Document 06RYg13oJD845DnQG39rQZ8zx

OCIFA ASBESTOS STANDARD 1926.58 DATE 3U/&9 TIME &O&AM CELL SERVICE DOW PERSONNEL ATTENDED A MEETING WHERE THE BELOW NAMED ITEMS WERE DISCUSSED. TRAINING PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS: DR. CURRIER DISCUSSED: 1. HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH ASBESTOS EXPOSURE. 2. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMOKING AND ASBESTOS IN PRODUCING LUNG CANCER. 2. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM AND ACCESS TO MEDICAL RECORDS. BILL LEDFORD DISCUSSED: A REVIEW OF THE OSHA STANDARD 1926.58. DEAN WALTERS DISCUSSED: 1. STANDARD 1910.20 WHICH COVERS "ACCESS TO EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE RECORDS". 2. METHODS OF RECOGNIZING ASBESTOS. GO --I O OO o -4 CD 3. THE APPROPRIATE WORK PRACTICES FOR PERFORMING THE ASBESTOS JOB. 4. THE NATURE OF JOBS THAT COULD RESULT IN EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS, CONTROLS TO MINIMIZE EXPOSURE: ENGINEERING CONTROL, WORK PRACTICE, RESPIRATORS, HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURES, HYGIENE FACILITIES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES, EMERGENCY PROCEDURES, AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES. URIAS BANKS 7/7 GEORGE BECNEL LEO BOWENeg &acO&/\/ CHARLES CARTER JR. .J. IHERMAN CHRISTQPHe/iWIA-CXw^U^ EUGENE D0M1NGUE JR W JOHN GRAY A GftA Y CLARENCE GAILES(?^L^W^ LEON ISAAC EVRES MALVEAU if. 4^ gf . . /f JAMES KELLY S* ANDERSON MONROE^^^^^^i^ ANDREW RANDALL HENRY THOMAS TtREGINALD SNEARL< ED TRUSCLAIRr^^^/ ALFRED WATT'S/Ufa?a?#*'?' _ LOUIS WILLIAMS 02/17/08 DW NOLAN WILLIAM'SIS ST0092637 PJ ASBESTOS Asbestos Is a generic term referring to various fibrous mineral silicates, Including chrysotlle (hydrated magnesium silicate)* amoslte {Iron-magnesium silicate)* crocldollte (sodium-Iron silicate)* tremolIte (calcium-magnesium silicate), anthophyl1Ite (another I ron-magnesI urn silicate)* and acttnollte (calciummagnesium- Iron si 1(cate). The potential health hazard associated with exposure to asbestos results from Inhalation of airborne fibersi small asbestos fibers can pass readily through the upper respiratory tract and be deposited In the terminal bronchioles of the lung. There they can produce a local Irritation which the body attempts to overcome by initiating a tissue response resulting In the encapsulation of the fibers and consequent formation of "asbestos bodies". Asbestos fibers are the causative agents In cases of asbestosls* a progres sive disease character1zed by diffuse Interstitial fibrosis and, at times* pleural changes of fibrosis and calcification. It Is often ev 1 dent by such clinical signs as ra 1 es and dyspnea. In 1 ts severe form, asbestosls can contribute to, and result in, death due to the Inability of the body to obtain oxygen or the heart to pump blood through the scarred lungs. Exposure to airborne fibers has also been associated with bronchogen Is carcinoma (a malignancy of the Interior of the lung), mesothelioma (a diffuse malignancy of the lining of the chest cavity or abdomen), and cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum. Cigarette smoking can enhance the Incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma from this substance. In order to protect workers from such occupational hazards, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has establis hed and Just recently revised a series of regulations Intended to protect worker health and safety. OSHA has determined for example that exposure to the more than 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter (flbers/cc) of air over a time weighted average (TWA) of 8 hours constitutes a hazard (action level) that must be rectified. Additionally, OSHA has established 0.2 fibers/cc over an 8 hour TWA as the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) above which level no employee shall be exposed without respiratory protective equIpment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also promulgated guidelines governing asbestos safety and has established the level of 0.01 flbers/cc or less es clean air. In order to help meet this standard during asbestos removal projects, negative air pressure ts established within the work area equal to or greater than 0.02 Inches of water. 1 National Safety Council L Data Sheet 1-709-86 Asbestos r EoeRAL regulations concerning ubcstos have been promulgated by a number of agencies--Occupation al Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the De partment ofTransportation (DOT). Fropertlee is the common name for a family of inorganic fibrous mineral silicates. The most abun dant form of asbestos is chrysotile white asbestos); 90 per cent of the asbestos most commonly used is this type. Some other forms are actinolite. amosile, crocidolite (blue asbestos), anthophyllitc. '.nd tremolitc. "Asbestos fiber" means asbes tos fibers longer than five microme ters. 3. Asbestos occur as masses or bundles of long, silky fibers that must be separated from the other minerals. Individual fibers are very small and can only be seen with a microscope. All types of asbestos are fire-resistant and demonstrate a high degree of strength and wearresistance. Chemically, asbestos is relatively inert. ucts such as: cement sheet and pipe, roofing and sealing compounds, paints, floor tile, friction products (such as brake shoes and dutch fac ings). and textiles. 