Document 0JJrNGjxror6VKGjVnMgkV4BM

'tl S* etpoetr* In Vltterh Monsanto Moniento Aoitrallt Limited Call Tower Prince* Oata 151 Fllndad Straat Melbourne Potl/ Box 4077 Melt Exchange Melbourne Victoria 3001 AAona 084-4333 T*U* 3Q-2BB Ttltprgmt 'Moniaoio' Milboumo 30th March, 1972. The Manager, Wilson Electric Transformer Co. Pty. Ltd., 310 Springvale Road, GLEN WAVER1EX 3150, Vio. Dear Sir, ' '' As you havo probably heard, Monsanto is engagod in a volun tary program to limit sales of products containing poly chlorinated biphenyls to uses as a dielectric in manufacture of transformers and capacitors from which escape of PCB's to the environment can be prevented by our customers. This action has been taken because of Monsanto's concern about certain studies v.hich indicate FOB's may be accumulating in the environment, and in some instances, have been found in food or in the food, chain. As a purchaser of PCB-ccntaining products, we feel certain you are aware of the interest and concern being demonstrated around the world by scientists about this problem. Nevertheless, we call to your special attention the attached article on PCB's by Carl G. Gustofcor. of the United States Federal Water- Quality Administration appearing in "Environmental Science and Technology". We believe if you are fully advised of the potential problems associated with the continued use of FCB-ccntaining products (in these applications) you can, by the exercise of care and appropriate cautionary warnings to your customers, and the oxercise of care on their part, assure that PCB's purchased oy you do not escape into the environment. Monsanto would like to continue to sell you its FCB-containing products for use a3 a dielectric fluid cu 3 to normal sales 2/ MQhlS tiU3 5 v . Pane P- 50th March. 1C)72. Conditions, but must make such sales subject to the under takings requested below. You will appreciate that we must also reserve the right to change our sales policy ns additional facts may become known about PCB's. The undertakings with which we would request you to agree are as follows: 1. You agree to use Monsanto's PCB-containing products only , as dielectric fluids in capacitors and transformers. 2. You acknowledge that you have been advised by us of and that you are aware of the potential harm to the environ ment and to food and the food chain by the escape of PCB's into the environment. 3. You agree to take all care in handling use and disposal of PCB's to ensure they do not enter the environment and to so advise your customers. 4. You acknowledge receipt of the attached handling pre` cautions for Monsanto's PCB-containing producta. 5. You agree to notify your customers of the hazards of PCB's. If you agree to the above, would you kindly sign and return to us the enclosed duplicate of t.his. letter where indicated. To enable us to give you satisfactory servicing on your future orders, your prompt reply would be appreciated. Yloouurrss fxaaiitnhifiuuliliyy, MONSANTO AUSTRALIA LIMITED. Enos. /C x ecv T> V/." MONS 081238 Physical Properties f 7l.ARvOCLORvS AROCLOR#1242 AROCLOR * 1262 AROCLOR * 1248 AROCLOR * 1269 AROCLOR#l254 AROCLOR * 4465 AROCLOR * 2565 Mann/actMrcd by MoniutD Uitminl Lompany Vr.LautB.lI.IJL N*w Vfrrfr Rnunn n>lnpn Tan Francisco Claraland--Birmingham---Montreal--London Attachment 3-^ HONS 0ai37 The zAroclors THE Aroclors have won a prominent place in the field of syn thetics with unique properties to fill requirements not met quite perfectly by materials heretofore available. They have found wide usefulness in fields where their properties are of especial value. Following is a description of the properties of seven Aroclors, each of which is representative of a series. There are other Aroclors with slightly different characteristics in each of these series. A study of this brief description will suggest means of em ploying the Aroclor in perfecting still other products, develop ment of which has been delayed by the lack of a material that exactly fulfills particular requirements. zA Description of the Aroclors The Aroclors vary from water-white mobile oils and pale yellow viscous oils to light amber resins and opaque crystalline solids. For each of these light-colored Aroclors there is a cor responding gray or brown-black grade. The Aroclors are produced exclusively by Monsanto Chem ical Company. Non-Flammability The viscous Aroclor oils and the resins do not support com bustion when heated alone even at their boiling points--tempera tures above 350C. Most of the Aroclors flux readily with resin ous and pitch-like materials to give a product having a decreased fire hazard. When incorporated in nitrocellulose films the Aro clors retard the rate of burning. HONS 081238 Electrical Properties The Aroclors have extremely interesting electrical character istics; high dielectric constant, resistivity and dielectric strength, and low power factor. Solubility The Aroclor oils and resins are easily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. The hard crystalline materials are in general less soluble than the Aroclor oils or resins. All Aroclors are insoluble in water. For more complete informa tion see the attached table. Compatibility data on Aroclors in nitrocellulose lacquers will be sent on request. Adhesiveness The Aroclor resins adhere strongly to smooth surfaces -- to glass and metal or to smooth varnished or lacquered surfaces. The softer Aroclors are suggested for difficult adhesive prob lems where a flexible non-drying waterproof material is necessary. The Aroclor adhesives are thermoplastic; are readily applied hot without solvent; do not require high temperatures for easy application, and arc set immediately upon cooling. Thermoplasticity The Aroclors are permanently thermoplastic. They appar ently undergo no condensation or hardening upon repeated melt ing and cooling. The clear Aroclor resins are now being pro duced with softening points up to 110C. The opaque crystalline solids are produced with initial melting points up to approxi mately 180C. Non-Drying Properties The Aroclors arc non-drying, and when they are exposed to the air, even in thin films, no noticeable oxidation or hardening takes place. However, when used as ingredients of lacquers, they do not retard the rate of drying of the lacquer films. Quick drying varnishes and paints may be made with Aroclor resins. Vaporization Loss The Aroclors have low vaporization losses as shown in the data in the table of physical properties. HONS 081239 Table of Physical Properties of the cjfrodors Description (at room temperature) Color (1" depth of Arodor)-- Lomband yellow No. 510 Poor Point C.. (A. S. T. M. Method) Sofiouf Point *C.; (A. S. T M.) Initial Hold Point in Freezing Curve (C.) Conddioa at 0C. Aaucua 1S4S PractacaBy WaterWlme Mobile Oil 0.1 to 0.5 --17.7to--80.T Aaocum 1148 Practkaly WaterWhite Mobile CM 0.1 to 0.6 --9 Axocui 13*4 Pale Ydfcw Viacom Oil 0.* ta 1.0 8.0 to 116 Viscous Liquid Viscoua Liquid 'Soft Sticky Resin Dualling Range (C; A. S- T M. Method) 311 to 356 330 to 350 359 u 381 Specific Gravity At WC/W'C Per Cent increase in Volume Upon Healing from M*C to temperature specified Approximate Average coefficient of Expansion over range specified (cc./cc./*C.) Pounds per Gallon at 95C. (Average) Deans! Part of Gallon Balked by One Pound 1.374 to 1393 371 *4* to 4C. 0.009678 35 to 4*C 11.50 0.0009 1.44* to 1.4*6 34 to 65*C.--3.88% 35 to 8*#C.--18.**% 0.000709 M* to 6**C. it.oo 00099 1.648 to 1.650 3*4 36* to 6**C. *.90*661 U to ***G 13J6 0.0778 Viscosity (Seconds Saybote) at 210*F. 34.0 to 34.6 36.0 to 37 0 46.9 to 47.7 Viscosity (Seconds Saybolt) at 100*F. Flash Pouu *C , (Cleveland Open Cup) Fire Point *C. (Cleveland Open Cup) Refractive Index for D-Lute at 90G Maximum Acidity (Milligrams KOH per Gram) Per Cent Loss on Heating (A S T M ) 81.1 to 93.1 176 to 100 334 to None at Boiling Point of Liq* :d i <97 to 1.639 0.01 3 04 to 3 64 300.0 to 310.0 106 None 1.630 to 1.631 001 3 0 to 4 0 1800 tq 3400 He K Ns K 1 6407 to 1.6410 0 51 1 06 to 1 36 Aaonoa 1963 Aaocum 1969 Aaocum 4465 Light VeUow Soft Sticky Gear Resin Cream-Colored Opaque Hard CryrtiBiae Solid Pak Amber Transparent Rena Aaocum 3565 Broun Black Opaque Resin 0.6 to 1.9 34.9 to 38 4 Hard Brittle Rtsa 373 to 404 4.3 to 6 4 93* to 94* Saw as at Room Temperature Too High for A. S. T.M. Method; Can Be Distilled at Atmospheric Pressure 60 10 66 Same as at Room Temperature Too High for A. S. T. M. Method; Requires Yacamn tor Disulatioo 68 to 73 Same as at Room Temperature Too High lor A. & T. M. Method; Requires Vacuum for Distillation 1644 to 1.6*3 4.16 36* to 96C 9.090640 16* to 90*C. 13.71 0.0799 90.0 to 103.9 None None 1.6*01 to 1.6*17 1.87* to 1876 15 60 .0641 Sobd Solid None None 1.719 to 1.793 1.793 to 1.740 345 35 to 65*C. 268 35 to 65 C. 4.000411 35* to 6C*C. 0 060656 15 to 65C 14.98 14.41 00700 0.0693 Too Viscous to Too Viscous to Determine rik Saybolt Ckteruiine with Saybolt Apparatus Apparatus None None 1 664 to 1.667 None None 09 6.4* to OSd 0 10 to 0.10 003 0 13 to 6 39 1 Mi 0 21 to 0 14 HONS oaii^o Toxicity Experimental work in animals shows that prolonged exposure co Aroclor vapors evolved at high temperatures or by repeated oral ingestion will lead to systemic toxic effects. Repeated bodily contact with the liquid Aroclors may lead to an acne-form skin eruption. Suitable draft ventilation to control the vapors evolved at ele vated temperatures, as well as protection by suitable garments from extensive bodily contact with the liquid Aroclors, should prevent any untoward effect. Odor and Taste The solid Aroclor resins are almost without odor and taste at ordinary temperatures. Stability The Aroclors are remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. They are not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Because of their sta bility to heat, the Aroclors are useful heat-transfer media. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 are recom mended for this purpose because they may be heated at tempera ture up to 32SC. (617F.) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition and are at the same time non flammable. Action on Metals The Aroclors are non-corrosive. Mild steel exposed to the action of Aroclor 1254 or Aroclor 1248 in a closed system at 325"C. (617"F.) for 848 hours showed no pitting and the corrosion rate, as measured in inches of penetration per year, was 0.0021. Water and Moisture Proofness The Aroclors are water proof. When impregnated into porous rigid bodies they are effective water and moisture proofers. Special Aroclor compounds are available for moisture-proofing such articles as paper and radio resistors and for water-proofing articles such as abrasive wheels. Aroclor... Aroclor Aroclor.. Aroclor... Aroclor.. Aroclor... Aroclor.. STANDARD CONTAINERS ^ Drumj 1248 500lbs.net 1248 5001ba.net 1254 5001ba.net 1262 5001ba.net 4465 500 lbs. net 2565--drums, 395 lbs. to 426 lb*, net. 1269--bags, 200 Iba. net. barrels, 400 Iba. net. HONS 081241 Solubility of the Aroclors In Various Solvents (Figure* Represent Grams of Arodor per 100 cc. Solvent) Typi or Solvent Aroclor 1243 Cold Hot Chloro Derivatives Chloroform.