Document 06neVed5K17b81ZL59M1Eajvx

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY JOAN MAERTIN, Executrix of ) the Estate of Lothar Maertin,) JOAN MAERTIN, individually ) and in her own right, et al ,) ) v. ) ) ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES, ) INC. , ) ) v. ) ) MONSANTO COMPANY and AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS ) ) COMPANY ) Civil Action L-95-cv 02849 (JBS) DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE ON BEHALF OF THE DEFENDANT/THIRD-PARTY PLAINTIFF ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES APRIL 29, 1998 , iII 3EPONET Taylor * Schroeder Reporting & Video "Meeting All Your Litigalion Needs" COURT REPORTERS 7494 Ethel Avenue St. Louis, Mo 63117 314.644.2191 800.280.DEPO Fax 314.644.1334 QUALITY ASSURANCE WATER PCB-SD0000071931 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE QUESTIONS BY: Mr. Taylor PAGE NO. 4 INDEX OF EXHIBITS PAPAGEORGE NO. DESCRIPTION 3/17/70 meeting notes- Bates 059941-45 11 4/3/70 memo- Bates 059946-47 14 Plasticizers info Bates 059971-73 39 8/28/69 "the Specialist" Bates 054389-90 43 Literature Survey Bates 059918-36 44 "Chemical Week" Bates 059894 44 Anniston Plant Newsletter Bates 059895-02 45 Products 1961 Bates 059907-08 50 (Exhibits attached to the original transcript only.) Condenselt! TM APRIL 29, 1998 1 APPEARANCES 2 3 For the Plaintiffs: 4 Mr. Gary Ginsburg, Es<j. Law Offices of Gary Ginsburg 5 Atrium D, Suite 101 3000 Atrium Way 6 Mt. Laurel, New Jersey 08054 7 For the Defendant/Third-Party Plaintiff Armstrong 8 World Industries: 9 Mr. Matthew A. Taylor, Esq, Duane, Morris & Heckscher, LLP 10 One Liberty Place Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 11 For the Defendant Monsanto Company: 12 Mr. Christopher M. DiMuro, Esq. 13 Latham & Watkins One Newark Center 14 Newark, New Jersey 07101 15 For the Defendant American Mineral-Spirits Company: 16 Ms. Susan Karlovich, Esq. Wilson, Elser, Moskowitz, Edelman & Dicker 17 Two Gateway Center Newark, New Jersey 07102 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Page 3 1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY 2 JOAN MAERTIN, Executrix of ) 3 the Estate of Lothar Maertin, JOAN MAERTIN, individually ) ) 4 and in her own right, et al., ) Civil Action L-95-cv ) 02849 (JBS) 5 v. 6 ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES, ) INC., ) 7v. 1 8) MONSANTO COMPANY and AMERICAN) 9 MINERAL SPIRITS COMPANY ) 10 11 DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE, produced, sworn and 12 examined on the 29th day of April, 1998, between the hours 13 of eight o'clock in the forenoon and six o'clock in the 14 afternoon of that day, at the offices of Taylor * 15 Schroeder Reporting & Video, 7494 Ethel Avenue, St. Louis, 16 Missouri before TAMMIE A. ST. ARBOR, Certified Shorthand 17 Reporter and Notary Public within and for the States of 18 Missouri and Illinois, in a certain cause now pending in 19 the United States District Court for the District of New 20 Jersey wherein JOAN MAERTIN, Executrix of the Estate of 21 Lothar Maertin, JOAN MAERTIN, individually and in her own 22 right, et al. are Plaintiffs and Armstrong World 23 Industries, Inc. is DefendantHTiird-Party Plaintiff and 24 Monsanto Company and American Mineral Spirits Company are 25 Defendants. Page 2 Page 4 1 IT is HEREBY STIPULATED AND agreed by and between 2 counsel for the Plaintiffs and counsel for the Defendants 3 that this deposition may be taken in shorthand by Tammie 4 ASt. Arbor, CSR and notary public, and afterwards 5 transcribed into printing, and signature by the witness 6 expressly reserved. 7 MR. DIMURO: Just before we start today, I want 8 to make a statement for the record. As everybody probably 9 knows by now, Mr. Papageorge is being produced again by 10 Monsanto in response to Magistrate Rosen's order that he 11 be produced to answer orders on DOP and Santicizers. 12 Mr. Taylor and I have reached an agreement that I would 13 also let him ask Mr. Papageorge questions about documents 14 which were subsequently produced by Monsanto after 15 Mr. Papageorge's first deposition and that the inquiry be 16 limited to those documents along with the DOP and 17 Santicizer questions. - jg * * * * * 19 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE, 20 of lawful age, produced, sworn, and examined on behalf of 21 Defendant/Third-Party Plaintiff, Armstrong World 22 Industries, deposes and says: 23 EXAMINATION 24 QUESTIONS BY MR. TAYLOR: 25 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Mr. Papageorge, my name is Matt Page 2 - Page 4 WATER PCB-SD0000071932 WILLIAM PAPAGEQRGECondenselt! TM________ APRIL 29, 1998 Page 5 Page 7 1 Taylor, and I did not take your deposition the first time 1 A. I don't recall the specific wording, but the 2 in November of 1997, but I'm here today on behalf of 2 gist of the instructions was one of continual respect for 3 Armstrong World Industries. You may know it as Armstrong 3 all materials. 4 Cork. During that deposition, you were asked some 4 Q. Were those safe handling instructions in 5 questions regarding your time at the Queeny Plant. Do you 5 connection with DOP and Santicizer similar to those 6 remember that? 6 general instructions for pcb type products? 7 A. I do. 7 MR. DIMURO: Object to the form. You can 8 Q. And as partof thosequestions, you were asked 8 answer. 9 about your involvement with DOP and the Santicizer 9 A. No. The PCBs were considered because of their 10 projects. Do you remember that? 10 chlorine content to be, what's the proper word I'm looking 11 A. I do. 11 for, not as innoxious as the phtalic esters. 12 Q. Santicizer productsrather. Inaddition,you 12 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Would the word be toxicity? 13 were inquired generally regarding Plasticizers and your 13 A. That is, also lends itself to relative in terms 14 name in Anniston about questions that came up from time to 14 of how much it takes to cause any harm, detectable harm. 15 time by employees regarding possible health effects that 15 But the phtalic esters are less apt to cause problems even 16 may be caused them because of PCBs. Do you remember that? 16 if they are not respected. In other words, if you get it 17 A. I remember some of it. I don't remember all the 17 on your hands, it's not apt to cause the chapped hands 18 details. 18 effect that the PCBs showed. 19 Q. Well, were there questions raised by employees 19 Q. Do you remember any issues regarding toxicity in 20 at Queeny regarding possible ill effects that may be 20 connection with DOP and Santicizer? 21 caused them because of exposure to the DOP or Santicizer 21 MR. DIMURO: At that time period? 22 products? 22 MR. TAYLOR: At any time. 23 A. The questions that were raised were typical of 23 A. No. 24 all of the industrial chemicals that the employees are 24 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Were they considered to be 25 exposed to. They would be raised on an individual basis 25 toxic? Page 6 Page 8 1 or at a safety meeting. 1 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 2 Q. And that was true of DOP and Santicizer as well 2 A. All chemicals are toxic, sir. It's a matter of 3 as PCBs? 3 method of exposure and time of exposure and amount of 4 A. And a thousand other chemicals, yes. 4 material the person is exposed to. 5 Q. I understand. Now, some time was spent at your, 5 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I understand. And I want to ' 6 the earlier deposition asking about the instructions on 6 know your general knowledge about toxicity of DOP and 7 safe handling of certain products. Do you remember that? 7 Santicizer and in connection with instructing those 8 A. I do. 8 dealing with those products, how to handle them safely. 9 Q. And I'm going to focus in on instructions given 9 A. Well, handling the material at room temperature 10 to employees of Monsanto or to anyone, customers that 10 is quite similar to the handling of mineral oil. But'if 11 would buy DOP or Santicizer regarding safe handling of 11 you take that same material and put it in a tank and heat 12 those products. Can you tell me what those instructions 12 it to the boiling point, you're going to create a fume 13 were? 13 problem. Now, that fume, not only because of its chemical 14 MR. DIMURO: Matt, just for clarification, are 14 nature, but because of the temperatures involved, can 15 you talking about the point in time he was at the Queeny 15 create an irritation to the breathing of a person. 16 Plant when he worked with these products? I think in his 16 Q. So the vaporization would be an issue for DOP 17 last deposition, that's where he said he had involvement, 17 and Santicizer as well? , 18 in that window of time when he was at the Queeny Plant. 18 MR. DIMURO: I object to the form. 19 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I'll ask you both, your 19 A. Not vapor at room temperature. 20 knowledge while you were at the Queeny Plant regarding 20 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I understand. 21 instructions on safe handling of DOP and Santicizer. 21 A. But it's a function of temperature. The higher 22 First, why don't we limit the question to your time 22 the temperature, the more aggravating it can be. And it 23 there. 23 varies from person to person for the same amount. People 24 A. You recognize this is four decades ago. 24 react differently so this is why we always went back to 25 Q. I understand. 25 respect that chemical, if you smell it, stay away from Page 5 - Page 8 WATER PCB-SD0000071933 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE Condenselt!TMAPRIL 29, 1998 Page 9 Page 11 1 it. If you have to go into the area, put on a 1 A. True. 2 respirator. Not that it's going to be like a cyanide, 2 Q. I'm talking about known situations that came to 3 you're not going to fall over and die, but no sense in 3 your knowledge whether it was through the medical 4 being exposed. 4 department or through an individual on an individual basis 5 Q. Was there a difference in the concerns generally 5 where someone had ill effects because of exposure to 6 between the heating of Santicizer products and Aroclor 6 Santicizer and DOPs and what that effect was. 7 products containing PCBs? 7 A, I have never experienced that, no. 8 A. Yes. 8 MR. TAYLOR: I would like to mark this as 9 Q. And what were those differences and concerns? 9 Papageorge No. 22 with today's date. 10 A. Well, the difference is that it was known that 10 (Papageorge No. 22 was marked for identification 11 the PCBs, when exposure was excessive, would result in 11 by the reporter.) 12 health symptoms. Some of these symptoms were looked upon 12 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Sir, some of these documents 13 as early warnings of unnecessary exposure. For example, 13 were produced after your initial deposition so I want to 14 breathing hot fumes excessively could lead to a situation 14 just refer to some additional documents which we're going 15 where the worker complains of a symptom that reminds us 15 to mark with today's date but continuing the numbering 16 all of a severe chest cold. 16 sequence utilized in the first part of your deposition. 17 Q. That's in connection with PCBs? 17 And I would just ask if you would review that for a 18 A. PCBs is what I'm talking about. And these are 19 what we refer to as early warnings. If that person didn't 18 minute. And just tell me when you're finished. 19 A. I have reviewed the exhibit. 20 pay attention when his eyes were watering and his throat 20 Q. And what type of meeting is this referring to, 21 was sore, now he's got this cough. He is not protecting 21 the March 17, 1970 meeting? Was that a special committee 22 himself with the proper respirator. 22 or - 23 Another early warning was the reddening of the 23 A. This was a meeting called by the - 24 skin which indicated an exposure through the skin. And 24 MS. KARLOVICH: What document are you looking 25 that's an early warning. Continued disregard for skin 25 at? What are the Bates for it? Page 10 Page 12 1 exposure could lead to an ailment referred to as 1 MR. TAYLOR: I'm sorry. It's titled Brief 2 chloracne. And continued exposure beyond that point could 2 Summary of PCBs Meeting March 17th, 1970 bearing Bates 3 lead to a liver damage and - 3 MAE 059941-45. 4 Q. All right. I'm sorry, did you finish? I didn't 4 MS. KARLOVICH: Okay. Thank you very much. 5 mean to cut you off. 5 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) You can continue. 6 A. I think I am. I just use those as examples, 6 A. These notes reflect the discussion held in 7 opportunities to correct your behavior before it gets too 7 Duluth, Minnesota at the Federal Water Laboratory on the 8 serious. 8 day of March 17, 1970. 9 Q. Let's take any of those symptoms that you just 9 Q. What was the purpose of the meeting? p' 10 gave me. Let's start with the burning of the throat for 10 A. This was, it was called by the director of the' 11 example. 11 laboratory, Dr. Mount, M-O-U-N-T, to offer an opportunity 12 A. Yes. 12 for those individuals who had shown an interest in pcbs in 13 Q. Were they, was that a concern for prolonged 13 the environment to review their understandings and 14 exposure to DOP or Santicizer? 14 findings as of that date. 15 A. I don't recall any such reaction to the 15 Q. And I, and, sir, if you turn to Page 3 of the 16 Santicizer or DOP. 16 document, there's a heading with your name, J, under 17 Q. What - strike that. 17 Section J. Do you see that? . 18 Were there any ill effects that you remember 18 A. I do. 19 relating to DOP or Santicizer in situations where there 19 Q. And was that your part of the program to talk 20 was prolonged exposure? 20 about uses of Aroclors? 21 A. I don't recall any, sir, because we first of 21 A. Yes, sir. 22 all, didn't tolerate prolonged exposure if there were hot 22 Q. And at that point, you had gone through an 23 vapors, for example, in the work area. 23 extensive historical review of the uses of Aroclors on a 24 Q. And that would be true whether it was Santicizer 24 historical basis; is that correct? 25 or Aroclors? 25 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. Page 9 - Page 12 WATER PCB-SD0000071934 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselti TM ____________________ APRIL 29, 1998 Page 13 Page 15 1 A. I don't know what you mean by extensive 1 see that name? 2 historical. 2 A. Yes, I do. 3 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) As I understood your earlier 3 Q. Do you remember Mr. Wright? 4 testimony, you had gone through some tutorials to get an 4 A. Yes, I do. 5 understanding as to where the Aroclors may have gone after 5 Q. And it was, it's been testified by others that 6 leaving Monsanto. 6 Mr. Wright had some responsibility in relation to the 7 A. Well, the tutorial was intended not only to 7 distributorship agreement between Monsanto and AMSCO. 8 cover that narrow area of information, but it was to 8 Does that, are you aware of that? 9 introduce me to disciplines that related to the 9 A. Not that specific, no. 10 environmental PCBs issue in areas that I had personally no 10 Q. Okay. Are you aware of that written agreement 11 strong background. For example, the medical field, the 11 between Monsanto and AMSCO? 12 marketing field, and the like. And that was the purpose 12 MR. DIMURO: Objection to the form. 13 of those early 1970 tutorials. 13 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) And when I say written 14 Q. And my question is: Say for example the 14 agreement, I mean memorializing the distribution or 15 marketing field where these products had been marketed to, 15 distributorship relationship between the parties. 16 you would know where they may be in the environment? 16 A. I was made aware of such an agreement. I have 17 A. Yes. Now of course having been involved with 17 never seen the document itself. 18 the manufacture and shipment of PCBs, I had a pretty good 18 Q. Who made you aware of that agreement and when? 19 understanding in a broad sense of the types of 19 A. It was early 1970 and as best as I recall, it 20 applications. The tutorials were more specific in terms 20 was the director of marketing for the Plasticizers group, 21 of the types of PCBs and perhaps the general quantities 21 Walter Schalk. 22 that went to certain customers, who the key customers 22 Q. And how did that topic come up? 23 were. It's that kind of detail that I was brought up to 23 A. He was the individual responsible for the 24 date on the tutorial. 24 marketing of PCBs. And, of course, this involved the sale 25 Q. And your understanding of the biggest uses, and 25 of PCBs to distributors. And I don't know the specifics Page 14 Page 16 1 I'm just looking at this document, you refer to 1 or the exact words, but he is the individual that I dealt 2 Plasticizers in Cl rubbers. Is that chlorinated rubbers? 2 with when it came time to who were our customers and how 3 A. Yes. 3 do we inform them. 4 Q. And caulking materials. Do you see that? 4 Q. And what was your understanding of that 5 A. Yes. 5 distribution agreement? How did it operate? 6 Q. I noticed for example thatsurface coatings are 6 A. Well, I understood that there were several 7 not mentioned here. Is there anyreason why? 7 entities involved in the distribution, that they would 8 A. Well, there was no exact number that served as a 8 warehouse certain types of PCBS in their facility, and 9 guideline as to what is a big use or a little use. What I 9 they would take care of an end user need in a geographic 10 mention here were the top five uses. I, at this point in 10 area that was assigned each of these distributorships! I 11 time, don't recall where coatings fell on the applications 11 don't know any of the other specifics. r 12 list. 12 Q. All right. Were you aware of, that Monsanto 13 Q. Okay. Next document which we wiE mark as 13 trained anyone at AMSCO whether it was their, the AMSCO 14 Papageorge 23 is an April 3, 1970 memorandum from Cumming 14 salesmen or anyone else within AMSCO? 15 Paton to various people. It bears Bates mae 059946-47. 15 A. I don't know that. 16 (Papageorge No. 23 was marked for identification 16 Q. Were you aware that Monsanto or any of its 17 by the reporter.) 17 employees were asked to speak at conventions or meetings 18 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Mr. Papageorge, if you could 18 of the AMSCO people? 19 take a minute to review that memorandum and let me know 19 MR. DIMURO: Object to the form. You can 20 when you're finished. 20 answer. 21 A. I have finished reading the exhibit. 21 A. I do not know that. 22 Q. Do you remember this memorandum? 22 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) What role were you aware of 23 A. Yes, I do. 23 that J.D. Wright played vis-a-vis AMSCO? 24 Q. Sir, before we get into the body of the 24 A. I don't know any specific relationship with 25 memorandum, there's one gentleman, J.D. Wright. Do you 25 AMSCO. Mr. Wright in my understanding represented, was a Page 13 - Page 16 WATER PCB-SD0000071935 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt! TM _____________________APRIL 29, 1998 Page 17 Page 19 1 representative of the marketing department involved with 1 Q. (By Mr, Taylor) Well, let me rephrase it. Were 2 Plasticizers which included PCBs. And that's the extent 2 you aware that customers would use the technical 3 of my association with Mr. Wright of PCBs. 3 bulletins, in this case, Technical Bulletin 306, for 4 Q. Were you aware of anyone within Monsanto with 4 guidance in and/or guidance for uses of the Monsanto 5 the specific role as a liaison between AMSCO and 5 Aroclor PCB products? 6 Monsanto? And maybe liaison is the improper word, but the 6 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form again. You 7 point person responsible for that relationship. 7 can answer it. 8 A. I don't know the individual, no. 8 A. This bulletin is not, at least in Monsanto's 9 Q. Was there such an individual? 9 viewpoint, a technical bulletin. It was a.promotional 10 A. I always had the understanding that distributors 10 bulletin sharing with potential and current customers 11 should, just like other customers, were assigned to 11 Monsanto's awareness that some of the PCBs were put in 12 individuals in Monsanto's marketing team. 12 certain applications and they apparently were successful 13 Q. Okay. Sir, if you look at Papageorge 24, which 13 and they wanted to let others know this. And they did it 14 is the April 3, it is 23, the memo in front of you, he has 14 through a bulletin like this one. 15 this as personal and confidential. Do you see that? 15 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) And, sir, my question is: Were 16 A. I do. 16 you aware that customers would utilize that bulletin in 17 Q. Do you know why it is so labeled? 17 their own use or their own formulation of uses for the PCB 18 A. That's the, that's Dr. Paton's. You'll have to 18 products? 19 ask him. I don't know why he did that. 19 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 20 Q. He says many of you have asked about the 20 A. I, of course, don't know how the customers, each 21 availability of Bulletin O/PL-306 which covers all 21 and every one of them, used the bulletins specifically in 22 Aroclors. Do you see that? 22 their application and their use of PCBs. There's nothing 23 A. Yes. 23 in the bulletin that tells them how much PCBs to add to 24 Q. Were you aware that people were asking for the 24 products or components X, Y, and Z to reach some end 25 bulletin at this time, during this time frame? 25 point. There's nothing like that. There are properties Page 18 Page 20 1 A. I don't know that I gave it any specific 1 in there like the specific gravity, and the viscosity, and 2 thought. This, of course, brought me up to date as of 2 flame resistance, these kinds of things. 3 April 3rd, 1970. 3 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Well, you were certainly aware, 4 Q. Were you aware that Bulletin 306 was out of 4 weren't you, that customers relied on those technical 5 print, which Mr. Paton states in the second sentence of 5 bulletins to help them in utilizing products? 6 that first paragraph? 6 MR. DIMURO: I'm going to object to the form. 7 A. No. Because as of April 3rd, 1970, that 7 A. I don't know that I realized that. I suspected 8 particular bulletin was not a, did not have a high 8 it. . 9 priority in my list of things to do, so I didn't address 10 it. 11 Q. Were you aware of that bulletin? 9 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Okay. Well, what, let me a$r k ' 10 it to you this way. What did you think customers would do 11 with the Technical Bulletin 306? / 12 A. Yes. 12 MR. DIMURO: I'm going to object to the form 13 Q. And why was it low on your priority list? 13 again. 14 A. Well, sir, there were dozens of bulletins. And 14 A. There again, I'll have to share with you what I 15 the PCBs issue was a fast evolving issue, so I had to keep 15 would have done under the same circumstances. I don't 16 up with the new developments and I didn't get a chance to 16 know what the customer did. But if I were to get a 17 go back to bulletins until much later on. 17 bulletin like that and was serious about at least trying 18 Q. Well, were you aware that that bulletin had been 18 out the PCBs that were described, I would get a hold of a 19 distributed for some time to customers? 19 Monsanto representative and ask a lot of questions. I 20 A. Yes. 20 would ask for samples. I would find, if I didn't have my 21 Q. And were youaware that customers utilized that 21 own laboratory, I would find somebody to do a little 22 bulletin to formulate applications for PCB products? 22 studying or testing for me and so on. 23 MR. DIMURO: Object to the form. 23 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) And, in fact, that's often what 24 A. I have some problem, sir, understanding the 24 the Plasticizer Council would be used for, the Monsanto 25 expression formulate their products. | 25 Plasticizer Council would be used for? Page 17 - Page 20 WATER PCB-SD0000071936 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt! TMAPRIL 29, 1998 Page 21 Page 23 1 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 1 seriously considering the discontinuance of the sale of 2 A. I'm not familiar with the term of Plasticizer 2 pcbs to what was perceived to be open uses. So that 3 Council. 3 thought was interwoven in this decision on how, if at all, 4 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Were you aware of a body within 4 we can make Bulletin 306 useful and current. It's that 5 Monsanto called the Plasticizer Council? 5 kind of discussion that I was involved with. And the 6 A. No. 6 decision was finally made since we're bowing out of the 7 Q. And the first sentence or the next heading, he 7 business, there's no, it makes no sense to say we 8 says, Mr. Paton writes, for your information only. Do you 8 recommend you use it in chlorinated rubbers and, and in 9 see that there's a heading that says, for your information 9 caulkings and - 10 only? 10 Q. I'm sorry. At this time? 11 A. I see it now, yes. 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. Do you have an understanding as to what 12 Q. Had the decision been made that you were going 13 Mr. Paton meant by that? 13 to bow out of the business by April 3 of 1970? 14 A. Well, as a recipient of this document at that 14 A. The decision had been made by the business 15 time, I have to share with you my understanding. 15 groups involved but had not been taken to the top 16 Q. That's what I'm asking. 16 authority within Monsanto for final approval. 17 A. I don't know what Dr. Paton had in mind. 17 Q. And that didn't happen until sometime in August 18 Q. What was your understanding? 18 of 1970? 19 A. I understood that this was to bring me up to 19 A. No. That approval was made, or that, that was 20 date, if you will, regarding the availability of this 20 considered by the top management committee about two weeks 21 O/PL-306 Bulletin. And the intentions regarding the 21 after the date of this memo. 22 reissue and the intent to publish a new bulletin which 22 Q. Okay. 23 would give physical properties without referencing 23 A. Two to three weeks. In April of '70. 