Document 0J1G6a25qEgR7o34nOGXaqDyO

The American Ceramic Society PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT February 15,1993 I hereby certify that the attached copies of Ceramic Abstracts, Volume , 1963, are true and accurate copies, which are maintained in the normal course of business at the American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081. Christine Schnitzer Product Manager Ceramic information Center 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081-8720 614-890-4700 TWX: 7101109409 CERAMIC ABSTRACTS I i 1963 \ Charles S. Pearce, Editor Mary J. Gibb, Associate Editor M. Geraldine Smith, Assistant Editor Gertrude M. Busick, Editorial Assistant Barbara L. White, Editorial Assistant Committee on Publications: W. J. Smothers, Chairman; Paul R. Jones, Edward E. Mueller, and Howard F. McMurdie Technical Adviser: R. S. Sheldon l ii f Compiled by The American Ceramic Society, Inc. 4055 North High Street Columbus 14, Ohio I Ceramic Abstracts January Process tor applying tungsten carbide particles to a workpiece surface. Warren M. Shwayder. U. S. 3,049,435, Aug. 14, 1962.--The process comprises crushing tungsten carbide to 0.25 in. to 325 mesh, coating the particles with a thin film of metallic nickel, and then applying them to the ferrous metal surface with sufficient heat to fuse the nickel coating to the ferrous metal, thereby binding the particles to the surface and imparting to them hard wearing and cutting properties. D.J.B. Sectional coated i abrasive belt and process of making it. Edward W. Bratton (Carborundum Co ). U. S. 3,053,020, residual stretch in the directions of its cross and warp threads D.J B Segment for rotary abrasive devices. Aleck Block, u g 3,053,021, Sept. 11, 1962.--An abrasive pack comprises abrasiv" leaves with at least one spacer of compressible material betwe 6 them, the spacer being secured to the root portions and coni'1 pressed at a distance from the root end of the pack to provide thinned waist and a thicker butt of elongated form extending fun width of the pack for keying reception in an axially extendi peripheral mounting socket of a rotary holder. DJB * Sept. 11, 1962.--The product comprises a layer of abrasive grain bonded to a cloth backing, the backing being prestretched both in the cross direction and in the warp direction and having equal See also Sect. V: (patent) Dressing device for grinding spectacle glasses. II--Art, Design, and Archeology Chemical basis of ancient Greek vase painting. U. Hofmann. Angerw. Chem. Intern. Ed. Engl., 1 [7] 341-50 (1962).--H. covers historical and economic data on the Greek nation as well as scientific and artistic information. Vases were a major Athenian export countering the unfavorable balance of trade for grain imports. The exact method of production is discussed in detail. The red pigment was Fe;Os, and the black FejOi. The potter's clay itself generally afforded the red color on firing. Blacks and the less usual "intentional" or painted-on red were applied as finely elutriated clay. A first firing under oxidizing conditions gave a completely red vessel; rosiny wood was then added to give a brief reducing firing, during which the entire body became black. Vents were! then reopened, and the porous body of the vase reoxidized and became red, while the less porous "painted" areas stayed black. , "Intentional reds" were porous and became red at this stage. Related techniques in Roman times are also described. 15 figs. (4 in color), 3 tables, 11 refs. M.J.A. Design and the production man. Richard M. Bauer. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 41 (11)774-75(1962). 1 fig. Facets of design from the view of the designer. Sid Bersiidsk Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull.,41 [12(819(1962). Mystery and charm of Parian. Anon. Pottery Gaz., r [1018| 528-31 (1962).--Historical. An attempt is made to work out the type of body and firing conditions required to produce Parian ware and to re-assess its merits and charm 7 photos. C.E.L.F. Strontium crackle glaze. Yu. G. Shteinberg and E. Y Gaukhman. Stcklo i Keram., 19 [5] 24-26 (1962).--The ware is covered with one glaze only (earthenware type) without a bisque firing. The frit contains 27.1 quartz, 37.1 feldspar 20.8 SrCOj, 7.7 MgC03, and 7.3% Na2COj and is melted at 1300C. The glaze contains 94% frit and 5% kaolin. Glaze density should be 1.34 to 1.36 for dipping. The glost ware removed from the kiln is shock treated by immersion in a tank containing a solution of colorant, such as cobalt or iron salt in 50% concentration, after being heated at 220 for 30 min. This covers the glaze with a fine network of cracks into which the solution of colorant penetrates. 3 figs., 1 ref. gj I--Cements, Limes, and Plasters Behavior of hydrated cement minerals toward aggressive to CaS04 V2H2O through CaSO, V3H2O, the higher the apparent waters with reference to concrete corrosion. A. Kjennerue. crystallinity of the dihydrate, the higher is the dehydration tem Nord. Betong, 6 [3] 223-34 (1962).--K. studied the effect of perature and the slower is the rate of dehydration. 9 figs., 1 synthetic CCVcontaining aqueous solutions on hydrated cement table, 13 refs. Y.S. minerals prepared from pure clinker minerals. After 30 days Influence of surface-active agent on hardness of concrete. the minerals formed were studied with X rays and microscope. M. Yu. Leshchinskii. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 121 [5] 889-91 The aluminates were more resistant than the silicates at moderate (1958).--The coefficient of variability of a concrete surface CO2 concentration and low sulfate concentration. 4 figs., 2 wetted with a surface-active agent increases, and the hardness tables, 5 refs. 1 S.A.L. decreases. 2 tables, 11 refs. B.Z.K. Composition and structure of the hydration products of calcium Investigation of properties of calcium hydrosilicates. T. M. silicates of cements. Michel Venuat. Rev. Mater. Construct. Berkovich, D. M. Kheiker, O. I. Gracheva, L. S. Zevin, and K. 1. Trav. Publ., 1961, No. 555, pp. 481-90.---A review of the mineral Kupreeva. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 120 [4] 853--56 (1958).-- constituents of clinker. The composition and structure of The hydrosilicates CjSH(A), C2SH(C), CSH(B), C<SsHj, and calcium silicates resulting from hydration are discussed. 5 CSH(A) were prepared. Roentgenograms were obtained as tables, 3 figs., 38 refs. P.L.M. were curves of differential thermal analysis and weight loss od Concrete containing fly ash as a replacement for portland blast heating with a temperature rise of 20/min. The compressive furnace slag cement. W. E. Grieb and D. O. Woolf. Am. strength of C^SsHs was 1.5 times as great as that of CSH(B); Soc. Testing Materials Proc., 61, 1143-54 (1961).--Tests show bending strength was the same. The compressive strength of that fly ash can be used satisfactorily as a replacement for port- C,SsH5 was approx 20 times as great as that of CSH(A), but the land cement or Portland blast-furnace slag cement, but the bending strength was only 30% more. 4 figs., 11 refs. propetries of the concrete are affected by the carbon content of B.Z.K. the fly ash. It is indicated that the amount of fly ash used New approach to portland cement kiln refractory problems. should be correlated with the amount of lime released by the H. Parnham. Brit. Clayworker,. 72 [841] 159-64 (1962). cement. The adjusted mix, containing a low-carbon fly ash, The relative merits of high alumina, dolomite, and magnesia- will give strengths at 28 days equal to those of similar concrete based bricks in cement kilns are considered. Heat loss is 28% without fly ash. 5: tables, 3 figs., 8 refs. less for dolomite than for magnesia brick. Methods for installing Dust control in the cement industry. N. Pilpel. Brit. dolomite brick kiln linings are described in detail, and heating-up Chem. Eng., 7 [4] 258-63 (1962).--Portland cement manu procedure is recommended. 7 figs., 2 tables. C.E.L.F. facturing is described with emphasis on the reduction of dust Physicochemical interaction of the medium with hardened emission at the various stages. Bag filtration, electrostatic cement block, structural mortars, and concretes. Z. N. Tsito- precipitation, and cyclone collection equipment are discussed. sani. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 122 [4] 674-77 (1958).-The Brief mention is made of other methods of reducing or controlling liquid, while saturating the cement block, can at the same time dust. 7 figs., 2 tables, 13 refs. W.W.P. (1) reduce the strength as a result of the effect of the adsorptin" Effects of crystal state on the dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate. Michio Sekiya and Yasuo Sugiyama. Sekko To Sekkai, 1961, No.' 60, pp. 223-34.--Samples of CaSO, 2HiO layers and (2) increase resistance to destruction as a result of tf development of closely compressive forces from capillar}' pressure- 1 table, 1 fig., 6 refs. B.Z.K- were prepared by using various manufacturing methods of Plasticity figure of slaked lime for use as plaster. TsuP0 representative by-product gypsum in Japan. Microscopic study, Miyakawa, Yoshihisa Takakusa, and Manjiro Nakahn t DTA, and TGA were made. In the dehydration of CaSO, 2H20 Sekko To Sekkai, 1962, No. 60, pp. 235-39.- -The effects of P< Publ dura Been cont: adve solub of th early stren; cemei Re.1 Const) of lun measu Them terizet of syi These format gypsurwith al Ston Mater. parativ setting tests in months 34 Ceramic Abstracts Februar impervious to water,1 a block of rigid moisture-absorbent material in the container, a porous pot having capillary properties sup ported on the block, an annular open-topped vessel received in the container having a moisture-permeable floor in intimate con tact with, and supported from, the block, the top of the vessel being below the top of the container, an annular shell supDo ffrmomm ttbhoe ivreAscscAell nantidfi ociirrncnutmnesocrriiKbiinnrgr the pot in radially spaced ^ lation thereto, and a collar supported from the upper end of ^ shell, the collar having a flaring flange at least the inner perinhtlle of which is located above the upper end of the pot. D j III--Cements, Limes, and Plasters Aggregates for masonry grout. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 475-77. ASTM* Designation C 404-61.--Adopted in 1961. 1 table, 1 ref. 50 cents. W.W.P. Air-entraining additions for use in the manufacture of air- entraining portland [cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 38-44. ASTM Designation C 226-61 T.--Revised in 1961. 2 tables, 3 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Air-entraining portland cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 6-9. ASTM Designation C 175-61.--Revised in 1961. 2 tables, 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Applications of the:vacuum X-ray spectrometer to cement plant operations. Kenneth E. Palmer. Pit Quarry, 55 [1] 102-107, 179 (1962).--P. discusses the theory and instruments and de velops a sample operating technique for a combination of minerals selected as presenting special difficulties. Particle size distribu tion of the raw mix can be narrowed by a special grinding tech nique to produce accurate results and eliminate a mathematical correction for interelement effects. The possible analysis of a continuous slurry stream is also considered. 12 figs. D.J.B. Asbestos thermal insulating and finishing cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 784-85. ASTM Designation C 194-61 T. --Issued in 1961. 1 ref. 50 cents. W.W.P. Automatic vertical [cement kiln--50 years later. Ralph Iron- man. Rock Prod., 65 [8] 80-83 (1962).--For low outputs where only solid fuel is available, the vertical type kiln is still used. The most modem equipment for this type of operation at a new plant in Peggau, Austria, with peak output of 200 tons/day, is described. 7 figs. | D.J.B. Binding of lime in calcium hydrosilicates under normal condi tions. V. F. Abroseiikova, G. I. Logginov, and P. A. Rebinder. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 115 [3] 509-11 (1957).--A study was made of the kinetics of prolonged binding of Ca by sand with high specific surface (up to 2.9 mJ/g) from a saturated solution. The amount of bound Ca was determined from the difference between the activity of the starting solution of Ca(OH)2 and that of the same solution after reaction with the sand for a given time. The process consists of two stages: irreversible binding in the surface layer of sand grains during the first days and a further diffusion process which proceeds at constant rate. Data on X-ray struc tural analysis indicate that carbonation of Ca(OH)2 proceeds much more slowly than its silicification. 2 figs., 2 tables, 8 refs. ! B.Z.K. Bond strength of mortar to masonry units. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 1071-80. j ASTM Designation E 149-59 T.--Issued in 1959. 8 figs., 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Chemical analysis of portland cement (standard methods). ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 70-121. ASTM Designation C 114-61.--Revised in 1961. 1 fig., 2 tables, 12 refs. 75 cents. | W.W.P. Chemical analysis of portland cement (tentative methods). ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 122-27. ASTM Designation C 114-61 T.--Revised^in 1961. 1 fig., 7 refs. 50 cents. I W.W.P. Chemically setting :silicate-type chemical resistant mortars. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 421-22. ASTM Designation C 466-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 1 table, 2 refs. 50 cents. ! W.W.P. Chemicals quell dust. Anon. Rock Prod., 65 [8] 92 + 2 pp. (1962).--National Gypsum Co. uses a surface-active agent blended with water by a proportioning system and sprayed at dust in locations from the quarry throughout the whole processing system. 4 figs. : D.J.B. Compressive strength of molded concrete cylinders. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 721-23. ASTM Designation C 39-61.-- Revised in 1961. 1 ref.50 cents. W.W.P. Concrete aggregates. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 504- 509. ASTM Designation C 33-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 3 tables, 4 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Corrugated asbestos-cementsheets. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 4-8. ASTM Designation C 221-61.--Adopted in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Covering capacity and volume change upon drying of them, insulating cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. ASTM Designation C 166-61.--Revised in 1961. 50 cents. Diatomaceous silica thermal insulating cement. 1961, Part V, pp. 795-97. ASTM Designation 1 1 ref W.W.P ASTM Std C 197-6/1; Adopted in 1961. 1 ref. 50 cents. W.W.p' Don't throw away dust. George C. Lindsay. . Rck Prod 65 [7) 86-89, 125 (1962).--L. describes the automatic closed-]"8' dust-leaching system at the St. Louis plant of the Missouri p00*1 land Cement Co. The dust return system reduces the alkal^ content of the kiln product from 0.7 to 0.3-0.5%, reduces !* number of mud rings in the chain system of the kiln, eliminat 6 buildup of alkali sulfates as scale on the precipitator electrod ^ and simplifies the control of S03 with the gypsum addition figs. D.J B 6 Drying shrinkage of concrete block. ASTM Std., 1961 pa,, V, pp. 129-33. ASTM Designation C 426-61 T.--Revised 1961. 1 fig., 2 refs. 50 cents. WWp Effect of cement kiln dust on soil and plants. F. Scheffer E Przemeck, and W. Wilms. Staub, 21 [6] 251-54 (1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [6] 2 (1961).--A two-year field experiment showed no damage to plants from the deposition of cement kiln dust in the case of four agricultural crops. The possibility exists, however of an indirect influence on the plant yield and the substances con' tained in the plants from the soil, changes in the soil reaction, and nutrient. Under certain circumstances this may lead to impair ment of plant production. This can be counteracted by agricul tural countermeasures such as constant supervision of the soil properties and soil examination. Effects of some inorganic salts on the dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate. Michio Sekiya, Yasuo Sugiyama, and Shoichi Okamoto. Sekko To Sekkai, 1962, No. 61, pp. 263-72.--To 10 g of natural gypsum found in Ras Mallap ( -- 200 mesh sieve), 10 ml of 0.01 to 1% solutions of 4 chlorides, 4 nitrates, 3 sulfates, 2 carbonates, and 2 fluorides was added, and the mixture was dried at 50C. DTA showed the following results: (1) The chlorides lower the 1st and 2nd dehydration temperatures but have no effect on the 3rd dehydration temperature; an exother mic peak at approx 230C corresponding to the formation of a- CaSOr'Af^O is observed when CaClj (1%) or MgCU (0.1 to 1%) was added. (2) The effect of the nitrates on the dehydra tion is less than that of the chlorides. (3) The other salts have no effect on the dehydration. 6 figs., 1 table, 12 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1963, Jan., p. 2j. Y.S. Expanded or exfoliated vermiculite thermal insulating cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 792-94. ASTM Designation C 196-61.--Adopted in 1961. 1 ref. 50 cents. W.W.P. Factors affecting strength of field-fabricated concrete test beams. J. F. Crary and H. C. Fryer. Mater. Res. Std., 2 [5] 385-87 (1962).--The results of a statistical study of data from 444 beams made in the field having the same proportions throughout indicate that about half of the variation in flexural strength should be attributed to the 13 variables considered; the other half is unexplained. 4 tables, 5 refs. M.P.H. False set of portland cement (mortar method). ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 139-41. ASTM Designation C 359-61 T- Revised in 1961. 1 fig., 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Flat asbestos-cement sheets. ASTM Std., 1961, Part V, pp. 1-3. ASTM Designation C 220-61.--Revised in 1961. 4 tables. 50 cents. W.W.P. Flexural strength of hydraulic cement mortars. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 165-72. ASTM Designation C 348-61 T.-- Revised in 1961. 5 figs., 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 209-13. ASTM Designation C 230-61 T.- Revised in 1961. 1 fig. 50 cents. W.W.P. Hydraulic hydrated lime for structural purposes. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IV, pp. 225-30. ASTM Designation C 141--61. Revised in 1961. 