--..................... .......s* Carbon Tetrachloride.......... .......s Ethylene Dichloride............ ....... s Trichloro Ethane....... ....... . ... s Tricholoro Ethylene............ ....... s Tetra Chloro Ethane.......... s Mixed Amyl Chlorides........ ....... s Mono Chlorobenzene........ .. ....... s s* s s s s s s s Cot,n s* s s s s s s s 1254 Hot s* s s s s s s s Ketones Acetone----------------- ------- ____s s ss Aldehydes Formaldehyde (40%)------- ____I* Furfural-- . .......-...............s I* I* I* sss Amines Aniline.-......... -...... --..........- ___ s Pyridine------------------- -------- s 440@W#C. s s 4*J@100"C Drying Oils Tung Oil. __ _____ ..... S s s s Linseed Oil .. . --. s s s s Acid* Acetic Acid............... _____ s sss Oleic Acid________ -- .. . s s s s MissettaneoiM Nitre Benaene------------ ___ s s s Carbon Disulfide. -...... s s s Wrter________________ ________ I II *Noti: S signifies very soluble or miscible in all proportions. I signifies insoluble. P.S. signifies partially soluble. s s I MONS G8U42 Solubility of the <ulroclors In Various Solvents (Figures Represent Grams of Aroclor per 100 cc. Solvent) Tin or Solvent Akoclor 1249 Cold Hot Aroclor 1854 Cold Hot Hydrocarbons Mineral Spirits.-.......................... S* Gasoline.... .......... ..................... S Kerosene...................................... S Paraffin.......... -.......... ................. -- Benzene................ .................... S Toluene....................................... s Xylene............................................ s Turpentine.................................... s Pine Oil.........-......... .... ................ s s* s s S@60"C. s s s s s S* S S -- S s s s s S* s s S@80"C. s s s s s Hydroxy Derivatives Methyl Alcohol 4t.5($39*C. Ethyl Alcohol (Formula 3A)... 23.3<|M*C. Norms! Butyl Alcohol.............. S Amyl Alcohol........ -.................... s Glycerine................ ...................... I* 90% Phenol________ ____ -....... 194@30C. 88.5@80C. 80.0@70'C. s S I s@wc. 15@86"C. 10@87C. s s I P.S.* 28.8@65C 28 @75 "C s S I Slowly Sofu Ethers Ethyl Ether_____ ___ __________ s s s s Cellosolve Acetate................... .. S s s S Ether Alcohols Cellosolve. . ___ __ s Carbitol...............................-........ 234(3)31*C. p-p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether..... 16.9q323*C. s 307@99*C. 19@99C. s 173<j$2C. 8@30C. s 159(5) 98( 10@100'C Esters Castor Oil. __ _i_ S S S s Methyl Acetate............................. s S s s Ethyl Acetate. . ...... s s s s Butyl Acetate_________________ s s s s Amyl Acetate - -- ___ s s s s Ethyl Lactate_________________ s s s s Diethyl Phthalate. .. ... s s s s Dibutyl Phthalate_____________ s s s s Tricresyl Phosphate---------------- s s s s Cotton Seed Oil..... -- s s s s Ethylene Glycol Diacetate_____ s s s s MONS 081243 BULLETIN NO. IC/FF 38R 2 (flevittd Augurt, )976) TRANSFORMER Inspection & Maintenance Guide Monsanto MOWS 061244 9-u TTaiM ff JDDDtolflS SECTION A TRANSFORMER ASKARELS............................................1 I. Introduction.............................................................1 It. Hinory of Trede Nam# Typei................................1 Table i - The Composition of Transformer Askarels ........................................... 2 III. Interchangeability .................................................2 IV. Table II - ONicial Transformer Abtaral Shipping Specifications.........................................3 V. Ordering Instructions ........................................... 2 VI. Stability................................................................... 2 VII. Precautions When Handling Drums, Tank Cars and Whan Opening Transformers.........................2 A. Keep Dry During Handling ............................2 Table (II - Handling and Pumping Temperatures................................... 4 B. Use Ordinary Personal Preceutions .............. 4 C. Precautions on Opening in Askerei Transformer.........................................5 VIII. Avoid Environmental Pollution........................... 5 1. Labeling Askarel Transformers...................... 6 2. Disposal of Liquid and Solid Wastes ........... 6 3. Conditioning of New or Recycled Askarel .6 4. Teerdowh of Transformers for Repair or Scrap .........................................7 5. Transformer Disposal...................................... 7 IX. Expected Service Life........................................... 7 X. General Characteristics of Transformer Askarel Fluid........................................................... 7 XI. Sampling Transformer Adrarel Fluid .................8 XII. Evaluation of Adtarel Received in Nmv Equipment................................................ 8 XIII. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ~ Moieture Relatlondilp........................................... 9 Table IV - Relation of Dielectric Breakdown Voltage to Amount of Dissolved Water in Askarel and Mineral Oil.........................................9 Table V - Approximate Solubility of Water in Transformer Askarel and Mineral Oil .... 10 XIV. Turbidity.............................................................. 10 XV. Cheek Points for Maintaining Adtarel Insulation ...............................................10 A. General Consideration*................................. 10 8. Modern Sealing Procedures ......................... 11 C. The Older Sealing Arrangements..................12 XVI. Periodic Fluid Inspection end ' Whet Checkpoints Meets ....................................12 A. Visual Inspection............................................ 13 8. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage .................... 13 XVII. Inspection Cheeklift............................................ 13 XVIll. Containmotion In Transformers..........................14 Table VI - Effect of Common Insulation Materials on Power Factor and Dielectric Strength...............................................14 Table VII - Effect of Common Insulation Materials on Volume Resistivity of Askarel.............................................................. 14 XIX. ASTM Method for Invest(gatingthe Compatibility of Transformer Insulation and Construction Materials in Askarels............ 15 XX. Rsflning Adtaref for Re*Use...............................15 A. Filtering Through Dry Blotter Paper to Remove Moisture end Extraneous Particles.......................................15 XXI. XXII. Table VIII - Water Removal by Filtering Askarel Through a Paper Press ........................ ig 8. Disposal of Solid Wastes ..............................ig C. Solid Insulation Requiring Drying.............. ig D. Earth Treatment for Maximum Improvement of Power Factor and Volume Resistivity ..................................... ig Table IX -- Effect of Power Factor and Volume Resistivity .........................17 Cleaning Arced Transformers ........................... 17 Sampling Askarel................................................ 17 SECTION B ASKAREL FILLED SWITCHES ANO TERMINAL CHAMBERS ..................................... 19 I. Introduction........................................................ 19 II. Sources of Contamination ................................ 19 III. Sealing Switches and Terminal Chambers... 20 IV. Askarel Used Under Mild Arcing Conditions . 20 V. Maintenance for Adtarel Filled Switches .... 20 VI. Askarel Under Excessive Temperature or Fault Conditions .......................................... 21 SECTION C TOXICITY AND SAFE HANOLING..............................21 I. Inhalation............................................................. 21 II. Skin Contact........................................................ 21 SECTION D ANALYTICAL SERVICES ON TRANSFORMER ASKAREL AVAILABLE FROM MONSANTO ................................22 Types of Analyses Available: ...........................................22 1) Routine Maintenance Check..................................... 22 21 Complete Analysis..................................................... 22 3) Analysis After Earth Refinement ...........................22 SECTION E APPENDICES..................................................................... 23 Appendix A - Askarel Stability and Composition of Arc Formed Gas...................................23 Appendix B - Solubility of Gas tn Transformer Askarels .....................................................23 Appendix C - Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Askerei ................... 23 Appendix O - Comparison of tha Approximate Viscosity in Saybolt Universal Seconds of Transformer Askarals and Mineral Oil...........................24 Appendix E -- The Density of Inerteen 54201 KA 7336*9 and Transformer Pyrenol A13838 *3 .......................................................... 24 Appendix F -- Thermal Conductivity Values of Transformer Pyranol A13838*3................................ 24 Appendix G - Heat Capacity ...........................................24 Apptndix H - Coefficient of Expansion........................ 24 Appendix I -- Fire Resistance.......................................... 24 Appendix J - Seals. Properties and Procurement ............................................................. 25 Appendix K - Caution Label .................................... 