs were 30. 27. and 40. respectively The emotional variables studied do not differentiate potential VR success or failure as clearly as ths physiologic factors. The criteria set forth not only can be used by rehabilitauon worxers but could serve as a basis for future demonstration studies. --Author's abst. 01 133 239^ 13 Industrial Hygiene Digest _ - ^ ~ ' June :3rij 722/73 723/75 724/75 725/75 could be created by as occupationally-based health service in die Greater Brighton area. The i great advantage of treating such injuries in',.the workplace, by trained industrial nurses ane by doctors specialising -.niflduatrtaiasdicine. :s the smount of aconvenience and lose of 'verier: j euas which could be saved, as well as a decrease m th* demand aa the services of hospital eraer- ' geacy services. An occupatinnaily-basec health service would aot. of oourse. be confined to ' treaoag eases ofinjury. sad probably its major function would be in prisveaave rather dean eurabve work. Clearly there are marked eeoaoaic advantages for Great Britain ia haviag a universal and well-endowed occupational health service. --Author's Conclusion gap loves Health Services: One .Hospital's! Experience . N. Bluestoae. J. Oceup. Med. ^7: 220-233, April 1973. .;'/ / ' Hospital employe* health services are soaetimes subjected to unique pressures despite, or perhaps because of. the large number of physicians located on site. Often what sees to be easily available services are neither accessible or desirable from the standpoint of compre hensive patient care. An analysis of the problems of one such hospital employee health semes (EHS) is presented. as well as steps taken tojprovide an improved service. --Author's aost. gracadonere' Duties. MvWhincup. Oceup. Health 27: 147-154.. April 1975. Rules of personal responsibility apply to occupational health doctors and nurses and other medi cal staff andjtheir employers just as they do to all other employers and employees. This respon sibility extends to coosultaats.-doetors. nurses.and ancillary workers. AU are legally bouna to do their best to avoid mjunng others. What a person's best is and what preeaunons u is practicable for hum to take may depend very much an that person's oceupanon. Just as a lawyer's advice on law ought to be more reliable than.a labourer's, so the standards of medical care expected of the doctor.- dentist, ahsesthetist. pharmacist or nurse would be much higher than that required of the first-aid man. which, ur turn ta higher than that expected of the wnolly untrained, layman. Those who are trained. in other words. must live up to their training This erode discusses the general legal position of nurses, doctors and other medical personnel. --Cond. from text . OH in Europe--3 Germany . R. Alston. Oceup. Health 27: 102-104. March 1973. The two occupational health nurses in a Berlin factory do not at present have any speoal training tor the work. The company medical officer is responsible Cor training in occupational health prac tice. but be is| hoping within the next year that both the nurses may attend a special rwo-week course that is being organised at the Institute of Occupational Health at Goetmngen. He feels mat this is only a.basic course and does not provide any detailed training. He also feels that within the next few years it may become a statutory requirement for all nurses working in industry to have attended this course. Following cpmplenon of this course the medical officer hopes to in crease the range of work that the occupanonal.health nurses may perform. --Author's Conclusion OH in Eurooe--4 Italy. R. Alston: Oceup. Health 27: 150-157. April 1975. . The Gillette medical service in .Italy provides an effective treaneat service tor employees but seems to put a greater amphaeu on the preventative aspect of occupattoaal health. The factory is registered as a commercial rather than an industrial organisation. The legal requirements for commercial companies are linked to first aid kits; rest room with couch; and breast feeding ream and nursery room-for infants under three. If these facilities cannot be given than special allowance is given in lieu. The Ministry of Labour provides three social security schemes which may link up with occupational health. In theory j. industry provides the facilities and the govern ment provides the staff. but in practice industry usually provides the whole service. .Medical facilities are available to all employees in need of first aid or affected by sudden illness. It is the responsibility *& occupational health nurse to deal with these treatments. Medical exam inations are all performed by the consultant medical adviser so that the nurse has no reaponm- bilioes in this area. Counselling is earned out by the occupational health nurse and it has been observed that the.nursing sister provides an invaluable service to employees and relanves m this respect, helped by her, personal contact with local medical pracnooners. Consol of sickness absence is limited because of the quesnbn of infringement of the individuals' rights. So diagnoses are put on medical esrtifleates and long term absences can only be followed up by the Institute of Hygiene. '--Cond. from text 17 ! > 01 133 2401 . Industrial Hygiene Digest -ua 730/75 731/75 732/75 733/75 734/75 Facgue in Maa. 5ki31 and Systems--Recollection cf Fifty Years of Psvcnoicgica. Acp.-cac.-.es a LSL- H. Kano. J. Science of Laoour i: 371-392. Oecemoer 1974. 53 refs. The author attempts as historical recollection of studies performed mainly by the psychological memoers of the la*QRite for Science of Labour curinf the periods of fifty years froe 1929 to ;9*3 The purpose of this erode is to provide foreign researchers of the faogue prooiea wim soae information concerning the psychological studies in 15L.. because papers an thess studies have been unknown a foreign countries. --Cond. from Author s aost. Automated Mulenhaaic Health Testing. Diagnostic and Tescng Results Obtained at the Health Evaluation Center Puoiic Health Service Hospital. 3 al am ore . 3. Hoiianc, et ai. Public Health Reports 90: 133-139, April 1975. 16 refs. Ths results of automated multiphaaic health testing (AMHT) were evaluated with special attencoo to diagnoses made by physicians and to false posinve results, as well as to laboratory test resuits. Ths study population consisted of 1,157 patients at the Hsalth Evaluanon Center of the Public Health Service Hospital m Baltimore. Although 95 percent of the patients had at least ons newly diagnoeed disease or condition, the percentage dropped to 78 percent when dental aOnorsaiines were excluded and to 70 percent when dentali vision, and hearing abnormalities were excluded. Abnormal laboratory test results were observed for 96 sercaat of the pmeats, and 36 percent had at least ons falsa posinve test result. The study r -sulte indicated that AMHT is a highly productive method for oomprebeasive medical testing * .a a variety of uses other than maaa screening. The produenve diagnoses yield combined with a high percentage of false posinve results dictate the need for careful planning for followup care, atnet attention to quality con trol, and excellent communicanon between the AMHT center and the pracncmg physician. --Author's abat. Remote Interpretation of Cheat Roentgenograms . W.S . Andrus, et al. Chest 67: 463-488, April 1975. 8 refs. A senes of 98 chest films was interpreted by two physiciane on the bams of monitor display of the transmitted television signal representing the roentgenograpiue image. The tranwaission path was 14 miles long, and included one aenve repeater station. Receiver operating charac- tenenc curves were drawn to compare interpretations rendered on talevision view of the image with classic, direct view interpretations of the same films. Performance in these two viewing modes was found a be quite similar. When films containing only hazy dsnsines lacking inter nal structure or aharp margins, were removed from the sample, iatarpretancn of the remain ing films was essentially identical via the two modes. Since hazy danainas are visible on re- trospeenve examination, interpretation of roamgenograme at a distance vis television appears to be a feasible routs for delivery of radiologic sarvicM. --Author's abet. Oeteogoro*iej__Evaiuanon_of_DUjnoais_snd<_Therag^. J .R. Shapiro, et al. Arch. Intern . Med. 135: 563-587. April 1975. 