1 table, 2 refs. 50 cents. W.W.P. Infrared absorption spectra of calcium sulfate dihydrate, bem- 60 i Ceramic Abstracts Febru Crystal growing process. Allan I. Bennet (Westinghouse trometer with a getter-ion pump. Ernest W. Boyer (Continent Electric Corp.). U.S. 3,058,915, Oct. 16, 1962. D.J.B. Oil Co.) U.S. 3,057,996, Oct. 9, 1962. D T r"9' Device for X-ray spectrochemical analysis by means of fluo Method ffoA.r 4th.i_e~ growth o-f pref_e_r_e__n_t_i_a_l_l_y__o__rie__nite.jd s.ingle crv rescent radiation. Sjoerd Wytzes (North American Philips Co., -uls of metals. Theodore H. Orem (United States of ArneP Inc.). U.S. 3,060,314, Oct. 23, 1962. D.J.B. a as represented by the Secretary of Commerce). U.S. 3 OfiO Electrochemical determination of fluorides. George H. Farrah (Aluminum Co. of America). U.S. 3,058,901, Oct. 16, Oct. 23, 1962. j).J b ' Process for separating rare earths and yttrium by ion exchan 1962. i D.J.B. _ [resin]. Pawel Krumholz and Kasimierz J. Bril jjs Growing single crystals from a molten mass with a linear 054,655, Sept. 18, 1962. ' djb'' isotherm. Juraj Eckstein and Zdenek Wachtl. Czech. 94,- Treatment of zeolitic molecular sieves to inhibit polymerizati 996, April 15,1960; them. Abstr., 55 [3] 2217g (1961). of olefins. N. V. de Bataafsche Petroleum MaatschaD Method and apparatus for the continuous colorimetric deter b Brit. 842,431, July 27,1960; Chem. Abstr., 55 [2] 1968i(1961} P'J' mination of the individual components of a [liquid] mixture. Wolfgang Grassmann and Kurt Hannig. U.S. 3,059,524, Oct. See also Sect. V: Elastic stresses produced by indentation 23, 1962. | D.J.B. _ plane surface of a semi-infinite elastic solid by an elastic spheri Method and apparatus for operating an analytical mass spec- punch. XV--General Glass dust--a study of its biologic effects. P. Gross, Marian carbonate filler produced slightly more local reaction than th L. Westrick, and J. M. McNemey. A.M.A. Arch. Ind. Health, with a calcium sulfate filler. Flake glass had the least effect 21, 10-23 (Jan. 1960); APCA Abstr., 5 [10] 7 (1960).--A study _ None of the substances caused fibrosis except Fiberglas implanted on animals showed no effect of glass dust and glass flakes on the subcutaneously. 60 conjunctiva. No toxic or traumatic effect was demonstrable on Plant organization for quality control. G. F. Finzer r the gastrointestinal tract. There was no bronchial disease at Can. Ceram. Soc., 31, 104-105 (1962). JJD tributable to the dust. Compared with kaolin, fine glass dust d Production of antibodies by quartz and beryllium oxide was even more benign in pulmonary effects because the stored A. Collet, G. A. Voisiri, and F. Toullet. Arch. Environ Health dust remained alveolar instead of occupying interstitial positions and therefore was more readily mobilized and cleared from the 2 [4] 409-17 (1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [1] 6 (1961).--Three groups of guinea pigs were used: a control group, a group given injec- lung. __ tions of quartz -J- homologous cells + homologous serum, and a Histology of iron deposits in silicosis among porcelain workers. group given injections of beryllium oxide + homologous cells + H. Otto and R. Maron. Arch. Gewerbepathol. Gewerbehyg., homologous serum, according to the usual method for maximal 17 [2] 117-26 (1959); APCA Abstr., 5 [8] 9 (I960).--Earlier immunization. The results showed that no antibodies were work indicated that normal lungs had an iron content, measured formed against the substances tested. None of the treated as FejOa, as high as 3.4 g with an average of 0.3 g. Similarly animals showed hypersensitivity to quartz, BeO, or homologous measured, the content of the lungs of persons who had worked in dusty industries ranged from 0.4 to 10.0 g. The authors made a serum. A moderate hypersensitivity was produced in the animals of the two treated groups for homologous polynuclear histological and histochemical study of 40 cases of porcelain _ leukocytes. silicosis. The iron reaction was typical only of severe siderosis; Some oxidative and hydroxylative actions of quartz--their in a low-grade silicosis with predominantly tubercular damage, possible relation to the development of silicosis. L. W. Marasas the iron reaction was correspondingly slight, indicating a pos and J. S. Harrington. Nature, 188, 1173-74 (Dec. 31, I960); sibility of the use of this reaction in a differential diagnosis. , APCA Abstr., 7 [1] 7 (1961).--The existence of a special surface Hygiene characteristics of mica dust. I. K. Pushkina. 1 activity possessed by siliceous dusts and silicates has been re Gigiena i Sanit., 25 [8] 18-23 (1960); APCA Abstr., 6 [11] 2 ported. A correlation appears to exist between the oxidative (1961).--X-ray examinations of workers at industrial plants activity of the dusts and the known fibrogenetic potential of the using mica indicate j the possible occurrence of chronic lung _ materials examined. A connection between particle size and diseases of pneumocoriiotic etiology. activity also seems apparent in coarse quartz and other quartz Impact of materials science and materials engineering on dusts of a smaller size. ceramic engineering. Joseph A. Pask. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bulb., Sudan's ceramic industries. A. Lee Bennett. Ceram. 42 [1] 23-24 (1963). 1 Methods of preparation of silica-containing dusts for use in 9 biological research, i E. Occella and G. Maddalon. Med. News, 11 [8] 14-15 (1962).--B. describes the manufacture of brick and sewer pipe in open-air plants near Khartoum. D.J.B. Lavoro, 52 [5] 382-90 (1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [12] 5 (1962).-- Types of asbestos, their study by optical methods, and their The mineralogy laboratory of the Clinica del Lavoro of Milan _ pathogenic action. K. G. Schmidt. Staub, 20 [6] 173-80 Univ. has prepared a 'series of samples of fine silica-containing or (1960); APCA Abstr., 7 [1] 4 (1961).--With the polarization inert, dusts, classified and defined granulometrically, for the and phase contrast microscopes it is comparatively simple to study of the etiology of silicosis. The origin and synthesis of distinguish eleven types of asbestos. Chrysotile, amosite, and the prime materials ^quartz, opal, diatomaceous earth, chal- fa crocidolite asbestos are dangerous, and tremolite or anthophyl- cedony, tridvmite, cristobalite, silica glass) are reviewed, to lite may cause illness. Too little is known about the other gether with grinding, techniques and methods of classification types. All asbestos dusts should be treated as being injurious to used to obtain dusts mostly <3/i in diameter. the lungs. Pathogenicity of . glass reinforced plastics--experimental _ inquiries by injection or external application techniques. G. W. H. Schepers. Arch. Environ. Health, 2 [6] 20-34 (1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [4] 7-8 (1961).--The tissue damaging effects of Light-scattering coatings for the inside of light bulbs. Pieter flake glass and of two |Varieties of Fiberglas plastic with a calcium { W. Haaijman, Gerardus H. Janssen, and Petrus C. van der carbonate filler were explored. Although all these substances Linden (N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken). Dutch 90,572, are comparatively inert, the Fiberglas plastic with a calcium April 15,1959; Chem. Abstr., 55 [5] 4914g (1961). XVI--Books Advances in X-Ray Analysis: Vol. 5, Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis, August 1961. Edited by William M. Mueller. 1962. Plenum Press, New York 11. | xi + 564 pp., illus. $17.50.--This volume contains 48 of the 56 papers presented at the conference. A particular merit of this series of volumes is their rapid publication after the actual conferences. Many of the papers obviousy deal with work in progress rather than with completed invcs tigations, and in the discussions which are recorded, some aui agree that their work is nowhere near completion. The di sions make very interesting reading, in some cases bringing the inadequacies of the methods used and in other cases provi valuable c< concerned v Pow' 'j'he progress i. the slow deand the st powder da the study o ments. A structure a work on be other high diagrams, c bonding an of value to n The 46 r -j'wo subjec number of a distribution high-tempei ods but car tribution o of chemical kaolinite at is not affect (pp. 274-75 lybdenite" reviewer wa recent devel patterns; it has been ma of papers d considers th, geneity in m is the subji fications of small areas,: While the la point-by-poi may provide not really e: adequate su Abstr., 1962, Aerodynar, ference Spoc Arthur D. Li Peter E. Gla N. J. xi + papers plus 5 conference, that the eon derived from materials mai typecommen e.g., the X-lf are on some o vehicles. Th with cooled ; preponderanc high tempera actual aerodcoated refrae book is neve new to the aer In reading (pp. v-vii), Papers by Gu be read first (liter this per ,n almost any I"he chapters I Presenting a g analytical coi i themes and . First Wee 2?qS)- 1961 419 pp., ill Meeting of i ,lshed. Thf 90 Ceramic Abstracts March L. Shelton, Jr. (International Business Machines Corp.). U.S. 3,064,519, Nov. 20, 1962. D.J.B. Spectroscopic apparatus. Jason L. Saunderson and Eliot Du Bois (Baird-Atomic, Inc.). U.S. 3,064,520, Nov. 20, 1962. D.J.B. Stable aqueous suspensions based on lused alumina. Georg Buehler and Hans Feulner. Ger. (East) 17,722, Oct. 21, 1959; Chetn. Abstr., 55 [2] 2052c (1961). Temperature regulator for chromatographs. Walter Don and Don W. Carle (Beckman Instruments, Inc.). U.S 3 Ofi/1 037, Nov. 6, 1962. D.Jb See also Sect. VIII: Quantitative studies of high-temperat reactions of quartz-kaolinite-feldspar mixtures. Sect, jy6 Electrical conductivity and thermodynamic equilibrium ' ' nickel oxide. ln XV--General Austrian regulations governing the solubility of lead from Dust measurements in the ceramic industry. H. A. Blasi on-glaze decorated porcelain. H. Haeffner. Ber. Deut. Keram. and D. Claus. Keram. Z., 14 [7] 394-99 (1962).--Measurement* Ges., 39 [9] 460-61 (1962).--The regulation (January 1961) with the Konimeter (microscopic examination of a deposit on 5 limits the amount of Pb extracted by 4% acetic acid solution -- slide), the thermal precipitator, and the microfilter are describe/ during 24 hr at room temperature to 2 mg/liter of contents. Typical data for various departments in a factory are given 7 :Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1962, May, p. 120d. J.A.S. photos, 1 table, 17 refs. J As Chemistry of the surface of silica and silicosis. U. Hofmann. Dust technology. W. Gruender. VDI (Ver. Deut. Invr )7 Ber. Deut. Keram. Ges., 39 [5] 272-79 (1962).--A review. 8 c 103, 683-86 (May 1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [6] 11 (1961).--Thi' figs., 3 tables, 35 refs. J.A.S. annual survey of the various aspects of dust technology fs ac Chronic shortness of breath and its treatment by aerosol companied by a bibliography of 55 references, all but a few item therapy. Wolfgang Graupner. Keram. Z., 14 [7] 392-93 (1962). of which were published in 1959 and 1960. The information --A review with special reference to the inhalation apparatus -- reviewed includes dust counting techniques, dust hygiene made by Pari-Werk Paul Ritzau, Starberg am See, Bavaria, combustible industrial dusts, dust technology, dust emission' Germany. 2 photos. J.A.S. and dust depositing. Clean air in ceramic factories. H. Schuetz. Keram. Z., 14 [7] Dust-feed mechanism suitable for fibrous dust. P. f. Holt 399-406 (1962).--A'detailed description is given of the sources d and D. K. Young. Ann. Occupational Hyg. (London), 2 249 sr of dangerous dust and the design of the filter system including (Nov. 1960); APCA Abstr., 8 [3] 4 (1962).--Apparatus p* bench hoods, ductwork, fans, and filter apparatus. 18 figs. viously used for maintaining a dusty atmosphere for inhalation J.A.S. experiments often failed when applied to fibrous dusts. An Comparative concentration of silica in parent material and -- apparatus is described which will automatically maintain a dust- in airborne particulate matter. M. Sheinbaum. Am. Ind. laden atmosphere for long periods at a reasonably steady level Hyg. Assoc. J,, 22, 313-17 (Aug. 1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [6] A simple method of varying the dust level is provided, and there 5 (1961).--A progress report is presented on the relation between are adequate safeguards against failure. the silica concentration of airborne particulate matter and the e Fine glass fiber paper for air sampling. D. C. Stevens and parent material from which it has been generated. Thirty R. F. Hounam. Ann. Occupational Hyg. (London), 3, 5g-63 airborne samples were collected by impingers or membrane filters, (Jan. 1961); APCA Abstr., 7 [7] 7 (1961).--The paper combines and parent materials were collected as grab or ledge samples. a low resistance to airflow with high collection efficiency for The Talvitie method for free silica determination was used for -- aerosols. The excellence of performance of fiber glass compared analysis of parent materials. Phase microscopy was used to with that of other filter papers previously used for air sampling analyze airborne particulate matter. Of the 30 sampling sites, for particulate contamination, at air velocities of 12.5 to 250 19 were located within 6 ft of operations producing dust and 11 cm/sec, is outlined in a table. The fine glass fibers, however, are were located at greater distances. Data indicate that the con- j susceptible to deterioration when the dusts so collected are centration of free silica in the breathing zone of the operator is treated chemically, and an analysis of the paper indicated that about the same as that in the parent material in cases where certain chemical elements might interfere with a spectrographic operators were within 6 ft of the operation. analysis of dusts collected on it. It has the advantage of having Control of beryllium hazards. C. L. Lindeken and O. L. -- a surface texture which lends itself to direct microscopic ex Meadors. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 21, 245-51 (June 1960); amination of the collected dust. APCA Abstr., 6 [4] 1 (1960).--With the exception of certain Significance of surface finish on friction, wear, and lubrica radioisotopes, the toxicity of beryllium probably exceeds that tion. A. Sonntag. Ind. Diamond Rev., 20 [234] 86-90, 92-99 of any material previously used in industry. A continuing air Q (1960).--A general review of surface finish is given with respect monitoring program is required to evaluate the performance of to its definition and measurement. Test data are presented for enclosures and to assure that hazardous concentrations of surface geometry related to boundary friction, wear, and lubri beryllium are not released to the room atmosphere. As a working rule, a beryllium concentration of about 0.2 jig/m3 is considered as an alert, and immediate attempts are made to remedy the -- cation. Who 26 figs., 4 tables, 21 refs. selects materials. E. J. Tangerman. W.B.C. Prod. Eng, situation. The enclosures described have been applied to 33 [26] 58-61 (1962).--Engineering departments usually specify operations ranging from chemical processing of finely divided materials according to company standards, but there is increasing beryllium oxide powder to machining of elemental beryllium cast- b emphasis on process economics, which involves the manufactur ings. ing departments. 8 figs. W.W.P. XVI--Books Analyses of Ancient Glasses 1790-1957--A Comprehensive and periods and to any chronological differences in composition. Critical Survey. Earle R. Caley. 1962. Corning Museum of The last chapter deals with the physical and chemical alteration Glass Monographs, Vol. 1. Coming Glass Center, Corning, -- of glass long buried in the soil. This book is Volume I in a New York. 115 pp., 133 tables. $7.50.--The Corning Museum planned series of publications by the Corning Museum of Glass of Glass and Professor Caley have done good service to those dealing with the history of glass in all of its aspects: scientific, interested in glass by bringing together in a well-produced volume economic, aesthetic, and literary. Later volumes can be awaited all the known analytical data for glass up to 1957. The analyzed 1 with interest. Marie Farnsworth samples date from the earliest times through the 5th century Building Research. 1961. Department of Scientific and a.d. The analyses, made between 1790 and 1957, are reinter Industrial Research. 1962. v + 89 pp., illus. Price 8s. 6" preted and evaluated in the light of modern knowledge. The _ Available from H. M. Stationery Office, London. Cf. Ceram. first two chapters gather together the existing data in chronologi Abstr., 1961, Nov., p. 275i. ,. cal order. The next three chapters deal with Egyptian, Near and Clays and Clay Minerals--Proceedings of the Eighth National Far Eastern, and Roman glass. In these chapters special at Conference, Norman, Oklahoma, October, 1959. Edited by tention is given to any distinguishing characteristics of the chemi Ada Swineford and Paul C. Franks. 1960. Pergamon Press' cal composition of glass fora particularcivilization at certain Inc., New York 22. ix + 292 pp., illus. $9.50.--This volume 108 Ceramic Abstracts April tension cell and a compression cell are described. 12 figs., 11 Method of making a high temperature thermocouple. oiUf n refs. H.T.H. Sheming (George H. Roach). U. S. 3,069,752, Dec. 25, 1962 ' Tensile strength checked by hydrostatic tester. Anon. The method comprises fitting a pair of thermocouple wires' ^ Prod. Eng., 34 [2] : 84 (1963).--The tensile strength of brittle Q tubular housing having an open upper end and a closed lower ^ 3 materials can be determined with a hydrostatic tester designed filling the housing with an inert, high temperature resist*^' at Stanford Research Institute. 2 figs. W.W.P. powder, and compacting the powder with a tamping tool. 3nt Thermocouple performance in gas streams. J. C. Faul. Instr. Control Systems, 35 [12] 104--106 (1962).--Error sources in _ D.J.g Pressure and temperature sensmg device for high pressi' measuring the temperature of gas streams by five types of apparatus. Armando A. Giardini and John E. Tydings (Un> thermocouple are discussed, and correction data are given. 4 States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Arm *? figs. W.W.P. U. S. 3,067,465, Dec. 11, 1962. DJb ' Ultrafine dust--its effective removal by suspension filters. E. 5 Temperature indicating device. Roland W. Roberts Giovannini. Wasser Luft Betrieb, 6, 305-309 (Sept., 1961); William T. Conry (Westinghouse Electric Corp.). U. g. 3 q??1* APCA Abstr., 8 [8] 1-2 (1963).--The technique of ultrafiltration 698, Dec. 18, 1962.