Document 0J1yq42bjX47qyKr28v023pnb

tuns J. B. Bull!tt"Wilmington R. B. Davis-Marshall Lab. (2) C. W. Jchnson^Parlin v* R. Olson-Toledo v. F.'Van der Sterre-S, San Francisco w, P. Lawson-Chicago K. C. hampert"Marshall Lab. U. D. Pickens-Flint R. E Pik"Flint (2) Ms?. . R. Matthews "Flint Mr. W. P'. Kingsley-Flint Mr. E. J. Fulmer"Flint Mr. H. E. Johnson-Fllnt Mr. . K, Moffett-Flint Mr. J. ,* Clough"Flint Mr, F, E. Beadles "Wilmington Files 1810 December 22, 1553 'MEMORANDUM REPORT "NO* F-102 wMONASTRAL*1 BLUE EFFECT OF DISPERSION TECHNIQUE AND USE OF NEW FLOCCULATION-RESISTANT PIGMENTS ON FORMULATING PROPERTIES IN "DUCO" AMD "DULUX** INTRODUCTIONS In "Duco% formulating utility of W-505* ''Monastrai"' Blue dispersed by ball milling {standard factory dispersion technique prior to period covered by this report) is limited. Ball mill -505 induces objectionable red streaking under the action of the buffing wheel when seed in significant quantities* especially in metallics. As a result* blue metallics have been formulated on a considerably more expensive Indo Blue W-594 basis. Ball milled -505 also' ' exhibits a red ''flop" or two-ton causing difficulties in matching some competitive color offerings, B"6l4 {ethyl cellulose) must be used with all `'Due'* colors formulated with ball mill -505 to control flocculation. Addition of B-S14 reduces tinting lacquer solids* lowers unpolished gloss slightly and increases length of required mixing time* all undesirable effects Prior to adoption of R-614* complaints against light "Buco!l colors containing -505 attributed to flocculation were received) complaints resulted from .increasing blue intensity in circulating systems or loss of color and actual visible flocculate . formation,upon temporary circulating system shutdown. N 29331 In view of these deficiencies of hall milled -505, a research program was undertaken at Flint under Project F-10002 to improve the formulating utility of ''Monastral" Blue in "Duco". Approaches studied Involved upgrading of quality of dispersion of -505 through "49 Process1' or "RX" grinding and achievement of an improved property balance through adoption of new '`Monastral" Blue pigment forms to replace -505. In the latter case, new .flocculation-resistant "Monastral" Blues(Pigments Department's BP-366-D,- Ramapo Lake and BT-373-B toner: Orchem's "Monastral" Fast Blue BMP were considered the prime candidates.A ' Flint research objective wds Simultaneously established to determine if these flocculation-resistant pigments offered formulating advantages over W-505 in "Dulux"-. SUMMARY AMD COMOLDSI0M3* 1. In "Duco", optimum "Monastral" blue formulating proper ties were achieved through use of the "49 Process" dispersion techniques. "49 Process" dispersion yielded substantial improvements over ball mill ground material in resistance to red streaking and in strength and moderate improvements in early gloss retention on exposure, unpolished gloss and flocculation resistance. (Table I). 2. Improvement in red streaking resistance gained by "49 Process" dispersion will permit formulation of much of the blue metallic color range on a "Monastral" Blue W-5Q5 basis with a re sultant improved cost picture due to reduced requirements for ex pensive Xndo Blue, -394. Improvements in flocculation resistance was not sufficient to allow elimination of B-614 from colors con taining -505 3. The Pigments Department's new flocculation resistant resinated "Monasbral" blue lake, BP-366-D, did not offer sufficient advantages over -505 in either "Duco" or "Dulux" to compensate for Its cost premium of $0.93 per pound of toner above the cost of -505* (Tables II and III) 4. BT-373-D and "Monastral" Blue Fast BHF, flocculation resistant "Monastral" blue toners offered by the Pigments Department and Orchem, respectively, were of no interest in either "Duco" or "Dulux" because of hard pigment texture which created unusual dis persion problems and because of lack of important property advantages over -305 (Tables IX and III) 5. In "Dulux", replacement of -785/^-63 by W-505/V-630 pigmentations in the formulation of light blue-greens reduced color drift in accelerated circulating system stability tests (Figure 1- ). In "Duco" formulation of this color range with either -785 or -505 yielded equivalent circulating system color drift(Figure 2). DUP030000752  ACTION TAKEN OR PROPOSED? 