Document 06bb460pqLXOkbjj3R7weOzkR

HWBB-000796> /dr Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc, 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. October 13, 1938. references to recent literature on industrial diseases (A) News Items 7GC INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE--AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION. Ind. Med. 7, 589 (September 1938). The Industrial Hygiene Section meeting of the 67th annual convention of the American Public Health Association to be held at Kansas City, October 25-28, 1938, should contain material of interest to all who have industrial medical problems. The addresses, as they are published, will be abstracted in this bulletin. 701 NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS, Ind. Med. 7_, 589 September 1938). The National Safety Congress and Exposition will hold its annual meeting October 11-14 at the Stevens Hotel, Chicago. There will be sessions on Dusts, Flat*#, Gases and Vapors; Industrial Nursing; Occupational Disease, and Health $eis# in Industry. Any articles of interest will be noted and abstracted in thi bulletin. f 702 NEW BOOKS OCCUPATION AND HEALTH--SUPPLEMENT, International Labor Office, 754 JackSM * Place, Washington, D. C. This supplement, which will consist of 500 pages when completed, can be per*chased for $5.00. The first installment to this last supplement comprise# M pages and includes five brochures on "Allergy and Occupation," "Asbestos," "Beryllium," "Pneumoconiosis," and "Silicosis." TOXICITY OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS. A compilation by Ethel Browning, of the numerous solvents used in industry* It discusses properties, uses and toxicity, and should be a valuable reference to those interested. The book is a British Publication. The tf. 6. address is The British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., New York City. Price 7# 6d (about $2,00), + (H) Papers on Dust. Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene 703 PNEUMOCONIOSIS (PULMONARY DISEASE DUE TO DUST). L. Telety, Occupation and Health, Supplement, Internet. Labor Office, Geneva (January 1958), (Ob# of the supplements mentioned in News section of this Bulletin), This is one of the cost reviews and one of the most readable that hac y*t been written or. the subject. Dr. Telo;-y has placed the dusts into 8 classes accord ing to actions us follows, briefly: irritants, coniotic action over long, per iods, micro-chemical action forming lesions (quartz), chemical action with in flammatory processes, cancerogenic action, allergic action, infectiou# aetloo and toxic action. In the first half cf the paper, mechanics and physidegy of dust inhalation are considered, together with concentrations found and the path-- clogical and rcentgencgraphical significance of mixtures. The second half dis cusses the effects of breathing various dusts, including grain dusts, dusts like HW8B-0B67970 References to Recent Literature - 2 Thomas slag, and various minerals. Bibliography is brief, and is United to well-known references. 704 PATHOLOGY OF THE SILICOTIC MODULE. Joseph Walsh, Am. Rev, Tuberc, 35_, 363-71 (September 1938), White Haven Sanatorium, White Haven, Pa. The author presents the results of 20 years cf observation of anthracosilicotic lungs, with several photomicrograph's of affected lymph nodules. In his summary, he states that anthracosilicotic dust within the tissues of the lung is always found ir. cells until after necrosis sets in. These cells are carrier in lymph channels to intrapulsonary and hilar nodes. The pu2..xr.iry fibrr--r.tnraccsilicotic uciule begins by thickening of the interstitial tissue a'-Jiri lymphatics, the development of fibrous tissue in alveolar walls and destruev-im cf the elastics. which allows the alveoli to collapse. The typical sir.ple nr.aule is smaller than a millet seed and is made up principally of collapsed and coalesced alveolar walls. Later occur hyalinization and necrosis beginning in the inter ior. A large nodule is always conglomerate, and is made up of the coalescence of innumerable small ones. The silicotic nodule and its points of difference $ from the pulmonary nodule are described. 705 SILICOSIS .iND SIMILAR DUST DISEASES. MEDICAL ASPECTS AND CONTROL. R.R. Sayers and R, R. Jones. U.S.Publ. Health Repts. 5, 1453-72 (August 19, 1938). Ob tainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C., for 5 cents, cash. This paper, originally presented at the National Silicosis Conference in 1936, is an excellent review of the subject, with especial attention to occupational exposure, factors influencing the action of silica dust particles, the necessity of occupational history, and prevention of silicosis. Asbestosia and anthracosiliccsis are considered briefly. 706 RECOVERY METABOLISM OF SILICQTICS. A. Bohme. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Uewerbehyg. , 601-10 (1938). (German). Increased oxygen consumption accompanies all work, partly during work, partly after it (oxygen debt). In cardiac insufficiency and emphysema, ojygen con sumption is more delayed in the recovery period; the oxygen debt is greater than normal. In healthy persons consumption is highest after 3, or at most, 6 minutes after stopping heavy work. In comparing normal persons with silicotics with 70-80% disability, the latter showed a marked and prolonged rise in res piration rate, increased minute volume and oxygen consumption during the recov ery time and also at the end of the 10 minute observation period. In silicotics wiuh less than 70% .sability, the differences were less marked or barely de tectable. The method is not applicable for adjudging compensation however, because of other influences--excitement, lack of precision and intentional emphasis of difficulties. 707 THE INFLUENCE OF SILICA ON THE NATURAL aND ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS. Arthur J. Vorwald and Anthony B. Delahant. Am. Rev. Tuberc. 347-62 (September 1938), Reprints probably obtainable from The Saranac Labor atory, Saranac Lake, N, Y. The authors investigated the effect of silica on resistance of animals to the tubercle bacillus. Their experiments shewed that silica depresses the native resistance of the guinea pig to attenuated tubercle bacilli and of the white rat to virulent types of these microorganisms. Silica also inhibits the devel opment of acquired resistance in guinea pigs when the irritant is confined to the tissue in which the immune bodies are being produced. This adverse influ ence is specific for silica and is proportional to the concentration of the irritating substance. Dusts low in silica and nonsiliceous dusts have no such effect. The authors suggest as a possible explanation the alteration of 03117873 HWBB-000797 i References to Recent Literature - 5 monocytic cells by silica in such a way that they furnish a more suitable med ium for the growth of the bacillus. On the other hand, inhibitory substances normally present in such cells may be neutralized so that the bacillus is per mitted to grow with unusual rapidity. At the present time only the morpholog ical evidences of cellular alteration have been discovered. The underlying chemical factors are completely unknown. 708 SMEARY OF RESULTS OBTAINED TO DATE IN a STUDY OF THE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE HaDARLS ASSOCIATED WITH THE QUARRYING, CRUSHING ,UND SCREENING OF NORTH CAROLINA GRaNITES, Division of Industrial Hygiene, Raleigh, North Carolina, Mimeographed. 17 pp. Obtainable at address given. This report presents the results cf a preliminary study of 15 granite quarries, in 9 of which both dust counts and medical examinations were made. The total number of workers involved was 514, of which only 330 had been exposed to gran ite iust for 1 year or longer. Among these workers, 13 were found to have mere fibrosis than usual, and there was 1 case of first-stage silicosis. There was a preponderance of workers under 35 years of age, and about 13$ of the workers in the 3 major labor divisions were more than 50 years of age. In so far as ir.-`heated in the small number of cases, an increasing incidence of pathology wi.r. advancing age is revealed. The increase with exposure is fairly uniform until an exposure of 30 years is reached, at which point the incidence rises prc-cipitously. Dust counts were made to evaluate the dust exposure associated with specific tasks, and the cumulative dust exposure was computed for every worker ?/hose occupational record is sufficiently long. A distribution by occu pation and cumulative dust exposure reveals that the condition "more fibrosis than usual" exists in every classification and that silicosis appears when the cumulative exposure reaches 1500 million particle years of dust. (This refers to granite dust, shown by a number of analyses to contain 30 to 40$ quarts.) This corresponds to a daily exposure threshold limit of 35 million particles per cubic foot over a period of 40 years. As a factor of safety the average (granite) dust exposure should not exceed 25 million particles per cubic foot. The exposure in many major quarry occupations exceeds that figure where no safeguards are employed. The exposure may be reduced to a safe level by the use of wet methods. The results indicate a definite hazard, although not se severe as was expected. Final conclusions must be postponed until more men with over 10 years' exposure to granite dust can be examined. 709 SILICOSIS IN POTTERY WORKERS. R. A. Kemp Harper. Brit. J. Radiol, il, 354-65 (1938). The clinical and industrial factors producing silicosis are discussed, A sur vey of the industry in 1932 showed that about one-third of the pottery workers of all branches had acquired the disease at the end of 20 years' exposure. Im portant factor., are (1) silica concentrations in the dust, (2) duration of ex posure, (3) cleanliness, and (4) precautions taken by employers. In modern factory buildings efficient design has greatly reduced the dust content of the air, and the use of alumina instead of flint has reduced the disease incidence. Research is being directed toward the discard of dangerous materials in the bedding processes. Physique of workers is important in disease resistance; certain 'physical types are undesirable for work in any quarter or process. Tuberculosis, oven in the early stages, constitutes a menace. The author dis cusses the two main types of silicosis as first recognized in South Africa, namely, simple or r.onir.fective, ana infective, especially their radiological distinctions and characteristics. He remarks that "the pottery worker in gen eral tends to acquire a Swft type of silicosis, with less nodulation than stone masons in South .Africa, but many exceptions also occur." Twelve cases are full, described with radiological reproductions for each. There is no one silicosis 03117874 References to Recent Literature - 4 type for a given occupation, and the picture may vary greatly for the same posure. The previous occurrence of weakening respiratory diseases sucn as bronchitis, influenza dnd pneumonia, causes the lung parenchyma to succumb the inhalation of silicosis-producing dust. w ca ex- acutq^ te ae 710 SILICOSIS IN THE POTTER! INDUSTRY. J. ?. Bromley. Brit. J. Radiol. 