--An apparatus for indicating the high r has been developing rapidly in the field of chemical and physical temperature of a plurality of temperatures to be sensed comnn^ research, but only recently has it been approved in dust filtra- -- a like phuality of saturable reactor circuits. jy j jj tion. The filtering material can be cellulose, asbestos, glass Temperature reference block. Douglas P. Hines (q-- ' wool, etc., but it always has a characteristic massing of many Electric Co.). U. S. 3,069,909, Dec. 25, 1962.--The - ^ fibers unequally or randomly spaced. The process is especially comprises a body of metallic material with an anodic oxide fii effective in filtering submicroscopic particles. c 4thVieAr*mmna1llvlyT courp\lliMinrgr aa currentt AcoAntiHdluIActtiiMnAg elementa1avvia4> tot1he ^ material. dn.Jtetba~lhc PATENTS Thermal emissivity device. Donald R. Kerstetter (SylVa Apparatus for testing heat responsive devices. Raymond D. Electric Products, Inc.). U. S. 3,069,893,' Dec. 25, 1962-- Brunson (Howell Instruments, Inc.). U. S. 3,067,604, Dec. 11, _ process comprises blackening both surfaces of a calibrating Sami/ 1962. D.J.B. equal in surface area to a preselected test sample, heating th Catalyst coated thermocouple elements. Joseph H. Tracht calibrating sample to the temperature T\ and the atniospher (Gulf Research & Development Co.). U. S. 3,070,645, Dec. 25, adjacent it to 7o, blackening one surface of the test sample 1962.--The thermocouple has a coating on its hot junction of d applying to it the prescribed amount of heat to raise the at catalytic material capable of promoting an exothermic .eaction mosphere adjacent the test sample to To, and registering the T of fuel reactants contacted therewith, the leads of the thermo of the test sample, the thermal emissivity being in accordance couple being noncatalytic with respect to the reaction. D.J.B. with the equation e = (2(7V -- 7V) -- (7V -- 7V))/(7y _ Device for the measurement of the density of pulverulent or -- To*)- D.J.B. liquid materials. Mario Ballestra. U. S. 3,067,622, Dec. 11, Thermocouple. Robert B. Clark (General Electric Co) 1962.--The device continuously and simultaneously determines U. S. 3,071,636, Jan. 1, 1963.--The thermocouple comprises a the density and the humidity of a pulverulent material. closed end tubular sheath, a pair of thermocouple leads, a core of D.J.B. Machine for testing hardness and wear characteristics of e insulating material in the housing separating the leads from the abrasive materials. Paul R. Gjertsen. U. S. 3,069,892, Dec. 25, sheath, the thermocouple junction extending beyond the insulat 1962. D.J.B. ing material, and two diametrically opposed apertures in the Measuring and comparing device of the [optical] pyrometer -- sheath shaped and positioned relative to the junction to introduce type. Donald D. Vawter (North American Aviation, Inc.). turbulence flow into the moving fluid flowing past the junction. U. S. 3,068,746, Dec. 18, 1962. D.J.B. D.J.B. XII--Kilns, Furnaces, Fuels, and Combustion Industrial applications of beta-ray excited X rays: VHI, Determination of sulfur in heavy oil by tritium bremsstrahlung absorption method.' Shigemasa Enomoto, Tomihiko Furuta, Chizuo Mori, and Yutaka Ishihara. Nagoya Kogyo Gijulsu -- Shikensho Hokoku, 10 [10] 636-41 (1961). 6 figs., 2 tables, 11 refs. IX, Rapid determination of the ash content of coal with the absorption method using tritium bremsstrahlung. Shigemasa Enomoto, Chizuo Mori, and Tomihiko Furuta. Ibid., [11] 721- g 27.--A tritium source containing 6 curies in the form of the gas absorbed on a thin layer of titanium vacuum evaporated upon a -- copper disk and a vessel with a beryllium bottom 0.5 mm thick were used. The effective energy of X rays passing through coal samples in the vessel was measured by means of an energy spectrometer with a proportional counter. The ash content h was determined by measuring the intensity of X rays passing through samples with a Geiger-Miiller counter. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The intensity or effective energy of the transmitted X rays corresponds to the thickness or de- scription of the coal samples, and the calibration curve for the estimation of ash content was obtained for the respective de scription. (2) Using the mass absorption coefficients of the ash and combustion elements of samples of each description, the V calibration curves obtained agreed well with those based on the theory of monochromatic X-ray absorption analysis. (3) The experimental error for the estimation of ash content with 5 min utes' counting was about 0.5 to 1.0% ash for samples of 16 to 23% ash. The calorific value of coal was also estimated with similar accuracy. 7 figs., 1 table, 11 refs. For part VII see Ceram. Abstr., 1962, Jan., p. 18/. K.F. Possibility of drying ceramic materials with electrical current. Karel Maurer. Sklar Keram., 10 [1] 10-13 (1960).--The possi bility of negative and dielectric drying of a ceramic body is dis cussed. Principles of the experimental procedures, the results, and their evaluation are described. 9 figs., 15 refs. A.D. PATENTS Electrical device for induction furnaces. John T. Vaughan (National Research Corp.). U.S. 3,055,959, Sept. 25, 1962.-- The device regulates the voltage and power factor of an alter nator. D.J.B. Furnace roller. Glovd H. Young and Carrol Cone (Mid- land-Ross Corp.). U.S. 3,070,362, Dec. 25, 1962. D.J.B. Heat exchangers in furnaces for the sintering of magnesite, dolomite, or cement. Herbert Kitzrow (Rheinische Kalkstein- werke, G.m.b.H.). Ger. 1,071,571, Dec. 17, 1959; Chem. Abstr., 55 [12] 11786a (1961). Method and apparatus for generating electrical power from solar energy. Harry A. Toulmin, Jr. (Commonwealth Engineer ing Co. of Ohio). U. S. 3,070,643, Dec. 25, 1962 --The unit comprises thermoelectric elements arranged to form a hollow body having an inner wall with a metallic mass in heat-conducting relation to it, a lens system to concentrate rays of the sun onto the metallic mass to energize the thermoelectric elements by radia tion from the metallic mass, and means within the hollow body to reflect heat rays radiated from the metallic mass against the inner wall of the hollow body to further energize the thermoelec tric elements. D.J.B. Sampling device and method for analysis of [condensed] furnace gases. Stanley Krinov (Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.)- U.S. 3,070,990, Jan. 1, 1963. D.J.B. Seal for rotating cylinders such as kilns, etc. Alexander J- Roubal (Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.). U.S. 3,068,015, Dec. 1 1962.--The seal comprises a cylinder with a flange, a jaw at ranged radially outward from it, the jaw and cylinder being adapted to grasp a cable arranged parallel to the flange, clamp for engaging both the jaw and the cylinder operative move the jaw radially inward toward the cylinder. D.J- Chromite eos- MMiinnee jneralogic - tables, 7- refCs-olor tecl maten81/ " 40 oils [1] 49-5 lithogr: and stampu thetic medn based on sj mineral oils 1962, April, Diamond 1962 Suppl-, 62 T.--Issu< Environm- jvjicholls. physical ant cate those oi characteristi sidering the the chief chi cation--O-- cation--O b the stability Cs are lost, i Degraded m to the basil terials, in co may liberati elements. I weathering, ment but m: The thermoc. closed systei The attack o ses. The fc carbonates i: ment and tclay mineral radii may bi face potentia on interlayei sorption. Pi matter. Boi sediments is 1 B than fresh ter, includin; carbon, also refs. Expandabl carbonate re M. N. A. I (1961).--The bonate rocks considered ir CO2-H2O, an niay be plott and H2O are w excess. C minerals, det Positions of v topologic rec ordering, like vermiculite h lo vermiculit: Dibbsite v Jersey, Wil (1961).-- Yen 122 Ceramic Abstracts APril XV--General Acidity and alkalinity of industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1528-33. ASTM Designation D 1884-61 T.-- Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. a Analysis of industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1379-84. ASTM Designation D 1256-61.--Adopted in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. _ Chloride in high-purity industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1534-36. ASTM Designation D 1885-61 T.-- Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Collection and analysis of dustfall. ASTM Std., 1961, Part , 10, pp. 1585-88. ASTM Designation D 1739-60 T.--Issued in 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P. Consistent quality control as an effective means of reducing production costs in the ceramic industry. H. Klepsch. Silikat _ J., 1962, No. 5, pp. 176-77. N.W.S. Continuous analysis and automatic recording of the sulfur dioxide content of the atmosphere. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1635-49. ASTM Designation D 1355-60.--Adopted in c 1960. 50 cents. ; W.W.P. Development in building materials--prospect for the future. F. M. Lea. Chtm. Ind. (London), 1962, No. 43, pp. 1840-46.-- A survey covers research and development in the building indus- _ try with particular reference to future trends in the use of ma terials such as cement, fired clay, and plastics. 3 tables, 1 ref. V.S.R. Dissolved and gaseous hydrogen in industrial water. ASTM d Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1470-75. ASTM Designation D 1588- 60.--Adopted in'i960. 50 cents. W.W.P. Dissolved oxygen in industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1476-83. ASTM Designation D 1589-60.-- _ Adopted in 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P. Fluoride ion in industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1328-38. ASTM Designation D 1179-61.--Revised in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. e Hardness in industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1298-1302. 1ASTM Designation D 1126-60.--Revised in 1960. 50 cents. W.W.P. Iron in industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM _ Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1282-89. ASTM Designation D 1068- 61 T.--Revised in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Mass concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1619-26. ASTM Designation j D 1899-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Measurement of beta particle radioactivity of industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1569-77. ASTM Designation D 1890-61 T.--Issued in 1961. -- 50 cents. - W.W.P. Measurement of gamma radioactivity of industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1505- 1509. ASTM Designation D 1690-61.--Adopted in 1961. 50 Q cents. W.W.P. Nickel in industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1537-42. ASTM! Designation D 1886-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. -- Nitrite ion in industrial water. . ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1370-74. ASTM Designation D 1254-60.--Adopted 1960. 50 cents. wWp kb Operating performance of cation-exchange materials-soH' cycle. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1514-20. ASTM l) nation D 1782-60 T.--Issued in 1960. 50 cents. W Particulate matter in the atmosphere. ASTM Std. Part 10, pp. 1627-34. ASTM Designation D 1704_gj6*> Adopted in 1961. 50 cents. w.w.P;" Present tendencies in the Ind. Ceram., 1962, No. 542, ceramic industry: pp. 239-44.--New mI. arkkePttsBaiUn dsran- fields as electronics, nuclear power, and astronautics are jp cussed. The trend of new products is away from the aluminosilicates toward simple single phase crystalline i of high purity. Manufacture is often based on modification W'S traditional methods. 6 figs. II. Ibid., No. 543, pp. 281-jjg * Production has developed without sudden change. It has marked particularly by an increase in output and qualh Research is being carried out in three main fields: improvem J of production, methods of testing and control, and standard'6"* tion. By way of illustration, a comparison is made of the artil published in J. Am. Ceram. Soc. in 1940 and in 1960. Ment'^ is made of the competition from other materials, such as h'011 resisting metals and plastics. Energetic publicity based on th* excellent properties of ceramic materials is necessary to comba the ignorance of the general public, who seem to attach less and less importance to ceramic products. 19 figs. l.J m Silica in high-purity water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part IQ D 1501-1504. ASTM Designation D 1689-61 T.--Revised *' 1961. 50 cents. W.W p W Specific gravity of industrial water and industrial waste water ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1452-55. ASTM Designation D 1429-60.--Adopted in 1960. 50 cents. W.W p Statistical quality control--some case histories in ceramics Harry Kleinkauf. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 42 [3] 101-103(1953) --The use of statistical procedures in controlling the moisture added to a dry body, in evaluating shrinkage variations and setting tolerances, and in finding the causes of variation is de scribed. 3 figs., 1 table, 3 refs. Sticking of dust to walls (during blowing). E. Muschelknautz and P. Fischdr. Naturwissenschaften, 49 [2] 33 (1962).--The sticking of dust to plates was investigated experimentally at different speeds and with different nozzle diameters. The results are discussed briefly. 1 fig. G.B. Suspended and dissolved solids in industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1548-60. ASTM Designation D 1888- 61 T.--Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Terms relating to industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1316-22. ASTM Designation D 1129-61.--Revised in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Total chromium in industrial water and industrial waste water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10, pp. 1490-95. ASTM Designation D 1687-61.--Adopted in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. Turbidity of industrial water. ASTM Std., 1961, Part 10: pp. 1561-68. ASTM Designation D 1889-61 T.--Issued in 1961. 50 cents. W.W.P. XVI--Books Consolidated Index of Selected Property Values--Physical Chemistry and Thermodynamics. Prepared by the Office of Critical Tables. 1962. Natl. Acad. Set.--Natl. Res. Council Publ., No. 976, xxiii + 275 pp. $6.--The Consolidated Index is a key to the contents of publications that present critically evaluated numerical property values. This initial volume con tains in codified form the contents of the following six compila tions of physicochemical and thermodynamic data: Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44; Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds, Manufacturing Chemists Association Research Project; Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, Natl. Bur. Standards (U. S.) Circ., No. 500; Thermodynamic Properties of the Ele ments, D. R. Stull and G. C. Sinke; Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy, U. S. Bur. Mines Bull., Nos. 383, 384, 393, 406, 407, 477, 542, 584; Selected Values for the Thermo dynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, Minerals Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Dana's System of Mineralogy: Vol. HI, Silica Minerals. Clifford Frondel. 1962. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 16. 334 pp., illus. S7.95.--The properties of silica (SiOi), one of the most abundant materials of the earth's crust and an important component in many ceramic systems, have been the subject of a voluminous literature. The importance of silica as a material in widespread use and occurrence is ample justi fication for the compilation and critical review of published litera ture. Although intended as a professional reference work for earth scientists, this volume will be of interest and use to scientists working in many fields, including ceramics. An introductory section describes the phase relations of silica, structurally jej lated materials, and poorly defined polymorphs. Ceramists find this section concise and comprehensive. Structural ana op and structurally related materials are tabulated for each po) morph. ,_ The text presents the properties of the silica polymorphs ro^ the viewpoint of the mineralogist. Physical, chemical, an cry^ tallographic properties of silica minerals are given m 138 Ceramic Abstracts May 1963 with increase in the power dissipated, and the power dissipation Marcel A. R. Point (Soc. Anon, de Machines ElectrostatiqUp \ required to attain a given efficiency increases with decrease in U. S. 3,075,706, Jan. 29, 1963. D.J b S ` particle size of the dust or mist. The efficiency is nearly inde Hydraulic horizontal press with two series of multiple chambe pendent of the size,, design, and geometry of the scrubber and of the method by which the power is applied to the contacting a for pressing with filter plates for very high production. Ant0 * Vitali (Societa per Azioni Macchine per l'lndustria Dolcia process. 3 figs., 33 refs. Ill, Electrostatic filter. Waldemar Carle & Montanari). U. S. 3,073,238, Jan. 15, 1963. D.J rneter' designe< by a *" suitable 0.01 to j Effect Koglin. AM 4- R (in Sprechsaal, 95 121]), 2 [21] al99-207 Manufacture of articles from powdered materials. James p resist11' (1962).--The design, performance, and application of the electro Glenn (Westinghouse Electric Corp.). U. S. 3,075,244, Jan 29 static filter are presented. Its main advantages are high sepa 1963.--The method comprises pressing loose powdered materi i ration yields with the finest particles (dry or wet, hot (over to form a barrel-shaped compact, elastically deforming the c0In 450C) or cold), continuous operation, few and slowly rotating pact along the longitudinal axis thereof by extrusion, and sit]ter parts, low pressure and temperature losses, low energy con b ing to produce a cylindrical body. Dj g sumption, and easy maintenance. 10 figs., 12 refs. Cf. Ceram. Method and apparatus for drilling minute holes in Sffi Abstr., 1960, Nov., p. 264h. L.M. Earthenware centrifugal pump. Vaclav Aubrecht. Sklar Keram., 10 [5] 144 (1960). 1 fig., 1 ref. A.D. ceramic wafers, etc. George F. Fisher (Midland Mfg. Co., W]1 U. S. 3,074,392, Jan. 22, 1963. D.J.B " Method for removing complex sodium aluminum silicate scale resistant order Cu Preparation of clays for electron microscope examination. G. Serwatzky. Sprechsaal, 95 [21] 559-65 (1962).--S. studied Grover L. Dobbins (Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corn P U. S. 3,074,823, Jan. 22, 1963.