Document 06K6eVLK85QNe66x4wE3avdBV

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1948 Feb DOC#: NSC224 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NSC - National Safety News - Fume & Dust Exposure , I' 3 " 'V iv v '-' vr f- ft 'f' ;{ i wf i M` t ir>- r* s*& \ ^ lff * * "*t si * i,- v i f f A 'W * - ." tC n. : \ - it ' f ? f V "* n Vf, ;`V ' ' vV;h'lV'^3 ' .*'h-v' 14 * O'.:", -..t: w ^ * &. t 1 X*-rtf* 1 A1 V.-a4. ^ i V - h'l'ib '* ( IvifU* , ,,vsHr *JVMnV tc'4'Jr>l's <* ,*. J 11 V V - Z i v < 4)f* ,J} , Jc".1' . ! h. L e ,, / cunei Dust Exposure . ...e 1 '>*4 A I I }" 'S W 1 , 1' By V. JL CASYROP j*i *' ' r : employeehealth and to the administrative work of his i3.w. I* *t * i management io department. As a result, he has in tilt, Vi y'O t ' ' w::, whrh: the' safety sufficient time for plant surveys. Tills oise*. i } j'i * :li accident prei;v is particularly true in plants where ^ojui1>i t let Forytbehsmootby the doctor is employed on a part-time fr.-ct its)/ < -it! s* department it Is, basis. i netcr-fB/ / dia* dii A safety engineer who is capable in *< - o f recognizing conditions which may Th- \-i 1 -nj. 'i Hi * 1 i "ic e t pen&{Vmuch:;.1- be detrimental to health is. an excel Mtmid:r_usH^ly;is'r; lent team mats for the doctor in a tvei 5>*f>'s > V ' ^workiagr^adist health maintenance 'program. The iitfn >r, the oilier hand, safety engineer need not be-capable mb! <[ !"" 4 ff 'ila time tending o f actually sampling air in the envi ,4i J 1 . - ne ro f the employee ronment. or designing a ventilation system for the control of toxic, ma V; J i ,>'.o s ilent He-id Indus trial iiafci;* ''j, Ay Research Lab- onte) s-iluin , t i Aral Alotors Coip., [Vtvov, I Ha r-' -.Je Las been ,m- (iecssd- Itsin r. yai presented at the Aatonw! wa ini' Shop Section, 'oth et; L'angresa,-' ' , terials. lie should, however, have knowledge o f the materials which have been proved harmful, and should have some understanding - of' basic ;control measures. 'The safety engineer, as well-as die doctor, should be informed as to where he can obtain the let hnical per sonnel to ao the sampling and de tailed otudy of tpe emiro ament and engineering personnel to render as sistance in-, the, control- of exposure. :Such assistance may be obtained from die industrial hygiene divisions of cither the health or labor capartments of m.:.i r atatej. Some e' y govern-- menls likewise have industrial hy giene bureau.'. la.-, addidon,:-ttv,-..thisa-jg&yenHiaestai- ogeneies, many imxrmu > carrier have on their stalls me* who. are capable -of sampling and rendering engineering assistance. Puvata con sultants are also available, or you , may find. that. an.;'industrial hygienist is employed by? your own organiza tion. ...... _ \ v *t' ( f'J'l*-'.) 'I t l 'u r--"!'!'. 'tElhaVi' s i ' 'iS , `v i ' M vapor blasting -hn* nfhvs and -vi.tfer under-pres- ms J r* , , 'V ^ /i 11 be maintained / '-iiuf* fk/ J </. no^ occur. ; ,T - ' j- r ; r? -i v*? , r .* ^itewT5 /S^hgKxi,^ .* ^ifi I I i^ l| `S *P I * '-I * J-' -,. .,,ft/--;ejcAiiiws/' T-5M/fVa/ir>ii of so/dur/ng ,> d: 1 i w j 1! Ac limited to iwtaswu-^ N i^ f' tM < ht n} . *'?-- u; '<> .' - ' - - 'i * * a A , 't \ V':fi if-': .-i-vfKh -fc - ;9--i|il ~`i - tt p.;. . -fit*1 I- prim'l'1, n! intJ'i^trial hygiene i,,- ri >-M" p- lun1 and dust exte. to imifatf: what control . '[- t " a i -ila!'. or used to if ',1 \. lHi , ! .."t tt!<- employee's health, and to i aUerit nn to operations and rna- >.a wlroh ate commonly used in -.wiry, at the same time indicating i'rally accepted opinion as to their ing. For this discussion, fume may in size. (25,400 microns are.equiva- pAon health, -.- .-;A ', 'ioiih vi;'a be considered to be particulate;matter ( lent to one inch), .`Arty conditions are improved pr formed by the condensation of a :va-;.:: , Generally speaking, there are two; 115 other than, their.-effect upon por. A molten bath of lead at a high means of entrance of toxic com- *''hr, Delli r prodtKite, . better em- ternperature causes the metal to vola- pounds, into the human body---by. in.<?: r.-lnliouship, reduction in tilize and form a vapor. Upon contact gestion or via the'respirator/ tract fi"ji:uit" of equipment may be with, the cooler surrounding atmos through inhalation of fumes, dusts, , ,)> jo>-tiliij-itiovi for manage- phere condensation occurs and. the mists or gases, ingestion is of im d lor s'Kih correction. physical state changes from vapor to portance if toxic materials v/hich - 1Hit*** a solid metallic particle. have a systemic effect are used and - ' While dust is also a solid particle, adequate washing facilities ore not ' , ) ' v \< i"-at'- designate as it is formed by the disintegration of provided, or, where the employees va " vp. , f / gas, etc., they solid materials by grinding, crushing, are slovenly in personal hah'is, > f-, in ii-stry, the plat- abrasion, or similar action. inhalation is considered the most - >.et 1 > iin " ' tank, tile va- Fume particles are generally small `important poTtal of entry of fumes- . - , (i [.e> ' p 'netal-cleaning in diameter,'with the size dependent: or dusts and trie particle size, there- - ip tb exl <"at gases from upon the type.of fume, tire extent of- fore, becomes significant in evaluat '.p < e f;ri;i mu' referred to as . flocculation, and other:factors. Dust ing exposure. The particles which 'vie," fii intbMrial hygienist, particles of hygienic significance are- cause the physiological changes >-ior` -lefinite mean- those beteween one and ten microns those which arc small enough to re- . main suspended in the elli -and net f 'G I V , 5. : those which immediately fall to tire ' *"It-i\<At ' ^?;7y->v VA?