Document 06VVY1je9dkJNdjY58K5G7max

. Inspection Trip Exposures - du Pont Pigment Division Titanium PIgnat Corpontian national Lead Company June 50, July 1, 1949 General Statement On June 50 Mr. I. V. Pasig and the writer Inspected the panel exposure tests of the da Pont Pipent Division at Vilsington, D(slavere. On July 1 we Inspected the panel exposures of the Titaniua Pignut Corp oration end the basic silicate white lead exposures of the national Lead Company, both at Sayvilie, Long Island. As usual, a considerable portion of our tine was spent on a review of the progrese of exposure* which had been inspected in previous visits. Therefore, certain details will be omitted where reference to earlier reporta will provide necessary background data. A re-reading of the general statement# on page 1 of the 1948 report shows that all the points stated therein also hold for this ysar. Further emphasis has beam placed cn the fallowing points, some of which are taken from the 1948 reports 1. du Pont continues to favor properly selected calcium carbonate ex tenders in tints but not la white*. Thsy concede that the replacaaent of magnesium silicate by calcium carbonate in leaded sine white faroulationa increases checking tendencies, and this is even further aggra vated in lead-free paints. 2. du Pont appears to bo wavering in their approach to formulation of paints. Their first move was to go from direct volume replacements to replacements cm the basis of "binder requirements." Because of consistency difficulties they are now confusing the picture by correcting consistencies by changing pipunt volumes, or replacing binder by thinner#, or changing the composition of tbs binder, etc. This stems to introduce too masy variables. Vs should attack this problem from the standpoint Of critical pigment volume con centration. As an example, total pigment plus extender volume could be held constant, than the CFVC determined for any change in pigmentation or binder, and the "free" binder held constant. Thus the ratio of pigment volume to free binder would be held constant and comparisons would be more valid and more interesting. 3. Lead-free painte -.unurt be considered as durable as paints contain-. ' ing appreciabla aiocunts of lead pigments, provided both are formu- V lated with the came ingenuity. At high Ti02 levels at least 35$ zinc oxide is required to control mildew. 0007-SWP-037194 -2- 4. du Pont continues to favor the use of chalk resistant titanium oxides in house paint primers. 5. The preferred position of bodied oil vehicles at the lower current levels is definitely established. 6. Trends toward higher titanium levels continue with a preference toward some control of chalking. $0% of the TiO* as free chalking anatase TiO, is a minimum requirmasnt for clean-up for white house paints. As has bean pointed out many times in the past, durability Increases as the chalking rate of the TIO, decreases. So far no solution has been found to impart maximum durability to a white of highest sustained appearance qualities. Robertson of TPC suggests about 20* total TiOa, half introduced as Titanox RC HT and half as Titanox A, at 33* PVC, using 40* of bodied oil of suitable viscosity. 7. The exposure progress of basic silicate white lead paints continues very satisfactorily. Robertson states that he would have no hesita tion to use basic silicate as the reactive load pigment in primers cr top coats. Special attention is required to control flow and pufflness. Canbinatione with 414 dry give satisfactory durability, with appearance qualities dependant on the characteristics of the 414 dry. 8. The large number of new binders for house paints suet be watched very carefully as some show very Interesting possibilities. du Pont Fitment Division - wT"i"fton. Delaware (a) Tl-Purs FT in Vhite House Pelnts - Cleaning See (a) page 10, 1948 report. The basic pigmentations in this series are (1) 10* TiOj/45* leaded zlnc/22.5* BCWL/22.S* magnesium sili cate, and (2) the typical Ti-Sil formula with 15* TiOj/SO*. leaded zinc/ 55* magnesium silicate. In Bach group the titanium oxides used are suecssaivaly Ti-Pure FT, T-CR, R-110 and rutile titanium calcium Tl-Cal R-25. The pigmentations were used in both the pre-war vehicle of 92* alkali refined linseed end 8* Q bodied linseed, and in a bodied oil vehicle of 50* refined and 50* I bodied linseed. Comparisons were available between paints with 3.75 pounds of oil per gallon (50/50 alk. ref. L.0./ X body L.0.) and 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon (75/25 alk. ref. L.0./ X body L.0.). We inspected this series as painted out in 1944, 1346 and 1948. The general observations ware that the free chalking anatase TiOj, Ti-Pure FT showed better self-cleaning properties than the slower chalking f-CR, the rutile H-200 and R-110 or the extended rutile calcium R-25. The differences were most pronounced on the north vertical exposures. The bodied oil formulations with less total oil showed better cleaning proper ties and better resistance to mildew than the pre-war high oil vehicle;. 