--A method for removing scale from in tempt Gas m the suitability of existing methods of preparing clay minerals for apparatus used in an alkaline process for alumina refining com 11 [121 examination. Reproducible results are obtained only if great c prises dissolving the scale in a solution of 10 to 12.5% (vol) SU| describe! care is taken to disintegrate the clay with a dispersion agent and furic acid, a small amount of a surface active agent, and the range 1 an effective shaking process. NHiOH and NaoP,0; were inferior balance water. D.J.g pressure: to certain organic reagents; best results were obtained with Multiple unitizer. Richmond L. Davis, William C. Williams Graph tertiary-butylamine diluted with distilled water (1:700). Ultra and James L. Hanner (United Carbon Co., Inc.). U. S. 3,073,43^ Chem. D sonic vibration destroys illite and montmoi illonite and should not be used. 15 figs., 4 refs. L.M. Radioactive isotopes in bin and level indication of granular Jan. 15, 1963.--The turntable unitizing device provides for sunni' taneously erecting on pallets units which comprise superimposed layers, each of which, in turn, comprises subunits. D.J.B seals, elb are show Pipetti materials and liquids. C. Mueller. AM + R (in Sprechsaal, 95 d, Particle separation method. Norman G. Anderson (United J. S. Clai [3]), 2 [3] al7-19 (1962).--Measurement of bin loads by means of radiation indicators is discussed. 4 figs., 6 refs. L.M. States of America as represented by the U. S. Atomic Enerzv Commission). U. S. 3,075,694, Jan. 29, 1963.--A process for in. --A port Prepar Vacuum equipment and dust removal in the ceramic industry. creasing the rate of sedimentation of particles of molecular size for cheir Friedmund Rueb. Sprechsaal, 94 [23] 597-604 (1961).--Prob in a suspension comprises positioning insoluble powdered material 262-70. lems are discussed, and the equipment required for individual or in a centrifuge cell, introducing the suspension into the cell 6 tables, central dust removal and precipitation is described. The re centrifuging the cell to pack the powdered material, adding Salt si cycling of the purified air is discussed in regard to silicosis pro additional powdered material, and again centrifuging to cause the pp. 134- tection. 19 figs. L.M. e particles to impinge upon the surfaces of the powdered material and induce preferential flow of fluid richer in the particles in the direction of the centrifugal force. D.J.B. 6 refs. I Statist: (London] PATENTS Plural reaction chamber press for high pressures. Francis variance; Abrasive drilling apparatus. Allen E. Dilliard and Edward L. P. Bundy (General Electric Co.). U. S. 3,075,245, Jan. 29 of particl Mifflin, Jr. (United States of America as represented by the 1963. D.J.B. Study 1 Secretary of the Army). U. S. 3,075,318, Jan. 29, 1963.--An Process for wet grinding solids to extreme fineness. Ignatz L. Si02, tota abrasive gun comprises a telescoping divergent discharge nozzle Feld and Ballard H. Clemmons (United States of America as Wakama: i- to be advanced within a hole being drilled in a workpiece. J represented by the Secretary of the Interior). U. S. 3,075,710, ; D.J.B. Jan. 29, 1963.--A method for grinding solids to <37a comprises Acoustically vibrated material cutting and removing devices. agitating at high speed a slurry comprised of the solids to be study wa methods, gravimeti Claus Kleesattel, Lewis Balamuth, and Arthur Kuris (Cavitron ground, a liquid, and a deflocculating reagent, adding a granular Corp.). U. S. 3,076,904, Feb. 5, 1963. D.J.B. medium harder than the solids and including particles having a Apparatus for handling particulate material. Louis M. diameter 705 to 75 times as large as that desired for the upper Arcement (Flintkote Co ). U. S. 3,076,582, Feb. 5, 1963.--The limiting size of the particles in the final product, and agitating the apparatus comprises a vertically elongated container with a slurry for a second and longer time. D.J.B. material inlet at the top and a discharge outlet in the center of 9 Slurry diffusing machine. Ewald Kothe (Coors Porcelain the downwardly and inwardly inclined bottom and a flow control Co.). U. S. 3,073,531, Jan. 15, 1963.--The machine comprises member comprising a stationary elongated tube extending (1) a slurry diffusing member fixed on the lower end of a vertical throughout the container in axial alignment with the outlet and rotated shaft, (2) a rotatable housing surrounding and spaced having a diameter slightly greater than that of the outlet, the from the shaft, (3) an annular slurry passageway concentric with wall of the tube having an opening extending in a helical path the shaft and a water passageway between them for lubricating therearound from the top to the bottom. D.J.B. the shaft and cooling the slurry, (4) a slurry feed valve on the Crusher jaws [design]. Harry P. Kautz (Mine and Smelter Supply Co.). U. S. 3,075,713, Jan. 29, 1963. D.J.B. h lower end of the tubular housing and a plug between the shaft and the valve, (5) means for moving the valve and plug relative to Dust separator. Karl L. Westlin (American Air Filter Co., each other, (6) an inlet in the housing communicating with the Inc.). U. S. 3,071,916, Jan. 8, 1963. D.J.B. slurry passageway, and (7) means for uniformly dispersing the Gun for atomization and electrostatic spraying of materials. slurry through the valve to the diffusing member. D.J.B determin: used to d Determin. [8] 808-1 EDTA an with ED' sulfur in 1 procedure Test fo: temperatu 1962 Supp --Revised Thermo at high te Miller. 1 Platinum stabilities thermocoi: were studi XI--Instruments and Test Methods Composite thermocou Detection limits in radiation and optical pyrometry. D. R. Lovejoy. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 52 [12] 1387-98(1962).--Tempera ture discrimination with photoelectric detectors was analyzed. It should be possible to realize the International Practical Temperature Scale with an accuracy of about 0.01 near 1063C and 0.1 near 1769C by using a special trialkali photosurface photo multiplier or a silicon photodiode at a 1.0ft wavelength. 5 figs., the specific density7 (true density). Further investigation is recommended to establish the use of this correction with other porous materials. 3 figs., 3 tables. S.A.L. Determination of some impurities in titanium dioxide. Fran- tisek Plesnivy. Sklar Keram., 10 [3] 77-80 (1960).--Impurities and the determination of iron and alkalis as well as ignition loss, lead oxide, barium carbonate, and calcium carbonate in titanium originating Rh-Pt the argon tha instability and 50%'. In argon, increasing 2 tables, 18 refs. I J.J.D. dioxide are discussed. 8 figs. A Use of Determination of the Blaine specific surface area of gypsum. L. Chassevent. Zement-Kalk-Gips, 15 [12] 509-12 (1962).-- Because of the porosity of calcined gypsum particles, measure ments of the Blaine surface area give varying results. This difficulty is eliminated by using the apparent density instead of Direct reading beryllium spectrograph. W. A. Van Sand . V. C. Santomassino, R. P. Rumble, and O. M. Barlow. AnrI Hyg. Assoc. J., 23, 203-13 (May-June 1962); APCA Abstr-. 8 [5] 6 (1962).--Operation of the spectrograph is automatic, an the amount of beryllium on the filter paper is read directly from a exchangeal Photometei Can- J. So SUch as N; 148 Ceramic Abstracts May SiC polytype, 111 R, was discovered, and its structure is dis Growth of single crystals of corundum and gallium oxid cussed. 3 figs., 31 refs. G.B. Joseph P. Remeika (Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.), + X-ray study of autunite. Yukio Takano. Am. Mineralogist, 3,075,831, Jan. 29, 1963. D.J.B ' 46 [7--8J 812-22 (1961). 3 figs., 4 tables, 15 refs. i a X-ray spectral analysis. Joshua Ladell and Nathan Spielbe (North American Philips Co., Inc.). U. S. 3,072,789, Ja,, | PATENTS 1963. D.J.B. 1 Apparatus for presenting source particles to a mass spectrome ter. Donald C. Damoth and John M. Saari (Bendix Corp.). U. S. 3,076,893, Feb. 5. 1963. D.J.B. See also Sect. IX: (patent) Mullite synthesis. XV--General Abbreviations in Russian abstract journals covering chemistry and related fields. Joseph J. Gwirtsman. J. Chem. Doc., 3 [1] 44-59 (1963).--About 700 abbreviations are listed with the com plete Russian versions and the English equivalents. 5 refs. Etruscan heritage: Ceramics industry growth spurts. Anon. Italy Presents, 5 [June] 15-18 (1962).--A brief review. 11 figs. New ideas and remuneration for them. Anon. Sklar Keram., 10 (6] 176 (I960).--Profitable ideas for improving Czech manu facturing methodsjor environment, the amounts saved by them, and the remuneration paid are given. 2 tables. A.D. Principal methods used in dust concentration and the danger of dust in working places. Jose M. Caceres Hernandez. Bol. Soc. Espan. Ceram'. (Madrid), 1 [6] 361-69 (1962).--Dust as an industrial hazard can be classified as (1) fibrosis producing dusts. (2) toxic and irritant dusts, (3) inert dusts, and (4) exp)osjv dusts. Details are given on the determination of the harmfulnes. of a dust. Silicosis and the Silikose-Forschungs Institut formula are briefly discussed. 4 figs. V.R p Produce larger profits by stretching working capital. LeR0y r Kohn. Brick Clay Record, 141 [2] 41, 49-51 (1962).--Account receivable financing is described. W.K.S Scientific research in the present and the future of the ceramic industry. Antonio Garcia Verduch. Bol. Soc. Espan. Ceram (Madrid), 1 [6) 377-88 (1962).--The need for research, the instrumentation used, and recent advances in ceramic technology and science are outlined. V.R.p Spanish building materials. Anon. Spanish-American Trade 1962, No. 90, 17 + 9 pp.--A brief review. 22 photos. XVI--Books Advanced Materials--Refractory Fibers, Fibrous Metals, The editing, printing, and physical makeup of the volumes meet and Composites. [ C. Z. Carroll-Porczynski. 1962. Chemical the highest standards. Publishing Co., Inc., New York 10. 286 pp., 124 illus. $11.75.-- The following papers are included in Vol. I: "Some problems The title of this book suggests rather more than the author delivers. The book might better be known by its subtitle, e associated with the growth of science," by Wallace R. Brode "Cement research--retrospect and prospect," by F. M. Lea. "Refractory Fibers, Fibrous Metals, and Composites." Within the specialized field of high-temperature structural and insulating "Phase equilibria and constitution of portland cement clinker," by R. W. Nurse.--This general report is followed by extensive materials based on ^bers, this book should be very useful to those discussions and supplemental reports. In the discussions, Roy concerned with engineering design and development. describes the effects of pressure (due to grinding) on the poly The book is primarily a compilation of detailed information morphism of 2Ca0-Si02 (abbr. C2S), and Kraemer and zur on the constitution, production, properties, and performance of Strassen report that 4% MgO increases the alite (3CaO-SiO> a large number of proprietary fibers and composites. Long stretches of the text read as if lifted bodily from the manufac / containing lattice substituents) content by 14% in cement clinker and describe the effects of Na20, K20, Na2S04, and K2S0, turers' technical brochures, but this does not detract from its on C3S; Katharine Mather directs attention to the 2.720 X-ray utility. The information is well organized; materials related diffraction line probably not being that of 3CaO A12Oj in clinkers. chemically or functionally are treated together under an ap "Crystal structures of clinker constituents," by Fred Ordway.-- propriate chapter! heading. Particularly noteworthy is the Advanced fundamentals are discussed. "Effect of minor com plentiful supply of up-to-date references to materials literature ponents on the hydraulicity of the calcium silicates," by J. H. through 1961. Most chapters also have a long list of references Welch and W. Gutt.--The effects of F and P205 are shown; to publications in the general area treated by the chapter, recommended for; further reading. There is also a special 9 0.5 to 2.0% F reduces the strength markedly. "X-ray dif fraction examination of portland cement clinker," by H. G. addendum listing , and abstracting twenty recent unclassified Midgley, D. Rosaman, and K. E. Fletcher.--The authors U. S. Government research reports in the field of refractory materials. The book is plentifully illustrated with graphs, diagrams, and photographs of successful applications. describe the application of X-ray diffraction for analysis ol clinkers for phase contents and compare the measured and computed amounts of phases. In the discussions, Kantro et al. The author should be gently chided for a certain inconsistency call attention to systematic errors in Midgley's method resulting in his terminology. In the introductory paragraphs of the in overestimation of amounts of C3A. "Influence of reducing chapter, "Fused Silica Fibers," he quite properly disapproves of h atmosphere on the constitution of clinker," by Y. Suzukawaand the use of the term "quartz" in connection with products made T. Sasaki.--The authors substituted Fe2+ for Ca2+ in CiS; by the fusion of quartz, yet somehow he falls into the same error repeatedly in the remainder of the chapter! This is a useful quenched samples contained up to 2.8% FeO before dusting occurred, but slowly cooled samples exhibited dusting with book, and it should help the practical designer to make an intel much lower contents of FeO. "Reactions of coal ash with port- ligent choice from; the new high-temperature fibrous materials land cement clinker during the burning process," by T. Heil- that are becoming available. F. M. Emsberger mann.--Zoning within the clinker and absorption into pores of Chemistry of Cement: Vols. I, II--Proceedings of the Fourth the molten ash are clearly shown. "Solid solution of alumina International Symposium, Washington, October 1960. 1962. and magnesia in tricalcium silicate," by F. W. Locher.--L. Natl. Bur. Std. (U;.S.) Monograph, 1962, No. 43, Vol. I, pp. 1- reports 0.8% A1203 and 2.5% MgO as maximum amounts sub 573, $5.75; Vol. II, pp. 574-1123, $5.50. Supt. of Documents, stituting in alite; the amount of MgO is temperature dependent. U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.--The lapse of "Reaction velocity in portland cement clinker formation, b) nearly two years between the meeting and the publication of the Renichi Kondo.--K. discusses the reaction velocity of cement proceedings reflects the monumental task required in editing and clinker formation of kiln feeds containing clay and blast-furnace assembling the reports. These volumes should interest all slag. "Solid solutions of the minerals of portland cement disciplines concerned with the chemistry of inorganic solids. clinkers," by N. A. Toropov.--T. discusses solid solutions Important advances in the solid state chemistry of clinker and } clinker phases and constituents and of Cr203, BaO, and oi - applications of new instrumentation in the study of the hydrated phases are recorded. The comprehensive reviews of all phases of in C3S and C2S. cement clinker," "Decomposition of alite in by E. Woermann.--Alite intecchlinni-kcear-lspoobbdrnutlrannedd cement chemistry and reports on special cements should prove in a reducing atmosphere underwent decomposition due indispensable references to cement scientists and technologists. exsolution of FeO at annealing temperatures as low as H8 156 Ceramic Abstracts Ju* V--Glass Care, cleaning, and maintenance of glass molds. Padma obtained with about 20%(mole) SO3 in the systems. The sulf Pani and K. D. Sharma. Central Glass Ceram. Res. Inst. Bull. a containing glasses show selective infrared transmission at K (India), 9 [4] 148-54 (1962).--Methods used for the pretreatment 12/3. Replacement of B.O3 by SO3 had no effect on direct Cy and maintenance of glass molds are reviewed. 30 refs. Cf. resistivity, dielectric constant, or softening temperature Ceram. Abstr., 1962, April, p. 85i. R.L.T. addition of SO3 to lead glasses improved the chemical durahr Coloring of photosensitive glasses by X-radiation. V. A. _ but in zinc oxide containing glasses the effect was revers h ^ Borgman and V. G1. Chistoserdov. Opt. Spectry. (USSR) (Eng figs., 2 tables, 3 refs. RLt ^ lish Transl.), 13 [3] 233-35 (1962).--Absorption bands created in Grinding of glass [with diamond]. M. Narboni and* photosensitive glasses at various temperatures by X-radiation and Hornstein. Ind. Diamond Rev., 22 [263] 281-83 (1962)_y the changes ofthese bands under heat treatment were studied, advantages of diamond grinding in the glass industry and its The effect of temperature on the sensitivity to irradiation and the adoption by European manufacturers are described. W role of impurity color centers in the formation of a latent image Investigation of the structure of glassy phosphates were established. 3 figs., 4 refs. J.J.D. Comparison between theory and flight ablation data. Henry -- Raman spectra. (English Transl.), Y13a.[4]S.27B4 o(b1o9v6i2c)h..--TOhept.glaSsspeesctrsytu. di.e(UdSSR) Hidalgo and Leo P.; Kadanoff. AIAA (Am. Inst. Aeron. Astro two-component phosphate glasses containing Na20, BeO~V?*r? nautics) J., 1963, No. 1, pp. 41-45.--The ablation of opaque CaO. SrO. BaO. ZnO. CdO. A 1,0,. Ga-O,. PhO. anH Tn r, '.. g0. quartz on an AICBM nose cone recovered after a 5000 nautical component glasses in the Na20-Ti02-P205 system, and e| ^ mile flight agreed favorably with the predicted results. Varia- c P2Os itself. The effect of the cations on the state of the bond^5 tions between the theoretical and actual ablation were attributed mainly to the effect of impurities on the viscosity of the quartz. the phosphate skeleton of the glass was determined and inte" preted. The spectra of some glasses and crystals of the 7 figs., 3 tables, 24 refs. J.B.W. composition were compared. 5 figs., 23 refs. JJD Cutting crystal glass with diamond. Norman Stuckey. Ind. -- Method of preparing glass samples for microhardness measur Diamond Rev., 22 i (261] 221-23 (1962). Cf. Ceram. Abstr., ments. M. B. Epel'baum and Yu. E. Gorbatyi. Zavodsk Lnh~ 1962, Oct., p. 247d.' W.B.C. Decolorizing of manganese glass. M. A. Bezborodov, E. E. 28 [12] 1492-94 (1962).--It is proposed that the microhardnes ' of glass be measured on the fracture surface of grains 2 to 3 mm S Mazo, and M. T. Mel'nik. Zh. Prikl. Khim., 35 [8] 1666-70 d diameter, shortly after breakage; a flat surface must be selected1 (1962).