25 NOTICE: "Nothing contained herein is to be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with any patent. MONSANTO MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT REFERRED TO, no guarantee of satisfactory results from reliance up* on contained information or recommendations, snd dis claims all liability for any resulting loss or damage." MONS 081245 I. Introduction The term "askarel" as defined by IEEE, ASTM and the National Transformer Electrical Code generally describes a broad dan of fire-resistant* synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insulating liquids widely used in transformers, reactors and accessory equipment ooerated at power Askarel frequencies. Aakarels of various compositional types are in use. (For the / general properties and types see ASTM D-22B3.) Under arcing conditions the gases produced, while consisting of predominantly non-combustible hydrogen chloride, can contain varying amounts of combustible gases depending upon the askarel type. This manual describes the operating characteristics of transformer askarel liquid insulation as manufactured by Monsanto and how it differs from mineral oil. Appropriate handling and disposal procedures - for both scrap askarel liquid and impregnated solid materials are given in accordance with the guidelines recommended by the American National Standards Institute. The information is based on facts gathered by Monsanto over 40 years as a producer of askarel. plus knowledge gained from the experience of transformer manufacturers end users. This guide outlines the maintenance required for askarel fluid in ''modern * transformers end offers suggestions for seeling end maintaining askarel in old units. By following this guide, we believe users will obtain maximum service from askarel insulation with a reasonable minimum of maintenance. If ,. questions arise relating to the designing and building of transformers. *v these should be referred to regular transformer suppliers, , ^` Monsanto gratefully acknowledges the assistance, guidance and the , t contributions of certain data by the following: Edward L Raab - General Electric Or. T. K. 9oet - Westinghouse Electric - . _ _______ History of Trod* Name Typas .. .V- Askarel" is the generic name for the fire-resistant liquid insulation " _' coolant first used by General Electric Company in 1932 for their *.jtfj* Pyranol1 brand name fire-resistant transformers, Westinghouse Electric Corporation uses their brand name. Inertaen.2 , Whatever the trademarked brand, the askarel contains chlorinated biphenyl - one of the best liquid insulations developed by science. This - inert material Is chemically stable, fire-resistant, heat 'table. non-corrosivt, and has high dielectric strength under the operating conditions encountered in transformers. In addition to manufacturing Aroclor* chlorinated biphenyl . Monsanto also mixes this dielectric fluid with chlorobenzenes to produce the presently used Inerteen and Pyranol blends described m Table I. "NOTE; Materiel* designated 'fire resilient' generelly are rio*e difficult to ignite, or once ignited, burn at a tJowtr rte than corrspaonding conventional materials. This term does not mean thet fir* resistant materiel* will not burn However, when properly used, Monsanto's fire resistant ASKAREL FLUIOS are useful In nelomg customers meet their fire sefety reauirementi." tTradwnerk of General Electric Company ^Trademark of Westinghouse Electric Corporation Registered trademark of Monsanto Company -- HONS 081246 <i * ^ * i neravng aska'el transformers - taka every precaution to guard tr.e asvbr-il insolation f;om exposure to high humidity and moist-jie contamination. Keep 5 or 55 gallon drums of askarsl ary. lav stoied drums on tneir sidas with the bung at the highest point from floor to keep water off the drum head (which can be sucked mto the askarel by the drum "breathing"). This precaution it not necessary when drums are stored indoors, which is the ;jr ufer reci piace for storage. To j.ud leakage the drums used for askarel are of heavy construct.on. Sixteen gauge metal is used, with special rim seal and bung construction. The drums should be drained at completely as possible and then flushed twice with kerosene type solvent to remove all of the askarel. Accumulated liquids and washings should be collected and should be incinerated at high temperatures, e.g., about 2000*f. to dastroy the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). See Section A, VIII. Tank cars used to transport askarals are in exclusive service and not used interchangeably for other products. Alt cars must be unloaded through the top (dome fitting) either by pumping or with controlled pressure using dry air or dry nitrogen. If nitrogen has been used for unloading it is necessary to advise the shipper so that when the car returns the nitrogen can bo replaced with dry air before any one may enter the car. If the car is to be unloaded by pumping it will be necessary to use a dryer on the air intake line to remove moisture. All tank cart are fitted with steam coils, which ere available for unloading under extrema low temperature conditions. Convenient handling and pumping temperatures era given in Table III. 8. Ota Ordinary'Personal Precautions: .ill';:,1', Transformer askarel has baen mada, handled, and usad for over 40 ' years, it can be handled safely with recommended precautions. If " accidentally spilled on hands, no serious skin irritation will occur. v-V" However, liquid askarel ha a solvent action {similar, to paint '7^ - TaMaIII ~ Handling and PumpintTamparatiifM '' Product ' Unloading/-*^ - " Handling anB SK^r?: Temperature *C Pyranol A13B3B-3 Inerteen 70-30 Inarteen 100-42 20-55 20-55 35-75 thinnar) on the fats and oils of the skin and prolonged contact may lead to drying and chapping of the skin. In case of contact, wash the skin with soap and water; remove and destroy saturated clothing. Clean up spills with rags, sawdust and absorbent clay. Segregate these items for proper disposal. (See page 6, "Disposal of Liquid and Solid Wastes".) Eye contact may result in painful irritation but no permanent damage to tissues. If askarel gets m the eyes, flush with large amounts of water. As with dii eye first aid, refer to a physician. To relieve irritation, physi cians have usad an opthalmie anesthetic solution as well as opthal* m.c co rvjne acetate solution. Infrequent exoosure to askarel vapors will not cause ill effects. However, prolonged exposure to high vapor concentrations should be avoided. H hot askarel must be handled in a closed or confined area, provide the area with mechanical exhaust vantilstion -- or wear an organic cartridge respirator approved bv m- u s gUfeAU of Mines. C. Precautions On Opening an Askarel Transformer Askarels of various compositional types are used. Under jrcmg conditions the gases produced, while consisting of predominantly non-combustible hydrogen chloride, can yield varying amounts of combustible gases depending upon the askarel t\ oe. Insulation systems incorporating these askare's and ceilulosic or other organic materials may, when arced, produce gaseous mixtures which are moderately flammable. As precaution, such gases should be removed from the askarel bv buobling dry nitrogen through the askarel and flushing the gas space with dry nitrogen before any work is performed on the apparatus. The American Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Guide IEEE Std. 76-1974 gives more detailed instructions and guidanoe "For Acceptance and Maintenance of Transformer Askarel in Eouio* mant". This guide is published by the institute of Electrical & Elec tronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th Street. New York. New York 10017. We recommend that users of askarel transformers refer to mu IEEE document. VIII. Avoid Environmental Pollution Transformer askarels contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which have been used m the United Slates and elsewhere over the pair 40 yaars for many industrial and consumer applications. During tha past stveral yaars avidanca has accumulated to indicate that PC8s are widely dispersed throughout the environment and that thay can have adverse ecological and toxicological affacts. The United States Government's Interdepartmental Task Foret on PCBs, Com-72-10419, in their March 20, 1972 report titled. "Polychlorinated Biphenyls and tha Environment", recommended restricting PCBs to use in capacitors and transformers. This report is distributed by the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia 22151. A document titled, "Guidalirm for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor and Transformar Grada Askarels, Containing Polychlorinated Biphanyta", has bean prepared and is available from the American National Standards Institute, Committee Cl07, 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 1001B. Doeumtnt number is ANSI C107.1-1974. (This guideline Is being revised during 1976. The new edition should bt available 1976/77). The scope, objectives and tha composition of this committee are: ANSI Committee C107 Scope: Procedures and guides for safe use, maintenance and disposal of askarel and askarei-soaked materials used in electrical equipment. Objectives: 1. Source of Technical information and advice for Federal. State, local authorities and all others concerned. 2. Encourage development of suitable disposal facilities and keep all concerned informed. 3. Serve es the advisory group for United States participation in international organizations: CEE. IEC, CIG3E. Composition: Organizations active in or represented by this ANSI committee include. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Electronic Industries Association, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, American Society for Testing end Materials; Electric Light and Power Association; Certified Ballast Manufacturers Association; Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Environmental Affairs; General Services Administration; National MQhS 081248 R r, .... 0- 5ii.-dadi. Department of the Army; Rural =i " Aim "'>:ra; cn; Division of Environmental T\'A American Public Power Association, Water ?0,iu: 0? Federation, Food and Drug Administration; *v31 o'c< F-re Protection Association; Underwriters Laboratories; ,, j ;.r.,s."s of the U.S. Department of Interior. : .. * oerjment excerpts taken from the ANSI Guidelines v.. i-iru'ormjM' !. LABELING ASKAREL TRANSFORMERS (Pg. 16) 4.221 New Transformers. Ail new transformers that centum PCBs shall have a label of adequate durability, permanently and prominently attached to the tank by the manufacturer, given adequate warning and instructions. A suggested label includes the following: CAUTION: The insulating liquid m this transformer contains polychlorinated biphenyls (PC8s). Cara should be taken to prevent entry into the environment In case of malfunction or leaks, consult the instruction manuei or :he manufacturer. 4 2.22 In-Service Transformers. The transformer menufacturer should make available suitable labels with a similar warning as shown in 4.2.2. t for use on existing transformers. 2. DISPOSAL OF L1QUI0 AND SOLID WASTES (Pg. 15) 4.1.6.5.1 General. Disposal of askarels and askare!-soaked materials should be accomplished by means in which there is no significant release of askaral to the environment. At present, dispose! is accomplished by carefully controlled m^ir^ration of liquids and soaked software, and by con trailed landfill burial of apparatus and other hardware from which askaral has been previously drained end washed. Present knowledge indicates that proper incineration must mvofve'e suitable balance between dwell time end temperature in the incineration plus oxygen availability end, finally, suitable scrubbers to remove thei HO that will be formed; for example, 2-second dwell time at' 200TF and 3% excess oxygen in stack gas, or L8 second dwell time at 27CKTF end 2% oxygen in smck gas. These facilities should meet the applicable requirements of the state in which they ere located and should control effluents within the limits eat forth in thia standardV"*'- ' Controlled landfill or deep-noil dlmoeel can be ueed vdtere permitted by federal, state, end local regiledons. r - . The ANSI Guide lists the location* of facHItiet that conform with the above requirements. Monwinto has such an indn* erator at the W. G. Krummrich Plant* Department 831, Sauget, Illinois 62201, where arrangements can be made for scrap eskarel liquid disposal for a modest fee. For disposal of solid scrap a controlled dry )and>ffJf can be used where permitted by Federal, State and local regulations. 