19 refs. Bona mineral content was determined m the radius of 29 osteoporotic panants by tbs photon abaorpnon method. Mineral content was within the normal range in nine of 24 oeteoporonc women. Banos representing the bona mineral commit in the proximal and distal areas of the radius did net distinguish osteroporotio subjects or panenu with hyperparathyroidism from normal subjects. Ten oeterporotlc women had mineral measurements during a two-year period while receiving placebo or an intake of 2.200 mg of phosphorus and 2.400 mg of calcium. No increase in radial mineral ooatem was observed during this regimes or after adding vitamin D. The authors conclude that the measurement of mineral in the radius does not always accurately reflect the overall skeletal mass m an individual patient and that prolonged therapy with tugb phosphorus and ralrinm intake did not increase the radius mineral content. --Author's abat. Drug Allergy (Second of Three Parts) . C.W. Parker. New Engl. J. Msd. 292: 732-738. Apnl 3. 1975. 92 refs. The role of allergy m drug-induced inflammation of the liver, kidney, lungs and small blood vessels is not well defined. Very frequently, some form of direct tomaty appears to be in volved . as suggested by its high ram. the rapid mduenos of symptoms in the absence of known previous exposure and an inability to demonstrate marked fluctuations m sensitivity in serial studies of the same patient. On the other hand, examples esn be cited m which the 19 01 133 2403 Industrial Hvr.mt Jtgest ;un!9?s 739/73 740/73 741/73 742/73 I CHEMICAL HAZARDS I . 't ^' 1 ) " | Dow`i Approach to Tancir/rad Exposuts Guidelines Development u Industrial Hygiene . G.E. Socha.-J. Oceup. Med. 251-233. April 1975. j Hiltoncall/. limits for occupaoonal exposures hay* been determined from knowledge of human injury and estimates of the exposure which caused cha injury Thia araeio describes the anmiai toxicology program (and controlled human volunteer tests) uaad by Tha Dow Chamieal Company to define injurious proparsaa of ehamicaia in tha intaraat of prayannng tha human injury upon1 which health authonnes and industry have depended m tht past. , --Cond. from text Solvent Expoaura and Leukemia Aaong Rubber Workers: An Epidemiologic Study . A.J. McMichasl. et al. J. Oceup. Mad. 17: 234-239, Apnl 1975. 14 rate. . j Within thia case-control study, prompted by an observed esceae mortality from cancara of the j lymphatic udhematopoietic systems.the aaaociatioa of these typaa of cancer with specific work- environment expoaura baa baas inveaogatad. Tha nak of death from lymphatic leukemia appears to have bean appromimacely seven for workers in high solvant-asposura jobs (compared to other workers!. and apprommately twofold for workers in medium or light aolvaat-expoaura jobs. ! Modern aaivants used in' cha rubber industry include xylene, toluene, mehloratbylane. and i various aliphatic hydrocarbons. While these are generally believed to be non-carcinogenic, this belief may partly have artsan because insufficient epidemiologic study of tha carcinogenic j potential of these advents has apt yet bean done. Four other observances should be made re- . girding these results. Firstly, these results call for several follow-up tasks. Secondly, it is of interest that it is lymphatic rather than myeloid leukemia that appears to be associated with ; solvent expoaura jobs. Thirdly, the reconciliation of the lymphatic leukemia SMS (which is a ; reianve nak of mortality from that causa of death tor rubber workers versus the general com- 1 muaity) with the relative nak tor "exposed" versus "non-exposured" rubber workers poses an [ interesting,question. Finally, although this,study has focussed upon lympbane leukemia and solvent exposure, it is not possible to discount an assooadon of lymphosarcoma. Hodgkin's t Oiaease and myeloid leukemia with work environment exposure within the rubber industry. j Within the data set deSenbed above , there ware too few caaeo of these three cancer types to allow any conclusion of no tsendarion to be drawn. Indeed, the obaarvad excess morality from ! these three cancer types, ter the total cohort of rubber workers, could well indicate the presence of careaogaaie agents within the work environment responses ter various cancers of the lym- I phadc and hematopoietic system. Further study is necessary. --Cond. from text j Acute Acetone Intoxication . D.S. Hose. Oocun. Health 27: 120-124. March 1973 . 3 refs. Eight workers were exposed to levels in excess of 12.000 ppm of Acetone, two with aenous effects. The clinical findings and treatment are described. -- J.F.B. Heoeated Topical Appllcatioos of 1.2.4-Trtchlorobenieae--Effects on Rabbit Ears. M.B. Powers, at al. Arch. Environ. Health 30: 193-197. April 1973. 7 refs. In a study to evaluate its acnegenic potential, increasing concentrations of 1.2.4-tnchlorobenxaBi were applied topically to. the ventral surface of the rabkit ear three amas weakly tor 13 weeks. Additional groups of rabbits received: similar treemeat with petroleum ether (solvent controls), reemved no treatment (negattyo controls). and received tour once-weekly treatments with hexa- chlorodiphanyloxide. a known chloracnegenic agent (posidve controls). Skin response to 1.2.4-trichlotobenaane was characterised grossly by dental imtattoo directly related to the concentration of test material; there were the assosatad histologic changes of acanthoma and hyperkeratosis; there was no primary foUucular involvement ebaraetanatte of acnetorm Carman- tie. . Dermal responses to hexaehlorodiphenyiomde consisted of gross follicular enlargement, with waxy excretion on pressure, and severe sealing. The affected ear appeared thickened up to three nmas normal aise and histologic sections ahowed primary follicular involvement charac terised by marked thickening of the sheath and marked distention of the follicles with keraon. with resultant comedone formation, typical of chloracns.. --Author's abat. 01 133 2105 747/75 748/75 749/75 weU as a hotesxiss-McManus stain :cr testing PA3-pos;:ive materia*. In gu--.es s.gs -as ;eer. found a quicx niato-macrcpnagtc icouio-aiveoiar reaction. fairly active a: 1 mcr.L-.s excc;.:;cr. aecicecly marxec at 4 montns. sotn for foe: v.aer.ess ar.c for polymorphic aro o.ovc.-er s:cr.a_ histiai ceils, enaowea. besiaes witn more nue:ea luce extraneous cooy or c.-.rc.-.:c :rr:ta:..e jomuious giant ceils) ana with cytepiasraa ioaaec with a very fine granu.cus materia.. _-.-co. liable witn tr.e usual stains. At 7 montns exposition, were founc -iKe-grar._c.~a:ous fee: e; histo-macropnagic elements, more or less giant, in stromal seat, wmie tne analogous a.vecuttc type reaction tended to disappear. In rats lungs almost r.o nisto-macropnagic reaction :s fou.-.o in lobulo-alveolar site, wnile it is found a more or less marked septai tmexenu-.g ceca.se cf lusto ana aacropnagic elements present in the first 2-4 montns exposition, at 7 memos :.-.e guinea pigs lungs nave granulomatous-like foci of varying volume nisuai ceils, aiso muiu.-._e.ea[ec giant-ceiis. including in tbe cytoplasm very fine granuious material quite suni.ar to mat csservea in guinea pigs lungs analogous ceils. Further researen is planned. --Author's Summary in EngUsn Method for Measuring Isocvanatea ui Ambient Air. A. Fantuzxt. et ai. Med. Lavoro 65 188-192. May/June 1974. 1 ref. (Italian) A method is presented for the determination of isocyanates (toluene dusocyanate anc dipr.enyi- methane dusocyanate) m the air. Derived from the traditional method of Marcau. mis metr.oc r.as a high senaidvity such as to render it reliable for the determination of these two isocyanates .n the working environment. Compared with other method*, which are equally reuaoie out *.-uc.