*'r floor.. Flying particles, which :may : ijcause'eye injuries .areinpt: ofibiygrenfes' fsignificance- ysihcehtheyjhrh':' Bpfcyfi% respirable' sie. To judge the serious;mess;;o f 'anrlexposure^b^ $SL*f* of detritus-' adj acent to arhopfe-Mpjifisi; i; often; misleading. This is esp*3l/Hy hue where, mechanical ventila.tipii, re- hi 'moves; tire- ''.quafe.: tpv:trap-;^^orV;conyeyyifie;.-',lar if 'iparriclesi,:; ^ ;Al:;-'hihyy'J 4 ;l^.^aliiating an exposure it u a o }- , essary to consider the toJ.ieirr'- oi the ' , v' material, t ie duration bf 'tie `f f h * m i* . iS x ti-t&tjtfVi'Si'-r- sure, tue average concent;Aim othc> y , J 5'v>v ct maminmit with special ,,ttendon 1 heing paid to those opcratioiis v/hici. 1 f * produce high coneentrmiom* at sonu . phase of an operating cycle, acd ^ e measures which have been provided `i n i>< ( --To page 52  ! m m m 1 1 a c t :l & s i t f i f with resultant failure of the tory system. While welding ia |y..;v --From 1 open areas these toxic gases are no- control the -po:"i`,j. Medical rec ords of the 1-if vid0ii'a subjected to be exppV.ifa >>./ I - A value if tine -.raniinatidne are thorough and frejuenl findn o t of/a cursory" type. It nust; bt': reniriHiberfifl `th a t;oecupa'ionai diseases--' are tow , in. develop-' `-eut arc.! in some- instances. lasting ;n effect. Slow changes may not. beletectedL, mm! the mere fact that cases t.-ive-not oeecrreil dees not mean. that r.posures. to known toxic materials may be ignored. Determination of the concentration >f the toxic material in the air is im portant in evaluating the exposure, i-'sfs of this type are indicative not 'dyof the degree of contamination, ut also, in .some in. lances,v which iteration is U-o major offender. ih e apparatus us-' -I in collecting . :tie contaminant and the.-method used' estimating .the .an'mint present in he atitooephem vary v:ih the type of ,'iaterial. Tea? of tbr type are spec fixed- in imuin- ard are beset-with any-'.-pitfalls- v,'lct! ean lead to er' ueous . r.ii -tosbm i.f done by inperilio-ni i >;no . The mere fact that these limits are mally not present in sufficient quajp .exceeded does not. necessarily mean tities. to cause harmful effects. Hov; that, someone will become definitely ever, when welding is done in c%t. ill.' But there is a g o o d probability-- fined areas, the-nitrogen oxides rnv' that someone will suffer ill; effects if reach a concentration which will 1. the limit is; greatlyexceeded for a harmful. . considerable, period. There remains Gas. welding generally is not pro. ' - much to be learned- regarding the ductive of harmful fumes, lhcre arp. toxicity of many substances-used in however, in brazing two potentially--' - harmful exposures. While boric acid' industry. or borates generally are used in bra, So much for the general picture. ing fluxes, some metals require flin,-, Now let's look at some specific opera containing significant quantities 0< tions. . ; fluoride compounds and fumes from Welding Welding processes most commonly these fluxes have been known to oroduee, significant nasal irritation. Fluorides in general are looked upo used can be divided into three types, with suspicion since they may pro- arc, gas, and resistance. The safely . duce harmful effects upon tne bono measures pertaining to clothing, gog- structure. A , limit o 2.5 mg. per gles, . and helmets are of common cubic meter has-been suggested for knowledge and-will-not be considered fluorides, but no standard has been here., agreed upon, Most- industrial hygien Arc welding when performed on ists attempt to keep them as low as uncoated steel does not .produce a practicable. , condition considered harmful to <the -Silver solder is one of the more welder, provided it is done in a cora- ; common alloys used, in brazing. Sold- paratively large open area. The fumes ers o this type vary in composition which- result from welding-consist es and may in some instances contain sentially of the oxides of iron and cadmium which, if volatilized, in suf , oxides of metals which may comprise ficient quantities, is considered hartu- -''mliSSj.de hbdifs the steel'r coating o f. the welding ful., At present the;suggested limit for Li. a di-iei'fiSji ! p. -'ining to toxic .-iiterialn d is \yauer- ;ly necessary to dote peimsj'.H coni.entraiions, or * it is i -iog ex] .ressed---isiaxi-. urn aflowWe conneiatrations--per- dssible 'imite, or; ih'-eshold limits. i*ese terms -ar*e uscii extensively by i'dustrial hygbmists fi; indicate-con*. ntratioos of s -substance in th ;r .which' irn-to-sidei'-'^compatible ;?h goo;,; hed 1- T!k liniii usually "pHea lo rapi -re1! of-eight hours .'.ration ios' a iprolong.>-.5 period. Tlies. linci-, in-n, far 'he most -part, ivisory' litsiPidards; ox bench marks --Iridi sre preficai;; io meet In gen-al, the";i !iv. i1-- aie derived from ire lyp'S i; m'e,ic all c which ve vahe rd bini'-' fijn&d i,{ Aiji'' ivi be- ' Jtposedi 'at dif- -feteas-, .rf-di itiu' unct iho eifecta . <:4s") i.j A Toni. e5>i;*' 'all i t aid' btea made UT ?! 1 . Ul^TCt- v,;.si-.tdjbrfe.periods/ o ttjn rf. Safe J.nss.- h> ir r arrived at by !uuesn>'>. if* 1OI ; ralioaa of sub- stanr.n iirihv" 1Oli /'* ' air and cor- - re'ati! -; fivz ooniTE5<>n -with rcsolta ai medicai e . 