Document 06GxdNQLbod8ywnm44qL7pGrd

COPIED 13053 - 13064 __ Vinyl-chloride-induced liver disease - From idiopaCl* hvoerteneion (Benti's syndrome) to angiosarcoma*. Tho mthie PLBr-teW' H"SABBee2rkJaPnD. .,19S7e5li,kVooffl-2I.,92F.aNlkoM.1.. Np.e1w7-E2n2g.l1anud*. J3o2urrenta. lUonf Medicine Boston. En8"ihLr presents a case tor the concept that splenomegaly with portal hy TM p8P' associated w,th hepatic fibres,* (Banti s syndrome) may be the re- pertens,on assoc Qr unknown chemica| agents. Autopsy and biopsy 0'rcPen5trom 20 workers exposed to vmyl chloride for 2 -18 years. 15 "!*r TM hUd angiosarcoma and 5 hepatic hbrosis. were studied. Spleens ,m,ned m 5 cases. The histological characteristics of angiosarcoma T h Ossified into 3 basic patterns (sinusoidal, papillary, cavernous), are Probed A peculiar pattern of progressive portal-tract, inconspicuous intra- iJr and conspicuous capsular fibrosis was seen ,n the 5 workes without Lreoma and m tumour-free pomons of the Hver ,n angiosarcoma ,, The relations between the hepatic fibrosis found and angiosarcoma Ch trussed The histological similarity to inorganic arsenic poisoning and Spathic portal tension suggests that the latter may be caused by chemical agents CIS 75-1943 The industrial toxicology of vinyl chloride - A review. HnimherQ B Molina G. Work - Environment - Health. Helsinki. Finland. 1974 Vol.11. No.3, p. 138-144.49 ref. fin English) 4 comprehensive review of the pertinent literature on vinyl chloride (VCI. Its properties are described and its uses listed as a gas and as a monomer iVCM) The instances when occupational exposure may occur are pointed out' during synthesis of VCM. polymerisation of VCM to polyvinyl chloride iPVCI compounding of PVC, and manufacture of products made from PVC. The acute effects of exposure to high concentrations of VC and its flammabili ty are indicated and the effects of long-term exposure described at length. Results of animal studies are reviewed and threshold limit values discussed in the light of all the toxicological data available. khos* CIS 75-1932 Carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride - Literature eurvey Action cancerogene du chlorure de vmyle - Revue bibliographiquei. Cavigneaux A. Morel C. Cahiers de notes documentaires - Securite et hygiene du travail Paris France 2nd quarter 1975. No.79, Note No.956-79-75, p.2Q1206.93 ref. (In French) Bnef survey of the historical background to present-day knowledge and awareness of the toxicity of vinyl chloride monomer (VCMI the carcinogenici ty of which has been demonstrated by animal experiments and observed ;ases of workers engaged in cleaning out polymerisation autoclaves, the first of which date from Jan 1974. From comparison of VCM with more highly car cinogenic substances a safe TLV would fall between 25 and lOppm. CIS 75-1929 Order of 20 November 1974 to supplement the list of processes requiring special medical supervision (Arrets du 20 noverb ore 1974 compietant la liste des travaux necessitant une surveillance medi:ale speciale). Journal officiel de la R&pubhque francaise. Pans, France. 30 Vov l974.Vol.106. No.280 p.11979. (In French) The item processes for the polymerisation of vinyl chloride1' is added to the ist of processes requiring special medical supervision in the schedule ap pended to the Order of 22 June 1970. 039671 CIS 75-1927 Determination of vinyl chloride monomer at the subppm level using a personal monitor. Myers S.A.. Quinn H.J.. Zook W.C. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Akron. USA. May 1975. Vol.36 No.5 p.332-337 lllus 13 ref. (In English) A method is described for personal-breathing-zone sampling of vinyt chlo ride iVCl m ambient air. The procedure utilises adsorption of the gas on acti vated charcoal followed by thermal elution onto a gas chromatograph. The method had a standard deviation of 0.04 at the 1-ppm level and a limit of de tection of 20 parts per billion tppbl or lower, and meets the current U.S. Feder al requirements for monitoring VC. The limit of detection might be reduced to Ippb by increasing the operating sensitivity of the instrument. ,039421 CIS 75-1922 Suggested technical concentration for vinyl chloride (Techmsche Richtkonzentration ITRK) fur Vinylchlond). Bekanntmachung. Federal Ministry o* Labour and Social Affairs (Bundesmimsterium fur Arbeit und Sozialordnungl Bonn. 19 Mar. 1975. Arbeitsschutz. Stuttgart. Germany Fed.ftep.1. Apr. 1975. No.4. p. 127. (In German! The Committee for Dangerous Substances (Ausschuss fur gefahrliche Arbeitsstoffel has determined a suggested technical concentration value of 5ppm for vinyl chloride, with effect as of 1 July 1975. Scope, exemptions, ex planatory memorandum of objectives and grounds for this measure. Factors taken into consideration in fixing the suggested value', technological achieve ments and feasibility chemical analysis facilities: medical and toxicological CIS 75-1751 The problem of the occupational environment Pittom L A. Chemistry and Industry London. United Kingdom 20 3ap 1974 Kin la p.768-770 (In English) 00 This paper, presented at a symposium on the Industrial Economy of the East Midlands, discusses the long-term risks to health from chemical substances and potential catastrophe from large-scale release of flammable or toxic sub stances. Lessons learned from the discovery of vinyl chloride monomer toxici ty are enumerated. Attention was drawn to the recommendations to avoid dis asters such as the explosion of the Nypro Ltd. chemical works in 1974, C38M CIS 75-1681 Preventive medicine end, technical protective mea sures in PVC-manufacturing plants (Werksarnliche Vorsorge und technische Schutzmassnahmen in PVC-herstellenden Betriebenl. Thiess A.M Ar- beitsmedizm - Sozialmedizm - Praventivmedtzin. Stuttgart. Germany iFed.Rep.l, Dec. 1974, Vol.9. No. 12. p.276-280. lllus. 23 ref. (In German) Organisational measures Ispecia! works committees, information of person nel. frequent medical examinations, exchange of experience at the national and international levels) and technical protection measures are presented: methods of determining vinyl chloride in air: improved ventilation and ex haust for autoclaves: methods of cleaning polymerisation autoclaves. The threshold limit value for vinyl chloride, which has been reduced m the German Fed.Rep. from its original level of 500ppm to 50ppm. is briefly discussed. 038791 CIS 75-1678 Health hazard evaluation/toxicity determination. Seattle, Washington. Polakoff P.L.. Vandervort R. PB-229 709/1WJ, Na tional Technical Information Service. Springfield, Virginia 22151. USA, Sep 1973. 23p. lllus. 2 ref. Price: Photocopy US-$4.25/Microfiche US-S1.45. Iln English) A health hazard survey evaluated thermal decomposition products of a poly vinyl chloride meat packaging film at six retail grocery companies. The medi cal evidence in this limited study showed that the air contaminants generated by the thermal cutting and sealing of the film in conjunction with the meat wrapping are potentially toxic to meat wrapping employees. Symptoms range from mild eye. nose and throat irritation to more serious disorders for meat wrappers who were predisposed to respiratory difficulties. Recommenda tions were: pre-employment medical examinations to screen out those dis posed to pulmonary disorders, maintenance of meat wrapping machinery and proper ventilation of the surroundings. .03870> CIS 75-1665 Toxic and carcinogenic effects of vinyl chloride 'Patologia tossica e neoplastica da cloruro di viniie). Mazzella Di Bosco M Rivista degh mfortunl e delle malartie professional!. Roma. Italy. May-June 1975 Vol.62. No.3, p.313-328 48 ref. (In Italian) Literature survey of the hazards of exposure to vinyl chloride in polymerisa tion plants: acute toxicity, chronic toxicity (central nervous system disorders, asthenia, anorexia), scleroderma, eczema, acroosteolysis, Raynaud's syn drome