~. re quire the use of sophisticated and complicated equipment, this method can oe used even :r. .aoora- tones equpped with only simple basic instruments. --Author's Summary tn EngUsn Palpitation Rates Associated With Fluorocarbon Exposure in a Hospital Setting et ai. New Engl. 2. Med. 292: 624*826, Marcn 20. 1975. 12 refs. F . . Speicer. The use of aerosols containing fluorocarbons has been implicated as being responsible for deaths us specific environmental exposures. Excess mortality ta asthmatic children and young adults m England and Wales was associated with the use of fluorocarbon-containing aerosols of isoprotere nol. The asthma mortality, which generally was sudden and unexpected, was beueved to oe t.-.e result either of excess sympathomimetic stimulation in association with hypoxemia or of the fluoro carbon propellant used as the aerosol. Since 1967, deatr-.s from what has been termed 'aerosoi sniffing'' have occurred in increasing numbers in this country. Numerous aerosol products con taining fluorocarbons as propellants, including frying-pan lubricants, hair sprays, and aeooc.-ant sprays hava been used m the practice of "aerosol sniffing." and have thus been implicated n tne deaths. Animal studies of exposure to a wide variety of fluorocarbon-containing compounds, cot.-, with and without additional challenge of hypoxia or epinepnrmc. suggest tnat fiuorocarDon :=rrpounds are cardiac sensitizers. This investigation was conducted when :t came to the author s attention that certain pathology residents were experiencing repeated eoisodes of palpitation sever* enough to require several of them to seek medical care. --Cono. from text Background Information on Chlorooren*. J.W. Lloyd, etal. J. Occup. Med. 1_7 Apni 1975. IS refs. 263-265. In a letter to the Nauonal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH. dated Decemoer 18, 1974, E.l. du Pont d* Nemours and Company (Du Pont). Louisville. Kentucky, expressed concern over the potential carcinogenicity of chioropren* (2-chlorobutadiene). Du Pont had begun looking closely at this substance recently because of the similarity in chemical structure with vinyl chlonde. Du Pont has utilized chioropren* in the production of neoprene ipoly- chloroprene) since 1931. In the course of a literature search on chioropren* toxicity. Du Pont uncovered two recent Russian article* that suggest an increased incidrnice of skin and lung can cer in workers exposed to chioroprenc. Also, two other articles in in* Russian literature were located that dsaenbed animal experiments in which cnioroprene adversely affected embryo de velopment in rats and mice. Du Pont has informed its employees of the Russian reports and r.as alerted us customers to the possibility of "escaping chioropren*" during the processing of neoprene. The Company is conducting epidemiological studies in humans and animals to ascer tain the carcinogenic potential uf chioropren*. --Cond. from text :3 01 133 2407 I U, tnduatnal Hvarne Dige i June 734/75 733/73 736/73 tests. and of skin temperature. hear*, rate, malar flush and blood alcohol concentration aurir.g f the prealcohol baseline period and at regular intervals over the 1-hour drinking penea. The > three alcoholic .oeverages produced blood! alcohol curves that aid not differ significantly. All ! three alconollc beverages produced increasing sensoRmotor impairment over time! whicn cor- j responded in degree to the increasing blood alcohol concentration. .There were ao significant I differences between the three alcoholic beverages on cither the sensorimotor or pnysiaiogical ' measures at any blood alcohol value. The results of this study indicate that the degree of im- i pairment after alcohol mgesaon in a socially relevant manner is not dependent on tne type of ! beverage consumed, but only on the resulting blood alcohol concentration. --Author.! Summary; Perspective in the Environmental Toxicology of Heavy Metals. K. Tsuchiya. Jap J. Ina. j Health IS: 427*437. September 1974.. 37 refs, iJapanese I la this short review an the environmental toxicology of heavy metals it is emphasized that there j is he principal difference between induaoial toxicology and environmental toxicology. The paper includes discussion on the basic toxicology of metals in relation to ths absorption, excretion and | biological half tuns. Ths discussion includes dose-response relationships. detoxication. acquired tolerance and unspecific response of some metals ! Finally , tbs following studies wtucn arc neces sary in ths environmental toscofogy m thefuturears recommended by the author. These studies should include: 1) background information on the incidence of unspecific responses such as > . morbidities of adult diseases, .2) influence of toxic metals upon "aging" in general. 3) type of Chernies! compound of toxic metals m the environment and in the organisms inducing man. 41 tbs relationship between environmental toxicologyand ecotoxioology. 3) interactions of metals i 8) individual variation of the susceptibility to heavy metals from both experimental and epiaemio-! logical point of view. --Cond. from Author's abat. in English ! On the Normal Value of Urinary Excretion of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Fiuonde in J Japanese. K. N J S<min>afLilMU> M; 983-908. D(wiih.f 197* 13 ret'S. - ' I '' - .` * According to the conditions of daily living, the unnsryexerenon of lead, mercury, cadmium and j fiuonde may considerably vary from day to day and from person to parson. In general, the ex* creoon of these metals reflects thedaily intake into the body. The purpose of thisstudywas :o determine the urinary excretion oflead, mercury, cadmium and fiuonde m the Japanesewno j usually had no opportunity of accidental or occupational exposure to these metals. The values - obtained from these people can be considered to be the normal values of urinary excretion of I " relevant metals.1 They seem to be useful in evaluation of the unnary excretion of people working ! under varying degrees of exposure to these metals, people who may have taken those metals ui j food, water or air. or patients with chronic diseases seemingly due to.absorption of these metals. Ths author has mads efforts m accumulating bis data of unnary excretion of those metaia. paying j attention to the relevant papers published by others in Japan. -'Author's Introduction ! .* -` ' -v;>'.. - f- .V ' j. Subdintcal Neuropathy at "Safe" Levels of Lead Exposure A.M. Seppaiauen. et al. Arch. Environ. Health 30: 180-183. April 1973. 8 refs. Elsctzopnysiplogicsl methods* revealed subclinical neuropathy in 26 workers..exposed from 1 to 17 1 yeara to .ead and whose blood lead (PbB) values had never exceeded 70 ig/100 ml. as ascertained ! by checking the monitor reports of ths factory and by cartful exposure history. The PbB deter* i miasnone nad bean tested repeatedly and had bean found valid. Ths main findings wars slowing of the maximal motor conduction velocmes of the median and ulnar nerves sad particularly the con* ' ductioa velocity of the slower fibers of the ulnar nerve. Electromyographical abnormalines com- f prised fibrillations, diminution of tbs number of motor units oh maximal contraction. and an aoaormaily long duration of ths units. Earlier similar measurements from hsavtly exposed workers had been even more abnormal. Thus , a dose* response relationship exists on a group basu. Sloes ths regular monitoring of PbBs in most workers during their entire period of exposure ex* ehidin the possibility of a body burden out of proportion to the PbB slight neurological damage is 1 produced at exposures hitherto regarded aa quite safe. --Author's aoat. 1 01 133 2409 23 i Incustriai Hygiene i-'.gest 762/75 783/75 764/75 765/75 Ai-P aetiv.aes rose in me tatter stage of administration. Ca ana ? .eveis m p;asma q:c no: cnange in all periccs or the experiment. From these resuits. :t oouia he ccr.c.uoec that a mea surement of prosuoc Ac-P. cnbiesterc;. ar.fi tree tatty acic .s available tor <rowing an excess intake of Cd. Cd contents m heart, lungs. spieen. ana testes c: raootts tr.tectec with : 2 mg Cd/kg increased significantly camparea with those wim 0.5 ~g Ca. kg. hut a cuferer.ce between tht two groups m Cd contents m liver, kidneys ano suomancihular g.ancs --n- tuned high concentration of Cd was not recognised. Zn contents tn organs c: raoous tnjectec with Cd increased remarkaoiy, while Cu contents aecreasee generally. This phenomenon was especially remarkable in liver and kidneys. --Author s aost. Role of Metallothionem in the Liver :n Protection Against Cadmium Toxictr.ana H. Yosmkawa. lnd. Health 12. 