0007-SWP--037195 0007-SWP-000112823 After ana rear's exposure all the south panels were reasonably dean but all showed definite dirt collection an the north exposures except IT where the dirt was less than slight. The 4.25# oil paint was e<iual to the 3.75# oil paint. At three rears all the south exposures were clean tut there were still differences on the north exposures, in the absence of basic carbonate white lead the FT paints were cleaner, but where non chalk, resistant titanium oxides were used dirt collection end nildew an aggravated. Besides the reduction In dirt and mildew in the bodied oil formulas, the replaceawnt of the magnesium silicate ty calcium carbonate eliminates mildew up to five year*. (b) High TIP. Bouse Paints - Tl-Pp^e ff iyj Mftril - ft? Both du Foot and Titanium Pigment* continue to move in the direction of higher TiOg contents in house paints, du Pont placed an exposure an Q/19/l9iB a series of paints based on two principal pig mentations! (1) 27% TiOg/41.4% Acicular ZnO/51.8% Mapealua silicate (2) 20.9% TlOa/49.2% leaded sine, 29.9% Ka^eslua silicate The vehicle carries 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon. The com parisons were* (s) Tl-Purea IT, T-CR, R-110 and Tl-Cal R-25 at 1.8 pounds TiCL, par gallon in PlpMctation 1. (also at 5.78 pounds oil per gallon). (b) 50/50 Uands of Tl-Purv FT with T-CR, R-110 and Tl-Cal R-25 in PlgjMitatJon 2. A second aeries of similar character has bem an exposure sines 4/27/1948 south and north vertical, using Under proportions of both 5.75 pounds and 4.23 pounds of oil par gallon. Tbs pigmentation patterns worm - 15% TiOj/50% leaded alne/S6% magnesium silicate 10%T10*/45% leaded sinc/22.5% BCWt/22.6% magneaiw silicate 18%- M0|/3a% adcular ZaO/48% magnesium sllleate The titanium pigments used were Ti-Furss FT, FF-CR, T-FP, T-CR, R-110, R-200 end Tl-Cal R-25 at normal, 1.60, 1.80 and 2.22 pounds TlOj/gallon, also 50/50 end 75/25 blends of FT with T-CR and R-110. Tl-Pure FT showsd the best clean-up south and north, with the 3.75 pounds of oil formula best in all cases. The more chalk resistant types did clean up botter at tbs higher T10, contents, especially In the lower oil paints. 50/50 blends of FT and T-CR cleaned up better than 50/i>0 blends of FT and R-110, but neither was equal to straight TT in appearance. 0007-SWP-037196 0007-SWP-000112824 In the toed-free foratotlons, tho F? paints wax* bright and elan, but tho bo x * abslk resistant TXO,'* eUU bald $am dirt and had a tondancg toward nildev, especially at low PTC' 8. Actually, ttaa chugaa were not aa narked aa night ba*a bam'anticipated fra 1.27 to 2.22 pouada TlOa par gallon. - A aariaa of vanning te^te waa put out on 9/1/1948 coaparing 1005 IT, SO/SO TT/t-at, and lOOit-CR in tha "Tl-Sil1 foralatlon, also in leaded also and lead-fxwe paldts at varying TiO, oontanta aa daaeribad In tha paragraph abort. black band waa palatad along tha low*r adg* of each beveled aiding panal to ahow how Bach tha chalk waa waahlsg. In tha "Tl-SU" paiata 1005 and 505 f t afaowad mm washing, with- tha cleaning of tha 50/EO paint loaning nor* toward IT than I-CR. lOOjf X-CR ahowa bo x * dirt collection and laaa waahlng. If tha paints ax* lead-fraa, than avan at 1.27 pounds there la considerably nor* washing than with ttaa lead containing parallel, in aach paints it would appoar that 60/50 IT and I-CB would ba aafar than 1005 IT (wa do this in Rax 486 SUP Haw Raalatlng Vhlta). Aa th T10, waa inoraaaad tha shanga fra tha laadad tine plgnentatian to tho toedfraa aclonlar tlno axida plgnmtatiop caused bo x * lncxwaae in washing - than did ttaa laoxwaao la TIO^. At 2.2 pounds TiO* paxhapo a 25/75 FT-X-CR ontahinatlaw would work out boat. In wiaw of ttaa bettor control of washing whsn laad ia ;arsaat, da Pest profax* tha uaa of laad drlara la otherwise load-free paints, especially vtassi painting under aftraraa oonditiona. This agrees with Loan Brother** type of approach to tha assaa probton. Ia- snpplraatoxT tarta ttaa da Pent exposures conaiatarUg show alaosl rapleto ooetml of wHdaw wtaan ealebas oaxtonato azttndsra raplaas --giaHas ailleata, arm la laad-fx*s foxnulaa. Ttaa latter tend to slldw ite tbi ImM ptsiJaULt* Paiata - Wh<t- - - flra* follmalngc tiaa waa spent in reviewing exposures of toad-free i discussed on page 11 of tho 1048 report. Tha Oh 8/19/46 south and north vertical with, tha rapnaentodi m Hlah Oil Low Oil 4.69# 4.25# h.WL 155 Ti-Puro IT/305 leaded zine/555 ag. sillatte 