24 applications. And that was for the, the readers' 24 Q. In April of '70, the decision was made that for 25 information. 25 sure the Aroclor pcb products were going to be pulled from Page 22 Page 24 1 Q. Okay. Now he says in the first sentence that 1 the market? 2 306 must drastically, must be drastically revised in light 2 A. Yes. 3 of the letters on PCBs that we have sent to our core 3 Q. He goes on to say, as you know we have programs 4 customers in the U.S. and plan to send to U.K. and 4 underway to solve the problems the PCB situation poses for 5 Canadian customers. 5 our Aroclor business. Do you see that? 6 MR. DIMURO: I just note it says letter, I think 6 A. I do, yes. 7 you said letters. 7 Q. What programs were underway to solve the 8 MR. TAYLOR: I'm sorry. Letter. 8 problems? 9 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) When he says must be 9 A. There were many. ,1 ' 10 drastically revised, do you know what he means by that? 10 Q. What types of programs? .. ' 11 A. He's referring to a letter that was mailed in 11 A. Improved analytical methodology so the 12 February of 1970 in which the latest information Monsanto 12 analytical laboratories no matter where they were located 13 had regarding the finding of some pcbs in the environment 13 could come up with results with high confidence. There 14 were reported to the customers. And in Dr. Paton's 14 was a concerted effort to demonstrate that, whether or not 15 opinion, that information should be included in any 15 the only PCBs in the environment were the higher 16 revision of this O/PL-306 Bulletin. 16 chlorinated or whether the others were also out there. 17 Q. Do you remember having a conversation with 17 There were studies made to find alternative chemicals to 18 Mr. Paton regarding this topic? 18 the PCBs to satisfy the needs of the customer. 19 A. Yes. 19 Q. Mr. Papageorge -- 20 Q. Outside of this memorandum? 20 MR. DIMURO: I don't think he was done. 21 A. Yes. 21 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I'm sorry. I thought you were 22 Q. And what were the nature of those? Why don't 22 finished. 23 you give me the details of those conversations as they 23 MR. DIMURO: Are you done? 24 just related to the revision of Technical Bulletin 306. 24 A. Well, I forgot exactly what I covered, but when 25 A. Well, at that point in time, Monsanto was 25 you say what program, there were many irons in the fire at Page 21 - Page 24 WATER PCB-SD0000071937 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE ________ Condenselt!TM ____________ APRIL 29, 1998 Page 25 Page 27 1 the time to try to keep PCBs out of the environment and 1 the decision was made and the studies were still 2 still provide Monsanto's customers with materials that 2 underway. But there was enough evidence out there, not a 3 would meet the customers' needs. 3 hundred percent of it, but enough evidence to give 4 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I believe the first program you 4 Monsanto good reason to bow out of those uses that we knew 5 mentioned, and I didn't follow up with a question because 5 resulted in immediate entry into the environment. 6 you were going through a list of programs, you said 6 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Okay. And when did Monsanto 7 something about to determine with confidence something. 7 first become aware, at least according to your information 8 And if I asked you to elaborate more, on the confidence in 8 that you were able to review through the tutorials or any, 9 what? 9 through that process of your learning process on the 10 A. The analysis of PCBs even to this day is highly 10 product, that PCBs were harmful or allegedly harmful to 11 sophisticated. In my personal experience, every 11 the environment? 12 laboratory that called me to receive samples ran into 12 MR. DIMURO: Object to the form. 13 problems invariably. The ability of virtually every 13 A. I hesitate because I don't know that it was a 14 laboratory that entered the PCBs analytical business, I'm 14 single date. It was an evolving set of information that 15 going to call it, to be able to reproduce its results with 15 kept coming in. And some of it was later disproven, but 16 a high degree of confidence was not easily achieved. Some 16 at that point in time, it appeared reliable. As to when 17 laboratories, it would take them virtually almost a year 17 did Monsanto become aware, of course there were the 18 to get to that point. So in early 1970, a lot of effort 18 reports of the pelicans off of the southern coast of 19 worldwide was going on by many, many laboratories to 19 California out of the University of Berkley. 20 achieve that degree of confidence. 20 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) And there was a report from 21 Q. Were any of these programs that were underway 21 Sweden? 22 geared towards discrediting some of the tests that came 22 A. No. This was Dr. Riesburough out of the 23 out of say, Sweden, and to rebut them, in other words, to 23 University of California. The initial report came out of 24 say that PCBs were in fact safe? , 24 Sweden but that was confusing because the report, the 25 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 25 reporters, the researchers who did the work were not Page 26 Page 28 1 A. No, sir. I would never have been involved in an 1 certain that it was PCBs the Biphenyl, they reported a 2 activity like that personally. 2 Biphenol. 3 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Wasn't it true at some point 3 Q. Prior to that report, was there any awareness by 4 Monsanto was sponsoring studies to show that what was 4 Monsanto that there was a problem with PCBs? 5 being said about them in the news media and in various 5 A. Absolutely not. 6 studies was incorrect? 6 Q. And that's, I'm referring to that there is, were 7 MR. DIMURO: Object to the form again. 7 allegedly problems with PCBs effecting the environment. 8 A. No. The studies were, that Monsanto did or 8 A. I'm confused, they're alleged. There was a 9 sponsored, were to verify what was being reported by other 9 presence in the environment. |' 10 entities. And if the results matched, we agreed. If they 10 Q. That's right and that's what the Swedish report 11 didn't, we'd have to sit down and discuss why the 11 stated? 12 differences. An example was that previous meeting in 12 A. Yes. 13 Duluth where we compared notes. At no time did Monsanto 13 Q. Prior to that, was there any evidence in the 14 conduct any study to prove somebody was lying. That was 14 hands of Monsanto that therewas any, there should be any 15 not the intent. 15 concern about pcbs in the environment? 16 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) And that's not my question. My 16 A. PCBs were considered by Monsanto and its 17 question was: Those studies were underway during this 17 customers and the scientific community as being so 18 time period in April of 1970? 18 inactive. And the expression that I've been using is like 19 A. Yes. 19 they were like pebbles on the beach. They were there, but 20 Q. And that the decision to pull Aroclors from the 20 no harm was noticeable. 21 market was delayed until some of those tests could confirm 21 Q. So my question is: Prior to that Swedish 22 or discredit some of the tests that were in the media, 22 report, there was no study or indications that concerned 23 correct? 23 Monsanto about PCBs? 24 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to form. 24 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. You can 25 A. No. The decision, sir, was not delayed because 25 answer it. Page 25 - Page 28 WATER PCB-SD0000071938 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt!TM _________________ APRIL 29, 1998 Page 29 Page 31 1 A. Monsanto had studies regarding an evaluation of 1 Q. Do you have an understanding of what he meant by 2 its toxicity as an industrial chemical. So there were 2 that? 3 studies on PCBs. 3 A. I have a personal understanding. 4 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I'm talking about any ill 4 Q. What is that? 5 effects to the environment. 5 A. He didn't want a document to be issued promoting 6 A. To the environment, no. 6 PCBs when we had just sent out a letter cautioning people 7 Q. And how about prior? When was the first study 7 about how careful they should be regarding the use of 8 you're aware of that there were allegations that PCBs were 8 those PCBs. And he just didn't want anything, to be 9 harmful to the human body? 9 perceived by any reader as an inconsistency. 10 MR. DIMURO: Object to the form. 10 Q. Well the next statement, sir, he states that the 11 A. Can you help me with your understanding of what 11 lack of O/PL-306 should not inhibit your sales or 12 you mean by studies? You mean did we get human beings 12 efforts. Do you see that? 13 lined up and feed them pcbs and that kind- 13 A. Yes. 14 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) No. There were certain studies 14 Q. Isn't that inconsistent, Mr. Papageorge? 15 whether or not, after some of the information came out 15 MR. DIMURO: I'll object. . 16 about the effect on the environment that focused on the 16 A. Well, you're assuming that the sales and efforts 17 possible effects it may have on human beings, correct? 17 are only related to PCBs. He's implying that substitute 18 MR. DIMURO: Object to the form again. You're 18 products available to Monsanto would still be part of the 19 not going to give any time period so it could be yesterday 19 sales efforts. 20 studies came out. 20 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) How do you know he's implying 21 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I mean prior to it being pulled 21 that? 22 from the market. 22 A. I'm just repeating to you what I read in that 23 A. Prior to the market pull, I don't recall any 23 sentence. That's, as I said earlier, you need to ask 24 studies relating to human beings and PCBs and harmful 24 Dr. Paton. 25 effects at that point in time. I just don't recall that. 25 Q. I'm reading the sentence as well and.I - well, Page 30 Page 32 1 Q. Sir, if you go back to Cumming Paton's 1 strike that. 2 memorandum, he states that we are cooperating with 2 He does not say in that sentence that it should 3 scientists and public agencies who have interest in the 3 not inhibit your sales or your efforts to Aroclors which 4 PCB situation. Is that what you were talking about, some 4 do not contain PCBs, correct? 5 of the studies, some of the programs underway? 5 A. Not on the Aroclor but phtalic esters and maleic 6 A. Yes. 6 esters and all kinds of Plasticizers. 7 Q. And he says that it would appear inconsistent 7 Q. Yeah. But this bulletin is specifically 8 from an image standpoint that at the time we are promising 8 referring to Aroclor Bulletin 306? 9 support to scientists slash agencies we publish a new 9 A. Yes. '$ ' 10 bulletin promoting PCBs. Do you see that? 10 Q. All right. So those, the sales efforts -- ` 11 MR. DIMURO: Well, he sees that, but you left 11 strike that. /,, . 12 out a line. 12 The Technical Bulletin 306 only deals with 13 A. You left out a parenthetical phrase there, in 13 Aroclors, correct? 14 all sincerity let me emphasize. 14 A. Yes. 15 MR. DIMURO: So just for the record, the 15 Q. And in fact, at this time, you were still 16 sentence is: It would appear inconsistent from an image 16 selling, Monsanto was still selling Aroclor 1254 for 17 standpoint that at the time we are promising open parens 17 example? . 18 in all sincerity let me emphasize close parens support to 18 A. That's true. 19 scientists slash agencies we publish a new bulletin 19 Q. And you stated that within that month of April, 20 promoting PCBs period. 20 1970, the upper brass had made a decision to stop selling 21 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) What does he mean by it would 21 PCB Aroclors, correct? 22 be inconsistent from an image standpoint? 22 A. Yes. 23 A. You would have to ask Dr. Paton what he meant. 23 Q. But, and that, in fact, the sales of such 24 Q. Did you talk to him about that? 24 Aroclors continued until August of 1970, correct? 25 A. No. 25 A. Yes. Page 29 - Page 32 WATER PCB-SD0000071939 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt! TM ____________________APRIL 29, 1998 Page 33 Page 35 1 Q. So the salesmen were using efforts to sell 1 Q. Okay. 2 Aroclor 1254 for five months after this bulletin, correct? 2 A. Those are my understandings. Now if you want to 3 MR. DIMURO: i'll object to the form. 3 know what Cumming Paton actually meant, you'll have to ask 4 A. I hesitate because a salesman who has a customer 4 him. 5 buying Aroclors for years is different from the salesman 5 Q. I will ask you though, in your opinion - strike 6 who goes out seeking a new customer for Aroclors or pcbs. 6 that. 7 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Are you aware of any document 7 Mr. Paton makes a statement that it would appear 8 where salesmen were told not to seek new customers for PCB 8 inconsistent from an image standpoint and we had talked 9 Aroclors? 9 about that a little bit earlier. Does it appear 10 A. No. That wouldn't be done normally. But there 10 inconsistent to you sitting here today that the company is 11 is a reference to salesmen who have been through training 11 pulling Aroclors from the market and at the same time 12 school were given handouts on Aroclors. Those handouts, 12 advising their sales force not to let that lack of 13 as I recall, were cautionary types of remarks about 13 O/pl-306 inhibit the sales efforts? 14 presence in the environment, unknown effects on the 14 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 15 environment, proper use of Aroclors. So these were not 15 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Doesn't that seem inconsistent 16 handouts to promote the expanded use of Aroclors. 16 to you? 17 Q. So your testimony that his statement that the 17 A. No. Because I see other Plasticizers in the 18 lack of O/pl-306 should not inhibit your sales or your 18 picture. 19 efforts is referring to non-PCB Aroclors? 19 Q. I understand. And I understand not every 20 MR. DIMURO: I'll object. That's not what he 20 Plasticizer has PCBs. 21 said. You can answer if you can. 21 A. That is correct. 22 A. The addressees of this memo are all marketing 22 Q. But in that picture, are, PCB Aroclors are 23 men who sold at that time or were involved in the sales at 23 Plasticizers, correct? 24 that time of the complete line of Monsanto's Plasticizers. 24 A. Some Aroclors are pcbs, and some of the 25 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Including Aroclor 1254? 25 applications were described as Plasticizers. So both of Page 34 Page 36 1 A. Which was just a fraction of the total. 1 those terms do apply. But - 2 Q. And also Aroclor 1260? 2 Q. You don't think it's inconsistent to continue 3 A. Yes. 3 the sale of Aroclors that are pcbs with the company's 4 Q. And the other Aroclors that were PCBs? 4 position that they were going to pull it from the market? 5 A. The whole line, that's correct, yeah. 5 MR. DIMURO: I'm going to object to the form. 6 Q. But my question is, and I just want to make sure 6 A. I don't read that in here anywhere, sir. 7 I understand this sentence. The, well let me ask you 7 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I'm ask asking you, I'm not 8 this: I just want to make sure I understood your earlier 8 referring to the document. I'm asking you. 9 testimony regarding this one sentence about when he says 9 A. That's what I thought we were talking about, f 10 the lack of O/PL-306 should not inhibit your sales or your 11 efforts. I want to focus on that sentence. 10 this document. ' , '? 11 Q. I'm asking generally. Don't you think it's 12 A. Yes. 12 inconsistent. And you said you don't think it's 13 Q. And as I understood your earlier testimony, and 13 inconsistent. And I'm asking you what, why is it not 14 correct me if I'm wrong, I thought you testified that that 14 inconsistent? 15 sentence was referring to sales efforts for non-PCB 15 A. Will you repeat your question again? I was 16 Aroclors? 16 looking at it from a different perspective. 17 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 17 Q. In April of 1970, the company had decided to 18 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Is that incorrect? 18 pull Aroclors from the market. Correct? 19 A. No. I understood that sentence to apply to the 19 A. The business directors had decided in April. 20 total efforts of this group of marketing people a fraction 20 And later on they passed that recommendation on to the top 21 of which included the PCB materials of concern at the 21 corporate management. 22 time. 22 Q. I understand. 23 Q. Okay. 23 A. And that decision, that was approved in May of 24 A. And itwas not intended to promote further use 24 1970. 25 or misuse, or I don't know how else to put it except that. 25 Q. Okay. And we have also established that the Page 33 - Page 36 WATER PCB-SD0000071940 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt!TM________ _________ APRIL 29, 1998 Page 37 1 Aroclors which contain PCBs were not pulled until August 1 Page 39 MR. TAYLOR: I'm going to mark this Papageorge 2 of 1970? 3 A. Correct. 2 24. This is a document that just has Plasticizer written 3 on top. It bears Bates MAE 059971-73. 4 Q. And my question is: Is it not inconsistent for 4 (Papageorge No. 24 was marked for identification 5 the top brass to make the decision to pull it from the 5 by the reporter.) 6 market in May and for the sales force, the marketing force 6 Q. (By Mr, Taylor) Mr. Papageorge, if you could 7 to continue to sell the product until August? Isn't that 7 just review that and tell me if you - 8 inconsistent? 8 MR. GINSBURG: What were the numbers again, 9 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. You can 9 please? 10 answer. 11 A. I think we're nitpicking the definition of 10 MR. DIMURO: 59971-73. 11 MR. GINSBURG: Thank you. 12 inconsistency here 13 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Why don't you tell me your 12 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) If you can tell me if you've 13 seen that document before. 14 version? 15 MR. DIMURO: Let him finish. 14 A. I have read the exhibit and although this 15 subject matter is, I'm familiar with the subject matter, I 16 A. In the real world, sir, you do not arbitrarily 16 do not recall this document at all. 17 withdraw a product from the marketplace leaving the 17 Q. Okay. Well, let's start with the second 18' customer in a position where he has no substitute 18 paragraph on the first page. It refers to a 1969, I'm 19 material. He can't make his products. So this is why the 19 quoting, exhaustive survey of our pcb customers was made 20 August date was picked, to give them a little lead time to 20 to determine exactly where these products were being 21 find alternate materials to inform their customers. What 21 used. Do you see that? 22 your question implies is that the minute the decision was 22 A. Yes. 23 made in May by next midnight, we stop. That is an 23 Q. In your position with Monsanto in the early 24 irresponsible action. 24 '70's, did you have an occasion to review the results of 25 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Okay. I'm not arguing with you 25 that survey? Page 38 1 whether it's irresponsible or responsible, but could that 2 have been done within the structure of Monsanto to stop it 1 2 A. No. Q. Were you aware of an exhaustive survey? Page 40 3 immediately when your top brass made the decision to pull 4 it from the market? 5 A. Could it have been done? It could, but it would 6 produce more problems than solutions to a problem. 7 Q. And the problems would be in the nature of angry 8 customers? 3 A. I was aware that had been made, yes, sir. 4 Q. And can you give me, tell me about that survey 5 and I'll follow up with some questions. Who made it? 6 When it was made? Things like that. 7 A. I don't know that I can give you too much of the 8 details. I was informed that the marketing teams in ' 9 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 10 A. No, sir. It would be irresponsible use of 11 PCBs. It would be the importation of PCBs from worldwide 12 producers. All kinds of problems. 13 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I understand. In the last 14 sentence on the first page he writes, we plan to issue a 15 much condensed bulletin giving the physical properties of 9 Monsanto had perused all the available records in which 10 they found names of customers, quantities of PCBs ' 11 purchased, and the types purchased. And an attempt was 12 made to establish the use of those PCBs, what the 13 application was. 14 Q. Well, who, do you know who directed that 15 survey? Let me start with this first: Who directed that 16 the various Aroclors without reference to applications. 16 survey be conducted or who ordered that survey? 17 Do you see that? 18 A. Yes. 19 Q. Why was the, why were the references to 20 applications to be taken out of the technical bulletin? 21 A. Well, since we knew that we were going to 22 discontinue selling to what we perceived to be open uses, 23 we were in no position to list applications which we 24 thought would be closed uses in the Plasticizer field. We 25 just didn't have any. 17 A. Well, the two directors of the business groups 18 involved were those who monitored and managed the study, 19 through their marketing directors. 20 Q. Okay. And why was that survey conducted? 21 A. I don't know. 22 Q. Was it part of the, part of the response to the 23 negative publicity that PCBs were getting 24 MR. DIMURO: Objection. 25 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) -- in the late '60's? Page 37 - Page 40 WATER PCB-SD0000071941 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt!TM _____________ APRIL 29, 1998 Page 41 Page 43 1 A. I don't know, sir. 1 (Papageorge No. 25 was marked for identification 2 Q. Well, did you ever see the results of the 2 by the reporter.) 3 survey? 3 A. I have scanned the document. 4 A. No. 4 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Do you recognize that 5 Q. Were you ever informed about the results of the 5 publication called "the Specialist?" 6 survey? 6 A. This is the first time I've seen it. 7 A. No. 7 Q. And how about the "technical service bulletin" 8 Q. Were, well you had talked in one of the earlier 8 which is attached to it? .. 9 documents, I believe it was Papageorge 22 which was that 9 A. I have never seen this before. 10 brief summary of the March 17, 1970 meeting on PCBs in 10 MR. DIMURO: Matt, just a question, the first 11 Minnesota -- 11 pages I have look exactly the same. 12 A. Yes, sir. 12 MR. TAYLOR: It must have been a copying error. 13 Q. -- about the uses of Aroclors? 13 MR. DIMURO: They both have the same Bates 14 A. Yes. 14 number too. 15 Q. And I was wondering if you received some of your 15 MR. TAYLOR: Yeah. . 16 information on the uses of Aroclors from that survey? 16 MR. DIMURO: You're not going to refer to if 17 A. I received some numbers from Monsanto's 17 there are differences in the document? Oh, the witness 18 accounting department. But I have no idea where those 18 has one with only one page. 19 individuals got their numbers. 19 MR. TAYLOR: Then that will be the official one. 20 Q. And then the bottom of that page, the first page 20 MR. DIMURO: Are you done with that one? 21 of Papageorge 24, it says surface coatings 57 percent. Do 21 MR. TAYLOR: lam. 22 you see that? 22 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I'm going to show you, we'll 23 A. Yes. 23 mark this Papageorge 26. And I ask you if you recognize 24 Q. Give me some examples of surface coatings. 24 this document. 25 A. Lacquers and varnishes. Specialty paints. 25 (Papageorge No. 26 was marked for identification Page 42 Page 44 1 Those are the only two that come to mind at the moment. 1 by the reporter.) 2 Q. And miscellaneous. Do you see miscellaneous 6 2 MR. TAYLOR: For the record, it's called 3 percent? 3 Literature Survey NCR Paper with Other Selected NCR 4 A. Yes. 4 Patents MAE 059918 through 26. 5 Q. Do you know what types of applications would 5 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 6 fall under that category? 6 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) And do you recognize it? 7 A. It's all the other sales. After subtracting the 7 A. I do not. I've never seen it before. 8 first three numbers, the 6 percent was referred to as 8 Q. Thanks. That's all. We're, I'm going to mark 9 miscellaneous. 9 as Papageorge 27 an excerpt from "Chemical Week"!January 4 10 Q. So you weren't aware what applications were 10 and February 15, 1964 bearing Bates MAE 059894. ' 11 used - 11 (Papageorge No. 27 wasmarked for identification 12 A. No. 12 by the reporter.) 13 Q.--from the PCBs? 13 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) I'm not going to ask you to 14 A. No. 14 read the article right now, Mr. Papageorge, but is this, 15 Q. Sir, I'm going to show you a document entitled 15 do you recognize this type of document? 16 "the Specialist" which has three pages attached to it 16 A. Recognize it in what way, sir? 17 entitled "technical service bulletin." And "the 17 Q. As something that would either appear in a 18 Specialist" that I'm going to show you is dated August 18 publication dealing with some of Monsanto's products. 19 28th, 1969 and the "technical service bulletin" behind it 19 A. Well being specific "Chemical Week?" 20 is dated June 24, 1968. And together, they're Bates 20 Q. Yeah. 21 stamped MAE 059911, and then 059911.01 through 03. 21 A. This is a publication dealing, of course, with 22 MS. KARLOVICH: Can you just repeat that last 22 the chemical industry and its products. 23 series of Bates? 23 Q. Is "Chemical Week" published by a third party or 24 MR. TAYLOR: Yeah. 059911.01, .02, .03. And I 24 is it published by Monsanto? 25 ask you if you can mark that. 25 A. No, it's a third party. Page 41 - Page 44 WATER PCB-SD0000071942 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt!TM ____________________ APRIL 29, 1998 Page 45 Page 47 1 Q. And was it common - strike that. 1 remember producing another newsletter on Aroclors? 2 Were you aware from time to time that they would 2 A. Correct. 