141-151. Decemoer 1374. 14 rets. Y Susuici Effect of pre-synthesized metallothionem m livers of rats on cadmium distribution m the soluo.e fractions was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The liver of a maie rat injected with cacmium (1 mg/kg. mtrapentoneaily) was removed at 24 hr after the injection ana soluble fracson was prepared from the tissue. Cadmium was concentrated in a low molecular weight portion corres ponding to metallothionem in the soluble fraction, and use was also mduaefi in this portion When this soluble fraction was added with cadmium m vino, most of cadmium was founa m this portion, and zinc was replsced by cadmium. The proporoon of these metais was 1: 1 in molar ratio. Male rats were pretreated with a small amount of cadmium (0.3 mg/kg, intraperuonea.lv i at 24 hr before injection with a challenge dose of cadmium (3 mg/kg, mtrapentoneaily) . Cad mium intake in the livers was significantly promoted, and cadmium concentration m the soiuoie fraction was higher in companson with non-pretreated rau A large amount of caamium was also found m the low molecular weight portton, whereas tir.c m this poreon disappeared at 2 hr after the cnallenge injection. It was probable that mis promouon of caamium intake was brought predominantly by ths replacement of zme in zinc---uonein by cadmium: the proportion being estimated to be the same as in vitro. Thus, cadmium nay be more rapidly immobilised m the livers of cadmium pretreated rau than that of noo-pret.- tated rau. On the oasis of these findings, the protective effect of the preveatment against c. imium toxicity was discussed in re lation with metallothionem induced by the pretreataent. --Author's abst. Evidence for a Neuromuscular Disorder m Methvlmercurv aoisoning . H. Rustam, ei ai. Arch. Environ. Health 30: 190-135. April 1975. 23 refa. Data suggestive of a neuromuscular disorder responsive to neostigmine was uncovered m the course of eiectrophysiologiesi testing of Iraqi patients poisoned by methyimercury. Subsequent neostigmine therapy produced a remarkable clinical improvement of the pauents. Placeoo suo- sdtuuon resulted m a subatanual loss of teauble strength that was restored wnen drug therapy was resumed. --Author's abet. Methyl Mercuric Compounds in Rat Bile. T. Refsvik and T. Norseth. Acta Pharmacol, et Toxicol. 3. 67-78, January 1975 . 14 refs. Methyl mercuric gluuthione is the predominant methyl mercuric compound m rat bile following exposure to methyl mercuric chloride. Methyl mercuric chloride also forms methyl mercuric glutathione when added to rat bile in vitro. A small amount of methyl mercuric cysteine is al ways found in the bile of exposed animals. This amount increases on storage of the bile, and may include most of the metal present. Exchange of the methyl mercuric ion takes place between cysteine and glutathione. Methyl mercuric glutathione releases methyl mercuric cysteine on storage, probably by autolyua. but ao action of enzymes cannot be ruled out. Final conclusions cannot be drawn as to which methyl mercuric compound is actually transported from the liver cell to the bile. -- Author s abst. Climco-EIectrocardiographic Investigation on Subiects With Acute CO Intoxication . A. Capellini, etal. Med. Lavoro o_5: 285-292, July/August 1974. 29 refs. (Italian) The aim of the research has been to uiveeugaie upon incidence and frequency of myocardial- curonaric impairments in subjects acutely poisoned with CO and, if such impairments are transient or persistent. The research was carried out on pauents of me Clinica del Lavoro and of the Milan Pobdinico's Intensive Care Department. The study is based on clinical and partic ularly electrocardiographic data. The conclusion is that myocaraialcoronaric impairments, if present in the subjects acutely poisoned with CO. are rarljr serious or irreversible: when mis happens it is due to the coexistence or to me supenmposiuon of the anoxiemic action of CO to a preexistent coronary disease. --Author's Summary m English 01 133 2411 i Lnduetrial Hvjpene 770/7S 771/75 772/75 773/75 774/75 5aonal Exposure to Du in Flax Proetaxr.g ui Egypt Aiia. i- 36; 318*324 , April 1975. IS refs. -- M.H. Noweir. t al. Am. ino. Hyg J " : Previous evidence suggested that interruption'..of worker's,exposure to Sax dust may ^eaa to ; severe symptoms of byzswosnon their recum M work. In die present stuey, the prevalence' sad seventy of byssiaoms was studied in,a sample of workers (a 577), who dad been ex- ! posed to dust for six mantbs each year; Byssinosis prevailed in 36.91 of them, and 32.3% of i them had their-FEVjg ^reduced 10% at the end oif the first morningwork period 14 to 6 hours* j of the week . Both syndromes-were higher among seasonal Workers than what wouid be predicted I if they were permanently exposed to flax dust;j A hypothesis has been presented to interpret this ! finding. . . --Author's abst. .] An Evaluation of the Inhalation Toxicity of One Commercial Proteolytic Er.tvme Preoaraacn . 1 D.E. Richards, et al. Am. lnd. Hyg. Assn. j . J: 268-271. Apnl l975. l5 refs. The inhalation toxicity of a commercial proteolytic enzyme preparation containing 12% subolistn Carlsberg was studied in experimental animals Guinea pigs chat had been pretreated by a senes of intrsderimal injections of the enzyme preparaaon in' saliae solution died as a result of a single 8-hour exposure to the easyme praparaaon at an air conceatrason of 41.2 mg/a3, while normal guinea pigs and pretreated guinea pigs that were dosed with an antihistamine immediately prior to exposure survived. The 6-hpur LC50 Cor pretreated.guinea pigs was determined as 24.7 mg/m3. Normal rats, normal rabbits, and pretreated rabbits survived exposures to the enzyme prepara tion at concentrations as high aa;38.8 mg/m3. :Pathblogic examinations revealed changes only in the lungs of the exposed animals. These pulmonary alterations appear to be reversible. A hista mine release is suggested as the primary effect of a secondary-exposure to this proteoiyuc enzyme preparation. --Author-sabst. . Asbestosis. W.P. Howard. Lancet 1: 914-985. April 28. 1975. David McKie (Lancet, March 8. p. ,3881[ drew attention to the way m which asbestosis has been dramaased >in recent weeks by Press and television. It is important to realise that the cases to which he particularly referred were exposed to asbescos dust under conditions prevailing 20 and 30 years. or even;longer. ago. when our apility to monitor the aemosphere at work and our knowl edge of threshold limit values in relation to asbestosis were not as refined as they are today. The history of the cotitrbl of asbestos dust in asbestos 'lactones has been one of steady improvement over half a century. The standards Cor aabestos-duateoacentraaonaaeociatsd with the 1969 Asbestos Regulations are intended.to'pravent the exposure of asbestos workers to amounts of dust which could impair their health. and in a recent survey earned out by the Employment Medical Advisory Service of 700 personal saimples taken. 92% were below the stringent 2 fibres per mi. threshold standard. These results are encouraging, because they demonstrate that asbestos products, which are important basic materials for most of British industry. can be used safely and.are being used safely. --Entire`Letter to Editor' .. Ultrastructurai Morphometry of the Diffusion Surface in a Case of Pulmonary Asbestosis . M.B. Oiverue. Mayo Clinic Proceedings SO: 193-197. April 1975. 