1. The Production Department has specified exclusive use of "49 Process" grinding for all future factory manufacture of "Monastral,f blue "Duco" tinting (253-0505). 2. In "Duco", the "Monastral" blue tinting content permitted for formulating use without expectation of red streaking upon buffing has been increased from 15# to 20$. 3. The "Dulux" green formulating practices have been re vised to permit "Monastral" blue/Ferrite formulation of light bluegreen tints. comimmG l abo r at o r y w o r k ; Pertinent exposure series will be followed. DXSCTJSSION OF RESULTS; Effect of Dispersion Technique in "Duco": The "49 Process" was found to be the optimum dispersion technique for "Monastral" blue pigments in "Duco" (Table l) ,, Use of the "49 Process" in preference to the ball mill grinding technique gave improved resistance to red streaking under the buffing wheel in tallies, increased tinting strength, improved unpolished gloss and reduced flocculation and improved early gloss retention upon exposure (TX-5200). Tinting prepared using the RX (two roll mill) dispersion was superior to "49 Process" material in degree of freedom from red "flop" but was only equivalent to ball mill tinting in the other formulating properties under consideration. The rolls dispersion is considered dangerous and costly and formulating advantages gained by decreased red "flop" were small in comparison to those gained by improved streaking resistance and increased strength of the "49 Process" tinting. Use of "49 Process" W-505 tinting (253-0505 now manufactured exclusively by the "49 Process") in combination with improved zinc oxide free Mllori Blue, 253-0582, will significantly reduce costs of medium and dark blue "Duco" colors by replacing expensive indo Blue* Chromium tetrahydroxl&e blends required by past formulating practices to gain adequate streaking resistance.(Refer Release Letter F-522) Flocculation-Resistant "Monasferal" Blue Pigments in "Duco"; k comparison of formulating properties of -505 and new flocculation-resistant "Monastral" pigments offered by the Pigments Department and Orchem is presented on Table II. Laboratory "49 Process" "Monastral" dispersions were compared for all properties except color drift in circulating systems j here plant ground -505 served as the control. DUP030000753 4 The present forms of BT-373-D and Ofchem's BNF were of no interest because of hard pigment texture. "49 Process" dis persions of both pigments were extremely gritty. Grit could be eliminated by ball mill or slurry grinding but streaking resist ance and strength of such dispersions were inferior to even the. gritty "49 Process" tinting. The Pigments Department recognises the deficiencies of BT-373-B and expects to introduce a flocculationresistant toner having improved texture and strength in about one year.. BP-366~D was the tngsfc promising of the flocculationresistant pigments investigated (Table XI). It offered a definite improvement over -505 in resistance to red streaking under the. buffing wheel in metallies* exhibited less red "flop" and generally better metallic two-tone than W-505;and was superior to -505 in inherent flocculation-resistance. Light blue-green tints (Nile Green) formulated with BP-366-D without B-614 showed less color drift in a circulating system than matching W-505 formulations with B-614. (Table IV and Figure 2). Howeyer* BP-366-D was 15$ weaker in tinting strength than -505 on an equal toner basis and sells for a cost premium of $0*93per pound of toner over -505. Except for small differences in gloss retention, durability of "49 Process" dis persions of both pigments were equal upon four months Florida ex posure (TX-5200). Analysing each advantage offered by BP-366-D, the follow ing was observedt The improvements in red streaking and red "flop" gained by use of BP-366-D are, of course, desirable. However, up grading of streaking-resistance of W-505 achieved by adoption f the "49 Process" dispersion technique will permit a very substantial expansion of the area usage