3 run articles on a Monsanto product line? 3 Q. If you turn to Bates 059898 of that document, it 4 MR. DIMURO: i'll object to the form. 4 talks about other uses. Do you see that? 5 A. This is the first I've seen of any such 5 A. I do. 6 advertising or literature. 6 Q. And when they say only some of these uses are 7 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Just from looking at that, can 7 listed below -- strike that. 8 you tell if that is an advertisement or if this is an 8 Down at the bottom you'll see where it says, new 9 article? 9 uses for the various Aroclors are continually being 10 A. I cannot. It's the first I've ever seen it. I 10 developed. Who was developing those uses? 11 know nothing about this one. 11 A. Monsanto's research department was involved in 12 Q. And in your experience at Monsanto, were you 12 not only conducting their own studies, but also monitoring 13 ever aware of articles appearing or advertisements 13 what some of the customers, what activities might be 14 appearing on any of the Monsanto product lines in 14 taking place out in the market. 15 "Chemical Week?" 15 Q. And is it fair to say that Monsanto was 16 A. I have never personally seen such articles. 16 encouraging its customers in their own research efforts to 17 MR. TAYLOR: We'll mark this as Papageorge 28. 17 find uses for Aroclors? 18 (Papageorge No. 28 was marked for identification 18 A. Yes. 19 by the reporter.) 19 Q. Andit says,the last sentence there, that 20 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Sir, this is a document bearing 20 Aroclors has resulted in a widespread customer acceptance 21 Bates MAE 059895 through 059902. Do you recognize this 21 and limitless expansion of uses for them. Do you see 22 document? 22 that? 23 A. Yes, it appears to be a document that I was 23 A. Yes. 24 involved with. 24 Q. AndI want to focus on thewordlimitless. Why, 25 Q. Tell me what your involvement was with this 25 or what was your understanding of why the Aroclors had a 1 document. Page 46 ` 1 limitless potential for expansion? Page 48 2 A. I was the plant manager at the Monsanto plant in 2 A. In 1967, the Aroclors were perceived to be 3 Anniston, Alabama where a program for communicating with 3 chemicals with some unique and very attractive 4 our employees was instituted. And this document reflects 4 characteristics which included such properties as 5 the information, the handout prepared for the product line 5 unreactive, so they would not, so they were compatible 6 Monsanto referred to as Aroclors. 6 with many other materials. 7 Q. Okay. And it says on there, the first page, 7 The characteristic of fire resistance was a 8 dear fellow employees, it says that this is the first in a 8 veiy, very appealing characteristic for many applications 9 series of quarterly Anniston Plant newsletters that you 9 for which the presence of a flame would not be a serious 10 will be receiving during 1966. Do you see that? 10 matter because the minute that the PCBs were present, that 11 A. I do. 11 flame would not be propagated, would not extend any 12 Q. Do you remember additional newsletters going 12 further. 13 out? 13 There were other characteristics that did appeal 14 A. For other product lines, yes. 14 to the customers. And it depended really on each 15 Q. What about Aroclors? 15 customer's perspective and needs. The fact that these 16 A. There was only one bulletin during that year of 16 Aroclors were available either in a solid or a liquid and 17 Aroclors. This covered it. 17 the liquids could be very viscous or very thin, free 18 Q. Were there other in subsequent years? Do you 18 flowing. The physical properties were appealing. 19 remember other newsletters on Aroclors? 19 So with those kinds of properties, it just 20 A. No. 20 appeared that there could well be many, many applications 21 Q. You don't. Is that you don't remember or that 21 that had yet to be tried. 22 there were none? 22 Q. Well you had talked about fire resistance. Is 23 A. There were none while I was there. I don't know 23 your understanding that, is there any distinction in your 24 what my successor did. 24 mind between fire resistance and fire retardance as a 25 Q. So in 1967, for example, '68 and '69, you don't 25 benefit of the Aroclor pcb products? Page 45 - Page 48 WATER PCB-SD0000071943 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGECondenselt! TMAPRIL 29, 1998 Page 49 Page 51 1 A. In my mind, they are almost synonymous. 1 MR. TAYLOR: MAE 059907-08. 2 Q. And I just want to go down a couple of the uses 2 MR. GINSBURG:' Thank you. 3 that are in your bulletin, or the newsletter rather. That 3 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) And Page 50 of that document is 4 it was recommended to be used in dental castings; is thal 4 on the next page. We only have page 50. Do you remember 5 correct? 5 the issue of, that the Aroclor resins had low vaporization 6 MR. DIMURO: I'm going to object to the form. 6 losses? Do you remember that, some issue? 7 Where is that? 7 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form. 8 A. I see it, yes, sir. 8 A. Yeah, that is a well known property of Aroclors. 9 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Is that correct? 9 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) But that is not a form or a 10 A. Yes. 10 document that you remember seeing before? 11 Q. Okay. And that it was recommended as a vapor 11 A. I have not seen it before. 12 suppressant to increase the kill life of insecticides? 12 MR. TAYLOR: Let me just check my notes. I 13 MR. DIMURO: I'll object to the form again. 13 think that's all I have. I just have one more document. 14 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) Do you see that? It's right 14 I want to look at. That's all I have. 15 above that one. 15 MR. DIMURO: Gary? 16 A. Oh, yes. That was the common understanding in 16 MR. GINSBURG: I have nothing. 17 '67. It had the approval of the U.S. Department of 17 MR. DIMURO: Susan? 18 Agriculture. 18 MS. KARLOVICH: No questions. 19 Q. And as castings for costume jewelry as well, 19 20 correct? 20 21 A. Correct. 21 22 Q. And what were the, what would the application, 22 23 well what is a casting, a dental casting? 23 24 A. Of course, I'm not an expert in the field. It 24 25 has to do with a process in which a mold is formed and 25 Page 50 1 that mold, whether it be a metal or clay or some other 2 substance, is filled with a material that's an awful lot 3 like wax. And the process, by the way, is called a lost 4 wax process. 5 The wax casting is then placed inside an outer 6 form, is melted, and the final material is injected into 7 that void space like the material used to make the 1 NOTARIAL CERTIFICATE 2 STATE OF MISSOURI ) 3 CITY OF ST. LOUIS ) 4 5 I, Taminie A. St. Arbor, Certified Shorthand Reporter and a duly commissioned Notary Public within and for the 6 States of Missouri and Illinois, do hereby certify that there came before me at the offices of Taylor * Schroeder 7 Reporting & Video, 7494 Ethel Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63117, ' 8 jewelry, for example, or the, the dental bridge work, or 9 what have you. I know I didn't describe that too well, 10 but the 11 Q. I got the idea. 12 A. The idea is to start with a wax and the PCBs 13 were part of that wax formulation. 14 Q. I understand. I'll show you, and I think this 15 is the last one. There's one more. We'll mark this No. 16 29. Papageorge 29. 17 (Papageorge No. 29 was marked for identification 18 by the reporter.) 19 Q. (By Mr. Taylor) If you could just review that. 20 A. I have reviewed the exhibit. 21 Q. Do you remember seeing, well, do you recognize WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE, 9 who was by me first duly sworn to tell the truth and 10 nothing but the truth of all the knowledge touching and concerning the matters in controversy in this cause; that 11 the witness was thereupon carefully examined under oath and said examination was reduced to writing by me; and 12 that this deposition is a true and correct record of the testimony given by the witness. 13 I further certify that I am neither attorney nor 14 counsel for nor related nor employed by any of the parties to the action in which this deposition is taken; further 15 that I am not a relative or employee of any attorney or counsel employed by the parties hereto or financially 16 interested in this action. 17 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 11th day of May, 1998. 18 19 20 Tammie A. St. Arbor, CSR 21 22 22 this "Products 1961" document? 23 23 A. I do not. 24 24 MR. GINSBURG: I'm sorry. Do we have a Bates 25 25 number? * 1 Page 52 _, jS r ` j Page 49 - Page 52 WATER PCB-SD0000071944 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE Condenselt! TM Page 53 I STATE OF MISSOURI 1 ^ 2 CITY OF ST. LOUIS ) 3 4 5 I, william papageorge, do hereby certify: 6 That I have read the foregoing deposition; 7 That I have made such changes in form and/or 8 substance to the within deposition as might be necessary 9 to render the same true and correct; 10 That having made such changes thereon, I hereby 11 subscribe my name to the deposition. 12 I declare under penalty of perjury that the 13 foregoing is true and correct. 14 15 Executed this day of , 16 19 , at . 17 18 19 20 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE 21 22 My Commission Expires: ______________ 23 Notary Public: ___________________ 24 Signature Page to Mr. DiMuro _____ 25 Witness Letter Sent to ________ 1 Taylor * Schroeder Reporting & Video 2 7494 Ethel Avenue St. Louis, Missouri 63117 3 Phone (314) 644-2191 4 5 May 11, 1998 6 7 Mr. William Papageorge 321 Pebble Valley 8 St. Louis, Missouri 63141 9 RE: Maertin, et al. Vs. Armstong, Monsanto & American Mineral Spirits 10 Dear Mr. Papageorge: 11 Please find enclosed a copy of your deposition taken on 12 April 29,1998 in the above-referenced case. Also enclosed is an original signature page and errata sheets. 13 Please read the copy of the transcript, indicate any 14 changes and/or corrections desired on the errata sheets, and sign the signature page before a notary public. Please return the errata sheets and notarized signature 16 page to my office at the above stated address within thirty days of the receipt of this letter and deposition. 17 Please do not hesitate to call me at 314/644-2191 with any 18 questions. 19 Sincerely, 20 21 Tammie A. St. Arbor, CSR 22 Enclosures 23 cc: Mr. Taylor Mr. DiMuro 24 Mr. Raditz Ms. Karlovich 25 File Page 54 APRIL 29, 1998 Page 53 - Page 54 WATER PCB-SD0000071945 DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE, 4/29/98 1 STATE OF MISSOURI ) 2 CITY OF ST. LOUIS 3 4 5 I, WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE, do hereby certify: 6 That I have read the foregoing deposition; 7 That I have made such changes in form and/or 8 substance to the within deposition as might be necessary 9 to render the same true and correct; 10 That having made such changes thereon, I hereby 11 subscribe my name to the deposition. 12 I declare under penalty of perjury that the 13 foregoing is true and correct. 14 15 Executed this____ SU 16 19 . at day of. V\A< (Ctxi/. Vico 17 18 19 20 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE 21 22 My Commission Expires: (? -o o JEAN M. FUCHS NOTARY PUBLIC--STATE OF MISSOURI MY COIvInIsSION^XFIR?^^ 23 Notary Public: 24 Signature Page to Mr. DiMur 25 Witness Letter Sent to >/ln k WATER PCB-SD0000071946 , 7494 Ethel Avenue St. Loui, MO 63117 I (314)644-2191 800-280-DEPO ! (314)644-1334 Fax TAYJLOR& ASSOCIA1ES REPORTING, INC. d/tVa TAYLOR * SCHROEDER REPORTING & VIDEO Witness Errata Sheet Witness Name: W11f< 4 rY) fcj p d [ tf-D SCf C--- Case Name: filler hr) f .. Date Taken: ____ /+- (Dr ( I a L l/fj D-rm 6^drtf); W)crrt5tinlt>j /Irrrcrr (^ 2-*?. 07 t rl <?('''/ / cl R_______________ )*t 3 Page # 7 Should Read: Reason for Change: } n oT Inric'C'CJd^ a 6 ^ e, ph+kg \IC 'eDp<'ll\vu>j Page # JZ. Line # / t) Should Read: B o~f Reason for Change: ph4-ka f t c g'5^^6 <g? p- - I 55 1 pi- 4-t? Cq u 612"SjoelltMCj Page # Line# Should Read: ____ Reason for Cliange: Page # Line # Should Read: ____ Reason for Change: Page# ' Line # Should Read: ____ Reason for Cliange: Page # Line # Should Read: ____________________ Reason for Cliange: _______________ Witness: _____ Li/ . Miimfhirs: National < 'oui l iti'/x/r tors Association Missouri Court Reporters Association * DlTONKV WATER PCB-SD0000071947 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE '60's [l]40:25 '67 [l] 49:17 '68 [i] 46:25 '69 [1] 46:25 '70 [2] 23:23 '70's [l]39:24 23:24 1969 [2] 39:18 1970 [i9] 12:2 14:14 18:7 23:18 32:20 36:24 12:8 15:19 22:12 25:18 32:24 37:2 1997 [l] 5:2 1998 [4] 2:12 54:5 54:12 42:19 11:21 13:13 18:3 23:13 26:18 36:17 41:10 52:17 .02 [i] 42:24 .03 [l] 42:24 -0- 02849 [i] 2:4 03 [i] 42:21 054389-90 [i] 1:10 059894 [2] 44:10 1:12 059895 [i] 45:21 059895-02m 1:13 059898 [i] 47:3 059902 m 45:21 059907-08 p] 1:14 51:1 059911m 42:21 059911.01m 42:21 42:24 059918 m 44:4 059918-36m 1:11 059941-45(2] 1:6 12:3 059946-47(2] 1:7 14:15 059971-73m 1:8 39:3 07101m 3:14 07102 m 3:17 08054 [i] 3:6 -1- 101 [l] 3:5 11(2] 1:6 llthm 52:17 1254(3] 32:16 33:25 1260[i] 34:2 14[i] 1:7 15(1] 44:10 17(3] 11:21 41:10 17th [i] 12:2 19[i] 53:16 19103m 1961 [2] 1:14 1964 [i] 44:10 1966 [l] 46:10 1967 [2] 46:25 1968(1] 42:20 54:5 33:2 12:8 3:10 50:22 48:2 -2- 22 [4] 1:6 11:10 41:9 23 [4] 1:7 14:16 17:14 24 [6] 1:8 39:2 39:4 42:20 25 m 1:9 26 [4] 1:11 43:25 44:4 27 p] 1:12 44:11 28 [3] 1:13 45:18 28th [l] 42:19 29 [5] 1:14 50:16 50:17 29th [i] 2:12 11:9 14:14 17:13 41:21 43:1 43:23 44:9 45:17 50:16 54:12 -3- 3 [4] 12:15 14:14 17:14 23:13 3/17/70 [i] 1:6 3000 [i] 3:5 306 [8] 18:4 20:11 22:2 23:4 32:8 19:3 22:24 32:12 314 [i] 54:3 314/644-2191 [1] 54:17 321 [i] 54:7 39 [i] 1:8 3rd p] 18:3 18:7 -4- 4 [2] 1:3 4/3/70 [i] 43 [i] 1:10 44 [2] 1:11 45 [i] 1:13 44:9 1:7 1:12 -5- 50 [3] 1:14 51:4 57 [i] 41:21 59971-73 [i] 51:3 39:10 -6- Condenselt! TM 6 [2] 42:2 63117m 54:2 63141 [i] 644-2191 [i] 42:8 52:7 54:8 54:3 7494 [3] 2:15 52:7 54:2 8- - 8/28/69 [i] 1:9 -A- ability[i] 25:13 able [2] 25:15 27:8 above [2] 54:16 49:15 above-referenced [i] 54:12 Absolutely [i] 28:5 acceptance [i] 47:20 according [i] 27:7 accounting [i] 41:18 a--c'h-iie--v--e--m-- 25:20 achieved [i] 25:16 action [4] 2:4 37:24 52:14 52:16 activities [i] 47:13 activity [i] 26:2 ` ` 19:23 5:12 46:12 11:14 iddress [2] 54:16 18:9 addressees [i] 33:22 idvertisemenl 45:8 idvertisemenl 45:13 35:12 2:14 4:4 4:9 19:6 20:13 20:14 26:7 29:18 36:15 39:8 49:13 age [i] 4:20 agencies m 30:3 30:9 30:19 aggravating m 8:22 ago [i] 6:24 agreed [2] 26:10 4:1 agreement [7] 4:12 15:7 15:10 15:14 15:16 15:18 16:5 10:1 al [3] 2:4 54:9 2:22 Alabama m 46:3 allegations m 29:8 alleged m 28:8 allegedly m 27:10 28:7 almost [2] 49:1 25:17 along [i] 4:16 alternate [i] 37:21 alternative [i] 24:17 always [2] 17:10 8:24 American [4] 2:8 2:24 3:15 54:9 amount [2] 8:23 8:3 AMSCOp] 15:11 16:13 16:14 16:18 16:25 17:5 15:7 16:13 16:23 analysis [i] 25:10 analytical p] 24:11 24:12 25:14 angry [i] 38:7 Anniston [4] 1:13 5:14 46:3 46:9 answer [7] 4:11 7:8 16:20 19:7 28:25 33:21 37:10 appeal [i] 48:13 appealing [2] 48:8 48:18 appear [5] 30:16 35:7 44:17 30:7 35:9 appeared [2] 27:16 48:20 appearing [2] 45:13 45:14 application [3] 19:22 40:13 49:22 applications [13] 13:20 14:11 18:22 19:12 21:24 35:25 38:16 38:20 38:23 42:5 42:10 48:8 48:20 apply [2] 36:1 34:19 approval [3] 23:16 23:19 49:17 approved m 36:23 April [i3] 14:14 17:14 18:7 23:13 23:24 26:18 36:17 36:19 2:12 18:3 23:23 32:19 54:12 apt [2] 7:15 7:17 arbitrarily [i] 37:16 Arbor [5] 4:4 52:5 54:21 2:16 52:20 area [4] 9:1 10:23 '60's - away APRIL 29, 1998 13:8 16:10 areas [i] 13:10 arguing [i] 37:25 Armstong [i] Armstrong ri 2:22 3:7 5:3 5:3 Aroclor [12] 19:5 23:25 32:5 32:8 33:2 33:25 48:25 51:5 54:9 2:6 4:21 9:6 24:5 32:16 34:2 Aroclors [4o] 12:20 12:23 17:22 26:20 32:13 32:21 33:5 33:6 33:12 33:15 33:19 34:4 35:11- 35:22 36:3 36:18 38:16 41:13 46:6 46:15 46:19 47:1 47:17 47:20 48:2 48:16 10:25 13:5 32:3 32:24 33:9 33:16 34:16 35:24 37:1 41:16 46:17 47:9 47:25 51:8 article [2] 45:9 44:14 articles [3] 45:3 45:13 45:16 assigned [2] 17:11 16:10 association [i] 17:3 assuming [i] 31:16 Atrium [2] 3:5 3:5 attached [3] 42:16 43:8 1:16 attempt [i] 40:11 attention [i] 9:20 attorney [2] 52:15 ' 52:13 attractive [i] 48:3 August [6] 23:17 32:24 37:1 37:7 37:20 42:18 f ' authority [i] ` 23:16 availabilitypi 17:21 21:20 available [3] 31:18 40:9 48:16 Avenue [3] 2:15 52:7 54:2 aware [26] 15:8 15:10 15:16 15:18 16:12 16:16 16:22 17:4 ' 17:24 18:4 18:11 18:18 18:21 19:2 19:16 20:3 21:4 27:7 27:17 29:8 33:7 40:2 40:3 42:10 45:2 45:13 awareness [2] 19:11 28:3 away [i] 8:25 Index Page 1 WATER PCB-SD0000071948 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE awful [i] 50:2 -- background [i] 13:11 basis [3] 5:25 11:4 12:24 Bates [19] 1:7 1:8 1:11 1:12 1:14 11:25 14:15 39:3 42:23 43:13 45:21 47:3 1:6 1:10 1:13 12:2 42:20 44:10 50:24 beach [i] 28:19 bearing [3] 12:2 44:10 45:20 bears p] 39:3 14:15 become p] 27:17 27:7 behalf p] 5:2 4:20 behavior [i] 10:7 behind [i] 42:19 beings [3] 29:12 29:17 29:24 below [i] 47:7 benefit [i] 48:25 Berkley [i] 27:19 bestp] 15:19 between pj 4:1 9:6 15:11 15:15 48:24 2:12 15:7 17:5 beyond [i] 10:2 big [i] 14:9 biggest [i] 13:25 Biphenol [i] 28:2 Biphenyl [i] 28:1 bit [i] 35:9 body [3] 14:24 21:4 29:9 boiling [i] 8:12 bottom p] 47:8 41:20 bow p] 23:13 27:4 bowing [i] 23:6 brass [3] 32:20 37:5 38:3 breathing p] 8:15 9:14 bridge [i] 50:8 brief p] 12:1 41:10 bring [i] 21:19 broad [i] 13:19 brought p] 18:2 13:23 bulletin [34] 17:25 18:4 18:11 18:18 19:3 19:8 19:10 19:14 19:23 20:11 17:21 18:8 18:22 19:9 19:16 20:17 21:21 22:24 30:19 32:12 38:20 43:7 21:22 23:4 32:7 33:2 42:17 46:16 bulletins [S] 18:17 19:3 20:5 burning [i] business p] 23:13 23:14 25:14 36:19 buyp] 6:11 buying [i] 22:16 30:10 32:8 38:15 42:19 49:3 18:14 19:21 10:10 23:7 24:5 40:17 33:5 -C- C[1] 3:1 California p] 27:23 Canadian [i] 27:19 22:5 cannot [i] 45:10 carep] 16:9 careful [i] 31:7 carefully [i] 52:11 case p] 19:3 54:12 casting pj 49:23 50:5 castings pj 49:19 category [i] 49:23 49:4 42:6 caulking [i] 14:4 caulkings [i] caused p] 5:21. cautionary [i] 23:9 5:16 33:13 cautioning [i] 31:6 CC [l] 54:23 Center p] 3:17 certain p] 6:7 13:22 19:12 28:1 3:13 2:18 16:8 29:14 certainly [i] 20:3 CERTIFICATE [i] 52:1 Certified pj 52:5 certify p] 52:13 53:5 2:16 52:6 chance [i] 18:16 changes pi 53:10 54:14 chapped [i] 53:7 7:17 characteristic P] 48:7 48:8 characteristics p] 48:4 48:13 check [i] 51:12 chemical pj 8:13 8:25 44:9 44:19 44:23 45:15 1:12 29:2 44:22 Condenselt!TM chemicals [5] 5:24 6:4 8:2 24:17 48:3 chest [i] 9:16 chloracne [i] 10:2 chlorinated p] 14:2 23:8 24:16 chlorine [i] 7:10 Christopher [i] 3:12 circumstances [i] 20:15 CITY p] 53:2 52:3 Civil [i] 2:4 Cl[i] 14:2 clarification [i] 6:14 clayp] 50:1 close [i] 30:18 closed [i] 38:24 coast [i] 27:18 coatings [4] 14:6 14:11 41:21 41:24 cold[i] 9:16 coming [i] 27:15 Commission [i] 53:22 commissioned [i] 52:5 committee p] 11:21 23:20 common p] 49:16 45:1 communicating [i] 46:3 community [i] 28:17 company [8] 2:9 2:24 3:11 3:15 36:17 2:8 2:24 35:10 company's [i] 36:3 compared [i] 26:13 compatible [i] 48:5 complains [i] 9:15 complete [i] 33:24 components [i] 19:24 concern p] 10:13 28:15 34:21 concerned [i] 28:22 concerning [i] 52:10 concerns p] 9:5 9:9 concerted [i] 24:14 condensed [i] 38:15 conduct [i] 26:14 conducted p] 40:16 40:20 conducting [i] 47:12 confidence pj 24:13 25:7 25:8 25:16 25:20 confidential m 17:15 confirm [i] 26:21 confused [i] 28:8 confusing [i] 27:24 connection [4] 7:5 7:20 8:7 9:17 considered [4] 7:9 7:24 23:20 28:16 considering [i] 23:1 contain pj 37:1 32:4 containing [i] 9:7 content [i] 7:10 continual [i] 7:2 continually pj 47:9 continue p] 36:2 37:7 12:5 continued pj 9:25 10:2 32:24 ' continuing p] 11:15 controversy p] 52:10 conventions [i] 16:17 conversation p] 22:17 conversations p] 22:23 cooperating [i] 30:2 copy pj 54:11 54:13 copying [i] 43:12 corep] 22:3 Corkp] 5:4 corporate pj 36:21 correct p3] 12:24 26:23 32:4 32:13 32:24 33:2 34:14 35:21 36:18 37:3 49:5 49:9 49:21 52:12 53:13, 10:7 29:17 32:21 34:5 35:23 47:2 49:20 53:9 corrections pj 54:14 costume p] 49:19 cough [j] 9:21 Council [4] 20:24 20:25 21:3 21:5, counsel [4] 4:2 4:2 52:14 52:15 couple [i] 49:2 course pj 15:24 18:2 27:17 44:21 13:17 19:20 49:24 Court p] 2:19 2:1 cover [i] 13:8 covered p] 46:17 24:24 covers p] 17:21 create p] 8:15 8:12 CSR[3] 4:4 54:21 52:20 Cumming pj 14:14 awful - deposes APRIL 29, 1998 30:1 35:3 current [2] 23:4 19:10 customer p] 20:16 24:18 33:4 33:6 37:18 47:20 customer's p] 48:15 customers p6] 6:10 13:22 13:22 16:2 17:11 18:19 18:21 19:2 19:10 19:16 19:20 20:4 20:10 22:4 22:5 22:14 25:2 37:21 40:10 48:14 28:17 38:8 47:13 33:8 39:19 47:16 customers' p] 25:3 cutp] 10:5 cyanide p] 9:2 -D- damage p] 10:3 date pj 11:9 12:14 13:24 21:20 23:21 37:20 11:15 18:2 27:14 dated pj 42:20 42:18 dayspj 54:16 dealing pj 8:8 44:18 44:21' deals [i] 32:12 dealt [i] 16:1 dear p] 46:8 54:10 decades p] 6:24 decided pj 36:19 36:17 decision p3] 23:6 23:12 23:24 26:20 27:1 32:20 37:5 37:22 23:3 23:14 26:25 36:23 38:3 declare p] 53:12 Defendant p].f 3:1'l 3:15' ' Defendant/Third-Party [3] 2:23 3:7 4:21 Defendants pj 2:25 4:2 definition pj 37:11 degree p] 25:20 25:16 delayed p] 26:25 26:21 demonstrate p] 24:14 dental [3] 49:4 49:23 50:8 department [5] 11:4 17:1 41:18 47:11 49:17 depended p] 48:14 deposes p] 4:22 Index Page 2 WATER PCB-SD0000071949 William papageorge deposition [16] 2:11 4:3 4:15 5:1 5:4 6:6 6:17 11:13 11:16 52:12 52:14 53:6 53:8 53:11 54:11 54:16 describe [i] 50:9 described p] 20:18 35:25 DESCRIPTION [i] 1:5 desired [i] 54:14 detail p] 13:23 details p] 5:18 22:23 40:8 detectable [i] 7:14 determine pj 25:7 39:20 developed [i] 47:10 developing [i] 47:10 developments [i] 18:16 Dicker [i] 3:16 die [l] 9:3 difference pj 9:5 9:10 differences [3] 9:9 26:12 43:17 different p] 33:5 36:16 differently [i] 8:24 DiMuro[SX] 4:7 6:14 7:21 8:1 12:25 15:12 18:23 19:6 20:6 20:12 22:6 24:20 25:25 26:7 27:12 28:24 29:18 30:11 31:15 33:3 34:17 35:14 37:9 37:15 39:10 40:24 43:13 43:16 45:4 49:6 51:7 51:15 53:24 54:23 3:12 7:7 8:18 16:19 19:19 21:1 24:23 26:24 29:10 30:15 33:20 36:5 38:9 43:10 43:20 49:13 51:17 directed pi 40:15 40:14 director p] 15:20 12:10 directors [3] 36:19 40:17 40:19 disciplines [i] 13:9 discontinuance [i] 23:1 discontinue [i] 38:22 discredit [i] 26:22 discrediting [i] 25:22 discuss [i] 26:11 discussion p] 12:6 23:5 disprovenp] 27:15 disregard [i] 9:25 distinction [i] 48:23 distributed [i] 18:19 distribution [3] 15:14 16:5 16:7 distributors p] 15:25 17:10 distributorship pi 15:7 15:15 distributorships [i] 16:10 District [4] 2:1 2:1 2:19 2:19 document ps] 12:16 14:1 15:17 21:14 33:7 36:8 39:2 39:13 42:15 43:3 43:24 44:15 45:22 45:23 46:4 47:3 51:3 51:10 11:24 14:13 31:5 36:10 39:16 43:17 45:20 46:1 50:22 51:13 documents p] 4:13 4:16 11:12 11:14 41:9 Doesn' t[i] 35:15 done p] 20:15 24:20 24:23 33:10 38:2 38:5 43:20 DOP [14] 4:16 5:9 6:2 6:11 7:5 7:20 8:16 10:14 10:19 4:11 5:21 6:21 8:6 10:16 DOPs [i] 11:6 down p] 26:11 47:8 49:2 dozens [i] 18:14 Drp] 12:11 17:18 21:17 22:14 27:22 30:23 31:24 drastically p] 22:2 22:2 22:10 Duane i 3:9 Duluth [2] 26:13 12:7 duly p] 52:5 52:9 during]PI 5:4 17:25 26:17 46:10 46:16 -E- Ep] 3:1 early p] 9:13 9:23 9:25 15:19 25:18 easily [i] Edelman [i] effect p] 11:6 29:16 effecting [i] effects [] 5:20 10:18 3:1 9:19 13:13 39:23 25:16 3:16 7:18 28:7 5:15 11:5 Condenselt! TM 29:5 29:17 29:25 33:14 effort p] 25:18 24:14 efforts [12] 31:16 31:19 32:10 33:1 34:11 34:15 35:13 47:16 31:12 32:3 33:19 34:20 eight [i] 2:13 either pj 48:16 44:17 elaborate [i] 25:8 Elser[i]3:16 emphasize p] 30:14 30:18 employed pj 52:14 52:15 employee [i] 52:15 employees pj 5:15 5:19 5:24 6:10 16:17 46:4 46:8 enclosed pj 54:11 54:12 Enclosures [ij 54:22 encouraging [i] 47:16 end p] 16:9 19:24 entered [i] 25:14 entities pj 26:10 16:7 entitled p] 42:17 42:15 entry [i] 27:5 environment ps] 12:13 13:16 22:13 24:15 25:1 27:5 27:11 28:7 28:9 28:15 29:5 29:6 29:16 33:14 33:15 environmental [i] 13:10 errata pj 54:12 54:14 54:15 error [i] 43:12 Esq [4] 3:4 3:9 3:12 3:16 establish [i] 40:12 established [i] 36:25 Estate p] 2:20 2:3 esters [4] 7:11 7:15 32:5 32:6 et p] 2:4 54:9 2:22 Ethel p] 2:15 52:7 54:2 evaluation [i] 29:1 everybody [i] 4:8 evidence p] 27:2 27:3 28:13 evolving p] 27:14 18:15 exact p] 14:8 16:1 exactly [3] 24:24 39:20 43:11 examination p] 4:23 52:11 examined p] 2:12 4:20 52:11 example [io] 10:11 10:23 13:14 14:6 32:17 46:25 9:13 13:11 26:12 50:8 examples pj 10:6 41:24 except [i] 34:25 excerpt [i] 44:9 excessive [i] 9:11 excessively [i] 9:14 Executed [i] 53:15 Executrix p] 2:2 2:20 exhaustive p] 39:19 40:2 exhibit p] 11:19 14:21 39:14 44:5 50:20 Exhibits pj 1:16 1:4 expanded [i] 33:16 expansion p] 47:21 48:1 experience p] 25:11 45:12 experienced [ij 11:7 expert [i] 49:24 Expires [i] 53:22 exposed p) 8:4 9:4 5:25 exposure [12] 8:3 8:3 9:13 9:24 10:2 10:14 10:22 s 11:5 5:21 9:11 10:1 10:20 expression p] 18:25 28:18 expressly [i] 4:6 extend [i] 48:11 extensive p] 12:23 13:1 extent p] 17:2 eyesp] 9:20 -F- facility [i] fact p] 20:23 32:15 32:23 fairp] 47:15 fall p] 9:3 familiar pj 39:15 fast [i] 18:15 February pj 44:10 Federal [i] 16:8 25:24 48:15 42:6 21:2 22:12 12:7 deposition - free APRIL 29, 1998 feed pi 29:13 fell [i] 14:11 fellow [i] field pj 13:11 13:15 38:24 46:8 13:12 49:24 File [i] 54:25 filled [i] 50:2 final pi 23:16 50:6 finally [i] 23:6 financially p] .52:15 finding p] 22:13 findings p] 12:14 finish pj 37:15 10:4 finished p] 11:18 14:20 14:21 24:22 fire p] 24:25 48:22 - 48:24 first [23] 4:15 6:22 10:21 18:6 21:7 25:4 27:7 38:14 39:18 41:20 42:8 43:10 45:5 46:7 46:8 five p] 14:10 flame pj 48:9 48:11 flowing [i] 48:7 48:24 5:1 11:16 22:1 29:7 40:15 43:6 45:10 52:9 33:2 20:2 48:18 focus [3] 6:9 34:11 47:24 focused [i] 29:16 follow PI 40:5 force p] 35:12 37:6 25:5 37:6 foregoing pi 53:13 forenoon pj 53:6 2:13 forgot [i] 24:24 form p2] 7:7 8:1 8:18 12:25 15:12 16:19 118:23 19:6 19:19 20:6 20:12 21:1 , 25:25 26:7 26:24 27:12 28:24 29:10 29:18 33:3 34:17 35:14 36:5 37:9 38:9 45:4 49:6 49:13 50:6 51:7 51:9 53:7 formed [i] 49:25 formulate p] 18:22 18:25 formulation pj 19:17 50:13 found [i] 40:10 four [1] 6:24 fraction p] 34:20 frame p] 34:1 17:25 free[i] 48:17 Index Page 3 WATER PCB-SD0000071950 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE front [i] 17:14 fume p] 8:12 fumes [i] function [i] 8:13 9:14 8:21 -G- Gary [3] 3:4 51:15 3:4 Gateway [i] 3:17 geared [i] 25:22 general p] 7:6 8:6 13:21 generally [3] 5:13 9:5 36:11 gentleman [i] 14:25 geographic [i] 16:9 Ginsbuxg p] 3:4 39:8 50:24 51:2 3:4 39:11 51:16 gist [i] 7:2 given p] 6:9 33:12 52:12 giving [i] 38:15 goes [2] 24:3 33:6 gonep] 12:22 13:4 13:5 good [2] 13:18 27:4 gravity p] 20:1 group [2] 34:20 15:20 groups [2] 40:17 23:15 guidance [2] 19:4 19:4 guideline [i] 14:9 -H- hand[i] 52:17 handle [i] handling pj 6:11 6:21 8:9 8:10 handout [i] handouts p] 33:12 33:16 hands p] 7:17 28:14 harmp] 7:14 28:20 larmful [4] 27:10 29:9 leading pj 21:7 21:9 lealth [2] 9:12 ieat[i] 8:11 leating [i] Heckscher[ij leldpj 12:6 ielp [2] 20:5 lereby [4] 52:6 53:5 8:8 6:7 7:4 46:5 33:12 7:17 7:14 27:10 29:24 12:16 5:15 9:6 3:9 29:11 4:1 53:10 hereto [i] hereunto [i] hesitate pj 33:4 54:17 highp] 18:8 25:16 higher [2] 24:15 highly [i] himself [i] historical pj 12:24 13:2 hold[i] 20:18 hot [2] 9:14 hours [i] human [4] 29:12 29:17 hundred [i] 52:15 52:17 27:13 24:13 8:21 25:10 9:22 12:23 10:22 2:12 29:9 29:24 27:3 -I- ideap] 41:18 50:11 50:12 identification [8] 11:10 14:16 39:4 43:1 43:25 44:11 45:18 50:17 II [l] 3:5 ill [4] 5:20 11:5 29:4 10:18 Illinois [2] 52:6 2:18 image [4] 30:8 30:16 30:22 35:8 immediate [i] 27:5 immediately [i] 38:3 implies [i] 37:22 implying pj 31:17 31:20 importation [i] 38:11 improper [i] 17:6 Improved [i] 24:11 inactive [i] 28:18 Inc [2] 2:6 2:23 included [4] 17:2 22:15 34:21 48:4 Including [i] 33:25 inconsistency [2] 31:9 37:12 inconsistent [i3] 30:7 30:16 30:22 31:14 35:8 35:10 35:15 36:2 36:12 36:13 36:14 37:4 37:8 incorrect p] 26:6 34:18 increase [i] 49:12 INDEX p] 1:4 1:1 indicate [i] 54:13 indicated [i] 9:24 indications [i] 28:22 Condenselt! TM individual pj 5:25 11:4 11:4 15:23 16:1 17:8 17:9 individually p] 2:3 2:21 individuals p] 12:12 17:12 41:19 industrial pj 5:24 29:2 Industries [5] 2:6 2:23 3:8 4:22 5:3 industry [i] 44:22 infop] 1:8 inform p] 37:21 16:3 information pi] 13:8 21:8 21:9 21:25 22:12 22:15 27:7 27:14 29:15 41:16 46:5 informed pj 40:8 41:5 inhibit [5] 31:11 32:3 33:18 34:10 35:13 initial p] 27:23 11:13 injected p] 50:6 innoxious p] 7:11 inquired p] 5:13 inquiry p] 4:15 insecticides p] 49:12 inside til 50:5 instituted p] 46:4 instructing p] 8:7 instructions p] 6:6 6:9 6:12 6:21 7:2 7:4 7:6 intended p] 34:24 13:7 intent p] 26:15 21:22 intentions p] 21:21 interest pj 30:3 12:12 interested p] 52:16 interwoven p] 23:3 introduce pj 13:9 invariably p] 25:13 involved p2] 13:17 15:24 17:1 23:5 26:1 33:23 45:24 47:11 8:14 16:7 23:15 40:18 involvement p] 5:9 6:17 45:25 irons p] 24:25 irresponsible pj 37:24 38:1 38:10 irritation p] 8:15 issue p] 8:16 13:10 18:15 18:15 38:14 51:5 51:6 front - Magistrate APRIL 29, 1998 issued p] 31:5 27:7 issues [i] itself p] 7:13 7:19 15:17 leaving pj 37:17 leftp] 30:11 13:6 30:13 -J- Jp] 12:16 J.D p] 14:25 January p] JBS p] 2:4 Jersey [5] 2:20 3:6 3:17 jewelry p] 50:8 JOAN [4] 2:3 2:20 Junep] 42:20 lends [i] 12:17 16:23 44:9 lessp] 7:15 letter [6] 22:6 22:11 31:6 54:16 letters p] 2:1 . 