21 refs. A combinaaon of electron microiedpy and' stereologic principles has allowed an evalustton of the contnbuuonof structures in the blood-air bamer to gas exchange across it. In the present | study this method was applied to. biopsy material Grom .the lungs of a panent with aaoestosis. Within the limits of the sampling.method, the results of the-study are interpreted m indicate that j measurable diffusion abnormalities were principally due to changes other than an increase in \ membrane thickness. --Author's abst. ! In Vitro Studies on the Cytotoxic.Action of Different Varieties of Asbestos Dust on Macrdonace* j J.L. Ksw and S.ll. Zaidi. Acta Pharmacol, et Toxicol. 38: ,225-235..Maren 1975. 23 rets. | The cytotoxic action of a, variety of asbestos dusts viz. chryeutile, amoaite. anthophyllite. :re- j molito ano acunolito was tested in vitro using alveolar and peritoneal macrophage cell cultures. The release of acid phosphatase and the uptake of the dye erythroain 11 were taken as parameters j of cytotoxicity^, Among the several varieties of asbestos testad for this purpose, chysoule proved' j to be most cytotoxic for both the alveolar and peritoneal macrophages, although the tormer were [ more sensmve. Amosite was only slightly toxic tor alveolar macrophages. Anthopnylbte. tre- | molite and acunolite behaved as control inert dusu. Carboxymethylceiluldse exhibited an anu- cytotoxic effect when chrysooie was pretreateo witn the polymer or wneii the dust cell inter* 1 acaon was allowed to take place ui its presence. i--Author's abst. ',! 01 133 2413 j Industry Hvgiene Digest .'un '.9*; 779/75 780/73 781/73 782/73 *83/73 Energy--Conservation Strategies ar.a Human Comfort . D C. N'evms. ASHRAE Journal ;* 33-37, Apni :37S. 22 refs. Criteria for evaiuanon of energy conservation strategies on occupant welfare are based on several levels of reaction including comfort, accepuDility. sleep, performance ana neaitb. Specific strategies based on t&e occupants' physiological and suojective responses mciuae night setback, day set-up. limited installed HVAC capacity ana limited aperanon tse. Re sponse outside die comfort zone is predicted from knowledge of frequency, duration and mag nitude of the swings. It is suggested that proper use of these guidelines may increase energy- savings. Population groups which may require special eonsiderason are proposed. Condi tions which can be accommodated oy aehavioral changes, changes in clothing and acsvity, are illustrated. --Author's aost. Humidity Human Factors and the Energy Shortage F.H. Robies. Jr. ASHRAE Journal 1_7 38-40. April 1973. 7 refs. ".. .It's not the heat but the humidity...." is a familiar cliche. Despite its universality, we actually know very Little about reianve humidity. The la--man is nard-pressed to define it. The medical profession harbors conflicting viewa on its health aspects. and only scattered re ports are available on its effect upon performance. Still. *e are witnessing an increased em- phasis on the role of humidification and dehumidification c. our wonting and Living environ ments. This psper wss presented at a Symposium Humid ir Control and Energy Conservation. held during ASKRAE's 1973 Semiannual Meeting in Atlantic City. NJ. Other papers were: Residential Humidification vs. Energy Conservation. by J . i. Selvaag and Humidity Control and Energy Conservation, by Dr. G. Shavit. ( --Auinor's aost. Hest Stress Limits tor the Sedentsrv Worker. J.D. Ramsey. at ai. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 38: 238-263. Apnl 1973 . 24 refs. Performsncs on four sedentary tasks was monitored during .emperatures of 83F. 93op, 105F WBCT for work periode up to 2 hours. Rssults wera compared with limits recommended for occupational safety and health regulations. It is suggested that this limit is not a single line, but rather a range of temperature-time combinations, Further. man's compensating nature during short exposures supports a aigner temparatura limit for bnsf work bouts. --Author's aost A Heat Stress Standard--How Do We Face Up To It? J.D. Ramsey. Professional Safety 2: 20-24. April 1973. 3 refs. Tha author discusses the subject pertaining to heat so-eae standard and the safety professional's role m compliance with the standard. Guidelines for protecting the worker where heat stress may be excessive are also explored. Author's abst. On the Cerebral and Peripheral Circulation in Peraons Dealing with Sources of L'ltrahigh Radio-Frequencies. Based on ths Results of Rheograpnic Investigations . V .A. Yadnntaev. Gig. Truda Prof. Zaholevazuya (2): 18-21. 1973. 12 refs. (Russian) To render more objective the esthenic status and vsgcto-vaacuiar disorders m persons dealing with aources of UHF sad low-intsnaity fields ths author has earned out. alongside a general clinical examination, also an investigation into (he cerebral and peripheral cireulanon by using rheovaao- and rbeoeacephalograpny. In svidsnea were hemodynamic disturbances of the peripheral cireulanon, lability of tha pulse filling and increased resilient-viscous propernes of the finger vessels. The hemodynamic indices of the vessels in tha brain, forearms and shins remained unchanged. The detected deviations were more pronounced in individuals presenting vegeto-basal disorders. The rheographie charsctsrisacs of the hemodynamic smfts may be used for an objective evaluation of functional deviations in tha health status of ths operators. --Author's Summary in English 31 Industrial Hygiene Digest :,a :s~s 789/73 790/75 791/73 792/73 * i radiation! * 9tuein Medical Exposure io Ionizing Radiation ... XT Morgan. Aa, Ind. Hvg. Aasn : 3: 358-368. May 1973. 30 rets,.';i.,' '"V' Tht author discusses the dangers of indiscriminate and uninformed use of medical x-ray facilities. Ho pouts out a lack of,effective standards, coittrola'and practices to minimize ex posures to x-ray and to prevent the excessive use of diagnostic x-ray examinanohs. A hat of practices whereby ah individual can minimize tua possible exposures to x-rays is presented. Several approaches to the question of acceptable exposure levels are considered. --Author's abet, v X-Rav Safety. Anon. Lancet 1: 90S; April 19. 1973. 3 refs. Evidence of the earconogenie potential of low-level radiacbn exposure comes mainly from die follow-up of children exposedantenaully--indeed, as Mole has observed, antenatal radiography may well be a unique test situsoon. The findings of the Oxford Childhood Cancer Survey., which how extends to. 8313 pairs of children and fourteen years, are of great uterest academical ly, but the practical message is simple. During x-ray diagnosis reproductive cells should oe screened and requests for abdominal x-rays on women of childbearing age should be made with knowledge of the patient's last menstrual period and the likelihood of her beug pregnant. The ten-day rule--no non-urgent abdominal x-rays except u the tan days after the first day of the patient's period--ta a useful guiceune. The Consumers' Association has reported on the.ex perience of 838 of its members who had recently|had an x-ray examinaaoa. About two-thirds of tham wart not given gohadai protection. Of ?i women who had abdomual x-rays and were of cbiidbearug age. haU were not asked about aenktruanoh or pregnancy, and two-thirds of those were x-rayed ou tside the ten-day limit (as were about half those tor whom this informa tion was known). In a comment on this report die Brmsh Medical Asaociaaon says: "Ensuring that women patients are x-rayed only during the: 10-day, period can causa admuutrauve havoc and even delay treatment for the patiants."; But many x-rey departmenu do cope wuh this situa tion.,and staff shortages cannot really be blamed for neglect of such sensible precautions. The Consumers' Association's survey, though in no way ayaumaoe. does suggest that a lot more should be done to ensure uniformity of practice. ; --Entire Text Microwave Ovens.. - A Statue Report. H. Stocks. Indiana State Board of Health Bulletin 77. 