28.55 31.65 34.55 17.25 Ti-Pux* IT/57.55 Adcultr ZaO/45.55 ng. nil. '27.45 - 19.45 " /42.S5 /5S.55 * - 26.0 17.25 " /S7.S5 /45.55 " 33.55 0007-SWP-037197 0007-SWP-000112825 The sene palate except for the third la the above series were also exposed la August, 1947. Slace the lead-free zinc oxides of the acicular type have higher Under requiranants than co-funed loaded zincs, the lead-free paints were fomisted at lower FVC's to give equal free binder relationships. The general cooMnta are about the seas as in 1946. Tbs leadfree paints are whiter and brighter then those carrying co-funed leaded zincs and the cleaning Is at least equal. In connection with the ultiaate durability of lead-free paints we examined a group of panala which had been on south exposure for five years and then bald for the past year an north exposure to preserve the status quo. In comparisons of Type A (high lead) and type 9 (lead-free) paints of the bid E-TT-P-lOla Federal Specification, three coata, the lead-free paints ex* definitely inferior In durability. It should be . kept In Bind, bowwvor, that Z, bodlad oils were used, now considered too high In body, and ealdua naphthenete was used to prenote drying. If lead driers or leaded oils were used it la presumed that durability would be affected beneficially. The *T1-6H* formula looked good In this sane group. When the TiOg used Is the non-chalking mtlle H-610 the durabil- ' lty is practically perfect but the eppearanos Is and always was poor. If tha above had bean two cost# eelf-prlaed instead of three there would have been aore erosion. One ooat of the top coats over a ooat of TT-P-Z5 priser did quite wall. It Is evident that when du Font addresses the various Produc tion Clubs' and suggests that lead-free palnta can be aide to equal the perfonoanee of lead containing paints, they actually have certain aantal reservation#. If a nuaber of step# are taken to ensure good perfomance of the lead-free paints than thsy will do as veil as the run-of-olne . lead-containing paints. It would be aasuasd, however, that If the same laproveaarts were Bade la the lead containing paints they would have the greeter probability of giving unlfoxaly adequate results. _ 14), rasiwi snhwist PStttftn. la ifrmi, Pttet? Because of lack of tine we did- not give' the usual attention to the special oaloliai carbonate extender studies, except as. they were auc tioned Incidental to other series. In general. It appoers that the con clusions given In earlier reports still represent their thinking, although It isanad to the writer that du Pont placed leas aphasia on this ltea than In previous years. They prefer substitutions on the heels of equal hinder raqultenants. In whites tha durability is reduced compared with aagoaslua silicate. They still emphasize improved tint retention (which ve find counteracted by greater dirt collection). They show goad tint retention In load-free paints using acicular zinc oxide and calcium carbonate with R-610, superior to leaded zinc and magieaiua. silicate. 0007-SWP-037198 0007-SWP-000112826 (a) One Ccat h u The arpoaires et a 251 Ti-Pure FF/SOg leaded clac/25! magmsium silicate pigmentation at various PVC'a end spreading rates have now been out for almost 5-1/2 years (exposed: 2/28/45 south vertical). This pig mentation at 36SC PVC is more durable than with high oil Under at 201 PVC when spread at 450 sq.ft./gal., and offers promise as a one coat house paint. The chief difficulty over new mod i flashing. It was said that Devoe and Reynolds One Coat Boust Faint doee not flash, but It is not recommended for direct application an nev wood as tta^ prefer a sincleas primer. Durability is controlled to a large extent by film thickness. The paints spread at 450 sq.ft./gal. are mostly gone while those spread at 200 sq.ft, are still quite good. At low FVC the paints lack build. If tbs FVC is decreased by removing extender and increasing the hinder then 20 FTC Is better than 551, according to du Pont, and therefore for taxushlng one coat on new wood it mild he better to add oil. then thinner. This must be scrutinised In light of our work on CF7CI. (f) QUl The various series studying special oils Include under pig mentations! ' (1) 151 Ti-Pure Tf/SQf leaded slno/56? magnesium silicate (2) 17.51 Ti-Pure FF/57.51 aclcular 2a0/45.4l magnesium silicate Pigmentation (1) was put out In 1946, 7 and 8 and (2) in 1948 only. A wids variety of linseed, soya, tung and dehydrated castor oils were used, both Individually and in qoahtnatlon or eo-polymerised, includ ing same P.E. and meleic treated oils. Archer-Daniels-Midland'e 75-6, Ardol, Tar 70 and AST #4 deserve special attention. A-D-M describes these oils as follows! 