hepatotoxic effects carcinogenicity (angiosarcoma of the liver!. Ani mal experiments have confirmed these toxic and carcinogenic effects. The author supports the view of the authorities of several countries who have proposed to fix the TLV in air of this substance at Ippm. He recommends that all investigations of this question should be coordinated at a central source. i0384: CIS 75-1662 Reduction of exposure to vinyl chloride (Nedbrmgande av expositionen for vinylklorid). Medoelanden 1974:30. National Board of Oc cupational Safety and Health (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsenl. Postfack. Stockholm 34. Sweden, 14 Oct. 1974.2p. Gratis. (In Swedishl With affect from 1 Jan. 1975. the Swedish threshold limit value for vmvl chlo ride has been lowered from 20 to Ippm. and the ceiling value from 50 to 5ppm (average exposure up to 15 mm.!. Employers should as soon as possi ble take the necessary measures to reduce vinyl chloride concentrations be low the new levels. Where concentrations cannot be reduced below 200pm, respiratory protection should be provided. >03840 CIS 75-1654 Angiosarcoma of the liver in workers exposed to vin yl chloride - Report on the first two cases observed in Italy lAngiosarcoma epatico in operai esposti a cloruro di vimle. Resoconto dei primi due casi nscontrati in Italia). Maltoni C. Medicine del lavoro. Milano, Italy Nov Dec. 1974. Vol.65. No. 11-12. p.445-450. lllus. 4 ref, (In Italian) Description of 2 cases of liver angiosarcoma observed in workers in the poly vinyl chloride IPVCI industry The first case concerned a worker employed in the extrusion-blowing unit of a plant producing PVC bags: the angiosarcoma involved the pericardium, lungs and liver In the case of the second worker who was employed in the vinyl chloride polymerisation unit of the plant pnty the liver was involved. C38cs CIS 75-1653 Vinyl chloride carcinogenesis: Current results and perspectives. Maltoni C.. Lefemine G., Chieco P.. Carretti D. Medians de: la voro Milano. Italy. Nov-Dec. 1974. Vol.65. No.11-12. p.421-444 6 ref iln English) Results of research carried out in 3 species of animals Irats mice hamsters' ASI 000013054 * 1/ to determine the eereinogenicitY of vinyl chlonde. Inhalation of the gas In duced in ratt: nephroblastoma angiosarcoma and angioma of the liver. m cancer, hepatoma, brain neuroblastoma and mammary carcinoma; in mice: lung adenoma, mammary carcinoma, angiosarcoma and angioma of the liver, and skin epithelioma: in hamsters: angiosarcoma of the liver, skin tnchoepitheiioma. lymphoma, and papilloma and acanthoma of the forestomach. CIS 75-1652 Vinyl chloride pathology: Present ante of tho pro blem iPatoiogia da eioruro di vimie: Stato attuale del probiemal Foa V.. Bertazti P.A. Medians del levoro, Milano, Italy, Nov.-Dee. 1974. Vol.65. No.11- 12. p.401-420.31 ref (In Italian) Thu article briefly reviews methods used for the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCMI end its polymerisation to obtain polyvinyl chloride, and goes on to describe the operations involving exposure to VCM (cleaning, loading, unloading and degassing autoclaves, drying, sacking, etc.). Literature survey of pathological effects of VCM (toxicity, acroosteolysis. angiosarcoma of the liver, etc.l. As regards the carcinogenicity of the monomer, the existence of s dose-response relationship has been demonstrated by experimental me thods. The authors point out the necessity for epidemiological surveys in Italy, and recall the decisions taken to reduce the TLV for VCM in many coun tries. The lest chapter is devoted to non-occupationel exposure to VCM. <038031 CIS 75-1639 Cancers due to vinyl chloride *les cancers par chlorure de vmylel. Laroche D.P.R. Umversue de Pans V. Faculte de medeeme de Co chin - Port-Royal. Paris. France, 1975- 70p. 78 ref. (In French) This MD thesis reviews the chemical and physical properties of vinyl chlonde monomer (VCMI. briefly describes research up to the present on the toxic ef fects of this substance, and describes its action on bone and skin tissue and the overall symptoms of VCM poisoning. The author then proceeds to the central subject of his study, namely liver toxicity and above all carcinogenici ty. referring to Viola s and Maltoni s experimental work and 30 cases ob served in man. Clinical picture of liver angiosarcoma. Analysis of the cause/ef fect relation between VCM and cancer shows that exposure to this sub stance increases the incidence of this form of cancer 300 to 600-fold, the most exposed workers being those engaged in cleaning out polymerisation autoclaves. Practical measures are recommended for industry as regards prevention, supervision of exposed individuals and screening the most heavi ly exposed population. Total avoidance of any occupational exposure to VCM is recommended. i037?9i CIS 75-1634 Annual report 1974. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 150 Cours Albert-Thomas. 69008 Lyon. France 1974 World Health Organisation. 1211 Geneve. Switzerland. 1974. p.68-82. Ulus. Price: SF. 10.00 for the whole report, iln English, Frenchl Chapter 4 of the report is devoted to the activity of the Unit of Chemical Carci nogenesis of the IARC. The programme of this Unit is centered on 3 aspects of carcinogenesis, (al comparative study of the metabolism of carcinogens in human and animat tissues: lb) chemical carcinogenicity in vitro: ic) mutageni city tests. The Unit is also responsible for the co-ordination of carcinogenici ty data (publication of "Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man ", most of which hsve been abstracted by the CISI. evalua tion of the significance for man of experimental chemical carcinogenesis data, etc. 1037511 CIS 79-1631 A case of engiosarcoma of tho liver in a worker ex posed to vinyl chloride monomer (Un cat d'angiosarcome hepatique chez un ouvner expose su chlorure de vmyle monomirel. Ravier E. Duer J.M., Pialat J. Archives des maladies professionnelles, Pans. France. Mar. 1975, Vol.36, No-3, p. 171 -177. Ulus. 52 ref. Iln Frenchl This article enumerates the "black spots ' where the risk of exposure to vinyl chlonde monomer is especially severe m the plastics industry Ipolvmensation plants, especially m cleaning out autoclavesl and describes a case of angiosar coma of the liver m a worker occupationally exposed to the monomer for 19 years. Description of clinical symptoms and results of histological examination, *037401 CIS 75-1619 General methods for prevention of occupational cancere due to chemical substances iMethodes generates de prevention des cancers professionnels d'ongme chimiquel. Fevner C. Universite de Paris VII Facultt de medeeme Xavier-Bichat. Paris, France. 1975, 69p 36 ref Iln French! to O The author of this MD thesis comments on the difficulty of proving the occu py pational origin of cancer, and examines the various carcinogenic or potential ly ly carcinogenic chemical agents Immeral and organic), following the classificaO non adopted by R, Truhaut in his attempt to list the potentially carcinogenic q chemical agents used in industry A chapter is devoted to chemical carcmogeO nesis: carcinogenic effect of chemical substances, mode of action, promot ing agent, possible role of cell membrane, mechanism of tumour onset. The t-t author discusses technical measures of prevention (substitution of other proCO ducts prohibition, protection, maximum allowable concentrations cleanliU ness supervision and inspection, information and education) and medical nrBvontmn m general (examinations and check-ups), and legislation in va- CIS 76-1466 Contribution of infrarod thermography to diagnosis and supervision of ditordars dua to exposure during vinyl chloride polymerisation processes - Table No.