3. CONDITIONING OF NEW OR RECYCLED ASKAREL (rg. 16) . 4.21.3,1. Askaral Conditioning equipment. The condi- ion-'g /<"" should be /ocared either in the storage tank area or m me mam transformer manufacturing area for filling w< :h askaral. ' 4.2 t.3.2 Fuller's Earth. Conditioning of new eskarel or >nc;c!ed askaral requires fuller's earth treatment. The spent tinner i earth in cartridges or begs, when replaced, should be allowed to drain thoroughly over drip pens fo remove as ' i::h t'zj'd eskarel as possible. The cartridge units of steel mesh construction should be pieced in the "STEEL CON TAMINATED WITH ASKAREL" container for disposition. Cloth bags filled with fuller's earth should be placed in the 'ZQRAP BURNABLE ASKAREL WASTE" container for disposition. !fr, MONS 0au<,9 4." TEARDOWN OF TRANSFORMERS FOR REPAIR OR SCRAP (Pg. 16) 4.2.1.4.1 Dram ail askarel from ;V umt et^er m'o a holding tank or reuse or into r**e drum `jo^led SCP4? ASKAREL" for disposition, and then allow suthc-ent time for all of the askare/ to dram from core a-'d cons. 4.2.1.4.2 Remove me core and coil assembly from the transformer. Sufficient absorbent ^atera' shrvH ^ "<4'-n on the floor to absorb any askare! f!wd that still dr'-s `-o-- the transformer 4.2.1.4.3 Place all materials <n the accropriate savage containers during the dismantling for later disoosivon. 4.2.1.4.4 A/f used mateneis. including rags, sawdust, tape, etc. regardless of Quantity, shall be out mto the appropriate containers for disposition. 5. TRANSFORMER DISPOSAL (Pg. 17) 4.23.6 The ultimate disposal of an askarelfilled trans former may be accomplished m either of two ways: (1) Complete drainage and dismantling with the proper disposal of the askareI and askare! soaked comoonents js described m 4.1.6. (2) Disposition of askare! transformers by means of iunk or scrap dealers. This should be avoided unless a transformer is first dreined, followed by soaking the interior with a suitable solvent. Accumulated liquids and washings are to be disposed of as described m 4 1.6. IX. Expected Service Life Manufacturer! indicate that properly designed and installed askarel transformers are expected to give trouble-free service for at least 30 years. Since their introduction m 1932. the manufacturers report finding the overall failure rate to be less than 0.5% for all units under test and service conditions. The Edison Electric Institute's report (1956*1968) on their member utilities publishes the failure rate for askarel transformers as 0.13 per hundred banks per year. Mr. Frank M. Clerk, who invented transformer askareli at tha General Electric Company in the early 1930s, made tha highly pertinent comment based on his many years of experience with G.E. Pyranol (askarel type) transformers that - 'The important thing is to keep them dry - otherwise leave them alone" These words of wisdom became especially applicable in more recent years whan welding shut rather than gasketing became the mam method of seeling askarel transformers. These units art sold with the understanding that the liquid is in a normally hermetically closed system. X. General Characteristics of Transformer Askarel Fluid Appreciation of the following characteristics, as given m the IEEE Guide, leads to understanding the reasons for selecting di>ct'<c breakdown voltagt and moisture as the crime practical tests to iudge the quality of transformer askarel fluid. Also, due to fh. characteristics tha power factor of transformer askarel will be normally much higher than tha corresponding values for mineral oil. tn comparison to mineral msuJatmg oil. askarel 's a relatively oo>ar material; i.e.. its molecules are dipoles, free to rotate around their axes and responsive to orientation by electrical forces. Askarel also exhibits a much higher dielectric constant and capacitance than insulating oil. and these differences must be kept in mind when interpreting electrical test data. Because it is refativefy polar, and possesses high solvency power, askarel is much more electrically sensitive than mineral oil to traces of extraneous soluble polar materials, and consequently the cno>ca of MONS QtiUSQ FuI conduction*! materials destined for use in askarel is very critical. This sj-r tr.i:y is = fleeted m th- power lector end resistivity (specific resistance) of the askarel. 11 >s important to note that, with the exception of water, the dielectric breakdown voMage of askarel is not generally adversely affected by many of the soluble polar materials to which its power factor and resistivity ispecdic resistance) are so sensitive. In tact, the dielectric b'ti*down voltage of askarel is somewhat greater than that of ns-."at<ng oil Therefore, the values assigned these dielectric fluids in newly supplied transformers are 30 KV min. and 26 KV min., respectively At with insulating ml. askarel must be kept dry. It can pidc up moisture from exposure to humid atmosphere. Under similar conditions of exposure, askarel can pick up nearly twice as much moisture when measured on a parts per million weight basis. ".TV ' XI. Sampling Transformer Askarel Flukl The following precautions about sampling are quoted from the IEEE Guide. "Representative samples, whether of the complete contents or only parts thereof, are extremely important from the standpoint of evaluation of the quality of the product sampled. Obviously carelen sampling procedure or contamination in the sampling equipment will result in a sample that n not truly representative. This generally laads to erroneous conclusions concerning quality and incurs loss of time, effort, and expanse involved in securing, transporting, and tasting the sample. It n strongly recommended that all of the procedures end precautions outlined in the latest revision of ASTM 0 923 (Sampling Eltcthcal Insulating Liquids) be followed. "Because of the high specific gravity (relative density) of askarel (greeterthah IT #eter arid some other impurities ere most likely to be - found at or naar the surface. The top sample, therefore, is considered to represent the worst condition." ' XII. Evaluation of Askarel Rraivid in Nmv Equipment - Some users of askarel equipment find it desirable to make "as received tests" on ail equipmant. It is quite commonvtp .use the dielectric breakdown voltage test end visual appearance iss vie most significant tests. If suitable equipment and trained personnel are available additional information may be obtained from tho power factor, color, and moisture content tests.- .. In sampling askarel contained in apparatus extreme care must be 3Krcis*d in order to obtain a representative sample. ASTM Method D 923 should be followed. . New equipment with askarel exhibiting the following characteristics is considered acceptable: D'electnc Breakdown Voltage Color Condition Visual Water Content Power Factor at 25* C 30 KV min. 300 max. (Straw color) - Clear 35 ppm max. . ' ASTM Methods 0 877 D 2129 D 1702 O 1533 . 0 924,0 150 'The power factor of askarel taken from new transformers, reactors and accessory equipment can reflect the presence of moisture, dissolved polar compounds, or other contaminants end may vary with the type of equipment from which the sample was taken due to the different ratios of liqukMo-solid insulation and to the high solvency power of the askarel. Given an acceptable water content and dielectric breakdown voltage of the askarel as indicated above, a high power factor seldom impairs the serviceability of the askarel within rather broad limits end is $ MUNS 081251 indicative of the degree oi xtraneojs solaD'e poiar ^aieria present. Recogntjmg the possibility of a wide ranq# of oower 'actors being recorded for askarei in new equipment, t is dtH-culi to establish a single limit which would be acceptable to both suppliers and use's for all applications. However, as a broad guide, power lectors up to about 10% at 25'Cand 60 cycles per second (her;;) dn <iot m general indicate any abnormal contamination providing that the other criteria (water content, dielectric breakoown voltage, etc.i are met. Much higher pov/er factors may indicate excessive contamination or the misapplication of the solid materials used <n manufacture in contact with the askarei and should be investigated. XIII. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage - Moisture Relationship The dielectric breakdown voltage of askarei ts highly sensitive to excess moisture; not sensitive to ordinary dissolved polar materials. While the dielectric breakdown voltage can also be lowered by severe arcing, askarei turns noticeably black or has particles of sooty carbon floating in it if arcing has occurred. Then the transformer should be reared and the askarei replaced. If the dielectric breakdown voltage is checked periodically and decreases significantly -- this indicates moisture pick-up. arcing, or both. When the dielectric breakdown voltage has dropped to 26 KV or lets, an analysis for water is necessary If water is found m excess of 40 ppm at room temperature, its source should be located and corrections made. Whan the moisture content approaches 125 ppm (saturation level at room temperature}, the dielectric breakdown voltage of askarei drops below the value required for efficient insulating. The moisture content should not be allowed to rise over 70 ppm, sampled at operating temperature. If the moisture content is found to be m a satisfactory range and the dielectric breakdown voltage is low, the transformer manufacturer should be consulted. Table IV shows the relationship of dielactric breakdown voltage vs. moisture and Table V indicates the approximate water solubility limits in askarei end mineral oil. ' Table IV Relation of Dielectric Breekdown Voltage to Amount of D ia ' ~ - Water in Askarei and Mineral Oil Water Content {PPM} 0 20 40 60 80 no Askarei 70 KV 55 47 40 38 10 M.n#rd O | SO KV 39 30 36 :2 s HUNS 081252 Table V f pproximate Solubiliry of Water in Transformer Askarel and Mineral Oil Amount of Water (PPM) Dissolved [r. Askarel Mineral Qil 22 :o 4 14 0 32 'C 50 . - 69 30 86 40 104 B 16 28 41 65 94 128 170 8 10 13 20 33 68 85 130 XfV. Turbidity . . may be the visual sign of undissolved water, or my indicate dirt. C'cudtness may also result from cold precipitation of tin tetraphenyf "scavenger" thet wai used in the earlier Pyrenol transformers. This >uvngr begins to come out of solution around 15'f above zero. To rwd.nolva it requires heating to 150-20CPF and agitation. u gh d;?'