5. Asbestos use is now limited principally to use in manufactured products in which the fibers are bound into the product, and are not likely to become air-borne. The use of asbestos in applications likely to produce fiber dust is being replaced in many products by such materials as glass fiber, ceramic fibers, and mineral wool, all of which still have a significant health hazard assodated with their use. It should be noted that United States consumption of asbestos dropped from around 800,000 tons annually in the early 1970's to less than 400,000 tons in 1980 and 1981. Toxicity 6. Asbestosis This chronic lung disease results from the reaction of the body to the presence of fibers in the lungs, producing a progressive lung calcification. X-rays of persons with advanced cases show opacities, extensive scarring, and the presence of mineral particles of various shapes, known as "asbestos bodies." 7. Carcinoma of the Lung Studies have shown the evidence of lung cancer is significantly higher among asbestos worken who have been continuously exposed. There is also evidence ofa synergistic relationship between cigarette smoking and ex posure to asbestos. Epidemiological studies indicate that asbestos work ers who smoke have a greater risk of developing a malignancy of the in terior of the lung. 8. Mesothelioma This is a form of cancer affecting the lining of the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. Although it is extremely rare in the general population which has not Uses ^pThcre was a tremendous de mand for asbestos during World War II for use as an insulating mate rial in ship building. It has been used extensively for insulating building structural materials, piping, stoves, and furnaces. Asbestos has been in corporated into manufactured prod The generally recognized con tainers for asbestos waste am aixmll-thlok plaatie bags, sealed In such a way as to make them leaktight When using plastic bags. It Is important to mlnlmlzo lha amount ot void apace or air In the beg. This will help to minimize any emissions should tho bag burst under pres sure. 444 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 312-527-4800 ST0092638 Landfilling Is recommended as en environmentally sound Isolation method ol disposing of asbestos waste beeauae asbestos fibers are virtually Immobile In soil. Place waste containers In a trench, and completely cover within 24 hours with a minimum of six Inches of non Mhcetnc material. For the final doeure, add an additional 30 Inches ol compacted non aebeetoe mate rial; thee grade end vegetate the area to prevent erosion. ST0092639 clothing it removed, it thould be denned using a vacuum cleaner equipped with a high efficiency par* ticulite airfilter. If practical, the res pirator should be worn when cloth ing is being removed. The employer should encourage employees to shower, if exposure exceeds limits. The respirator should be the last item removed prior to showering. Madieai aaMnkiaOona 16. The employer must make available at his expense, preplace~menr,~annual, and termination physical examinations to all em ployees engaged in occupations ex posed to air-borne concentrations of asbestos fibers. OSHA specifies the nature of these examinations, the records that must be kept, and who may have access to these records. Supervisors have the responsibility to identify their employees as "as bestos workers" to their medical de partment. Handling 4^ The principal control methods are wetting, enclosing, exhaust ven tilation, and dust collection. Situa tions involving the shipping of asbes tos-contained insulation from piping or equipment located in a populated work area (such as laboratory, office or shop) should be handled on the basis of a safety work permit or other form showing written approval by an authorised official. The permit should stipulate all safeguards in cluding wetting, aspirators, protec tive clothing, cleanup, packaging, post-cleanup inspection, and vacat ing of the work area by persons not fully protected. IS. All hand-operated and poweroperated tools that may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits, such as but not limited to saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be provided with collection bags. In addition. EPA regulations restrict the release of asbestos fibers into the general atmosphere by demolition opera tions, manufacturing and processing of asbestos products, and in disposal of asbestos waste products. 19. The criterium for determining whether or not the concentration of asbestos fibers has reached a hazard ous level is based on the number of fibers with a length of five micro meters or longer per cubic centi meter of sampled air. (See para graph 9.) At two fibers greater than five micrometers in length per cubic centimeter of air, there are literally millions of fibers smaller than five micrometers, which can be inhaled per 8-hour workday. Engineering controls 20. Properly designed ventilation systems and local exhaust systems are the preferred methods of achiev ing compliance with exposure limits. Local exhaust systems should meet the requirements of ANSI Standard Z9.2, 1979, Fundamentals Gov erning the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, which by re- ference has been incorporated by OSHA. 29 CFR 1910.94. Exhaust systems in processing plants must meet EPA requirements restricting the release of fibers to the general environment. Guidelines for design of ventilation systems may be found in Industrial Ventilation: A Guide to Recommended Practice, 16th Edi tion, published by the Committee on Ventilation, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien ists. |f|(| cHipOlfll 21. Any material that contains asbestos (except encapsulated Fi bers) should be stored in appro priately labeled, impermeable con tainers, in a manner and place that protects containers from physical damage. In addition to having labels on containers, it is recommended that the storage area display signs indicating the presence of loose asbestos materials. 