--Boron-free; nonalkaline manganese glasses, prepared The use of small grains has the advantage that the stresses as! for the manufacture of glass yarn or medical containers, were sociated with larger samples are practically eliminated and a true found to have a dark color, caused by the presence of Mn203. microhardness value is obtained. A measurement of the micro Attempts to decolorize the glass by adding reducing agents, such -- hardness of glasses containing 10% CaO, 65 to 78% Si02, and the as carbon or coke, to the raw materials failed to give satisfactory remainder Na20 gave the following values (Si02 content in results; the addition of 2%(wt) SboOj resulted in a slight increase parentheses): 566 ( 65), 720 ( 68), 615 ( 70), 1010 ( 74), and 670 in transparency, but the best results were obtained with either 2% kg/mm2 (78% Si02). Photomicrographs (in color) show the in metallic A1 or 0.5 to 0.9% FesCb, which yielded an almost color- e dentation marks and the lack of stress lines in the glass grains less glass. The transparency of the glasses containing Fe2Os was 3 figs., 2 tables, 6 refs. a.A somewhat lower than that of the glasses containing Al. The Northwestern Glass Co. produces glass containers for Pacific addition of Fe203 increased the resistance of the glass to water and Northwest needs. Anon. Ceram. News, 11 [9] 14--16 (1962)_ inorganic acids. 3 figs., 1 table, 9 refs. A.A. -- Four melting furnaces at the Seattle, Wash., plant produce 225 Determination of the quantitative relationship between the tons of soda-lime glass per day for 750,000 jars and bottles. ordered and disordered phases in a glass with a composition of Operations and equipment are discussed briefly. 6 photos. 33.3% Na20 and 66.6% Si02. A. G. Vlasov and T. E. Chebotareva. Opt. Spectry. (USSR)(English Transl.), 13 [4] 351 / D.J.B. Owens-Illinois Glass Co.--New Orleans plant. George L. (1962).--From the infrared reflectivities of the subsurface parts Vincent. Ceram. Ind., 80 [2] 53-57, 76 (1963).--The plant is of the initial glass and of the crystallized glass, it was calculated described. 7 figs., 1 table. W.K.S. that the ordered portion of the glass is about 25%. 1 fig., 6 Radial distribution study of vitreous barium borosilicate. G. refs. J.J.D. -- J. Piermarini and S. Block. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Std., 67A [1] 37-41 Effect of glass fiber geometry on composite material strength. (1963).--An X-ray diffraction study of a barium borosilicate glass James E. Bell. (Am. Rocket Soc.) J., 31 [9] 1260-65 was made. The observed average barium separations are in (1961).--An analysis of five different glass fiber geometries in an partial agreement with those predicted by Levin and Block on the epoxy resin showed that filament-wound structures gave the Q basis of a structural interpretation of immiscibility data. A pro highest composite efficiency. Discontinuous, randomly oriented posed coordination change by Levin and Block for the barium fibers gave the lowest efficiency. Ceramic fibers, whisker materi atoms in the system has been confirmed, but the details of the als, and metal filaments are brieflv discussed. 5 figs., 3 tables, 17 coordination change mechanism have not. A mechanism which refs. ' J.B.W. -- permits the calculation of the composition of the modifier-rich Effects of fluxing ingredients on the properties of magnesium- liquids in the ternary system is presented. The calculated com calcium-aluminosilicate glasses. Sachchidananda Kumar and position agrees well with the experimental value. 6 figs., 10 refs. Benoy B. Nag. Trans. Indian Ceram. Soc., 21 [4] 107-14 (1962). M.J.K. --The effect of Li20, Na0, F, MnO, Fe203, B2O3, ZnO, BaO, and b Thermal expansion behavior of silica glass as a function of Ti02 on the melting, thermal expansion, direct current resistivity, thermal history. R. Brueckner. Naturwissenschaften, 49 [7| and dielectric properties of two glass compositions in the systems 150-52 (1962).--The thermal expansion of various heat-treated CaO-MgO-AbOj-SiOo and Mg0-Al203-Si02 were studied. Ap silica glass samples was measured. The thermal expansion curves prox 3% F and approx 6% MnO improved meltability with- showed different effects depending on the height of the tempera out affecting the thermal and electrical properties of the ture of previous thermal treatment. The results are discussed. glasses. Even less than 1% alkali increased the dielectric loss 5 figs., 5 refs. G.B. at high temperatures. 5 figs., 4 tables, 18 refs. R.L.T. Thirsty glass. T. H. Elmer and M. E. Nordberg. Mater- Engineering breakthrough by Kimble Glass in cathode ray 1 Design Eng., 56 [7] 118-19 (1962).--Physical and chemical prop tubes. Anon. Ceram. News, 11 [10] 53 (1962).--The new erties are presented for this Na20-B203-Si02 glass that is Kimcode system tube uses two steel bands to eliminate an im adapted for desiccating purposes, such as electronic gette^ plosion plate, which* decreases the cost, weight, and size of the An intermediate form of 96% Si02 glass, it will adsorb up to 200 finished tube. 2 photos. D.J.B. mg of moisture per gram of glass and can be reactivated in 1 l*r Glass story. Anon. Ceram. News, 11 [ 11J 10-11 (1962).-- 5 figs., 1 table, 2 refs. D-J-B- Operations in the manufacture of stained glass and handblown decorative glass at Blenko Glass Co., Milton, W. Va., are de PATENTS scribed. A metal-mesh belt has been in continuous use on the lehr Acoustical panel. Lowell B. Johnston (Owens-Coming Fttef for 18 years. 3 photos. D.J.B. glas Corp.). U. S. 3,077,426, Feb. 12, 1963.--A compr^^J Glasses in the systems Pb0-B203-S03 and Zn0-B203-S03. resin bonded fibrous glass panel has a facing layer formed Pranab K. Gupta and Sachchidananda Kumar. Trans. Indian closely grouped flattened clumps or balls of fibrous glass vn Ceram. Soc., 21 [3] 91-94 (1962).--Clear and stable glasses were occasional surface cracks or openings between them. D-J-fi- 168 Ceramic Abstracts Exact viscosity'measurement of ceramic suspensions by means ' of capillary viscosimeters. Zdenek Pospisil. Silikaty, 2 [1] 40--49 (1958).--P. discusses the accuracy of capillary viscosim eters, starting with the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, and points position. By using the rapidly changing ratio Fora/Foo, may be computed which relates theoretical structure fat aCtor the structure factors calculated from a diffractogram B aS 10 mining the theoretical value of Food, the composition of th deter" out their fundamental deficiency, i.e., the impossibility of viscos a rite is determined. Sample thickness, detector error tirrf Cl1*0' ity measurement during constant shearing stress in the measured stant; and sample size must all be controlled for the' su 6 Cn' liquid. The validity of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for two application of this technique. In particular, the relation b 6SS*U' different types of viscosimeters is verified. A suction viscosimeter _ sample size and divergence slit size has a most important 'ff*" developed in this study meets the requirements of the equation on X-ray intensities. The method is accurate to within nq, much better than the flow viscosimeters commonly used in the composition of the chlorite octahedral sheets. 2 t hi ceramics. The probable causes of the deviations are discussed. refs. ^7 4 figs., 5 tables, 4 refs. A.D. , Single beam two-frequency pyrometer for measuring a Measuring moisture in solids. D. J. Fraade. Instr. Control temperatures. E. N. Maleev and D. S. Ermakov Opt s*08016 Systems, 36 [2] 99-101 (1963).--Various techniques, such as (USSR) (English Trans!.), 13 [4] 339 (1962).--The light fr' thermogravimetry, Karl Fischer titration, electrolysis, and the source modulated at one frequency is passed through the fl0"1 4 use of capacitance, conductivity, radioactive emission, and nuclear magnetic' resonance, are discussed with respect to the _ and the combination is modulated at a second being detected, amplified, and displayed on a frtewqou-cehnacnynbeel fo0r6e' determination of small amounts of water in solid materials. 6 figs. W.W.P. cilloscope. By measuring two sets of intensities, one with one without the flame in the path, it is possible to obtain and Microspectrochemical analysis of minerals: II. Claude L. c emissivity of the flame and its "mean true" temperatur lne Waring. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [5-6] 741-43 (1962).--Modifica figs., 1 table, 4 refs. JJD ^ tions are made in the previously described microspectrochemical Spindle stage--a modification utilizing a hypodermic svri method for the analysis of minerals. By altering the type of M. J. Oppenheim. ,4m. Mineralogist, 47 [7-8] 903-906 (1960^*' lower electrode to'allow the arc to strike the sample more directly _ A new spindle stage built around a hypodermic syringe is ri and consume less carbon, a significant reduction in the back scribed. Advantages of the simple design include rigidity counli ground is observed. The period of exposure of the red portion of with smoothness of rotation. 3 figs., 2 refs. pep the spectrum is also changed. The combined effect is to lower the limits of detection for 16 elements, 4 by a factor of 100.' d The improvements also widen the application of the method to the analysis of other types of samples. 1 table, 1 ref. For part I see Ceram. Abstr., 1963, April, p. 107c. New heating stage for the X-ray diffractometer. Brian J. _ Skinner, David B. Stewart, and Joseph C. Morgenstern. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [7-8] 962-67 (1962). 4 figs., 7 refs. New slow running personal dust sampler. R. Hunt and M. Ellison. Lab. Pract., 12 [2] 148-51 (1963).--The instrument, g developed by the Asbestosis Research Council, takes in small quantities of air steadily over a working shift and leaves a deposit that can be examined and counted under a microscope. A 6-volt 1810-rpm governed motor drives a pump consisting of a rubber _ tube fitted against a circular track against which it is p ogressively squeezed by rollers. Reduction gear drives the pump at approx 15 rpm. The collecting area of the filter membrane is 1 cm2. 6 figs., 2 refs. W.A. j Temperature control spindle stage. D. Jerome Fisher a Mineralogist, 47 [5-6] 649-64 (1962).--F. describes a siumT temperature control spindle stage together with the reeom mended operation procedure. For accurate double variation work, a stereogram with extinction curves would normally be required. It is recommended that, for the sake of simplicity and easy visualization, the plane of the stereogram be normal to the spindle axis. This technique is illustrated by the study of a Black Hills morinite crystal, and new values for its indices of refraction are given. The double variation spindle technique is much simpler, quicker, and definitely more accurate than the Ustage double variation method of index determination. 7 figs 2 tables, 15 refs. Tests for the uniformity of 45 0 reflectometers. Richard S Hunter. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 53 [3] 390-93 (1963).--Tristimulus 45 0 reflectometers, widely used for color-control measurements of ceramic products, often give different results because of spectral, geometric, or photometer-scale disparities. Seven test Preparation of small powder samples from thin and polished panels were designed to evaluate the most frequent sources of sections. K. L. Williams. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [7-8] 974-76 disparity. 9 figs., 1 table, 7 refs. J J.D. (1962). lfig. Vacuum techniques. S. L. Rutherford. Instr. Control Systems, Provisional method of eliminating the effects of film shrinkage _ 36 [2] 78-81 (1963).--Conventional vacuum systems are de and improper camera diameter in Debye patterns. Dorita A. scribed with recent developments. Getter-ion pumps can develop Norton and Jean ;M. Ohrt. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [5-6] 792-94 pressures below 10-10 mm Hg. 1 table, 9 figs. W.W.P. (1962). 1 table, 4 refs. X-ray spectrographic method for measuring base exchange Quantitative determination of kaolinite by X-ray diffraction. q capacity. David N. Hinckley. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [7-8] H. W. van der Marel. Am. Mineralogist,. 47 [9-10] 1209-13 993-96 (1962). 1 table, 1 fig., 4 refs. (1962).--A reply to G. W. Brindley and S. S. Kurtossy (Ceram. Abstr., 1963, April, p. 107d). 1 table, 11 refs. Reply. G. W. PATENTS Brindley and Sari S. Kurtossy. Ibid., pp. 1213-15. 2 refs. -- Apparatus and method for measurement of moisture content Quartz Bourdon gage. J. B. Damrel. Instr. Control Systems, Charles W. E. Walker (Beloit Iron Works). U. S. 3,079,551, 36 [2] 87-89 (1963).--The ideal properties of fused quartz as a Feb. 26, 1963.--Apparatus for sensing a constituent of solid di spring material led to its use as a Bourdon tube. Its accuracy is electric material. Cf. "Instrument . . .," this section. D.J.B. comparable to that of a precision mercury manometer or dead h High-pressure optical cell. Charles E. Weir, Alvin Van weight tester, and it is less trouble and faster to operate. 4 figs. Valkenburg. and Ellis R. Lippincott (United States of America as W.W.P. represented by the Secretary of Commerce). U. S. 3,079,505, Rapid determination of permeability in porous rock. Jerry Feb. 26, 1963.--A device for performing spectrum analysis of B. F. Champlin. U. S. Bur. Mines Rept. Invest., 1962, No. 6098, -- solid materials. D.J.B. 9 pp. Free.--C. describes a method and an apparatus that use High-temperature [jgraphite-Rh] thermocouple. Allen M. the principle of specific-volume permeametry to determine Eshaya (United States of America as represented by the U. S. permeabilities of porous solids rapidly and accuratelv. 3 figs. Atomic Energy Commission). U. S. 3,077,505, Feb. 12, 1963. M.J.K. t D.J.B. Rotational viscosimeter--concentric cylinder method. A. Instrument for the measurement of moisture, etc. Charles Macenauer. Silikaty, 2 [1] 69-78 (1958).--The Glass Research W. E. Walker (Beloit Iron Works). U. S. 3,079,552, Feb. 26, Institute constructed a rotational viscosimeter with a revolving 1963.--The method of sensing a constituent of granular materia inner cylinder which is rotated by a falling weight suspended -- comprises bringing the material into an annular space surrounding from the rim of a wheel attached to the axle of the inner cylinder. a single conductor surface wave transmission path, transmitting 5 figs. , A.D. microwave energy of frequency differentially sensitive to the con Semiquantitative analysis of chlorites by X-ray diffraction. stituent along the transmission path as a surface wave, and Robert Schoen. Am. Mineralogist, 47 [11-12] 1384-92 (1962). 7 tecting the microwave energy transmitted along the path as an --The determination of the chemical composition of chlorites, indication of the presence of the constituent. ^ using the ratio of structure factors for the 002 and 004 reflections, Optical pyrometers. Henri J. C. George (Quartz & Sn is unreliable because of the small change in the ratio with com Soc. Anon.). U. S. 3,079,507, Feb. 26, 1963. DJ 1963 IX, Electronics--X, Production Equipment and Unit Operations 221 jjjing equimolai proportions of arsenic and Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, 1963.--The device comprises <3 thermoelectric bodies in series n cos' gfi Tm, or Yb to approx 350C to initiate an exothermic and in contact, the first, subjected to the highest temperature, v 1 tf0' ;o0 cooling, recompacting, and firing in an inert atmosphere. comprising boron containing about 5%(at.) carbon dispersed in t0c ' ; D.J.B. a it, the second being indium arsenic phosphide, and the third Jle- oesistor compositions and spark plugs having integral resistors. ru- Ji Jjerick E. Heischman (Ford Motor Co.). U. S. 3,088,921, being bismuth telluride or lead telluride. D.J.B. Treatment of gallium arsenide. Calvin S. Fuller (Bell Tele f1*0 1 1963.--A resistor consists of borosilicate glass, titanium phone Laboratories, Inc.). U. S. 3,085,032, April 9, 1963.--The im ^85jde and the products of its reduction, and boron carbide and _ method of increasing the donor concentration of a surface portion l9g, ^0*oroducts of its oxidation and is produced by heating at 1600 of a gallium arsenide body comprises heating the body to about Hi. tbeiSOOF. D.J.B. 820C for 24 hr while exposing the surface portion to an atmos ide `"storage target, Norman H. Lehrer and Raymond A. Solivan phere rich in silicon tetrachloride vapor. B.J.B. mg jgaghes Aircraft Co.). U. S. 3,089,050, May 7, 1963.--In a b ______________ n8 >n- lsjai[n0ycef8rsgue0lfftidamergadetisteprfiooasrleadwshbtieocthrwaegieesntnuthobener,seutahlcfeitdiveimeapncrdhoevitmesmisceuanlplytpocwortmiDtmhp.erJimsc.Beubs.beirca. -- See also Sect. IV: Inorganic binders for C cores. (patents) Method of making ceramic-to-metal composite stock. Method of making glass to metal seal. Sect. V: (patent) Process and -h,. Thermoelectricity. Courtland M. Henderson and Darrel M. apparatus for obtaining electrically conductive coatings on the ker [jarris (Monsanto Chemical Co.). U. S. 3,087,002, April 23, surface of objects consisting of glass or ceramic materials. -tic a>. 'a < to 'les urnd I C. s. as ses am ml J> ; 11<I | ad IS5, | \yl 'Ul an. an od rtli all m lav nsive ml its. ISO ess ini ine de es*?* 1 tlie X--Production Equipment and Unit Operations Applications of ultrasonic energy--ultrasonic casting of ce-nuc and cermet slips. C. Dana McKinney, Jr., William B. Tirp|eyr and Frederick H. Gaskins. NYO 9586, 47 pp.; U. S. fwl Rey RePts- 37 [11] S-16 (1962). 12 refs. Application of ultrasonic vibration to cold pressing of ceramic nellets. William B. Tarpley and Herbert Kartluke. NYO 10005, 17 pp.; V. S. Govt. Res. Repts., 37 [10] S-30 (1962). 9 refs. Electrostatic separation of granular materials. F. Fraas. S. Bur. Mines Bull., 1963, No. 603, 155 pp. 75 cents.--F. jjscribes the development of the electrostatic method of particle jtparation. Design of'equipment; probability and selectivity; (fects of dielectric constant, humidity, temperature, and im purities; and size limits, classification, and separation of fine powders are covered. 76 figs. M.J.K. Fluidization of fine particles packed in layer condition: I. Vasunobu Yuasa. Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 1 [3] 181-86 (1962).-- 10 the design of an orifice for fine particles or of a hopper, study j of the fluidization of fine particles is important. The movement ^ of fine particles in a vessel in flowing out from a slit was 1 analyzed in a two-dimensional case. In the most open-packed 2 state, the fluidizing area determined by the boundary curves - of fluidization increases with increase in roughness of the fat particles and with: decrease in the slit width. After the .. initial acceleration, the vertical displacement of particles on the ttntral line from initial position during fluidization is linear with . dme. The effect of the bottom width of the vessel on boundary curves of fluidization was studied under various degrees of pack ing. The drain angle increases with increase in grain size, ir- , respective of the slit width. 