75-5 - "A fast drying linseed oil, a modified glycerol ester... rapid dry, excellent water and alkali resistance, exceptional durability and extra hardness...attained through- a fundamental modification of the fatty acids present in linseed oil." Ardol- "Chemically modified soybean oils showing extremely* fast bodyl&K characteristics." Ts.r ?0- ".-.a heavy bodied Vor ell cut to 70 solids." !'Vs,r is the name given to a new group of copolymer oils based on vugotable drying oil products obtained in the manu facture of linseed and soybean oils...closely resembles 75-5 Oil." AST #4 - (Same deoeviption as Ardol.) 0007-SWP-037199 0007-SWP-000112827 -7- Ardol, aSV #4, and Spencer Kellogg's Driaoy A look good up to 3 yean. 75-5 la especially interesting in that ldiile it ahowe checking in paints containing active pigments (lead and zinc) it looks very good with a pigmentation containing only TiO* end magnesium silicate (i.e., no ective pigment). It shews no cracking. It is obvious that this wold be a non-staining paint which, of course, would be very interesting. Copper and iron staining are bed problma on conventional houee paints where zinc oxide has been a necessary end Important part of the piguntstion. See (g) below. Since 75-6 causes checking in convtntianal paints and gives good performance when used with e plgpaantation containing no active pigment, it would appear that 75-6 oil does in the vehicle what zinc oxide does in the pigment. This Is important and will be investi gated further. Var 70 will be studied also as it is like 75-6 but costs less. Use in trim paints is also suggested by these results. Ardol showed slitfrtly earlier loss of gloss and devalopntnt of chalk thn lin seed, but looks very good. Untreated soya oil binders in this series do not do too well because of dirt collection and tendencies toward "eissing." Evan Orlsoy A shows mors mildew because of erosion which has exposed some wood. 100* basic carbonate white lead in A-D-M'S Superb linseed is very dirty and mildewed. 100t Cestung U-V looks good as far (nine months' exposure). In general aaya-tung oomblaatioce such as 60/20 show improved performance when given more chance for ester interchange during the bodying process, with Za body preferred. Rote the aiadlaiity to (5316). . (ft) SfrUWftg Several groups of panel studies of screen staining ware examined which had been placed on exposure at times rsnghig from 1/24/1947 to 1/3/1949. Three types of pigmentation wars naadi (1) 55* Tl-Pttre I7/4SJ magnesium silicate ~ (2) 55* " /66* * (5) SO* /70* '" FTC's vara 25* sad 56*, using phauyl mercury oleata in the amount of 0.2* by weight of the total paint as a mildew inhibitor, sines the above plantations carry no active pigsat, especially zinc oxide. Pieces of copper end iron screen are attached to the panels to causa staining. Six months' exposure appears to be a critical point in staining. To quota du Pont: "Lead-zinc free stain resistant paints of promise were obtained with varioue alltyd vehicles (such aa GE-2466, 2475 , 2501, 2505 and 2502). Also with a waterproof spar (such as MoCloakey's) lengthened with Archer-0anlala-Midland Company's 75-5 Special 0007-SWP-037200 0007-SWP-000112828 -8- ln the amount of 25, 50 and 75 per cent by weight based on total binder. "Other vehicles of promise for zinc-free paints were McCloskey's 175 Oil, Archer-Daniola-Midland Company's 75-5 Special and U. S. Industrial Chenioal's I-Z39 and X-649." It was pointed out that copper and iron compounds would be precipitated from solution at a pH of about 5. Tha pH of a normal zinc containing paint would be about 6,6 and therefore precipitation would occur. In the abaonce of zinc oxide the pH of the paint would be about 4, and therefore no precipitation. This would explain why chlorinated alkyda look good, and why the addition of alkali refined linseed oil to chlorinated alkyls spoils ths stain resistance. Linseed sqys combinations did not look too good. As mentioned before Var 70 or 75-5 Special showed considershie promise even in the absence cf active pigments. (h) Porch Paints A brief inspection was made of a lengthy series of porch paints put out in February, 1948, There were a number of commercial oontrols, including S-H Porch and Floor teamed (which is performing satisfactorily up to this point, and far better than du Pant's previous exposures < our former leaded zinc porch paint). The panels ere exposed 45 south. (See pegs 14, 1948 report.) Tl-Pura R-610 was used alone and with various extenders in a wide variety of vehicles. Boat gloss is obtained by leaving out all extender, but Surfax Is helpfol in giving uniform gloss in one coat and does well in tint retentlan. Tha alkyd vehicles are generally superior In gloss and tint retention, but it should be kept in mini that alkyda tend to become slippery whan wet. Due to the Halted time available, and tha amount of time spent at the exposure farm, we had no opportunity this year to inspect any of the du Pont test heuaea. He have Information available on the progress of bouses described in earlier reports and can furnish this on request. 