?ctric breakdown voltaga will quickly indicate that any "j-'bidity present is not moisture; that tha insulating efficiency of the bskjrei is still excellent. However, if the dielectric strength is below 26 nV. moisture should be determined, using the Karl Fischer method IA3TM 01633-60). . diettfcrnc braakdown vo/rage tatt for askaral sarvat primarily as an indicator for moistura. ft is by far tho most important maintanancm last for tramformar atkarat. - -- ' XV. Cluck Points for Maintaining Askaral Inflation V General Considarationt: - Modern askarel tramformeri with welded construction or silicon* or Viton* gaskets (hand holt-cover, switch and tarminal compartment covers) and with properly constructed bushings require little maintenance. With properly constructed trans formers, annual or stmi-annual visual inspection and dielectric ) rejkdown voltage test of the askarel fluid should suffice for routine maintenance checking over many years of service, However, many askaral units were inihalliid in the early 1930s -- before the development of some of the better modem gasketing materials and before improved designs were developed for sealing out moistura. Such aarly units should ba, and can ba, modernized. Leaky or deteriorated geskets should be replaced. If tha askarel has become contaminated, it should ba reconditioned. At the same '.'me, a general clean-up of tha unit and possible refinishing may be desirable. if >t is not convenient to take an old transformer out of service for jencral repairs, leaky gaskets can be scaled temporarily by painting -.er the leaky area with epoxy cement. A lurvey of users indicates a good number of early-built askarel transformers lover 20 years old} are kept in continuous service in c* mi retaliations by the following steps (instead of modernization). Tn* operating units are equipped with compound pressure gauges lor reading pressure above and below atmospheric. Positive *' >f*#m'i' ol 6 I D-j^ont DeNemourt A Company, Inc. pressure is maintained on the thell bv introduc ng -.trcgen n 2 :o 3 pounds above atmcsc^cvc. Regular wp-1"-?- * daily record tne temperature and pressure I* a suduj- ,,-ris.. j C'cp .j noted more nitrogen is introduced and t*e 5s*e*s s'* c-e^ed <**r leaks with soap solution. Leaks are seaiea by applying epp*y cement. Q. Modern Sealing Procedures; Transformer purchasers shnjid specify the `oilowmg modern techniques for sealing: 1. Welding Construction: Covers, radiator connections, switch and terminal housings, instrument connections, ate should be welded. 2. Bushing Connections: A number of bushings have been developed to obtain a proper seal for tne electrical connection through the tank wall. They are classified as follows: \ 1) Welded Type (Bushing flange welded to tank wall) a. Cast resm bushing with a molded seal to th# bushing stud and external stainless steel or copper flanges. b. Roiled flange bushing with the metal to porcelain seal at the cap and flange made by being rolled into grooves in the porcelain over silicone rubber rings. The seal between the cap and stud is made by welding. c. Porcelain nr glass bushings with metal to glass or metal to porcelain seels. 2) Bolted Type (Bolted to tank wall) a. Cast resm bushings wtth either cast or metal flanges containing recessed gasket grooves. b. Porcelain or glass bushings with ftinges containing recessed grooves or gasket stop. The gaskets may be either of rectangular or circular cross section, usually 14 inch thick. Bushings with recessed grooves are suitable to use with cork, cork nitrile rubber combinations or mtnla rubber as wall as gasket materials such as silicone or Viton. 3. Small Site Connections: When not possible to weld, small size connection seals should be made with Flexttallic* stainless steel rings. The surfaces must be machined and parallel. The filler between the steel laminations of the Flexttallic ring should be either silicone or Viton. 4. Gaskets for Hand-Hole Covert: Modern design specified silicone gaskets. Such gaskets must be retained in a groove. The groove preferably is machined into the flange or cover. However, it can also be formed by welding concentric steel strips to the flange or the cover. Generally the gaskets should be 5/16 to 1/2 in. thick for covers, depending on the depth of the groove or stop. A rectangular cross-section is usually used. The silicone mater.al shoo'd be Dow Cor"'ng No. 50 Silastic** or equivalent. This is a low compression material. For best sealing 20-25% compression .< recommended, with ample clearance >n tne groove or step io allow for this compression. No cement is required. With reasonable care removable without damage and is reuseabte. gasket s Silastic 50 is slightly swelled by askare! wo-c* con" bu'-w '-n the tightness of the seal. It is not deteriorated by askarei fluid or vapors. It resists weathering and it is t-er-ralty :tab'" and TrwJamark of Flexitallic Gasket Company *Trdatnrk at Oow Corning MUNS 081^54 fill 1111 ft ot a!! operating temperatures. It is an excellent --38'r'er \C'E. ?3w Corning, f/ diand. Michigan will supply a list of Siiasnc 50 gasket fabricators to all transformer n-^nf*ac;uris or users. They will also furnish technical data. See Appendix J: Seals. Properties end P- retirements. ' T'-*C 3-?' Seil-ng Arrangements; o tv oe ;asr.e:s consist of either cork or cork-nitrile rubber ccmbnir. pns or straight nnrile rubber. * Cork N.tnle Combinations: Covers for the mein tank, -.-t he. es, switch and terminal chambers, relief diaphrams, etc . are held in place by studs welded to the flange or by bolts. The gaskets ere cut with openings and placed over the bolts. Often Shellac (Westinghouse Style No. U60419, or General Electric Company's Glyptal* 1276) is ustd to cement the cork to the flanges. The following is recommended for seeling with the cork -- nitrile rubber combinations; Use Armstrong NC 757 cork-nitrile material or equivalent. The gasket can be cut from a single sheet or by scarfing strips of the material. A convenient method for joining strips is to mjke a Keystone Type joint. For this purpose, Westinghouse, Sharon. Pennsylvania, offers their gasket cutter Style No. 328 8614 G01. (about $15). The joints - and also tht gasket - should be cemented to the flange, using one ot the above cements. Excess cement should not be allowed to reach tht interior of the transformer. ____ After installation and bolting, the outside edge of the gesket should be coated thoroughly with epoxy cement to increase weather resistance. . * * This epoxy cement is e paste to which a curing catalyst is added immediately before use. Typical are: -. a. Epoxy Patch Kit 1-C - - --- . Hysoi Corporation, Oiean, New York ' b. Scotchcast** Resin *4 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company St. Paul, Minnesota .' . . . c. Adhesive A*! and Activator Type B . Armstrong Products Company *' s ' Argonne Road, Warsaw, Indiana d. Adhesive 9860-1, Synthetics Organic Comoany, Cleveland, Ohio, used with activator diethylene triamine (Carbide and Carbon Chemical Company) 2 Slight Nitrile Rubber: When straight nitrile rubber was o' igtnafiy used, invariably the gasket was recessed in a groove, Tmj was to prevent gasket flow and to protect the material jgamst excessive compression. Although this type seal was not cemented, the nitrile rubber gasket is not reuseable. Smc? grooves or stops have already been provided for the n.trii* rubber seel. Silastic 50 can be easily substituted and is recommended. This conforms with modern practice. aVI. Periodic Fluid Inspection and What Checkpoints Mean r 3 r; /jr j!e - at six, nine, or twelve-month intervals - make - ,<mpi visual inspection of your eskarel insulation end run a dielectric .j-cakdown voltage check. ''orij'* Ganer#l Electric Comoeny ' * TM.nnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company 1 T"...I ;4|. I . ii ;:S=siSSSa^: aa^ass!2 l HONS 081255 A. Visual Inspection: Askarel is a clear, famt-yellow liquid. After long-term use *hii color may gradually intensify to light brown. Th# tiyd should remain clear and free from turbidity or cloudiness. Any color change - such as to a green, red or blue cast - indicates extraction of impurities (color materials) from th# solid insulation. If a distinct foreign color pick-up is noted, check the complete range of electrical characteristics and notify the transformer maker. Bleckening of the askarel may indicate an arcing condition. Other color changes alone are not danger signals since the dielectric breakdown voltage is not likely to be impaired. B. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage If the dielectric breakdown voltage hes decreased significantly from the fast inspection, or if it hes graduaffy decreased befow 28 KV range (at 28*0 - RUN A CHECK FOR MOISTURE. Usa ASTM D1533 (Karl Fischer Method). The dielectric breakdown voltage of askarel it the major indicator to the operating efficiency of your liquid insulation. Besides the visual inspection tests, dielectric breakdown voltage is the only test necessary to run on a routine basis. WeU-seeied askarel transformers have service records of 25 to 30 years on the original askarel. XVII. Inspection Checklist 1. If askarel is clear -- even though darkened to light brown, hn no sediment or turbidity, hn dielectric breakdown voltage over 26 KV - give it the inspection "OK". 2. - V' V' ` 1- *- If askarel is dear, but hat foreign color of blue, green, red ... it is "extracting color'' from internal materials. This is net, of itstlf, an operating hazard when the dielectric breakdown voltage stays over 26 KV and moisture remains low. However, this rare occurrence calls for checking into the condition of the interior construction and consulting the transformer maker. However, when sampling the fluid care should be taken to avoid getting color into the askarel from paint that may be inside or outside of the sample valve. 3. . If the moisture content is found to be above 70 ppm at operating y; ' . temperature, then sampling should be done at more frequent ' ' 1 intervals to establish a possibla trend, particularly on outdoor . . installations. If askarel is dear, but dielectric breakdown voltage drops to 22 or ' * lower KV, and moisture rises over 80 ppm when sampled at operating temperature ... the askerel is ready for simple "refining". If the moisture is near the saturation level (about 125 ppm at room temperature) a thorough inspection should be made lor water droplets m the transformer tank, and even for "globules" of water floating on the askarel surface. If found, the transformer manufacturer should be consulted for reconditioning both the transformer and the fluid. B. If askarel is dark brown to black, if black panicles of carbon ire seen, and dielectric strength is low . . the askarel hes been broken down by arcing. It cannot be refined and should be removed and . Incinerated under proper conditions. (See ANSI C107.M974, | Section 4.1.6). If any of these five simple inspection tests appear out of the ordinary or the relationship between appearance and test values s abnormal, contact your transformer supplier for a complete analysis. Whenevtr a sample is to be shipped to Monsanto, piaase follow th* directions shown under: "SAMPLING ASKAREL". HUMS 081256 ib) f t I* i. It u * * i t XVMV CortaTn^tion in Transformers au.; c-u*e merer end arced ^composition products are .i-,own ;o be **' ous contaminating influences on transformer askarel. The power factcr test normally used for the detection of contamination n miner*/ c' transformers is of little use for this purpose in askarel f 'led ?'2~<fcrmers, due to the extreme effect of extraneous ..