22:7 3:14 liaison p] 17:6 49:19 Liberty pj lifep] 49:12 2:2 2:21 light [i] 22:2 limit p] 6:22 limited p] 7:13 22:8 53:25 22:3 17:5 3:10 4:16 -K- limitless p] 47:21 47:24 48:1 Karlovich [6] 11:24 12:4 51:18 54:24 keepp] 18:15 keptpj 27:15 keyp] 13:22 kill [i] 49:12 kind [3] 13:23 29:13 kinds [4] 32:6 38:12 knew p] 38:21 knowledge [4] 8:6 11:3 3:16 42:22 25:1 23:5 20:2 . 48:19 27:4 6:20 52:10 line [5] 30:12 34:5 45:3 lined pj 29:13 lines p] 45:14 liquid [i] liquids p] list [5] 14:12 18:13 25:6 listed [i] literature pj 44:3 45:6 liver [i] 10:3 LLP [i] 3:9 located p] 33:24 46:5 46:14 48:16 48:17 18:9 38:23 47:7 1:11 24:12 known p] 9:10 11:2 51:8 lookp] 17:13 43:11 51:14 knows [i] 4:9 looked [i] 9:12 looking pj 7:10 -L- 11:24 ' 14:1 45:7 36:16 L-95-cv [i] 2:4 . losses p] 51:6 labeled p] 17:17 lost P] 50:3 laboratories p] 24:12 25:17 25:19 Lothar [2] 2:21 |S2:3' laboratory p] 12:7 12:11 20:21 25:12 25:14 Louis [6] ? 2:15 52:3 52:7 53:2 54:2 54:8 lack [4] 31:11 34:10 35:12 Lacquers p] 33:18 41:25 low [2] 18:13 51:5 lying p] 26:14 / f last [5] 6:17 42:22 47:19 late [i] 40:25 atest [i] Latham pj Laurel p] Lawp] 3:4 awful [i] 38:13 50:15 22:12 3:13 3:6 4:20 -M- Mp] 3:12 M-O-U-N-T [i] 12:11 MAE [8] 12:3 14:15 39:3 42:21 44:4 44:10 45:21 51:1 ead[4] 9:14 10:3 37:20 learning pj least pj 19:8 10:1 27:9 20:17 Maertin [7] 2:3 2:3 2:21 2:21 Magistrate pj 2:2 2:20 54:9 4:10 Index Page 4 WATER PCB-SD0000071951 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE mailed [i] 22:11 makes [2] 35:7 23:7 maleic [i] 32:5 managed [ij 40:18 management [2] 23:20 36:21 manager [i] 46:2 manufacture [i] 13:18 March [4] 11:21 12:2 12:8 41:10 mark [9] 11:8 14:13 39:1 43:23 44:8 50:15 11:15 42:25 45:17 marked m 14:16 39:4 43:25 44:11 50:17 11:10 43:1 45:18 market [io] 26:21 29:22 35:11 36:4 37:6 38:4 24:1 29:23 36:18 47:14 marketed [i] 13:15 marketing [ii] 13:12 13:15 15:20 15:24 17:1 17:12 33:22 34:20 37:6 40:8 40:19 marketplace [ij 37:17 matched [i] 26:10 material [7] 8:9 8:11 50:2 50:6 8:4 37:19 50:7 materials [6] 14:4 25:2 37:21 48:6 7:3 34:21 Matt [3] 4:25 6:14 43:10 matter [5j 8:2 24:12 39:15 39:15 48:10 matters [i] 52:10 Matthew [ij 3:9 may [12] 4:3 5:16 5:20 13:16 29:17 37:6 37:23 54:5 5:3 13:5 36:23 52:17 mean m 10:5 13:1 15:14 29:12 29:12 29:21 30:21 means [i] 22:10 meant [4] 21:13 30:23 31:1 35:3 media [2j 26:22 26:5 medical [2] 13:11 11:3 meetfi] 25:3 meeting p>] 6:1 11:20 11:23 12:2 26:12 41:10 1:6 11:21 12:9 meetings [i] 16:17 melted [i] 50:6 memo [4] 1:7 17:14 23:21 33:22 memorandum [6] 14:14 14:19 14:22 14:25 22:20 30:2 memorializing [i] 15:14 men[i] 33:23 mention [i] 14:10 mentioned pj 14:7 25:5 metal [i] 50:1 method [i] 8:3 methodology m 24:11 midnight [i] 37:23 might p] 53:8 47:13 mind [4] 21:17 42:1 48:24 49:1 mineral [5] 2:24 3:15 54:9 2:9 8:10 Minnesota p] 12:7 41:11 minute [4j 11:18 14:19 37:22 48:10 miscellaneous [3] 42:2 42:2 42:9 Missouri [8] 2:18 52:2 52:7 53:1 54:8 2:16 52:6 54:2 misuse [ii 34:25 MKD [i] 1:5 mold p] 49:25 50:1 moment [ij 42:1 monitored [i] 40:18 monitoring [i] 47:12 Monsanto [44] 2:8 2:24 3:11 4:10 4:14 6:10 13:6 15:7 15:11 16:12 16:16 17:4 17:6 19:4 20:19 20:24 21:5 22:12 22:25 23:16 26:4 26:8 26:13 27:4 27:6 27:17 28:4 28:14 28:16 28:23 29:1 31:18 32:16 38:2 39:23 40:9 44:24 45:3 45:12 45:14 46:2 46:6 47:15 54:9 Monsanto's [8] 17:12 19:8 19:11 25:2 33:24 41:17 44:18 47:11 month [i] 32:19 months [i] 33:2 Morris [i] 3:9 Moskowitz [ij 3:16 Condenselt! TM Mount [i] Ms [6] 3:16 12:4 42:22 54:24 Mt[i] 3:6 must [4] 22:2 22:9 43:12 12:11 11:24 51:18 22:2 -N- N [i] 3:1 name [5] 4:25 5:14 12:16 15:1 53:11 names [i] 40:10 narrow [i] 13:8 nature [3] 8:14 22:22 38:7 NCR [2] 44:3 44:3 necessary [i] 53:8 need p] 16:9 31:23 needs p] 24:18 25:3 48:15 negative [i] 40:23 neither [i] 52:13 never [6] 11:7 15:17 26:1 43:9 44:7 45:16 new [12] 2:1 3:6 3:14 18:16 21:22 30:19 33:6 47:8 2:19 3:17 30:9 33:8 Newark p] 3:13 3:14 3:17 news [i] 26:5 newsletter p) 1:13 47:1 49:3 newsletters p] 46:9 46:12 46:19 next [5] 14:13 21:7 31:10 37:23 51:4 nitpicking [i] 37:11 non-PCB p] 33:19 34:15 none p] 46:22 46:23 nor p] 52:13 52:14 52:14 normally [i] 33:10 NOTARIAL [i] 52:1 notarized [i] 54:15 notary pj 4:4 52:5 54:14 2:17 53:23 note [i] 22:6 notes [4] 1:6 12:6 26:13 51:12 nothing [S] 19:22 19:25 45:11 51:16 52:10 noticeable [i] 28:20 noticed [ij 14:6 November [i] 5:2 now [io] 2:18 6:5 8:13 13:17 21:11 35:2 44:14 4:9 9:21 22:1 number p] 14:8 43:14 50:25 numbering [i] 11:15 numbers [4] 39:8 41:17 41:19 42:8 -o- o'clock p] 2:13 2:13 O/PL-306 m 17:21 21:21 22:16 31:11 33:18 34:10 35:13 oath [i] 52:11 object po] 8:1 8:18 16:19 18:23 19:19 20:6 21:1 25:25 26:24 27:12 29:10 29:18 33:3 33:20 35:14 36:5 38:9 45:4 49:13 51:7 7:7 12:25 19:6 20:12 26:7 28:24 31:15 34:17 37:9 49:6 Objection p] 15:12 40:24 occasion [i] 39:24 Off [2] 10:5 27:18 offer [i] 12:11 office [i] 54:16 offices [3] 3:4 52:6 2:14 official [i] 43:19 often [i] 20:23 oil [i] 8:10 one nsi 3:10 7:2 14:25 19:21 34:9 43:18 43:18 43:20 45:11 49:15 50:15 51:13 3:13 19:14 41:8 43:19 46:16 50:15 open [3i 23:2 30:17 38:22 / operate [i] opinion p] 35:5 16:5 22:15 opportunities [1] 10:7 opportunity [i] 12:11 order [i] 4:10 ordered [i] 40:16 orders [i] 4:11 original p] 54:12 1:16 outer [i] 50:5 Outside [i] 22:20 own [7] 2:4 19:17 19:17 47:12 47:16 2:21 20:21 mailed - PCBs APRIL 29, 1998 -P- P[2] 3:1 3:1 page [i6] 1:5 12:15 39:18 41:20 43:18 46:7 51:4 51:4 54:12 54:14 1:2 38:14 41:20 51:3 53:24 54:16 pages p] 43:11 42:16 paints [i] 41:25 Papageorge [34] 1:5 2:11 4:9 4:13 4:19 4:25 11:9 11:10 14:14 14:16 14:18 17:13 24:19 31:14 39:1 39:4 39:6 41:9 41:21 ` 43:1 43:23 43:25 44:9 44:11 44:14 45:17 45:18 50:16 50:17 52:8 53:5 53:20 54:7 54:10 Papageorge's [i] 4:15 Paper [i] 44:3 paragraph [2] 18:6 39:18 parens [2] 30:18 30:17 parenthetical [ij 30:13 part [7] 5:8 11:16 12:19 31:18 40:22 40:22 50:13 particular [i] 18:8 parties [3] 15:15 52:14 52:15 party [2] 44:23 44:25 passed [1] 36:20 Patents [i] 44:4 Paton [io] 14:15 18:5 21:8 , 21:13 21:17 22:18 f 30:23 31:24 35:3 ' 35:7 Paton's [3] ? 17:18 22:14 30:1 pay [i] 9:20 PCB [is] 18:22 19:5 23:25 24:4 32:21 33:8 35:22 39:19 7:6 19:17 30:4 34:21 48:25 PCBs [64] 6:3 7:9 9:7 9:11 9:18 12:2 13:10 13:18 15:24 15:25 17:2 17:3 19:11 19:22 20:18 22:3 23:2 24:15 25:1 25:10 25:24 27:10 5:16 7:18 9:17 12:12 13:21 16:8 18:15 19:23 22:13 24:18 25:14 28:1 Index Page 5 WATER PCB-SD0000071952 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE 28:4 28:16 29:8 30:10 31:8 33:6 35:24 38:11 40:12 42:13 28:7 28:23 29:13 30:20 31:17 34:4 36:3 38:11 40:23 48:10 28:15 29:3 29:24 31:6 32:4 35:20 37:1 40:10 41:10 50:12 Pebble [i] 54:7 pebbles [i] 28:19 pelicans [i] 27:18 penalty [i] 53:12 pending [i] 2:18 Pennsylvania [i] 3:10 people [6] 14:15 16:18 31:6 34:20 8:23 17:24 perceived [4] 23:2 31:9 38:22 48:2 percent [4] 27:3 41:21 42:3 42:8 perhaps [i] 13:21 period [4] 7:21 26:18 29:19 30:20 perjury [i] 53:12 person [6] 8:15 8:23 9:19 17:7 8:4 8:23 personal [3] 25:11 31:3 17:15 personally pj 13:10 26:2 45:16 perspective [2] 36:16 48:15 perused [i] 40:9 Philadelphia [i] 3:10 Phone [i] 54:3 phrase [i] 30:13 phtalic p] 7:11 7:15 32:5 physical p] 21:23 38:15 48:18 picked [i] 37:20 picture [2] 35:22 35:18 place [2] 47:14 3:10 placed [i] 50:5 Plaintiff p] 3:7 4:21 2:23 Plaintiffs p] 2:22 3:3 4:2 plan [2] 22:4 38:14 plant [8] 1:13 6:16 6:18 46:2 46:2 5:5 6:20 46:9 Plasticizer [7] 20:24 20:25 21:2 21:5 35:20 38:24 39:2 Plasticizers [ioj 1:8 5:13 14:2 15:20 17:2 33:24 35:17 35:25 played [l] point [12] 8:12 10:2 14:10 17:7 22:25 25:18 27:16 29:25 poses [1] position [4] 37:18 38:23 possible p] 5:20 29:17 potential p] 48:1 prepared [i] presence pj 33:14 48:9 present [i] pretty [i] previous [i] print [i] 18:5 printing [i] priority [2] 18:13 problem [4] 18:24 28:4 problems p] 24:4 24:8 28:7 38:6 38:12 process [5] 27:9 49:25 50:4 produce [l] produced [6] 4:9 4:11 4:20 11:13 producers [i] producing [i] product [7] 37:7 37:17 45:14 46:5 products [25] 5:12 5:22 6:12 6:16 8:8 9:6 13:15 18:22 19:5 19:18 20:5 23:25 37:19 39:20 44:22 48:25 program [4] 24:25 25:4 programs [6] 24:7 24:10 25:21 30:5 projects [i] prolonged p] 10:20 10:22 promising pj 30:17 promote p] 34:24 32:6 35:23 16:23 6:15 12:22 19:25 26:3 24:4 36:4 39:23 5:15 19:10 46:5 28:9 48:10 13:18 26:12 4:5 18:9 8:13 38:6 7:15 25:13 38:7 27:9 50:3 38:6 2:11 4:14 38:12 47:1 27:10 45:3 46:14 1:14 6:7 7:6 9:7 18:25 19:24 31:18 44:18 50:22 12:19 46:3 24:3 25:6 5:10 10:13 30:8 33:16 Condenselt! TM promoting [3] 30:10 30:20 31:5 promotional [i] 19:9 propagated [l] 48:11 proper p] 7:10 9:22 33:15 properties [6] 19:25 21:23 38:15 48:4 48:18 48:19 property [i] 51:8 protecting [i] 9:21 prove [l] 26:14 provide [i] 25:2 public [6] 2:17 4:4 30:3 52:5 53:23 54:14 publication [3] 43:5 44:18 44:21 publicity [i] 40:23 publish [3] 21:22 30:9 30:19 published [2] 44:23 44:24 pull [6] 26:20 29:23 36:4 36:18 37:5 38:3 pulled [3] 29:21 37:1 23:25 pulling [i] 35:11 purchased [2] 40:11 40:11 purpose p] 13:12 12:9 put [4] 8:11 9:1 19:11 34:25 -Q:____ quantities [2] 13:21 40:10 quarterly [i] 46:9 Queenyp] 5:20 6:15 6:20 5:5 6:18 questions [13] 1:2 4:13 4:17 4:24 5:5 5:8 5:14 5:19 5:23 20:19 40:5 51:18 54:18 quite [i] 8:10 quoting [i] 39:19 -R- R[i] 3:1 Raditzp] raised [3] 5:23 5:25 ranp] 25:12 rather [2] 49:3 RE[i] 54:9 reach [i] reached [i] 54:24 5:19 5:12 19:24 4:12 react [i] 8:24 reaction [i] 10:15 read [6] 31:22 36:6 39:14 44:14 53:6 54:13 reader [i] 31:9 readers' [i] 21:24 reading pj 31:25 14:21 real[i] 37:16 realized [i] 20:7 really [i] 48:14 reason pj 27:4 14:7 rebut [i] 25:23 receipt [i] 54:16 receive [i] 25:12 received p] 41:17 41:15 receiving [i] 46:10 recipient [i] 21:14 recognize [8] 43:4 43:23 44:15 44:16 50:21 6:24 44:6 45:21 recommend [i] 23:8 recommendation [i] 36:20 recommended [2] 49:4 49:11 record [4] 4:8 30:15 44:2 52:12 records [i] 40:9 reddening [i] 9:23 reduced [i] 52:11 refer [4] 9:19 11:14 14:1 43:16 reference p] 33:11 38:16 references [i] 38:19 referencing [i] 21:23 referred pj 42:8 46:6 10:1 referring p) 22:11 28:6 33:19 34:15 11:20 32:8 36:8; refers [i] 39:18 reflect [i] 12:6 reflects [i] 46:4 regarding [i4] 5:13 5:15 6:11 6:20 21:20 21:21 22:18 29:1 34:9 5:5 5:20 7:19 22:13 31:7 reissue [i] 21:22 related [4] 13:9 22:24 31:17 52:14 relating pj 29:24 10:19 relation [i] 15:6 relationship p] 15:15 16:24 17:7 Pebble - review APRIL 29, 1998 relative [2] 52:15 7:13 reliable [i] 27:16 relied [i] 20:4 remarks [i] 33:13 remember [i9] 5:10 5:16 5:17 6:7 10:18 14:22 22:17 46:12 46:21 47:1 51:4 51:6 5:6 5:17 7:19 15:3 46:19 50:21 51:10 reminds [i] 9:15 render [i] 53:9 repeat p] 42:22 36:15 repeating [i] 31:22 rephrase [i] report [6] 27:23 27:24 28:10 28:22 19:1 27:20 28:3 reported p] 26:9 28:1 22:14 reporter [io] 11:11 14:17 43:2 44:1 45:19 50:18 2:17 39:5 44:12 52:5 reporters m 27:25 Reporting p] 2:15 52:7 54:1 reports [i] 27:18 representative [2] 17:1 20:19 represented [i] 16:25 reproduce [i] 25:15 research p] 47:16 47:11 researchers [i] 27:25 reserved [i] 4:6 resins [i] 51:5 resistance [4] 20:2 48:7 48:22 48:24 respect p] 8:25 7:2 [i ' respected [l] 7:16 respirator p] 9:2 9:22 response pj 4:10 40:22 responsibility [i] 15:6 responsible p] 15:23 17:7 38:1 result [i] 9:11 resulted p] 47:20 27:5 results [6] 24:13 25:15 26:10 39:24 41:2 41:5 retardance [i] 48:24 return [i] 54:15 review [8] 12:13 12:23 27:8 39:7 11:17 14:19 39:24 Index Page 6 WATER PCB-SD0000071953 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE 50:19 reviewed p] 11:19 50:20 revised [2] 22:10 22:2 revision [2] 22:24 22:16 Riesburough [i] 27:22 right [8] 2:4 2:22 10:4 16:12 28:10 32:10 44:14 49:14 role p] 16:22 17:5 room [2] 8:9 8:19 Rosen' S[i] 4:10 rubbers [3] 14:2 23:8 14:2 run[i] 45:3 -S~ S[i] 3:1 safe [5] 6:7 6:21 7:4 6:11 25:24 safely [i] 8:8 safety [i] 6:1 sale [3] 15:24 23:1 36:3 sales [i4] 31:16 31:19 32:10 32:23 33:23 34:10 35:12 35:13 42:7 31:11 32:3 33:18 34:15 37:6 salesman [2] 33:4 33:5 salesmen [4] 16:14 33:1 33:8 33:11 samples [2] 25:12 20:20 Santicizer[i7] 4:17 5:9 5:12 5:21 6:2 6:11 6:21 7:5 7:20 8:7 8:17 9:6 10:14 10:16 10:19 10:24 11:6 Santicizers [i] 4:11 satisfy [i] 24:18 says [14] 4:22 21:8 21:9 22:6 22:9 34:9 41:21 46:8 47:8 17:20 22:1 30:7 46:7 47:19 scanned [2] 44:5 43:3 Schalk [1] school [i] 15:21 33:12 Schroederp] 2:15 52:6 54:1 scientific [ij 28:17 scientists [3] 30:3 30:9 30:19 seal [i] 52:17 second [2] 18:5 39:17 Section [i] see [22] 15:1 21:9 30:10 38:17 41:22 47:4 49:8 12:17 17:15 21:11 31:12 39:21 42:2 47:8 49:14 seeing pj 51:10 seek[i] 33:8 seeking [i] seemp] 35:15 seesp] 30:11 Selected [i] sell p] 33:1 selling [4] 32:16 32:20 send[i] 22:4 sense p] 13:19 23:7 sent [3] 22:3 53:25 sentence [i4] 21:7 22:1 31:23 31:25 34:7 34:9 34:15 34:19 47:19 sequence [i] series p] 46:9 serious [3] 20:17 48:9 seriously [i] served [i] service [3] 42:19 43:7 set p] 27:14 several [i] severe [i] share p] 20:14 sharing [i] sheets [3] 54:14 54:15 shipment pj shorthand [3] 4:3 52:5 show [5] 26:4 42:18 43:22 showed [i] shown [i] signp] 54:14 signature [5] 53:24 54:12 54:15 similar pj 8:10 Sincerely [i] sincerity pj 30:18 single [i] 12:17 14:4 17:22 24:5 35:17 41:2 46:10 47:21 50:21 33:6 44:3 37:7 32:16 38:22 9:3 31:6 18:5 30:16 32:2 34:11 38:14 11:16 42:23 10:8 23:1 14:8 42:17 52:17 16:6 9:16 21:15 19:10 54:12 13:18 2:16 42:15 50:14 7:18 12:12 4:5 54:14 7:5 54:19 30:14 27:14 Condenselt! TM sit [i] 26:11 sitting [i] 35:10 situation [3] 9:14 24:4 30:4 situations pj 10:19 11:2 sixp] 2:13 skin [3] 9:24 9:24 9:25 slash p] 30:9 30:19 smell [i] 8:25 S0ld[i] 33:23 solid [i] 48:16 solutions [i] 38:6 solve pj 24:7 24:4 someone [l] 11:5 sometime [i] 23:17 sophisticated [i] 25:11 sorep] 9:21 sorry [6] 10:4 12:1 22:8 23:10 24:21 50:24 southern [i] 27:18 space [i] 50:7 speak [i] 16:17 special [i] 11:21 Specialist [4] 1:9 42:16 42:18 43:5 Specialty [i] 41:25 specific [8] 13:20 15:9 17:5 18:1 44:19 7:1 16:24 20:1 specifically p] 19:21 32:7 specifics p] 15:25 16:11 spent [i] 6:5 Spirits [4] 2:9 2:24 3:15 54:9 sponsored [i] 26:9 sponsoring [i] 26:4 St [ii] 4:4 52:7 54:2 2:15 52:3 52:20 54:8 2:16 52:5 53:2 54:21 stamped [ij 42:21 standpoint [4] 30:8 30:17 30:22 35:8 start [5] 4:7 10:10 39:17 40:15 50:12 STATE p] 53:1 52:2 statement [4] 4:8 31:10 33:17 35:7 states [7] 2:1 2:17 2:19 18:5 30:2 31:10 52:6 stayp] 8:25 still [5] 25:2 27:1 31:18 32:15 32:16 STIPULATED [i] 4:1 Stop [3] 32:20 37:23 38:2 strike [6] 32:1 32:11 45:1 47:7 10:17 35:5 strong [i] 13:11 structure [i] 38:2 studies [i4] 26:4 26:6 26:17 27:1 29:3 29:12 29:20 29:24 47:12 24:17 26:8 29:1 29:14 30:5 study [4] 26:14 28:22 29:7 40:18 studying [i] 20:22 subject p] 39:15 39:15 subscribe [i] 53:11 subsequent [i] 46:18 subsequently [i] 4:14 substance p] 50:2 53:8 substitute pj 31:17 37:18 subtracting [i] 42:7 successful [i] 19:12 successor [i] 46:24 such [9] 10:15 17:9 32:23 45:16 48:4 53:10 15:16 45:5 53:7 Suite [i] 3:5 summary p] 12:2 41:10 support p] 30:18 30:9 suppressant [i] 49:12 surface [3] 14:6 41:21 41:24 survey [i3] 39:19 39:25 40:4 40:15 40:16 40:20 41:6 41:16 1:11 40:2 40:16 41:3, 44:3' Susan pj 51:17 3:16 suspected [i] 20:7 Sweden pj 25:23 27:21 27:24 Swedish pj 28:21 28:10 sworn [3] 2:11 4:20 52:9 symptom [i] 9:15 symptoms [3] 9:12 9:12 10:9 synonymous [i] 49:1 -T- reviewed - thought APRIL 29, 1998 takes [i] 7:14 taking [i] 47:14 talks [l] 47:4 Tammiep] 4:3 52:5 54:21 2:16 52:20 tank [i] 8:11 Taylor ps] 2:14 3:9 4:24.; 4:25 6:19 7:12 7:24 8:5 11:8 11:12 12:5 13:3 15:13 16:22 19:15 20:3 20:23 21:4 22:9 24:21 26:3 26:16 27:20- 29:4 29:21 30:21 33:7 33:25 35:15 36:7 37:25 38:13 39:6 39:12 42:24 43:4 43:15 43:19 43:22. 44:2 44:13 45:7 45:20 49:9 50:19 51:1 51:9 51:12 54:1 54:23 1:3 4:12 5:1 7:22 8:20 12:1 14:18 19:1 20:9 22:8 25:4 27:6 29:14 31:20 34:18 37:13 39:1 40:25 43:12 43:21 44:6 45:17 49:14 51:3 52:6 teamp] 17:12 teams [i] 40:8 technical [ii] 19:3 19:9 20:11 22:24 38:20 42:17 43:7 19:2 20:4 32:12 42:19 tells [i] 19:23 temperature [4] 8:9 8:19 ' 8:21 8:22 temperatures [i] 8:14 tenn[i] 21:2 terms pj n 7:1'3 13:20 36:1 testified p] ? 15:5 34:14 testimony [5] 13:4 33:17 34:9 34:13 52:12 testing [i] 20:22 tests [3] 25:22 26:21 26:22 Thank [3] 12:4 39:11 51:2 Thanks [i] 44:8 thereon [i] 53:10 thereupon [i] 52:11 thinp] 48:17 third p] 44:23 44:25 thirty [i] 54:16 thought [6] 23:3 24:21 36:9 38:24 18:2 34:14 Index Page 7 WATER PCB-SD0000071954 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE Condenselt!1 thousand [i] 6:4 three [3] 23:23 42:8 42:16 throat [2] 10:10 9:20 through [H] 11:3 11:4 13:4 19:14 27:8 27:9 40:19 42:21 45:21 9:24 12:22 25:6 33:11 44:4 titled [i] 12:1 today [3] 4:7 5:2 35:10 today's pj 11:15 11:9 together [i] 42:20 tolerate m 10:22 too [4] 10:7 40:7 43:14 50:9 top [7] 14:10 23:15 23:20 36:20 37:5 38:3 39:3 topic [2] 15:22 22:18 bVI-Ul J_X.J JT.i 34:20 touching [i] 52:10 towards [i] 25:22 toxic [2] 7:25 8:2 toxicity [4j 7:19 8:6 7:12 29:2 trained [i] 16:13 training [i] 33:11 transcribed [i] 4:5 transcript [2] 1:16 54:13 tried [l] 48:21 true [8] 6:2 11:1 26:3 52:12 53:9 10:24 32:18 53:13 truth [2] 52:9 52:10 try [i] 25:1 trying [i] 20:17 turn [2] 12:15 47:3 tutorial [2] 13:24 13:7 tutorials [4] 13:4 13:13 13:20 27:8 | two [5] 3:17 23:20 23:23 40:17 42:1 type [3] 7:6 1 44:15 11:20 types [7] 13:21 16:8 33:13 40:11 13:19 24:10 42:5 typical [i] 5:23 -u- U.K[i] 22:4 U.S [2] 22:4 49:17 under [5] 12:16 20:15 42:6 52:11 53:12 understand [io] 6:5 6:25 8:5 8:20 34:7 35:19 35:19 36:22 38:13 50:14 understandings p] 12:13 35:2 understood [6] 13:3 16:6 21:19 34:8 34:13 34:19 underway [6] 24:4 24:7 25:21 26:17 27:2 30:5 unique [ij 48:3 United pj 2:19 2:1 University pj 27:19 27:23 unknown [i] 33:14 unnecessary [i] 9:13 unreactive [i] 48:5 up [io] 15:22 21:19 29:13 5:14 18:2 24:13 40:5 13:23 18:16 25:5 32:20 used [7] 19:21 20:24 20:25 39:21 42:11 49:4 50:7 | useful [i] 23:4 userp] 16:9 uses [19] 12:20 13:25 14:10 19:17 23:2 38:22 38:24 41:16 47:4 47:9 47:10 47:21 49:2 12:23 19:4 27:4 41:13 47:6 47:17 using p] 33:1 28:18 utilize [i] 19:16 utilized [2] 18:21 11:16 utilizing [i] 20:5 -V- I v [2] 2:5 2:7 Valley [i] 54:7 vapor [2] 49:11 8:19 vaporization PI 8:16 51:5 vapors [i] 10:23 varies [i] 8:23 various [4] 14:15 26:5 38:16 47:9 varnishes [i] 41:25 verify [i] 26:9 37:14 Video p] 2:15 52:7 54:1 viewpoint [i] 19:9 virtually p] 25:13 25:17 vis-a-vis [i] 16:23 viscosity [i] viscous [i] voidp] 50:7 Vs [i] 54:9 20:1 48:17 -w- Walter [i] 15:21 warehouse [i] 16:8 warning p] 9:25 9:23 warnings pj 9:13 9:19 Water [i] 12:7 watering [i] 9:20 Watkins [i] 3:13 wax [5] 50:3 50:4 50:5 50:12 50:13 Week [5] 1:12 44:9 44:19 44:23 45:15 weeks pj 23:23 23:20 wherein [i] 2:20 WHEREOF [i] 52:17 whole [i] 34:5 widespread [i 47:20 William [6] 4:19 52:8 53:20 54:7 2:11 53:5 Wilson [i] 3:16 window [i] 6:18 withdraw [i] 37:17 within [io] 16:14 17:4 23:16 32:19 52:5 53:8 2:17 21:4 38:2 54:16 without p] 38:16 21:23 witness [6] 4:5 43:17 52:11 52:12 52:17 53:25 wondering [i] 41:15 word [4] 7:10 7:12 17:6 47:24 wording [i] 7:1 words pj 7:16 16:1 25:23 worked [ij 6:16 worker [i] 9:15 world [6] 2:6 2:22 3:8 4:21 5:3 37:16 worldwide p] 25:19 38:11 Wright [6] 15:3 15:6 16:25 17:3 14:25 16:23 writes p] 38:14 21:8 writing [i] 52:11 written p] 15:10 15:13 39:2 wrong [i] 34:14 X[1] -X19:24 -Y- Y[i] 19:24 year pj 25:17 years p] 46:18 yesterday [i] yet [i] 48:21 46:16 33:5 29:19 -ZZ[1] 19:24 thousand - Z APRIL 29, 1998 Index Page 8 WATER PCB-SD0000071955 BRIEF SUMMARY OF PCB MEETING March 17, 1970 I. PRESENT RESEARCH. A. G. Fred Lee. Water Chem. Lab., Univ. of Wisconsin. Four questions are important to the study: 1. What are the compounds that interfere in the chlorinated hydrocarbon enalyses in fish? ' 2. What is the relation with Monsanto's Aroclors? environment? 3. What are the sources of PCB's in the 4. What significance do these PCB's have? Fish have been sampled from the Milwaukee River area. Water contains PCB's in the low ppt range. .Carp contain 1-5 ppm of PCB-like compounds. Peaks from gas chromatographs of _ these compounds were identical to those for Monsanto's Aroclors.* Studies are now being conducted to determine the sources of these compounds within the river. B. William T. Donaldson. Southeast Water Lab., FWPCA, Discussed the analytical capabilities in quantitating the various peaks and trying to separate the isomers. They have used calibrated chlorine detectors, gas chromatographs, GC mass spectra and have attempted to determine the degree of chlorination of each compound. Thus far, they have gotten 95T pure samples. PCB's with less chlorine may be more toxic, C. Matthew Zabik, Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University. While conducting DDT - DDE residue analyses on coho salmon, a series of chlorinated compounds whose GC patterns match'those of PCB*s were found along with trimethylbenzenes, phthalates, etc. Attempts have been made to separate the PCB's by nitration and sulfonation. No consistent pattern between MAE 059941 WATER_PCB-SD0000071956 PCD Meeting 2 the materiel first reported as DDE and actual DDE has been noted. It varied in coho salmon taken from the same area (1 to 30^ other material). D. J, J. Llchtenberg, FWPCA Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Cincinnati. . PCB's have not been recognized as a real problem in the water monitoring program. They do interfere with DDT or DDE analyses. ' E. E, H. Dustman. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. In tests conducted on ring-necked pheasant, mallard ducks, bobwhite quail, and Coturnix quail, the higher chlorinated compounds were found to be mere toxic to birds (in cold-blooded animals the low Cl ones are more toxic), Aroclors tested: 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262. A great species difference in susceptibility was noted. PCB's were found in all eagles checked. i F. Richard A. Schoettger and David L. Stalling, Fish Pesticide Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri. Tested Aroclors 1222 - 1268 and some of the 4,000 end 5,000 series. Found that the toxicity is greater at lower degrees of chlorination. .. 96-hour TLjjj cutthroat trout: 1 ppm for 1221 Goes up for 1248 40 ppm for 1254 Gammarus sp. . 50 ppm The difference in toxicity to fish and birds in relation to the amount of chlorination of the PCB's might be due to the method of exposure (birds were fed PCB;s while for fish the PCB's were in the water) or to water solubility limitations. , Discussed PCB analysis and interference with DDE, heptachlor, and aldrin analyses. Work is underway using mass spectroscopy to further identify compounds in flesh and other samples. Pond studies and lab bioassays are being started. MAE 059942 WATER_PCB-SD0000071957 PCB Meeting 3 G. Sidney Williams. Food and Drug Administration. PCB's have been found only in e few foods: catfish 0.5-12 ppm. In one localized case it was found in milk (3-12 ppm). It was later discovered that oil that had leaked from a transformer was substituted for the fuel oil usually mixed with 2,4-D to spray for brush along power lines. FDA has no plans to establish food tolerances. H. J. C. Street. Department of Animal Science, Utah State University. In mammals the PCB's were found to cause hepatic microsomal enzyme induction (this was increasingly strong with higher Aroclors). There was extensive transformation during metabolism. 