&2 (acroosteolysis).of the Schedule of occupational diseases (Appon de la thermographs infra rouge au diagnostic et i la surveillance des affections consecutives aux oper ations de polymerisation du chlorure de vinyie - Tableau n"52 lacro-ost&otyse) des maladies professionnelles). R4ty J.. Lazard P.. Berrod J.. Schmitt M. Archives des maladies professionnelles. Pans, France. July-Aug. 1974, Vol.35. No.7-8. p.733-738. Ulus, fin French) The use of thermography in examining 3 persons with radiologically visible ee- roosteolysis. one person with completely recalcified bone lesion snd 2 heal thy controls brought to light certain vascular disorders among the 4 first- mentioned subjects; it was impossible to ascertain whether these vascular disorders preceded and had a causative effect on the bone damage or not. In frared thermography would appear to be of considerable use m studying the pathogenesis of this disease, and from the forensic point of view, as well as assisting diagnosis if the syndrome precedes the bone lesion. <035901 CIS 79-1404 Chemical products end carcinogenesis iChemicalien en het omstaan van kankerl. Henderson P.T.. Seutter-Bertage F. Natuur en technmk. Maastricht. Netherlands. Apr. 1975. Vol.43. No.4, p210-227. Ulus. 2 ref. fin Dutch) After an introduction on xenobiotics (substances which are foreign to the hu man body) and the uninhibited proliferation of the cancerous cell, the authors study the question of carcinogenesis due to chemical products: carcinogenic constituents of tar (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), aromatic amines lam- line dyes and dyes containing azo compounds) vinyl chlonde (angiosarcoma of the liver), nitrites and mtroso-amines. In a chapter devoted to natural sub stances which ere carcinogenic, the aflatoxins and cycasm are given as exam ples. Other subjects dealt with include the activation and inhibition of carcino genic substances (rote of enzymes), mutagenesis (insertion of carcinogenic molecules in the DNA helixl and prevention of cancer. ,035551 CIS 79-1403 Haemostatic phenomena in vinyl chloride disease `Hamostaseoiogische Aspekte be> der Vinylchlond-Krankheit). Bachner U. Etzel F,, Lange C.E., Marsteller H.J.. Veltman G. Deutsche medizmische Wochenschrift Stuttgart. Germany (Fed.Rep.l. 22 Nov. 1974, Vol.99, No.47. p.24092410.8 ref. (In German) The authors examined 70 workers employed in the polyvinyl chlonde industry and noted that in 80% of the cases observed thrombocytopenia constituted the eerliest and most frequent sign of exposure to vinyl chloride monomer The incidence of splenomegaly increased in proportion to the degree __ thrombocytopenia (minimum values 17,000/mm3). Results of laparoscopy. tological analyses and haemostatic function tests. A check-up made year after termination of exposure revealed a tendency to persistent thrombi cytopema. especially pronounced among a group showing varicosity of the oesophagus and reduced plasminogen levels. >03551 * CIS 79-1397 Outbreaks of occupational diaaaaa rock industry. Oc cupational Hazards. Cleveland. USA. May 1974, Vol.3. No.5. p.43-48. liius. iln English) An epidemic of peripheral neuritis affected 128 of 950 workers in e USA coat ed fabrics plant engaged in printing and dyeing textiles and fabrics and coat ing fabric wall coverings with plastic. The solvent 2-hexanone Imethyi butyl ketonel was suspected. In 1972 the company had substituted this solvent fof methyl isobutyl ketone. Work prectices at the plant added to workers" expo sure (eating lunch at workposts making ingestion a second avenue 0* expo sure. overtime, etc.). A NIOSH team investigated the outbreak. Thera is a pos sibility of synergism between 2-hexanone and another chemical The out break seriously deteriorated worker-management relations, with threatened closure of the plant until health conditions improved. The article also refers to 3 cases of liver angiosarcoma in a vinyl chloride polymerisation plant, discuss ing TLVs. and reviewing the respective roles of NIOSH and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration IOSHA), C3355 CIS 79-1349 NIOSH manual of analytical methods. HEW Publication No.(NlOSHI75-121, National Institute for Occupational Safety ana Health Rockville. Maryland 20852. Government Printing Office. Washington D.C 20402. USA. 1974.320p. Illus. 139 ref. (In English) Fundamental reference book describing 39 procedures for analvsis used bv the NIOSH Physical and Chemical Analysis Branch for industrial hygiene ana lyses. covering some 135 chemical substances. Methods are maexed and classified as recommended, accepted, operational, tentative or proposed Pnnciple of eech method, range and sensitivity, interferences reliaNih^^aratus and reagents, etc. Procedures described include those for leacj^^W unnel; mercury Iblood. unnel: free silica by colorimetry: antimony lunn^^^o gen dioxide lair): free silica - quartz, enstobahte. utdytnite - iatn Uic dustl: quartz (coal dost) by infrared spectroscopy: carbon monoxide '> niuo ride (unnel: cyanide (air); fluoride and hydrogen fluoride (air); acrolein iairi be ryllium (air): formaldehyde (airI: hydrogen sulfide lain: organic solvents '<r ersemc (unne. air); toiylene dusocyanate lair): diphenyimethanednsocvanatt (air): sulfur dioxide lairl; cadmium (air): total particulate chromium iam ozon(air): lead lair): parathion (air); oil mist lair); aromatic amines iai>' chromic ao*"** i*.ri- nnnii procedure for metals: mercurv (air): and vmvi chlonde <air - nntion of a 2-Stage thermal desorption unit for mercury determination A desenpi 03362' n appended. IC7S-1145 Some anti-thyroid and related aubatance*. mtrofuand induatrial ehemieala. IARC monographs on the evaluation of ;,Tnnn.n,c risk of Chemicals to man Vol 7 International Agency tor ReLirch on Cancer IK) Cours Albert-Thomas 69008 Lyon, France. 1974. 326p. 809 ref. Price: SF.32 00 Hn Enghshl a ones of 23 monographs ronsistmg of data reviewed and evaluated by an International group of experts iLvon. 4-11 Feb and 18-24 June 19741. Indi- vtdual monographs are devoted to Anti-thvro<d and related substances: ami- trole ethylenethiourea: methvlthiouracil: propylthiouracil: thioacetamide: thiouracil: thiourea: urethane Nitrofurans 2-amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyll- 1 3 4-thiadiatole: //3/M-2l<dimethvlaminoimethvliminol-5-[2-i5-nitro-2- furyll-vinvl)-l.3.4-o*adiatole 2-l2-formylhvdraiinol-4-i5-nitro-2-fur- vllthiazole- 5-lmorpholinomethvl)-3-[l5-nitrofurturylideneiaminoi-2-oxazo- lidinone: 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone 1U5-nitrofurfuryli- denelamino)-2-tmidazolidinone: N-[4-(5-nnro-2-furyl)-2-ihiazol- vtJacetamide. Industrial chemicals' acetamide' benzene, diazomethane: or* iho- and para-dichlorobenzene: ethyl methanesulfonate: methyl methanesul- fonate1 polychlorinated biphenyls; and vinyl chloride. -(33353' CIS 75-1296 The mechanism* of Raynaud's phenomenon. McGrath MA.. Penny R. Medical Journal of Australia. Sydney. Australia 31 Aug. 1974. Vol.6H2). No.9. p.328-333. and 7 Sep. 1974, No.10. p.367-375. Ulus. 106 ref. Hn English) Raynaud's phenomenon is the direct result of altered haemodynamics in the vessels of the hand and a complication of many diseases. After some histori cal remarks and definitions of Raynaud's phenomenon and Raynaud's dis ease. this review summarises current concepts of the various haemodynamic factors involved in the normal control of the circulation through the hand and fingers The physiology of the peripheral circulation and the flow characteris tics of blood are discussed in detail. The pathogenesis of Raynaud's pheno menon is considered in relation to connective tissue diseases, neurovascular compression, arterial disease, blood abnormalities, occupational factors such as vibration, hand trauma vinyl chloride polymerisation, drugs and toxins and other pathological conditions. A systematic approach to the investigation of these disorders is outlined in an appendix. -033%< CIS 75-1190 Retrospective investigation of mortality and morbidi ty following