15 figs., 5 refs. K.F. : Guide to insulation costs for vessels. T. N. Dinning. Chem. ; Eel., 70 [8] 186, 188 (1963).--Tables of materials (including : loth refractories and foamed plastics) make it possible to esti- 3 mate quickly the cost of insulating a process vessel. 3 tables. i W.A. = Treatment of discontinuous operations in automation of proc esses and mechanical manufacture. H. Weissmann. AM+R inSprechsaal, 95 [16]), 2 [16] al41-44 (1962).--Problems in the j "tarnation of chemical and ceramic processes and in the me- V dunical processing of the products are examined, and suitable rr tijuipment is described. 10 figs., 14 refs. L.M. | Ultrasonic extrusion--reduction in vehicle and plasticizer re- ] Ifirements for nonclay ceramics. William B. Tarpley, Kenneth 1 A Yocom, and Richard Pheasant. NYO 10006, 66 pp.; U. S. J &*>. Res. Repts., 37 [10] S-30 (1962). 31 refs. 1 Vacuum-assisted slip casting. A. Adami and L. S. Williams. 1 Boc. Bull., 42 [7] 391-93 (1963).--To overcome some i * the disadvantages and limitations of gypsum plaster as a mold 4aterial, a generally applicable slip casting procedure was de- 4 ^Ped, based on the use of a perforated metal mold contained | vacuum vessel and lined with fine macerated paper pulp. 3 ^ experimental equipment and procedure described combine ] "* inherent advantages of versatility, flexible control of casting ] Mci easy extraction of the cast shortly after completion of 3it, 'as'ing operation. The paper lining adhering to the cast a"*er release from the mold facilitates the safe handling of fragile J * 3 figs., 8 refs. PATENTS Apparatus for handling and wetting dust. Earl W. Sieger (United States Steel Corp.). U. S. 3,086,537, April 23, 1963.-- The apparatus comprises an elongated vertical pipe, horizontal water inlets connected to the midportion around the circumfer ence, upwardly directed steam inlets connected above the water inlets, and a wafer-type slide valve in the upper portion for con trolling admission of dust to the pipe, the steam producing turbu lence in the dust. D.J.B. Apparatus for the oxidation of metal powders. Joseph C. Long and Charles B. Milton (Union Carbide Corp.). U. S. 3,085,865, April 16, 1963. D.J.B. Apparatus for supporting and cutting semiplastic bodies. Joseph L. Mennitt (Owens-Illinois Glass Co.). U. S. 3,088,186, May 7, 1963.--A gang of cutting wires is used to sever a molded body into individual slabs. D.J.B. Breaker plate structure for impact crusher and retaining means therefor. Thomas E. Bridgewater. U. S. 3,088,685, May 7, 1963. D.J.B. Compaction process. James P. Swed (E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.). U. S. 3,084,398, April 9, 1963.--A method for simultaneously compacting powder into two separate slabs comprises loading powder into two containers having at least one pair of parallel sides, positioning a layer of explosive on one side of each container, positioning the containers in parallel spaced alignment with the explosive layers on the parallel sides most dis tant from each other, filling the space between the containers with a shock absorbing material irreversibly compressible to a size one-half to one-tenth its original volume and having a sonic impedance > 50% of that of the powder, and initiating the ex plosion. D.J.B. Conveyer. Charles W. Husum (Owens-Illinois Glass Co.). U. S. 3,088,579, May 7, 1963.--The conveyer comprises a device for conveying sheets having at least one coated surface through a heated oven. D.J.B. Device [vibratory screen] for separating fine from coarse ma terials. Albert Musschoot and Leonard B. Wilson (Chain Belt Co.). U. S. 3,087,618, April 30, 1963. D.J.B. Electrostatic spray heads. Howard V. Schweitzer and Rich ard J. Verba (Schweitzer Electrostatic Co.). U. S. 3,085,749, April 16, 1963.--The primary features included are designs for spray heads to increase atomization, reduce overspray, and mini mize downtime in cleaning or changing colors when applying enamels, lacquers, and ceramic coatings. D.J.B. High pressure, high temperature apparatus. Robert H. Wentorf, Jr. (General Electric Co.). U. S. 3,088,169, May 7, 1963.--The apparatus comprises a pair of opposed anvil mem bers axially movable toward each other and, positioned between them, a lateral pressure resisting member having a central tapered conical opening to contain a specimen material to be subjected to high pressures and high temperatures, the two members laterally and axially compressing the specimen. D.J.B. Light reflecting films and process for their production. Charles M. Browne (Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.). U. S. 3,087,831, April 30, 1963.--The process includes spraying, upon a heated oxidation resistant surface, a liquid containing a metal compound thermally decomposable to loosely adhering particles of the metal 250 Ceramic Abstracts September X--Production Equipment and Unit Operations Dish granulation! in the chemical industry. J. D. Comey. it between the platens without confining the periphery 0f tt, Brit. Chem. Eng., 8J[6] 405-407 (1963).--The design features of a elastomeric member. d.J g 0e dish-type granulators are described, along with the granulation process. Desirable: characteristics of granules are listed plus Blow molding apparatus. John N. Scott, Jr., Doyle L. Alexa der, and Don L. Peters (Phillips Petroleum Co.). TJ. S. 3 091 sn, test methods for determining mechanical strength, thermal shock June 4, 1963. D.J.fi ' resistance, porosity, size uniformity, and resistance to abrasion. -- Continuous dry blender. Louis A. Benton (Johns-Manvili Cement manufacturing processes using wet slurry feed and granu Corp.). U. S. 3,090,602, May 21, 1963.--The blender corapris * lated spherical feed are contrasted. 6 figs., 1 ref. W.W.P. Particle size reduction 1961-62. J. Nijman. Brit. Chem. Eng. a mixing cylinder rotating about a horizontal axis, longitudin flights on the inner wall for lifting and dispersing material 8 (6] 408-11 (1963).--The literature of the last two years is b spaced disks along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, successiv surveyed with emphasis on machinery, influence of surface disks being out of parallel to give the material a back-and-fort^ properties, and commercial practice including the cement and ceramic fields. 121 refs. W.W.P. motion. D.J b Flow apparatus tor separating granular particles. Fritz Kais What's your recipe for screen cloth? Albert E. Reed. Rock -- (Alpine Akt.-Ges. Maschinenfabrik und Eisengiesserei) c Prod., 66 [4] 92 + 2 pp. (1963).--R. describes the procedure for 3,089,595, May 14, 1963. D.J.B ' specifying screen for particular requirements and the available types. 3 figs., 1 table. D.J.B. Gravity actuated apparatus for weighing granular material etc. Hansel S. Sanderson (C. E. Anthony). U. S. 3 093 20?' c June 11, 1963. D.J.B ' PATENTS Hydrostatic press for an elongated object. George Gerard and Jacob Brayman (Barogenics, Inc.). U. S. 3,091,804, June 4 Apparatus for handling stacks of bricks. Rudolf N. Gunzel- 1963. D.J.B. ' mann. U. S. 3,090,502, May 21, 1963.--The device comprises -- Impregnation [of cellular material] by implosion. George F a vertically movable frame, pairs of grippers extending down Russell. U. S. 3,092,536, June 4, 1963. D.J B. ' wardly from it which grasp objects between them as the frame is Method and apparatus for moistening dust. Harold T raised, and feelers below the grippers which cause the frame to Stirling and Harry F. Hartzell, Jr. (Koppers Co., Inc.). U. S move at a reduced speed as the object is grasped. D.J.B. d 3,089,791, May 14, 1963.--A method for improving the flow Apparatus for making precast cored building blocks. Leonard properties of dust comprises feeding the dust to a surge bin D. Long. U. S. 3,090,093, May 21, 1963. D.J.B. automatically conveying it to a dust wetting drum, moistening Apparatus for measuring and controlling moisture content of it by fogging water into the drum, tumbling it, and discharging materials. Harry W. Dietert (Harry W. Dietert Co.). D. S. -- free-flowing dust containing 5 to 14% water from the drum. 3,092,882, June 11, 1963. D.J.B. Apparatus and method for conveying slurry. Paul L. Schoon D.J.B. Method and apparatus for sizing solid particles [centrifugally] over (Monolith Portland Cement Co.). U. S. 3,093,364, June William T. Doyle (Sturtevant Mill Co.). U. S. 3,090,487, May 11, 1963.--The method comprises forcing a slurry into one end e 21, 1963. D.J.B. of an elongated flexible conduit while agitating the slurry by Oven for treating articles. John R. Johnson, Elmer B. Voss rotating an end of ah elongated flexible member within the con and Francis S. Wright (Owens-Illinois Glass Co.). U. s! duit. ] D.J.B. 3,089,254, May 14, 1963.--A continuous pin-type conveyer Apparatus and process for forming high density compacts. -- carries articles through the oven, and heated air is blown down Milton H. Feldman and Harold E. Hosticka (Westinghouse from the top across the articles. D.J.B. Electric Corp.). U. S. 3,089,189, May 14, 1963.--The method Process for making laminated material. William J. Knapp comprises (1) charging solid particles into a die cavity comprised and Francis R. Shanley (Rand Corp.). U. S. 3,089,196, May 14, of a perforation within a resilient, flowable elastomeric member, / 1963. D.J.B. (2) positioning the member between two hard platens, and (3) Pulverizer. James L. Harvey and Alden Q. Beaty (Babcock applying a pressure of 1 X 10* psi to the material by compressing & Wilcox Co.). U. S. 3,093,327, June 11, 1963. D.J.B. XI--Instruments and Test Methods Absorptiometric determination of silicon in water: I, Forma tion, stability, and reduction of a- and fl-molybdosilicic acids. I. R. Morrison and A. L. Wilson. Analyst, 88 [1043] 88-99 (1963).--The effect of experimental conditions on the formation, stability (in the presence of reagents used for destroying molybdo- phosphoric acid), and reduction of a- and /3-molybdosilicic acids was determined. The effectiveness of several reagents for preventing interference from phosphate was also investigated. Both a-molybdosilicic acid reduced by stannous tin and fl- molybdosilicic acid reduced by l-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid should be suitable for precise methods of determining "reactive" silicon in' water. 9 figs., 8 refs. It, Method for de termining "reactive'' silicon in power-station waters. Ibid., pp. 100-104.--The method, based on the absorptiometric measure ment of reduced fl-molybdosilicic acid, can be modified for high sensitivity. The within-batch coefficient of variation of the optical-density difference, optical density of sample less optical density of reagent blank solution, varied from 7 to 0.2% for concentrations of 0.01 and 0.5 ppm of SiOs, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.001 ppm of SiOj, and analysis time was abour 1.5 hr for 10 samples in duplicate. 3 refs. W.A. Adhesion measurements involving small particles. G. Boehme, H. Krupp, H. Rabenhorst, and G. Sandstede. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs. (London), 40, 252-59 (Oct. 1962);" A PCA Abstr., 8 [10] 3 (1963).--After stressing the techhfcal importance of adhesion phenomena, the authors critically-review experi mental methods for measuring the adhesion between srrtall particles (10_1 to 10V) and between particles and a solid sub strate. The weighing, pendulum, aerodynamic, friction, and centrifuge methods are discussed. With the centrifuge method, the adhesion of up to 1000 particles to a substratum may be measured in one experiment. The aerodynamic and the friction methods are not considered to provide direct data on adhesion. Both the weighing and the pendulum methods are difficult to use, in particular with small particles. 35 refs. Air separator for sizing refractory materials. A. E. Williams. Brit. Clayworker, 71 [845] 305-306 (1962).--Dry classification of ground particles by centrifugal air separation increases mill capacity through recirculation of oversize particles. The opera tion of the Sturtevant air separator at the Womelsdorf plant of North American Refractories Corp. is described. 3 figs. C.E.L.F. Bonded-wire temperature sensors. A. B. Kaufman. Mr. Control Systems, 36 [5] 103-104 (1963).--This type of sensor, resembling wire or foil strain gages, has been in use, but factors such as strain sensitivity and apparent strain due to temperature change have been overlooked. A procedure for correcting for system errors is given. 3 figs., 2 tables, 4 refs. W.W.P. Carbon-arc radiation standard. M. R. Null and W. W. Lozier. Instr. Control Systems, 36 [5] 93-95 (1963).--An arc-lamp mechanism and a power supply are available for use in calibrating pyrometers or as a standard radiation source. The center of the lamp's positive graphite electrode has a brightness temperature close to 3800K, with a deviation of probably less than 20 K. Spectral data are given. 3 figs. W.W.P- Cryogenic hose. F. J. Ryan. Prod. Eng., 34 [11] 32-3 (1963).--Loss of low-temperature fluids is minimized throng special constructions and the use of insulation. Heat loss on are given for insulation including fiber glass. 5 figs., 3 tables. w.w.p. 258 i Ceramic A bstracts XV--General SePtember Bond Teflon with epoxies. J. E. Schmidt, A. L. Mathews, investments will depend not only on the economic evolutj0 and W. J. Homblower. Prod. Eng., 34 [11] 43-46 (1963).--A a these countries, but also on the solution of social and d0i:,. * bonding method permits Teflon to be bonded to metal, glass, problems. 8 figs. L j ^1Cal ceramic, etc. The Teflon is etched, and this surface and that Methyl Cellosolve intoxication. M. R. Zavon. Am Ini u of the substrate are completely coated with an epoxy adhesive. Assoc. J., 24, 36-41 (Jan.-Feb. 1963); APCA Abstr., 8 (W8' Details are given for, the etching process, the preparation of the -- (1963).--Case histories are presented of five persons who suffe substrate, and the handling of the adhesive. 4 photos. from methyl Cellosolve intoxication after an industrial expos ^ j W.W.P. Signs and symptoms related to previous reports are deserihej Ceramic materials. Wayne E. Brownell. Machine Design, These cases arose out of increased exposure to methyl Cellosni 35 [15] 200 + 4 pp. (1963).--B. discusses the expanded range b without awareness or knowledge of the toxic potential and n V* of applications and gives the strength, thermal properties, elec for control measures. ee" trical resistivity, and dielectric constants of a number of ma terials in tabular form. Other properties are also covered briefly together with some of the production processes. Included are New laboratories opened at Nova Scotia Technical Colle Anon. Chem. Can., 15 [5] 57 (1963).--Among the facilities high-temperature laboratory for work with ceramics. 3 photos* glasses, porcelains, A1203, B,C, SiC, and titanates. D.J.B. Chemistry at high temperatures. John L. Margrave. Science, W.W.P Report of the Committee on Patents. Fulton B. Flick <*.' 135 [3501] 345-50(1962).--High-temperature chemistry includes man. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 42 [8] 453 (1963). those chemical phenomena which occur at 1000K and higher. c Science and technology in the glass and electrical industrie High temperatures can be attained by combustion, by electrical J. E. Stanworth. Glass Technol., 4 [1] 10-12 (1963).--The paf heating, or by chemical explosions and nuclear reactions. Tech 25 years has seen the growth of new branches of electrical tech niques based on radiation phenomena, i.e., the various spectro nology, such as semiconductors, discharge lamps, and nuclei scopic techniques, and electrical resistance thermometers are power. In many of these fields, the deployment of large scientifi important measuring means. High-temperature chemistry plays an important role in inorganic syntheses, structure determina resources has resulted in rapid technical development and in dustrial growth. Some have made novel demands on the glass tions, determination ; of transport properties and kinetics, and and ceramic industries, and these sciences may be destined to measurement of classical physical properties. Important goals " make important contributions to the development of new com for the future should include the establishment of highly reliable munication systems and improved power stations. F.W.G standards for temperature measurement, new techniques for Single crystals as engineering materials. R. D. Olt and R Q attaining high temperatures, development of apparatus for at Rudness. Mater. Design Eng., 57 [3] 86-91 (1963).--Single taining high temperatures in highly oxidizing atmospheres, better means for deducing the structures of high-temperature crystals of sapphire, ruby, rutile, Si, W, Mo, Ta, Ni, V, ferrites oxides, carbides, borides, silicides, quartz, beryl, and garnets are gaseous molecules, and the determination of high-precision discussed with their applications and improved properties over thermodynamic data' for high-temperature systems, especially the polycrystalline form. Electrical and mechanical properties heats of formation and heat capacities of high-temperature e of sapphire are tabulated and compared with those of 85 and materials over wider, ranges of pressure and temperature. As 99.5% AljOa. Various crystal growing methods are shown sche high-temperature chemistry becomes of age new molecules will matically. 11 figs., 3 tables. D.J.B. be discovered, new techniques will be developed, and new theories Standards and labels for quality of ceramic products. A. will be required to explain chemical and physical phenomena over Baudran. Ind. Ceram., 1963, No. 549, pp. 62-68.--Standards the range 1000 to 1,000,000K. 2 figs., 1 table, 6 refs. have been established to guarantee quality and uniformity and ! H.T.H. to simplify the number of models. Building products and most Computer controlled systems. Anon. Instr. Control Systems, consumer products have been standardized in the last few years. 36 [5] 85-90 (1963).--Computer experience from the chemical * Standards organizations and their work are discussed. Standards process, public utilities, and cement fields is reported. 6 photos. and labels lead the manufacturer to a simpler technique and the W.W.P. commercial angle, and give the consumer a better knowledge of Industrial hygiene design in raw materials handling systems. the product and an assurance of its qualities and properties. \Y. V. Andresen. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 23, 509-13 (Nov.- The present state of the work in the ceramic industries is re Dee. 1962); APCA Abstr., 8 [12] 2 (1963).