22. The principal federal agencies concerned with the disposal of as bestos are OSHA and EPA. OSHA specifies packaging and labeling re quirements for the protection of the worker; EPA regulates asbestos from the "cradle to the grave" under the Toxic Substances Control Act. The EPA regulations are aimed at protecting the general environment and the public and are somewhat more stringent than OSHA's. Assistance in interpreting and com plying with these regulations may be obtained from EPA regional offices. 23. Many states have waste dis posal regulations, and employers must be aware of these where applic able. Container* 24. Manufactured products, in which asbestos fibers are encapsu lated, are less likely to prevent a con tainment problem unless -damaged. ST0092640 Here, a typical application of asbes tos spray Insulation Is shown under an I-Beam and steel deck. been exposed to asbestos, it may be triggered by exposure 30 to 35 yean prior to the onset of the disease. Ex cesses of cancer at several other sites (i.e.. esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum) have been observed in exposed worken. Exposure standard? and recommendations 9. a. The OSHA regulation for asbestos, designated ax 29 CFR 1910. Itfll. specifies a permissible ex posure limit (PEL) of two fiben (longer than five micrometen) per cubic centimeter of air as an eighthour time-weighted average and a ceiling concentration limit of 10 fi ben (longer than five micrometen) per cubic centimeter of air. b. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends an eighthour time-weighted average of 0.1 fiben (greater than five micrometen in length) per cubic centimeter of air. and a peak concentration of 0.S fiben (greater than five micrometen in length) per cubic centimeter of air based on a 15-minute sample period. 10. Fiber concentrations are de termined by using a phase contrast microscope. Because there is a lack of specificity of this method for fiber identification, the use of supplemen tary methods such as electron mic roscopy is necessary for fiber identi fication in case of mixed fiber expo sure. A relatively simple quaiiutive field test for the possible presence of asbestos in insulation material has been developed by NIOSH. and test kits are available commercially. This field test level, however, is not a sub stitute for positive identification of fibers. 11. OSHA regulations specify the method of measuring air-borne con centrations of fibers, end spell out the requirements for personal and environmental monitoring. Em ployers must maintain records of the results for both personal end en vironmental monitoring, and em ployees must be allowed access to these records. Employers must also notify employees of the results of monitoring in writing, according to the requirements of29 CFR 1910.20. Personal hygiene 13. Because there are no acute manifestations, first aid in the usual sense is not necessary; however, control of atmospheric contamina tion and individual personal hygiene are important. Employees should be urged to abstain from smoking as tong as they work with asbestos. Good hygiene and sound work prac tices are required in the workplace in order that asbestos fiben are not curried home. Personal protective equipment ii. Respirators Because OSHA regulations govern the use of respi rators to achieve compliance with exposure limits, employers should be cognizant of the requirements of 29 CFR 1910:1001. "asbestos." and 1910:134, "respiratory protection." Some key highlights are as follows: a. Respirators may not be used to control exposure except as an in terim measure where controls are not feaaible and where engineering controls are already m effect. b. Retpiraiori must be ap proved by NIOSH specifically for protection from asbestos. (Not all NIOSH-certified respirators are approved for asbestos protection.) e. The type of respirator al lowed depends upon the measured concentration of air-borne fiben. d. The employer must establish a respirator program in accordance with the American National Stan dard Practices for Respiratory Pro tection, Z88.2-190O. The respirator program must include annual train ing, regular cleaning, inspection, recordkeeping, and medical ex amination and approval, and respi rator fitting requirements. IS. Parting OSHA regulations require employers to provide special debiting to be worn where air-borne concentrations exceed the ceiling ex posure limits; clothing should also be provided when contact contami nation can occur, regardless of air borne concentration. This clothing must include whole-body covering such as coveralls, gloves, and head and foot coverings. For fixed places ofemployment, a change room must be provided with facilities such as lockers to assure that street clothing does not become contaminated with asbestos fibers. Before protective Full body protection. Ineluding respiratory protaction, la roquirod wbon removing sprayed asbestae- containing material, such ee from the concrete calling shown bore. --2--