axposure to vinyl chloride in the Federal Republic of Germany 'Retrospektive Erneoungen jur Mortalnat uno Morbiaitat nach VC-*position in der SundesreouDiik DeutSCnland' ThieSS AM. FrentzelBevme fl ArDeitsmeamn - Sozialmeoizm - prayentivmedizm Stuttgart, Ger many 'Fed Rep.i Apr 1975 Vol. 10 No 4 p 73-75 5 ref (In German' Statistical data on polwinvl chloride and on the number of workers exposed to hazard m this industry in the Fed Rep of Germany incidence ol 'vinyl chlo ride disease '180 notified cases 57 recognised as statutory occupational disease1 Morbidity from cancer `5 cases of haemangio-endothelial sarcomai Principles of epidemiological surveys in me chemical industry, ;; -;z CIS 75-1090 Polyvinyl chlorida. Barr R.J., Bonin M Journal of the Ame rican Medical Association. Chicago USA 3 Mar. 1975. Vol 231 No.9 p.314 7 ref Hn English) in this letter to the editor the authors report a finding at autopsy in a case of proved pnmarv haemang'osarcoma of the liver, a stain for sulfated aod muco- poivsaccharides 'Alcian blue pH 2 5' gave a strongly positive result m sec tions from the liver The authors suggest that the level of acid mucopolysac charides m the serum and urine of persons exposed to PVC might be useful as a gross screening test for primary haemangiosarcoma. since no other spe cific biochemical indicator has yet been found C3Cse CIS 75-1065 Potential hazards of vinyl chloride end the situation in the Netherlands 'Vmvichloride: potenneie gevaren en Nedenandse situatie' Balemans A.W M Qe vethgheid. Amsterdam Netherlands Oct 1974 No.10 p.417-419,'In Dutch' information on the production and uses of vinyl chloride is followed bv an ac count of recent research into the ca-cmogemc orooerties of this compound Exposure is likely in vinyl chloride and ooiwmvl chloride production plants, m the production of certain easterners containing vinyl chloride as a copolymer, and in polyvinyl chloride converting shops The author estimates the working population exposed in the Netherlands and gives an account of the measures taken by the Dutch labour inspection authorities since alarming data on the carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride was received in Jan. 1974 Comparison of theshoid limit values in tne USA and 7 European countries (Belgium France Germany (Fed.Rep i, Italy Sweoen, Switzerland ana united Kingdom). 03339- CIS 75-1064 Notification No.26/1974 concerning the threshold lim it value for vinyl chloride 'Meddelelse nr.26i 1974 om hvgieimsk grsnsevaerdi for vinylchlorid' M 26.1974 Directorate of Labour Inspection (Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsvneti Upsalagade 20 2100 Kobenhavn 0 Denmark 26 Nov. 1974, Ip Gratis Hn Danish! The threshold limit value for vinyl chloride has been reduced 'mm lOOoom to 20ppm with effect from 1 Jan. 1975 and to Ippm with effect from f Apr 1975. * CIS 75-1041 Transitory myocardial damage by halogenated hydro carbons iPassagere Myokardschadigung durch Halogen-Kohien-wasser stoffe) Ravens K G. Steer H Wronski R . Pape C. Deutsche medwnische Wochenschrift. Stuttgart Germany (Fed RepJ. 21 June 1974 Vol.99 Nc,25 p.1364-1367 lllus. 18 ref. Iln Germani A 28-vear-old man developed electrocardiographic evidence of acute poste rior-wall myocardial infarction after cleaning work with a chlorinated hydro carbon solvent (essentially a mixture of tetrachloroethvlene and cnioroethylenei in a confined space. A transitory rise in serum enzyme activities succor ed the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Case report and discussion of find ings. The presence of severe extrasystole volleys and the rapid regression of the electrocardiographic changes without full development of the infarct stage or any sign of permanent myocardial scarring suggest that the changes were due to a transitory disturbance of cell-memDrane functions Z2'32 CIS 75-1029 Principles applicable to preventive medical examina tion* - Hazard* of vinyl chloride (Berufsgenossenschattiiche Grundsatze fur arbeitsmedizmische Vorsorgeuntersuchungen - Gefahrdung jurcn Vinvlchloridl. Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associa tions iHauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschafterv 53 3onr July 1974 Arbeitsmedizm - Sonalmedizm - Praventivmedmn Stuttgart Ger many IFed.Rep.) Oct 1974. Vol,9 No.10, p.226-229 6 ref tin German Principles for prevention or early detection of diseases that mav be caused bv vinyl chloride They relate to all aspects of pre-employment and per>odicai ex aminations as well as to the following points: physical and chemical characte ristics and threshold limn value, sources of hazard, absorption, clinicai picture of acute and chronic poisoning interpretation of the blooo platelet count ob tained Instructions for platelet counting intended for laboratory personnel are appended. CIS 75-771 Vinyl chlorida - Haaring bafora the Subcommittee on Environment of the Committee on Commerce. United States Senate 93rd Congress. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment 2nd session on dangers of vinyl chloride. 21 Aug. 1974, Washington D C Se rial No.93-110. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington. DC. USA 1974. 156p. 96 ref, tin English) Detailed record of testimonies received by this Subcommittee with a wealth of factual and statistical evidence of health damage to workers: acroosteoiy sis. Raynaud s syndrome, angiosarcoma and other liver damage gastrointesti nal and lung disease, etc. Attention is drawn by witnesses to increasing evi dence of mutagenic and teratogenic effects, and hence of the need for botn male and female workers not to be exposed to vinyl chloride monomer iVCM: during the fertile age. Authoritative statements were made by witnesses re presenting the scientific and medical professions, the National Institute tor Occupational Safety and Health INIOSHI. the National Cancer institute the Food and Drug Administration the plastics industry and trade unions etc Ur gent need for cohort studies among retired workers with prolonged occupa tional exposure was stressed as well as for research on other monomers ana polymers produced or used in industry, and on the interactive effects of VCM with other carcinogens. Future and present action by ACGIH NIOSH WHO and other bodies is mentioned. csccc CIS 75-770 Profiles of benzo(a)pyrene and coal tar pitch volatiles at and in tha immediate vicinity of a coke oven battery. Jackson j 0 Warner P 0.. Mooney T.F. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal Akron USA. May 1974, Vol.35. No.5. p.276-281. lllus. 18 ref. (In Engushi Concentrations of these substances were determined at 3 on-battery ana 3 off-battery sites of a 70-oven coke manufacturing plant. 