5-8. April 1973. , ";- The microwave oven is a revoluntionary departure from other methods of cooking. The micro- waves interact with the water molecules: and cauae the water molecules to vibrate and become hot. Since there are water molecules u nearly everythug cookabie. the microwave oven cooks items evenly from surface to cantor. In 1970., the national media proclaimed that microwave ovens "leaked dangerous radiation." Still later. others claimed that cardiac pacemakers had supped when penents wearug them were near a microwave oven that leaked a small amount. Articles sppeanng u the Russian press maintained that microwave radiation caused geneuc damage u individuals. Microwaves are a,region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which has very short wevee (x-ray end gemma rays) at one mid and very long waves (radio and TV broadcast bands - and aloccneal waves) on the other end. Mare than 95 percent of the microwave ovens utilize 2.430 megahem radiation (2.430 million cycles per second). This calculates out to a wave length of a little less then five inches; The only likely place' for leakage is around the door . All ovens manufactured today are required to meet faderid, leakage standards of one milliwatt per square cennaiieiir upon manufacture and five mtUiwatte per square centimetar for die life of the oven. The leas of the eye,is the organ of greatest concern with respect.u harrato people exposed u microwaves. --Cond. from text I ENVIRONMENTAL! PROBLE31S I Device for Measuring the Size of Sulfuric Acid Mist Parades . J. Kepcxynaki and J. Gaaiorek. Air Conservation U3): 23-33. 1973.' 8 refs. The construcnoa and principle of operation are discussed of a device for measuring the size of sulfuric acid mist particles. The method of taking measurements and method of analytical deter mination art given. The results of testing.the .device under laboratory and commercial condi tions are presented. --Author's abat.. 33 01 133 241" Industrial Hygiene Digest .'j.-.e 798/73 799/73 800/75 801/75 Simultaneous Total Cxiaant and Chemiluminescent Ozone Measurements :r. Amcien: A;r R.K. Severs. Air Pollution Control Assn. 5: 394-396. April 1373. ;4 re:s. * The purpose of this project was to investigate me reiauensmp of imoient at.- quanty -easi.re.Ter.ts between two analytical methods, referred to as me tocai oxicant metnoo ana the cr.es:.umtr.escer.t method. These two well documented analytical methods were run simuitaneously. sice ay sice, at a sate on the Houston ship channel. They were caiibrated daily. The hourly averages were analysed by regression techniques and the confidence intervals were eaicuiatec tor me regression lines. Confidence intervals for point estimates were also calculated. These metnoos were .sec with all data sets with values greater man 10 parts per billion and again with values greater man 30 parts per billion. A regression line was also calculated for a second set of cata lor me pre ceding year. These data were generated before a chromium tnoxide scruooer was insta..ec to eliminate possible chemical interferences with me KJ method. The results snow tnat m general me chemiluminescent ozone method tends to produce values as much as two times fugner than me simultaneous total oxidant values. In one set of data collected an 80 ppb chemiluminescent c:cne value predicted a value of 43.9 ppb total oxidant with a 931 confidence interval of 7 T to 30 -ippo In the second set of data an 80 ppD chemiluminescent ozone value predicted a vaiue of T9 ppo iota, oxidant with a 931 confidence interval of 0.4 to 136 ppb. Other statistical analyses confmr.ea mat either measurement was a very poor predictor of me other. --Author's abst. Materials on me Hygienic Evaluation of Spacing Industrial Buildings of Chemical Plants V.A. Russkikh, et ai. Gig. Truda Prof. Zaooievaaiyt il): 3-11. 1973. Bret's. iRusstam Ths atmospheric environment around plants engaged in procuenon of organophosphorous enemi es! poisons, plexiglass and rntthylmemacrylacs. as wti! as utilization of ethylmereaptan unaerwer.t hygienic investigations for pollution. Causes and sources responsible for me release of noxious substances into the atmosphere and me features prominent m laying out and aeration of the terri tory were studied. Note is taJcen of me role played by bulk discharges into ms atmosphere and of the extend and frequency of iu pollution. Hygienic assessment of me spacing oetween indus trial buildings is given and it la recommended mat thia factor be taken into account involving issues mat concern me building density of ms territory m projecting new analogous plants. --Author's Summary in 1: gush Air Sampling and Monitoring--Saaic Measurement Techniques and Systems for Point Sources. P.N. Cheremisuioff. et ai. Plant Engineering 29: 237-238. n-ni 17. 1973. Atmoephertc surveillance and monitoring (the syetemauc collection and evaluation of lerometnc data) yield information concerning emissions and concentrations of pollutants. Data provided cy a reliable air surveillance system determine me degree of pollution control that may be neeaed . The fundamentals and techniques of air sampls collection were discussed in an earlier arucie Sasic messurement approaches and systems art described in this article. The moat exact ana efficient method for measuring atmospheric emissions is source sampling and monitoring How ever. it is also me most difficult and costly to use. Source testing is used to measure emissions from a specific point source--a stack, for example. Four methods are commonly useo. These are bnefiy illustrated. --Cond. from text 1 PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING | Evaluating the Effects of Dirt on HID Luminaires. A.C. McNamara and A. Willingham. Plant Engineering 2: 206-214, April 17. 1975. Because the lighting system ij the plant's moat visible consumer of energy, plant engineers everywhere are under increasing pressure to cut back an use of lighting energy. In some plants, every nth luminaire is arbitrarily removed from service as an energy conservation measure. Yet, in many plants, dirt depreciation baa already cut lighting levels by as muen as 30 percent of design specifications. Three (actors contnbuta most to s slow, but inevitable, deterioration of output from a lighting system: Lamp lumen output decreases with lamp burn ing hours: Luminaires and lamps get dirty: Interior walls, ceilings, fioors. and other re flecting surfaces get dirty. Moat studies on dirt depreciation m lighting were performed be tween 1933 and 1983. For the moat pan. then, combating lighting system din depreciauon is not a matter of developing new techniques, but essentially involves dusting off old information and adapting it to today's lighting equipment. --Cond. from text 01 133 2419 33  -i laduwul Hvnwn Diwt Junt '.975 , 806/73 607/73 808/73 809/73 how do w assure them salary and health at.work while protecting them from further ;oo diacrtmi- ; nanoa? la tne iaat decade , many of the barriers to equal employment for woman have coma turn* 1 bliag down. The biggtat breakthrough was paaaaga of th 1964 Civil Right* Act. T:L* v:i of which prohibiu diecnmiaanon baaed ah sex., a* wall aa.on race, color. reiigion. and national origin. The law dearly givas woman the right to bt considered for ;abs on an equal basis with ; mea. But it also gives them the dubious right to share a whole host of occupational hatards. As woman move into, the construction trades and into a wider range of industrial jobs. they too must j contend with asbestos, allies, carbon monoxide, lead, and other common health hatards--as well ; as with new chemicals about which even less in known. Clearly, industry, labor, and government I must recognize the growing importance of women m the nation's labor force. There' is a crying 1 need for more information about women as an occupsnoaal group and especially about the tera- i togeuc and mutagenic effects of new substances being introduced .into the workplace every year. But the sure eurie, as many see it. is adequste protection for all workers. --Cond. from text Would New Federal Workmen's Como Standards Bring a Hood of Occupational Disease Claims!