11, 345-53 (1953) This paper is a thorough discussion of the British pottery industry and its silicosis hazards. Free silica in the form of finely divided flint is used ex tensively and constitutes the principal silicosis hazard. Some of the silica combinations, however, in kaolin, china clay, Cornish stone, and other materials, may modify the radiological picture of the typical free silica risks. The dry crushing process is especially hazardous; dry preparation of powdered flint du3t for bedding material constitutes a serious risk. The dry earthenware body presents a special source of danger, its dried scraps giving rise to a dust com posed of about one-third flint, and the risk is increased by leaving the scraps all over the floor, benches and ovens. The caster, exposed to this dust, usually develops silicosis in about 20 years. The pottery industry as a whole comprises about 60 separate occupations, in 30 of which the worker is exposed to free sili ca dust, either as pure flint or in a mixture. The general classes of occupation exposed to silicosis are the following: (1) millers and mill laborers; (fc) slip makers; (3) workers in the potters' shop; (4) mold makers and (5) various labor ers who are incidentally in dusty departments. Numerous risks are eliminated by improved exhaust ventilation and by more vigorous supervision of the uses of flint. There are methods of preventing shrinking after firing without the use of flint, but potters are unwilling to use them and the public would not be sat isfied with flint-free ware of particular types. The most serious risks are in bedding of biscuit ware in powdered flint and in the preparation of the flint by crushing. Death has occurred in 3 years after work in a dry crushing mill; the signs are marked in all china biscuit placers in 15 years. The recent depression, has increased the number of polishers exposed, because some ware has been worked up by polishing instead of being discarded. If an efficient substitute for bed ding flint were discovered, the silicosis risk would be almost entirely banished from the china potters' shop. (Other authors have mentioned the successful use of alumina for this purpose.) 711 CONTROL SILICA DUST *ND SAND GRADATION PROBLEMS, PRODUCING AGGREGATES FOR HIWA6SEE DAM. Rock Prod. 41, 29-35 (September 1938). The construction of the Hiwassee dam in North Carolina, recently begun, is the first case in which the T.V.A. has worked in silica rock. A portion of this article describes the methods used to protect workmen from dust. The plant com prises the quarry, the primary crushing plant, the secondary crushing and screen ing equipment, the sizing screens and storage, and the stone aand classifying plant. In the quarry, wet drilling is used exclusively, and wortaaen stationed in the quarry for any length of tine are required to wear respirators. In the primary crusher, the rock is wet at intervals, and discharging point of the crusher to the belt conveyor is housed and exhausted. The building containing the screens is completely enclosed, as arc also the screens individually, and adequate exhaust systems are used with distant points of discharge. The dust counts are now below 5 million particles per cubic foot at all places where oper ators are stationed, and further reductions at some points are anticipated. All workmen are examined and x-rayed every 6 months as a check on the efficiency of lust control measures. The remainder of the paper deals with improvements in quarry operation affecting the shape of the sand particles, and control of sizing 03117875 HW68-0007973 References to Recent Literature - 5 712 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF QUARTZ (FREE SILICA) IN DUSTS. E. Kaplan and ff. T. Fales. Ind. & Eng. Chea. Anal. Ed. l&t 338 (July 5, 1938). The writers propose the application of the compound interest law to determine the rate of loss of silica in the Knopf (bydrofluosilicic aciu) and the Line and Aradine (fluoboric acid) methods for the determination of free silica. Byapplying Knopf's factor of 0.1% loss per day and Line and Aradine's factor of 0,34% loss per day to the mathematical formula derived from the compound inter est law, the writers calculate the total free silica loss for any number of days. The chief difficulty with this procedure is that the factor of rate of loss is not constant, but varies widely with different particle sizes as has been demon strated by Mokemd Harris. 713 CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS CN THE QUESTION OF INDUSTRIAL CANCER OF ASBESTOS WORKERS. F, Kornig. Ztschr. f. Krebsforsch, 231-7 (1938). (German), A 35 year old woman who worked in an asbestos factory from 1919 to 1928 fell ill of asbestosis. In 1937 a sharply defined shadow was seen roentgenographically in the upper left lobe. This shadow was considered by the author to be a car cinoma and in the decision on the case, a causal relation between the presence of asbestosis and the development of carcinoma was accepted. The correct diag nosis of carcinoma was confirmed on atuopsy. 714 THE INDUSTRIAL CANCER OF WORKERS IN ASBESTOS, M. Nordmann. Ztschr. Krebsforch. 47, 288-302 (1938). The author describes 6 cases of asbestosis with lung carcinoma, of which S were squamous carcinoma with homification and the other an adenocarcinoma. Most of the cases were younger than the average case of lung cancer. The exposure to asbestos had lasted 7 to 21 years, and had begun 15 to 20 years before observa tion of the carcinoma, with the exception of .an elderly woman who had only an exposure of 19 months, 17 years before observation, and who had a high degree of asbestosis. What property of asbestos is responsible for the cancer devel--oping on the groundwork of asbestosis is not yet known, but there may be in asbestos so-called carcinogenic substances. 715 TESTS OF A BARRIER USING ROCK DUST IN PAPER BAGS. H, P. Greenwald and H. C. Howarth. U.S, Bur. Mines, Rept. Investigations No. 3411, 16 pp., (August 1938), Obtainable free from Division of Information, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C, A recently developed method of explosion barrier is tested by the Bureau. The method consists in dusting with limestone placed in paper bags which are mount ed on posts in trackless entries. The bags are mounted in such a way as to be automatically opened by the shock waves in advance of an explosion and complete description is given of the technique used. The ten tests made were successful ir. every case but cne. They are described as cheaper than those methods recom mended in their Bulletin No. 353 but are not recommended for entries provided with track. The limestone used is especially treated to increase resistance to moisture. 716 HOME OBSERVATIONS ON COAL-MINE FANS AND COaL-MINE VENTILATION. D. Harrington and E. H. Denny. U.S. Bur. Mines, Inf. Circ. No, 7032, 20 pp. (August 1958). Obtainable free from Division of Information, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, C. C. Ventilation is one of the most important single operations in mining for pro tecting lives and in promoting efficiency of operation. During 1932 and 1955 inclusive, the explosion record in coal-mines was very good but during 1937 and 1938 experience has been bad, and it is suggested that the cause may be due 03117876 KhBB-00B797*i References to Recent Literature - 6 largely to the overlooking of the ventilation requirements. This bulletin pre sents a summary ox' important considerations in ventilation including a review of state and federal laws and an explanation of the requirements. Thirty-two recommendations are listed. The record shows that most destructive explosions occur in "non-gassy" mines and the dangerous conditions may develop on short notice from seemingly unhazardous mines. 717 PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC DUST. Herbert Friess. Gasmaske J 29-34 (1938). (German)* The paper describes a method for producing dust of a size that is uniform, re producible and. significant from the standpoint of industrial hygiene, for in stance in investigations of dust filters. Water vapor is allowed to react upon tix-- vapor cf certain metallic chlorides, producing the metal oxide dust and hydrochloric acid, which is absorbed by activated charcoal. Titanium chloride was used in the experiments. The particles of titanium dioxide were 1 micron and less in size and hau a definite crystal form. The dust could be reproduced in any desired amount. 718 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. THE PLAN AND SCOPE OF THE INTEREST OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIA TION CF MANUFACTURERS IN THIS FIELD. Victor G. Heiser. Ind. Med. 2* 541-5 (September 1938), In this article, Dr. Heiser tells of the objects of the newly organized Committee on Healthful Working Conditions. The aims are to learn of the best practioed now in use and help coordinate them to a more general application. From the standpoint of the industrial doctor, it is stated that not only because of a doemr's medical knowledge but also because of hie knowledge of human nature, it is expected that his activities will be greatly enlarged within the next fivo or ten years. 719 THE CONTROL OF TUBERCULOSIS IN INDUSTRY--A RESPONSIBILITY AND A PROFIT, C. D. Selby, Medical Consultant, General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. Presented before National Tuberculosis Assoc., Los Angeles, Calif., June 23, 1958. Copies obtain* .