72% of the on-bat tery samples and 30% of all samples exceeded the Q^mg/m3 TLV for ben zene-soluble coal tar pitch volatiles while benzolalpyrene concentrations were much higher than average ambient eir levels. The influence of aoiacent batteries and wind conditions is briefly discussed. c:?s CIS 75-764 Health hazards of vinyl chloride (Gesundheitsgefahrdung durch Vinylchlond). Wemmann W. Sicher ist sicher. Berlin (Westsektorerv Sep. 1974. Vol.25 No.9 p.373-376. Hn German) The following aspects are briefly dealt with: uses of vtnvl chloride 'including its use as an aerosol propellantl; occupational diseases underlying causes o' these diseases' statutory recognition of a disease as being occupation-in duced; TLV or indicative concentration value: research protects in the Feoer si Republic of Germany (literature surveys, scanning and evaluation analysis of autoclave atmospheres, animal experiments. X-ray and immunological ex animations, in-depth study of fatal cases in the mdustryl. The article re'ers to Recommendation No 147 of the International Labour Organisation concern ing prevention and control of occupational hazards caused bv carcinogenic substances and agents. ccss; CIS 75-742 Vinyl chloride - An occupational health problem 7 nylchlonde - Een bedri|fsgeneeskundig probleem). Kolk J.J Tijascnrir; v jor sociale geneeskunde. Bussum Netherlands 5 Mar. 1975, Voi.53 N- 5 o 142 -149 39 ret (In Dutch' ASI 000013056 h* ASI 000013057 General review of th. problem end literature survey concerning the hazards of exposure to vinyl chloride: Vinyl chloride disease symptoms (thrombocy topenia splenomegaly, pulmonary function disorders, increased serum trwv seminase activity, cutaneous histological changes, etc.l: angiosarcomas and their diagnosis; results of epidemiological investigations and ianimal expen* ments; aetiology and pathogenesis: TlVs (trends m the USA. >* Nether lands. and Swedenl: protection of users. CIS 75-499 An evaluation of organic vapor respirator cartridges end canisters against vinyl chlorida Sm,,h D.L.. G.esler W.S. HEW Pubhcatipn No(NIOSHl75-111, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Office of Technical Publications. Post Office Building. Cincinnati. Ohio 45202. USA. Oct. 1974.23p. Ulus. 5 ref. Gratis. lln English) Report on the procedure setup and results of laboratory tests on the life ser vice of 4 types of approved organic vapour respirator cartridges and of 4 types of approved front- or back-mounted organic vapour gas-mask canis ters relative to several concentrations of vinyl chloride Various mixtures of vinyl chloride gas and air were passed through the cartridges and canisters. The downstream concentration was monitored until breakthrough occurred. The effect of concentration on breakthrough time conformed to absorption theory. Service life increased at low humidities and decreased at high humidi ties. Organic vapour respirator cartridges have a service life of 20min at vinyl chloride concentration below 50ppm. The service life of the canisters is 100mm at concentrations below lOOppm. Facepiece leakage is expected to be 10% for a half-mask respirator and 1% for a full-facepiece respirator. 1025421 CIS 75-493 Scl#rod#rm*l aspect* of occupational acroosteolysis (polymerisation of vinyl chlorido) (Aspects sclerodermiques de l acroosteolyse professionnelle (polymerisation du chlorure de vinylell. Moulin G.. Rety J.. Paliard P.. Vouillon G.. Guttm G. Annates de dermatologic et de svphiligrtphie Paris. France, 1974, Vol.101. No.1. p.33-44. Illus. 19 ref. (In French) The authors report on 4 very stereotyped cases of occupational acroosteoly sis in workers employed over periods of 1 -6 years, in descaling vinyl chloride polymerisation autoclaves, and consider the various aspects of this disease: functional symptoms, clinical examinations and other tests, course of the dis ease. diagnosis and physiopathology. They emphasise the resemblance bet ween this type of occupational acroosteolysis and scleroderma of the so- called acrosclerosis variety. W2692' CIS 75-473 Vinyl chlorida - Coda of practice for health precau tion*. Health and Safety Executive. Baynards House. 1 Chepstow Place. London W2 4TY. United Kingdom. Feb. 1975.41p lln English) This document was prepared by a working party with representatives of la bour and management, the Factory Inspectorate and the Employment Medi cal Advisory Service. It sets Out an interim hygiene standard for vinyl chloride: e ceiling value of 50ppm and a time-weighted average of 25ppm, allowing that wherever practicable exposure should be brought as near as possible to zero concentrations. The Code deals with: hazards (liver damage, acroosteoly- sis. Raynaud s phenomenon, scleroderma), control of vinyl chloride levels in the atmosphere entry into confined spaces, housekeeping, preventive main tenance of plant and equipment, monitoring, respiratory protective equip ment medical examinations, clothing accommodation, washing and bathing facilities registers and records, pint consultation, education and training, em ergency plan. In addition to stating the standard itself, appendices list the physical properties of vinyl chionde and give details of the requirements relat ing to the aspects listed above and some relevant legal requirements. It is stressed that this first edition cf the Code is temporary, and suggestions for improving it are invited. <02671) CIS 75-457 Vinyl chloride; doubtful safety (Vinylehloride; onzekere veiligheid). Zielhuis R.L. Nededands ti/dschrift voor geneeskunde. Amsterdam. Netherlands. 16 Jan. 1975. Vol.119 No.2. p.63-66.15 ref. lln Dutch! Literature review of recent cases (including fatalities) of liver angiosarcoma due to vmyt chionae and other carcinogenic and toxic effects of this sub stance reported from polymerisation plants in the USA. United Kingdom. Sweden and Germany iFed.Rep.l. The author extends this review to surveys made to assess the working population exposed to vinyl chloride and to stu dy their morbidity He also draws attention to the potential hazards of a simi lar compound, i.e. vinylidene chloride .OJ6361 CIS 75-457 More facts on vinyl chloride and cancer. British Medi cal Journal. London. United Kingdom. 30 Nov. 1974 No.5943, p,486-487. 13 ref iln English) A brief review of the relationship between vinyl chloride and angiosarcoma of the liver pointing to instances Of the tumour in the USA and other countries, mostly in workers concerned with the polymerisation process Polwinyl chlo ride as manufactured may contain 2Q0-400ppm vinyl chloride and may there fore present a hazard to secondary users in the PVC processing industries Considerations on the possibility that vinyl chloride may cause other tumours in addition to angiosarcoma Of the liver. -02596, CIS 75-437 Angiosarcoma of tho liver in vinyl chloride/polyvinyl chloride workers. Journal of Occupational Medicine. Downers Grove USA Doc '9^4 Vnl 16 Nr 12 0 909 hr Errjinh' The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health iNIOSH)hhas re quested members of the medical community in the USA and other countries to report information on suspected cases of Inter angiosarcoma in workers ex posed to vinyl chionde. A brief review is given of the 26 cases reported to date m 6 countries (Czechoslovakia. Germany IFed.Rep.l. Norway. Sweden. United Kingdom and USA). C2540i CIS 75-431 Carcinogenicity bioeesayt of vinyl chloride - I. Re search plan and early results. Maltom C., Lefemme G. Environmental Re search. New York. USA. 1974, Vol.7. No.3, p.387-405. Illus. 25 ref lln Eng lish) An investigation into the carcinogenic potentialities of vinyl chionde m experi mental animals. The effects of this compound are being studied in relation to various experimental factors (route of administration, dose level, length of treatment, species, strain, age of the animals, etc.l. Preliminary results are pre sented. A direct relationship has been found between dose and length of treatment, and neoplastic response. 1025231 CIS 75-424 The plant physician's view of to-cafied "vinyl chlo ride disease" (Arbeitsmedizinische Gedsnken zur sogenannten "Vinylchlonderkrankung I. Thiess AM., Versen P. Arbeitsmedizm - Sozialmedizm - Praventivmadizm. Stuttgart, Germany IFed.Rep.l. July 1974, Vol.9. No.7, p.146148. (In German) Approximative data on the number of persons occupationally exposed in the Western countries. Epidemiological study of the situation in Germany IFed.Rep.l. Principal forms of health impairment observed m 23 cases of vinyl Chloride disease, recognised as being of occupational origin: Raynaud's phe nomenon. liver damage with fibrosis and thrombocytopenia. Causes of death among PVC-exposed workers include hepatic haemangio-endotheliosarcoma and other types of malignancy. Study of the possible causes of vinyl chlo ride disease. Preventive measures Dowering of TLV in air to 50ppmi. '02463i CIS 75-423 Angiosarcoma of tho livar in a vinyl-chloride worker Lee F.I.. Harry D.$. The Lencet London. United Kingdom, June 1974 Vol.l No.7870, p. 1316-1318. Illus. 