'us of workmen. rod. Sme investigators- have found charactcrisiic markings on chest x-rays of men who have welded under severe condition^ fo r long periods of tme. These markings are presumably due to the deposition of iron .fumes within the. lungs, but it has not been demonstrated that such fumes have caused physical impairment. A frequently- suggested limit for welding- fume is 15 milligrams of iron oxiile per pubic meter of air. Con centrations of this magnitude existing in the workroom-would materially re duce visibility and thereby become a nuisance or an unsafe condition re quiring correction. ` ' ' Welding within confined areas such aa tanks, inside, machinery or equip ment. or ha- small rooms presents a condition,;.'which, con be o f concern. The concentration of fame is materi ally higher under- these conditions as there is little opportunity for dilution by natural air currents normally, pres ent in a large shop. Nitrogen oxides formed by the electric arc when in haled in sufficient quantities causes fluida to form in the lung--edema-- cadinium fume- in; air is 1 milligram per 10 cubic meters of air. Resistance, spoti or butt wedding of plain steel is of no concern from the physiological standpoint. The fumes arising from such operations general ly are caused by the volatilized oil , which has come upon the metal stock during previous operations or has been placed upon the metal as a rust preventive.;';-',;/ ;- The preceding- discussion of weld ing operations has been based upon the assumption that the metal, being welded are of plain steel. The per formance of welding operations, ei ther. arc, gas, ;o r: resistance, upon . metals which have been coated with such toxic materials as lead, cadmi, urn, or mercury may cause harmful exposures. The heat of the fiejne or or t}:e arc causes vola'dllzaLon of these motis. Welding or cutting of terne plate or other metals containing significant quantities of lead can re sult in the volatilization of lead fume, which if inhaled for a sufficient peri od of time, may result in lead absorp- / ;y:; V v/ .--To page 73 ,AJ. Ts1*l*. i v *,j: *.?Jh*Jj,'i-'Al*A.vy*-Iu rfi. j* ' r-v. *Jt/ ii r: ?4 # f., OS - `Hi: r Yt `W * >lit ''"'1 ,u^ 1 i ' t X -n V ,cp ".r-tah-u';- i / - i aw t i i >;- xFn--\v B: tS[0?:..A tv rs~"h1i 1 f;fr.^ a p n ^'lfV-V -ffif up1 a u .vt.A-.'dStri.i__ _dot ^ Hu .Aw--; " ^ r co ' If? A J1.U1*>'f * S m - h vp. , , <ttn*ng , Bristol, Term, V 1.441 ) date; 360 era- >.WI3o 'van-hoim, as of r. L9'S A plaque and rinsed (nr each million wtMiou. disabling in- >^a-vs.ig). ^ < "* , l i t "or t-o. > a ' / 'rhop---.Y nem - , , *, J p i j 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n - : i > ' et.'*i >0 22, 1947. STtl '!' Oirwlff''}. h:, * i i ,, , -- Mechanical uti Section. Pow er D ivision, !; i m e n t M a v 17, 1944, i .n employees;. 500,000 man- o ! - e /> h i- 31, 1947. , >Jir> it ' ^ i 'l` i te p'-isoniug. The cut- 1 i'g nl surfaces which a i' -d nh paint contain- au* 1 lead poisoning. ; >ad. -'otn plated mater- -.ed . the rmise of ill- i ,. de ! to a number of; in, cie wia. The re dd i d thei death oc- ' up. -uvelv bhort time ' ' 1 ` ur ' f , al, m'zed metal causes , i i*`n 1 the zinc coating. i 'issr-nnfort dbsociated UI .null lever may result ,'ObUr*>. - ,,.4 ui: 'I control of weld- u . j fly accomplished; m hanical ventilation pt < ventilation used v '>p<> he nature of the U hjeol to he weld- k 1? <1 i fixture or jig it I h* n oh1 >i effective control <4Ml: by o' use id a grill, if if 'ileMutt"near tlie t l i . ' 'no paras are ktrgtj M*, 1o weld more than dit 'oiut, i t difficult 1 u'ol oi the fume te > volumes through' - ll i *le ducts. offer?i e range of most is ''I'proxunalely eight Cm , die .vat opening, it is r ! ill 'older to move the . t"' arc is outside this 1 1 radical..-result is. that Whomever there';, c s lip p in g - h azard there's a p o s s io la time lost accident, a possible cornpo.isation. claim ' a n d a need for s u re -g rip casy-to-wear SH ID MASTERS. StaSaie SKIDMASTERS assure safe tooting on oil-slick nocts or other , slippery surfaces. indoors . or, o u t SHIPMASTERS offer economical protection against slipping hazards. Write, for Bulletin Wo. 104 ' S T A N D A R SAFETY ,E Q U IPM E N T ' C O M P A N Y 232 W est Ordaria Street, Chicago 10 Ilftlnsls N2WABK e - 'CUVeif.HEi - - LOS ASJOECUS K E E P IT C L E A N :c> See. P&tvdcired CioiSRjnr .t#.i'SOPAGwrbeaded; 'soaps? aa8;vegetabte^ssriibberes ti'STeRCPAC^pihXa - ; , ' & IAMOKAC--coBUIoa lapeifu. BOitQiAC--borzoi serebbee " A W e o E H G o a . a la.it} v / u / ' r r WE INVITE'AM OPPORVUKiTT TO'SCRVE YOU SKOTCH PRODUCTS COEii^OSAtEON 2710-12, Detroit Ave. Clewlostd 12 , hie most .'mets jvi'V3(,li a&l'v not moved; end tiw ventidation remove the i unie!:1: According to re- welding. Circulating fans directed from tiie side help to dilute the fume which may be concentrata! in the a respirator. It is sufficient m rnr,yS; welding for the employee to wear y,, ordinary .helmet and to arrange ffij, ports,-, tins' tyre -of eflecti"ely- U3<;if: in; : controi o f >reMing ;umes in, confined breathing zone of the welder. Another means;, of control io the use of :personal respiratory' equip position of the work so as to prevert the concentrated fume from flowin'* under the hehnet. c areas: fh vim:4Tol 1 djoui i . {here1(ore. 1 a : satisfactory means, of -control' itr welding5fumes ment. Air line'respirators and fume respirators:.;have been developed which will provide'adequate protec- Dry Grinding Dust; resulting from the grindim in uuii'a;' Ifov/cvei. supervision and- ; tion. Some, Manufacturers have on of nontoxic metals which are free of edttcatioh are nece'-'xry.to make such the market welders';helmets'.