< able from author. Tuberculosis is not an occupational disease, but its prevention may become indus try's most important health problem for the following reasons; (1) tuberculosis is a terminal infection in silicosis; (2) there is a tendency to assume that dusi aggravates tuberculosis; and (3) tuberculosis is more prevalent than tbe occu pational diseases. On the last point, in the group studied by the author, the number of individuals who lost time on account of occupational diseases was 1,3 per 10,000 workers against 40 per 10,000 who have active lesions. The time lost from occupational diseases was 1 day per million hours' work. Industry can act as a case-finding agency, protect workmen with open cases within the plants, and safeguard workmen against conditions of employment that might accelerate minimal lesions or aggravate quiescent ones, but it cannot control outside causes even though the employee group is affected. So far as industry is concerned, the sound long range program is to clear the plants of tuberculosis and to keep them clear. These considerations lead to a health maintenance program which the author proposes, not only for prevention of tuberculosis, but to include preven tion of all possible hazards. This program includes procedures for control oft (1; sources of disease in the plant; (2) diseases in the workmen; and (3) dis abilities. Under the first heading, the doctor is called the health officer of the plant, with the duty of locating and identifying exposures, determining thei: importance, and initiating and maintaining control. In control of diseases, the doctor is responsible for detection of physical impairments and diseases and 03117877 Hd6-ff00797`> References to Recent Literature - 7 "determination of their significance as actual or possible sources of disabili treating them if of occupational origin, and merely reporting his findings to the workmen if the disease is non-occupational. His duties include the follow ing types of physical examinations: pre-employment, transfer, periodical, reentrance, and requested. Ke may be consulted on ailments that may or may not be related to occupation, and should conduct such consultation as if he were in private practice, but must not infringe upon the rights of the family physician. He should keep records of all examinations, consultations, reports and other in formation. In controlling disabilities, he should support his opinions and decisions by recognized counsel rather than carry the whole load. The decrease of 5,5% that has already occurred in the tuberculosis death rate is cited as showing that industry can help in its further reduction. 720 NEED FOR NATIONAL'HEALTH PROGRAM. U.S, Monthly Labor Review 46, 1369-75 (June 1933). According to a report submitted to The President by the Technical Committee on Medical Care, the annual cost of illness and premature death in the United States amounts to approximately 10 billion dollars. It is also estimated that on an average day 4 millions or more are disabled by illness and each year 70 million lose, through illness, more than 1 billion days from work. It is stated that as a nation, we are doing vastly less to prevent suffering and preserve health than we know how to do through tried and tested methods. 721 RELATIONSHIP Of INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE TO PRIVATE PRACTICE. C. D. Selby, H. D,, Medical C.-.sultont, General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich, Presented before Section on Industrial Medicine and Surgery, N. Y. State Medical Society, May 12, 1938. Copies obtainable from authcr. There are 5 classes of physicians practicing in relation to industry, full-time, part-time and on call. The last 2 groups are general practitioners or special ists, only incidentally serving in industry, and can be regarded as private practitioners, although they furnish service to about 85% of the industrial establishments in the United States. The basic function of industrial medicine, as exemplified by the first group, is health maintenance or preventive medicine. This function comprises industrial hygiene, physical supervision and therapy, Ir industrial hygiene, the plant physician assists the management in protecting the workmen against occupational diseases and diagnoses such diseases. The private practitioner in industry, if he is to fulfill those functions to any extent, must offer advice on hygiene problems or have information on where it can be obtained. In making diagnoses, he must inform himself on the patient's history. In physical supervision, the plant physician must make decisions as to the fact* of exposure and of physical condition, and to refer non-industrial cases to pri vate physicians. Regarding therapy, regular industrial physicians are moving steadily from surgery to preventive medicine, leaving them dependent upon con sultants who are in reality private practitioners. The plant physician, there fore, acts as a case-finding agency, (except in occupational disease cases,' which are infrequent). This trend of industrial medicine to ally itself with private practice should be encouraged. The real problem is the private practi tioner in industry, the inadequacy of his service and the competition engendered with private practice. Attention is called for reforms suggested by Dr. R. G. Leland (our abstract No, 407, 1937), -deluding among others: (1) recognition ^f :i three fold function of medicine, public health administration, plant con trol, and care of sick and injured workmen; (2) acceptance of the expert in in dustrial health control as a specialist in medical practice; (3) formulation of criteria tc determine whether certain diseases ore occupational; and (4) study te accomplish a reconciliation of divergent views on choice of a physician. 03117878 HwBB-6007976 References tc Recent Literature - 8 722 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. J. J. Buchnn and D. Stewart. (2 pipers) Publ. Health SJL, 163-8 (1938). This paper by a 3ritisn health officer and a factory doctor cover the came gen eral field as the paper by Sayers and Bloomfield abstracted here, in -urging cooperation in the preservation of health of workers and not merely prevention of occupational diseases. 723 PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS CF INDUSTRIE HYGIENE, ?.. R. Sayers an' J, .dn, Med. Asscc. 111. 679-83 (August 20, 1938). Held, The authors discuss industrial hygiene as the science of the preservation of the r.eaa. lth cf v/erkers, and relate the progress made in recant years. More attention is being given occupational diseases than any other phase of the problem, but occupational diseases account for only 8 per cent of the 2 million -.forking hours of lo3t time duo to compensation cases alon in 1935. On the other hand, ill-- ness causes 15 times as much absenteeism as do industrial injuries. A suggested program includes, first, obtaining complete statistics on illness of workers, followed by a study of particular industries, and finally definite recommendation for control of existing or potential health hazards. This program involves cooperation cf state and local authorities, other physicians and industrialists. 0 724 'VHaT EVERY HEALTH OFFICE?. SHOULD KNOW. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Leverett D. Bristol. An. J. Pub. Health 28, 1080-2 (September 1938). This paper is one of a series presented at the Health Officers Section of the American Public Health Association at its annual meeting. Dr. Bristol outlines the principal developments, of which the health officer should be aware. They include: the organization and administration of several federal and state agen cies} the demand for trained personnel; the extent to which state laws for occu pational disease compensation have been enacted, including the states in which reporting of cases of occupational disease is required; industrial health apprair al; the organized research that is now being conducted; the Section of Industrial Hygiene of the American Public Health Association; and the results of the work cn aluminum as a protector dust. 725 . THE PHYSICIAN IN INDUSTRY. A. D. Lazenby. Ind. Med. Zt 593-8 (September 1938). This paper is an excellent discussion of the industrial physician, not only as to his relation to industry but to his relation to national health as well. The author brings out the developments in the medical profession in recent years and the problem of the treatment of the large wage earning class of industrial work ers. He cites the need for better understanding of the problem by the medical profession as a whole so that their much needed cooperation can be obtained.The field of industrial medicine is indeed growing and offers -in opportunity for scientific study and advancement of the profession. 726 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY MEDIC.-X SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Fred Fritz. Ind. Msd, Zt 576-7 (September 1938). About 2 years ago, in conjunction with the executives and medical departments of a group of industries, the Medical School established a Department of Occupa tional Disease. Their program, founded on practicability, includes research, case history studies, undergraduate and graduate instruction, and clinical study. The department conducts -an annual occupational disease symposium. 727 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES r.ND BUSINESS CONDITIONS. M. D. Kossoris. Labor Inform. Bull. , 12-13 (June 1338). The accident frequency rises and falls with employment, The author believes this may bo due to several factors; one, that older and more experienced employ ees are kept or. payrolls in bud tines *nd it is the younger, more inexperienced 03117879 -<==\ _< : References to Recent Literature - 9 who are most prone to accidents. Also, during slack periods, only the most efficient equipment is used and it is usually the safest. It is possible, too, that during a depression, injuries are not reported to as large an extent be cause of lost time and pay. The problem is, however, or.e of assiduous safety training of new and rehired men. 728 SICKNESS AND ABSENTEEISM AND MORTALITY IN MEMBER CEMENT PLANTS, 1937, n. J. R. Curtis. Portland Cement Assoc., Chicago, 111. (June 1938). In this 22 page mimeographed report, sickness absenteeism of 81 cement plants is analyzed ana compared with similar data for 1937 by the U. S, Public Health Ser vice. The report shows that the health of employees in the cement industry is comparable to that of any group of the same economic status. No correlation was found between the illness rate and degree of exposure to operating conditions in the plants. The death rate for tuberculosis was 0.07 per 1,000 which is 8$ lower chan that given by the National Tuberculosis Association for employed males from the 1930 U, S. Census. 729 FREQUENCY CF DISABLING ILLNESS AMONG INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES DURING 1932-37 AND THE FIRST vLiRTER OF 1938. William M. Gafafer and Elizabeth D. Frasier. U. S. Pub. Health Repts. 53, 1562-71 (September 2, 1938). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D. C., for 5 cents, cash. Records were obtained of cases of sickness and non-industrial injuries lasting 8 consecutive days or longer during 1937 for which benefits were paid to members of 29 industrial sick benefit, -ssociations, representing a total of approximately 20,000 cases for 200,000 males and 2500 cases for 17,000 females. The exact fre quency of sickness and non-industrial injuries among males was 99.5 cases per 1000 as compared with 86.7 for 1932-36} for the females the corresponding rates were 151.1 for 1937 and 144.6 for 1932-36. Grippe and influenza were more preva lent in 1937 than in the average of 1932-36, 43jfc greater in males and 18$ greater in females. There was also some indication among both sexes of an increasing trend in a number of other diseases and a decreasing trend in others, but the differences do not seem especially significant. This record is contrasted with __ other reports showing 1937 to be a low year in disease records, but it is pointec out that they are obtained from mortality statistics and indicate a low percent age of deaths, while the authors' figures refer to sickness and non-fatal injur ies only. The frequency rate for sickness and non-industrial injuries for the lot quarter (obtained for males only, 95.8 cases per 1000 males) was the lowest rate for that period since 1934. 730 DISCUSSION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS aND DISEASES. REPORT OF 1937 CONVENTION. International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, York Harbor, Maine. U.S. Dept. Labor, Div. Labor Standards Bull. No. 17 (1938). The subjects covered wore: legislative problems of the Workmen's Compensation Act, administration of an occupational disease law, problems of insurance, med ical subjects, safety and rehabilitation, and the business meeting. Two inter esting papers were those of Dr. Greenburg on the diagnosis of occupational dis ease and Mrs, Tousant on the choice of physicians by injured employees. Volun tary plans of insurance, the advantages and disadvantages of a State Fund, and details of Workmen's Compensation Act Administration are discussed at length. 731 COMPENSATION OF INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. A. Fell. Prosse med. pp. 763-4 (1938). (French). In the January 7, 1937 issue of Presse Medical, was published a list of about 100 industrial diseases that should be reported. The present list is of reportable industrial diseases that should be made compensable. The French list is 03117880 HW8B-00079/ References to Recent Literature - 10 * HMft-00079. unusual ir. that it includes not only the disease itself (e.g. lead poisoning) but also forms of it that are covered by insurance (e.g, load colic, lead rheu matism, etc.), and the occupations and industries in which those clinical symto complexes are compensated. The method by which industrial diseases are reporte and compensated is given and the forms used. 722 WOMEN IN INDUSTRY. M. H, Kronenberg. Ir.d. Med, 7,, 563-75 (September 1938), V/cnen have always been employed in industry and thc-ir numbers and extent of em ployment has steadily been increasing. They present a separate problem which cannot be overlooked. Two important aspects of the situation are: (1) that women are known tc be more susceptible to industrial poisons (a3 lead and benzol) than are men and (2) that care must be used in their employment both before and after childbirth, often a serious consideration. In general, they require better health provisions than do men. 733 THE ENGINEER'S PLACE IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Warren ... Cook. Ind. Med. 7, 551-5 (September 1528). Ir. this p^per, addressed particularly to plant engineers, the author tells of their problems, together with suggestions as to their activities. One of them is tc be thoroughly acquainted with all materials used in the plant and to be informed on their possible toxic effects. He should be informed as to sources of information if he does not have the services of a plant physician. When the hazards are known it is sometimes net a difficult matter to change the process in some way or to install methods to reduce the hazards. Most industrial states have- industrial hygiene departments which are usually the most available source of information. 734 INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST VENTILATION, CENTRIFUGAL EXHAUST FANS. John L. Aldan. Heat. & Vent, 25, 60-4 (September 193S). See note on Abstract No. 524 in our July bulletin. Because fans arc rated in different terms by different manufacturers it is neceSu ary to understand the basic considerations in order tc make comparisons. Velocit.pressure, static pressure and impact pressure are defined, discussed and shown graphically in a clear manner. Power consumption, effect of density on power, and general performance corves are discussed and shown graphically as are also speed, fan size, fan types, wheel types and fan drives. The most common type of f--n used in industrial exhaust ventilation is the planing mill exhauster, a heavy rugged fan built to withstand abuse. Most manufacturers build both "stan dard" and "slow speed" types and the author discusses items to consider in se lecting one or the other, "Slow speed" fans are larger, more expensive to oper ate, Noise and vibration, two objectionable features cf fans, are very diffi cult to eliminate. Checking static and dynamic balance or insulation may reduce vibration but it is thought that the noise is caused by the passage of the blades past the cut-off in the casing. The possibilities of adapting fans to use as dust separators is briefly discussed. Centrifugal inertia concentrates particles of different sizes which can be discharged into separate cutlet cas ings or into compartments of the same casing, 725 INSPECTING THE PLANT FOR HEALTH HAZARDS, Milton K. Kronenberg, Nat. Safety News 23, 53-4 78-9 (August 1938). r* complete plant inspection comprises 3 phases: (1) the preliminary or visual survey; (2) an exact quantitative study of the potentialities revealed by the preliminary study; and (3) an occupational morbidity and mortality stucty. The scope, methods and value of each are discussed. The responsibilities of the man agement, the physician, the engineer, the supervisor, the employee, the nurse, and the safety director, in applying the results of a survey and in maintaining good conditions are indicated. 031178S1 r?\ c references to Recent Literature - 11 736 AIR CONDITIONING IN RELATION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. W. H. Carrier. Ind. Med. 563-9 (September 1938). Air conditioning was first developed in industry to maintain certain conditions required in the manufacture of hygroscopic products, such as textiles, tobacco and chocolate. Its principles were soon extended to controlling conditions for human comfort. In those industries in which air conditioning was installed prim arily for control of product, it has been found that the conditions were also beneficial to the workers. Numerous examples ire cited in which control of tem peratures and .tumidities has resulted in better health, greater efficiency, better morale, and decreased illness. This, together with scientific research on optimum conditions, makes air conditioning an important feature of industrial hygiene. 737 itCi VITHQD FOR AIR FILTERS. Richard S. Dill, U.S. Bureau of Standards, Wash ington, D. C. Heating, Piping & Air Cond, IQ, 549-51 (August 1938). The procedure for testing air filters in use by the Bureau of Standards is des cribed, with mechanical details, 738 AIR FILTER PERFORMANCE AS AFFECTED BY KIND OF DUST, RATE OF DUST FEED AND AIR VELOCITY THROUGH FILTER. Frank B. Rowley and Richard C. Jordan. Heating, Pip ing & .-.ir Cor.d. 10, 539-48 (August 1938). Reprints exhausted. A tentative code for testing air filters was adopted by the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers in 1935, but there were a number of controvers ial points undecided at that time. The investigation reported was for the pur pose of settling some of those points, including methods of measuring dust con centrations, preparation of a suitable synthetic duet mixture, maximum dust con centration not affecting performance of the filter, and choice of representative air velocity through the filter. Experimental details, conclusions and points on which further investigation is needed, are presented. 739 PROGRESS IN DUST PROTECTION. Heinz Eisenbarth. Gasmaske IQ, 35-8 (1938). (German). The construction of dust filters manufactured by the Auer Company in Germany is described and illustrated by photographs and drawings. 740 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FEATURES TWO-STORY FOUNDRY. Pat Dwyer. Foundry , 22-4 54-9 (September 1938). Improvements made in the foundry department of the Otis Elevator Company's plant at Yonkers, N.Y., are described and illustrated by a number of photographs. All phases of good housekeeping have been considered, including the installation of exhaust apparatus of various types and manufacture. 741 HURON ELIMINATES DUST IN BkG HOUSE ,.ND BULK LOADING. Rock Prod, 41, 63 (Septem ber 1938), Ir. the plant of the Huron Portland Cement Co., at Detroit, dust is largely elim inated from the bag house by the use of a perforated table top on which the bags era sorted. The top contains about 4000 holes and is connected to a hopper and down drift exhaust leading to a dust collector on the floor below. A similar perforated top is used in the bag repair room, also equipped with a slot which draws a continuous curtain of air past the operator's face. A suction 'system applicable to loading of either box or hopper cars is also described. 03117882 Htf88-6007979 --TS 2^ References to Recent Literature - 12 (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons. Cancer. Dermatitis. etc. 742 TSiPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN MINES AT GREAT DEPTHS J, K. Dobson -and ff. A. ffalker. Colliery Guardian 157. /155-40 (August 5, 1933) This is a discussion of humidity and temperature conditions in deer nines from the engineering and mathematical standpoints, with brief statements ;f v;hat ha been accomplished in South Africa and what may be expected in the future. Among the conclusions derived by the authors is the superiority of water or brine ever _ir as a medium to convey cosiness to the points desired. Another is the impor tance of determining the exact location of the regions in the mine requiring priority treatment, and confining the cooling to places of actual work. All in dications point to bring!' : mining operations up to depths of 1G,000 feet and aver, within the pale of economic practicability so far as mine cooling is con cerned, thus tending to prolong the lives of existing mines by many years and greatly increasing the prospects of newer mining areas. 743 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF PROLONGED MUSCULaR WORK. E. Andrieu and G. Trechinos. Travail hunair. 6., 11-38 (1938). (French). The authors investigated changes in respiration end circulation when hard work is carried out in the morning *fter sleep and when the same work is done in the evening after ?. work day. After discussing the literature, the authors write of their aim experiments which were made by two medical students on a treudwheel. One of the students was used to cycling, the other had never done much, -although this apparently made little difference in the experiments. The results showed that hypervenilation of the lung was marked during fatigue, also vital capacity, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide given off. Acceleration of the heart dur ing work in a fatigued condition is slight, blood pressure lowered. 