16 ref. (In English! An account of angiosarcoma of the liver, an extremely rare tumour, in a man of 71 years who had been a process worker for 20 vears in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride from vinyl chloride monomer. The evidence is strong that angiosa^oma of the liver is an occupational tumour and that vinyl chloride is the ca ten. The possibility of contributory factors is discussed together with the ~er hazards of exposure to vinyl chloride. 024an M CIS 75-422 Livar tumour in vinyl chlorida workers - Drastic reduc tion of threshold limit value in 1974 (Levercancer hos vtnylkiondarbetare - Kraftig sankning av grinsvardet 1 Ir). Viklund B.. Lindberg B. Arbetsmil/6. Stockholm. Sweden. 1974, No.8. p.24-25. Illus. lln Swedish) An account of the latest findings concerning the carcinogenic action of vinyl chloride and the standard for occupational exposure to vinyl chloride recom mended by the U.S. National institute for Occupational Safety and Health INI- OSH) is followed by considerations on exposure other than in the plastics in dustry (insecticide sprays, cosmetics). While the American TLV was lowered from 200 to 50ppm on 5 Apr. 1974. the Swedish TLV was lowered from 500 to 20ppm tallowing for a 15mm ceiling value of 50ppm) a few weeks later. The question is raised as to whether polyvinyl chloride sets free dangerous amounts of vinyl chloride during conversion or'use. 1024771 CIS 75-179 Directives concerning health protection measures in work with vinyl chloride (Richtlinien uber Schutzmassnahmen zur Verhutung von Gesundheitsschjiden beim Umgang mit Vinylchlorid). Richtlinien Nr.2. Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Association for the Chemical In dustry (Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie! Heidelberg. Apr. 1974. Verlag Chemie GmbH. 694 Wemheim/Bergstr., Germany iFedRep' 1974.8p. tin Germanl These directives apply to vinyl chloride production and polymerisation plants, and those using this substance. The pertinent clauses of the Association s safety regulations concerning work premises and workposts are reproducer], followed by general provisions and safety rules concerning TLVs ventilation protection of the respiratory tract and in particular the cleaning of autoclaves. Advice on first aid procedures. 2366' CIS 75-162 Toxic substances lift - 1974 edition. Christensen H E Luginbyhl T.T., Carrol B.S. HEW Publication No.lNlOSH)74-134. National lnsti-_ tute for Occupational Safety and Health. Rockville. Maryland 20852 USJ June 1974. 904p. Price: US-SIO.OO. (In English) 42 000 listings of chemical substances 113.000 different chemicals 29 O' synonyms and cross-references) with detailed toxicity data - toxic dc route, species exposed type of exposure reported le.g. lethal), dose causing the toxic response (usually mg/kg 0' ppm), body system affected - with refer ence to bibliographical sources from which the toxicity data were extracted 5000 new substances have been included since the 1973 list. Occupational safety and health standards m force in the USA lair contaminants asbestos carcinogens vinyl chionde pesticides requests for health hazard evaluation, aro apn^nited Tho now ortitmn also meorDorates the Wiswesser Line Nota- ,\ '/ n WLN) 0f chemical names with a full explanation of the system. CIS 75-145 Report of a working group or vinyl chloride. IARC Inter nal Technical Report No.74/005 International Agency for Research on Can cer 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France. 1974. 55p. 66 ref. (In English) A report of the discussions, conclusions and recommendations of an IARC working group (Lyon. France, 24-25 June 1974) convened to attempt a co ordination on an international scale of studies on the effects on man of vinyl chloride An IARC monograph on vinyl chloride, m which all available relevant published information on vinyl chloride and its polymers and copolymers is re viewed had been approved by a previous meeting of the working group (Lyon, 18-24 June 19741 and is appended to this report. K32272I CIS 74-1929 Mortality study of workers in the manufacture of vin yl chloride end its polymers. Tabersnaw I.R. Gaffey W R. Journal of Oc cupational Medicine. Downers Grove USA Aug 1974 Vol16 No.8 p.509- 518 11 ref 'InEngltshi An eoidemiological study of 8 384 men who had at least one years occupa tional exposure to vmvl chloride before 31 Dec 1972 suggests that in hu- n-.ans vmvl chloride as well as being incriminated in the causation ot haeman- giosarcoma may also be associated with cancer ot multiple sites The other major findmos of the studv are:'1* the overall mortality of the population stu died was approximately 75J . of what would be expected in a comparable population of L) S males1 *2* no cause of death showed a statistically signifi cant excess over what would be expected in a comparable U S, male popula tion and '31 no deaths horn angiosarcoma of the liver were found other than those previously identified - 26- CIS 74-1928 Mutagenic and antifertility sensitivities of mice to di-2-ethylhexyi phthalate (DEHPI and dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP). Smgh A R Lawrence W H Autian J Tovcoiogv and Appliea Phar.'.:ap3iog\ New Vork USA Julv 197-1 Vol 29 No 1 p.35-46 28 ref fin Eng lish' Numerous plastic materials used for medical and paramedical applications as well as for food processing and packaging are made of polwinvl chloride. To provide the desirable physical characteristics significant quantities df plasticisers are added One commonly used group of plasticisers is the omtialic acid esters probably the most widely used It *s known that small quantities of plasticisers can be leached from such materials bv blood milk and other solu tions This communication presents Ihe results of dominant lettv mutation md ant,fertility studies on bis'l-ethvlhexv!1 phthalate and dimethqxvethvl ohthaiate m mice These 2 phthalate esters produced some degree ot dosedependent and time-depenoent antifertilitv and mutagenic effects C--36 ' CIS 74-1908 Angiosarcoma of the liver following vinyl chloride ex posure. Stock J B Journal of me American Medical Association Chicago _$A Juw "974 Vol 229 No 1 p53-54 8 ref 'In English' 6 cases of angiosarcoma of the nver are reported among workers exposed to vmvi chioriae From the standpoint ot preventive medicine 2 hypotheses should be explored, 11 the development or the disease is the result of low- 'eve- -xpcsure tc vinyl chloride over a long penod '2' the tumour is the result v* i r-igh-teve1 exposure many veais previously The tael that all 'hese em piovees had at least '2 years potential exposure wold appear to favour the first hypothesis in eacn case heweve- there was also the possibility of a n.gn-ievel exposure dur-ng the earlv work history : CIS 74-1816 Early detection of polyvinylchloride fires 'Fruhmeldung be PVC-Branoen' Sicherneitsmgenieur Heidelberg Germany (Fed Rep' Dec 1973 Yoi4 No 12 p 594-597 lltus 'In German' Descbes a system consist-ng pf a network o' 20mm-diameter tubing con nected to an exnaust `an which maxes : possible to take air samples at differ- em pom's m a plant The exhaust air is analysed with the aid of an ionisation ipcaraius The HCI arismg from the oreakaown of PVC is detected bv using NH The construct on and operation pf the anaivser and the measuring and aiarm devices are oescr.oed c-a-j CIS 74-1746 Evaluation of working condition* and haalth atatua of worker* engaged in th* production of polyvinyl chlorid* by block polymariaation iGigienideskaia ocenka uslovij truda < sostoiamia rdorov |a rabotih v proirvodstve biotnogo poiivimlhlonda). Filatova V.S.. Gronsberg E. Radzjukevid T.M.. Reznik N.D.. TomiCev A.I. Gigiena truda i professionalnye zaboievamia. Moskva. USSR Jan. 1974 No 1. p.3-6 7 ref. `In Russianl On the whole eulomated production of polyvinyl chloride by block polymerisa tion is considered in a favourable light. However, excessive vinyl chloride and polwinyl chloride atmospheric concentrations in polymerisation and bagging shops and excessive noise levels in compressor end vacuum pump rooms were noted The workers most exposed ere particularly affected by vascular t i?l2*rs ^*sures proposed include airtight enclosure of remote-con trolled valves mechsmsed cleaning inside reactor chambers, installation of soundproof observation cabins in the pump end compressor rooms, etc. CIS 74-1676 Proportional mortality among vinyl-chloride work er*. Monson R.R . Peters J.M.. Johnston M.N. The Lancet. 