--The raw materials viewed, and a list of French specifications is appended. used in industry may be gases, liquids, or solids. The general L.J.M. considerations which affect dust conditions are the quantity of United States ceramics--education, training, and research. material utilized and the raw material physical form. Operations ^ W. L. German. Ceramics, 14 [171] 11-12,14 (1963).--G. surveys leading to problems of dust exposure during materials handling U. S. educational practices as seen through British eyes, with are discussed. The problems and methods of control are pre particular emphasis on ceramic aspects. Comparisons and con sented with emphasis ion closed systems and ventilation. __ trasts are drawn with the British system. W.W.P. Manufacturers association formed. Anon. Ceramics, 14 [171] Works control in the ceramic industry and its value. K. 17-18 (1963).--An association of firms engaged in the design, Litzow. Ind. Ceram., 1963, No. 549, pp. 55-61.--The efficiency manufacture, and installation of all forms of ceramic production of works control depends to a large extent on the general organiza equipment has been formed to raise the standards of productivity ^ tion of the factory. Only when the experience acquired is wisely in the ceramic industry by improving the design and manufac applied and the faults which arise are rapidly detected does ture of all forms of production and handling machinery. 1 photo. works control fulfill its function. Great differences are en j W.W.P. countered in practice, and works control must be adapted to Market and ceramic industry in Brazil and the Argentine __ each product. The method used and the frequency of testing Republic. M. Roger. Ind. Ceram., 1962, No. 546, pp. 445-55.-- vary according to the importance of the work. Methods of The remarkable economic development of certain South American interpreting and using the tests must be defined exactly. The countries has led to the study, in the ceramic industry, of the expenses incurred by works control are determined with the aid possibilities of investment offered to foreign capital. By analyz- j of a cost diagram. Benefits gained by works control exceed ing the market for ceramic products and the evolution of the those normally obtained by investment of the same capital. national industry, it is possible to forecast for Brazil the value of 4 figs. L.J.M. new investments in the refractories and the structural materials industries. In Argentina, the refractories industry will benefit __ from a plan for economic reorganization aimed toward the heavy See also Sect. VIII: The term "porcelain"--its scope and its metallurgical industry. The possibilities and risks of such limitations. - Ceramic Abstracts October _.eaction phase, the article having an oxygen gain of with a bonding agent and water is molded at > 1000 psi and grpH xu.6 to 43.8%( wt) and the material being characterized by at <2700 to 2750oF, the mix containing 3.6 to 7.5 FeO, 4.0, chemical inertness in air to mixtures of boron and boron oxide 7.0 AI3O1, 9.3 to 15.0 CrjOa, and 50 to 70 MgO (the sum of Fcq between the mp of boron oxide and 2700F. D.J.B, AhOj, CrsO, and MgO being at least 70%) and including no m0r' Silicon carbide resistance body and method of making it. 9 than 11.0 CaO. 8.6 Fe403. and 8.7% SiO. D.J.B. John A. O'Connor and Stanley J. Matys (Carborundum Co.). Stable silica-clad thoria sols and their preparation. Way0 U. S. 3,094,679, June 18, 1963.--The method comprises joining T. Barrett, Moises G. Sanchez, and Milton C. Vanik (\y C the hot section of a silicon carbide electrical resistance heating _ Grace & Co.). TJ. S. 3,097,175, July 9, 1963--The hydroth^ element to a cold end with a carbon-containing welding composi mally stable sol consists of an aqueous alkaline dispersion of in tion, siliconizing the joint to form a weld of beta silicon carbide to 60% thoria particles having a surface layer of silica sufficient to containing free carbon and free silicon, and annealing the joint impart a negative charge to the particles, as measured by u, above 1800C to increase the percentage of silicon carbide in the , electrophoretic method, and contains enough alkali metal b.v joint and to reduce the content of free silicon and free carbon, droxide to give a pH of 7.0 to 10.0. D.J.B D.J.B. Sintered refractory material. Temple W. Ratcliffe (Babcock & Wilcox Co.). U. S. 3,094,424, June 18,1963.--A pouring nozzle See also Sect. VI: (patent) Article stacking and stram)in for molten metal comprising a chrome-magnesite mix combined machine. g VIII--whiteware Behavior of a Bingham fluid in the cone-and-plate viscometer. gold plate. Ceramic items have been satisfactorily coated, q G. Boardman and R. L. Whitmore. Bril. J. Appl, Phys., 14 figs., 3 tables. W.W.P, [6] 391-95 (1963).--A theoretical explanation of the shear-stress _ Higher zinc oxide content in mat glazes for Seger cone 05. characteristics of a Bingham fluid as given by this viscometer is Karl Groessl. Keram. Z., 15 [5] 272-73 (1963).--Although 20q developed for the case when the fluid is separated from the sur gives a very good mat finish (especially with blue and certain faces of the instrument by a thin layer of Newtonian liquid. It is green glazes), it causes peeling and shrinking of the glaze when it shown to apply qualitatively to china clay suspensions, and a ^ is used in the necessarily high proportion. The difficulty is partly method is given for deriving the true parameters of the fluid from alleviated by precalctatag the ZnO, but there is no difficulty in the flow curve. 3 figs., 4 refs. W.A. introducing up to 11.6% ZnO as a fritted mixture of wollastonite Control of manufacture in a ceramic sanitary ware plant G. 41.7 and ZnO 58.3 (or CaCOs 31, quartz 13.6, and ZnO 50.4%) Eynard. Ind. Ceram., 1963, No. 551, pp. 165-69.--The develop- _ or up to 18.4% ZnO as a fritted mixture of wollastonite 26.4 and tag market for sanitary ware has encouraged change in produc ZnO 73.6% (or CaCOj 20.6, quartz 12.4, and ZnO 67.0%). T(,e tion methods and equipment and has resulted in the need for mixture is best fritted at the maturing temperature of the glaze closer collaboration with the industrial laboratory. The primary subjective qualities of the technician, based on experience and e J.A.S. ' Increasing the green mechanical strength of porcelain bodies. intuition, have had to be augmented by rational data supported Zbygniew Syska. Sklar Keram., 11 [2] 35-39 (1961).--S. by regular controls and precise standards. At the Societe Gene- studied the possibility of increasing green strength by various rale de Fonderie, where vitreous ware is made by single firing, additions. He discusses the improvement obtained by aging and efforts have been concentrated on glazing, the determining factor __ by the addition of highly plastic clays and bentonites (Ca benton of the quality of the product. To combat silicosis, spraying has ites and activated Na clays), sulfite lye, humus, and glykocei been gradually abandoned in favor of dipping. Basic and (carboxymethylcellulose). The advantages and disadvantages secondary controls are indispensable with this primitive method. of the additives indicate that bumta substances and glykocei Control of green strength reduced rejects before firing and con- j might have practical application; both are discussed in detail. firmed the need for drying. Control of viscosity and fusibility Results of laboratory and plant tests are given. 8 tables, 12 assured glaze maturity. Intermittent control of the whiteness refs. A.D. and thickness of the glaze improved quality. By equating Investigation of the surface of a glaze by light interference. volume of manufacture and sale price with risks (hypothetical or __ M. Mehmel. Keram. Z,, 15 [5] 265-68 (1963).--The method of statistical) and their effect on cost price, the limits for the applica M. Uhlig (Zeiss-Werkz., 30, 70-77 (1958)) is applied to reveal tion of control can be set. 7 figs. L.J.M. glaze surface irregularities by observing (and photographing) Control of the properties of glazes by the aid of eutectics-- the light interference patterns formed by the reflection of T1 study of fusion behavior and other properties of ceramic mixtures g radiation X = 0.54p. Instead of using a lacquer replica, a "silver in the eutectic areas: IV, Alkali-BjOs-SiOs systems; V, System mirror" is chemically deposited on the surface of the glaze. PbO-BsOj-SiOj. Arhtur S. Watts. J. Am. Ceram. Sac., 46 [8J Photographs show the patterns caused by unevenness as small as 371-73 (1963).--Glasses of the systems were prepared and tested 0.03m and by the presence of small bubbles just beneath the sur for solubility in water. 4 figs., 2 tables, 1 ref. For part III see -- face of the glaze. The bowing of, e.g., the bottom of a plate, is ibid., 44 [6] 272-76(1961). indicated by a pattern of concentric closed loops. 7 photos, 8 refs. Effect of various additives on the behavior of porcelain bodies J.A.S. during firing. Evzen Kraomes. Sklar Keram., 11 [2] 48-50 Manufacture of plates by pressing. Ernst Brueckner. Keram. (1961).--Several additives were introduced into the basic porce- ft Z., 15 }3] 128-29 (1963).--B. challenges the statements made by lain body. Firing behavior was studied on bisque-fired test Apfelbeck, Cach, and Jeuthe that die pressing is a practicable pieces by determining the starting deformation temperature and method for manufacturing acceptable flatware. The difficulties the temperature at which the middle of the test piece showed a of sufficiently compacting the body in a dry or semiplastic state sag of 10 mm. Evaluation of the results showed a close correla- -- to produce a fine surface finish and good mechanical strength are tion between the deformation or its rate and the molar ratio described and discussed. B. knows of no manufacturer who has RjOa: (RjO + RO) computed from the body compositions. 1 produced salable ware by die pressing a dry or semidry powder. fig., 3 refs. A.D. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1961, Oct., p. 244e; 1963, March, p. 79c. Faulty brown glazes having a metallic luster effect. Friedrich * J.A.S. Dettmer. Keram. Z., 15 [5] 264-65 (1963),--Previous investi Moisture expansion of a ceramic body and its internal surface gators have attributed this luster to precipitation in the glaze of area. W. F. Cole. Nature, 196 [4850] 127-28 (1962).--It has he spinel MnO-AbOa or the ferrites FeO-FejOj or MnO-FesOj, been found that for an earthenware body fired above the tem o a sulfide of Mn, or even to the formation of immiscible glassy -- perature of the moisture expansion peak at 1000C, moisture ex hases. X-ray analysis, supported by the magnetic nature of the pansion and internal surface area follow parallel courses, but ster, shows that the luster is due to the -/-FejOa phase; the below 1000I>C they move in reverse directions. The cause of esence of some sulfide may nucleate the precipitation. 4 refs. this is attributed to variation in pore size with increasing firing J.A.S. 7 temperature. 3 figs., 1 table, 4 refs. Ci. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.,i` old plating with spray guns. G. S. Gomes and D. J. Levy. [9] 428-34 (1962). A.M.L- d. Finishing, 27 [10] 36-44 (1963).--Simultaneous spraying of Problems in the slip casting of porcelain. P. P. Budnikov. water-base solutions, one containing gold in solution and the Sklar Keram., 11 [2] 40-42 (1961) --P. gives the theoretical basis r a chemical reducing agent, results in a mirror bright yellow of the technology of slip casting including the preparation 0 j963 IV, Ceramic-Metal Systems--V, Glass 303 porcelain enamel slip control--are today's methods adequate? acid dissolved in an aqueous solution of 15 sodium silicate, 10 to ^jjon. Metal Prod. Mfg., 20 [6] 37 + 3 pp. (1963).--Current 15 comminuted zirconium silicate, 5 to 10 comminuted silica, and uiethods of applying porcelain enamel slip (flow coating, mechani- 15 to 30%(wt) admixed metallic oxide. D.J.B. dipping, 'automatic spraying, etc.), to which production Copper borate antifouling pigment. Edward J. Dunn, Jr., ^bedules are'geared, require close control. The pneumatic vis and Martin Kushner (National Lead Co.). U. S. 3,100,718, Aug. cosity control, specific gravity-pickup, specific gravity-slump, 13, 1963.--A composite pigment particle consists of a silica core *. ([rajn time, flow through an orifice, and water-content techniques (25 to 75% silica) and a coating of copper borate. D.J.B. " ~ ge adequate or near adequate in specific instances, but they are _ Energy conversion process and apparatus. Ernest H. Lyons, jpbject to the type of product coated, type of slip, method of Jr. U. S. 3,100,163, Aug. 6,1963.--The process comprises heating gpplication, and other processing details. Thus, better controls at > 800K, in the absence of substantial amounts of reducing i and techniques are desired. 4 photos. L.S.O'B. agents, CuO, Co304, Mn02, Pb02, Pb20<, and/or Fe202 to convert progress of .vitreous enameling industry and research in India. b it to Cu20, CoO, MnsOt, PbO, and/or Fe20lf cooling the lower S S. Verma. j Central Class Ceram. Res. Inst. Bull. (India), 10 oxide to below 400K, immersing it in oxygen-transferring elec i [i] 23-30 (1963).--A review. 4 tables, 26 refs. R.L.T. trolyte and using it as an anode in cooperation with an oxygen- Techniques! tot controlling porcelain enamel slip. Anon. supplying cathode to produce electric current with resultant re- }Ielal Prod. Mfg., 20 [7] 28, 31 (1963).--Techniques are described __ oxidation to the higher oxide, returning the higher oxide to the i f0r measuring, specific gravity (relative weight of slip per unit heating step, and repeating the process continuously so that the volume), pickup (weight of enamel retained on standard panel energy used to heat the higher oxide is converted at high efficiency ' dippe6 in slip), slump (flow of measured column of slip released on into electrical energy. D.J.B. standard flat surface), and rate of flow (volume of slip passed c Method of joining carbon. John G. Lewis and Harold A. through standard orifice under standard pressure). 2 photos. Ohlgren (American Metal Products Co.). U. S. 3,101,403, Aug. L.S.O'B. 20, 1963.--The method comprises placing the surfaces together in a nonreactive atmosphere and striking an electric arc between a PATENTS __ welding rod made of a metal from group IV-A, V-A, or VI-A of the periodic table and the carbon to melt the metal and cause it to Antifouling ^pigment. Edward J. Dunn, Jr., and Martin penetrate into the carbon surfaces. D.J.B. jCushner (National Lead Co.). U. S. 3,100,719, Aug. 13, Submerged-melt welding and composition therefor. Robert 1963.--A composite pigment particle consists of a silica core (25 d A. Kubli and William B. Sharav (Union Carbide Corp.). U. S. .J 10 75% silica) and a coating of copper oxide. D.J.B. 3,100,829, Aug. 13, 1963.--A composition for producing high Coating composition. Takeichi Oshima and Yukichi Uyemura. impact low temperature welds is composed of 33 to 55 CaO, 30 to TJ. S. 3,100,154, Aug. 6, 1963.--A refractory, solvent-proof, and 45 Si02, 2 to 6 MnO, 2 to 8 fluoride, and a trace to 10% Ti02. j gnticorrosive coating consists of 1.5 to 2.5% metal salt of a fatty _ D.J.B. V--Glass J Automatic glass batching--key to modem glassmalring: I. Anon. Brit. Chem. Eng., 8 [8] 555 (1963).--Project FINGAL Alvin J. Gold. Ceram. Ind., 80 [6] 60-62 (1963).--G. discusses (Fixation in Glass of Active Liquors) disposes of fission product I batch plant structure, unloading systems, and cullet handling. wastes by mixing them, as a nitric acid solution, with slurried J 2 figs. n. Ibid., 81 [1] 66-68, 76-79.--Scales, diluting or pre- __ borax and silica and fusing to a glass. 1 fig. W.W.P. mixing of minor ingredients, feeders to the scales, controls, addi- Flame-spectrometric determination of Na and K with BaCl2 as j tion of coloring ingredients, and wet batching are discussed. buffer. Friedrich Hegemann, Heinrich Kostyra, and Barbara 4 4 figs., 1 table. ' W.K.S. Pfab. Glastech. Ber., 30 [1] 14-17(1957).--Quantitative analysis J Coloration of glass containing titanium. Teruo Sakaino, Taro j of Na and K contents of > 1 % can be simplified by buffering with 3 Moriya, and Kenji Koide. Yogyo Kyokai Shi, 70 [798] 190-94 BaCl2. Na and K are determined in one solution. Sample and 1 (1962).--Nine silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses were used standard solution may differ in content of the second alkali. The \ as the base. Ti3+ and Ti,+ coexist in glass, and melting in a re- mutual influence of K is reduced to one half, and that of Na to ;j during atmosphere increased the content of the former, coloring -- one fifth. Equal contents make analysis difficult; for samples the glass blue. There are two forms of Ti<+, one being a network with unknown contents it is advisable to determine the values 1 modifier, Ti06, find the other a network former, TiO< or (TiO<),,. roughly in advance. The average relative error of this procedure ] The former gives colorless glass, and the latter gives yellow to is 0.7% of the Na or K content. Under given conditions the 5 brown glass. Equilibria such as TiOj < TiO (TiO,),, are as- g content of the standard may differ from that of the sample solu ' sumed. 4 figs.,'2 tables, 11 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1962, July, tion as follows: for Na analysis 60% of the K20 value, and for p. 163A; 1963, Aug., p. 208A. K.Y. K analysis 100% of the Na20 value. In this case, the analyti Devitrification of optical glasses. Tetsuro Izumitani and cal error will not exceed 0.5%. Several examples are given. 2 Yosiro Moriya. Yogyo Kyokai Shi, 70 [797] 131-42 (1962).-- -- figs., 4 tables, 12 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1959, Feb., p. 65o. Liquidus temperature, viscosity, and surface tension of glasses of I.N. j the B2Oj-CdO-La2Oj system were measured, and the devitrifica- Formation and growth of bubbles in the process of glass melting. " tion was studied. Addition of Si02, Ge02, BeO (< 2%), and Tetsuro Izumitani and Ryohei Terai. Yogyo Kyokai Shi, 70 AliOj lowered the liquidus temperature, and the first three in h [799] 203-209 (1962).--The formation and the growth of bubbles creased the viscosity; thus these compounds were effective in re- were treated as a phase transition phenomenon. Theoretical - during devitrification. The more stable the glass, the lower is the equations were derived based on the theory that bubbles form in i liquidus temperature and the higher is the viscosity. 14 figs., 5 a supersaturated solution and grow by gas diffusion in the solu- tables, 18 refs. K.Y. -- tion. The results of experiments on C02 bubbles in water and Fiber glass fabric filters for high temperature dust and fume glycerine agreed with the theory. In molten BK 7 glass, bubbles control. I. J. Gusman and R. C. Horton. J. Air Pollution Con- were found to grow during the process of melting. 