0007--SWP-037201 0007-SWP-000112829 -9- Tltanlum Pigment Corporation - Sa/ville. Long Island. Mow fork () fflwrirtn-VUUDs Cooperative Teats Frank Smith of Titanium Plgpent Corporation Technical Service had prepend special report covering the results after thrco Tears' exposure of the palate in the cooperative series inaugurated 1a 1946. Both S-Y and T.P.C. prepared a group of paints vhich were exposed simultaneous!/ at Chicago end Sayville, as vail as at supplementary locations for our own interest. The formulations an rather nuaeroua and varied, so details will be omitted until e separate report is prepared. The S-Y white paints involved principal!/ comparisons of titanium oxide anatase Titanox A against rutile Tiianoac RA-1D-M0 and hianda, with Oslo leaded zinc plus 14g BCVL in the pre-war and poet-war vehicles, adding tha "Ti-Sil" pigmentation for comparisons. Specials include use of the extended rutile Titanox AC HI, the sans blended with Titanox A or ana tase titanium calcium. Primers insisted SUP 460 Undercoater vents T.P.C.'s MU-401 type of zinolase primer (actually MU-1178) and selfpriming. The tints were principally based on the non-chelldng rutile Titencoc RA-tfC, but include 1/3 leaded tinc-l/5 lead tltanate-l/3 magr.eaium silicate and the "Ti-Sil* pignantatian with RA-KC. One special extender - Micro Valva A - was used in a tint. . Tha paints prepared ty Titanium Pigment axe more heterogen eous in character. They were largely in tha pre-war vehicle at 29 PTC although some tun as low as 2l. The comparisons Include titanium oxides of different rates of chalking; A, AA, RA-IO-HO and the extended PC HT in tha whites, also combinations of the free chalking A and the other slower chalking titanium pigments. Their tints lncltded studies of RA-NC and Titenox HC. T.P.C. reported that at three years the only conclusions that can be drawn refer to appearance: . "Pigmanting paints at a high pigment volume (36) with less than four pounds of oil per gallon of paint Improve# the appearance of the paint by always maintaining a clean white surface. "Rutile oxides either pure or extended produce paints with rela tively poor appearance unlos* some free-chalking anatase pigment is included in the pigmentation. "There is some evidence that a special primer is needed in a two-coat system when the paint is to be applied over poor woods. The length of exposure seems to have been insuffi cient to form any definite conclusions an this point. "Likewise, there is insufficient evidence to form any defin ite conclusions regarding the durability of the paints in 'this cooperative series." 0007-SWP-037202 0007-SWP-000112830 -10- We oede some special notes which may be of Interest. In a rather conventional T.P.C. formula with 15* TiOa/35* leaded zinc/15* BCWL/35* magnesium silicate (Note - too low in zinc oxide - 22*) Tltanox BA-10 showed considerable dirt and mildew collection, especi ally on the north. BA was even worse but AA better although it still shoved considerably more dirt than A. If the TiOa vae increased to 20* at the expense of the magnesium silicate there is some improvement over 15* AA. When the titanium is introduced as the extended rutile RC HT, at least half should be anatase TiOa to give clean-up and appearance. (A recheok at Chicago shows that even SO* Tltanox A with RC HT has definitely more dirt collection than straight A, especially on the north.) The S-V paints with 15* Tltanox A look very good, especially in the currunt vehicle. The Tl-Sil pigmentation has some tendency to "ciea" and crack. The S-V formulas with titanium calcium compare 25.8* BC HT with a blend of 17.3* BC HT end 5* Tltanox A, of equal parts rutile RC HT and anatase Tltanox C, and all anatase C. At 56* FVC cm the south all are dean, with the all C formula showing erosion. All are quite good on the north with straight RC HT showing only alight dirt. The S-V tints are all cleaner than the T.P.C. tints with tbs S-V formula using Micro Velva A in a 36* PTC paint the cleanest of all. This formula, 11.9* Tltanox RA-HC/58.5* leaded zlao/lO.g SCHL/29.3* Micro Velva A, looks much better then the old 1/5 lead titanats- 1/3 leaded zinc-l/5 magneeiua silicata tint. * There were evidences < definite superiority where the special primers were used on rather inferior white pine as compared with self priming. Further exposure is needed to differentiate between the two types of primers. The S-V Chicago set are at an interesting stage and a special report will he prepared. _ (b) Decreasing ActAvt gT<ff This series has been diecussed in several of our previous Inspection reports. The testa ware run to determine how much extender could be introduced into house paints before durability was affected seriously. A set has bean started each year for several years. The controls after 8 years of exposure showed lead-in-oil off entirely, . 