-with fa- sand is generally considered a nui* systems elfee'ive."' '/A':'5.' eilities for providing fresh air to the sance ana is not harmful per w, Where the .room volume per welder is large, cioral wntilation within Uw plant is uMiailv sufficient to pre vent accumulation of excessive convenlration of fumes from plain steel wearer. : Use of this type o f. equip ment has been limited. Since the welder is already burdened with hel met, goggles, and protective clothing he probably will not be receptive to Despite this fact some state laws require grinding operations to be ven tilated. This requirement has prob ably been a holdover from the davs when sandstone wheels were preva lent and also to prevent the creation r.U'K' of a nuisance condition. Grinding wheels in use in industry have arti 40 , / , J / V- " Atf ficial abrasives, such as aluminum ox ide or silicon carbide. Emery, a nat ural product composed essentially of aluminum and `magnetic oxide of , ^ A-*,1,1 'b`Vp rjmSt .iron, may also be used. A permissiblelimit of 50 million-particles per cubic foot of air for aluminum oxide and silicon;.carbide w as recently accepted by the *members . o f t h e American- Conference' of Governmental Indus trial Hygienists. Such a limit is lib eral and. concentrations of such mag nitude are normally not encountered. When lead, silica, or some; similar toxic material comes in contact with Itie sv-ixii'ir,. tisy-,surfaces, you, roust'; . 4 Sn - ' -jJai . . . because rubber ' -1I hrni' on DRV surfaces, but V' )uK -(v " wet surfaces. the grinding wheel the exposure to the abrasive matter may be ignored and:the; exposure `evaluated, on the basis of the toxic: material. If this latter material is controlled, the nui -1it -t, " 'ppery surfaces, you wist ky* cord . . . because cord hot. c--- 'v on. wet surfaces.: sance will also be eliminated: Ventilation systems for grinding wheels have been fairly well stand- atdried and generally are sail-factory to prevent a nuisance. Hoods should t t:r t t,.< '.oupy surfaces, you "S"1 Wave. waigfct'ridges: 1 ton " rr ir." s cut ihru and scrape c-'t h -ip '1.0tter, and grip the "Ultot mi f enclose the wheel as completely as is practicable. Air volumes should be sufficient to cause an inward flow into the hood when using the :mailest wheel. This Is especially true where toxic materials are involved, re v;surfacesj you must';;.'. . V asid'-e-''sharp; .Oisa-'.- coli spikes un. c is Th '.F-HI spike ts self- . cari ,, oiways sharp.' 4 i ffi/f-AyU5 .j Gvb.'i & : V/ <e -&*** '-P I .ivity fl, L,- 's* HHNLWsa-' v . Ask your safety dealer*-' or write us :ROSE" MANUFACTUUNG&COi 1731 Arapahoe St, Denver, 2,. Cob, Vfei Crejdfflo; dalles, iu.o.L, and guards are generaliyi-i: located near wet grinding wheels io prevent dasperffibttlpfoihe hjqcud usta ha a coolant. These de vice's are asu-ffily sufficient to control the dust if, it is nontoxie in nature. If the dost liberated in toxic, me chanical exhaust-ventilation may be -required. Buffing an d Felfshkijg , '' - Buffing;.; compounds aoplied to f f e 1^ ` I? f 1 V V-ftfiTatu' 1 \\ I t-Gvtd t(' 4?c ^ 7 i * y ipadim -, - ' ,,`i hrer. ' '.n hid" A .A i "> `V1 i 4 r .aend * 5 i \ Iti \ JV i -A^ rKf* ,, ri /Ufe.vv. Ai A \ 'er"Mjfficlv T-A i ' "" t^UllT-Sitie Ariosi aa. I `Ai.i.fl.y.jf. a " ^<%ewsa f G4-ttrit'fl ? ii, r,iMA^rlm-' . st f .r.. a fife p fe ii ' ! S'kiAtEabe 1 >i hug au<l polishing Osi i. Waxes ad vari- ' ab 1 tvea are the majoi ' , > 1 1> ii material..,, plus 1/ vs, 1 ni the wheel, are i * in ' Heats of the aii- ** . 'he i r idly is dependent i. n o! brasive. Generally p ' i p ,'ided to improve 4v*. ,, ai. ' ieduce the number (i'll1 , a)i 'lot because oflheft 1 K v llti ^ rfr i v (-* ft'-v^ -vn -f|ft \ * f ( 1 V*. n, 1 V { *r i> J ia* fc ^{f f ^^I'lii *Si. s * H e lp \r- h is fig u 'i\|:l:v y |fIr- : V a h !R e a r i n g ,*Tra*i*s, >N& ?y?v fV-fiiRnvfIWWD -wsw ti 1 r t Ii ' ,* V > v ' T e k ^ T ^ 'ij^ -I . * l ' ` ii <'1 p a its is the pre- `i " 1 a n cont n n h iatio n jiuim'L operations. Illness has ' i lb m d to this type of u r i.. .V, n, the case w ith m ost iv-ls >! the nuisance van- 'll .in i> as to w hat eilect ' ils have on existing ni lilies. X 1 Pl" oi dons on teel pio. hi, oi tuitiingbt eon- , 'u!< * ,t ' ' ot a problem. Op- Jr t iv'i the machining of * r 0,ff ` oy ' avq been studied, u i , mtitics of.aiiborr.e ^ r h * i ' b - demonstrated. V . k i - hi ' becomes airborne ,; S . i d ' ae >ng of cast Iron is ,/ - ? JW *^ < .k'" if.A1;'`ti>' * f j, \ j h iologii J ly bignili' , is chi billed as a t. equenUy manage rs r advisable to piOlot ror. tl c machines *J ' ' ` ' to ' live ot toe most . , ait, u the clothing and 1 i" in '"`ding machinery is * '* > ' ' i n ' .' complaints. A usi& E ieter .......... T rfe^ t , f* ^*1, 111"^4 aa ....k..v s 'y-M....tr ...w - /i' . vL - ....... 4 v i j l l - V v ' 1 ^ 1 1 1m I f k ^ I- f ft-;: The 16,500 occupcitioncl.diMUfHitA ' *, Hearing tests w'bb'u^ai tj^ifliorv u l l reported "in 1946 by the-' \ '" Audiorec.'-r v jL' rcrcd'ih] ixatioowl Safety Council is in- X ^ you w ith ".hwh1 \ * d<_ta for duxiry's challenge to provide \ p cin w ien t re, .<vG, Give ore- j greater safety for its employees. ' cnipicym cnr hear., g tes.v to , W ork in g hand in hand w ith \ determineappiicant .in n e*sfor( , science, industry can reduce this \ specific jolts, and pe. iodic tasrs,.` staggersog figure. r \ , to detect need for occupation N ew scientific techniques for \ re-adjustrnems-. checking physical fitness of ' EQUIP your doct.r, curse or employees now include periodic \ c//r,,e w,fh he at, si develop- hearing tests w ith a pure tone \ nent/nsc.crMc caring testing audiometer. "* --an JLti3d Audioi icier. Gper, Avosc. accidents caused by faulty facaringsnyour plant. Check your atior, >s ^asy w, h fa c to y \ provided instradio is. employees hearing regularly'with a predion Audiometer. \ , .'*:.' V'-1 ". VJtlV.n TOEAV tor informative Bulletin D-l 00. ti? : "' |> I TV i !- L f* / ' X * V11t ' "e> <r tg " 'V V- 1 1<i 1 iccoguireil' as the 'i ${?IK'!* > 1*1V) ,' I mineral dusij, an .la ii! n system, is* nor- C7\ \ '^^ liefer ,if-f. I .V' ii ' 'd ' die lime of instai< in daily built sand * .' < 'en Continuous usage *' >' u.