-.i.iijii* ix..^r mai.r *<*. Thts increase m power factor as illustrated in ". - u v i >-.i\ i eflect on oieiectric breakdown voltage. Table VI Effect of Common Insulation Materials onPower Factor and Oietactrie Strength (Haat Aged 96 Hour* in A*arel at lOCPC.) Material Immersed Askarel After Exposure Power Factor, Percent at 60 Dielectric Strength eye., 100*C 2S*C. VA None (control) Black varnished cloth Copper Presiboard Manila paper Phenol formaldehvoe resms Shellac Iron Synthetic rubber VO 85.0 1.5 2.0 V5 16 6.0 5.0 70.0 35 KV 42 40 37 39 41 36 39 39 T Similarly, trace contaminants from commonly used construction materials can lower the volume*resistivity of askarel. without affecting as dielectric breakdown voltage. This is shown in Table VII. ... TtWeVII -----Effect of Common Inarfetion Materlal on Volume Rariethrify of Adtarol Vfcs- Sample Volume Resistivity T - * 10 ohm-cm (at 100*0.; 500 Volts. ' ^ DC., 0.1-gap) v* 1 New askarel before heet aging - .. 2,000 2. New askarel attar heat aging 96 hours at 100*C 3. Aftar heet aging with 1 sq. inch tpeetmens of: ^1,900 . a. Pnenolic resin tap changer materiel b Piper c Gratis A p'essbosrd (ten) ' 1,200 760 500 d. Grade A pressooerd (gray) c Grade A pressboard, laminated strip f. Cotton wrapping 500 400 300 Glyptai 1276 cement, cured 46 hrv at 11G*C 100 .*. ule trace contamination easily lowers volume resistivity Irom high 'ivpit. it is important to not* that heavy contamination (at when arced) T??t not lower the resistivity below the order of 10 ohm-cm. at 100*C. The Different behavior of askarel vs. mineral oil in these respects can be .mma. .-*d as Innows: H'jn power factor and low volume resistivity in transformer :~<;'.'.>rsi c !s i's commonly regarded as "danger signals" that the oil has aeienorated and broken down chemically or excessive moisture is present. This i*. \'OT TRUE of askarel liQuid insulation unless the dielectric breakdown vr'tage ts low or the moisture content is high. M MONS 081^57 ; * j 1 "i i Manufacturer* of askarel type transformer* pomr out that -t auae wall known that askarel t'snsiormers w.rn > : a' ,,,;.wr rjr.0, -< askarel fluid in excess of 50% at room temperature and 60 Hj n j v.rg satisfactory service life. However. there need? to he aswa.-.ce tha: doth dielectric breakdown voltage and moisture are at satisfactory leve-s ana do not show adverse trends. XIX. ASTM D3255 Method For Investigating The Compat ibility of Transformer Insulation and Construction Materials in Askarels Thi* method uses the change of electrical and-or cnem cal Characteristics of transformer askarel resulting from its controlled exposure to insulation and construction mater sis, m order to evaluate their immediate major "contamination" effect on the askarel fluid. Delayed or long time contamination effects may not be detected. . The method also utilizes various physical tests on the insulation and construction materials after controlled exoosure to the askarel to determine the compatibility of these materials with transformer askarel. Properly proportioned specimens of (he Insulation or structural materials are immersed in refined askarel for 168 hours at 100 * i*C m a forced draft ovan. Changes in electrical and chemical properties ol the transformer askarel are compared against a control sample of tne askarel treated in the same manner, m absence of the test specimens. Dissipation factor (ASTM D 924) change is one of the criteria used. The askarel fluid is refined by absorptive treatment to a dissipation factor level of 0.05 max. at 100*C and 60 Hz and 0.01 max. at 2S"C and 60 Hz. Corresponding values of the askarel fluid after heating 168 hours at 100*C in absence of a test specimen are 0.075 and 0.02 respectively. The maximum dissipation factor levels suggested for the askarel after heating in presence of the test specimen are 0.20 at 100*C and 60 Ha and 0.04 at 25*C and 60 Hz. * * XX. Refining Askars! for Reuse ' A. Filtering Through Dry Blotter Paoer to Remove Moisture and Extraneous Particles: ' Most operators prefer portable refining apparatus, such as a plate press fitted with a dolly, available from Sparkler, Mundelein, . . Illinois or General Electric Company, Pittsfield. Massachusetts; or . the earthen cartridge filter type available from Industrial Filter Corporation, Lebanon, Indiana. Filter paper liners for the plate . press are available from Carl Schleicher and Schuell Company, Keane, New Hampshire and manufacturers of filter presses listed The filter paper must be dried immediately before use. For best results, spread the paper for maximum turface exposure m a hot air circulating oven and heat it for 4 to 6 hours at 1 HTC. Circulate the askarel hot (but not over 40*C) through the filter fined with the dry paper liners. After filtration the dielectric breakdown voltage of the askarst should be 35 KV minimum. PRECAUTIONS: 1. Filtering should not be done when the relative humidity exceeds 75%. 2. Any flexible hoses and gaskets on the refining equioment should be lined with or made of materials mat will not be softened by contact with askarel fluid. 'Materials lined with Silicone, Viton or Teflon' or tie*'bie metal materials are suitable.) i e I I. 'Trademark of E. I. DuPont DeNamoun 6 Company, Inc. MUNS 081250 ns "T T r, TABLE VIII Guide to Rats of Dissolved Water Removal By Filtering Askaral Through I Paper Prats \<k4i Through F'CSt 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 Water in Askaral PPM 115 35 22 18 12 10 10 E. Disposal of Solid Wastes: Th* ANSI guide Cl07,1-1974, Section 4.1.6 gives detailed recommendations. C. Solid Insulation Requiring Drying: f the solid insulation of the transformer requires drying, consult the transformer manufacturer or an apparatua service shop, as in such case oven drying is preferred. D. Earth Treatment for Maximum Improvement of Power Factor and Volume Resistivity: We question whether pumping and filtering the fluid solefy to achieve a change in power factor or volume resistivity alone it justified in today s ecological climate regarding PCBs. We recom mend that in theta situation! the original trantformer manufac turer be contacted. 1. Procedure: ; The askaral liquid should be relatively dry prior to the following earth filtration. At a coating on the filter paper surface uia finely divided Attapulgus* clay or Fuller's earth dried and activated by halting for 12 hours at 300-350T immediately prior to use. The amount of earth used should be 0.1 to 0.2 percent by weight on the weight of the askaral.'to be treated. Askaral waighs about 12.5 pounds par gallonfV ;^ To deposit the earth evenly, stir one-third of the earth with a small portion of askaral in a dean container. Pump the mixture through the filter and follow with two more one-third portions. Then circulate askaral taken from near the top of the transformer, pass it warm (not over 55*CI through the earth-coated filter and feed back through the bottom transformer outlet. Continue circulation until the Huid is claar and test shows that the electrical properties are fullv restored. 2. Eflect of Earth on Removal of Scavengers Only slight and insignificant loss by selective absorption of tin tetraphenyl and epoxides occurs when askaral is refined by treatment with 0.1 to 0.2 percent by weight of earth. To remove significant amounts of the scavengers requires repe titious treatment with much larger amounts of earth. ' ol Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Coro I I t MQNS 081259 Table IX Approximate Relationship Showing the Insignificant Effect of Power Factor and Volume-Resistivity on Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Transformer Adtarel Power Factor (60 cyc.l ToStC 25 C Volume Resistivity x 10* ohm-cm (at 100*C, 500 Volts DC. 0.1" gap) Breakdown Vo::ge 25'C, 0 1 " 2% 55% 15% 20-25% 40-50% 0.05% 0.1% 0.7% 2.0% 1500 500 100 60-70 ___ 25 35 KV 35 35 35 35 XXL Cleaning Arced Transfornw* If a unit hat tread so that the askare! is no longer fit for use. a thorough cleaning of the unit is necessary before refilling with new askarai insulation and returning it to service*. Follow this orocedure insuring care is taken to prevent any loss of liquid askare! to effluent streams. A. Drain out all dark, carbon-contaminated askarai. Arrange to have the scrap fluid incinerated under proper conditions. (See ANSI Committee C107 reoort.) B. Carefully brush carbon deposits from internal parts and insulation, using a soft brtstla brush making sura that insulation it not damaged. C. Flush thoroughly using new askarei -- nor an oil, not a cleaning solvent. D. Flush a second time with fresh askaret; drain; then fill to the proper lave! with new askarei. E. Energize transformer to warm tha fluid for 24 to 48 hours; then circulate the askarei through a filter, returning it to the unit filtered end reedy for use. XXII. Sampling Afkartl Teke a sample as dose to the top of the liquid surface es possible. Many large edtarel transformers have a built-in sampling tube near the surface for convenient sampling. Then, to make sure that your sample truly represents your askarei Insulation, take another sample from the bottom. If additional sampling tube connections art contrived on the valves for easier templing, make the tubes of dean glass, stainless steel, aluminum or tin for rigid types; and silicone, or Viton or Teflon tubing for flexible types. Use NEW containers for the askarei sample. A new and thoroughly ore-dried, smell-mouth quart glass bottle fitted with a Bakahte** screw cap with aluminum or tin cap liner is recommended for quick, o^-site testing. (If complete analysis is to be made, a 5-pmt size sample it required.) Be sure that the new bottle does not stand open to collect dust or moisture. Rinse the sample bottle and cap lining two or three times with askarei from the transformer, then fill it. If the samole will be tested promptly, a clear glass bottle can be used. If sample is to be stored indefinitely, use an amber glass bottle or wrap clear glass with aluminum foil. A. Select a dry day. Do not sample insulation on a warm, moist day when humidity exceeds 75%. and . . . This assumes that (he cause of arcing nes deen ssteblithed and co>rcT<ons made. When severe arcing occurs, meior repeirs an usually neeesaery and me unit rebuilt. This procedure can be eppiied for flushing out the >eoet'fd un*t. Trsdemerk of Union Carbide Corooretion 3 Xk* sure that the askarel Is at 'east as warm as the surrounding air. (Cold iiauids can condense moisture from humid air.) C. When sampling askarel from transformers, it is best to take the sample when the unit is warm and operating at average or maximum load, especially for a check on moisture as reflected by a dielectric breakdown voltage test. Sampling the warm askarel more truly represents its condition during operation. E>.pe:.cnce ;hp.'