60/10/10 flaking very badly, and the "Ti-Sll" pigaentation eroding with some checking and cracking. Leva Brothers' High Standard was still in very good condition after 8 years, and SUP Gloss White was in good condition, with a few cracks. The principal experimental ' pigmentations Were: 0007-SWP--037203 0007-SWP-000112831 -11- IS* T10b - 46.0* leaded zinc - 19* 15* " - 38.5* IT " - 15.7* 15* " - 34.6* " - 14.7* 15* " - 30.8* n - 12.8* BCUL - 20* magnesium silicate - 30.8* tr tr " - 35.7* it n - 41.6* rr n The group started In 1944 compares the free chelking anataso TiOjj Tltanox - A with the seml-chalklng anatase Tltanox AA. At this point of 5 years' exposure It Is very evident that the palate node with "A" are anoh less durehle and show more erosion than those made with "AA." The former .show Increased checking, cracking end erosion as the extender goes up, while the latter show vary little failure so far. Early dirt collection history wist be considered. The simitar series started In 1946 (now three years old) compares 20* Tltanox A-168, 16* Tltenox - A, 15* Titanor HA-10, and 10* Tltanox HA-10 plus 5* Tltanox A. Kith Tltancx A the panels are starting to show soma cheeking and cracking at the 35.7* and 41.5* oaffresium silicate levels. These oonform to 22.5* and 20* zinc oxide, respectively. The addition of 5* anataee help* to free up the chalking of Tltanox BA-10. ' The panels put out In June, 1947 (now 2 years old) compare 15* Tltenox A with 20* Tltanox AA at the four extender levels, except that the extra 5* T10a was Introduced et the expense of the extender. All look good at this stage. These all carry 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon at 33* PTC, with 25* ZB bodied oil In the binder. (c) Rutile Celolia Paints This series was put out in June, 1946, south and north verti cal, three aoats self-primed. The pipartstloos are: (1) 50* Calcium Plgaant/50* leaded zinc. (2) 50* Calcium Plgaant/40* leaded zine/lQ* magnesium silicate. (3) 40* Calcium Plgment/40* leaded zinc/20* magnesium silicate. (4) 50* Calcium Plgment/25* zinc oxide/25* magnesium silicate. (5) 35* Tltanox RC HT/5* Tltanox A-MO/50* leaded zlnc/10* magnesium silicate. (6) 35* Tltanox RC BT/S* Tltanox A-MQ/2S* zinc oxide/35* magnesium silicate. (1) through (4) compare 100* RC HT with 50/60 RCHT/RC. The RC HT paints, of course, are cleaner than those with some RC but not as dean as when the 5* Titanox A is added. The lead-free paints (4) and (6) show more mildew than those carrying leaded zinc. 0007-SWP-037204 0007-SWP-000112832 -12- fd) 1943 Commercial Paints This will bo a very interesting series to watch for a period of years and therefore some detail is given here. All paints are three coats self-primed unless otherwise indicated, exposed vertical south and north on cedar end white pine. Paints South North' 1002 BCWL . Gray, will check soon. Cray, will shook soon. 802 BCVL/50* XX-2 ZnOAO? Ext. Dirtiest Dirtiest 452 Cryptana MS-150/552 leaded zinc/202 magnesium silicate Rather gray Rather gray Benjamin Moore Dirty Dirty 502 Ti-S11/502 leaded sine Clean Clean Pattersoa-Sargent Dirty Dirty National Lead #110 Cleon Slight dirt (more Titanox A) National Lead #10 Slight dirt Some dirt (more Titanox AA) Fuller #2015 Slight + dirt Some dirt General #1005 Slight + dirt Sli&t + dirt Sears Roebuck #145 Somewhat gray Somewhat gray Sherwin-Williamj 471 (122 BCVL on label) Clean (one of the best) Vary alight dirt under overlaps. Davoe and Reynolds #547 Somewhat gray Gray Pittsburgh 1-54 Somewhat gray Gray - Devon One Coat* Gray Gray Nuhide# Clean Cloanost and brightost du Pont (lead-free) Gray Dull du Pont #40 Gray Gray One coat over MN-1178 primer (zincless) 0007-SWP-037205 0007-SWP-000112833 -13- It Is anticipated that sons of the points now shoving unfavor able dirt collection due to retarded chalking nay shew excellent dura bility. Both factors must be considered to have consumer acceptance. trades of Tltanmr This sarlss was put oat in June, 1948 three coats self-primed south and north vertical on cedar.! The pipnentation throughout is: 15? Tltanox/46? leaded zinc/19? BCWL/20? magnesium silicate. The Titonox pigments are respectively: 1-84, AA, A-168, A, A-WD. Two vehicles vere used; one, the full oil pre-ear vehicle, and the second, a 4,25 25? Za bodied oil vehicle. At this point the high oil saris9 all shoved acne dirt hut the bodied oil series vore cleaner. It