` r ' `nance result in a t> AAU0f-o}1|jX ft, ( w a p V o . (uatti ciOttbnoL Vi$id 'JW fiits i ni >doM * \ a *>.r-V;i V> . ,, i-hp V' . r re t ot >[ av ^ *> 1h u > X W `iif n in s the best evidence fted ati it 5 ath such ;i? condition X , If ^ i^ , ta S $ o c d rlk ; p e iife f 'tipok jnjipipegl.' Deuces-: f life uwopUed-ttif `leeateai'/ that the a of harmful eon- f , ; v 'V | x iT Mr cadiiies3{ii , \ I c ^ Sv* j'.-tS-- s*,, .fae. `-- t i n ; i ait'. ,,-- 1 ap, " Xl k.kujS,%i| 1 1 h < m <(, t e j . - v l A w -------t i o , 4 t < 4- i l f lS a f i n V I l J U b f t M { w * 5f good hosi ft-st iengor---peovoo-s .-,.iJci.w s.'t iov. ()* v 't . J. ai k | f , \ USED 3 f MOST OP A W aiC A 'S, Ml lAkOEST lNOUSTP.tES^ .\ I " ' -V i H t - 2, i / t < 'pressors should be i in \ `,e 1 no vV * d `ic e of contamiracontaminant will lie helmet. the iS I:i!!i5^3:.-C O r!A iia?i Ir r 575 East MElwaukso Ave. Detroit C, t^Sekl^aa jHi, ventilation within the it for silica. This leakage should be Pf' 'dud so 'as' to improve corrected and ihr menrbhpuld-npt be iii \fyiittljj- prevent the cs- - required to use re-.| itutors. lat.', the surrounding areas, it the articles being blasted are free the concentration o f" ; of silica pr 'other toxic material, the 'tit n i '4$$x> level. / dust`resulting from grit or1shot blast V : 0 wtabhgMabJe tyge <>f ` ing is classified in Ita nuisance- cateI - li tens-andd, J^j^rovided'y 'bet I * tijrprevent' -e f ` - i|i,ea'diiisifXeakage dne'- mg, -although desirably is not- always ive ai-.i.liu'da be reniectied. ,' so necessary as for sand blasting. sain "as! cabinets, where "the The use of steel grit or shot in (M 'olfa the blast nozzles blasting- rooms pioduces excessively i -iH > 'iK cabinet, frequently high concentrations of dust within the 'tt*t is ground, the doors or .enclosure. It as therefore, necessary *1M*J, rnnllois ate Joose 01 to protect the worker -within the 1<i* ti '< which .escapes fiom -room. The icrnaiks concerning sand Cl . , ugh these. openings is blasting rooms, are therefoie, pci li iM 1 Jlby* to the breathing - nent when considering' rooms in i :thc: apioyee and in any which steel grit or shot are used as is the permissible line the- abrasive. * MW* fpjf > i X'-iTk ers -t--' ^ "t / "k A S' J f / / $ ^ p 4 Vapor blasting, a W sand blasting, is a compuraue-j '7 JA. i cent development. This proce.it, 7*h'' volves the use of fine silica and t A f qf under ^pressure. The silica generally believed th.it airi . ............................ . . . . the use of silica aiuasiye tial ,particle sL-.e approach^ '-7,.^' Older of magnitude ere morc';hvwc"i^3?f ous, and, require continual m maintabling good c o n tr a s t tlierefore, essential that i blast cabinets be n i a b i i a b u ^ ^ leakage'of mist does not . Good, housekeeping ,is aI^of-.r,.''-1%\ ; tial as spillage of the sand y,b'cp/t sludge upon tlie floor will source for dust dins uninalv'-", - the water evaporates 'Likeiiiai tainers of the dried sludge ubivd-Ji.. 'f-.'il be allowed to stand in tin, w>! .`dr,.* when tliev can be iuiluencul currents oi high velot lty * -.'Practically ;al'i., is dustaa^'*; have operations which ' iu\viw - M ' use oi lead base Li arine ------- .-.I- ~---^jLy ------- -------------------------------- -- ..................... -- ' -- r.> V ' v-Vi-.* ,. - 1 -; -'Cirt ' --- - -- r n ,-------- -----~ t -------v ------- <: w--* . . ; w \ i.f@ d y s t s I r r i t a t e w o r k m e n a n d /b d u c io n . S H m in c r fe ^ lh e m w it h 'VVi i' m BUST COLLECTORS TORIT Dust Coliectors afe completely self-con tained units that are attached at the machine. Abrasive dusts pass through spark-proof, filters Tt- , .and the cleaned air is recirculated. i T* 't't ' 7*, lOniT Dust Collectors ere easy to install, eco- nomicai to operate, and may be moved as prodoaion layouts aro chants d. - ~---in Sizes ranging irony l/s HP. to 3 i V V V- .vr xs- Jj HiJ,and fitting ail standard grind-'^ *' Tjj ing, cut-off and polishing wheels i fe ;A - j are available for immediate de-V .4 livery. ..-For.:deta iIs vand; Iatest `"a TORIT catalog wiite; &SBI Jm M m m n i m m u. m,WMltT-'ST; f i - ST. p m , HISM. '1VP\ -4SS3M!g>!n. f 1 1 '* w u If H \i e V , I ^ &t *5 ,-, ..4#.'.v,,4.ttiicrJ.*sVdivL'V..., , 7 . , y , ;Vvf ^ ^ j.......!-'^^,1" -, >i yCTtfl ' "# .' ! * *<* A# l'i H ~ *A <-`4 ^Sc|i ; - ^ A* * `* Atf f. <* \ i :?! , * ;,u \* qrt" ll . 1! uU healing metal com.iin- highei teirtperatui c the metal is more of the molten metal. Attempts have iifi V P* . mately 75 per cent lead readily oxidized to produce a dross been made to use natural draft ven hnXi: 'ce- " icouniered. 'fhe compoai- consisting oi a high percentage of tilation systems to contiol these fumes It* * ff * 'cr metal is variable m.id- lead oxide. Tile chess may piovide a and in those instances where the duets 1 f ieit upon 1the purpose fox protective coaling to reduce die vola- were .not of sufficient diameter theVItV H,t Used, with'"ordinary soft .fcilizatior, -of 'the lead;-' however, dis system was inadequate. A preferable ' f \n C i 1Ann.'g & comput aiively turbance ef-tLis coajdng will create method is the use-of rnechanical-sys-- ,er< >mie,tff'r|jiacht ^ t , ,h an exposure. ' , 'tems.; h/t UT" gjdtai og"solder y , As ,a safeguard against excessive 1iThe removal of ,-excess'Redder with sm 'egriifieanl'amount o f lead, ' contamination, pots containing solder power-driven tool' such as grinding t** * i then -arh?esiah to whether _ or babbitt , are1usually -ventilated. <ir t ol -er< loyees working with this Wherever.-possible, it is advisable to ,.al ';1 become ill. The answer enclose the pot as completely as pos i be "ven by a qualified iiidus- sible and.provide sufficient air vol wheels, discs, or ,/ir wheels, nrestesairhorne dust whch .may containing' ute large areas if die operation Is ex-` tensive.'Diligent u->e of abrasive cloth it \it iiygn ist chcr.he had seen the- ume to 'overcome the thermal effects will also Tesult in excessive coueen- /"utV!Is!? 