1248 and 1254 are commonly found in animal tissue. It appeared that ones with low Cl were more readily metabolized, so they would disappear from the residue. This may indicate that residue found in the animal does not indicate the source accurately. The interaction with other pesticides is an area where further research is needed. I. John J. Birdsall. WARF Institute, Madison, Wl. Many samples from heavily industrialized areas contain substances like PCB's. Other chlorinated compounds are also found that have not been positively identified. BHC or Lindane may be one of these. < Have completed a large number of samples from Lake Michigan, but positive confirmation of PCB's is needed. J. William B. Papageorge, Monsanto Company. . Uses of Aroclors: ' Biggest: Electrical transformers (1248, 1254) Capacitorsheat transfer systems Plasticizer in Cl rubbers (1254, 1260) ' Caulking materials . . ' ' Hydraulic fluids (1242, 1248) Production has increased 8% per year, but no dramatic Increase recently. 1242, 1254, and 1260 account for most of the use, MAE 059943 WATER PCB-SD0000071958 K. Jack T. Garrett, Monsanto Company. Discussed toxicity to rats end beagles (paper distributed). Discussed the problem of establishing human tolerances. II. ANALYTICAL. 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260 Aroclors should be used as references. The separation of PCB's into isomers end homologs is a must for positive identification. Sample clean-up is critical and recovery measurements are necessary. The proposed method is: ' 1. Extraction vith mixed ethers or methylene chloride. 2. For samples vith fats, waxes or oils, use JonesRiddich acetonitrile - petroleum ether partition;.-. 3. Florisil column chromatography. 4. Silicic acid column chroraetography. 5. Detection by GC using chlorine specific detector and support coated open tubular or capillary column. 6. Mass spectroscopy confirmation. III. BIOLOGICAL. A. Monitoring program. 1. Incorporate the monitoring of FCB's into the present pesticide monitoring program on Lake Michigan as a pilot study by 1971. , 2. All fish residue monitoring should be based on total fish residues, although levels in fat should be determined concurrently. . 3. All .sampling should be done on a statistically sound basis. . 4. Fish monitoring should receive priority but water measurements should be made where appropriate. KAE 059944 WATER_PCB-SD0000071959 5. Objectives of the monitoring program should be as follows: a. Establish existing PCB levels. - b. Establish the major sources of PCB intro duction into the environment. . c. Establish e baseline of PCB concentrations which can be used later for determining long-term trends. B. Biological Research Needs. 1. Initial laboratory bioassay should be made and limited to testing four Aroclors, 1242* 1254, and 1260 (high production) end 1248 (high persistence). 2. Representative species from all trophic levels should be tested to determine acute toxicities. 3. Representative species from all trophic levels should be tested through at least one generation with emphasis on the effects on survival, growth and reproduction. 4. Multiple generation tests should be made with some organisms having short life histories. ' 5. Physiological studies should be made to determine the effects of PCB's on enzyme systems, hormones, and tissues. 6. Studies should be made on the toxicity of PCB degradation products. 7. Food chain studies should be made to consider the PCB residues at each level. The compounds present at different levels must be characterized in relation to parent compounds. 8. PCB levels must be analytically measured in test tanks for all bioassays. MAE 059945 WATER_PCB-SD0000071960 4i;,<44 MiW| * IW A1 ,c. Cummins. Paton - General Offices P- April 3, 1970 t.r M. W. Farrar - JFQ Research R. G. Hutchison - RHUTC AROCLOR BULLETIN 0/PL-306 E. V. John - EJOHN Dr. R. E. Kelly - RKELL W. B. Papageorge - WPAPA Phocion S. Park - PPARK TO D. H. Bechtold - Chicago - W. E. Schalk - WSCHA R. N. Brell - Wilmington J. E. Smith - JSMIT J. }1. Brydon - Montreal J. E. Springgate - JSPRI G. Chew - Hong Kong W. F. Waychoff E. H. Fording - New York J. D. Wright - JWRIG J. D. Fowler - Melbourne R. V.. Johnson - RJOHN J. J. McNamara - Everett R. A. Onians - Brussels G. W. Sperberg - GSPER E. C. Wilde - Akron / ' 4." ' \*c > \ PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL \..t' .s Many of y>bu have asked about the availability of Bulletin O/PL-30y which covers all Aroclors and all applications. Lt ha^oeen out of print for some time. For your information only: O/FL-306 must be drastically revised in the light of the letter on PCBs that we have sent to Aroclor customers in the U. S. and plan to send to U. K. and Canadian customers. As you know, we have programs underway to solve the pro blems the PCB situation poses for our Aroclor business. We are co-operating with the scientists and public agencies who have interests in the PCB situation. It would appear inconsistent from an image stand-point that at the time we are promising (in all sincerity let me emphasize) support to sclentists/agencles we puolish a NEW bulletin promoting PCBs. The lack, of 0/PL-306 shouldHvOT inhibit your sales or your efforts. Salesmen who have .een through the training school were given hand-outs on Aroclors. Many Specialists have been Issued and 0/PL-311A is available. We plan to issue a much-condensed bulletin giving the physical properties of the various Aroclors without reference to applications. MAE 059946 WATER_PCB-SD0000071961 ~2~ For customers information: Send them O/PL-3HA (later you will have a physical properties pamphlet). On O/PL-306, the line should be this. This bulletin is long out of date. Mere reprinting we feel would be misleading. We have various application research pro grams underway in hot melts, sealants and coatings involving Aroclors. We want to get the data and then publish it later. We feel this approach will be much more accurate and useful for our customers. /dbw Cumming Paton WATER PCB-SD0000071962 to the layman to indicate that PCB found its way deliberately into almost every product produced in the nation. Applications such as dedusting agents, pesticide carriers, catalyst carriers, impregnating compounds etc. are. listed as Arocloi and have been so publicized by,the press coverage given to PCBs. The fact is, however, that very few of these uses accounted for more than 4 or 5 drums of PCB per year and,in many ,cases'v the Aroclor^ used-was.not.a-'POB;''- * w" In 1959 an exhaustive survey of our PCB customers was made to determine exactly where these products were being used. An example from the survey may be of interest, we found only three customers in 1969 were UBing any PCB in pesticide formulations. . Total consumption was between 5 to 10,000 pounds PCB per year. / This application was developed by U.S.D.A. scientists at Belts- yille, Maryland- in the early 1950sj' tfhe aim was to incorporate "chlorinated polyphenyIs" into lin dane and possibly chlordane to improve the residual effects. ^ To Monsanto's knowledge there was never any recommendation by * anyone for their use on food or other crops. The principal application was to spray metal or painted surfaces to Increase the effectiveness of the active pesticide against flies, ants, roaches, etc. In April, 1970 we wrote to Dr. Hayes, Director, Pesticide Regulations Division, U.S.D.A. suggesting that no approvals should be given to pesticide formulations containing PCB. All applications of a "miscellaneous" category uncovered during our 1969 survey of customers buying PCBs through the Plasticizer Business Group of Monsanto were included in the sales ban put into effect in August, 1970. . PCB APPLICATIONS IK PIASTICIZBRS U.S.A. Only (Prior to Discontinuation) Surface Coatings Sealants Adhesives Miscellaneous 57* 20* 17* 6* MAE 059971 WATER PCB-SD0000071963 Bncapsulants The use of PC as a solvent for the encapsulation of dyes for carbonless carbon paper began in the 1960s. Factors which influenced the selection of PC-were* ^ .* dye solubility U.V. light stability intensity of color development speed of color development moisture resistance non-reactive with dyestuffs In spite of research efforts for the past ten years it has only been in the past two years that the promise of satisfactory alternates have been brought to light. Since 1970 we have been supplying non-PCS alternates to this industry. The search for even better replacements continues but none of these is based MAE 059972 WATER PCB-SD0000071964 Dye Carriers Polyester fibers are notoriously difficult to dye and hence a usage of specialty dye-carriers has built up. Historically this has been based on biphenyl (i.e. a non-chlorinated product). In 1969 there was a trend toward the use of low chlorine oontent PC. Biodegradation and medical feeding studies have Bhown this particular PC to be non-hazardous to the environment. However, even this use is being discontinued within the next two months in favor of a monochlorinated produc * / / / DYE CARRIERS UtS. SALES OF MONSANTO PCB8 1971 Estimate 1.1 j 1972 Projection 0 ^ MAE 059973 WATER PCB-SD0000071965 j iiHuiiaa^iu 'i SPECIALTY I MODIFIERS \ .1 E W ID EAS FOR THE CREATIVE SALESMAN TO: DATE: August 28, 1969 SUBJECT: HOT MELT ADHESIVE FORMULATIONS We are indebted to ................ Technical Service Department for supplying the attached formulations for hot melt adhesives. All contain an Aroclor Furthermore, in formulation 6-26F, Ethyl 702 is recommended at 0.5# as antioxidant. Santowhite Powder should be recommended as a re placement. Santowhite Powder is covered by the FDA to the same extent as Ethyl 702. A separate Plastifacts will be issued. /dbw Cumming Paton MAE 059911 W2 JLfTHO.JN U.SJC fa U t* eeaslruf *j i fpa>M^U(h U W4 pv&ict hi tont>\eA wftt> v\j pitnL MONSANTO MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO TXC flTKCSS 0* MERCHANTABILITY ..Of ANT PRODUCTS REFERRED TO, no nwrun*** ( wiW*cl7 inn fMuftc* fnfcxraitk* 4ncUimj iltldtilit? Ik *>y rwrtr\| tou *f **m*.~ WATER_PCB-SD0000071966 June 24, 1968 FORMULA 6-3 PRADiJCTs Hot Melt ^dh.esfve -- Heat-Resistant Type *- - TYPICAL USE: Sealing seams of multiwall bags to be stored at temperatures to 140F. ' FORMULA: Wt. 7. Material Supplier 12 32 20 0.20 36 Shellwax 700 (fully refined paraffin wax , 185F melt point) Aroclor 5460 (chlorinated polyphenyl) Elvax 260 (E/VA copolymer) , Butylated hydroxy toluene (antioxidant) UNIREZ 915 (modified phenolic resin)17 Shell Chemical Co. Monsanto Chemical Co. E.I. duPont de Nemours Eastman Chemical Union Camp Corp. * <rf r-ctv Frr <? V fa'q-c. PROCEDURE: Melt wax and Aroclor 5460 to about 350oF. Add Elvax slowly and mix until all is dissolved. Stir in BHT. Then stir in UNIREZ 915 at about 400CF. PROPERTIES: Softening Point, Ring & Ball, C Color, 257, in toluene at 70C, ASTK D-1544 Brookfield Viscosity at 360F Oven Peel Temperature * 192F (89C)' 9+ 4000 cps 142*F * Temperature at which kraft-kraft bond fails when loaded at 160 g/inch wicth. * 059911.01 Tk* (nrtnuUn *+d lUUwnli kcrgyn art *ecvr<4 in tXn kut / n*r ku^scicdpt. //rnwr, npplieatinn in tA nwr'i plant it voder bryood nor control r-4gfrtdnnt nnd nr4 made mitknvt 'aama(v nr gnamrUat of &* kind. Snikinp tenUtnW knrtin ke tnnolruad 4 rMOnMnUlthtu in n*< nog product nr ^rt'ou ia coofticl ' oatrmJa eomrriaa an* mattrinl or itd tun. . _ * * . * 7"->: \ WATER PCB-SD0000071967 } July 24, 1968 Formula 6-14 Product: Hot melt adhesive for furniture 4 Typical Use: Bonding vood-to-vood, vood-to-coreboard Formula: Wt. ja Material Supplier Code 10 Paraflint SH (Fischer-Tropsch vax) 15 Aroclor 1254 (chlorinated polyphenyl) 12 Aroclor 5480 ( " ") 30 Elvax 150 (E/VA copolymer) 0.2 Butylated hydroxytoluene (antioxidant) >5 UNIREZ 9002 (modified phenolic resin) 1 2 2 3 4 5 Procedure: Melt vax and Aroclor plasticizers to about 375*F. Mix in BHT. Add Elvax in small portions and mix until each is completely dissolved.^ Stir in UNIREZ 9002 vhile reducing temperature to about 350F. Hold at 350F. until veil blended. Properties: Ring & Ball softening point - 228F. Brookfield viscosity (Model LVT No. 3 spindle, 12 rpm) - 5700 cps. Color, 255o in toluene at 70"C.., ASTM D1544 - 6+ Oven peel temperature* ' - l60F. Supplier Code: 1 2 3 4 5 Moore &, Hunger, Inc. Monsanto Chemical Co. E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co. Eastman Chemical Products, .Inc. Union Camp Corn,, Chemical Division * Temperature at vhich kraft-to-kraft bond fails vhen loaded at 160 g/inch bond vidth * ,; * r'v MAE 059911.02 . ^_ .( ... to* I -tun, <U,W *i. W i~ln.W . .*-- U ... . ^vnik ***<ri*0 ** I**1*TM*1+1, tU *** ~ P- * 1 *"* ' WATER PCB-SD0000071968 January 3, 1968 PRODUCT: FORMULA 6-26F Hot Melt Adhesive for Polyolefin Film -- TYPICAL USES: Polyolefin-kraft, polyolefin-polyolefin adhesion. FORMULA: ' V7t. % .________________ Material 45 20 35 0.5 UNIREZ XR-8 (experimental resin) Aroclor 1254 (chlorinated poly phenyl) Elvax 4320 (acid terpolymer) Ethyl 702 (antioxidant) Supplier Union Camp Corp. Monsanto Chemical Co. E.I. duPont de Nemours Ethyl Corp. PROCEDURE: Blend XR-8 and Aroclor together at 300F and mix in antioxidant. Increase`temperature to 350F and add Elvax in small portion with good agitation. Allow each portion of Elvax to melt and blend in before adding the next. After all components are added, allow to mix at 350*F until hot melt is completely homogenous. PROPERTIES: Softening Point, Ring & Ball, -*C - 69 Brookfield Viscosity (Model LVT, 03 spindle) - 3150 cps at 350*F 8800 cps at 300*F MAE 059911.03 1 kirn* nr. .orwnai. t. Uc m. Wummi, W. application i. IX. pUnl u mAar WyW v*r wilf< tM r meIt guAnnt*4 / lnw, t**4Ai**d ktrtim eX^ll 4 e>s*a<rW A4 ( * * *pttA *uilw|r paU*U any tuaiarwai </ iu u*4. a .... . vt>-* ' cu.- WATER PCB-SD0000071969 l / / d y*r. /re /V" C ^<f '/'?. f'r ^ W f 11 a J- k< y- cJ?f /scff'J /V' C & ft- /- * /j (Che^ A U sZ. /9S7- TVs 7 J id?*,- - set*,' tiyy * voaiing paper, tuth at that ior impact printing, liar fell K. Creep (to The National Cash Kegister Co.) U. S. 2,2P>,003, Oct. 20. A coaling U formed from a mlxl of 2 emulsions, one being formed of a aoln. of gum dammat 60, in .toluene 60 part* together with dl-fp-ierl-tfUlyl- phenyl) mononhtnyl phosphate 8.6 having dispersed therein glycerol 31), ferric ammonium sulfate 3.2 and water 1 14 parts, and the oilier emulsion Ck-iuk ritlierwUe Imllar . but cohir. Knltif acid (1.4 parts instill of the ferric am monium sulfate, liolh dispersed phases linvidg a particle *slr.c of Jess (1win 0.1 utm. diam. It. S. 2,2tf*,<i!H relates to a inrmilulding pa|>cr with a coating formed /rom an emulsion having i< continuous phase which is a aoln. of gum dammar M in toluene 60 pints, used with one-third its rpiuntity of a discontinuous phase formed ofglyccrol # 80, polyclhylriic glycol it amt C black or olliei pigment O' * parts, emulsified so that tire discontinuous phase it of a panicle tite invisible to the unaided eye. EXHIBIT Zifi HAE 059918 water_PCB-SD000007 1970 JitS, `tec1 '<W' J.f f" ~CZy' o>- ^ pe 7v' c-' r Cp*tln| for marking paper. llArrelt K. Green (tot NaIioiiaI Cush Kegislcr Co.). U.S. 2,374,802, May \? vJ'JfV ^ P?!>cr,*,\,e.ct coft,cd wi*h a ru[itur*blc solid continuous fihu (J) having within it 2 types of oil inclu- Iona (II) (cl. C.A. 37, 1809') whlch'are chemically sepd. from each other but when the coating is ruptured by a stylus or printing type, a localized marking is produced, r!^!'CllV irc*Cj0M 0,1 u"dcrshcct, Formulas for the prepn. of I and II are given. FED ................ * W.rrv p,, pj,her (l0' / w S{- 3,3 - Bis(4 - dlmethylamlnophenyl) - 6 * dimethylamlno* , * phthallde. Clyde S. Adams (to Notional Cash Ucglv * X ter Co.). U.S. 2,4!7,8li7, Mnr. 24, Itil7. - 3.:Mis*(4. tjy/Co*. . dhnclliylnniiiionltcnyl) - 0 - rlimclhylniniimiilithalide (I) Is nearly colorless tnidcr~hormai'colPlitlonf lull intense *-- blue when in adsorption contnct wun highly polar /*vn substances men ns clay, biU,, and MgCU, or when in contact wIHT wcnlc ncidiT "Fairer-coaling ~csimids. conlg.'i Mid including clay or other dry sotid polar filler a respond to marking pressures by producing a color. To 70 g. m*HtNCH<COi!l, 225 f. Mel, and 700 ml. 60% MeGH was added 105 a. 85% KOH in 607c McOH por- tionwlse. The lower Mel layer disappeared after 3-5 days. The MeOH was distd. off and 75 ml. coned. HCI ""added. On standing and cooling, white crystals of hi- OC.CsH, .NMe,.O.H I .K,0 (II) aepd. II was slowly betted . I----- !-------------- 1 _ tp to 236* to fire m*We,NCH,CO,Me (HI), a waxlika solid. 8apon. of 64 |. HI was tflected In 6 min. by boding with 200 ml. 18% HCI to give m-MejNCsHiCOiH (IV). A mlxt. of 18 g. IV and 27 g. (4-Mc,NC,H,),CHOH was added slowly wJthjaUrring to 212 g. 00% HtSOt at 0*. -- After standing several hra. at room temp, the mlxt. was poured over Ice, neutralized partially by NaOH, and then completely by Ha,CO, arid NaOAe ill turn. JThe solid products were aepd.,- redisssolved in dif. HCfcythe aoln. j neutralized by NaOH, boiled, and filtered, ana acidified * with HOAc. There aepd. 2*14,4'b)s(dimetliylamino) bcnrhydryl)-5*(dimethylam1no)benaole acid (V), fray crystals from CHt, m. 109-200*. To a aoln. of 112 g. V In 121. 0.09 N HCI was added 72 g. 90% PbO, slowly with, "stirring at 0*. The mist, was treated with Na,SO< and then with HCI, filtered, and made allc. with NaOH. I yepd.j cryHd. from 66% ak., whHe needles, m. 189*. Kkhard C. Kadeseh C vl a fat *i tO c TW2*. ; I 3,) - Bis (4 dlmethyland&ophenyl) 6 dimethylamlno* fktbillde. Clyde S. Adorns (to The Notional Co.h KriUter Co.). U.S. reissue 23,024, Aug. 17, 1048. A" rrluue.o! U.S. 2,417,897JC.A . 41, 7416<i). M.L.I1. - ; MAE 059919 WATER PCB-SD0000071971 Cri- i2, t-i't c 3,3 Bl*(4 *dlmelhrltmlno -3 -roathylpheoyl)pbthallder'J Clydr S. Adams (io National Cash Register Co,). l).S< 2,443,092, tune 8, 1948. J,3-Bu(4-rfiWMyfamiao-3* ' e tti'll<ylpheny!)6hlhlide Is prrparrd by heating at 140* o-MrCiMiNMci 08, phthalic anhydride 37, and fused anhyd. 7.nCI) 70 g., pouring the crude product Into dil. . 3)Cl, freeing It at- bii oil by elding NaOH soln., and ^slcam-distg. to remove unrractcd toluidine. The residual oil solidifies on cooling and crystnllir.es from EtOH In white crystals, m. IRQ*, bluish green when adsorbed oa kaolin. The solid mixed with binder tnd kaolin shows a . color wtirti tmukcil with a stylus snd may be used ss s " record -material coating. Richard H. Wiley tfi- fy itii w j **&} t Stcondary amines ot 3,i-bia(t>-aminopheny))phtheli(lt. Jb , o Clyde S. Adams (to National Cash Register Co,). U.S. 9 I 2,474,084, June 21, 1040. 3,3-DichlorophlliMide 20, . CO(NMel'h)i 23, and AlCh 60 parts, arc heated In PhNOj (1) 1 hr. at 100% then poured Into 11,0 at O'; steam.distn. _of I, then extn. of the dried residue with BttO, gives the Intermediate condensation product, which Is hydrolysed with 11C1 (d. 1,18) 6hrs.t 140-60*. 1`ptu. with .Nil,OH and reervstn. Irom ElO!I gives 3,3-ii'j (p-mr/Ayfa mine , phenyl)f>hlknlide. The El onolct was made similarly. These colorless contpds., intimately mixed with "polar substances'' (clay, silicates, carbonates, ZnS, CaFt, etc.) turn a strong blue and hence sre used in making prasure-ietuilivt record material. Arnold M. Collins * fS 0 ft `frt'vrt* Ik* Jo C V<_ 9/*rie /<-% Cl/C CA-i 9/o f . /iff . Pressure-sensitive record material. Barrett K. Green [to National Caslt Register Co.). U.S. 2,603,470, Apr. t\, 1000. The application of pressure upon paper coated ritb cnseln (I), kaolin (11), 8,3-bis(P-<Jimethylsmlno- phenyl) - 0 - dimethylaminophlbaJide (111), ana tetrarnctbylltentidine (IV), produces at the points of applica tion s dark-blue mark that does not become discolored or Wined owing to tbe effects of light, atm. conditions, or ring. To one-half of soln. contg. 1 20 and water 130, iWi vrhkb ertn. 28% NH<OH (V) I g. has been mixed ct ID'.ftShuTy toftddtd of II *00 ana water 200 g., and 0-3% Nn metnphwphate by wt. * dispersing agent. The other half of the 1 soiu. it m!>cd with V 6, sml a soln. of 111 6.1 and IV 0.0 a. In 60 cc. of 3.7% HCl. The paper Is coated with the mixt. of both these solns. and dried. The coata lug weighs about 0.002Vlb. per so. ft. of surface and R 0.0006-0.001 In. thick. U.S. 2,305,471 describes the firoeexs of prepg. the paper with l, U, lll' andTV. The' ollowing pairs oi pntents use alternatives for 1U and IV; _lbc first being the tnslcrial and tbe second tbe process patent: U.S. 2 505,472 and U.S. 2.505,481. 3,3-bf(p- ditttethylamiiiopficnHJphthaflde;' U.S. 2,505,473 and U.S. 2,505,482, 214-bis!p-(f-dtmcthyleminophctiylaio). aniliiiol-O-hydroxy-rym-triotme} U.S. 2,505,474 and * U.S, 2,505,483, o-(e-hydroxybcntylidtne)aectopheitonc; U.S. 2,505,475 and U.S. 2,505,484. bls{p-dimcthylnmiimpheiiyl)inethnol or bls(f>*dimethykmmophenyl)meth* oxymclbnnc: U.S. 2,505,476, and U.S. 2,505,485, 3,3 -- bli(p-<l(ethyIatnlnophcnyl)phlh*fidc or 8,3-bU(p-dipro* pylsminophenyi)plitbalide; U.S. 2,505.477 and U.S. 2.505,486, 3,3-b)5(P-nelhykminopkenyJ)phth>!idc or 3.3bls(p--cctthhyyIlnnmmllnnooppnnetiyl)pbthollde; U.S, 2,505,476 and U.SB. 2,503,487, 2 |. 4,4' * bls(.dlmelhykmlno)bcn*obydryl.J..t.B...-.d..i.m....e..t.h...y..k..m...l.n..o..lenrol1e ac"idU: .US.S.. 2,505,479 and U.S. 2,505,488, 8,3 - bl>(4-ditnetoykmlno 3 - itrethylphenyl)p!tti.l!dt: and U.S. 2,503.480'and U.S. 2,505, 489, 4 '(p-d)nieiby)ralnophenylaco)i>cnmnIltde. ' R. J. Rotb a we vtt / * ' ^4 /(<wi . . * . % ** S*/v9f^'y4t dyr /j&/zk> MAE 059920 WATER_PCB-SD0000071972 ~'*Ur CA &/ U Rresaure-aenallive record materiel. Barren K. Crccn <* mid Robert W. Sandlrcrg (to National Cash Keister Co.). U.S. 2,548,364-5, Apr. 10, 1651. A pressure-sensitive record material has been developed having minute particles 01 two kinds of substanees which are color-reactive on con-_ tael, one of the substances being In a liquid form and tlie"- other being in solid form, the particles of the two substances nre arranged In proximity In profuse nttmliers but Insulated from rout net by materia! mpturablc when pressure is applied. This pressure acts to bring the two kinds of sub-. * stances together at the points of rupture to produce a dis tinctly colored localized mark. One of the materials In liquid fcu-fii is a sulii. of 3.3-bisfP-dimethvInniinonhcnvIl-fi- diiiiclliylaniinoplilhalide u_chlorinated in biphenyl. One__ bl tlirsOllflTCldf^Iorriling materials is anannrpiteT' Compds. that may be used In plnce ol 1 arc 3,3-liis(p-dimethylamiiir>- phenyl)phthalidc, 3,3-bis(p-dimctltylamiiinplicnyl}-4,5,C,7-\ IctrachlorophthaUdc, 3,3-bis(p-dicthylamiiiopheiiyl)-0~-di- } melhylammophlhnlidc, and 2,4-bis(4-(4-dimcthylatnino- y Par.o)aiiilino)-0-bydroxy-j-trlar.ine. U.S. 2.5S0.47Q-1-2-3. Apr. 24, 1001. This new record nflttcriai, allhougii-adapted for response to stylus pressures, is particularly adapted for - response to pressure applied to impact printing operations sucli as by the striking or pressing of type against it. It Is -- on Improvement over U.S. 2,200,093 (C.A. 37, 18G01 and -- also U.S. 2,606,470 (C.A. 44, 61006). The pressure-sensi tive record material includes tie combination pi color-form ing substance* of two kind*, one being solid and the othpr, _ kind being liquid which b insulated from contact with the . .. ,.solid kind by being profusely dispersed in minute droplets III a solid ruplurablc film on the exterior of which is deposited a film bearing particles of tilt solid kind. The solid color forming sulwtanct is selected from a group consisting of a finely divided Na Al silicate zeolite material and such tea- ` terinl In which thr. Na base exchange cations have been re- placed by rations of Ni, Cu, Fe, 7,n, Hg, Bn, I'b, Cd, end K. The liquid color-forming substance Is an org. eleclrott donot, aromatic compd., such as crystal violet lactone in clilorin- ~atrd biphenyl, hiving a double bond system which is con verted to a more highly polarited conjugated .form upon . taking part in an tlcctron-ionor-aeceptor adsorption them. reaction, giving it a distinct color. Malachite crccn lactone i or tetraehloro malachite green may alsolre used In the liquid- 9 forniingTiuitcrial ICelnar R. Wright _ ^ f''M Co Or*. V X//J-rvr./e C!l^f > c/y> <? c.o j: ' * -..V. e. /v" cr-H. r v* > Manifold raeord material. Barrett K. Green and Robert fl W. Snndlievg (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 2,548,366, Apr. 10, 1061; U.S. 2,550,466-7-8-0, Apr. 24, 1061. A procca* has been developed for making a record . material which acts both as a receiving sheet and a trans ferring sheet. This material is suitable for use In a stack or pile wherein an original entry on the iop sheet by impact or / pressure b reproduced on the lop surface of each undersheet _ without the necessity of using Interleaved transfer sheets. ' < YL- Various liquid cotois, such as crystal vinlft Itetone, mala- > chile green lactone, etc., (cl. 2,648,364-6, preceding abstr.) aretirssolvrtl In an inert oily liquid medium and are held as minute droplets profusely dispersed In a solid pres- eiire-rupturable film preferably of gelalin. Tbe reacUnt material which rbn'grt rnlnr it mi electron donor aromatic org. ennipd. having a double bond system which is con- vet tilde to a more highly polarized conjugated form upon taking part In an electron acceptor-donor surface chein. reaction.' The adaorbaut material Is an inorg, subslnncc and Is In fine particle form to provide a large adsorlmnt aurfaee area. Cl. C.A. 35. 3160*. Edgar R. Wright axe 05,,U WATER PCB-SD0000071973 C/1- WJ7/ /Zf'/c f, : ~ Transfer paper, Chester Davis and National Cnsli Hamster Co.). U.S. Ned A. Thacker 2,646,367, July 2(t1o.<7Us 1053. A hydrophobic transfer coating applied to a mani fold abed (1) consists of a colorless recording oil (II) contg. colorless color-reactant (UI) In a was binder (IV). Thus, ! a mixt. of 65% by wt. of a petroleum lubricating oil of vis cosity 200 see. Sayboll and 46% by wt. of a mixt. of 60% crystal violet lactone ami 60% benzoyl lettco methylene I bhte is added to a mixt. of niigar-cane wax 44.4, refined -pataflin wax 44.4, nud Montnn wax 11.2%. I fi coated with the thoroughly stirred aggregate by use of C lb. of coat e ing per 30 X 48 in. Team and used with an under-sheet t * seiisitired with ncidlike tnorr. materials (ef. CV/t.45, 6845d). * Ollier II ore chlorinated or alkylated biphenyls having equiv. p" `'IIJ~~'IU - - tcrpiiciiyjs, titpctyl phthalate, or i " tnkyby any mtcrocryst. wax m. . ,, ___ amide, a synthetic wax aucb as b hydrogenated castor oil, or a montanlc acid eater. c*v- C.