* Anon. , Occup. Hazards Executive Report: 27*30. Spring 1973. : I Present indications are that s Federal workmen's compensation standards bill would require com pensating authorities to stake suailar presumptions about other occupational diaeaaea in eaaee wnere j medical evidence mdieated a conneeuon between the diseases and certain job or industries.. For ex ample . insulation workers who worked with asbestos might be presumed to be suffering job-relatec | dieses# if.they developed asbestoses after 10 or 19 years on tbe job; foundry workers or glass , makers who developed silicosis after years on the job might be presumed to have an occupauonsl disease. These are. of course. only examples. :At presstime no Federal standards bill bad yet been submitted. There are. however, .several likely candidates far inclusion m the occupauonsl disease coverage provisions, id addition to the diseases named: berylliosis (for beryllium workers;. byaainosia (workers m cotton axal* plants), taicosts (anyone exposed to tale in tbe paint, rubber. j paper, or other Induscnee). angiosareoms of the liver (workers exposed to vinyl chloride). and lung.cancer tfbr oaks oven workers m .the steel industry). Retroacnvity of benefits is another ! feature of the BUek.Luag Benefits Act chat may find its way into Federal minimum standards legis* j lanon. Ths Black Lung Act extends benefits to miners who stopped working in tbe mines before > December 30. 1969. the day the law was enacted. --Cond. from text t I SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION I Industrial Survey of Lost Time Injuries. D.F. Jones. Am. (ad. Hyg. Assn. J. 36 : 299-302. j April 1973 . 3 refs. j An attempt to discover factors affecting lost time injuries under varying government programs 1 involved visits to a sampling of industries in six. provinces sad six nates. The resulting ob servations are used to illustrate some variables, many of which have previously been ignored, but which must be considered in any objective study of man at work. --Author's abet., Britain's Safety Record Good. Anon. Uecup. Health 27: 133. April 1973. j la industry international comparisons show that the UK bee a good reoord on safety. In the five industries considered by the OHE. mining and quarrying, coal mining, manufacturing, construe* non. and railways, the UK had a below average death rate among countries providing comparable data. In two industries--mining and quarrying, and railways--Britain had the lowest death rate. j Industrial accidents in Britain accounted fair 823 deaths tn 1973 compared with t.170 in 1963. `--Cond. from text ; Dock Areas--Potential Hazards. Anon. National Safety News 111. 71. April 1973. ! Baaed merely on volume of activity, receiving and shipping docks are potentially one of the more accident-prone erase .in any plant. Shipping u the'first and last link in the materials handling chain. First, to.receiving raw metarule, parts. and other goods necessary to produce a product or to provide a service. And lastly . m channeling finished goods out into tho marketplace. j Hence, the shipping area's role m a company's safety effort is doubly important. These high* j traffic work areas srs subject to slippery floors, debris, and fumes. One way ail can be con* , trolled is through the use of special doek shelters. --Cond . from text ' j 01 133 2421 1 Industrial Hygiene Digest 814/75 815/75 816/75 817/75 818/73 Analysis of a Non-Crosslanitec . Water Sotucle A men Excna.-.ge Resin -e Ptss.c.e Presence of Parra Per Hiiiion ,,evei of Sis iChic.-cmetr.y. -r.e: . - Tou . e: a. Am Hyg. Assn. J. 3. 374-378. .May 1375. 3 -e:'s. No evidence was found for the presence of bis-cmoromet.nyi ether .'bis-CMS: ,,-i :.-.e resir. a: :.-.e detection limit ^10 ppo with use of the nollow fioer prcoe-mass spectrometric technique The kinetic dau indicate chat bi*-CM hydrolyzes rapidly and. therefore, cannot exist in any ex tended period of time m the resin solution. --Author s aost. Determination of Chioromethyl Methyl Ether and Sis-Chloromcthyi Sther m Air a: t.-.e Part per Billion Levei ov Gas-Liouia Chrematograanv S.A. so.cmon ana G.i. m..os. Anaiyocai Chemistry 47: 955-957 , May 1975. 11 refs. The need to measure airborne concentrations of CMME and bis-CME was dictated by the reportes toxicological properties of the compounds, particularly bis-CME whien is a known carcinogen 11 the 100 pans per billion level m air. At this concentration, the human sensory system car.r.ct it- teet these compounds. In the interest of personnel safety, analytical proceaures are requireo which have sufficient specificity and are sensitive to lesa than 1 ppb. Gas cnromatograpmc-m.ass spectrometnc procedures have been snown to meet both the specificity and senmavuy require ments for the analysis. However, the technique requires sophisticated instrumentation that does not lend itself conveniently to on-site plant analysis. Therefore, gas chromatographic ap proaches have been studied in an attempt to develop a procedure that would be appiicaoie to me on-site monitoring of environmental air. The use of derivatives ui gas chromstograpny as a means of improving analyses is a common practice. A novel derivative procedure is described which stabilizes CMME and bis-CME while significantly increasing the detector sensitivity: thus enabling the detection of these compounds at the part per billion level. High sensitivity is re quired since 1 v ppb corresponds to 3.3 ng/1. and 4.7 ng/1. of air for CMME and bis-CME. respectively, as calculated from the Ideal Gas Law. --Author's abst. Microdetermination of Cadmium and Lead in Whole Blood bv nameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Carbon-Tube and Carbon-Cup as Samoie Cell and Comparison wun Flame Studies . F.D. Postaa. et ai. Analytical Chemistry 47^ 334-838. May 1975. 33 rets Determinanon of cadmium and lead m whole blood at a concentration level of 1 ppb and 100 ppo respectively, was performed by flameless and flame atomic acsorption spectropnoiometry For the flame, a routine analysis procedure was used. In the case of flameless atomic aosorption. carbon-tube and carbon-cup were used as sample cell for lean and cadmium, respectively A method of direct analysis, requiring a total sample volume of 50 ai or less, was deveiapea Re gression analysis has been applied to the calibration curves and conndence intervals were cal culated, providing a constant index of precision. The analytical results obtained with both flame- less and flame atomic absorption were compared and evaluated. --Author's abst. The Use of Activated Carbon for Sampling Industrial Environs. C.L. Fraust. Am. tna. Hyg Assn. J. 38: 278-284, April 1975. 12 refs. This paper describes techniques employed ac a large semiconductor manufacturing plant to analyze for organic contaminants in production areaa. Activated carbon was employed in tne sampling procedure as the collection medium. Vapors of a number of common industrial sou mix were absorbed and collected on the activated carbon surface at concentrations in the ppm .md sub- ppm range. Analyses ol Hie collected samples, stripped trom the carbon surfaces with carbon disulfide, were performed by gas chromatography using a number ui uillerrnt column pacK.ncs Also discussed is work earned out using a gas rnromatograpn-muss spectrometer system to separate and then identify individual constituents. Other related applications of activated iar- bon sampling are alao reported. --Author's abst. Determination of i-tjuartz in Atmospheric Dust: A t'ornuanson between Infrared `ipcctr.'fptri and \-ltav Uufraction Techniques. A. Mangiu. Analytical Chemistry 47 927-929. May 1973. 8 rets. With reference to the problem 01 the determination 01 i-quartz in atmospheric Oust, the results of a inniparibon between 111 .spectrometry and x-ray diffraction are reported. Tins comparison has been made with me .uni ol veiiiytng the possibility ot the uss ei lit spectrometry instead 01 the more expensive x-ray diffraction technique. tK determinations m quattz have alreso> oeen reported by several authors, even .r. the atmospheric dust, and the problems of the eifertx 01 the 39 <14 2423 4 Industrial Hvgrn Die*** June 1979 INDEX niast cleaning, health and safety criteria Oermatitis . 