17 Aug. 1974 Vol.ll 119741. No.7877, p.397-398.4 ref (In English) Results of a proportional-mortality analysis of 161 deceased workers in 2 U S. plants, one producing vinyl chloride monomer (26 workers! and the other polymerising the monomer into polyvinyl chloride 11351. A 50/o excess of deaths due to all types of cancer was found. Specific sites of cancer with the greatest excess included the liver and biliary tract, the lung and the brain. The excess in fatal cancer cases was seen mainly in men who died before age 60. *016971 CIS 74-1630 Recommended standard for occupational exposure to vinyl chloride. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Rockville Maryland. Office of Technical Publications National Institute for Oc cupational Safety and Health Post Office Building, Cincinnati. Ohio 45202. USA. 1974. Bp tin English! Background (events and toxicological findings) of the standard: scope and ap plication: definitions of terms: requirements for regulated areas: routine oper ations: reactor and vessel entry, maintenance and decontamination: hygiene measures, signs- information and training: environmental monitoring and re cord keeping: reports: medical surveillance Despite the fact that animal expe riments have shown no liver tumours at atmospheric concentrations of 50ppm. the concept of an allowable working level is rejected, since there is probably no threshold for carcinogenesis. Any person exposed to measura ble concentrations of vinyl chloride should wear an air-supplied respirator since chemical cartridge respirators do not afford adequate protection against vinyl chloride vapours. *015431 CIS 74-1622 Vinyl chloride monomer - Advisory notes for PVC processors. British Chemical Industry Saletv Council of the Chemical Indus tries Association, Alembic House 93 Albert Embankment. London SE1 7TU United Kingdom, May 1974 4p (In English) Data collected in a number of PVC processing plants to identify operations (warehousing PVC compounding operations. PVC fabrication process* during which residual vinyl chloride monomer la suspected carcinogen) is released into the work atmosphere are summarised. Advice is given concerning the op timal siting of ventilation. *0)522* CIS 74-1073 A case of occupational acroosteolyaia, presumably due to vinyl chloride. Takeuchi Y.. Mabuchi C. Japanese Journal ot indus trial Health. Tokyo, Japan. July 1973. Vol. 15. No.4. p,385-394. Illus 20 ref. (In Japanese - Summary in English) A brief review of the literature is followed by the detailed description of the case of an autoclave cleaner who had worked for 4 years in a plant manufactu ring polyvinyl chloride. He suffered from diarrhoea, Raynaud's phenomenon, scleroderma, indurations of both hands and spontaneous pain in the fingers of the right hand. An X-ray examination revealed acroosteolysis of these fin gers Although he gave up his cleaning 10b 9 years ago. shortening of the fin gers of the right hand, paraesthesia of the right half of the body, abnormal EEG, hypertension, hyperbilirubinemia and Slight angiosclerotic changes in the optic fundi still exist These disorders are presumed to be due to vinyl chloride poisoning The prevailing TLV of 500 ppm for vinyl chloride in Japan 1$ considered too high. 101 ts2) CIS 74-1039 The so-called vinyl chloride disaaae - an occupation al systemic sclerosis? (Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit - eme berufsbedmgte SystemskleroseJl Lange C.E., Juhe S.. Stein G.. Veltman G. Inter nationales Archtv fur Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health. Berlin (Westsektorenl. 3 Dec. 1973, Vol.32. No.1-2. p.1-32. Illus. 36 ref. (In German) Results of examinations of 13 workers employed for periods varying between 2 and 18 years as autoclave operators in polyvinyl chloride production inclu ding examinations of the skin, vascular system, bone Structure, hematopoiet ic system, liver, spleen and lungs The authors found a variety of symptoms greatly exceeding the known syndrome of ecroosteolysis (particularly fibrosis of the liver and the lungsl; they presume that long-term vinyl chloride expo sure is responsible for the complex pathological picture. They propose vinyl chloride disease'' as designation for this systemic disease. *01006' CIS 74-1035 A bibliography on vinyl chlorida. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Post Office and Court House Bldg.. Cincinna ti. Ohio 43201. USA. 28 Feb. 1974.12p. (In English) Bibliography containing 147 references to works published between 194'. and 1973 (but especially during the last decade) on the following sublets toxicology, technology, dermatology, occupational health Raynaud s syn drome. acroosteolysis. clinical examinations, experimental research and ob servations on carcinogenesis. 10097S1 CIS 74-765 Chronic toxic liver damage among workers employed in polyvinyl chloride production (Chromsch-toxische Leberschaden be* Arbeitern in der PVC-Produktion). Marsteller H.J., Lelbach W K.. Muller R Juhe S,, Lange C.E.. Rohner H.G.. Veltman G. Deutsche medizimsche Wochenschnft Stuttgart, Germany IFed.Rep.). 30 Nov. 1973. Vol.98. No 48 m 1 1 6 *>> -f* Mm f^AreesH * C~ *----- - -- -,l-,klx.. As i 00001305*8 Th* introduction referring to reports from various sources points out that cases of liver damage among workers engaged m PVC production have been neglected on account of the emphasis placed on acroosteolysis symptoms. Results of laparoscopic examinations and liver b'opsy of 20 autoclave operat ors showing symptoms of fiver damage are given and compared with the fin dings of clinical examinations and chemical analysis. Chronic thrombocytope nia and toxic liver damage with splenomegaly occurred considerably more fre quently than acroosteolysis. Otj'n OS 74*744 Angioaarcoma of liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride. Creecn J.L. johnsnn M N journal of Occupational Medicine Downers Grove. USA, Mar 1974 Vol.16 No.3.p 150*151. 1 ref tin English* In this special communication 2 industrial physicians 'efer to 3 fatal cases of liver angiosarcoma among wotxers of a piant manufacturing polyvmvl chlo ride One case concerning a chemical worker emploved from 1955 to 1970 is reported more fullv loccupational historv pathological findings clinical course). The communication is followed by an eaitor s note referring to the ex perimental work carried Out by Dr. Maltoni at the ishtulo O' Oncoiogia Ot":ne University of Bologna iltalyi Or Maitoni >s said to have aemonstrateo angio sarcoma of the liver and other tumours in mammals at concentrations of vmvl chloride 'the monomer of polyvinyl chlondei which are found in workroom at mospheres. OCltTi CIS 74 - 0012 The hazards of PVC. IAE/ News, Chicago. USA. Sep.-Oct, 1973, Vol. 45, No. 5, p. 4-5. 