-W c * p> 4<*>\ f**' CvL 'VLtfl 3* 17fry* ** f *f \ (^trv^i CL /cv.-- 4^1. At< ClrV , A fiuAa. J H-ZJ-*** ef. 7>ce~ CAfwtw. Jjpr l 7 (i-vx //( ^ 03 1*7/6 e /f^I7 Pressuie-aensltive record material. Barrett K. Creen J (to Nutionnl Cash Raarstc? Co.). U.S, 2,618,574, Nov. 18, 1052. A new material,'Which is an improvement over U.S. patent 2,618,304-5 (C./f. 45, &845rf). comprise* a mixt. of. Casein 8.85, kqolin 88.60, 3,3-bis(^-dimclhy)arnino-., phctiylMklimcthylnniinophlhulide 2.25, and tetraitrelhyl-* , . benzidine 0.40%. Tile kaolin, which Is in fine-particle form, provides a large absoibftiTsurface area. The org. material " is an electron-donor aromatic tompd. bitvlng a double-bond system TWMi Is convertible to a more highly polarized conjugated'form upon taking part In an electron acceptor- donor solid-surface chem. reaction. The Inorg. reactant ' Is a material which is an electron accentor. Both materials are In fine-pafnclc form In order to furnish aTarge reactant . 'jurTncc area per CnTrtrca ofTRonTmiUcriall A marie of distinctive color is produced by'tueThem. reaction of color forming reactants in the absence of any liquid ioniting me- 1 _diuw and only at the points ol application oMocanicdprcs- * "sure. The distinctive color produced does not become dis colored or atained because bf the effect of light, atm. condi- (ions, or aging. Edgar R. Wright SIX'? <.*'* * - --...------ V Celorleu ink a. David W. Steinhardt (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 2,654,673, Oct. 6. 1053. Two dif ferent color markings from a single ink may be produced on jm|KT by varying tbe clay with which it has been coated or compoundc3T Tfic tuts consists of a toluene coin, of a ' chlprinntcd biphenyl In which have been dissolved &.0- ' Uisiclic! fiyhunhio) -V-tp- lilt roaniJino}*P-xardbene-ie-benzole * acid Inclaro (1) and a compd.'selected from the group con- J risting of 3,3-b'n;(fKlimethylamlnophcnyI)phthhlide and^.. 3,3-bis(p-rlk'lhylantlnophenyl)pbthati(1c (II). Ca silicate will produce color only With 1. Attapuim* rfav will de- ' velop color with both 1 antfllto produce a color blend. firoef** ** < ** C "PH* > * C-Li-lAA.*yj5S-t * C-Tr-Ls, Sc (< < ft va. At Vtvsf Cd- *0, L / t- V t /*} 5 S' i S'sper sensitized with maUlltc alUcates, David W. St'eln- (L hardt (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 2,702,765, f I'eti. 22, 1P56. I'upcr is Impregnated with Mgailicafe par ticles and a jgjts,binder by passing it through a bntb of Na silicate anil a butadiene-styrene copolymer and 'then -- throufl, MaSO olrt> ~C61or-rea<;0;iitS,-e.g. tulwlm cvyital violet lactone, ap|)llcd in pTIiiTing or Willing operations, makt 'distinctive mark* thereon. Willa I. Guta "c ~ evu * SrV* rat't ,C,t fT7 r\ MAE 059922 WATER_PCB-SD0000071974 C6 t<l, /^72 y iJi?,I.uf# *en,i,,Te transfer sheets. Robert \V. Sandlx-ig ((o Kmiuiinl Cnsh Register Co.). U.S. 2,711,375, June 21. ' ii * dispersing co.'il inp for transfer it niinlr by tpllojdnl droplets of oily marking fluid in a film* loruuug hydrophilic colloid inateiInf which fhjflines wlicn uiiijcc^cd (o^mnrkiiig j,,^sj'ur0S( rclcasinj; 1 lie oHT Resistance >1 Hie coiiiiijflo rough'liandlmg it improved by incorpoiut. nS fibxa In the oil phase, tlie hydrophilic jdiasc, of 30.,h- . . )'. M. Ernsliergrr 'if. 1 E'rXf' Stlri. C -c S/ti s** 4 // J>e-r Art'% re c. t. r* / ** _S 0*42 W'S`rzc Making different colored marks with a single fluid.< 1 Bnrrclt K. Green (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S.^ 2,714,074, July 20, lfl.1,1. Rajicr b seusitir.rd in selected aicHt with a coating of nUiumlcIlt in ttiircli. An ink or dye which will color all nrens it mixed with acolor reactant . that will rb16f~67Tly Ilic sciisitir.eu hum. For example, 3% by Wl.~t>f trynttt"Viiilcriactoiic"I3,'3-'bit(^-dimefhyJaiiiino* phcnyl>-0-ditnclhylntnhio phtlmlide) and 3% of the red dye Sudan 111 Is dissolved in 04% by wt. of chlorinated diphenyl (48% Cl by wt.). This fluid is absorbed by a pad rmd.ap- plied therefrom by a stamp, will niHkc a dark purplish print tin the attapulgitc men and red on the unscnsitir.cd area. .Other normally colorless comuds, which color sensitised wren5 RTC j.j-bisTi'-dieUiylftimnophenylHj-dicthylnmmo- phtlmliile, dark blue; 3,3-bis(p-dimetliylnuiiophcnyl)- ' phtlmlide or nmlnchitc irreen IhcIoiic, green; 3,3-bis(p-di- eth,vIatmuophciiy!)phlhaiidc, bluc-grcen; 3,3*bis(/>-ineiliyl- . ammophtnyl)plilhalio'c, bright blue; 3I3'bis(f>-ethylamino* phcuyihihtholide, dark blue; 3,3-bis(f>-dipropyla.mmo- phcnyljphtlialide, blue-green; Miclder't hydro! or bis(P- dinicthylsmluophenyl)mcllmnol, datk blue; and the Me ether of Michler's hydro! or bis(p-dimt(hy]aminop)ietiy])- ructhoxymetlmne, datk blue. Instead of attapultitc. Iml- loyalU# Mg trisllicatc, and Na.A! silicate seolite material can HTused. in*ddn. to atlapulgite, bthtonite and halloysite can be used with 2,TAii?[WjWimetliylaroinoto)aiiilinb)-0- hydroty-J^Hatine and o-hydroxybeniylideneacttophenono, bolli eoinpdt. being normally yellow and producing blutsli- gray and reddish-yellow, resp., on aentitixed areas. For sensitising, 20% by wt. of paper-coating (larch In water is ' cooked at B31* for 16 min. After cooling, to 1 part by wt. of the cooked tlarch it added 4 parts by wt. of a dispersion of ] part of atlapulgite in 3 parts of water. Application of the compn. it made on selected stfeas of tbe paper at room temp, and dried. Recommended thickness of the 'fbSliTSJ is 0.0006 in. Wm. J. Scliepp . )&. t-4 c\/J ^ fcx J <^f /3-v * *C C ?, i%. V'7`?<K. M&l PressuraHisntltirs record material. Barrett K. Green (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 2,712,307, July 6,. 1116.1. A routing consisting of microsconlr pressure rnotur- nlilc particles contt;. a printing fluid encased in a gelatin or" ur.ir capsule b applied to paper to produce a sheet having ti.im.lcr properties. Tlie printing fluid (1) consist* of 3,3- bisfft-dimctlivlBininonhciivD-O-diinctliylrimlnouhthalidt (a * colorless nmterinl (lint forms nn InMqnt blue mark in con- j. i tact witli nn ncid clay) and benrovl Icuco mtthylcnc blue 9 (which oxidises to a noufnding mark) fn trlclilorodiplichyl as < the vehicle".' i is encapsulated by emulsityiug in an aq. : sol of the colloid followed by addn. of NSOso!n. tofonn a . toaecrvate. The taptules can be filtered and washed and -- applied to the paprr as a coating. Aaron Miller ^a T+j lm ^iaS^rCo*^" CM**2 J CA $-1sr/Ar /4 4TI ..... llmelhylummophcn) )g type, benwyl leuco and ary color roacUnt o^theo ''"c)* iiiddoiobtpbeny. thyltnt blue; and a* ^n.0'^..iu-suin arable comple* b_ encapsulating snaterlal, a gelstiu u< WhU * VL *^4 rfi 13 A-re*-4-V MAE 059923 WATER_PCB-SD0000071975 .&1 s^^/A /^s~v Pressure-responsive record materials. Barrett K. Green and Ixjwrll Schleicher (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 2,930,457, Jan. 10, 1060. Pressure-sensitive record materials on which marks of distinctive color are made by application of locaUied pressure are prepd. by application on a base web (paper, metal, wood, plastic, or Blass) of a solid-particle resetant and an oily watcr-luuniscibic liquid, the two substances nortrmlly belli* prevented from re-artiu* ' iy bciii* contained in prcssnre-nipturablr niicrnacnpic cap sules ol film-fpfiniii|.'li\'iTfHpTiTKr ciiT|tTM.I?. flit hiiYuTale nnrltent timtViinl is. im.lciulily o 1 fnn'lilcitc anti the titlsoilmlc nniv l>c crystal vinlct Inctnnc or mnlnchrU- gran lactone (l) anil a ciiUiiless toint17'iviricli ogidircs to form n color, piei- ttnbly Jtriir.tiyl Jchcp methylene blue (1I)7~ Tlie pre-ferted tnpsulating material is gelatin. A coaling of Hatch and nttspulgitc Is first applied to the paper end allowed to dry. ' Into an emulsion of gum arable and water, n a!n of ) and - 11 in trieliloroliiiilK nvl is introduced and the gelatin soln. is hen mixed in. By eddn. of aq. liCHO and adjustment of , teinp. end pH, the emulsion is gelled and coated over the / , atlapulgite by rollers, sprays, or brushes, without a binder, * Cl. preceding abstr. Blanche B. White d/1 v /4 .CrVystal violet lactone. Nathan N. Cro.u.n.se (to Sterling / T>rug Inc.). U.S. 2,742,463, Apr. 17,1066. Crystal violet: lactone (I) was prepd. In improved yield and purity by o*l-' elation of f-i4,4'bl$(dimethylerotoo)benebydrylh$^li- methyjamlnobentolc add (II) in the presence of C*H or loner alkylated bentents. XI (10.6 g.) stirred with 200 tal. HjO and 100 ml. C.H*, 0 g. KMnO, In 200 ml, H*0 added in 1 hr. at 28-30*, 6 %. BaCb.SHrO added, 6 f. activated C and 6 g. diatom*.eeoui earth added eftcr^iala., the ratal. stirred 20 min,, filtered, the solid washed with 100 ml. C*tU, "* the Cilli layer srrpd. from the combined filtrate end wash ings and coned, to 76 ml., 160 ml. aliphatic hydrocarbon (Varnotcnc, b. 30D-406*F.) (Ill) added slowly with stirring, ami the solid filtered'oil, washed with 60 ml. Ill, and dried a in socks it 06* gave 13.0 g. I. m.J7ftcOP*. PbO, was also -- --* -- -- Wltlnr aient. Wills I. Guss ** ' Jo CVL ^c. 'Vt-nrT? '& * Ja-sj'------------- /A'/ /rtrtC-- iac*rl*. diir j/L -A A^C /Z . vdZ-e-- ^ <5? /, /O'?#*?* ' /4 S'*7 Itasensltitid sday-cested record sheets. MarWle J. Conoack and Ned A. Tbscker (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 2,777,760, Jan. 16,1057. Parts of the recelv- 4 big sheet ot a manifold system ataxLusnsllltfid and rendered- inconspicuous by application of hlxhlv Polar, colorless, non volatile or*, compdi. k fypl<^dttMAWtajgnV>n- * * lollows: OU parit oil tint base vehicle composed of a rntat. of llnsced^u VCriifatnrBfl reitnout binders. 25 parts 2.4,4-tri-**" methyl-S-oratoiInc. hnGJID' parts dodecylUlmeUiyiammo- etum chloride. This can be applied to the record material alone ee dbmtrtd b a vektik solvent. Cl. U.S. 2,648,806 (Cw4.45, 68406). O. J. C. Potter a C4 <; /7S'-Y/ / ?^'7 I Bphthoy1leuiemstbyIeDe fetus. Clyde S. Adams, ' Marjorie J. Cortuack, nnd Mary priir.irr (to Niiflotml" Cn\h It rubier Co,). U.S. 2,763,227, Peb. 20, 11167. Niiplitlmyi dcrlvs. of fcucoiiicthyfenc blue provide more light-stable color reactants lor'use In mninium meets fKsn thftraTToyl cmtipar.- The Zii SOliEIt salt oflcueoniethylenc _ brarO.u/OiT aii3 pyridine 1.26 is treated with stirring with " 2-nnplillioyl chloride (I) 0.131 moles, the mist. Is rclluxcd for I hr., poured into cold water 11., and stirred for 30 min., the brown scini-Milid ppt. is washed with water, stirred with NiiOH J7.f> g. in water 600 g. tor 30 min., and the elk. -- soln. is dicnntcd. Tlie seniisolid rtsitlut Is washed with wiitvr, nml extd. with Imt btntriie 2.2 1.; the dork bcutene vlii. is Itcntcd with Fuller's earth, filteteil, and tlie amber filirutc is coin'd, to 400 ml. and pptd. with potr. ether to , give light-yellow, cryst. J0-(2-nphtlioyl)-3.7-bis(ditiictliyl- A imiimi)|ilirnotliieiitic. 1-Nnnlithoyl chloride in place of 1 raw thr J-nn,,htliojl drrlv.. also light-yellow crystals. The cmpdj._wHI turn to a blue-pern cobr when in pro, rmxfd conUcl wlHx ii(Upulp(t or hafloytitc. B A, W. "3>e >4r<wt MAE 059924 WATER_PCB-SD0000071976 'on^ Nitre derivatives of bensoylleueometbylene blue. Clyde S. Atlhms, Marjorie J. Cormack, and Mftfy L. Frailer (to National Coslt Register Co.). V.S. 2,783,228, Feb. 20, 1057. The NOi derh'j. of I0-berttoyl-3,7-bis(diincthyl- aminolphrttnthinriur nrrwhlr more Ijhl-stable color (re- f acluntf for use In transfer routings on the rear surlaees of manifold sheets) than the unnitrated compd. Thus, the ZnCh double salt of leucotncthykne blue (1) 100 vras mixed with pyridine 225 and pulverised p-0NClL|COCI 76 part*. The tuixl. was refluxed lot 2 Ins. with slitiitti', {toured into MMX) |tarts Muter, wild sliireil for fit) min. 'I lie rhilk Itlne- guilt pjit. was filtered nfl, unshed with u.itir, nnd alined im .`HI min. with 40 mitts JsfnOll In KXX) mitts w.-iter. The 0 filtererl |.(t. wns cant, with thXtO parts hot C,ll*. The n- sidling rlmk soln. sens trented with Fuller's earth, fill mil, nnd the mngc-red filltitU- iniiril, to KIXI ml. nnd rfild. with petr. ether to give the />-OjNtVICO deriv. fll)of I, light firiinge-yellotr. The t-0,NC*tliCO drriv. *! II tens slmi- -- Iurly prepd. The 1 deiivs. berome intensely bine-green up on rmitiiet with nttripnlgilc nrltallnysile. F.r7iTW, y-f /K ,, __ C*-**-" CA-gj, A j <?s- 7 1~*VZ }^<rq Microscopic capsules containing oil. Barrett K. Green ft. and. Lowell Schleicher (to National Cash Register Co.). & o U.S. 2,800,457, July 23, 1857. Oikmntg. microscopic capsules of complex hydrophilic colloid material can be made by conccrvntlon"7tTroIl Is* emulsified to an nq. sol of a ' colloid, and this emulsion Is mixed with mi aq. col of another colloid, or, the 2 sols may be niiidc aud mixed and the oil emulsified In them. The resulting material can be used for coatings or films, protection oi oils against defloration, contineincnt of oil_odors, prevention ot the reaction of oils with othet substances (luring handling or storage, and the confinement ot mediclual oils to prevent their being laitxd. ....... ........................... .. .............. jj, j, Ferbcr Microscopic capiiulea containing oil. Barrett K. Green O' (to National Cash Register Co.). U.8. 2,800,458, July * 23, 1D57. Oil-contf. microscopic capsules of tellable hydrophilic colloid material (I) can be made by emulsifying an oil with an aq. nfloTI and then adding an aq. ooaccrvate salt, such as (NHf)rSOf or Na>SOi, aoln. to bring the emuL sion Into cbfteervate region as shown by clouding. The / procedure Is performed at a temp, above the gelation point ' of I, and I deposits around each pH droplet by eoacervate forces, encapsulating each droplet. I is finally gelled by ' cooling. B. 1. Fcrber tU / '7't'l 4 tv i Printing fluid containing a rad dya arid crystal violel lac *- lane. BsrTett K. Oreen (to National Cash Register Co.), 1* D.6. 2,050,905, Sept. 2, i058. A printing fluid la prc|x). from SudjiflJIl 3, crystal violet lactone (3,3-bL*(p~dimethyl* . amluophenylH)-dirnethylantR6phlhallde) 8, nd_ chlori nated binhenvl f4fi% Cl content) 04 parts by vrt.'Thls is prliilco in a suitable manner onto a paper aeasltited witb__ an adsorbent material (1), prepd. by 20% by wt. dispersing starch In water ot SO0*F. for 16 min. and then cooling to room temp. A 25% attamdrite dispersion In water <4 parts) Is then ndded to 1 part by wl. I, and a 0.0006-lnch- thlclc coaling Is applied to the paper base and dried. On the f rensltlied mateml, the printed Image ts dark purple in color and la formed Immediately. On ensenaitued roa- terial, the Image remains red. .. "V. L. Merquart \Cf>fX>WS^irrv ^ O-X-X /VfjP-i-C. y n "P jl CVL* *Ly, i ^1 y "Ci \ imudii 5,,zs WATER.PCB-SD0000071977 0* <")' Preiture-tenslijve transfer record sheet. Ifcnrv S. Pern -ti e r*l'i'S'N fccM'jichfrr (to National Cash Newsier Co.). u.5. g,932,587, Apr. J2,.JP00. A supporting sheet of tissue pnprf u coaled with microscopic prcssure-ruptnruhlc rajw *n|cr cni11 g .aiI cvnimrahlc 'ml vent, aucn.ns <lirl inincnttnc '/'vivs'*1 dichloroelliune. toluene, or xylcticl This cooled u * 'ft MA,en. f'Ttcgnlcd with a solvein\oln. of rhlorimilrd (i>r[.n)j^iii)E. ntnn-S<a:~rivc. Wnn'riiwTrns a trauslcr sheet, att impression ol a ty)>cwritcr or nf n writing Instrument onuses the roptulrx to rupture, releasing tlie solvciil winch dissolves the dye on the surface coaling. This ..transfers dyt to the receiving sheet. The capsule* are -11111^1ffi*-fevtP'ulsifving 80s. 1 in 2(1 g. pun nrnbicVlis- ' solved jn 180g.H,O, A 2ml ml. fs prepd. from 20 g. pork grlMm (isoclrc. point pH 8) and 100 g. H,0. These dispcrsions arc mixed together, and 11,0 is ndded dronwise un til cnaeervation of the polymer is initiated nml the desired ' amt. of material !i deposited around the I droplets. When *'{?} Ji'e "PltS? are httdenert by treating tire dispersion ,ir P n'.rl7% HCHO at pH 8-11 for a min. of 10 min. ouiucient H,0 is Uitn added to permit coaling oil the eup- JMliiiS well of |st|Kt to n thickness of tl.ODOti in. TJ,C -1"' CiiliXfiMit*. coHtius IK then applied mill diinl. V, L. hfuMpinrl . - Jo* If <1 Of* Cfr s-sr /c4/<r / (Jft/). ' Uii-comttnmg capsules. ori itrynxo (to National Cash Register Co.). li.S. 2,969,330, Ian. 24, 1601. Oil-eontg. capsules are made by first dissolving at least one oolvinerlt- abile monomer In nn oil or H,0-immiselbfe liquid In which tlie . pTiiyniHtirnTiionomer is Insol. The aoln. is then dispersed a as droplets in a polar liquid where (he monomcrjs^cstalyli* eally polymeriiccT The polymeric, product", now' insol., moves to the oil-polar liquid Interfaces and forms a solid wall around each oil droplet. This results In discrete," pressure-,, rupiurobie, SuCi-tatiTtally --spherical, oil-contg. capsules. Thus, a polar liquid is first prepd. by dissolving fi g.gum arable (emulsifying" agent) in 600 cc. -H,0. Into this is emulsified a acini'previously heated to 66* for 16-20 min. to initiate polymerisation confr. dichlproblphtnyl 78, a 10:1 aoln. of atvrene monomer and divinylbentcne 2(1, crystal violet lartonc 2% by w(.. and 36 thg. Bi,U, catalyst. The polymerisation is carried out at 66* for 4 hra. with agitation. The product can be directly coated on to paper leaving a ' coating of the capsules. After drying, the capsules can be"" ruptured by pressure to release the color which then, acta as a printing Ink. In place of the dichloroblphtnvira dispersed *1 folid, tucli as C black, may be used. The oils have dissolved therein ay/r, ink), t-n(uma, aAiytrer, mtdieintt, or tkem. j teocionh which fused pnys. protection arainst deterioration, evapn., and handling pressures. Cf. following tbslr. r " " Bfdnty Bra vermin Dnal-wallad, o3-containing eapscdei. Carl Brynko and Joseph A. Bcarpelli (to National Cosh Register Co.). U.6." 2,069,331, Jan. 24, 1601. Oils are encapsulated by 2 larera of solid material. Tlie Inner layer fs a polymerised monomer and tlie outer is a hydrophllic'colloid deposited by enactrvate forces from a polar aolvent in whtch the colloid naa been dia- . persed. Thus, an interna! oil-monomer phase is prepd. by * dissolving styrene, monomer 8, dlvlnylbtnrent monomer 2, ' "hcnsoyl leuco methylene blue 4, cryrta) violet lactone 6, and TUiOs catnlyst 0.03 in dlchloroblphenyl lJOg. The phase h then heated to 85* for 8 min. to Initiate polymer!ration.-- An exlemal phase is prepd. at 66* by dissolving 20 g. gum arable and 0.26 g. KsSiO, In 1220 g. HsO and then adjust ing the pH to 0.6 Into this phase Is mixed 100 g. of the internal phase emulsified In 182 g. of an aq. to!, enntg. 11% . by wt. gelatin. The system is mixed at 66* while the pH A is slowly adjusted to 4.6. This inducts coacervetion, the internal phase droplets acting as seeding points to form the liquid rotlotd outer capsule walls. Tlie system Is then chilled to 16* to cause gelation of Ihe colloid material around the polymer walls of each droplet forming the dual-trailed capsules. The colloid walls around the capsules eon be hardened bv the eddn, of 3.8 cc. cf a soln. of 37% HCHO In 11,0 and it g. of a C% aq. aoln. of a nialtic anhydride co- polymrr. preferably before chdRng. In another example 4 TTrilidne l tneaiuulatceJ, with the monomer potymrrlied in the emulsion nilxt. In like fashion pi'gmeir, dyu, futlt, and ncctenh may be encapsulated. Cf. preceding abstr. Blanty Brave-man ddN-fiix-w- go--a ^ ^ r e^t-VX-4-vo tr (cs &U-1 A1 C nn M<r- farY* **"> CYL C ?) / ^ r*" &4>.lu\ pi 4 y, /ywt. Cl l ii n i {Zf6-t Aavw4u . If* p I HI U ^7 viL A? d d /ffk -- Ot,rj ^ f< rt i, ^ MAE 059926 WATER_PCB-SD0000071978 A */( 9 * (/9C3/ Mlcroacopie gulatln capsule*. William II. Anthony (to * National Cash Register Co.). U.S. i.Otl.288 (Cl. 262-310), June 20. 1902, Appl. Dec. 22, 1958; 1 p. The walla of the capsules consist of high-mol.-wt. aflntin. The capsules coulmn ' tingle drop of 2 parlVmtriehtnrDlnbficnvl and I part of light petroleum distillate (I). Gelatin provides a strong wall around _inIncap(lm*ifv>eBdUro"p'i,'--andJ-`t-h-u--s--e1lim' inate*.s..t.h..e...t.e..n.d..e..ncy of the capsule* CSl *tSV/ A O'* 6 *,> . ,V:-> *3 I -*,i ft) t - : .......... *' *vv f *nu tiM _ Vj l.U' dM,|>* 1-3 * in diMn> Tl,r emitWon (03 V.) ,............ .... m niMii. iiiu ii n*r arm me pit nrtji fclfW Li J2*lt&-? .- *jf 4';vVto 7; fi.fi t. of gum arahie in 200 ml. the inixt; is Mitred and cooled to 8*, 10% AcOH within 30 min. The a1pn1rd*o0ad, cuaicldstoifieoisdf _ptloHtap7iii,kIiis4)t f.aa3l^tld.wwdaeiinttdhhd, -- strengthened by treating with 103 ml. of 37% formalin. After 230 min., the pH is raised to 10.6. This method is useful for enc'ap"'s-u"l'a-`tion corpora ted in of eolnriiir material. pnpermaking. Cl. CA The capsules ccaanll 31, I6842rf. ft. K be inLiin M>-<4>reiture-ensltlve and transfer (beet material. Theodore Mnicisou (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 1,104,980 (Cl. 117-30.4), Sept. 24. 1903, Appl. Oct. 3, 1900; 7 pp. An im- i proved iiressure-scnsllive material is prepd. by coating a porous web, e.g. pniiei, with a dis|icrion of a material, colored or jhjtcntial!yjer'ivit'd, and layinr dm*'" ---- Hiis a polymer film hi n 4i5U9.SLP^hloroct)iy]j^,..VJ nnn*sn naphtha P4.fi.T33f ^l8nlin^0ht^ulttBajgXlllgP brown DNYatogye) _SuJUmtJ. Dispwilon 1 was treated InTcolloid mill (1V=16 R), the pH was adjusted to 4.6 with AcOH (J4%), and the gelatin hardened by the nddn, of 6.2 patu glutaraldehvde. This dis- ptrtipn was coated onto paper and over-coated with a polymer. aoln._prcpd._by dissolving 40 part* of atyrene-malelc anhydride d C|m!ymcr (Lytron 82) in 800 part* wafer..TKe'pH was adJutted to A with 20% LIOH and 10 part* of polyethylene elvcol monolawrate 400 added. B. H. Wheeler Of p?/ ^ 4* Encapsulation.* Carl Brynko*and Joseph A. Baican (to Na-^ tkmal Cash Register Co.). U.S. 6,116,206 (Cl. 167-83), Dec. 81,1903, Appl. L>cc. 22,1901; 8 pp. Minute capsules enclosing " 'a water-lmmisciblc core material can be made by disperaing a watcr-lmmisclble materia! in an aq. alk. aoln. of tern or de- nmlnated *eln and by lowering the pH of the ayatem with con tinued agitation to below 6.6. The wait material Is made water ing). by treatment of the capsules with cross-linking agent* for h *c!n, e.g. with aldehyde*. H. C. Silberman %f ' ' '' $-r* c fa >' -7* m r<> ^.,1,... BA ^ a-* * jii yt fZ/.ri - ffl 'A ft* | , 4^ .^-ft|r|| ^ ........ ^ MAE 05992? WATER PCB-SD0000071979 CM C2, 0 Color-forming capsules for recording sheets. Ilrucc W. Brocket! (to National Cosh Register Co.)- U.S, 3,179,000 (Cl. 262-188.3), April 2(1, 1006, Appl. March 10, lftOO; 0 pp. The capsules consist of n rigid wnll ol film-forming jmlyiner surround ing nd forking up ilroplrls ofJiiO-iinmivcihlc material com* ptismg oreontg. fcl reactants, ttfd having a coaling assocd. with and ndhprcnl to the outside of the capsule wall, preferably consist* big of 11 colloidal, solid, discrete particles of nci'J-likr.WaLctinls reactive with tiic llniyi(l-CB tried readmit material but sepd. front phys- conjncl with it by .tltcxapsulcjval! unliijuplur'rd. Thu*, the HtO-uimuiciblc liquid capsulc-nuelrus material is made from 6 162 g. (richlorodiphcnyl and 1.6 g. low-viscosity Et cellulose heated to 220*r., cooled,to 20f)*F., and then 6.g, ciystal violet lactone aiid 3 g. brnroyl leueo methylene blue' are dissolved in the mist. This Is the internal phase of the capsule. Then, a tdln. of tO g. pigskinjclntin at pH 8 is formed in 320 g. 11*0. To ___this js added 26 g, of a 2% by wt, eq. sold, of polyelliylenc- .maleir anhydride and adjusted to 140*F. The internal pliase is poureululo litis eq. mist, and the system adjusted to pH 7, The intcntal phase is cuiulsiried into the aq. medium and contents until the drop sire of the internal phase liquid is ol the order of 1-2 p. The pH is then raised to 0 and 20 g. gum arobic dis solved hi 212 g. ol HiO it added, keeping the system adjusted to pH f>, heated, and in const, agitation. Then, 17-10 g. HjO, holding the system at 1/0*, it added and the condition of the system is gradually changed to formation of the complex coaccr* vote entities by lowering the pH over 10 tnln. to 4.6 by addn. of - eq.-AcOH. With continued agitation, the system it rapidly -- cooling in 0.6 hr. to 65*F. to cause setting to a firm condition and then agitated at 65*F. for 0.6 hr. Then there jf added 23(1 g. of an BQ..j)jsprrsion of colloidal SiOj. (35% solids; particle site 10-22 insTJ. Duniig 10 iuin.'of agitation, the particles ol SiOj deposit on the outside of each of the solidified walls ol the capsules as discrete entities. The capsules arc then hardened by addn. of tf 20 g. ol a 26% by wt. aq. glutaraldchyde toln., hardening being completed by agitation Ior several hrs. John H. Dittmar .. ^ <LV(- ^~~4 ) 1*7C*! * Produetfon of microccople capsule*. Carl Brynko and Joseph A. Bcorpelli (to National Cosh Register Co.). U.S. 3,160,637 (Cl. 263-316), June 22,1006, April. Dec. 81,1668 ; 6 pp. Sroatl particles of a water-Immiscible liquid or water-Ins.ol, solid . * are enenpsulsited by'the ervaeervate deposition of a hydrophilic col loid, the latter coagulated by acid, followed by a 2nd doposirton I a similar film-fotnicr. Examples arc gcJglin.(l)(lsoclcctrlc pH of about 8), muu arable (II), ends r>olycUiyknc=mnleic anhydride . copolymer (]U)."-Tlic solidified film Is hardened with cross-link- lug agents such ns HCHO or glutnratdchydc (IV). 1 (160 g. of an * 11 wt. % soln.) wus added to 1600 ml. H,0 at 36*.with stirring, which was continued during the addn. of the other materials. The pH was adjusted to 6; 160 g. of an 11 wt. %, aq. aoln.'of II was added, followed by 40 g. of a 2% by wt., aq. soln. of III ' (mol. -wt. 1W0-2O00, **DX 43-11n-Decanc was added - dropwisc as the core material under the sun see ol the moving"" liquid by h buret so that the drops were shcared-ofl and carried away by the rotation of the dispersion. The site, of the drops was regulated by the buret stopcock end the alining speed. Then the pH was lowered to 4.8 with 10% HOAc. Remnants of the mnlrrinl tint deposited on the liquid droplets were re- a turned to the otiginnl stale by raising the pH to 0.8 with 10% NaOlt. Then 40 (. of a 2 wt. % aq. soln. of HI (mol. wt. 00,000 to 70,W0, "DX 843-31") was odded and tiic pH was lowered to 6 with 10% HOAc. The temp, was lowered to 13* and 0.6 ml. of a 25 wt. % nq. soln. of IV per g. of 1 was added. HCHO may be used In the amt. of 0.10 ml. of a 37 wt. % aq. soln. per g. ol I,--- In whlrli cose the pH Is raised lo 7-6. The capsules were re covered by filtration, centrifugation, or spray drying. The cap sule! msy contain drun. foods, futl.s, cnens. reactants, elec. and mafneTIc materials,'perfumes, or flavoring substances, ----- - - Robert P. Doerge my -s ^H1 l "V 4df I.