744 THE PERMISSIBLE WORKING TIME IN HIGH TTMPERATURES .JJP HUilDITIES. 0. Ehrismann ana A. Knsse. Arch. f. Gewerbepath, u. Gewerbehyg. , 611-38 (1938). (German). The authors made experiments in a conditioned room of the Berlin Hygienic Insti tute to test the effect of temperature and air humidity on capacity and skin persoiration. Air motion was kept low to simulate conditions in mines and the results were to bo used as a basis for laws covering hours of work in mines. One skilled miner and two students served as subjects. The results are present ed in a number of charts and tables. It was found that the effective temper atures of Yaglou and his collaborators was better suited to determine the capa city threshold than the Kata thermometer. Taking 60% of the original capacity as the point where a decrease in work time is necessary, the authors conclude that 5C wet bulb constitute the upper limit for the normal working time. Skin perspiration varies widely and its behavior is not reproduced regularly by the dry or wet Kata valuej also agreement with the effective temperature is not pre dictable. 745 THE NEED FOR PROLONGED ARTIFICI, RESPIRATION IN DROWNING, ASPHXIATION AND ELECTRIC SHOCK. G. Gates. R. E. Gaby ind ff. Machlachlan. Canadian Med. Assoc. J, 39, 120-3 (nugust 1938). In this short article the authors cite several examples of persons who have been revived by persistant efforts of life savers administering artificial res piration. Several persons who hud been under water for periods cf 9 to 25 min utes were saved. There is a classic case of a man who received an electric sho* of 26,000 volts and was revived after 8 hours work by his rescuers. Great emphasis is laid on the need for immediate application of artificial respiratio: The- second point emphasized is that urti al respiration must be continued until tne body has grown cold or rigor mortis sets in. A victim can frequently be saved even though no heart beat, pulse or respiration can be detected by a physician. 03117883 Ht <iBB-000798i References to Recent Literutu.re - 13 746 `OIL CHARACTERISTICS IN RELATION TO DISTANCE FROM INDUSTRIAL CENTERS. . M. McCool end Mehlich. Ccr.trib. Boyce Thompson Inst. j?* 353-69 (1938). Reprint^ iv-iil-ble from Doyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 1086 North 3roadway2 Yonkers, N. Y, ooil from near the industrial centers of Philadelphia and St. Louis 'nd vicin- ^ ities was analyzed so as to obtain a possible correlation of soil content with i*9 quantity of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Natural fumigations of the order* of magnitude studied canned no appreci?cle /.Iteration in th soil ch/.ricteristies .s indicated by H values, titratable acidity, base-exchange capacity, replace able calcium ..r.d magnesium, sulfur content jnd percentage of S `nd, silt and clay of soil. The slight -aciiul.ition of certain soils tested is much less than the -ciduiation due to natural processes in the soil and could be overcome by lime. It is evident from the results that soils about centers of considerable sulfur dioxide production, like St. Louis, hove not been notice.ably altered in spite f many years of exposure;. nitrogen .it- sulfur contents of leaves within *nd at different distances from INiu5ThI.iL CENTERS. M, M McCool ana Arnold N. Johnson. Contrib. Ecyce Taampsor. Ir.st. 2* D71-S0 (1038). See note on preceding abstract. In addition to the investigations on soil characteristics, observations were .v.i.dc on growth conditions of /citation in the Camden, N, J,, East St. Louis, 111., and St. Louis, Mo., regions. Nitrogen, to till sulfur and sulfate sulfur were determined in leaves of several plants, varying from small weeds to trees. The tot.l and sulfate sulfur contents were then correlated with distance from the industrial center. Nearly all the tests with the same plant on the some soil showed a slight decrease in sulfur content with increase in distance, in /lost cases too small to be significant, but when they are considered as a whole, the preponderance of results in the same direction indicates slight but definite correlation. Other tests have shown that the sulfur content of plants may be increased greatly 'without injury. There was no relationship between total sul fur content ana amount of nitrogen in the leaves. 743 CONTROLLING L*L EXPOSURE. R. Kehoe. Nat. Safety News 54-6, 80-2 (September 1938). although improved methods of protection have led to a decline in the death r?.te from lead poisoning, hygienic conditions ire still bad in many snail plants. It is unnecessary to m/Jce sweeping changes to secure adequate protection. An over whelming proportion of cx3es of industrial lead poisoning is due to inhaled lead :.nd atmospheric lead s.nould be determined whore there is suspected exposure. Study of absorption and elimination of lead in the body give a reliable clue to the extent of poisoning. Dangerous lead absorption sometimes occurs .as the re sult of apparently insignificant changes in .technical procedures. The indus trial physician should look for sources of exposure r .ther than confine himself to the treatment of cases. The safe limits of exposure are not fully known, but there is apparently a point below which load is eliminated as fast as it is take into the system. 749 METHOD FOR THE di LYSIS OF DUST ,-JID FUMES FOR LEAD .LID ZINC. Samuel Moskowitz and iYilljLnr. J. Burke, Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y, State Dept, of Labor, eo Centre St., New York City. J. Ir.d. Hyg. & Toxicol. 2, 457-64 (September 1958) . Reprints obtainable from senior author. Dithizonc is t;e best reagent known for the estimation of lead .r.d zinc in small quantities. The methods used are two involving colorimetric comparison and one iii which titration ic used. The authors favor the titration method, especially when only i few s-jcples are to be analyzed. Their method consists in the extrac tier, of the met-1 as a dithizonc complex, removing the excess dithizone reagent, 03117884 HWBB-000798" References to Recent Literature - 14 decomposing the complex, and titrating the liberated dithizone against a stan dard lead nitrate solution. By suitable manipulation, lend ar.d zinc can be determined in the same sample. Analyses of solutions with known amounts of lead and zinc disclose the precision of the method to b^ 0.001 mg. when less than 0,050 mg, of the metal3 is present in the original sample. Directions are given for avoiding interference by copper, tin and bismuth. 750 THE ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF UaL ARSENaTE IN MAN. Lawrence T. F-.irh.dl and Paul \ Neal. U. S. Pub. Health Repts. 5, 1231-45 (July 7.7, 1938). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D. C., for 5 cents, cash. *n investigation was undertaken in order to determine so far as possible, (1) the extent to which lead arsenate is absorbed, (.) the route by which the r.fcsvrbed material is eliminated from the system, (3) the systemic effect of snail .mounts on man, and (4) the effect of ingested ammonium chloride plus a low calcium diet on possible storage following ingestion of lead arsenate. On account of the necessary careful experimental control, only human experimenta tion could be used. Each of two men ingested 100 ng. if lead arsenate over a period of 10 days while on a controlled diet. The degree of absorption, path of excretion and toxicity of the dosage were evaluated. Variations of the cal cium content of the diet and the effect of change in hydrogen ion concentration as induced by ammonium chloride were noted. One significant fact is the extent to which lead arsenate is broken down within the human organism. The lead largely excreted in the feces whereas the arsenic is almost completely elimin ated in the urine. A second fact of significance is that by careful physical examination and medical observation throughout, no evidence of injury to the two individuals from the ingestion of 100 mg. of lead arsenate taken over a period of 10 days was apparent. This result implies nothing is to the possi bility of toxicity from massive doses or from the daily ingestion of snail amounts over longer periods. The effect of the ingested ammonium chloride and low cilcium diet upon the lead output was not as great as was anticipated and no simple definite conclusions can be drawn. The difference in the paths of excretion followed by the arsenic and load shows that complete solution of lead arsenate occurs at some stages in passing through the intestinal tract. 751 RELATION 3ET,'JEEN LEr.D POISONING, VASCULAR CHANGES AND PORPHYRI*. J. Putnoky and St. Sumegi, Arch. f. Gewerfcepath. u. Gewerbehyg. 570-90 (1938). (German). The authors experimented on white rats in which they induced a subacute lead poisoning (death within 7 to 4 weeks). The blood pressure changes were not striking, both rise and fall were noted. Adrenalin sensitivity was increased, usually as the period of poisoning progressed. At autopsy, they found not only a normal porphyrin content in the gastro-intostinal tract but also porphyrin in kidneys and bone marrow. A temporary concurrence of porphyrinuria and increased adrenalin sensitivity was found. 752 LEaD ANALYSES OF HaIR aS ^ INDICATION OF EXPOSURE TO LEAD. Joseph L. Melnick and George R. Cowgill, J. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 399-902 (1938). The administration of lead salts to young white ruts did not lead to an in creased amount of the metH in the hair. In man \ high lead concentration in the hair indicates that the individual was exposed to high concentration of lead dust. 753 CafiBCN MONOXIDE HE.iD.iCHE AND aNOXEMI.w May R. Meyers. Ind. Bull. 1, 317 (July 1938). Obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y. State Dept, of Labor, 0 Centre St., New York City, It is generally agreed that most of the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning can be attributed to anoxemia, due to the depletion of blood and tissue oxygen by 03117885 .< : References to Recent Literature - 15 the carbon monoxide. It has also been assumed that carbon monoxide headache ij caused by edema of the brain resulting from anoxemia. Dr. Mayers presents irg^g ocnts against the latter assumption showing that the characteristic headache ijs experienced when the concentration of carbon monoxide is toe lew to produce se* ious anoxemia, and that other causes of anoxemia, such as ascent tc high alti-EJ tudes, do not cause similar headaches. Sh: suggests that the known greater to*: laities of mixtures of carbon monoxide may to some extent account for the head ache, and urges further study of poisoning by lew concentrations of carbon xonoxaae. 