should be remembered that at the tine of this Inspection Sayville had had no rain for over a month. Te) Lead Free House Paints One series, put out in 1945, is based on a pigmentation of 15? Ti0a/30? sine oxide/55? magnesium silicate, in which the TiOg is respectively: (1) 15? Tltanox BA-10, (2) l# KA-10 plus 3? A-MO, (5) AA and (4) A-168. All axe in the full oil vehicle. On the south all show slight cracking hut otherwise the durability is quite good. The rutiles produce a yallow oast tut tbs anatase show mildew on the north. Another lead-free series was put out in June, 1947. In the first group Tltanox AA was used starting at 15? and increasing to 50? at the expense of the extender, which was half magnesium silicate and half calcium carbonate, all with 30? sine oxide. The second group has 15? Tltanox AA with from 25? to 55? sine oxide, again from the extender and one at 20? Titanox AA and 25? sine oxide. In the first group as the TiOg increases the paints clean better, with some mildew at the higher TiOg levels on the north. The second group shows that at least 30? zinc oxide is required in lead-free paints to control mildew, and even 36? at high TiOg levels. (f) Vehicle Studies Rather exteneive vehicle studies vers put out in 1347 and 1949. Ons 1947 group uses a pigmentation of 15? Tltanox A/46? leaded zinc/ 19? BCUL/20? mapieslum silicate, with the following vehicles: Zslaisls. 94? Refined Linseed 6? Bodied Linseed HVM PVC Remarks as? 29? O.K. 75? Refined Linseed 77 53 Q.K. 25? Zg Bodied Linseed (Cent.) 0007-SWP--037206 0007-SWP-000112834  14- Vehicle HVM PVC Remarks 501 Defined Linseed 301 Z* Bodied Linseed 201 Magnesia Oil 651 351 Brushed better and film smoother than above. lOOl national Lead's 65 35 Roplaceasnt Oil - 33.51 Chlnawood Oil 65 55 Dried fastest 66.51 Soys Looks O.K. 33.51 Chlnawood oil 65 35 Looks O.K. 47.51 Soya 19.01 Linseed 33.51 Chlnawood Oil 65 35 O.K. 31.71 Soya 34.81 Linseed 33.51 Chlnawood Oil 65 35 O.K. 16.51 Soya 50.01 Linseed ' A second series was pat out in 1947, three costs salf-prised, using a pigmentation of 151 Titaaox AA/581 leaded tine/211 BCWL/ 26JK magnesium silicate, at 29)( PVC. The binders Include nany combinations of refined linseed and ecya oils and Driser with bodied oils such as lin seed, dehydrated cantor and Drisojr. All look good and about the same at this point* In 194S, exposures were prepared using 15)1 Tit anox A/S8.51 leaded sineA5.7X BCWL/50.8X aagaeeiiaa silleats in s nunber of vehicles at 3$ PVC. The paints and thalr current condition are as follows: _ 1001 V bodied llnsaed. 0.K. south and north. 1001 V bodied 007a. Sons dirt south, definite north. . 10O< Ardol. Slight dirt on south, slightly cleaner than above on north. ' . * 451 Beflnod linseed, 501 Drieoy, 251 Z, bodied llnsoed. Very allghtly cleaner than Ardol. 451 Defined linseed, S0 Ardol, 251 Z3 bodied linseed, O.K. south and north. 461 Refined linseed, 301 Dehydrated Caetor, 251 Z3 bodied linseed. O.K. south, cleanest of all north. 0007-SWP-037207 0007-SWP-000112835 -15- (e) Primer Teats This is an old ssrles, put out Is June 1941, which was exam ined to determine the performance of self-primed paints and primers on extended exposure. Caparisons may be summarized as followst Top coats used: A. 60* BCWL/50* ZnO/lQ* magnesium silicate. B. 15* Tltanox AA/46* leaded sine/lS* BCKL/26* magnesium silicate. C. 60* Tltanox RC/40* leaded sine. D'. 15* Tltanox AA/50* leaded zlmc/15* BCWL/4CIf, magnesium silicate. These top coats van applied as three coats self-primed, and as two coat systems over two primers hawing the following pig&entations, respectively: 1. 37.5* Tltanox B 30/37.5* BCKL/2S* mngneaium silicate. 2. 32* Tltezux RC/41* BCtfL/27* magnealun silicate. In the self-primed group Paint A is checked and cracked, B cracked, C grey but with good film and D checked and cracked. Over the titanium barium primer (So. l) there is much more erosion as the primer erodes rather rapidly when the top ooats are gone. There is more paint left on tits titanium calalnm primer (Ho. 2) with e tendency to devalap mildew when the primer beams exposed after six or seven years. M aatrtg-TifiOMf Prints In 1946 two groups of tint bases were put out as three coats self-primed. The first carried! is* Tltanox RA HC, 50* leaded sine and 35* extender. When this extender was ma&esium silicate the south expo sure is dean but then Is earne dirt or mildew end slightly blotchy fading, whan calcium carbonate the south exposure is cleaner as is the north but with slight mildew. Vben the extender is calcium sulfate the films are in good condition, and a blend of 15* magnesium ailicato and 2C* barytes is still good. Vben the RA HC is dropped to 10*, leaded zinc to 45* and axtondar to 30* to permit the Introduction of 15* BCUL the calcium carbonate tint is the cleanest, ma&iesiua silicate plus barytes is dean, calcium sulfate shows some mildew and magnesias silicate is dirty. Vhlle this appears to conflict with cur findings that calcium carbonate improves tint retention hut increases dirt collection, the facts probably are that the T.P.C. carbonate panels look desner because calcium carbonate controls mildew. 