.s that water will migrate from a transformer's sglid insulation to the askarel liquid and vice versa, depending on temperature. Therefore, when the transformer it hot, the moisture s most likely to be tound in the liquid. This accounts largely for periodic variations in dielectric breakdown voltage. For example, a relatively high dielectric breakdown voitaga may be found during winter months end a relatively low dielectric breakdown voltage during the summer months on samples taken from the same unit. Whan testing hes been completed, the remainder of the fluid sample should be destroyed by high temperature incineration described in Section VMt. I l i MQNS 08U61 l s^sS&rai IB Askarel '2iil2& Switches acid Terminal Chambers I. Introduction High voltage leads are usually connected to askarel or mineral o-i-Mled network transformers and power centers through terminal chamotte and switches. In some cases terminal chambers are not used, and the high voltage leads are connected directly to the switch terminals They may be filled with either askarel or mineral oil Switches are usually rotary or drum type fitted with a revolving block and porcelain unit as the principal alemant arranged for three-phase service. Askarel transformers with attached switches have been m use lor about 30 years. When they were first introduced, the availability of insulating and gasketing materials was rather limited and even the best materials at the time had no service history. As a result, inadequate gasketing materials such as cork, nitrile rubber, and nitrile rubber-end-cork particles were used. While satisfactory for a limited period of time, these materials cannot be deoended upon for tht expected long lift of the equipment. The terminel chamber is usually above or below the switch compartment and separated by a steel wail through which the bushings are inserted. When bushings are properly selected and correctly installed, there is no leakage from one compartment to the other. With poor bushing seels, and the terminal chamber above the switch, potting compounds or cable oil can seeo into the askarel. When the terminal chamber is below the switch, askarel can drain into the terminal chamber. II. Sourots of Contamination There art three possible sources of contamination for askarel m switchas and tarminal chambers; they rank in this order of frequency (t) water entering through poor gaskets; (2) decomposition products from arcing whan switch is used to break magnetizing current; 13) entrance of potheed or cable compounds through leaky bushing seals. Unlike an askarel transformer where the amount of contaminant is likely to be vary small (probably only trace amounts) in relation to the volume of askarel fluid - in switches or terminal chambers with faulty seals, the amount of contamination can ba relatively large. Experience has shown that, based on the number of installed askarel-switch units, the percentage of failures i$ extremely smell When investigated, it has been found that most failures originate m me sw.-cn chamber. Weter is the chief source of contamination However n*avv contamination of askarel with petrolatum and asphalt ma*wi au* a leakage, have caused a lew failures. Petrolatum is used frequently for filling terminal chambers .Vne* me' cable oil or petrolatum seeps mto askarel, no great harm results T>* fire resistance will be somewhat decreased and power factor of I'* askarel will increase with an accompanying drop m resist'wn,i highly undesirable, it is doubtful that failure of the unt ra'ui's W**e asphaltic compounds are used in place of petroletum. me danger increased somewhat because asphaltic contamination -a, jjw excessively high dielectric losses m the askarel. When tne terminal chamber is betow the switch chamo?' .* : compound can be contaminated by askarel <1 the bur , j* leaky. This is undesirable because the askarel will increase tr* puwer factor and conductivity of the potting compound or caoie oil j 'd develop heat from dielectric loss. If this mixture is drawn - 3 < .me MQNS 08126i 1 :1IJ 11Z ... 'at-c*n, a cable failure is likely. THii again empbesizes the T`p?,taHc o* tight bushng essemblies. ;ii. Sailing Switches and Terminal Chambers r':;:\ir busning construction, use of Silestie satis and walding wherever p-ss-bie is Highly desirable (as covarad in Section A). Where an l.;rf<t3m*nc teal is to be used in contact with both askarel and nc -cleu n oil, DuPont's Viton is suggested. ` '- .v pnent the user should specify these modern sealing .-;sments to keep out contaminants and minimize maintenance. IV. Askarel Used Under Mild Arcing Conditions Tne (SEE Guide for Transformer Askarel calls attention to the rol'owing: "Askarel is used, to some extent, in apparatus where it it subjected to light intermittent arcing, such at in self-contained induction regulators, where operating switches are continually producing slight arcs, in transformer de-energizing switches, etc.. Under " normal conditions, deterioration of the eskerct is very slight. However, improperly adjusted or defective switches in this type of apparatus can product excessive end prolonged arcing and accelerated deterioration of the askaret. It is recommended that when askarel >s used under these conditions, checks of the liquid, specially for moisture and dielectric breakdown voltage made more frequently then when it is used only as a cooling and insulating fluid. Deterioration of this type is indicated by a blackening of the liquid. It can usually be reconditioned as previously described. Specie! attention should be given to maintaining the scavenger at the appropriate concentration.*' ' V. Maintenance for Askarel Filled Switches A. Switches used for grounding after power source has been de-energited will not undergo arcing. B Switches interrupting magnetizing current will be subject to arcing; the amount of decomposition will depend on power . ... interrupted, time end frequency of operation. As e general rule; . the liquid should be checked after B to 10 operations. 1. On newly installed switches, chads the aekarel at 3,6 and 12. .... ~ month intervals; if found satisfactory, check once annually thereafter. With proper attention Jo the gasketing of covert and bushings, experience will probably indicate that law ' frequent inspection is warranted. . 2. Check askarei for: .. ' W-V... a. Oieiectric breakdown voltage (ASTM 0077)*. It should ",' be 28 KV minimum. If dielectric breakdown voltage is low, confirm presence of water by Kid Fischer method astm D-1633. Filter to remove moisture. Dielectric strength should Then be 30 KV minimum. b. Presence of carbon from ercing: Fluid should be relatively free of carbon. If badly arced end very black, replace fluid. If only minute amounts of carton art present, filtration is recommended. Check power factor of liquid (should not be over 5% at 25*C end 60 cycles!. Flush out switch chamber with several gallons of frash askarel before refilling. 3. If there is discoloration, high power factor, detectable change in specific gravity or refractive index, or if fluid flashes below 250*F, there is a possibility of .seepage of potting compound into the switch compartment. In this eeee, correct eny leaky bushing seelt with proper replacements and fill with new askarel. 4. If terminal chamber is below switch, check potting compound for presence of askarel (can usually be detected by odor or by an increase in specific gravity). If askarel is present, correct eny leaky bushing seels with proper replacements, end renew compounds. 5. Examine cover gaskets visually. Deterioration can be detected MGNS 0dl263 by swelling and cracking of the exposed edge case? of severe deterioration. I.quid seepage >s usually pres^-.t 6. Check for leakage at packing gland of twitch.r.^ matt. If leaking, repack with a Silastic ring type gasket. VI. Askarel Under Excessive Temperature or Fault Conditions The IEEE Guide alto points out that. "Chlorobenzenes used m transformer askarels begin to pod at temperatures of about 205'C, under atmospheric cond't'ons. If the material is heated to such high temperature m a sealed system, pressure develops. Pressure will also develop in the system if the askarel is arced sufficiently to generate copious hydrogen chloride Qas. "Therefore, it is recommended that wherever possible, sealed askarel-fllted equipment be provided with pressure relief devieet. " These devices must be large enough to provide immediate relief at a definite pressure, and to prevent further build up of pressure if decomposition continues. It must be remembered that the presence of devices of this sort does not necessarily preclude the rupturing of containing vessals, since pressure build up can be extremely rapid under violent arcing conditions." ScSsfflflDOQ (C Toxicity& Safe Handling I. Inhalation At ordinary temperaturas the chlorineted biphenyls in Askarel have not presented industrial toxicological problems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their volatility: the lower-chlorinated. morevolatile ones present more of a potential problem from tha standpoint of both inhalation and skin contact. When Askerei fluids are used at elevated temperatures, engineering controls mutt be applied, either by .the use of doad systems or by effective local-exhaust ventilation together with gmeral workroom exhaust. ~ ...v.. Vapors of Askarel at room temperature should not ba breathed >n a . confined space,' and no vapor of any fluid evoivtd at elevated * ~ . ` temperatures should be allowed to be dispersed into the general workroom. . ` Inhalation tests on animals indicate that the maximum salt concentra tion of vapor is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 millig-cm per cubic meter of air. The threshold limit value (maximum allowable concen tration of an 8-hour working day) set by the American Conference of Government Hygienists are 1.0 milligram of the lowe' cnionnated biphenyl compounds per cubic meter of air and 0.5 milligram of the more-highiy-chlorinated compounds, per cubic meter of air. II. Skin Contact Prolonged or repeated skin contact with the Askarel fluids must be avoided by the use of gloves and protective garments, because of tne possible occurrence of a condition called chloracne. Althougn reoorts of this condition caused by Askarel are rare, it can be produced bv excessive skin contact. If the fluid is spilled on the skin the skm mould be washed in the usual manner with a soap solution. A burn causad by contact with a hot Askarel should be treeted >ike any ordinary burn. For disposal instructions of Askarel fluids, see Section A vin, page 6. MOMS 061164 in Ail ~V7r 'TTTi ' 1 Analytical Services on Transformer Askarel Available From Monsanto to mal:j thair own fluid analyses can obtain the service from Monsanto. Simply contact Monsanto ; -c w^3t =:%-!. its are wanted. You will b* sent the proper-sized, clean sample container, fined with a proper label. When . .