-V..II Ilf m r.tf .nr, -i r r* ti(,/r tf n ~ if irjini 4U ^1 i^nsr 4-^ MAE 059928 WATER_PCB-SD0000071980 cn Encapsulating lipophilic material by coactrvatlon. F.riV H.J ' Jensen (to National Cash Register Co.). U.S. 3,265,630 (Cl. 3,265,630 (Cl. 252-316), Aug. 9, 1W6, Appl. Die. 22, lf>58; 5 /r-a/s/ pji. A soln. ol an rlretrophorrlirallv chnrrcablc_alvimctiiiaicic -- Belt) copolymer (I) anti t min, ol an oppositely chnm'ahlp cclbihlr Conoid (liVc.g., gelatin, albumin, or casein, arc mixed in the C/4`0 pTcscncc of dispersed liponhilic'matcrUl (111), c.g., cottonseed or soybean oil, lard,.dr cliblcsi e'rol, at a temp. above the Relation temp, 601 at i'pll at wincTH Is cle'ctropliorctionlly charged anil 11 Is opiKssitely charred and at which significant liquid-liquid H phase tcpti. of 1 and 11 occuts. The fncapsii)nt,ioii..pl 111 with a mnntlr of 1 jmd 111 is thereby Induced. The iiiaiilTe is set by c^p.lmg the tji.ixt4.btlow tiie gelation temp, of 11, by mixing the cncapsulnU'(lPft>s!Li'itli a highly-activc carfronvl coinntl.. or by imtititainiug the meiTpsnrafed' produel a fa t'enip. above the gcla- tion temp, of 11 until the mantle sets. For example, add with mixiiiR 1 1. J1,S0 slowly to 20 kg. 25*. aq. soln. of the half Nn Salt of 1 (Dul'ont C,-042), stir for 0.6 hr., dll. with 5pah deipnir.cd 1?i9j stir for 0.6 hr., and centrifuge. Slurry the solidswith 5 gal. drlonited HiO and centrifuge. Dry the solids in on air dryer for 120 hrx. at 35*, grind to a coarse powder, and dry in an air drytr A at 36' for 40 hrs. to give an almost quant, yield of 1. Disperse 20 g. I nnd 6 g. Sea Kern, Type 1, fn 100 ml. propylene glycol. Add 600 ml. 1I0 ami hrat to 80*. Heal 60 nil, VitamliLA_oil-to 80*, emulsify it into the I toln. with a homogenUer, and add 20 g. gelatin dts)>emd in 100 ml. HiO at 80* dropwjse. Stir at 80* for 16 min., cool to 4* during 30 min., hold at 4* for 1 hr,, w>d add 20 ^ v/Ct'k ^ ml. 37% nq. lltCO, thru 10% aq. NaOH to give pll 8.0. Hold ^ for I In. at 4*, centrifuge, and resuspend the solid* In 1% HCL- and dry. Ned E. Jaffa . " cti tr/ VMS-? t- 44653a Heat-rupturable capsules. Herman J. Eichel (to f National Cash Register Oo.). U.S. 3,317,433 (Cl. 262-810), May 2, 1067, Appl. Oct. S3, 1068, and Jan. 27, 1960; 4 p. Capsules of minute site that can be ruptured by the application of heat to expose the capsule contents are described. The cap sule consists essentially of a waler-insol. core material aurrounded by a seamiest gas pressure-rupturable solid wall of hydrophilic fiiui-forming polymeric material, t.g. gelatin. A heat activatable material, when heated above an elevated predetd. temp., rapidly evolves an amt. ol gas exerting a pressure suflicicnt to rupture the capsule wall Abruptly, thereby releasing the confined core material. The heat eetivaUblc material may be solid or liquid, and is selected from the group consisting of p,p'oxybis(benrcnetulfonyl hydrasid':), azodicarbontmide, and dinkrosopcoto.methylenetctramlne or from CBrF,CBrFi, CC1,FCCIF, and CCliFCCl,F. The beat activatable material may be elthtr in the capsule wall or core material or in both locations. S. C. Cubbage A- rvt-ac. -iA- *tu, IT t*I in. -p'lpgnt ? -1^ *46 WATER_PCB-SD0000071981 Y< C/1 liJtc . / Copying material. Nnlimml Cash Register Co. Ger. ' 931,591, Ann. II, lOW (Cl. 1fif. ?*,). F<.|wr coaled will. * an w(cr >ay of wax or Another inessurc-sensilivc limit-rial mid mT tiincf layer'of dye, wliicli docs hot~Mam adjacent . pntier oii occidental piossute, is produced by mlini\t. of i -- 10% cellulose fibcn lo the inner layer; Uic latter consists f of n celalLi.tciiiiilsIoiiin whiriumniicnntr. a dye it dispersed. ; The kv. length of the fibers should exceed the av. <lmm. of the oil droplets. In oii example. l.$ parts crystal violet ' hictonr aodl.fi pints beiuoyl leucometliyleiic blue 'arc 0 dissolver! Hi oily, chloi united bijihyiiyl (approx. 43% Cl). : TJicii 1-J0% (preferably 4%) of o-ccllulose fibers (hv. J length 35 p) Is added to give the inner phnie. );or the outer J phase one part anim:i] grlaxiu (isoclcc.; point at pH S; : __ gelling power 276 g. InTdootu gcloinefcr) is dispersed in water 1 nt G5* to give a sol. In 4 parts of the latter, 3 jiarts of the oil (plus the wt. of the fibers) nre emulsified by stirring for 30 min. (dbm. of droplets it.5-3.6p). The tulxt. {supplied while hot onto tlic paper (o give a layer of 0.025 rum. when dry. h ... } Ktar Copying paper. National Cash Register Co. Ger. J 1,001,292, Jan. 24, 1057 (Cl. 15*). The manuf. of * coaling substance for paper is described which contains a 4 S'4''/. clay or a xtolite lu sma. dispersion at a binding agent. A ' * * Writing or pressure fltiuf coTilgiTByt former is used lo obtain . " a visible, colof; lu the'1st step, the aqV 'dispersion ol a ' / & ) } binding agent Is prepd., e.g. from a casein soln., latex, Na 1* / 1 pycppltosplmle, or_Na illiente. In lhe"5nd step, the'elay of aeomcTi added in llie for'iH~6f a dry fine powder. ' '' r R. Degenkolbe d l/ L 'UL m u t Al ^ ^V*y-*s {icy fv OU-contalnlng microcapiules suitable for magnetic re~ 9 cording. National Cash Register Co. Ger. 1,082,282, e May 25, 1000 (Cl. 16A), Black or red Be oxide, He car bonyl, Nl, Co, etc., may be used as magnetic substances. The capsules capable of being broken by pressure consist of gclatju or gum arable anti have B dUm. of 3-160 #. They comprise chldrTiiatcd biphenyl or a light petroleum fraction. "" The magnetic powderroii niole'ratio is 1:2; oleic acid, Zn atcaratc. or di-Pb phtlialote may be used as digptying or wetting, agents. Thus, 100 g. trichlorobipheoyl. 30 g. black 'magnetic Fe oxide of 1 p particle tire, 0.1 *. Zn j at ex rate, and 1 g. dloctyl phthalatt were mixed and adjusted * to pH 6.6 to give eofu. (a1. Then 20 g. pigskin gelatin was dissolved In 100 g. HiO at pH 6 and kept at 65* to obtain soln. (6). Approx. 20 g. gum arable was dissolved ' In 100 g. HiO at pH 0.6 end 65* to gtve aoln. (e). Soln.-- (n) was emulsified in (6) up to a drop alee ot 10.#. Then soln. (e) was added at 55*. About 400 g. of this mint. was dild. to 11. with HiO of 55* (pH 4.7), and 2.7 cc. of a 37% >q. HCHO soln. was added at 0*. Ten g> of a 6%`ktj. soln. of the po!jr(-vinyl Kt etber) of snatelc anhydride was added ^ at <10*. Finally, the pH was adjusted to 0-10. *// P .. ` .^ W. "IP A P " C4. /YZ<Sz c * Fratfura-sensltlve copying papsr. National Cash Register J : Co. Ger. 1,152,429 (Cl. 15*). Aug. 8. IWW; U.S. Aopl. May 20, HIM; 2 p|>. According in tf.R. I^AK^ICA fill Of,), nnper coalings contg. ittanuliitc or another adsorbent capable of Ion txehaiigr, such as tcohtc, react with nr*, colorjnruicra, e.g. cf Cryslat Violet lactone) to yield a dye Ini'uession when subjected to'picsMire." lly using 3.B-2(l% Na silinitr. tlie irmli'iirv of such roniinj^ in which various truulcrs may Iw einnluv.VlL-loJrrltt Ve il cm during sloiage j> reduced, hor exainnlr, a eiatiiigis orepd. ermtg. atlapulgitr 10), 36 or 41* Be. Na silicate vilo. 10, white dextrin JlXt, and water 232 parts by w(. (J. A. Wiesehahn yc A a i,, axa o5"50 WATER_PCB-SD0000071982 in -to /7^5'< 7 > Small heabbreakabie capsule*. National nsli Register Co.TM Oer. 1,151,784 (Cl. B 01;>, July 26, IPfi3; U.S. A|.|l, Ocl. 23. Jfl.'iK; 6 pp. A substance that yields gas on heating (l) is itt- coriKinm'tNii emiteut or shell ol capsules itmde hy (lisiicrting a hytltopliobic substance in a hydrophilic medium which farms the walls tyy rieirrrvnlmti. lixnmplc* lor 1 were A,p'-oxyhi(bci- . scnesulhuiyl hydtuiiilc) (H), ar.odicArbnxnmiilc, anti riinitroso- e ; |'r(nnicthylfiiclc(rininc, tlccompg. at 130*. Thus, 3 parts by I wt. dispersed In I? clilorinnlctl binhenvl of sp. gr. 1.378-1.3R8 contg_. a dissolved tlye, was'c'mulsifii.'irin 2P of a 3.6% pq. sold, ol pigskin gcj'.itin isnelcc. point at pH 8, at pH 0 gum arabk atilii. ol 11% nutl pH P was added, the emulsion dild. to 376 cc. and -- AcOH ntldctl to pll 4.G. The capsules thus formed were solidified at 10*. h.-irdcucd by adding 0.8 parts of a 26% glulsrnldchydc soln., and water removed by filtration or spray^Jryiug. Such capsules can be used ns ^arrJjgjjjf iuels, vitamins, perfumes, ad- hesjvcSi piguiculi^p;.fkt-tSitU8ui>liiui Oil&litls. ~ Eduard Farber d / Small capsules containing oil. Natlumd Cash Hcgistcr Co. (hy hvricit N. fbcstaml. lirih II. Jensen, mid Peter !). Mcistrr). C, 1.1M.323 (Cl. It til*), Dec. 3J, mat; tl.S. Appl. Dec. 22, ItUi; 12 pp. Very small cnnsnlcs conic, rfyecrnl rmnlsifitcl at (SI with 100 cc. peanut nil ctmtg. 1 g, hvdrofcimled castor or] arc prrpd. hy nusiiif (he cmitlsmu with a sol prrjxl. from 10 g.-- slrrtjif-inafir arid polymer with a mol, wl. of 120,000 riissnlvcd ,V 500 cc. Jl*0. 7 In- cnmUion arid *<} mixt. arc added elowly to 1200 cc. of a 20% NaiSO, soln. at 80* while stirring vigorously. To aid hardening the capsulrs formed, 20(1 cc'. of 38% IIOAc is added, after which thHinrthmd capsules nrtTillrml of! hikI dried. Other emulsions can be similarly earcapstilHtid'. ' ~. IVIit II. I.cdermnn .. < (inr *-r-Zrv- h Mkreaevplc baada, eestalalag tywpfaybc material we tbs in- Sf tn. aids, proddead by complex teaearratioo. National Cash Regis*"' ter Co. (by Erik H. Jen sen). Oar. 1,185,US (Cl. B 01g). Jan. /e t'3'2- 4 SI. It-W; VJS. Appl. Dec. S3, 1868; 4 pp. One I. ehtro. pure H>90< was atowiy tAdsd wader agitation to SO kg. of a 36% *q. (hay Q aoln. of a Na half wilt of a stmnctpgJck-acld copolymer. The f mist, wai atlrred for 30 mln,, difd. with 18.8 1. H0, atlrrcd for another 80 min., and centrifuged. The solid material was dis persed in IB.6 1. HiO, centrifuged, dried for 120 hr*. at *6 , ` ground, and dried again. The recovery of the copolymer was comptelc. The copolymer (20 g.) was mixed with 6g, carragcQL"^ 7 and dispersed in 100 cc. propylene glycol. After adding 0W cc. ' H.O, the mixt. was heated to 80* and 60 cc. vitamin A oil was emulsified In the copolymer. A soln. of 20 g. tdiMJn 100 cc. 1,6, heoted to 80% was added dropwlst to the emulsion. Alter ` being bgilatcd for Himhi,, at 80*.the mixt. was cooled within 30,, min. to 4*, kept at 4* for 1 hr.. 20c e. 37% aq. HCHO added, and the pH adjusted to 8.0 with 107c *< NaOH. After keeping lot 1 hr. at 4\ the solid msterlsi was collected by centrifugation, resuspended /or IInmr1c%U iiHlnOg,.JannMdrtddrioefd.IICaH-OOx.oprJoipliitnfniliatlldi ehyde was # .. -d rc JU ) MAE 059931 WATER PCB-SD0000071983 ivVi, (/ c *-y ri'w'Sr'ito / V^7"2~ cntg..20 *. turn Ij.ernuUlfirrt in 26 cc. corn oil coutg. <1.25 . hydrated castor oil a* stiibilir.cr. Gchitin (10 g.) in dissolved in 100 cc. H0 at 40*. Roth solus. arc aftilril slowly with agitation o 100 cc. aq. NniSO (20% wt./vol.) at 40*. Alter complete phase sepn., the soln. is cooler! to 6* and it* pH adjusted to (1.6 " 0 by 1D% NaOll. HtCO is' sddedfor hnnlming. After I hr. at 6*, the cnacervute is removed by 'criifrifugation, washed, and *pray-dried at Sir'. Tin product i* a fertilizer which, slowly releases N. Similarly i particles containing ascorbic acid astoddrr m*ls. and partielea contj. iorhiUn' nioiiiSolfalr arc pioflirccil. ~ Jchtidah Kliassaf . Very email partielea containing a Mould emulsified in ollj produced by coacervation. National Cash Register Co. (by Jivrrelt N. Iliestiiiirf, l?rik H. Jensen, and Peter I). Mirstir). Ger. 1,1(15,154 (Cl. II 01*1, Jan. 14, I DOS; U.S. Appl. Ucc. 22, H)6R; 3 |>p. Very sirmlt particles contninin* an emulsion of a b hydrophilic UQuJhl lit oil arc produced by adding a stabiliser to the emulsion and coaccrvating .In the presence of an aq. spin, of a hydrophilic colloid and either a^styrrne-ntalck add copolymer (I), a styrene-maleic acid amide copolymer or a carbohydrate acetate phlhotiitr. Thus.'lTXl'g'.'iflilmal hydrate dissolved in SO cc. n,0 is emulsified at />0*"nl7S cc.~nimmToir eonti. 25 g. "bceswni, 1 (75 g.) is dissolved hi H|OT>y~Teatmg tcT70* and adding 10% aq. NaOll to bring the pll to 7-8. The copolymer aoln. Is dispersed In the emulsion under const, agitation. A toln. of 7ft g. gelatin in 600 cc. H>0, at pH 7 (NsOH), h added drop- wise at 70*. followed by dropwisc addn. of HOAc to lower tht - pH to 4.6. After atirrinp for 30 min. at 70*. the mist, is kept below C* for 1 hr. and 7fi c. of 37% H,CO 1* added. After 1 hr. the pH is raised to 8 by addn. of NaOH. The coacervale U filtered, washed with H|0. and freere dried at 40*. Slow acting fertilisers, fuimlcldes, and bactericides art produced; TRe ^ tnrlhod is also applied to ntlsU- In animal foods, In cosrnflics. and -- drugs. ------------ -------------- -- `' "Tthudsh KttuSl C/l Capsules of hydrophilic aubaUnoes. National Cash Register Co. (by Everett N. Hlestsnd, JoHtTG. Wagner, and Edwin U. Knoechel). Ger. 1,185,155 (Cl B 01g), Jsn. 14, 1P06; U.S. Appl. Dee. 22, 1068; 6 pp. Hydrophilic substenccs can be encapsulated bv dispersion In a nonaq. liquid coatinr with hydropEobic eoaecrvalf. collecting and drying, and finally coat* Int with a hvqronhTTfr coKtrvartl' Thus. 80 Ns (2,4-dichloro- phenoxyIscttate (I) is suspended in 300 cc. trichloroethylene conlf. lOTTbentvl cellulose. Than seph. it brought about by ddii. of FrOli (61% vol./vol.), thereby encapsulating 1. After collecting by centrifugation, washing and drying, the capsule* art euspendfri at 40-60* in POO cc. HiO contg. 100 g. dissolved gelatin, from which they are pptd. with a costing of gelatin by addn. of BtOH. After cooling to u*"and sepn. by centrifugation, the capsule* are washed and dried. The htrbiddtl action pH kjkxtftsLflown. Cosmetics and drugs, Tuch as *_Kor5lc"5HH; pancetatln, and methybcopoltmlnc-HBr, are similarly. en capsulated. * ~ Jehudah Elisst&l -- Minute tapsulos by eoscerration. National Cash Register Co. Oer. 1,186,828 (Cl B 01|>, Fclh. I.I.,. I-P--O--f-t-; U---.-S--. Appl. ytic> Nov. 4, 1000; 2 pp. Minute, capsules enclosing water-insoj, aollrl or liquid nmlerlnl* are proiluecd by cnnci'rvhUon of a * (41?) "trynioEliilic fiim-lnrmmg mnernpolyiMcr hi un nq. wilu. Pot , cxnmplr, n mist, of 20 g. uiy skin gelatin (Ivwlrc. imlnt nt pll b B.P), PH0 g. water, 800 cc. ol 20 wt. %'(NH,))S0i nq. aoln., and 200 cc. of iiinii.r oil Is prtpd. 'she niui. is warmed to 36-60*, stirred until liquid wsllrd espsutes art formed, which become self* supporting upon cooling to room temp. Hnkr.c Chon (m-/ tZZrvs-/ nuiTii tM^ir^lf m\ a* A* * > *--- -uZS: /<^ ^i. f //<* r\ ^ .t -- * 1J J HAE 059932 WATER_PCB-SD0000071984 & CA i2; /ci <1 Preparation of very small capsule*. National Cash Register Co. Gar. 1,169,050 (Cl. D 01(1, March 18, 1W05; U.S. Appl. Oct. 28, 1000; 2 pp. The liquid or solid to be encapsulated is disposed In an ore. solvent route, a hydrophobic tiolvtncr such a* Et cellulose, polytWe mHTtacTyTisfe'7 or celiulosc acetate. After formation of a polymer coatin{ around the particle by beating to 70*. etldn. of a petroleum distillate b. >70' promotes phase sepn, .and capsule recovery. " ' `* ... T. F. Canning -.,m cm c.yy /&C </c> {/*{< J Recording papers with attapulgtU. National Cash Register^ Co. Neth. Appl. 6,505,671 (Cl. li 41m}, Nov. 8, 1005; U.Sr Appl. May 6, 1U04; 7 pp. Attapulgite is used as oil-absorbing coating on recording papers for color formation from colorless __ chronmgcnic compds. by electron rirmnr-ntffntor reactions. The high surface activity *' `" tract aim. impumics By Wfftiairrbt SO....... mu v. vV v?rvw* metals Zn, Co, Hr, Ca, Sr, hTg7MjV,PoTor Ni. this contamination Is ntiiTtmtaff: Also UifcdaUng wt. can be reduced to 3 g ./<) p m. from 7.4-8.0 |:. used previously, whereby the handling of the paper is facilitated. In an example, 20 parts ZnCIt is dissolved in 240 parts water, 100 parts attapulglte-clay Is added in a high speed mixer, followed by 40 parts each of the latex of butyl rub ber and ttherlfied starch. G. A. Wkachahn ((*(<>) r nessure- and heat-sensitive copy materials. National Cash `enter Co. Nath. Appl. 6,505,970 (Cl. B 41m), Nov. 12, toi; U.S. Appl. May 11, 1904 ; 24 pp. dntveii by chem. reaction between a Image liquid formation is chromophore h sd'iscd in tnicfoacopic bfessurc-rupturable pnlvmgr capsules "d a aorutallylMhL VAPODtabir, compemwl. ill the form of **<lcf ptrUcles. Prosurc causer the capaules to release the lor reaction with the eolid eomponcntj jrhtrtat ileat Nterx brVnfrthe viporlxcd >5113 Toto contact with tht vapor- permeable capsules. Five type* of reaction* are suggested: ) (f) Lewis acid, ot Bronstcd acid, plus a base (p-nitrobcnzcnc- diatonlum fluoroborate) liberating BF or.4.4 -lsouroovlidene- diphcnol, resp., with a soln. of Crystal violet lactone or.bciizpyV,' irtrcoincUiylOTg blurrT27 trahsTef complex formation from'Lewis 0 and pluflbase (IcTracyanoethylcnc with benzene or xylene): (J) double deoompn. ((NH,)S with Co naphthenatc); (g) chelate formation by double decoinpn. (dithiooxarnide with Ctt oicatc): and (6) oxldn.-rcdn. reactions .(N-bromosucdnimide . with bcntoyllcucoinetliylcnc blue). The 2 reagents may be' coated on scp. sneas, torming an assembly In conUet with each "other; they may be coated on Kit surface of a common support (poper film), or one may be distributed in the Support, the other ' coated on Its surface. For >imi,lc, Crystal violet laclpnt in ` chlarinqlt(l biplituvL-JcUoltum ether spin, it dispersed in rj.* 11% gelatin, coactjytttdjvjtb.gumjrrahir tnrU.-vjjyl Mrglhfr- ** ) fttuttlf ShTrydride*c<-7>olynier, the resulting capsules arc hardened withTiTularaidthyne-acetic add tnixl., and 4 parts of the cap* - rules art mixed with 1 part of a dispersion o( 4,4 Msopropylidene- diphenol fn aq. hydrozyethyljcelKdose for coating onJhlm to a "dry wt of b.bzhil'/m? C. A. Wdsehahn , ffC & fu-p-c, uJU . 1 yfa?*+*+*? A-. C */> r d</t- ~TJ l sri T3 *) y4lin a Cd.jZjr, 7- Preatera-amltlva copy materials. National Cash Register > Co. Nath. Appl. 6,511,124 (a. B <lm), Peb. 28, 1000; U.S. Appl. Aug. 2/, 1004; 28 pp. In previous materials in which writing pressure releases a color component by rupturing micro capsules (6-10eonlg. a solo, of It to form ajlye In contact with ' a slice! carrying an attapulgite coaling. the Totter tends to lose its reactivity withTim c. appnfcnfly'durto absorption ol substances from the atm. Tills deterioration is avoided by use of*a resin sol, fn the solvent ftfiThc encapsulated bssicjcolptjprnier and.with fccitlic gtoupi ld~rccT~with tlic~IaTIcr. A suitable combination _ isTliat of crystal violet lactone wilha jt>-phrnyliihtno!-UCHO rcaln The polymer nixy bc uscd'asTTnc particle's or as solute dropTcls. Capsules and polymer may be on scp. carriers or on a single sheet and 'niy'T>rp7scnT as lyus or distributed (hroughoiit the paper or film mas*................................ ......... C. A. Weiehehn /V. a , r/ fSC. K Swl t* MAE 059933 *< WATER_PCB-SD0000071985 ca ^ / {!<?< V 3J0J5v Recording matcrlat. National ^'InJ.r^'tVs^Ant^ (by Helmut Schwab). Belg. ^nnlfng iiKVSiliMw tUOpIrtTwpd. mJW ";"XoU tnrdmin rencting with the liquid to (orm n "!'aKe J. ,, ' vstp<,r toriior layor. Tito snluLyapodys on htMm% pnennitetit-rJa.tieystr thUe,mbsufornr esrysltaeymesr etonngbivee v*" *A'r*id'N*is^c rchdnx4,.Vo-r ^>P(K 1 Cvt efi zr IC/S~7 C/tc 1) 65157J itfanufncture of smell capsules by coating with cellu lose ethers cr other polymers. Notions! Cash Register Co, Ntlh. Appl. 6,611,661 (Cl. II 0Ij), Feb. VO, 1007; U.S. Appl. Aug. 18, 1905; 18 pp. Small pirmilcs ere prepd. by coaling e core material with s hydrophobic polymer by liquid-liquid phase sepn. The solvent is chosen so as to give increased soly. of the polymer with increased temp, slid phase sepn. is brought about by cooling. Thus, 2 g. Kt cellulose eontg. <7.5-49% KlO groups and with o viscosity of 22 ep. in a 5% soln. in 80% EtOH at 26* was dissolved in 98 g. boiling cyclohexane to form a clear solu. Mglh (8 g.) particles (20-40 y) were added and the mixl. cooled torobm tetnp. with stirring. Particles uniformly coated with Et cellulose and with little tendency to aggregation were ob tained. With a more dil. soln. of the Et cellulose, even better wall formation was. obtained. Similar coatings were obtained by pptn. of ethyl hydroxyetliyl cellulose from petroleum distillate fractions, poly(ch)orotrifluoroelhylcne) from iso-BuCOMe, or Et cellulose from mlxt. of cyclohexane and hexane. The pro cess can also be used for encapsulation of liquids. CWPZ -gu-r*- 3^ MN*- CA < 7 v&yye S JJfi Imorovemoot of the physical characteristic! of to- 1 acerrate membranes. National Cash Register Co. (by Duvid 9 E. Outtman). Fr. 1,468,602 (Cl. B Oty). Feb. 10, 1905; V. Appl. Dec. 22, 1058; 8 pp. Membranes eontg. gelifying hydro philic colloid (I) were mude. Coaccrvatcs, with pli <7, were cooled below the gelifiention point of I and treated In acidic medium with alum having the formula M'M'"fS)i.l2HiO, where M' is a univalent alkali inetnt (K), M"' a trivalent metal (AI.Fe.Cr), and S a sulfate or solcmUe. The dry product contained: a coating of 1, lyophilic type aolid particles, and an ol! tmulilon of hydrophilic liquid in oil or vice versa. ' Jugal K. Sharma C. tyuflaxA-v ^ CA *3, (? ^7^ WlcNieapstdas ooBUlalnr m amultloa of~cT in a L|U,r 1; National C*HlerUt Co. (by Everett N. Heiitand, Erik H. Jensen, and Peter D. Meister). Oar 1,246,216 (Cl. E M), Sept. 7,'l9C7; UE. Appl Dec. 1968 f. pp. Mirrocanwiles eontg. an emulsion of ofl in a hydrophilic Kir. 2^3s.T^V.',.-s3:rr * A I-ll copolymer (75 g<) dispersed in 1600 ml H>0 ^heated* ^ived r^i! wl",icit,,, 10% `>il the copi&me?di!.' T*VhI\ ? C f,nu*s'nn wns then dis|Ki*c<| i., the cmmlymcr 7to* $W), am' rt \ad*jus7te6d.*`to*cla4,p`'H1 woasf A7.d0dewd,iththe1d0i%speNrsnioOnIlheaTtehdi ot c,m,l*ion "d the c|>olymrr was then "c *>!> Immediately T the pH was adjusted to 3.9 will, a,Id... ,,l 20% AcOH The product was kept for 16 min. at 80*. thru cooled to 4 `within 37m'imCTfVn,f *,?* NnrUc.icrl by mldu. of 70 ml. of^ . W i I"'' "''fuMed to a pH of 8.0 with 10% NaOH and "as centrifuged, washed with 2% HCl' and dried in air. Other components used in similarly prend' ,0,C"-VC* ^^'aKJ^lilr^pMUUle, fibrinorCn,' aocannih.^iU ^SC,i corT6)l, peanut oil, scruiu albumin, urea.'traga- glycerol. 7 lit process is suitable for encapsulating *2. v*lamtx, drugs, or cosmrlics. lfNI'ti * d-d ft AA? dljytr^sssi v*.( L^o ^5 hae 05993A water_PCB-SD000007 1986 i cd t y/ ii'jrz. (/4 c e/ 60J12* Capsules of gelatinous polymeric material. National Cash Register Co. Ger. J,256,195 (Cl. U lllg), Die. 14, II.S. fjcpl. 14, 1001; 3 pp. Cnpsylcs til gelatinous, poly- motic. hydrophilic properties, contg. water-immiscible nmlcrials, arc prepd. by coaccivation, l<>wcringoM Itc_ (ci11p., unit innimain- 1k the temp. in the region of gchiliriitaiion until (lie desired wall tliickilt'sS is obtained. Thus, a mixt. of KXXI ml. water, 1HD ml. 11% nq. gelatin (isoclcc. point of 8.0), 180 ml. 11% nq. umbic gum, <0 ml. 2% at;. ethylcnc-malcic anhydride ci>)Mjlyimr (1) (mol. wl. 1500, pH 0), anil 40 ml. 2%1 soln. (mol. 100,000, ;>H 0) was agitated, the temp. raised to 38* end (hr j>H adjusted to fl.fi. To the system was then added 250 ml. 1'liMe (111 uud.agi- tnlinn mntinued until 1 was dispersed to a particle size of 500 ft. Coarervntlon units deposited themselves in tt 5 u layer on the 11 dtoplcl (luring which time the temp, was reduced over n period of 2t) min. to 25 5*. The deposition of the capsule-forming material continued until a 'thickness of 150-21X1 u was formed around each 11 droplet. Cooling was continued to 10* whereby the polymeric deposit gelatinised. The capsules were now finished unless.crosslinking was desired. BNPG cn , 7c Cf f 607O4w Mierotapsules costaInlog eB amulsion* In hydrophilic liquids. National Cash Register Co. (by Evtrett N. Hiestand, Erik H. Jensen, and Peter D. Meister). Ocr. 1,256,196 (Cl. BOIg), Dec. 14, 1007; U.S. Appl. Dec. 22,1968; 3 pp. Micro capsules that contain an tmulsion of an oil h a hydrophilic lit), kft^repd. by complex coaccrvaUon with an aq. dispersion of a (/ft r/ plating and Isodec. colloid, with the aridn. of a thickener to the hydrophilic phXe(s). Thus, 16 g. Me rellnluw wns added to a coin, of 60 g. urea In 25 tpl.TftO, The soln. was hented to 60*. ami 50 ml. pennujoil nt the Mine temp, wns emulsified, A coin, wns nrcpil. by dispersing 4(1 g. gf(alm ami 45 j*. nmcin gum in 4IX) ml. JiiO fit Ml* luxl the emulsion was then dispersed in (lie ruiln, with vigorous agitation. 11>0 (iiWKI nl.) nt 60* is then ndded dropwfse to Induce phase sepn. The mint, is then cooled to ~6* in 30 min. and held at this temp, for an nddnt. 10 inin. The pH is raised to 9.6 by adding 10% NaOlf and 40 ml. 37% 1) ClJO is added to harden the colloid envelope. The product then collected, washed with HtO, mill air dried nt (pi*. Other thickeners, e.R. trngacanth, CM-crDuhxe, nr poiyglyeol.s, can Ire used in equiv. amts, instead of Me cellulose. Similarly, other hydrophilic colloids, e.g. agar, albumin, nlginatcs, casein, and similar gelatin* isodec. colloids can be used instead of gelatin. The mierocapsules have an impermeable envelope and arc esp. suitable for slowly releasing agricultural compels., c.g. fertiliserj, plant nutrients, growth-hormones, and pesticides, or lor the ad ministration of vitamins or nutrients, as well as for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes. M. W. Weiss 'Gfr , fd Y&6 {nt?/ P64dr Bccapetxtcd ntrabls raalsa. National Cash Regis ter Co. Brit. 1,1W,,870 (Cl. B 65<f), March 6. 1908; ti.S. Appl. * Pth. 28, 1900; 8 pp. Minute capsules contain a curable liq. ' resin and have a continuous polymeric wall, with solid particles of a resin curing agent adhering to the outside of the wall, formed ' by phase sepn. In a soln. of the polymeric coating material. Tims, 20 g. pigskin gelatin and 20 g. gum arable were dissolved in 1120 g. distd. HiO at 60*. Hit pH was adjusted to 4.6 with . 20 wt.% aq. NaOH or 14 wt. % aq. HOAc, as required. The temp, was reduced to 40* and 100 g. uolvsnlfidc resin (LP-3) (I) was slowly poured into the warm system with stirring. The system was agitated until the desired resin globule size was obtoined, and cooled to 26* aod then to <10*, maintaining agita tion. At <10*. 10 ml. 25 wt.