777/75, C from industrial solvents Accidents lost time survey shipping docks Acetone, intoxication Activated caroon. for in-olant sampling .C * poison-oak r'1 SI'I! ' Oruq . f?; ,5 aerosols, occupational disease 741/75' treatment ; 817/75 allergy Air Oust I pollution (bk) duality measurements \ "r 707/75> 800/75 computing fallout control scrubber,, construction and operation of ozone, in anoient air 798/75 ! exposure, method of determination sample collection techniques 797/75 ; sample measurement ' Alconolic beverages. physiological effects 753/75 ( Asoestos aosorption properties of cytotoxic action on macrophaqes Asbestosis 775/75. ' 774/75. : 772/75 , Electrical injuries , Enemy conservation Enzymes, proteolytic, histamine release diffusion abnormalitios ...* 773/75 "*, Ethylene.glycol, poisoning Atherosclerosis, prevention program 712/75 Auditory evoked response, gasoline intoxication (rats) . 744/75 ; & study federal fire Prevention Control Act FlawBMle liquids, fire code ibk) Benzene anemia (rMbits) 743/75 Flax dust, worxer exposure (Egypt) Fiuonon. norma 1 values, urino (Japan) effect on leucocytes Bis(chloromethvl) ether 745/75 FTuorocanions,, hospital exposure detection, gas chromatography 813/75 determination, in air 815/75 Gasoline, intoxication (rau) hydrolysis in resin solution, analysis of Book 8W75 environmental pollution 707/75 ; Health services, employee national fire codes 705/75 . Heart disease 0SHA digests, general and construction 708/75 > pulmonary insufficiency radiation accidents , safety and health guide, auto shops Bronchitis, chronic, in foundry workers Bums, frca car heater* 706/75 709/75 716/75 738/75 ' rayon plant workers ,'S Heat stress sedentary worker limits standard - Histamine, enzyme exposure Cadmiim ! Humidity* himian factors metal lothionem, liver protection (rats) . 762/75 mi erode termi nation in blood 816/75 ;Injury, industrial, treatment normal values, urine (Japan) .755/75 Instrunentation subacute poisoning studies (rabbits) Cancer, mortality study (Japan) Caroon ' 761/75 720/75 1 buyers guide J for plant air systems Isocyanates, measurement in,air black, workroom concentrations (Russia) disulfide 776/75 action on central nervous system heart disease, rayon workers 768/75 711/75! Lead *'. *"T0DW) activity, non occupational viscose fiber plant study monoxide 710/75 ;,v `-.exposure.. ... exposure, glass factory workers* electrocardiographic Study poisoning, blood yoltaae changes Carooxynemoglobin. in nonsmokers Chemical plants, atmospheric environment of Chlorometnyl methyl ether, determination in air Chloroprene. carcinogenicity Cholinesterase, method for, in blood, temperature effects Cotton dust, study on workers 765/75 766/75 767/75 799/75 815/75 749/75 819/75 769/75 hazard to hoobyists ' microdetermination in-blood ; normal values, urine (Japan) ("poisoning, treatment quality control, blood and urine * safe exposure levels Leukemia, solvent exposure, rubber > workers Lift trucks, safety features Low back pain manual lilting. 736/(75 737/75 726/75 734/75 795/75 793/75 778/75 794/75 788/75 779/75 714/75 750/75 t 730/75! 810/75! 705/75' 770/75, 755/75 * 748/75 i t 744/75 722/75 713/75 711/75 781/75 782/7S 714/75 780/75 721/75 784/75 802/7S 747/75 758/75 757/75 760/75 816/75 755/75 727/75 759/75 756/75 740/75 812/75 728/75 729/75 01 133 2425 41 ADDRESSES OF Z'JRNALS an v'. i. A;-- ve Mana':-ren; iey*'-.;icA i i is ter ruo. 51 MaSison Avenue `lew Yorx, N.Y. 10010 At. Ind. uvc. Assn. I. A.rer'can I nous tr* a. -ygi ere Association Journal Business Office 56 3. Mi 1ler Road Aicrcn, Ohio 44313 Am. J. Epidemiol. American Journalof Eoidemiology 613 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore, Md. 21205 Am, J. ^ed. American Journal of Meai ci ne 666 ?ffth Avenue New fork. N.Y. 10013 Am. `'ed. lews American Meai cal News American Medical Assn. 535 M. Oearsom Street Chicago, 111. 60610 Aral. Chent. Analytical Chemi s try 1155 'Ccn Street, N.w. ..'asmngtan, O.C. 2C036 Ann. C;;, Uyq, Anna is of Jccuoationa1 iy; i ene :ergaron P-ess Maxwell Mouse rairview Park Simsfora, N.Y. 10523 Arch, Ccr-atol. Arcnives of Dermatology 535 N. Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60610 Aren. Envirorm. Health Arcnives of environmental Health 535 N. Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60610 Aren, Internal Med. Arcnives of Internal Medi ci ne 325 N. Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60610 Arrjv >-iq. Rada ~eks. Armv Za mgijenu Rada I Toksikolcgiju Institut za Medicinska istrazivanja i Meat emu Rada Mose Pi jade 158 Zagreb, Yugoslavia ASTM Stanea-iizav.cn n*s American Society r:r Testing and Materials 1316 Race Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 .ivirzrrfr.m .-iea.;n Lsttsr 1C97 National Press 3!dg. Washington, 3.C. ZCCC4 *l^a i ,q] ` S-cen-tsr'.ce": :r J.S. Scvt. p-- -r :i Washington, 3.3. "a;: Sri*. J. Ind. Med. Brmsn journal or Industrial Medicine Tavrstock Square London, WC1H SDR, England 3Ht. Hed. 3. Sritisn Medical Journal Tavistock Square London, WC1H 9JR England Bull, of Arthur P. Little. Inc. Arthur 0. Little, Inc. Acorn Park Carneridge. Mass. 02140 Cahiers des Comites de Prevention ou Batiment et oes Travaux Publics 2 bis, Rue Micnelet 92-Issy-les-Moulin*aux France Can, Med. Assn, J, Canaaian Medical Association Journal C.M.A. House Box 8650 Ottawa, Ontario. KTG 0S8 Canada Chem. Eng. News Chemical 4 Engine*rlng News 1155 16th St., N.W. Washington, O.C. 20036 Chest American College of Chest Physicians 112 E. Chestnut Street Chicago. 111. 60611 dvi-jm. Res. Environmental Research Acaoemic Press, Inc. Ill Fifth Avenue New York, N.T. 1CC03 Envirenm. Sci. ~";crrol. Environmental Science k Technology American Chemical Soc. 1155 16th St.. N.W. Washington. 3.C. ZC035 Excemta Me'-cs (SecT 35}---------335 Jan va- Galenstraat Amsterdam The Nether mds Federal Rec iter Suoermtenc - it of Oocunents ll.S. Goverr"nt Printing Office Washington, :.C. 20402 Human Fact" The Jonns .ins U. Press Homewood Ca. us Baltimore, .a. 21718 Indiana State Board o Heal tn sul letin Indiana State Board of Health 1330 W. Michigan St. Indianaoolis, Ind. 46206 Industrial Health National institute of Industrial Health 2051 Kizukistniyoshi-cho Nakahara-ku Kawasaki, Japan Business r-.o -S'S'S, P.O. Bex 1067 31 at - Station Silver Soring, `4i. ZZz'Z J. A'- y . ::-t-t~ Journal or too ~ tion Control is::i:f:* 4400 Fi'tr. 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Health Japanese Journal of Industrial Health Japan Association of Industrial Health c/o Public Health Bldg. 78 iianazono-Cho Shinyuxu-ku, Tokyo 160 Japan J Soc. Occ. ''it. The -auma i c* :ne joe at/ o* Cccuoaticral '':oif'e Jcnr. .ngr.t ana ions _*0 4Z-AA ''angle ,est Bristol 353 !E.( ng: ms Lanc*t 31 .aacon Street Boston, .'lass. C21C6 Have C`inic a>it;:i'"i Mayc fa-ncatton Roan 1042. Planner 31c;. Rochester, Minn. 55-01 01 133 2427 EXTENOED RESEARCH PROJECTS Experience Has shown that a collective approach to occupational health research.by a group 0/ industries is often more effective than duplicating individual efforts. Sharing support of research and the information gained results in better, more timely technical knowledge. I 1 ' t . Hp conducts long-term studies on: I. e Chronic Toxicity of Industrial and Cons uner Products e Epidemiology in Industrial Population Groups to determine possible effects of exposure to various materials e Effects of Environmental Conditions in the Work Place, including excessive heat and noxious, gases or dusts e Medical Evaluation of Occupational Health Oata such as chest x-rays and biological tests . , .Sane past projects: e Incidence of Lung Cancer in Asbestos Mining e Incidence Rates of Silicosis in Certain Industries e Radiant Heat Problems in the Glass Industry e Air Pollution Measurements in an Urban Ccnaunity e Toxicity of Fluorescent lamp Phosphors , e Chronic Pulmonary Effects .of Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide, and of Fibrous dusts e Incidence and Cause of Respiratory Problems in the Cotton Textile Industry - - For assistance with similar problem, contact Industrial Health Foimdation. 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa.: 15232 (412) 687-2100 01 133 2429 01 13^ 2430