-.o.vs vr.is. carti j.iy \ave your sample (following the procedure for sampling in this guide). Send the container to .i.ko's laboratory Charges listed include sample container and laboratory costs. The charges are those in effect August 0, "C, er.d are tjbject to change. ;)$ of Analyses Available *iaiyst 1) SC JUNE MAINTENANCE CHECK Total Charge: $36.00 Per Semple To Determine the general condition of the fluid and find whether further analysis is necessary, (one-quart sample required) Frcoc-rties Tested Dielectric Breakdown Voltage Color and Condition Moisture vcu '.mi! oe notified of the results of this test. If further testing is indicated, and you want a complete analysis, you will be sent a live pint sample container. This sample will be used for the following series of tests: Analysis 2) COMPLETE ANALYSIS Total Charge: $165.00 Per Semple UI To determine the extent of fluid contamination, (2) earth refinement to determine what degree of restoration of electrical and irvjiatmg properties is possible, (3) check test to see how the fluid responded to earth treatment. ) Complete Analysis: to determine the extent of contamination rrouerties Tested Free Chlorides Color and Condition Acidity SvtecH.c Gravity Dielectric Breakdown Voltage nefriciive index Power Factor, Dielectric Constant, and Resistivity Water e) Earth Refinement fteaporwar Consists of treatment for 2.5 hours at 50-60*0. with 0.1 to 0.2 percent by weight of properly conditioned Attapulgus clay end then filtration through dry filter paper. - cj Analysis After Laboratory Earth Refinement:: Properties Tested Acidity Refractive Index Oieieetric Breakdown Voltage Water Power Factor, Dielectric Constant, and Resistivity Free Chlorides ' You will be notified of the results of this test series on your sample. Then after refining your entire transformer fluid fill you can check on the results by requesting the following analysis: . . Analysis 3) analysis after earth refinement *.. Total Charge: $70.00 Per Semple (This charge will not apply whan analyses 1 and 2 have already been made.) rj bstermine whether the entire lot of the askarel fill responded to the same extent as the laboratory sample, (five-pint sample :t-.red) " ^'e*.es Tested Free Chlorides Cr:c' and Condition Acidity Index Dielectric BreakdownVoltage . Power Factor, Dielectric Constant, and Resistivity grange for the tests Described above write to the following address: v...d Wood Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company iiLO North Lindbergh 3lvd. j. W,;oun 63',66 v'. ; be tested should be clearly marked for identification and sent directly to: -.j.isanto Company '.V G. Krummrich Laboratory 'jo'-iort. Illinois 62201 J. A. Gloeckner VI) MONS 081265 1 t -i ificDDQ IE Appendices APPENDIX A ' Ajkarcl Stability and Composition of Arc Formed Gas: Askarel insulation is on of the most inert, chemicelly-stabie heat ! resistant, non-corrosive liquids known. It will not break down, oxidize or sludge when exposed to air and high temperatures. t50"C. or even somewhat higher. Arcing, however, will breek down the compound to liberate some hydrogen chloride and smell amounts of eerbon. . APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION ARC-FORMED GAS FROM TRANSFORMER ASKAREL BLENDS ASTM TYPES 0 AND G (INERTEEN 70-30 AND PYRANOL A13B3B-3, RESPECTIVELY) Gas carbon monoxide carbon dioxide oxygen inert gasee hydrogen chloride (note the absence of phosgene) Amount 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% t.5% 97.3% This arc-formed gas from ASTM Type 0 end Type F transformer askarels is non-flammeble and non-combustible. For all practical purposts. tha amount of gas llbaratad from askaral under e given set of arcing conditions is about 100 cubic centimeters per kilowatt-second. ._ APPENDIX B_________________- ' -1''.__________________________ SOLUBILITY OP GAS IN TRANSFORMER ASKARELS - ASTM TYPES D AND G APPENDIX C 'Percent of Get By Volume Corrected to: ' 2S*C 760 mm 0*C. 780 mm * ' . . 25*C Carbon dioxide Air Nitrogen ' Hydrogen chloride1 , 71% -7 I V 5.7 6.0 37.8 lore 47% . 4.9 4.8 50.9 25*C _ 5.8 5.5 - ioo-c - 5.0 4.4 - 1 In absence of scavenger EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE OF ASKAReL Tempereture*C -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ASTM 0877 67 KV 63 57 55 50 50 48 45 MONS 0dl266 APPENDIX D COMPARISON OF THE APPROXIMATE VISCOSITY IN SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS OF TRANSFORMER ASKARELS AND MINERAL OIL Temp. *C -20 0 20 40 60 so 100 Pyranol A13838-3 1,000 100 70 45 39 34 30 10-C Mineral Oil 1,000 150 85 49 40 34 30 Inerteen 70-30 2,800 195 B5 50 40 36 33 APPENDIX E THE DENSITY OP INERTEEN 70-30 ANO TRANSFORMER PYRANOL A13B3B-3 Approx. Dsnoty gm/ce. Temp. *C 0 20 40 60 90 Inerteen 70-30 1.674 1.552 1.529 1.507 1.485 Pyranol A13838-3 1.577 1.556 1.532 1.510 1.488 APPENDIX F________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Thi thermal conductivity values of transformer Pyranol A13638-3 at 27*C and 58*C art 26.2 and 25J x 10** calonee csntlmatarr1. dagrw centigrade'1, second'1, respectively. Or. approximately 0.06 BTU per (hr.) (sq. fU (f.) per foot. This same approximation applies to Inerteen 70-30, , APPENDIX Q Hast Capacity Over the temperature range of 25* to 128*C the niecifk heat of transformer askarel is close to 0.X calories per gram per degree. . , ' . --v- APPENDIX H Coefficient of Expansion The average coefficient of expansion of transformer askarel over the temperature range 20 to 10CTC is0.0007 cc/ccTC. One gallon would increase to 1.0S6 gallons on heating from 20 to 100*C. APPENDIX I ?ire Reiiitance Askarel* ot various compositional types are used. Under arcing conditions the gases produced, while consisting ot predominantly non-combustible hydrogen chloride can yield varying amounts of combustible gases depending upon the askarel type. Insulation systems incorporating these eskareli end cellulosic or other organic materials may, when arced, produce gaseous mixtures which are moderately flammable. As a precaution, such gases should be removed from the askarel by bubbling dry rvtrogen through the askarel and flushing the gas space with dry nitrogen before any work is performed on the apparatus. HONS 081267 appendix J Seels. Properties and Procurement Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan with Districts at Atlanta, Boston. Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Los Angelas, New York City, Washington, D.C. and Toronto has avaiiabla Bullatin 09-019, August 1962 entitled "Silastic Design Oata"! Thu lists the gasket fabricators throughout the country from whom tba "Silastic 50" gaskating can be purcha$*d in shaet. extrusions or molded shapes. ' Generally. Silastic 50 sheet goods ere stocked by local die cutters, hence, could be generally purchased locally. Usually small quantities of gaskets are die cut. If larger quantities are needed, tools are made of the seme type used to cut other elastomers. Where (he gasket is extruded for fitting into machined groove or between gasket stops, Dow Corning advises use of a scarved joint. This joint is than cemantad using Dow Coming's Silastic 140 (clear) or their RTV 731 (white) materials, which air curt. ` Dow Corning points out that tha local "rubber" fabricators purchase the Silastic 50 in billat form. This is worked on a roll mill in preparation for sheeting or extrusion. Then to obtain the desired physical properties the fabricator must oven cure the Silastic 50 for 24 hours at 480*F. SPECIFICATIONS* ASTM D676 ASTMD412 ASTM D412 ASTM 0395 Color Specific Gravity at 77*F Hardness, Short A, Scale Tensile Strength, psi, min Elongation, percent, min Compression Set after 22 hrs at 300*F, percent, max White 1.20 + 0.02 45 to 60 800 250 30 *AII physical properties measured on 0.075 inch thick samples molded 5 minutes at 240'F, and oven cured 24 hours at 480f. APPENDIX K Caution Label . Tha following or equivalent caution statements should be fixed on ail containers of transformer askarels end the trans formers themaelve*: This product contains Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Care should be taken to prevent entry into the environment through spills, leakage, use, vaporisation, or disposal of liquid or containers. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors or mists. Avoid contact with ayas or prolonged contact with skin. If skin contact occurs, remove by wishing with soap end water. Following eye contact, flush with water. In cast of ipillaga onto clothing, the clothing should be removed as soon as practical and tha skin washed. Dispose of any contemineted materials as suggastad in tha American National Standards Instltuta document C107.1, "Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor and Transformer Gride Askarels, Containing Polychlorinated 8iphenyl". ____________ _ _ ill MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS COMPANY functional products group SOON. LINDBERGH BLVD. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 83766 Tlie information herein regarding obtaining optimum results from askerel fluids in your transformer has been accumulated by Monsanto for over 40 years from the experience of makers and users of askarel transformers and it is believed will be helpful. Nothing herein shall be construed as applying to other then askarel insulation. Date and maintenance suggestions herein do not isply to the other components of the transformer. All operating and maintenance suggestions recommended by the manufac turer of the transformer should also ba carefully followed. Secaute these maintenance directions apply only to the askarel insulation, Monsanto disclaims any liability for damage to 'fooeny or injury to persons arising from transformtr operation. MGNS Gtil26ti '.I S C'JSTC'*" SERVICE CENTERS AKRON. OHIO *<313 260 Spimyti** Qrir* 5444 t`antrom Dtrriopmant Park Tl. CIS) 666-4111 ATLANTA, GSORCIA 30X39 320 interstate North Hr*wty Sw.tr 500 Tat. 1404) 4J4-4949 HOUSTON. TEXAS 770S6 ' 300 Pott O** Towar 5051 IV*itm,mar Ro*0 Tat. 1713) 6219550 LOSANQSLiS. CALIFORNIA 1401 Oova Strut Su,ta 350 Newport 6--**. California 92660 Tat. (714) 633 9150 NSW YORK, N6W YORK 10036 1114 Avanu* Of tfto Amonen Td. (3161 764-6000 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 600 N. Lmdbaryh 61*0. Tai. 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