'OJ id cousideted such factors ,, 1 "te; fi-'ralure to wieh die metal j.t>?1 (led ''e method of removing ex-, n M OilM the Lngth of e-posuse, it- :ie - 1sctivxmess of the control mppf res ovided. . Ci .13.H oil known fact that lead t m1 il' b if ahsoi bed in excessive S'rtn mts. ad therefore operations iIn . h is used have received eonpu'rn1^J ble Judyr. Out 'of lids expetii (U t >Cl o practices are knowoi to ]*kO" rce `Missive exposure whereas lilh ' pr'i 'fees have been proved mil bfmst&lJ^PAMT-ECTOE 6M. MEMS4 I4 in 1 h - siful. It is generally coni ..('.`L-h i th i excessive conceiitr..iioof, ni r ' nit from operations where * till i us ; ,'oliedb) means of an ciec- i 8*-' ilclf mg iron. Tills is probably >iiip *o ib small amounts oi solder and ! e compaid'.ively low hc.it b'Xi tl?l 1.1. j ,9 Oils and Grease by-/' ' IV '.- il > -r iron is healed in a small a w A c i d s and -Caustics eu mace, the exposure may " Tars and Creosote -Any !n i r Her .consequence. Solder t i -> ' dns on ihe iron coming Painfcs'and'Lacquers a ' 1 in* ` with the ame or heat is Naphtha and Solvents Lf/y; >4*1 n l tal 1 for 1volatilization. Small Flame. ** mis < 1 solder drop from the iron I Ilil-M \h r hot floor of the furnace I . Each of these represents a potential HI`" *' it ! readily volatilized or oxifjlV , V n oxiclized material may be* i- ,P a u j urne due to disturbances t *i U.1 )n the flame or by removing jj! lost time accident. Protect your ri workers against ltese hazards by | standardizing on StaSafe Protective V' i 1`CCj the soldering iion in the 4t . re. * 1 industrial hygienists U jS . n it ; that ventilation he pro- Vv-L. ' f e >"ating units ox this type, *'}.- "y tioving lead lumas and ,* : 11-,. die environment, This is I" * 'ji, ; ' true In small looms or j\ ` > units >tue in use. ' 10. i '"'ric contamiiiation oeca- * ..i 1 )he use of either gas or * h f f 'C { . f heated pots containing ' pendent on a nurnhci of | Garments. Stock models solve many problems: Standard's free design service will develop a new model jj or m odify sn existing o.-ie so solve your special I safety problem, I ' ' U'ttte for bulletin No. 1 0 6 , f I , StaSafe Products 1 ,Ij , v are ^manufactured by S T A N D A R D S A F E T Y GG.U!iE*SftENa % * 4 fra.. At c`~J Y & d j tN ^ rv -I I1I C G '& P A M Y /J ' ith higher tempexalures 2 3 2 W est Ontario S fretf, CLssar; 1, ILIhwAs ;| V' `'diation will occur and the NIWARK , . - - r t*' be the exposure. With the LI ClCViLAKS , - - - ICC KOHSS | M iciw utl, i jii.ig, iuuswcr, tiiiUii) bysluns' to- <xnUoi toxic ira- h u - i oi small particles, ieiiath should be consulted, otherwise &tK' l v in-- over the uso of pow- 1a costly system might bo-erected and VJ *>4?' t r`oli .............. later found entirely ineffective. if I is n ' practicable, it will Frequently solder removal opera-j" bti *. f U provide some type of lions require the use of portable tools1: Vm tron itittion system for the on large objects .and- a local exhaust soloi i \ ' >vul *.iterations involving systexiri would not' be effective, as is tb'1 * ' jw tools. Since the per- t[ie^ case- in the fabrication, of aulo- >iu mi' 5i >dt nerally accepted for1 mobile bodies. General contamination iC-vlbi iT iitr n ib y arris per 10 cubic of the factor/.with lead dust has been inet-c. ,i- *ir ( >, cubic feet) it will eliminated by enclosing the,entire op be ' i..... - to ! ve an effective 3ys-1 eration in a large booth and exhaust tem to jMc.ide adequate control.:En ing a sufficient quantity of air from gine rt : | , iet1.. d in designing ven- the enclosure to-insure a1constant in- A 5>1S* *s Vl *"w< br ^ it, r.va. S 't%nr tS i ,ifr1i'i'"-- a/ *4 : r Sf ' *K / Ul'is <- * XRWSA;v>,:iffi glfg| * \ , -v;r >;-A*::- 'iiV i&'A: *rAt/ *-i-2r*-+^f*Vum m J ' t 4-* <). \ - \ } j AS -nr o-,:- -*-* -sd h\ s o t r * " *f ' ' -t J'r\ v v? 1`a .t * ward Sow of air from the factory hibyd the booth. Under'these circumstaticpsd no practical'amount of air could be; removed, from the booth to reduce the lead concentration to a safe level,- and therefore it is' necessary that the men working, therein be provided ; with adequate personal protective dc- t o n vices. K`- H eat Treating High temperatures an: a frequent ' .L/v'it'-/j source of complaint from employees ;pT/lgilpfe, in heat treat departments but such pU conditions and their cotitrol are not within the subject under discussion. Fumes from cyanide pots are often associated with, cyanides used as ,q; ' fumigants or as the lethal agent in death chambers, and supervision as well as the employee becomes ap 1r ' prehensive. Fumes from such a source are irritating and -because of this property should be adeqt ately ven- tiiated. The irritant nature of the fume is caused by alkali formed upon decomposition of the cyanide. j,c, i -ypitr/ ` t ir-5,.i Molten lead is jometnms used as a hardening medium for metals. Fre quently charcoal or some similar ma ,;P'\r.hir'- terial is placed on the suifice of die metal to conserve heat and prevent i '-A dm . t **a l **5.* <?* J, ${,* *4"(fO'*- t. ' krM l*ix i, 4.1 W-- f lt ihl i i, I f it*HE N E W A N I I - S K i D T O E C U P ff *M i l / ', f " i n- ? G u ard s a re now available with a ru b b e r1anfi-sHd 1 fee l*!p >'-1 '1 ' SU.hhhv: ns .> t-ho - fth * U' ' fool is in dange* of being oi.hor crushed or cut. ; - lit-raRh" --i-iopi '* designed vo furnish' maximum amounf of pro-' ted; u4 1-s 1 1 ! >' o fronf of fho foof-- r.of merely the foes alone,, buf |4 ': ? ) he > 'ep against hazards from failing, rolling or flying ebji u - from Izial !. - --4 : IL !J#y m 4 5 ^ SV'-,T ELLW OOD C O T , PEHfJA, 11* t - v ; ' '-i!fi</.v*. ".v- .'j-CV.-*i*"-?.-.' t'C' ' r iif`> i ^ ''l '- '.p|V.