of "Monastrail" blue in "Duco", The additional reduction in streaking gained by use of BP-366-0 may not have commercial significance. The limiting effect of red "flop" on the use of -505 only applies to a relatively few colors. No sig nificant complaints have been received against W-505 containing color relating either to flocculate formation or to color drift in circulating systems since the initiation of the use of B-6l4, there fore, the improved inherent flocculation-resistance of BP-366-D does not appear to be required at the present time. Use of BP-366-B would permit elimination of B-614 in the formulation of "Monastral" blue with a consequent slight improvement in gloss, higher solids and reduced mixer cycle. These latter improvements, while desirable, are small in comparison to the cost premium commanded by BP-366-D. To conclude, under present "Duco" formulating requirements the advantages offered by BP-366-D do not appear of sufficient value to compensate for its high pigment cost and strength deficiency. We do not propose adoption of BP-366-D in "Duco" at this time. DUP030000754 `5 ~ Flocculation-Resistant "Monastrai" Blue. Pigments la "Duluxn: BT-373-D and Qrchem's BNP offered advantages in metallic red ''flop'1 over W-505 at the expense of reduced tinting strength. Low tinting strength of these two pigments appeared to be due to grinding difficulties induced by hard pigment texture (Table 1X1). BP-36.6-D yielded only higher grinding solids, improved grinding consistency and less metallic red ''flop" (as compared to W-505) to compensate for higher pigment cost at equal strength (Table 111). BP-366"D was superior to W-505 in flocculationresistance by pour, storage and rubout tests. However, this im provement is not presently required since no significant complaints due to flocculation of VI-505 colors have been received. Mo improve ments in circulating system color stabllitycould be demonstrated for BP-366-B over W-505 in "Bulux" (Table IV and Figure 1). Exposure Series TX-5277 has been prepared to determine comparative durability of W-505, BP"366~D, BT-373-D- and BNP. Four month Honda exposure results will be available in ' January 1954, Formulation of Light Blue-Green Tints ?' "Dulux": Circulating system color drift of Mile Green(typical blue-green tint) was substantially reduced by formulation with W-505/W-63O combinations in place of W-785/W-630 pigmentations re quired by past formulating practices, (Table TV, Figure 1). "Duco" s Mile Green formulated with either W-505/W-630 or W-785/W--63O pigmentations exhibited equal circulating system color drift, (Table V, Figure 2) EOPBRmWAL DETAIL* . .... Test Methods: A. Color?. Hue and brightness were compared visually from spray- outs over 4" x 6" cardboard panels in the case of white tints and from sprayouts over undercoated 4" x 12*' Bonderite panels In the case of metalllcs. :B, Tinting Strengths Strength was obtained by means of a graphical compari son of colorimetrleally (Colormaster) determined lightness values of 95/5 (pigment ratio) tints of white and the "Monastrai" dispersion under consideration, '49 Process" dispersed W-505 was selected as control and assigned the strength of 100$. DUP030000755 C. Two-Tone and Red "Flop"t Metallic Two-tone and red "flop" were determined by visual comparison of sprayouts over undercoated 4" x 12" Bonderite panels. s>. Flocculation; litre tests measuring degree of flocculate formation of SlMonastrai" dispersions were utilized, These tests were considered indicative of flocculation difficulties that would be encountered commercially upon.temporary shutdown of a circulating system. The tests were performed using 95/5 (pigment) whlte/,'Mon.astral,, tints. 