11 figs., 2 ... M Assoc., 13 [6] 266-67 (1963); A PCA Abstr., 9 [3] 3 (1963). tables, 4 refs. K.Y. --The basic qualities of fiber glass filter fabrics are breaking 1 High-pressure effects on oxide glasses: I, Densification in strength, weight] count, width, flexural strength, and air perme rigid state. J. D. Mackenzie. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 46 [10] 461- ability. It is important that filter fabrics be judged by the varia 70 (1963).--Densification of Si02, Ge02, and B202 glasses in the tion in properties rather than by an absolute value. Although no rigid state was studied at pressures up to 80 kbars and at tem- one system of air filtration can be appropriate for all problem peratures up to 600C in different pressure-transmitting media. areas, fiber glass', filter fabrics perform efficiently for the carbon The infrared, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance absorp black, cement, gypsum, iron, steel, nonferrous metal, chemical, tions of the compressed glasses were examined. Densification and public utility industries. New yarns with improved flex increased with time, temperature, pressure, and, more important, life, high temperature lubricants, use of available weaves, ac- 7 with applied shear. This process of volumetric shrinkage in the - cumulation of engineering data, and proper combination of glass rigid state at low temperatures is fundamentally different from 7am, weave, and finish will result in the effective use of fiber glass that at temperatures at or above the glass transition. A quali * b the field of air pollution control. tative model involving mutual entanglement of parts of the ran . "Fingals Cave" for fixation of radioactive wastes in glass. dom glassy network is postulated to explain the observed results. 312 Ceramic Abstracts November How to apply noble metals to ceramics. Ralph T. Hopper. Ceram. Ini., 80 [6] '65-66, 74-76 (1963).--The use of noble metals which are thermally deposited from metallo-organic solutions is discussed. 1 fig., 21 refs. W.K.S. Possibilities for; forming, especially of metal ceramics. F. Sauerwald. Naturwissenschaften, 50 [1} 17 (1963).--S. discusses briefly the forming,of metal powders by the use of a plaster mold inserted in a steel mold. Separation of the pressed body from the plaster mold is achieved by a thin plastic foil. 1 ref. G.B. Refractory dust control at Harbison-Walker. Anon. Non- metallic Minerals Process., 3 [12] 18 (1962).--Dust control sys tems integrated with two drying operations trap and reclaim valuable dead-burned magnesite and chrome ore dust at the Baltimore, Md., plant of Harbison-Walker Refractories Co, 1 fig. R.W.M. Theoretical analysis of extrusion processes. G. Capriz. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Sac., 62 [4] 339-61 (1963).--For a theoretical study of the behavior of a clay during extrusion, a model must be introduced to describe the mechanical properties of the clay. The simplest model is the Bingham body characterized by two material constants, a yield stress and a viscosity. Some types of flow of a Bingham body (such as the flow in a tube or between coaxial cylinders and the flow in a conical channel) have been studied already, but as the final formulas resulting from the studies are rather complicated, further developments and partic ularly applications to problems of technical interest are awkward. To overcome the difficulty, a simplifying condition is introduced, which does not seem to be too onerous in practice: consideration only of flows so slow that the viscous stresses which arise are on average much smaller than the yield stress. This hypothesis is expressed rigorously; its consequences in the study of some typi cal problems are shown; and the formulas arrived at are used for the approximate study of ram extrusion. Existing analyses of the motion of a Bingham body in an auger rely on the simplifying hypothesis that the! auger channel is shallow. In practice this condition is not satisfied; a more adequate model has therefore been introduced in which no condition is put on the aspect of the channel, although the local effect of the side walls is still disre garded. It is then possible, e.g., to follow the transition between plug flow and viscous flow. The formulas derived are applied to the study of auger extrusion. The results of the analysis of auger extrusion are discussed, and comparisons with experimental re sults are instituted. 6 figs., 9 refs. A.W.N. PATENTS Apparatus for shaping and compressing sheets of asbestos cement into particles of complex configuration. Giorgio Mar- chioli and Giuseppe,Gremigni. U. S. 3,099,061, July 30, 1963. D.J.B. Dual-wedge high-pressure apparatus. Edward C. Lloyd, Daniel P. Johnson, and Ulric O. Hutton (United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Commerce). U. S. 3,100,912, Aug. 20, 1963. ' ' D.J.B. Gyrating [lateral] screen. Robert A. Denovan (Denovan, Ltd.). U. S. 3,101,315, Aug. 20, 1963. D.J.B. Multiple injection molding apparatus. Adolp_ h _J. De M^att, (Farrel-Birmingham Co., Inc.). U. S. 3,100,913, Aug. 20, iggg0 d.j.b Pneumatic conveyor [with pressure vessel] for pulveran, materials. Douglas Albert (Albert Air Conveyor Com \ U. S. 3,099,497, July 30, 1963. d.j.b ' Process and apparatus for the drying and burning of pelleto Waldemar Bielenberg, Franz Rodis, Hans W. Ziegler, Gunt ' Dronsek, and Arnulf Hinz (Knapsack-Griesheira Akt.-Gg-T U. S. 3,100,106, Aug. 6, 1963.--The apparatus comprises a fij- i traveling grate passing through drying, calcining, and sojourn chambers, a second traveling grate passing through a cool" chamber at a lower level than the first, gas outlets through th? walls of the chambers below the first grate, cooling gas in]et- below the second grate, and suctionmeans connected with the outlets. D.J.B Pump for imparting movement to dry pulverulent material Allan J. Kayser. U. S. 3,099,496, July 30, 1963.--The Pu comprises a horizontal conveyor screw cylinder with a top openin for receiving material, a rotatable tubular shaft extending throughout the length of the cylinder, means for introducing under pressure into the intake of the shaft, a porous-walled tube for distributing the air through the discharging pulverulent material, and jet tubes on the shaft to discharge air about the stream of discharging pulverulent material. D.J.B Screen [vibratory] deck construction. Louis W. Johnson U, S. 3,101,314, Aug. 20, 1963. D.J.B. ' Sonic treating apparatus. James W. McAuley (Libbey -OwensFord Glass Co.). U. S. 3,099,759, July 30,1963.--A sonic energy generating apparatus comprising magnetostrictive transducers in side-by-side relation, each having a core, a polarizing device and a metallic acoustical directive member secured to the core and extending in alignment with the major direction of its magneto strictive movement, includes a highly insulating member for re ceiving the cores which has an inductively wound wire coil em bedded in it D.J.B. Stencil screen coating comprising polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and a light sensitizing agent. Andrew B. Chismar and Elmer W. Kmetz (Owens-Illinois Glass Co.). U. S. 3,100,150, Aug. 6, 1963. D.J.B. Supports for aerating particulate materials. Harold De Hart and Donald H. Brooks (Indevco, Ltd.). U. S. 3,099,493, July 30, 1963.--A container apparatus has an apertured bottom plate through which pressurized gas passes from a gas box encompass ing the bottom into the container. D.J.B Tile measuring machine. Frank M. Folk (Ludowici-Celadon Co.). U. S. 3,099,954, Aug. 6, 1963.--The measuring station comprises guide wheels mounted on one side of a belt, a sizing bar pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on the other side, a spindle wheel adjacent one end of the sizing bar. the bar being spring-biased toward the belt so that the spindle wheel is con tacted by the articles to be measured, switches mounted so that the sizing bar will contact them when it is urged away from the belt by the articles, and marker arms on the side of the belt op posite the switches, each arm terminating in a marker extending -- over the articles. D.J.B. XI--Instruments and Test Methods Carbon films for electron microscopy. J. Matthews and D. A. Buthala. Rev. Set. Instr., 34 ]5] 592 (1963).--An improved technique for forming carbon films for electron microscopy with out the use of a parting layer is described. A.M.L. Cathodic etching of plutonium ceramics. G. A. Keig and H. R. Haines. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Sor., 62 [4] 363-73 (1963).-- The etching of stoichiometric plutonium dioxide and of solid solutions with uranium oxide containing more than 30% pluto nium oxide has proved to be virtually impossible by conventional chemical and electrochemical techniques. An ionic bombard ment apparatus designed for etching plutonium ceramics is described. Details of its operation are given, and photomicro graphs of plutonium oxide and carbide samples etched in this apparatus are included. 9 figs., 7 refs. A.W.N. Chemical polishing of uranium dioxide. A. Bassi and G. Camona. Energia Nucl. (Milan), 10 [5] 277-79 (1963).--Two polishing baths suitable for polishing uranium dioxide are de scribed. L.L. Comparative evaluation of three techniques of pipette analysis. J. S. Creager and R. W Sternberg. J. Sediment. Petrol., 33 [2] 462-66 (1963).--In pipette analysis for the mechanical analysis of fine sediment, there are three techniques for determining the fine fraction in a sample: (1) assumed fine fraction, (2) corrected fine fraction, and (3) initial aliquot. Each method gives the quan tity of a given fine fraction. When the same sediment is an alyzed by each method the three results differ. Results ob tained on a control sediment were evaluated by a statistical procedure. This indicates that the initial aliquot, although quite different from the assumed fine fraction weight, is a signif icantly accurate measure of the total' suspended sediment. figs., 3 tables, 4 refs. Cf. Ceram. Abstr., 1961, Oct., p. 250&- J.E.G. Determination of small quantities of fluorine by pyrohydrolysis- H. Bennett and W. G. Hawley. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc., bl [v 397-404 (1963).--The development of a method for the mination of the fluoride content of Cornish stone and many othf silicate materials is described. It is based on a pyrohydrolyuc separation of the fluorine followed by titration with then" nitrate using alizarin S as indicator. 2 figs., 1 table, 3 re A.W-h- 320 Ceramic Abstracts November distinguished experimentally for a given reactant. 9 figs., 22 Monty M. Merlen (Barnes Engineering Co.). U. S 3 007 refs. 1 M.K.M. July 9, 1963. * jj.j b ' Thermal decomposition of NIL montmorillonites: I. J. L. Infrared spectrometer recorder wherein the spectra is Martin Vivaldi, F. Girela Vilchez, M. Hemaiz Bermudez de corded on a linear wave-number scale. Albert E. Martin Castro, and M. Rodriguez Gallego. Clay Minerals Bull., 4 [22] a Howard Grubb Parsons & Co., Ltd.). U. S. 3,095,503 Tunc 81-87 (1959).--It is suggested that the exothermic effect which appears on differential thermal curves for certain samples of 1963. D.JB' Method of controlling deposition of crystalline material fr NHt montmorillonite may be due to oxidation of the ammonia _ solution on a seed by use of a temperature profile cur m evolved. Such an effect is suppressed and replaced by an endo Charles B. Sawyer (Sawyer Research Products, Inc ) TJ o' thermic effect if an inert atmosphere is used. 3 figs., 1 table, 11 3,101,259, Aug. 20, 1963. ' f) j j refs. R.H.I. Microsyringe for gas chromatography. Marco Taratnasso and Water movement in porous materials: I, Isothermal vapor , Alberto Guerra (Laboratori Riuniti Studi e Ricerche SnAl transfer. D. A. Rose. Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 14 [5] 256-62 U. S. 3,094,155, June 18, 1963. D.J B " (1963).--The isothermal movement of water vapor through six Recorder for densitometer. Bela A. Silard. U. S. 3 096 lay porous materials, including sandstone, limestone, and clay soils, July 2. 1963. D.J.'b ' was studied on cylindrical samples 5 cm in diameter and 1.2 cm _ Source of radiation for infrared spectrophotometers. Gerhard deep in a simple diffusion cell. The results show two types of Jacobs and Albert Melcher. U. S. 3,100,828, Aug. 13, iggg flow dependent on whether or not there is liquid continuity. 6 figs., 16 refs. W.A. D.J.B. X-ray analyzing apparatus wherein two comparative detector channels have different absorption versus frequency characteris tics. John E. Bigelow (General Electric Co.). U. S. 3,100 261 Continuous rotation scattering chamber [for nuclear reaction]. Aug. 6, 1963. d.J.'b. ' John W. Verba and Roman A. Hawrylak (United States of America as represented by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission). See also Sect. V: High pressure effects on oxide glasses. Sect U. S. 3,100,263, Aug. 6, 1963. D.J.B. VII: Pyrolytic synthesis of titanium diboride. Symposium on Infrared comparison micrometer. ' Robert W. Astheimer and nuclear ceramics. - XV--General Bagassosis and silicosis in the Philippines. Gregorio D. Dizon, Jesus B. Almonte, and Jose E. Anselmo. J. Philippine Med. Assoc., 38 [11] 865-72A (1962); Philippine Abstr., 4 [1] 5 (1963).--Fourteen cases of silicosis were disclosed among workers in a mining company. The incidence (0.44%) is low. Crystallochemical1 classification of simple and interstratified clay minerals. V. A. Frank-Kamenetskii. Clay Minerals Bull., 4 [24] 161-72 (1960).--A previous classification scheme is revised and extended. Crystallochemical criteria, and particularly chemical composition and crystal structure, form the basis of classification. The principal mineral types and groups of current structural mineralogy have been retained in the system. 3 tables 9 refs. R.H.I. Seven fundamental principles of ceramics from the standpoint of research. V. Lach. Tech. Silikatu, 3, 187-93 (1957).--L. dis cusses the main ceramic principles formed by Stephenson, Mellor, and Singer. As the first, he forms the seventh principle: small quantities of inorganic substances contained in a body influence the creation of properties to a greater degree than their percentage contents would predict, and they often participate in reactions as catalysts. L. has changed the order of the other principles. 1 fig., 5 refs. S.M. XVI--Books Advances in Glass Technology: Part 2, History Papers and of 1962 Conference on Radiation Effects," by Paul W. Levy and " Discussions of the Technical Papers of the Sixth International -- R. A. Weeks. "Glass-ceramics catalyzed with zirconia," by Congress on Glass, July 1962, Washington, D. C. Edited by Megumi Tashiro and Masamichi Wada. "Application of ligand Frederick R. Matson and Guy E. Rindone. 1963. Sponsored by field theory to glasses colored by the transition metals," by C. R. the International Commission on Glass with the cooperation of Bamford. "Neodymium glass lasers," by R. F. Woodcock and The American Ceramic Society. Plenum Press, New York 11. U E. Snitzer. "Glasses formed by vapor deposition, "by W. D. xvii + 410 pp., illus. $15.--This volume essentially completes Kingery, J. M. Woulbroun, and R. L. Coble. "Influence of the Transactions of the VI International Congress on Glass. It excess oxygen in glass," by J. R. Hensler. "Experimental study constitutes a distinct innovation in the publication of such trans of Griffith flaws produced by impact," by S. M. Ohlberg, L. L. I actions in that it presents discussions, addenda to papers, and Sperry, J. M. Parsons, and H. R. Golob. "Effect of heat treat- I some papers not available at the time of the meetings. The ment on the strength of pristine bulk glass," by R. V. Caporali I published transactions of the previous similar Congresses were and R. E. Mould. "Relaxation of torsional stress in the trans- 1 essentially preprints of the papers to be presented or the papers formation range," by C. R. Kurkjian. "Chemically machinable > with minor corrections. As such, they did not include the.dis- ^ photosensitive glasses of the Li20-K20-Zn0-Si02 system," by N. cussions or much supplementary material. This extension of Soga, S. Sakka. and M. Tashiro. "Liquid immiscibility in the \ scope may account for the delay in the appearance of this book, which is to be regretted in view of the rapidly changing times in the fields pertaining to glass. The book is something of a potpourri in that it covers so wide a range of material and treatment system BaO-Si02," by J. F. Argyle and F. A. Hummel. "Striking effect due to iron oxide in certain phosphate glass," by Akira Naruse and Yoshihiro Abe. "Multiple break sources in laths of sheet glass," by C. H. Greene. "Interpretation of the infrared of the subject matter, but therein also lies much of its value and spectra of silicate glasses," by Gouq-Jen Su, Nicholas F. Borrelli. interest. It would be difficult to find an equivalently wide range and Adam R. Miller. "Surface nucleation of glass fibers," by of coverage pertaining to any other technical or industrial mate- 1 Charles L. Booth and Guy E. Rindone. "Radial distribution I rial. The volume is divided into sections covering (A) brief re study of vitreous barium borosilicates," by G. J. Piermarini anil j search announcements, (3) additional technical papers, (C) dis S. Block. "Paramagnetic color centers and ionic mobility w < cussions and addenda to the technical papers of part I, (D) his- _ germanium-doped quartz," by John H. Mackey. "Viscosity, torical papers, and () the inaugural addresses presented before density, and electrical resistivity determinations of molten the Congress. The titles and the authors of the contributions ternary lanthanum borates containing barium, tantalum, or ? are as follows: tungsten oxide," by Anil C. Ghose and Gouq-Jen Su. "Creation ; (A) "Semiconducting oxide glasses--principle of preparation and stability of pyramidal hardness impressions on glass," by ^ 'j and typical examples," by J. D. Mackenzie. "Dielectric losses 1 B. Hillig. "Absorption and emission characteristics of B*3SS*? 5 of quartz crystals in relation to their imperfections," by J. M. containing rare earth ions," by F. C, Lin, R. D. Haun, Jr., 33 Stevels. "Electron ' microscopic investigation of thin glass R. C. Ohlmanu. "Rapid method of boric oxide determination w films," by K. Peter (in German). "Electron microscopy and glasses containing 0 to 18% B2Oj using a weak source of s''' microheterogeneity of glasses," by Saara K. Asunmaa. "Review neutrons," by Jan Grebski. "Some theoretical remarks abou