-'- .I.Ui' .- `.:: v Pi U ' ; > ^ V 1 ^ ..MKS/vi r. .a r- 1U.1 i i Cr, Hjw ABi-btfa Full So! Kbr<s Si,!* Ousrd is ih a ahswor to climbing.' proMenss, spoadj up- work, raducet ;costs,, :ancS. work is more efficient with no fear of falling or, strain. Stand is Idas I for . cleaning, 'servicing,; reaching, and handling stock in and out of oiiu. and shalring. Paiiur.," include sifviigli'i, light Wjigh-v.-'' ampin platform vpC3, waist high; guard roil, stability, plus ,,HA>0/*s:; JACKS for a rigid sfend. &ui,/ cfc1 sfiaai-:,tubing:iwd,-..iof*ci84r<:WCi(H!iT paint.d wiih ivro .o a ts nicclil n ry eft.mci, wi!h naopra.io wr.ciieh, it U; eveilablo in various modaU. Writ for further information. - *faiaol* eppi/ad .terA m r. v;. co., m e. -3431 S. Hcyr.s- Avd.( Cliices 8, , . , 'Sa" fVC r* ? ^ j"1V` ,iri1' * t z. i / i- *^: 'vA.'T.j.: :.;Vl at -c \ !< 1i 1 a. V i. J j w w i K X . / /. ... . ' - c : . " v T . ' ; ,r '. '. - " V " \ v - '.... ....... ....... . - - : :'`'S!fV; - . - ; , . ... ;.<{.'. ` . f , . . , . avodug o this-'type ''fiffoti,i'-Jj :;ti.i !'i &: olatilization of lead is quiescent, but has ' . v; 1 .w i the bath is in use. el. - ` ve i. .lation should therefore i . td ;<i baths of this type. As an i.closure as is practical let t: in being performed is wb-1 Hir quantities depend- i(^h . fi. -`Th.'. { ih<- tica areas in the hood.. "...,,.ut contaminations: resulting: ; :,i, ,.-'itil; .'ion of lead aceumu-1 i . il.. combustion chambers >-`.-hhi-:;,' ' J . 'note ni combustion from gas - hv'V., i i hould be vented to die Tyi;.:;; and not be allowed to dissi- VV'''`,tVv ih. '.'orkroom. -y./`.y.:. v" -: '$. t,' y_ -' : . .y,'.''."-T-' : "s :-lerL.' in the formulation ! "VT , ]x; .Unii g is a potentially harm- f * !, This material. is 1the in the production of ih -m kno an as asbestosis.i' ^ li 1 f lui icct is comparable to V't t > K ud a permissible limit-'"oo, -(tides of asbestos dust :;- t ' i j i 1 of air is genoially t n ...'!:'-"1.{/ :..*x - ` ' ^ s 1res to asbestos and ' -it, * ts of trie brake lining li ` dry materials are V*'. ,i,, il iptied into the misers ( 0 - equeu opeialioi.s of i-'i .>x. JV < 1 lit 1 , or surfacing. Tomrt 1 are sometimes used Liq and cont.uiijnation i ..,-Vh'J-: Q(| a should not be ig- \ ^ f r i tei * xliaust systems ivilii ' di'. ied hoods or endo- il U' to iemote the dust . . i . ucions. ' -, ?e * - Kll -V > * i *r' 1"Mj\,-'? i *>' ^ . : W> lirrr ' ` ingiedients of foun- `iUcu, sea coal, days, ai impounds. The jueX)l ' nd will be dependent ta: r1 se ot the foundry op- 1 i g studied and what I;1 b dug performed. The J- ' s the major problem. iu : < o f secondary irapor- S+ zj ' \r*4\ i :>U.. : ,,V .i "ijfV 't f ^ 'jf ; " -.aMk tSft1 - o f all the aspects of rdi ygiene probiena. in ild- tequire a-`separate .ufj,-. s: .i presrxit dfecusstoiidt P ' .(eht, to. state . hai. .ml. Ol .of Just dispersion r* ed to a minimum by, lo ied exhaust system^. S.V i foundry such places i cudiuoning and mixac '. tumbling mills, shake-1 if *<val and knockout sta- tioiis, transfer points of dry sand, air cooling- ducts directed m men a f''1 abrasive blasting operations, and all manner as to create cross rails .j1 grinding operations performed on which interfere with the efficient re- M castings, containing appreciable quan- movaJ of dost. Better placement of titles -of sand, these fans or ducts w 11 go far in re- ' Maintenance of ventilation equip-.....ducing._ dust concentrations, in. the .; jp ment is. a, major item, in foundries 1..areas where they are used. " | because of the abrasive action, of the R espiratory Profcc live d e v ic e s * ! dust. It is imperativektha^i a; good After the obvious bus been correct- program be maintained so as to keep c.d, it is advisable Jut a survey of - the equipment functioning, a t maxi- , the-foundry be made 1y an industrial mum efficiency. , r . hygienist so that, an accurate evalua- . Because of the heat associated with tion of the exposure may be ob- - ,i i ,'; large scale foundry activities it is a tained. . v li common sight to see pedestal fans or As has been stated, the atmospheric : ]y d' S afg-T -vIs: th e g o g g les th a t w o rk ers w ill w ear Mo purse? ' t"v . mnit-P Uo rawer ? b e c a u s e t h e y 'r e ; ctf/ 7 \ 'v Ma' bock pocket-?'. N o, the glamor gal's catch all and the upper right hand cache may be 'full with the accumulation of years, the, pocket may bulge-- but you won't find .lightweight.S a feT-vis there. N ot during work ing hours you won't ! The w e ig h t of -two S afe-T -vk . lenses, made from anew allyl cast ing resin,: is.'approximately the same as that of one case hardened glass lens of the same size. 3-KOOU. Comfort Workers find Safe-T-vis light weight, attractive and comic riabie. What a.change from old type goggles whose: weight causes work ers to- remove, diem chancing ex-, posure to hazard ! S-HOSJK. P rotection Real protection comes only when goggles ate .worn throughout the period of exposure. And complete protection is the only function of any safety goggle; And th ey a re SAF Standard drop-ball tests prove Safe-T-vis' superiors,r over ordinary eye protection., S a f e - T - v i s offers greater resistanc.e to abrasion than do, other plastic lenses; I t re-e sists the stresses of higi velocity impact,.corrosion, and otjler causes of industrial; eye injury to the most exacting specificatiore Wiite for booklet gtvinsf-corn-; O r-. . O . . . pete details. twwo-'}t^--t^WK'TrWV^r?i7W`C.;i'7 : :ffta y - p i ' v h 1 " t# fef 4 +t e > ` Jg (jV*- '' i k y - sh \ H t & l i - i6- 3 ,r > r - t c x .0 8 Tiafit,a,#ifioe^-x L i g h t w e i g h t p r o te c tiv e s p e d a t i v i ; . A praJuc ( THS UK1V1S IENS COMPANY, D-yloa 1, Ohle ' 'A . eonci;itra:i:i of doA am: Urate and ; such equipmento must be- rJ . 