1. Pour-out tests 4 A color card was sprayed as soon as possible after preparation of the tint. Pour-outs of the same tint were then made over the sprayed card initially and after one, two and four hours unagitated storage. In the case of "Duco", material to be poured was thinned to yield a consistency half-way between package and spray viscosity. l*Dulu3cM was poured at package viscosity. Apparent loss of strength of the pour'indicated flocculation. The difference in lightness between pour and sprayed background was considered to be a measure of the degree of flocculation. Visual comparisons were made in collect ing the data presented on Table I. The ratio of the colorimetrieally determined lightness of the . pour to lightness of the color card is presented on Tables XX and XXI. 2. Storagei The tint was thinned to spray viscosity and stored in a glass container. Flocculation showed up as uneven agglomerates of pigment on the walls of the bottle. Both the storage and pour tests for flocculation were modeled after testing method #602, ''Evaluation of Automotive and Refinish "Duco"# Testing Methods Parlin laboratory". 3* Rub Test s This test, limited to "Duliuc", consisted of rubbing the freshly sprayed film Just prior to set-up. If significant blue flocculation had occurred since sprayout, rubbing broke down the flocculates resulting in an increase in blue intensity of the rubbed area as compared to the unrubbed area. E, Circulating System Color Drifts Matches to Nile Green (246-55879 - blue-green tint) were prepared using combinations -63-' and the "Monastral" dispersions specified in Tables IV and V with white and black (if required). In the case of wBuco", 5$ B~6l4 (based on tinting) was added to all DUP030000756 ~7 " matches except the one formulated using BF-366-D. These paints were aged 10 days at package viscosity, mixed by spatula, reduced to spray viscosity .and' charged into a laboratory gallon porcelain crock with stone pebbles at a 40/80 grinding ratio. Samples were taken from the mills after the specified grinding times. Triplicate independent sprayouts of each sample over cardboard were prepared. Each panel was eolorimetrically analyzed in the following manner: Colormaster "0", "R" and "B" values were measured according to the absolute method of operation of the Color-master described in Engineering Department Report BSD-X.-52-44. "G", "R" and rB" were utilized to calculate tri> stimulus values, X, Y and 2, by the relations specified in DED-X-52-44. The trichromatic coefficients, x, and y, were then calculated from the tristimulus data. The arithmetic averages of the Y (lightness), the x and the y values of the triplicate sprayouts of each sample are presented in Table IV and . This data was graphically analysed as C.X.E. plots on figures 1, 2 and 3. The diameter of the circles on these figures was selected to represent approximate confidence limits for the determinations-. In this experiment, circulating system attrition was simu lated by pebble mill grinding bo save time and material. Figure 3 shows that color drift upon pebble mill grinding followed the same curve as drift in a five gallon model of the type circulating system used commercially. Mile Green was selected for study because it was considered representative of the type of color, formulated with 11Monastral" blue, most subject to color drift difficulties, P. Red Streaking: Red streaking under action of the buffing wheel in nDueo" was determined forfTrophyfBlue (281-55656 - II/22/50) ms.tailics formulated using tfe "Monastral dispersions under con sideration. Sprayouts over 12" x 26" undercoated panels, baked 29* x lSoF. were prepared for testing. Film thickness was held at 2.0 * 0.2 mils. The streaking test consisted of buffing the panel in the normal manner followed by buffing with the edge of the wheel. In the second buff, the Wheel was applied on edge at the top of the panel under light pressurej as the wheel was brought down the panel pressure was increased gradually until sufficient pressure was applied near the bottom of the panel to bum into the film. Several passes with the edge of the wheel were made for each panel. Red streaking showed up as a red smear along the area hit with the edge of the buffing wheel. Severity of red streaking of comparative compositions was rated visually. Trophy Blue was selected as test color since customer complaints of red streaking against Trophy Blue as formu lated with ball mill W-505 caused virtual elimination of W-5Q5 **<> blue metallic formulations. FLIRT LABORATORY RJFfemJ R. J. Fulmer DUP030000757 f 1 | irtJtif a 8^1K 1 ps to**-* fc s m' 8 8* ? 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