754 C.BBON MONOXIDE PSEUDO-HEMOGLOBIN, THE LhTE DETECTION OF CaEBON MONOXIDE POISON ING ,diD C,,RB0K MONOXIDE EFFECT ON THE JilMnL ORGNISM. G. Barkan. Dtsh. mod. Wchnschr. 64, 656-40 (1938). (German), Psuedo-hemoglobins ire intermediates in the course of physiologic.1 conversion of the blood pigment into bile pigment. They accomp-ny the real blood pigment in amounts of Sk oz hemoglobin. The iron in it is easily split off. The "relative carbon monoxide affinity" of psuedo-hcmoglobin is significantly great er than that of hemoglobin. In the action of carbon monoxide, the checking of the total iron splitting off from the blood, in dilute .acid, is really signifi cant, This condition serves as a useful diagnostic s.id in carbon monoxide poisoning; perhaps pathogenic action is also involved ind con contribute to the understanding of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. 755 GftjES FROM CARBON aP.CSj E3ENCE OF OZONE, R, W. Coltman and H. G. MacPherson. Research Laboratories, Nvtionol C .rbon Company, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. J, Ind. Hyg. & Toxicol, >, 465-7 (September 1938). Reprints probably obtainable from senior author. In the earlier work of the authors and collaborators, the possibility of the presence of ozone- in the combustion products of carbon .arcs was discussed. Other investigators had apparently detected thw presence of a small quantity of ozone. The authors point out r. source of inaccuracy in the experiments, in that nitro gen peroxide- is not removed efficiently by an alkaline permanganate solution. In experiments in which the gases wore condensed under liquid air, evaporated fraction illy, and examined spectroscopically, it was sho-wn that no o2one was present. Its absence is also shown by spectroscopic examination of the mixed gases, as well as strongly indicated on theoreticll grounds, 756 POLLUTION OF iIR BY DIESEL ENGINES. M .urin '.nd Kling. Rev. petrolifero No. 76o, 49-55 (1938). (French). The carbon monoxide content in the exh -ust g^s of Diesel engines is very low (0,3..-0.5%), at most 1.5% through intentional maladjustments of the engine. The ...mount of smoke and its odor arts lvss at full load than under part load. Un burnt solids and liquids are always present in the exhaust, being in the form of lubricating oil, organic acids, aldehydes, and oxides of sulfur. Purification by moans of a water bath and cyclone-type separator in series is c-ip-.ble of eliminating "0 gm. (79%) out of '30 ,jm, of solids and liquids, the other ?1% being removed with an activated carbon filter. Addition of sodium carbonate or lime tc the water bath is recommended. 757 LESIONS OF THE KIDNEYS AND LIVhK Of hsBBITb POISONED EY INHL<iTION OF CARBON TETRf.CIiLOKIDE V.iPOK. P-steur V llcry-R- dot, G. M'-uric, A. Dom-'rt and MUe. 0 uthier-i/ill rs. Compt. rend, soc, biol. ldb. 4ES-5 (19ob). R-.ir.bita wore -.lluwou to bre.-the ir containing c.-.rbon tetr ichloride vapor under observation several weeks and wore finally examined for lesions of the kidneys, i.lr^nals md liver. Thu lesions were quite variable. Prolonged albuminuria and urocilinuria were nearly -vlvnys producod. 03117886 HUBS-' 6007984 F.eferenews to Recant Literature ~ 15 75d EXPERIMENT, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING IN IHS C^l. I. INFLUENCE OF CAL CIUM ADMINISTRATION, a, Cantarow, Harold L. Stewart and David R, Morgan* J. Fhe.rm icol. 63, 153-72 (1938). If 0.3 cc. carbon tetrachloride per kg. is injected subcutaneously, the mortal ity is about 33$. The hepatic lesions are described in detail. Repair is com plete in the survivors in about 14 days. >. a group given 7 cc. of 10$ calcium glucog ilactogluconato daily after the c vrtcr. tetr .chloride-, the r.ort ality ^.s reduced.to h-lf and there was much less hep-tic cell disintegration nd less impairment of the functional -activity of the Kupffer cells. 759 HE.I.TH HtZ d o IN THE DRY-CLEANING INDUSTRY. .. PRELIMIN.JiY REPORT OF , SURVEY Or DRY-CLEWING ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE DETROIT MLTR0P0LIT.il .JiZ... Willi j- H. Cary, Jr., and John M. Kepler. Am. J. Pub. Health 8,, 1029-41 (September 1933). Reprints probably obtainable from the Bureau of Industrial Hygiene, Dept of Health, Detroit, Mich. This is the report of a survey of dry-cleaning establishments in .nd near Detroit in -which the city and state Bureaus of Industrial Hygiene cooperated, .-jr. in teresting description of the entire diy-clenning process and of its historical development is included. At tno time th..t most of the present regulations were drawn, the only hazard was that of fire from gasoline, which was the usual sol vent. Avoidance of fire haz.rds h .s proceeded in two directions, n. .mcly, the use of higher boiling hydroc arbons -nd of chlorinated hydroc irbons, The latter substance.- are now used very extensively, and have introduced u toxic risk. On account of expense, these solvents must be reclaimed, and wholly or partly closed systems are used, but unsafe concentrations were often found in the surve;. Dermatitis, usually light, is ilso common. Lists of spotting agents and f mothproofing -.gents are included. M .ny of these *.lsa involve h .zardous expo sures. Other hazards of the industry are unn .tur-al posturc3, tenovitis, exces sive humidity, moisture, he at nd c irbcn monoxide, but they .re of minor signi ficance- in comparison '.nth vapor exposures. There is little legal regulation of the present hazards of this industry, 760 CHLOR.iCETYLENE SOLVENTS. TOXICOLOGY OF TRICHLORETKYLENE ,JID OF TiSTR.*CHLOIUSTH;NE. Gasq, Bull. Zt-v. soc, phirm. Horde, u, 75, 77-101 (1937). (French); Chimie et Industrie. 38, '101. (French). .acute intoxication due to trichlorethylene m nifosts itself in m any by narcosis r.d loss of equilibrium -nd of sensitiveness. Postmortem ex min .tion shows a generalized congestion of all the organs. Chronic intoxic .tion produces nervous disturb ncs: paralysis of trigeminal .nd optic nerves and polyneuritis. The toxic dose has not yet been definitely established, but it arould seem that limit of 5 mg. per liter should Do set as the maximum trichlorethylone concen tration of industrial atmospheres. Totr.cnlureth.inc -also pruducos narcosis. Its prolonged -ction manifests itself by g -.stric troubles and ictera, frequently severe. It acts also on the nervous system. Industrie vtmospheres should not cont ain more than 1 mg. totr-.chloreth me per liter. 761 C*o. OF SEVERE aCUT* NEPHRITIS FROM INH.X.JION OF G iRBON T dliuCKLORIDE. Pasteur V .llry-R;Uot, G. M -.uric and a, Donnart. Bull, et m, Soc. Hop. .54, 803-9 (1938). (French). .: wom-nr. who used c-rbon tc-tr^chloriuo at homo for doming, fell ill with nausea, vomiting, back -.cho and oliguri- . On tho P.ord and 24th clays after the poisoning, she produced only 60 cc. urine (for the a u -.ys altogether), From the 6th day her condition h '.d improved after injections of hypertonic sugar solution; the diuresis increased gradu .lly, ..ftur month she left the hospit 1 and evontu.lly w..s completely cured. In the discussion, Boiuin reports on severe nephritidos ;ne f-.t.l, nor.g 5 young people who h .d spr .yea themselves, in a moment of cxubev.nco, vith . fire extinguisher Cent;icing carbon tetrachloride. 03117887 HDB^B798 r-ciercf.Ccc 732 IRICKLORETKYLENE. Nation-.1 Safety Council, Industrial Data Sheet D-Cher.>7. N*t. S-fety News ,37, (March 1938). Obtainable from National Safety Council by its members for 5 cents. The principal hazardrf trichlorethylene is that of poisoning by inhalation of its vapor. It does not normally decompose in the presence of water and of the common industrial metals. However, in contact ./ith open flames, ires, or ligh ed tobacco, the vapor decomposes with the formation of toxic and corrosive sub stances such us hydrochloric acid and phosgene. The vapor is toxic, but is le so than those of most other chlorinated nyurocarbons. One state hrs set tne maximum allowable concentration at 200 pares per million. It is b-.lioved th-.t a concntr-tion detectable by odor constitutes a health hazard. The .ction of trichlorethylene is apparently not coreulicive, .nd under normal conditions .nd re-sen-able precautions, it m-.y be used -;,ith safety. Its anesthetic effects arc smil-r to those of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, but it dees not seem tc Cause fatty degeneration of the liver. Temporary exposure tc high concentra tions his caused irritation and digestive disturbances, usually of short dura tion. Contact with the skin may cause it to be dry and cr .eked, .nd Iso pro duce the s .me effects 's inhalation. In c se of poisoning, the patient must be removed to fresh air, .nd artificial rcspir..tion with carbon uloxide-^xygen mixtures suould be administered if necessary. a physicim f-.nil^r with the treatment should be consulted. 763 C.aoEii Of TRICHLORETHYLENE POIoONING WITH oPECI.i REFERENCE TO CHEMICAL CLEANING 0 WORKS. E. Schiotz, Nordisk Mtd, Tidsskr. lji, 306-13 (1938). (Norvegiin), Described ^re the extensive uses of this compound in industry, its importance in industrial hygiene, and also the usual clinical piitures presented in this form of poisoning. In the years 1932-35, only 4 cases of trichlorethylene and 2 cases of carbon tetrachloride poisoning have been notified to the Factory- Inspection Board of Norway. Further investigations disclosed, however, that many cases had occurred but hud not been reported. In 18 cleaning plants "tri" poisoning w.-s detected in 13 persons -nd 16 were found to have previously been poisoned one or more times. In most cases the poisoning w-is slight although some of the symptoms found wore temporary dysarthria, loss of memory, narcomania (craving for trichlorethylene),emaciation and eczema. The usual symptoms were feeling of inebriation and languor as well as sleepiness after the day's work, Norwegian doctors -re now obliged to report cases of poisoning by halogenated hydrocarbons of the aliphatic series since they are included among the compens- ibis occupational diseases, 764 TOXICITY OF ETHYLENE IMINE. J. P. Dancny and D. J. Pflaum. Ind. & Eng. Chore. _0, 776 (July 1938). Doses of 0.03 gm. of ethylene imine hydrochloride per kgm. of body weight causes death to guinea pigs in 10 hrs.,0.1015 gr.. in 24 hours. The authors' experiences show that the vapors (concentrations not given) if inhaled for 2 to 3 minutes are definitely toxic to hum-ns. There are no immediate symptoms but vomiting begins about 2 hours after exposure. Buccal epithelium becomes in flamed and edematus, and the eyes .re very much inflir.ed. After 1 or 2 days the symptoms disappear entirely. Two drops of the imine dissolved in 0.5 ml. water were injected into u c:.t, Within -ai hour the hind quarters wore paralyse and in 10 hours thv. animal died, autopsy showed stomach and kidneys to be .lk'.line in re-ction. 