'a S ; '3 "I* ' f iH , AftE! fife i. M A iif \ $ f?HS3 % ' li!;A)!SS' " >' . a i 1' , Ib.w ,.y. ...-.i Ph ' T S C T IV E A P - it;*./ l o P IT T H E L i *' S T H E NEED up, t 11they materials ffiar be , educed to a safe level by adequate exhaust ven tilation. In some cases it s possible to correct the condition by subathllting a less toxic material. If those' measures ato not practical, respira tory protective devices may be used. and constructed for safety as wefi ;i for, processing: requirements. tective equipment should he provided for use; in ease of power 1ailure faulty combustion conditions. . < 6. It is hardly necessary to 8ay that moving parts of machinery- <* S ' ' 1 t i l Thev may also prove valuable in should be guarded. Wherm er pr;y, * O t i V ( ' `* A * ' ! '-- giving protection during an emergen ticahlc, such guards should be hegj : j y 1 1 i- / H 7 1tf - 1 i W t't ,tLR - ` L b E S s I W * R o if i n t r A P ` ( REL i * , , # i l i ` s,?r ? .ffif5 Jf>t4*T ' LTIV.t CAR' y t.iC H f . i SUPPLY CO . '-'M ine lA l.i cy or to prov ide protection, for in termittent exposures or to supplement other methods of conti ol. They should, however, not he considered .-i the desirable means of conti oiling a health hazard. 1Ceramic Plant in to the machinery. , ' T. in general, building siructurcxt. and equipment- used in the ceramic, industry , are subjected- to rigorous use. Fumes, heat, dust and heavyloads create problems; consequentlya relatively high factor of safetv or factor of. uncertainty should be in s a r r y r, w,, s u r ' LY CO. BUFFALO A-. 7h e u ,/ ^ ' C f ' ANY A M B lini r, A C U T !'<5 " 1j < ' .NDERSON CO '^ A F te S 'U tv ./ s.< rt r r i 1- i SU ` ' C O . U C A 't- RCm un r iNCINt-'A f l . ,)Ut! >t-'NT INC. TH t` i \ ! i, 'EY 1 ' 'F V C lA ilU r A r t f. 11 - it Ui.1i1' - t j UO ' COMPANY 1HH \ . ' Y OIUH THF < > f If, -Y MV tft . L\ fi`l a ANY ! -- From page 37 ! Handling materials is recognized as 1 a prolific source of accidents in in] dustry; consequently it is a. fundanientai that bundling should be kept , at a minimum to avoid accidents as j well as to keen down operating costs. i .'5. \early eve-rv ceramic plant | must store 3..rjre quantities of finely l ground material. Many stoiage syaI tenis ate of the deep bin type. Some I of the materials do U >t llo ,v- freely, | and because o: foices developed in j d< ep granular material, arching takes place, Often Urn ices are not provided j to keep material moving to the bot corporated in the design. The solution of many of these problems will require the cooperation of the safety, production ami engin eering1departments.- Compromises, n requited, Jinuld be those n-'cessary for process- reasons,, since n is ac knowledged that- the - process is the prime reason for the plant. . Planning the original des::gn and layout and selecting equipimni with the barely angle in mind will safeguard ine invcament as w< I as re duce lhe,,,t (ideal risks. a 1u t i i . . r n *i/MAJ 'S' '1 < ill ' S A t!.? ' i-, E D. a : uV,,',U! r p ^ i ' i<- t *v/ TO!- t - p y ' vtNT QO. * -Y CO' , ( j- \NY UI> N T !NC. ' ' ' tom of the V.;\ Ms a result, a worker I must oilier die bin* from the top to gel [vlha/'Kiuiierinl:- moving;. '.!Hiisi.-i''.a;ri{an gerous operation but wherf necessarysafety harness and life Ism's should be used and attendants stationed- ai f ;y-b.f 1 1 $ i M M W g ft1f |V v i D E R M A T IT IS SPEEDS MBSCL w . s. '- i. y i 'ii AL'Qf q ^ IHUU i <,/',! irS fU itp v '.A t! t jr '.'ic srtJH- V 'O '-' IS O ita ' i f r 1A( r , COI on* (S, C O M PAN Y jp - COMPANY Of ! 'NY- f . " DP ` * 0 ' " where they can help in an emergency. -/t. Silicates and silica or quartz are primary umterials in nearly all of the ceramic industries, it Iso, these mate dais art. gene-'ally used in a finelf ground stale.. As a xm,nh thei e i.re ni.my dust uronJems. Wheii the, fiee sihet in fhe.-e dusty. Is finely di CAKE Sto*itiG"ai. 45e-~-:- Cau.e with SPilM-OSHtMA-C. : Hitad Ciesn.sgr';.: Spun-Dirma-C gttf info; m&mi those-liny cuts nd ^ aaraslonsi to tWoughlyy >- U inV ' i - PAM' fti'*' , ` i '" f'r . 't fts.-.n-fj,. tr.iy,iii >.'Tc-: t'Atv.^sr, hfRAC' 1' > ' ' n 0 3C- ' . ,Y ' -v fiiri n , t f A S A n C l! C O .NY . ' ,rS . ' i W t f1f ik W, v /W'-i.-vr ^ J 0 Vt" vide, wot km- e -...sad to them ate poUadial victims o f silicosis. 'Either v.tnkora mus, va ar respii ators. oi d,,nt nmol be removed from the work place-ifow-rexliaast-tv'^tflatiLon'i'witlvva sve^em or diui. collector's ^ ,, \ r > .. * knittUot oi cam enoulu Horn major clwanso , . . rmovias 1 , r/t o.\ qrv*tf, pmnfr Ink,, and' of- kmcU' wiitioiit. harming -fh mosir/dtilfcf^'heinds: tY a chup-freo1powdered cltiansnr carrfully bFanded of 7 til(meat each with :nt spcclfre- function: scrubbing wdhouf abrading *km-combating, dermatitis,, coiitor-mg it.:ral skin ml*/- fo. test. up :.to : / 3 `.icngur, h-lta&ts l fetdvi'.riy.' k*.. .roguuairtVBn*' for. powdared hend rfoap, Assat av^iy ti>4' n ovc, i'D nuior t coasjcksratioB'- in r-tiii! certiLriie', plant. - |. ridiitirii.! pi-sr.H. MorUUio In P ^ 'k r . 'y \XA\^ dr^rni; r '"p li l1<- .ttUq v 1 ** -* ,,f i. w Wot oJfr xVdq, ^ /"! c& Jioi.of. nftormoncir^ 1 'LokC9u''.::Wrd)**- fo r *1 > ... *,K->- *V? wx CtWfc b* i,t si, pz ahsr- harmful tp,,machinery,. J \V?''[!<'Y- Mb'/Aq.i'b Ta . V i 1 i co.r.pIl'T-tea Lim; ekeeping, and pro l< "'Ouartliar, be HsrnK a? IvUciur/ (liitAij genera,1l;7, ji:s:;tIijbetoty work- * '"y ' , i t ; :: ,rq f i 1-^*v>*i- tug1 conditions. ' ->. Opei atiori of kilns, tanks urn! \ ...vul y v '5^ n 1 r ^ j* n furnaces presents other hazards. Oft < - R j fc en there is the possibility of explo '?'s^ ' im .ar.,1 ,A~-yV J - ^1.-:. sions and lefrattory failure'. All 01 S, GROVE AVE. OAK PA.;. I ll-