0007--SWP-037208 0007-SWP-000112836 -16- (1) Basle SUlcata White Load (48 X) T.P.C. 'a exposuras of house paints wore again warnInert prior to the inspection of national Lead's exposures on the sane location. The first groups were put out In August, 1945, with present condition as follows: - (a) 3 coats self-primed, vertical south end north, 299 PTC. 1. 159 Titanox i/469 leaded zlscA^jC BCWL/209 magpesium silicate. Slight cracking south. 2. 45 X by volume for basic sulfate white lead only in 1. Vexy slight cracking, ouch better appearance than 1. 3. 45 I for basic carbonate white lead only. Good, slight cracking one panel only. 4. 45 I for both sulfate end carbonate. Good, somewhat thin looking. The volume replacement of both lead pignsnts has decreased opacity. T10a should be Increased. 5. is 1 but TttanacRA-10 for Titanox A. Sons cracking on south exposure. 6. 45 I for basic sulfate only in 5. Texy slight crocking. 7. 45 X for basic carbonate only. Slight crocking. 8. 45 X for both sulfate and carbonato. Good, vexy slight crocking. (b) In a second group of whites and guy tints, also put out in 1945, 45 X was substituted for basic sulfate white lead in a 509 Titanae RC HT/ 509 leaded sine la the white end 509 Titanox RC/509 leaded tine In tho gray tint. All panels are In good condition approaching the and of four years' exposure. (c) A primer study put out In 1945 has a conventional 159 Titanox A/ 439 loaded sinc/L99 BCVL/209 magnesium silicate top coat aver two primers: (1) Mr-401. 57.59 Titanox B/S7.59 BCVL/259 magnesium Silicate. This panel is pretty well eroded. (2) 45 X for BCHL in (1}. Also pretty well eroded but fully equal to (1). In Juno, 1948, additional tests were put out aj three coat selfprimed work. In the first pair 159 Titanox A/38.59 lead'd ;irc/L5.75 9CVL/ 30.89 magieslum silicate is compared with a similar paint in w.iicb 45 X replaces by volume both load sulfate and carbonate. These were in the pre-war vehicle at 299 PVC, and both are similar and in good condition. In the second pair the same two pigmentations are ground In a bodied oil type binder at 539 PTC. These two paints are somewhat dirtier than the 299 PTC paints, controxy to usual experience. 0007-SWP-037209 0007-SWP-000112837 -17- National Lead Company. SayvHUu Long Island. Kw loth Early In 1948 a cooperative series was set up with National Lead Company to evaluate various replacasents of 412 55/65 leaded zinc with basic silicate white lead 45 X and 414 12/88 leaded zinc. In our paints wo followed three methods of substitution; A. ZnO replacement 17 equal poundage - lead replacement Ijr equal volume. B. Maintain a 55/65 lead pigaent/ZnO ratio - replacement baaed on total volume. C. Maintain a 35/65 lead pigaent/ZnO ratio - replacement on total pounds, adjusting volume with extender. In the whites the base formula was that of Bex 471, card 47 plus modifications at ZS>% and 20f zinc oxide levels, also using Azo ZZZ-33 edcular zinc oxide plus 45 X to replace 412 and BCVL. The tints were based on Rex 465 card #4 using a similar pattern with replacements iy Method A only. ' The National exposures vara placed on their fences on July 1, 1948 so this inspection was after precisely one year. National Lead had a well prepared report for us, illustrated with photographs. Since the exposures have been out for only cue year we will not go into detail but simply cement on development* to date. In general, the basic silicate paints seemed cleaner than those with 55!( leaded zinc in National's paints. In the S<V paints the base formula of Rex 471 using 412 leaded zinc was brighter than the 45 X/414 replacements ly Kathode A, B and C. This is probably duo to the color of the 45 X and the 414 pigment used. The same holds true for the replacement of both the 412 and BCWL in the base fommila, Method B giving a slightly brighter and cleaner paint. Azo ZZZ-53 plus 45 X give bright paints as compared to thqse with 414 dry and looks especially good at the ZOf zinc oxide level, which partially substantiates National's femulative approach. The tints are all close at this point so no important differ entiations could be made. As always, du Pont, Titanium Pigment Corporation and the National Lead Company extended us every courtesy, and made our trip very pleasant and informative. M. VAN LOO MVL:AR Director of Faint Research 0007-SWP-037210 0007-SWP-000112838