765 PREVENTIVE xCTION {JJD THERAPY WITH LECITHIN -ND CHOLESTERIN IN ANILINE POISONIN C. Sellesini. Med, del 1 .voro ^9, 104-18 (April 1938), (Italian). Experiment .1 studies on the p thology of ..cute .nilir.e poisoning in rabbits are discussed. The results obtained imiic.te th't lecithin '.nd cholestrin .-.re 03117888 HHBB-000/988 helpful. The author cl-.lms that these substances by sore -.ctior. r.eutr liac th effect of .niline, u:iline v/. 3 given subcut vneously in ..mounts c:' 1.5 gm./kg. resulting in de.th to the tnimils. 736 ACUTo INTOXICATION Ifr. :`_TLIN_ GIL. Giusoyoe Castrcvilii, ?. .sc. red. -ppl. 1 ivoro ind, 9, 107-15 (1925), (It.?i rj. . description of c no of .cut*, intoxic ,t;.or. produced by insecticide con fining - .nd p-tcluiaine. The p tior.t r: .0 traiced with svtout nomas injec tions of oxvren. PRIMARY Z-1.2.-Jr:b 2: TH T iJi'Gw Of MIC* C.-.'JbiD BY Si LIGHTTn OILe G? CC.-.L I .uidro Klarg, Lionel . rt.ror.ov' ir.d tviarnnori te ;ros. Oompt, rend. ',06. 1-66-77 (193b) . .v p rtieul.r lignt 0-.1 t..r oil, boiling ;t 76-'`C0oC, produced cute toxic symptowhen rucKJ on t;u.- skin cf mice. Alien diluted 1 to 10 in Nujcl it could be applied rape .tr-u. y without c easing too m*ny server;- .ttneks. In r. oxpori.runt in .'hi oh t.ic s lutior: .v .s rubbed on the l-.ck* of 30 mic- t.ncv \ vc-ek for months, o7 mice succer.ccd ;ft_r pulnon' ry ir.fl..r.-xv. t.'.cn, tae first pulmonary c mc-T eppa'.red m CO vocks, -.nd 16 of the c survivals died 1 tor ;.'ith pulaon..rv c ncors, No skir. lesions -.ope red. .. fluorescent substance obt .inud from the vil by chroz.at >t .nnic methods v.-s idcntifi-.c c hcr.acpyroru:. 763 BEILENE IN THE P.-.INT -.NT VdGIIoH INGUoII-.Y. i-olwr Moyer, fa*.' a. Lock. 1958, p..lO (G'.r-'.n). Ihi- rev;.-.; omph..sizes preventive measures for -.voiding poisoning by benzene, 769 HaZsJuw I'.L.IGoNT.iL TO INX0Tiu.1L UoEL Cr Nli'ROCZLLI.TLOob L.iGe.ULnb, Willii J. Bunco .r.a Leonard J. Gold-.- .ter. Inf. Bull. 17, 5li-o (July 1555), Reprints 0bt.ir.1hle from Div. .-f Ir.dustri 1 hygiene, N.Y. otnte Dept, of Liber, 30 Centre St,, Now Y-rk City. Thu ordinary nitrocolluleS- l.-cquer contains 5 basic ingrcdi.ntsj (l) nitro cellulose (2) solvents .'.nd diluents* (0) gums or rosins; (4) softeners or plasticizers; -.nd (5) pigments or coloring matcri .1, The v~-l tile ingredients -constitute `oout 6-4% by .'.ight of the- tot 1. Each ingredient is discussed with reference to its toxicity. The solvents include ester solvents, kntones -.nd others, .nd tnc diluents which -.re not solvents in themselves comprise benzine (petroleum n; phth 1), benzol or benzene, toluol, xylol, solvent niphth : and alco3c.nz.-nc, cthylc-rie glycol -.nd the lkyl give*1! cet..tes are the most poisonous of the substances whose t-xi-city ;.s known. The pi .sticizcrs, gum3 '.aid rasins nr-- in geueral non-tc-x:c ur.Uer the conditions -f use. :vjeng the pigments those c-r.t lining lead ire the only ones tc be f*-ar'-L. Most oi the potential hazard, then, both in toxicity mu iiifli-r.r ability, arises fr.-r. the solvents .nd diluents. The most effective ro..ns of cor.tr vl of both fire arv. health kaz irds is adequate ventilation. Hose or pres-ur-j type rusks ray be necessary in addi tion to,' but not as substitute for proper ventilation. V ri.ouo types rc suggested, depending upon th- p..rticul r process. The use of properly assigned sprr.y booths h-.s become- the st.na-.rr. metho.. for ventilating spray work. The three ty>-.e, the cabinet, canopy .nd tunnel booths, moot varying conditions aid the typo and hitcils must bo .1 itad t- the o rticul.-.r peration. Good housek.-eping'ic ess-w-nti-1, osp-ci ally in vivw -.'f th fire hiZ-ard, .-.^aTIo aOlT. Ma-ion .1 o--foty Council. IuaUitri il J it., cn^et w--ohem., 39. N.t, S.fety N.-wa 53, 56 (topturber 193C) . Obf.in.llo from N tK'n.l j.ifoty Co'ancil by its .'.;.:;earo at 5 cents. The princ'p.l inz rtia involved, in ..urk \rlth acetic acid .-.ro iid-.al ition of its v.poro, sw .llo.;ing of the liruia .-r :r/,st.-.ls, ni. cent ct of aha liquid cr 03117889 HMBB-d007987' References to Recent Literature - 13 crystals with the skin or eyes. Ihe odd his variei uses and is shipped in alu minum or stainless steel t ink c-rs or barrels and gl'ss carboys. Inhalation of the vapor irritates the membranes of the nose and throat. The vapor also has ?_n irritating action cn the eyes and skin. When the ic'.d is swallowed, the ac tion is painful to all tissues in contact with it. The f .tal dose is not defin itely known, but swallowing of ' wblespoonfuls h.-.s caused death in .dults. >'X. emetic should be used in case of swallowing and the skin should bo throughly ./ashed in case of contact. A physician should be called. Prevor.tr/_- measures include: (1) avoidance of contact with sodium peroxide or chrome or nitric aids; (2) use only in closed systems or with adequate exhausts; (3) rsspir-.tcry -r.d other personal protection; (4) prohibition of eating in exposed rooms; and (c) cleanliness. 771 EXPERIMENTAL VANADIUM POISONING IN THU WHITE Rvf. E. P. Daniel tnd E.D. Lillie. U.3. Pub, Health Eepts. 53, 765-77 (May 13, 1956). wodium met-:.v:ura;-.te in amounts to give 11.5, 23, 32, 164, ind 36C p.p.m, res pectively, of v.j:r.diuir. in the ration of rats produced toxic symptoms at the three highest levels. The animals receiving 11,5 and '--3 p.p.m. showed no gross 77^ symptoms of poisoning. Deaths occurred in the group given 366 p.p.m. of vanadiur Does of .! to 4 mg. of vanadium idministered daily by means of stomach tube caus *>: ed death in rats weighing less th .n 300 gm. in two to four days; heavier rats livea slightly longer. There -v .s no evidence of \ cumulative effect. Provided d ily tolermco w s not exceeded, r ts given a totl quantity far in excess of lethal dosage lived for weeks in norn.il condition. Symptoms of acute poison ing .re nervous re cti-jns, hemorrh gio exud .te from the nose and intestines, :r. rked di .rrhe , p r lysis of hind legs, ,nd 1 ibered respiration. Chronic effects are about the same to a less marked degree. 772 BERYLLIUM (GLUCINIUM), J. G. Gelmun. Occupation and Health, Supplement, Inter act. Labor Office, Geneva (January 1336)* (One of the supplements mentioned in Nus section of this bulletin) The author considers the properties, uses, industrial processes, sources of risk, toxic action, pathology, hygiene and therapy. Up to the present time, this element has not been important in industrial hygiene in the United States but it apparently is being used more and more in Europe. 773 CHRONIC INTOXICATION iillK M.-JIGANEbE, Michele Dragonetti, Rass. med. a pel. l.voro ind. 0 , 94-106 (1958). (It li n) . review of the liter ture on chronic n ng rose intoxication is -..ccompanied by the clinical description of . c .se. The author suggests the inclusion of this form of poisoning among the occupation.! diseases. A bibliography is included. 774 DEATH FROM NITROUS GAiES. Keicher. Arfceitsschutz, pp. 35-100 (1533). (German). Two men were cleaning brass rings with nitric acid, one dipping them into the -cid, the other drying them later with su.'dust. Trio fork was carried on in an otherwise idle foundry building .nd thw ceatiaor was extremely cold. Nitrous fumes evidently arose from the drying operations is this man liter died of poi soning by nitrous g.ses. The other man ;<as only slightly ill. 775 INJUKI Oi' ink EYE BY HYDROGEN oULrlLL Hi ilaJ KilHNLRY. V. A. Lichtnor. /icstnik Opht. 11, ?56 (1957). (Germ..i). The injuria-.used by hyorogen sulfiuo uou lly involve ir.o conjunctiva nnd ucc.as:on..lly the cornea. In the pretence of the gas ?r* the .tncspherc .in a concur.tr at.on of 1 mg. p^r later, the i-rur-uctive syrptons appeal t, the end of the 'orking d '/ and roach their r .xirtum intensity 4 or o Hours 1-tor. In tre tmunt, i.'onin .ffords relief but coc inc, bre use of its if act on the corno-.! 03117890 HMBB-0007988 r.u'fcT--nc=; or. ?..rcer.t liter ture - 0 epithelium, is cor.tr\inaic .tea. The .uthors .mp* oveuent ir. technic'1 cevicrr.ent -nd construction cf tne pi .nt In order to -limir .tc I* ;,c jj o:' g-.s and to improve ventil-t^ on. 776 iH FtTFCT Of .JioLTilC OH id*. *0X1 CITY 05 0' .!!!,*.. ..!. V.o.>'o... ocj.ence 01 (July . l-C-O . Comp r tive studies of tr.-i- toxicity cf sti-nlam, tellurium, reo:.:?, y ii-xr., nickel, tungsten n I molytdenu:.. h .ve she ci th t t the conccr.tr .ci-n* ut. :/ii the. only one to c'.eio sov-re liv:.r ics-ons l;: the- y.ts. Hits fed c-.l enii'-rouc gr.-.in do net .f'.'vclcv the char ctoristic 3.,'rntcmo /.'.-.on c -rse-.Oc -r eodi.u.7. Tser.it-.; is .ad-cd to c.h~..r ex-inking w- ter. Tr.U .:.o:n: of protw-ett -g-.irst 1-" p.p.m. j;:lwr.:.at. H-.1; this -.mount of rso/.'.c gives orJy p rti .1 pro: c.v5on. The ..rb.aic s-cr.n to give protection .gainst inorg.n- ic .3 ./ell s erg tie sol .-iium. It hoped th-.o / non-toxic sufctt no-; other th .r. .rs..ric .rlix te found h .v ,ng tho. s pr ,cc ctfvo cti.orv. 777 Ih'LiVIr.I -L .?.oi_NI~ irCIN INJURY I:i V'lNaYaRD t.ORKuRc. P tr* z. .rch. f. Derm toi. u. typhil. 1.6. 60o-l (Iso.), (Gena n) . nfto*- reviewing tn.c 1 iter .-.ur:.-, the uthor roperty on thr'-o c.*so? of chronic arsenic poisoning in vir.oyrd orkers. for Seven '.1 yi/'.rs -.11 h id spr-.ycd or a ruit-vd `.i-icnou.i insecticide. .It.nougu only ye. .sonnlly (one for only 3 d'-.ys in e .eh of the last o y..- rs), all .ino.:sd -.rsonLc racluoyl? -.r.d ker.tosis, ^ily o-.v; polyneuritis of slight degree ir. the femur-1 .nd percuo 1 region on both sides, .* ./ell .z '.crop .resthesi-..t. In this letter c..So, .'.tout 1-l/f--'' months afte-r beginning ./ork, there ,v*c frund 94 microgr-va % ;.ryonic in the urine. Sine?-. ox...:ir. it.ion of th.-; trine (which v x drunk fraa-ly by the p-tients) showed no .nenic, the occuu .tien .1 c use of the poisoning w-s cert .in, 77f 'iVS CifrhGI OF Ch.-i.Jw -ilcFN -.id ON I Ha LIVER, W, G. von Glftir,, F.B. Flinn* -nd r. Klein, Jr. .rch. cf P th. 4-..-. -o0l ( -pr.il 19S7). ::er!crc of experiments were [jerformed on r obits, r .ts ..nd ferrets to deter- : ine the effects upon the liver of ^upric nd le'd .rscn-.tes--the :.rsen-.tes most commonly used in iusecticiL.es on fruits nd vogc-t ables--\nd the protection provlacd V.y ; high curtohyarut.'-: al^t. bodiuin ;rsun\te /'vs used us c control g:.inst the copper .ind lc.vd. Of tht^ 46 rabbity to whom the -irsen tns were -d- uinistc-rt'G, 4 or 01% Gevelopeu cirrhosis of the liver. Recent or he led necrosis w s found in 31 livc-rs nd necroses confined to single cells in <i, Ph. go-cyt.rs in v .rying numbors .r.d pigment .tion ./ore found in 31 livers. In 79 of these, the. pigment gave >. positive rr.ction for iron. Nina- cf the rab bits snovved elide-J jaundice. R-.ts .id ferrets gcv_ consistently negative re sults, inaic.