% aq. pcnlaiicdiot wns added. The mist, was stirred 10 br*. as the temp, was gradually increased to 25*, and filtered. The filter cake was dispersed in 8 1. attliyd. 2-mt-thyl-2,4-pentarirdio1, stirred 5 min., filtered, and the residue washed with n-C,H,,. The capsules were sir.ed on 105-25(1 tt scircns and then shaken with orthorhombic TcO> of ov. particle site 20 ft. The excess curing agent was removed from the cupsuits, giving a product that cured when crushed to release the iiutyxulfidv. 1 that had been groom! with BaCfO, wns olso used. The use of MuOa, PI>0|, ond Sl>,Oi us curing agentsand SrCrOt, Zii ciiromntc, and Zn yellow as corrosion inhibitors is also claimed. When used as an adhesive nr kinder, the capsules can be applied to faying surfaces before the actual fabrication. I'ojycpoxides and polyisocyonates may also be used. CC1*N 20V7/?- s an. (gr foist %*< J axe WATER_PCB-SD0000071987 /'2> erf 'tLi, 440 <Z / C/j Cj^ 44 o * (/40i^ Q COMob Microencapsulatioa of aqueous emulsions. National ' Cavh Register Co. (by Everett N. liiestnnd, Erik H. Jensen, and Rclcr D. Meister). Ger. 1,248,015 (Cl. U Olg), Aug. 24, 1007; U.S. Appl. Dec. 22, 1858 ; 2 pp. Microcansules contg. an emulsion of an oil in a hydrophilic liq. (HtO) art prepd. by simple conw vutiori with a gclublc hydrophilic colloid and the addn. of an eq. electrolyte solti. or a HiO-sol. liq. in which the colloid is , less sol. than in H,0. A conventionnl thickening agent in the hydrophilic phase it used. Suitable electrolyte sulu. thickeners include ncuein gum, gum tragacanth, Me cellulose, CM-ccIlulosc, Mg A! nlumiiiiitc, polyglycols, mid glycerol. Thus, an oil/HjO tnmlvinn was prepd. at 50* from paraum oil 33 ml., HjO 25 ml., Mx r).Udficntc 2 g., Ottd alitnrin cyan rrecn 0.6 g. A *ol Contg. 12.5 k- gelatin mid 125 ml.'lliO at 60" was thoroughly mixed with the emulsion, and the resulting mixt. was then slowly added to 125 ml. 20Vi NniSOr stiln. contg. 37 g. acacia gum. The temp, of the equil. mixt. was then reduced to 6*, and 10% NnOH was added to pfl 8.5. To harden the envelope, 12.5 ml. 37%, HCHO *; added. The product wasmteud after 6 hr*., washed,- and spiny.dried at 80* (exhaust steam temp.). The envelope was highly, impermeable, ns shown by tests with acids ami alkalies. The mirrociip.siiki are csp. uselul for releasing active substances at a slow rate under conditions that destroy the membrane . envelope. M. W. Weiss r 88041c Microencapsulation of aqueous emulsions. National ' Cash Kegister Co. (by Everett N. HicsUtid, Erik H. Jensen, and 1'etrr J>. Meister). " Ger. 1,248,016 (Ci. II 01g), Aug. 24, 1907; U.S. App). Dee. 22, 1858; 2 pp. Microcapsults contg. an tmulsion of an oil phase in e hydrophilic liq., e.g. H,0, are prepd. by adding a thickening agent to the latter phase and conccrvatiug in the presence of a colloidal eq. dispersion of a atyrcuc-moicic neld or styrene-maleic amide copolymer. Suit able thi&cricrs arc insol. in the oil phase and have surfactant properties, e.g. gum acacia, tracacanth, Me cellulose, CM* cellulose. Mg At silicate, polyglycols, and glycerol. The specific amts, of thickener may be varied according to the particular system, 6-10 wt. % of the hydrophilic phase being required as a rule. The envelope of (he mirroccpsule is ltnnernicable-ir) the contents but Is rcaiTiryricstroyed ixLCfUtlact.wjlh a suitable pH or cntvilic1. 1 tins', roitnont 25~and Uaxacrmth 100 g. we/e dis persed in glycerol 100 nit. and heated to 100*. Com oil 100 ml* was emulsified into the glycerol dispersion. Styrene-maleic acid copolymer 100 and galnctose polysaccharide 20 g. were dis persed In 11,0 1050 ml. and heated to 80*. The emulsion and the copolymer sol. were then added as a single stream to 450 ml. of 20% (NH)iROi solti-, indicated to 80*. and the mixt. was stirred for 20 min. It wus then poured into a soln. of 60 nil. AcOll In 3000 ml. of ice water with const, stirring. The resulting encapsulated material was then scp. by centrifugation, washed with IliO, and sprny-dried at 80*. The mierocnpsulcs are esp. suitable lot releasing active substances at a slow rate, e.g. agricultural fertilisers, plant-growth hormones. fuiigigid.es and nematoeldcs, "tiuVnlWe substances and 'vitamins in foods, cos-^ ; metic or pharniarimtical substances, insecticides, and coded- ticidcs.- . ............................................... M-.W-Weiss /4> eftr? <tj 186164* Watrr-lnsoluble microeapsulas. National Cash Reslstcr Co. Osr. 1,266,00 (Cl. B dig), April 4, 1808; U.S. Appl. Nov. 10, 1801; 2 pp. Small, water-msol. capsules are prepd. from an nq. sol. contg. fc I hydrophilic, film forming polymer, dispersing the material to be encspsulated In the sol, starling the coagulation, and treating the capsules while the capsule walls are Still iu a liq. stnte with hardeners or metal was adjusted to >8.6, 25 ml. trichlorotrifluoroeth&ne added under vigorous stirring, and the pH reduced as quickly as possible to 0.8-7.0 while stirring was continued and 6 ml. 10% aq. soln. of CrCIi added. The capsule walls became hard and water into!, and the capsules could be *epd. by the usual methods. Also used in a similarly prcjnl. compn. were polytlhyltnimlne and a aoln. of uolvfcthvlcne-maleic anhydride). BNl'G CyC/^3 a*- ( fVU-iL*. / s. q5993<> WATER_PCB- EXHIBIT TSA With the wax and polish snarhet making new demands, formulators are looking snore closely at... AROCLOR SIRUPS and RESINS A shelf of stubborn "do-gooders" for waxes, sealants, mastics ' 'k . Compounders scratching their heads over plasticity, flow point, hardness, oxidation resistance, or volatility prob lems are discovering a bonanza of answers in low-cost Aroclor compounds. These various chlorinated biphenyls con fill a fair-sized laboratory shelf, and the range of physical modifications they imr>arl k even wider. Besides their surpris ingly close, predictable, and dependable modification of physical properties, compounders are getting bonuses in improvement of chemical properties. Most appealing, their cost per pound is in the cup of coflee and doughnut range. Specialty wax formulators, polishing products makers, sealing compound producers, and mastic products com pounders nre finding new property im provements at their finger-tips... when they run their index finger down the list of available Aroclor compounds. Sur prising. too, because the Aroclor "oils," "sirups," and "resins" have been around quite a while. And since their cost (in the I6*20d/lb. range) is so low In relation to the functions they can perform, it could be assumed that by now virtually oil floor polishes, wax coatings, caulk ing, and mastic sealing products wouldhave some Aroclor liquid or resin in their recipes. But. to date, only manu facturers of top-quality investment cast ing waxes have adopted Aroclor com pounds to gise vsascs high, sharp melting |>oints and lower the cost of formulations. Wherever polyethylene and Fischer- Tropwh waxes are bidding for the polish marks*.*, forrml.itors have overlooked vWut mi An*, lor addition can do to modify tl,e properties of these, as well us carnauba, candcfllla, shellac, and tuieio-crystallinc waxes. 0704--34089 The most intriguing possibility js this: manufacturers of the synthetic waxes could use the Aroclor compounds for "tailoring" their offerings; thus, with a given processed wax, they would have a wider range of properties and charac teristics in the waxes they offer formulators. Recently, manufacturers of ptessurt sensitive adhesives have found combinations of ethylene/vinvl acetate with Aroclor give improved properties. From a physical property standpoint alone, the Aroclor compounds appear to provide the wax product maker with a wide range of "do-good" compounds that have no peers. They all are fireresistant and completely Inert to chemi cals, water, and weather. They impart these properties directly to formulations in which they ore used. Most important, since they arc virtually non-oxidizable and ndn-volatilc--the properties stay. The Aroclor compounds are agreeable to handle, too. They are'compatiblc with practically all commercial chemical sol vents. waxes, resins, and asphalt, and they can be made into water emulsions. This combination of properties that makes them suitable for liquid, paste, or cake formulations, recommends their consideration in auto polishes and floor waxes, as well as furniture arid shoe polishes. In addition to durability, they impart toughness, without brittleness, and cither maintain or enhance gloss. Unlike other modifying additives, the Aroclor compounds olTcr modifying effects without imparting tackiness. Such uses stem from their characteristic melting points and the fact that they will "burn out" without ashing. Thus, Aroclor liquids and resins provide a choice of materials: for property modifi cation, for making dental-casting waxes, for the precision casting of aircraft-parts, and for casting jewelry. They are highly useful in making powdered-metal binders, where the shaped product is fired and the binder must burn off with out ashing or discoloration. A major use is for marking inks, used to decorate ceramic ware where the design and color is "fixed" in the glazing. While Aroclor compounds have been widely adopted for improving the adhe sion and chemical resistance of paints and surface coalings, their use in wax modification, asphalt sealants, and mas tic has just begun. Manufacturers of wax-based products and polishes are just beginning to discover that they represent a whole shelf of "do-gooders" for wax and resin type formulations. For further information on Aroclor compounds and their use in modifying and improving wax, asphalt, and resin-based products, request a copy of Specially DjCi Report CS-18. Write "to: MONSANTO. Outside the polish fieid. the Aroclor Organic Chemicals Division, compounds can serve a variety of special functions in specialty waxes, wax binders, and decorating or marking-ink Department 214, St. Louis, Missouri 63156. vehicles. ' Chemical Week, January 4 nd February 16, 1904 MAE 059694 WATER PCB-SD0000071989 MONSANTO COMPAQ ' AXMSTOX ALABAM Dear Fellow Employee, Monsanto employees arc continuously neerned about the duality of the products and service wo are prov -mg our customers. Today, competitive products arc readily avai: '<le and the customer often buys on the supplier's ability to iurnisli spendable superior quality product and service. This is the first in a scries of quai rly Anniston Plant Newsletters that you will be receiving during *ti(i. This issue highlights the Aroclor Depart -tit which has a 37 year history of continuous growth and high tunliiy Production. A few of the end uses of Aroclor and the cniplt rs who contribute to continued Quality Pioduction arc highlight I. The importance of Quality to our customers and therefore to < -r job security and growth of the Anniston Plant is illustrated. Any comments you tnay have conccr: -ig Quality will be appreciated and should be forwarded to a mi Iter of the Quality Promotion Committee. Congratulations on your record of produ< >g superior Quality products which lead to tike growth of -c Anniston Plant. toiS (Rf* -- I----------------------------------------------------------------- MAE 059695 WATER_PCB-SD0000071990 A/iocLO/rs /ust< r The first Aroclors (chlorinated biphci i) were produced at the Anniston Plant on December Hi. 192)1 Biphenyl production began on Kebruary 28, 1928; Aroclor -mluction then started as a natural result of the biphenyl r;< material availability. The number of Aroclor production -nploycrs has increased by eight times since December, IB28. Aroclor has become a "back-bone'' department in thr plant, pro' ling new jobs, increased job security, and a higher standard <ii 'wing to its employees througltoul the department's thirty-seven u existence. aiwclor r.sr.s ELECTRICAL EQril' ' A7 Monsanto Aroclors arc used "as is" n special formulations for the liquid coolant---.insulation flui- in transformers and capacitors. In transformers, they provide for ja -r factor correction in electric utility transmission lines. Infixed p. r capacitors, Aroclors arc the dielectric substance. A capacitor r< -istsof two conducting metal plates separated a small distance tip.- bysome tton-contluciing medium (Aroclor). "Hie purpose o' capacitor is to store energy and release this energy a short tii later. I bis is much the same as elevating a tank full of water This water, being at a higher elevation than its surroundings, ' x a certain amount of potential energy to release, just as the c -acilor has a potentialto release stored voltage. These capa< irs arc used in home appliances such as air conditioners, furna washers, and driers, in electric motors, and for ballast in fluorc -m fixtures. General !eclric, Westinghouse, andt er producers of electric capacitors use Monsanto Aroclors in spet 1 formulations for the dielectric substance. This helps to make -ir capaciton the best available in the industry. Other important applications of both 1 iuid and Solid Aroclors in the electrical field are in wire anti able coatings and as impregnants for cotton and asbestos I tded insulation. In addition, they arc excellent dielectric s< - mu and arc used to close the pores of carbon resistors ami t< til electrical bushings and terminals. Aroclors for electrical equipment us must be highly pure with only slight traces of contaminants, wo to three drops of sweat contain enough salt to reject a drum- Vrocloe on chlorides, They must be chemically stable and i> corrosive to a wide variety of structural materials. Obviously, continuous quality com must be maintained during manufacture, packaging, and shit mg to assure that the customer is always satisfied with the perfo tance of our Aroclors. MAE 059896 WATER_PCB-SD0000071991 Contamination must toe controlled the plant as analytical "bird dogging" may not delect iraci ->f impurities which make the product unstable and useless. *r instance, the dropping of one hard hat in a lank car could cat the failure of thousands of our customers' products. Norm power factor correcting capacitors used in air conditioners niain 10 cents worth of Aroclor. If the capacitor shouldcxplo<' -md cause a fire, damage as high as $20,000 could result. Th capacitors arc designed for 20 to HO year life. Quality im dients. such as Anniston Aroclor, must be used to guarantee t* is life as there is no non destructive procedure for pre-determi' mg this life. This vividly illustrates the "mushrooming" dainai and the major reason for such intense desire for quality products v our customers. IMA T TKAXS n Aroclors arc outstanding for use the heat transfer liquids in indirect heating systems. Aroclor stems can transfer closely controllable, uniform heat to chemical . mkcss vessels, food cookers, potato chip and frito fryers, drying -cm, to heat corrugating rolls, crimping presses, and calenders materials processing, to heat treating metals such as Titanio and Vanadium, and to efficiently indirect heat distillation cquii tent. In fact, an Aroclor heating system is presently in use in Anniston Ham Aroclor Department to distill Aroclors during -mtinc production. 'litis system is pictured below: I MAE 059697 I WATER_PCB-SD0000071992 1( is interesting to note that as i-ccntly as 1941 only two methods of delivering process heat v. <c known. Today nonpressurized, high temperature, fire rcsr'nm heat transfer systems based on Monsanto's Aroclor Liquids o rromc practically all the deficiencies and drawbacks of liintt-T -tvf and P'/'<un;rd I'afwr Heating. Continuous development and Arocl- quality improvement has enabled Monsanto to continue to capf and add to a sizeable segment of the heat transfer market. OTHER I SEJ I'rcsently, there arc numerous other -rs for Liquid and Solid Arockjrs and Aroclors in formulations. 'nly some of these uses are listed below: As the actuating medium in be wscontrols, thermostats, industrial temperature control s yulators. and other kinds of automation equipment. Liquid sealant for furnace roof Vacuum diffusion pump oil-- mips used to pull high vacuum for metalizing plastic dehydrating foods, and medicinats. Dust entrapment--used to coat hrous gloss air filter pads, metal mesh, and other material sed for filtering air and I gas streams. I i! As a vapor suppressant to -crease the kill life of insecticides. in waxes--waxes containing A - lor arc widely used in making dental castings, in the |- ision casting of aircraft parts, and for casting costume j- "try. In specialized lubricants, adi -vet. ink formulation, caulking compounds, plastics, r hers, paints, varnishes, and lacquer formulations. New .uses for the various Arocku developed. Continuous quality control, < chemical and physical characteristics of I in widespread customer acceptance and uses for them. rc continually being iplcd with the unusual Aroclors, has resulted limitless expansion of HAS 059696 WATER_PCB-SD0000071993 PRODUCTION Ql'ALIT) O.STROl. Over the years, the Anniston Plant \roclor Department has done an outstanding job of continuous tju -lily control. Customer satisfaction with the Aroclor product ! < led to continued in creased sales. Illustrated below arc some< <hc continuous routine quality control procedures used in tl Aroclor Department. Morris Robinson is taking hourly t Aroclor distillation equipment. Distillati carefully controlled to enable production < and color Aroclor product. (teraturc readings on tcm|K'raturc must be t uniform composition MAE 059899 1 WATER_PCB-SD0000071994 -- toivi ^uucr is sampling a title that this sample represent the actual r< `intor. It is im|x>rtnnt batch. position of the Aroclor MAE 059900 WATER PCB-SD0000071995 i ! temperature and accurate reading of tli- hydrometer is necessary to determine that the proper "end poii >f the Aiorlui batch ha* been reached. t i Jesse Seay is drumming finished Aromust be dean and dry Indore filling, drummed must be accurate, the ilium r spillage, and clean before palletizing. 1 he weight uf Arodor i tie tight to prevent i i i t i i i Ed Kirk and Robert Hell are lal 'ing finished Arodor drums. This phase of the operation is as ortanl at the actual manufacture. HAE 059901 WATER_PCB-SD0000071996 Each drum ready for shipment repr< nil the Aroclor product to the customer. If appearance is poor or -'helling is crooked, the customer can only assume that he is noth mg a quality product. Quality ' lomotion Committee O. E. D 'in. Chairman L. L. Fi- 'ikner M. I). M 'Hally F. O. K ers J. M. White MAE 059902 A WATER_PCB-SD0000071997 WATER PCB-SD0000071998 \ ciniiiai ixiosmatiomi Colloidul dispersion of silica tn '*<er u.i. :!>? i a;->. mid the silica u precipitaird irreversible. VUt AMi-blorkiiig agent III waler finishes CHots eonttol nr. !( in vetoi fimshn. increase bond strength of rubber IhIii adhesives. increase modulus of leloi film end thrrsd. Miifuiv himlrn vetrr base lamlnstln* mini. Stxxpendlnt ar-:.t lui lutmomr. In vein >111(1111. Mold lubrloeni. Binder l.'i pi it mull casting molds. rumi retarding agent lor wattrIwsvd IWIIltt. SHieeiwo )0ATI0N; Colloidal 6Ule*. liquid (KB: Frceus .i >. lit c|i fiom freezing 1. Mo-lb. drumt. "SYTON" OS AND 05-200 COLLOIDAL SILICA tXOt&AXK CXVtJlOM--(JUtAUUl AVAUASII orwuAl *x*o*Atiox. Exvrrmelr fine colloidal aqueous dtsihimi'iii of silica. In textile spinning: conirolt the illpfx.ee iietwvrn fiber*, thereby Incrmlnt tensile gtrennh of pun yxllis. |*crtnlttltif let* tv-in In eoine cue*, or fever break* iiiiimr spinning mid weaving. In textile finlihln*: control* slippage in vorrii rii'ont. gives dir womed-like bind, deiutier* 111 imliet conccmreUou*. vttt: Spinning. vet processing end AnUhlng uxUlei. iHieewa (nioimaiioni OoUoldil Silica. liauld OfB: Fraaxat >: >. Kerp from fietUun. ESCMb. drum*. "SYTON" P AND P-2O0 COLLOIDAL SILICA INOt&ANtC trvUIOM--UltUIUtl AVAIUglt oixtiAl iNtoiMAfiox; The application of n amtmelr fine colloidal iqueout dispersion of silica applied either br iprir (11 rullei lo mulllvtll paper bit* or moil any trpe of paper- siKukrfiardcebsote"E* wruilml m" aPteuriaplrlyovreindguctoe slippage between the coated be the most efiectlee anti skid agent. tfitti lor tue on paper cootilners to make ellp-reatituu com mu. eweetxo xtotMATiPXi oolloldal EUlca. llould (KB; Fraazea 3Beep from (reeling). E60-)b. drum*. "SYTON" W-200 COLLOIDAL SILICA smcxosmc oivitioM miuivu avauasii ofxitAt peroiatAriox, "Si-ton" w-poo U an extremely fine cvllnldk! AQueou* silica dliprrtlon and 1* ueed In wax amutamua primarily10 give antl-illp propertle* to the wax applfeation*. trill - >01 u*e a* an anii-*llp agent tn was emultlon poiuhing compounds MieeiNO getogWATiOXi Colloidal Silica, liauld (KB: Freegcg 1.' 1. Krrp from fretting!. 660-lb. drum*. :A#NCTIONAU^Fi-lllDS"-WS.---?jsjet-ii!fS<woiwv "AROCLOR" POLYCHLORINATED ROLYRHENYLS CXCANIC OnditOM--tniuiull AVAAAgU ttamo Att> eoAMi Liquids. mint or solid*. etomril*. chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon! varying from watei-white mobile liquid* and pile yellow vlecou* oil* to lielu tmlKi retlu* and optQue crystalline golldt. Refractive indices at-orc 1.61 db In gentral are liable on long heating at IXi not afiened br boUIn* with eodium hydroxide solution. 'Tin light oil* ran be dlitiUed at atmotpherlr pressure without appreciable decompotltlon and the viscous oil* and turn* distill readllr under vacuum * Viscous oil* and mini almoil odnrless and taalvle** at ordlnarr ternIH-ralurr* oixtiAi inioimaiiox. Most Arotior" material* flu* readllr yuh resinous and pitch-llke material* to give product* having a declassed me hazard. (Viscous oil* and retina do mu atipiKiii combuttlon when heated alone even at their boiling 10111I1- temnmiure* above >Cd*C.I All have excellent e-itrirnvi characiemurt. high dielectric iirenrth and reaiftiviir. lov power (actor: certain of the liquid* have a blgh dielrrttic ctmuaiil a* compared with mineral oil*. The oil* and rr*iu* eaailr soluble in moil common organic solvents and dicing oil*: hard crystalline material* are. in general, ino. soluble. all are insoluble in water The more vltcout oil* anil leuiii have etrellem adlietive propertle*. Ail forou are 60 thermopUHIc. apparently undergo no further condensation or htrdenmi upon repotted melim* and cooling Notidijm* when emoted to all no noticeable oxidation 01 hardrmng take* place. The Cleat retins have inher low vapomtnon lo**et: at Sl.B'C. HJCI'T.i leg* than COt #m. per gq in o! turlact per month. Dilli Liquid "Avoclort" are u*ed at dielectric* for conden*er* or rapacUor* and trantformert. Solid "Aroclort" ate uied lo impregnate carbon reottort. and when combined with other f>)a*tlc niaierlalt. the 'Aroclori" ate eicellent aealeri or muragnatin* agent* for a variety of gltclrlcal apparaiut. wire coating* and tape. "Aroclott" ate used a* plattlcir-ra and redn* In Itcoue** including nltrooellulote. eilnl cellulose and cellulose areiste butyrtu; to txtrnd varnish mini and oil* and as plasticizer and rttln eiundei* for rubber-btse ptlnu. Including chlorinated rubber ilyrene butadiene and vinyli. In these protective coating* for metal, masoitn and wood. "Arcclort" imparl adheilon. retiiianre against mm*, turc. add*, alkalies or other corrosive influence and Ihri Improve clactrlot) Insulating properties, durahllity and redurr flaiumabUlty. They function ax atalett in w-atetprooftna compound*, wood preservative formulations, caulking com pound* and putty. Employed in aabhalllc aiding material* and rellulote product* Impregnated or laminated with asphaltic material*, the "Aroclor*" piattictre the atphall. reduce flamnublllty and Improve durability. For printing inks; tn precision-calling warn, floor wate* and other was product*. Uied widely in ynthellr adhesive* Including fthyl ceUulote, ilyrene. etnyli and rubbgr-btte material*. "Aroclort" Improve adheilon and mlitancc against eorroslte Influence*. Selected liquid Aroclota" are used at nonflam mable hydraulic fluid* (or dle-cutlnt machines They are utad ai actuating madia for thermostats "Atoclort" are useful In cutting oils as extreme creature lubricants, at hlahtaroparature, lubricants and as grinding fluid*. "Arcelor" lies It employed ax a nonflammable, ilquld-pbate. beattransfer medium for continuous operation In closed ayitams at temperature* up to aoo'C. and at potutal atmospheric pressure. txicflixo fxsoaMAnox. Beiln Eynthetlr K02BH without tiler. 000-lb. atael drums; EtxMb. net fiber drumt. "COOLANOL 45" DIELECTRIC COOLANT FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT CXOAMtC Ptvurox--UUSAIUU AVAILAttt (lANPAkp fOttt. Liquid. MONtTltli A dear, amber liquid with dielectric, beat trantfer and hydraulic properties--over a -T. to dOO'E. tem perature range. bttt i Dielectric coolant for both airborne and ground environ mental electronic equipment. Alto utilized in hrdieullc application* In electronic equipment. fHireiHO urotMANOX; Chemical* K01BN. 1-ql. cant: J-al. cans: E-gal. can*,- E4-gat. drum* "RYDRAUL F-9" FUNCTIONAL FLUID otCAxic pivtyox--utrutuu ava&aii? tANPAtP yoatti Liquid. TVMCAi ANAirtUi viscosity at loo*r.-E sirs. 80S: nrollture--O.iO'l n>* : ntutrshsetion number tacld-0.16 max.: p. gr. at MVIi'C.-- jgoitTiu> A light, amber, cloudy llould: gtralght anithetlc Are resistant fluid with esctllem lubricity and pumping characteristics: non-corrotlve. extremely stable to both heat arid air: recoverable by flitration: designed lot long terrier MSIt Fire mutant hydraulic fluid In dte-caillng machine*, hydraulic preitrt. automatic welding machines and almilar applications requiring a medium vucotlty fluid fxirrMO pesoatsAtiox: Hydraulic imrni fluids ctlxr then petroleum. 66-gal. glee) drum* and 6-gal. cant. "PYDRAUL 60" FUNCTIONAL FLUID OIOANIC PlVttlON--initAUrll AVAAAtU (1AMCAI0 sou. Liquid. UMCAi ANAirsiit vucostir at locrr.-eo $hs nm.-jr 0E.U16E:mmaso.l;itu*pre. -t0r..2a6t'.t,' 'm,3yuc.;.~ne1.u0tOiaTJ-1i.u0lMio. n number *#eui- yaoegtritt: A dear blue. oily, airtight amlhritr Are mutant hydraulic fluid with etrellem iubrlcttuia and pumping charanerUtic*. blghiy resistant to merhtnlcal shear and breakdown: inert to Common metals ol construction: an excellent fluid tor low temperature operation*. tiliti a fire mutant hydraulic fluid tn mtemi reoulrmg extremely low vucodtt. Low vucotlty U etcellenl for high (peed, prrrlilon equii-mem tueU as machine tools Low temperature propcrtlet suited foi many ouidooi opeiatiom HAE 059908 WATER_PCB-