-.tvug a higher resist o.icj to the .ro .-r. tes . The ..uthors conclude th'.t 1j ;d, copper '.r.d sodium -.rsfu-'-tos pr-xluCs; siiv.ilir necrosis in livers af r .obits and that the he dLiag of tnos.: aocroso;- results in cirrhosis. Th-ty be lieve tho -ction is duo solely to rson-tes. In r debits fed i rich diet of ctrbohydr ;tos (bread `.nd pot .to-js), the inci<.'racs w y only G%t inuic-ting 1 protoctiv/- :Ctiar. -.f sert not completely o;cpl in bl-v. Interestingly cnoug:., they fo-jr.d the 1 .rgett .v-.r.ge -u..r.titi'.s of It-'ri, copper and -.rsonic in .hir.i ls in tni-i sarie-s. Th^ histologic >.l ;ppcir-.ncu .f the liver c^lls in- aic'.t'.d th-r-: '.r*.o moro glyccgr-n in th-se c-.-lls in the rdobits on high co.rbohy- drato th.'.r. in thesr -or. . low c ..rbouy ir .t. diet. 779 IhahdL- r,r. fHh D;.*aCfICN Cf TOXIC G u,-o IN INCUai-hY. II, HYDROGEN CY.iNIDE V..?0R. Dep rticont :-f XcLoncc .nd Iudustri 1 Rr/t/;-rch. H.M, ct -.tionury Offic.., London. 393d. This i,. tho si eor.d in o /rias cf 1- booklets on riiipplc methods for detection of nger-us g ;-.co in om 11 xu ntitici,, dcvolcped by the British Gcvorm.iojnt in 03117891 R:" r tac^ni .r tura - 1_ IfliBB-00079)89 cooper dor. (-' tn th. ..csoei :ior. of British Cher.:: 1 M \nuf usurers on hyu.-cgen sul^i*, -v * bs.r ;t~d in cur Ncv.-rc.r, IGo7 bulletin firs rod , concer.tr tion of 1 p rt in 52,COG o oner. ill &'ve si:f-y.s syir.p tors .fter sever 1 hours, 1 p .rt !n 10,000 ' s ;cg :rcus "it.:v.r. one ..our -nd 1 pure in 50C is r picily fct.l, The ratho-is icerLh..o lor. v 'll act cl concent teens ac./n to 1 f. .rt in If '..,000. Ino methods rs ucscric-.-i , the .n.-o i .no-cop- p-..r net ti. r.,,3t n-J the Coaco hea-siiv;.:- r.itr ;t.. test, r.0 * : . - i dr .t. through c por ;r'pr^br t-.-i 'itr. the proper :j gents . In the :'~kV~ ;.-.thol, tin .gone..- .re- t.an.iidu.w -ctf.tu ui copper ..ctt..-te end in th second mixture of Congo ?.cd oil. sil/cr aitr to. i'he intensity o f th-.- :tr .ins re comp xd i.-itr. st.nd-.rd;: to dc-t.:rrrJ.n~ the eoneentrctions. 7.0 hePO.-.I ,,:J 1H':. INVod'IG uICNo C .hi-.IeO ON IN THt oOHNezBURG DltTRICi U 1HE .-.Uihuf.Ii.v.ION C~ .HI GOVLuiMuriUi CCMlIdlON FGh ItlL FIGHflNG Or C.--NCFR. Stsc.pr. Krobnfcrs:h. 47 10:-il (1C30. C nc.r of the lu-.u h .s long tv-or. kre./n to be fr- jucr.t \mong Lchno-.burg minors, ind tnls p ;por .h.se."ibt.i progr m of _a #.xh :ustiv. study bdng rr. \d o to deter 5 mine under v/h .t conditions it occurs. ?il 'luPflvIM^JT i Oh Thr yU^TICN Of :Hu ;:CaN^_bURG CfdiCric OF i'H2 LUNG, h. lo-ii.r.r.rt. LtsChr. Krob-rifor^ch. u7_, 09-52 (100.). The vithor reports jxp.rirnts -n 'hieh Juice tore kept in .; bchnecbuEg mine .ui survived ' to 070 :>\yc. Most of tee .dmclj died from respir itcry infec tions. In 7 ..rim Is turners ..u-rn found, multiple in 0 c;s-.-s. Controls ere not mentioned, but th,- r.-jco v.'_Te fror . stock not kno.vn to exhibit much spontaneous .rcinom , '.s i>chmiUtc r.n h:.s ruled out rser.ic in the ore s c .use of the fcr.u.sburg lung tumor, the uthor thinks th t jn the nice, .3 in the miners, r alum n tlor: r. .y be th-. c u'-e. 7? F-FF'Ctf OF hhhfTNG SOILED IF ...i' ON lAPjhIMiiNT.Jj C dJCLfi. J, M isin, Y. Pourb .ix r.u ?. C y/T, ox. Ccirpt. x'-^nd. eoc. hid. 1 7. 1*77-6 (19bd). (French), Feeding 1 rg-. : our.es of cook-.n -u .. l gre .tly dear j .seed tiio incidence of c neer ir. r.i Co tre-.t-.d itr. benzopyrene. In possible oxpl.n-tion it is suggested th'.t the y.j ..tt supplies .r. " ntistyrsl" ir; .rhich c-Jicer tissue is deficient. 705 INFLUENCE OF VLr.I oidiiLL fOhb OF Dl?OhI.hiLDHYDL PEhOXIDie ON 'THE DiiVELOPKSNT OF B^iNZOPYruiNF C.diCiF. IN MICE. J, M/.isin, Y. Pourbuix .and P. C .c-ync-.ex, Compt. rcr.d. soc. bid. 107, 1*179-61 (123.*;). n 0.001 solution of diformnldohyci- peroxide, injected in 0.5 cc portions bivrcokly, h .etensd the development of benzopyrene c.-ncor in mice, on tho other h. nd, conccntr .txons of 10" to 1C"10 h d -.n inhibiting -ction, most noticeable v;ith . 10* solution. 74 THE EFFECT OF 1,: ,5,6-DISi5Z.iNTH:; fJLNn ON xK GhOnTH OF BROftN-PiNJlCS R3BIT d.JiCINOM;.. If. .x ujpel, ..Ifrci ., rtr use, G, Kolischor aid H. Necheles. \m. J. C .ncr 55, .'59-:' (12cJ). G.1L eolutiv: dibenz nthr eerie ia b-^ncene *'.s injected rubcut .r-cously, in 5 cc. d.)soc, f..ic. . week for 6 weeks before tr .nspl .nt .tic-n -.nd there .fter un til the d-,, .th ,f a::-; nir.-.l. In the tro-tci r.chits the enreinoma gr-.vr more rapidly ir.d m.-;ta.->t sicea rore ;-xtor.dvdy th ..n in the untre vtcd controls. Treat ment .;ith a lb .n,; a c.ar c-:n pp;. .r_,; to c use- "acre .sed susccptl oility' or ch -.ng- d d'spc&ition t1..- turner grevth. 03117892 mm U - 0 0 %?- <c I Liter iturc - a lCjN Or .UMCr-S BY o,0,5,6---'IS_a*YG -JiE.wjQLf lit iL_, MICs. Of xH.Y C L .1 cilt.'.I VKICii l)i-V'LOP bPCNT,GI.oOTdo HLP.-.iOM .. L.C, ocrcr..*, G.M. brdth nd r.'.U. 0 .rir.or. Y 1, J. Biol. & Med. Kit 555-16 (105%). . b.-naer.e solution cont .ining 0.1% 5,-,5,6-j 'henzo re tele '.int.nl oh tr.e skin of nice induced :. v riety of p .the 04io..i lesions. loo 1 r.-. ,`Uc nt. In .ectio of l. ng. dissolved in srs ue oil Kt .produce s rc.;r. . t tr.o site of the in i fjC t on \ l.ower:;.de infl^nrnation in the 1-vsr. Th- substance she. .-c-i .to cs- troyer ct:P/i ty ii.1 th.: mouse. , .CO 'Wi, * .Vi iii-j.;. . ili'Ie. iii- oho a K .rt. In;., ?!cu. 1 :'6u-6-. (5c->tember .1i'5r). Gent .c t \tr . f conetituting 50 or 60% of Cw-r.p ns `bl-a iu.iui--riil -. ;u-r-scs, it very iirporv r.t p..rt ^f tr.e work of the Industr: 1 physlcinn, Th-.. : .uses 0 ;r. i- cl .asified into tno typos j dsr^ct -rrituitw ru. .lL.vrrc.i t. In the first type r<_ such sucst-.r.ccs .a clus, ilk'Ii.s, i -t 1 suits, cert .ir chlc-rir.: coo-pour is, innee tri.l solvents -.r-... n.r.y ..thr-rs. I:, the llorgcr.cs, 3mv.<v eub- ti.nnes .s pi nt nils, ctrf.i.. iy.-ss, nt. r.urrurcuo ry :.ic sutst mc-ss produce u-.rr. .title only In curtain w-usct-itislv indivio.u vis. Of the tr:o types, the first is pr^b-ibly tk~ ;v>st importune.. The rather -<seutc-;5 the subject in gen- .r -1 :u. streams persist .nt c .sou which f \1 to dvr up fter discontinuing th*. opnr tier.. Correct d.` gnosis in nocossry v.-i its reportancs is rise c:n;0>;ic uUUT.A IN i'hLr.r:hNj: Of nCCXGaiib. G. Mojxras. Med. Klin. 5. 6*9-31 (ISoo) (G rrr. ,n}, C.t.cs >f chronic truur. r-e not 1,-g.lly censi,.l,.rjG s nee -'.dents in most coun tries cut ur-,, often conwx.ns :t.sd a inuuetri -.1 <ii*e sos. 6-jec ex.rples -re: sccu Is of work with corpressoa .ir tools, shovel sickness, .nd "marching sick ness." mother cxmple, specific lly rentien-ac., u; injury to the meniscus of the kne-e which c-.m develop frv even rod...r-.to us.; ;f tin. knee. Microscopic ex.r.in.-.tior. of the meniscus Jiseloa.-s severe fegonor tivu changes in the c.-irtilag. .3 0 result of chronic tr-.ur, , -sped .lly r;:ong miners, fleer 3 .yers, terr'-zzo workers r:d others. K3S, .Tills FROM WORKING wITH CRnOoOTL. G. f. 3irt;.v--d. Brit. Med. J. pp. lb (July 1930). (British). T.o c h.s re reporter of g rdcr.ors :ho experienced ker titis ft^r using creo sote to spr y upon fences. They 0 r.e unaer obscrv tion ftcr the -.cute st ge r. d subsided. In one of the sen th-j left oyo h 1 throe- sn. .11 gr -y n-.cul'o be>o-v the pupil nd nucio-rous so 11 gr-y snots ,.n the c.-rri. 1. There w-.3 permanent ir.p .Lrriont of vision. In the . eh_-r c:.rr tn left eye .-/.;s also iffoe ted. On 1. .eh side of the pupil #..s sr 11 gr.y aucul'.r p-tch ivith nuvcrv.ua sr. >11 gry/ specks me superfici .1 hizy k.r t'tij. The conditi:n c-ais-id . h .zy vision. When .Irops of creosote got int- eh., ry^c thy c .use . intense irritvticn und yro'-t pain, 1 'j eKIN fletKbid; FROM LUBRICATING OIL. A. F^il. Frogr.s Mac. 66, 757 (195-i) . (Frv-nch) . fer vil .e-.c to lev,-.'lop, the -.uther cens-dcra .'t n.coss.ry f.-r the oil te soft, the opi-lor*! is .'.rid r.spcc' -llv t'" r-*nc.-,r it iDii-resUtuit n .v.*.n., i-'.ys. In -.adi- tion, it is ncc^ss ;ry tor uust :v* util ^-.rt.clcs t., present Ln the oil ind :\.r c ctcri . to bs or-.sent on tne skin. He reports on .n coidoruic of skin irr5 V-tions Lr.vKviny oil cr.c ...e .r.fi.rtvt. uit.s Ith-.ugh nc injurious substances r.uld sc four. . in the -il. The trouble t .o^e'.r ,.nen the oil v-.s c no.ned, but ./hen coif = -.th-r c ...s. 03117893 tflfBB-8887$90 NUB References to Recent Literature - 23 O' o r>. 790 SAFECOAT INSULATING MATERIAL. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 110, 1771 (May 21, 1938). An electrician develops a dermatitis on hands and arms when working with wires fireproofed with"Safecoat.M Other types of insulation do not affect him. Theo reply points out that many of the chemicals used may be responsible for the skin eruption, perhaps chlorinated naphthalene or chlorinated diphenyl which may also cause serious systemic disease. 791 DISEASE OF THE SKIN AND FINGER NAILS FROM INDUSTRIAL CONTACT WITH ORGAN KEYS OF GALALITH. C. Simon. Bull. See. franc, de Dermatol, et Sypfcil. 614-7 (1938). (French). The author describes the disease of a 24 year old woman who developed eczema of the fingers and hands after playing an organ with galalith keys. By rub bing galalith on the finger tips, eczema could be induced. A button manufac turer reported to the author that he had frequently seen eczema among workers using galalith, especially those who softened it with steam. 792 TWO CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASE IN FLOWER BU>I&c5. H. Rabeau and Ukrainczik. Bull. Soc. franc. Dermatol. Syphil. 595-7 (1938). (French). In one case eczema which had appeared on the hands and fingers had been present for 13 years. It disappeared during vacations but the cause could not be ascer tained. In the second case it was shown by skin tests that there was hypersen sitivity to tulips (flowers, leaves, stalks) and since desensitization was attmepted in vain, the handling of tulips was discontinued. 793 INJURY TO THE SKIN BY ETHYLENE BROMIDE, A CONSTITUENT OF FLUID FROM A WATER- LEVEL INDICATOR. G. Plesser. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg. 8_, 591-600 (1938). (German). A careful investigation made in connection with a skin injury of a stoker causec by fluid from a water-level indicator showed that the fluid contained ethylene bromide. After prolonged exposure it caused a local irritation and marked gen eral symptoms in ^ne of nine experimental subjects. NEWS NOTE Mr. Henry D. Sayer, who has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Air Hygiene Foundation, representing the Association of Casualty and Surety Execu tives, has resigned his position to accept a post with the New York State Insurance Fund. In assuming his new duties Mr. Sayer takes with him the good wishes of Air Hygiene Foundation. 03117894 =T\ o ft <J4 *0 HtfBB-000/96/