2 ref. <ln English) Warnings should be issued, indicating the generation of HCl when polyvinyl chloride insulation in electrical installations is heated externally or internally by electric overload, HCl vapours may be present in the atmosphere at hazardous levels prior to the generation of black smoke, so that fire-fightmg personnel may not be readily cognizant of the danger. Accidents are cited, the principles of ddeesccormibpedo.sition are explained, and the symptoms of poisoning ate See following pages for abstracts dated prior to 1974 ASI 000013059 )> cifi 73-633 oeupvtionfli uooftoly*i*. Mvkowiti 84.t*tii, ''ArcftivH of Dermetologv". Ch(uv, llllnoft, USA, Aug. 1073, VOt.106, NoJ, p.210-223. Mui. 10 ref. Occupational acrooeteolysi# eppear* to be twitted to the polymerteafion of polyvinyl chloride tom vinyl chloride. Deoiled report* of 2 cuea among reactor ci.xnxr* t presetted, followed by * review of current knowledge regarding the incidence <3% or lee*), aetiology, clinical picture and prognosis of this disease which can be deecrlbed * * Raynaud'a-Uke eytidrom* involving the hands, aclerodermoKMike chufte of the fklD 0( (he hand* aid forearm*, and osteolytic and aclerotic lemons of fee bones, par ticularly the extremihe* and aacnMllac )<dtte. ie Tejrj EfievdoDMdit of occupations) health od ggffty# iMimitionii Labou7o!ce. 1211 Ginave 22. 9"*t*erl*nd,,1072. 2 volt. 1534p. IHua. 3500 ref. Price: US***; IS- A comprehensive and practical review in encyclopaedic form of the vast range of accident and disease hazards that may confront man to his work, and advice on specific aafety and health measure*. Nearly 000 articles by around 600 authors from over 60 countries, ranging in length from 250 to 4000 words are devoted to: individual tixki*triee, workplaces or professions (abattoirs* biscuit malting, iron and steel Industry, teaching, etc.); harmful agents (individual chemicals or groups of chemicals, com pressed sir, dust, noise, radiations, etc.); specific diseases (bladder cancer, coalworker*' pneumoconiosis, mycoses, zoonoses, etc.) or body organs or systems (di gestive system, eyes, mouth and teeth, respiratory system ); aafety and health te<fe toque* or equipment (detection and analysis of atmospheric contaminants, dust control, fire prevention and protection, ventilation, etc.); the application of various sciences to worker protection (epidemiology, human engineering, statistics, etc.), and a wide range of social problems (the aged in employment, alcoholism, the employment of young persons, workmen's compensation, etc.). There it a comprehensive index. CIS 7340 Arteripl hypertension and Rtyntud'i phenomenon ki polyvinyl* Chfondi production worktrt (Hypertension erctfielle et syndrome Reynpjd ebat let ovvrtar* oceupdi g la fabrication du poiyehlorure tie yfnyto). Swchi, I., et el. I. Internationale* Symposium der Werfciirzt* tier ehemlacben Induetrle. Medlenem, BASF Arztilche AbteMung, 57 Ludwimhefen, Germany (Fed.Map.). 1072, P420-628. lOrwf. Paper read at the 1st Internetional Symposium of Plant Physicians of dm Chemical Industry (Ludwiphxfcn, 27-20 April 1072 ). Report on a 6-ftar (1061-1069) stody of 112 young polyvinylchloride workers. During this period systolic and dtovtoUc pres sures and the incidence of arterial hypertension increased, and this is attributed to the prolonged action of nnylchforide monomer on vasomotor centres and a gentrail serf vasoconstriction. [ For the complete proceedings of this symposium, gee CIS 32-1073, Xkz : ms t ew (010.1)0 CIS73-32 Firvt Intymational Sympojium of PlantPhytidintof th, ClwmicM Industry (LucKviphtfvn, 27-29Apr. 1972) 0. int>mMien*i Symposium tier Wofkiarzte dor chemisehen Industrie (Ludwlmhefen, 27-30 Apr. 1972)). Modlchem, BASF, Arttllche Abtoiluog, 07 Lwdwtgehefon, Germany (Fed.Aep.), 1072. 532p. Ulus. Ref, The 6 papers presented at this symposium cover diagnom* ai^ periodtc-osamlna tion problems, results of large-scale studies on heart and kidMy disease and vision and bearing, occupational cancer and asbestos: akin diseases, vinylohloride disease, etc. A large number of papers art devoted to poisoning and industrial toideology (phenol, cbloracne, manganese, organophosphntes, paraquat, dusocyanates, etoylattimlna, acetylene mono- and dlchloride, dlmethylformamide, diphenyl, nitrile, etc.), A number of thane papers are abstracted on separata CIS cards. CIS 72-2533 Th, eorrol^ion of clinic,) and environmental meMurement* for workeri expOMd to Vinyl chloric!*. Krn*r. C.Q., *nd Mutenwr. J.E. "American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumar', Westmont, New Jersey, USA, Jen. 1072, Vol.33, No.1,0.19-3Q. Illus. 20 fef*. A grtxip of 96 healthy workers estoosed to vinyl chloride sad smaller amoitoto of ntiylidene chlonde for periods of up to 25 years wa# studied systematically from the point of view of enviroqaeqtsJ *aq>osurs sad medical reoorda, and a corraUtioD was established between environmental meeauremats and clinical findings. Statistically significant results were obtained. The methodology la presented and discussed, and conclusions are drawn as regards the practical application of toxioologlcmt feedback from worker aotooeures. CIS .72*2530 Proprti0s nnd gtaernih) information for $Bf* handling and usa Of vinyl chlonde. Chemical Safery Oita Sheet 5046 (revised), Menufocturiog Chemists' Association, 1835 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., (Msahington, D.C. 20009, 1972. IBP. Vinyl chloride monomer (CHoCHCi). also known es chloroetnyiene or chloroethene. ts s flammable compound which is easily Ignited, producing denprous combustion gases composed largely of hydrogen chloride end carbon monoxide. Its mein hazard to hasith is associated with excessive respiratory exposure which cen result in disorder* of the central nervous svvtem. Properties end engineering control measures, precautions concerning personnel engaged in the handling of vinyl chloride, safety measures >n shipping, handling end ttoregs, cleenlng end rwpelrs of tanks end equipment, end advice on toxicity, first eid end the medical management of Poisoning. CIS 72-333 InvMtigaiion, iftto th* toxicity of *xtr*ctt of pluticiMd and non-plttticitvd polyvinyl chloride mbiliiod with gthyl erotonatt (Cercetan cu pnvira la toxicitatea axtrectalor din eniorvre d# polivmil plenifieta *i neoiastifiata. ntoltizat* cu crotonet de etli). Spron a., et el. "Iglena", Bucerett. Rumania. June 1971, Vo!.20, No.6, P.323-330. 9 ref. The authors studied the acute and subacute toipcity of extracts of PVC 2 and 4 months old. which contained ethyl croionaie or organic tin compounds at stabilisers and diot(\l phthalate 3* i plasticiser i or containing no plasticiser >. Experiments were carried out on 24c white mice to study mortality and the weight of the various organs oi the body after repeated mtrapentoneal administration of 1 ml of extract in water or r>il. or of a 10 bmes stronger concentration of the extract, in order to elucidate the subacute ef fect, the authors studied the action of the extracts on the growth of white rats, the weight of their organs, the ascorbu acid content of the suprarenalt. and the ictmty >f the liver enzymes i aldolase. Klutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, succinic dehvdn>*rnae. succinic oxydase, acid and alkali phosphatase i. Their findings demonstrated the lim* ited toncitv of ethyl crotonate .iqd disclosed a number of biochemical modifications caused bv substances given off be the plastics m the extraction media CIS 71-2066 Aero-ofteolyiii in PVC workers, Qiwotc.T. "mmici Suilvtln". Standard Oil Comecnv (Nvw Jvwl. Nv-- Von, N Y USA u,r ia., val.31, No.1. p.e-66. IHui. nt. ' r 1971' Cu Of Um-OIUoly*l. Of til, &1U1 phAllBf*, WWClUKi With IVBipiOBlI .lmilxr U> thot ucrlhwl to Raynaud', dlaaaat hav. b*u rtpened anwii, olmnlcaJ nrlura utuid In U* polym.ruaaoii of Vinyl ehlerld* monomer. Tb* author raviova the tHiaag Uwratura and raftra lutar alia to a compr.hrn.ive aurv.y carnatl out is IMi u, m, usa- of tba SOU worker. oxanlsod, 1302 were found to hav, aotnt X-ray ahunnallty of th* Rauda. Tbt laat part of the article la devoted to a description of the operation, end mtnl meeauree carried out elnoe 1K7 at the Eaao Pappu PVC plant. Medical -____ tuattona failed to reveal any abnormal X-ray or clinical findln, ralated to acn-oateolyata. CIS 71-1529 Tho itete of the, bronehi andlunp in worker, employed in tfM manufacture of polyvinyl chloride aruela, <o aenoianiitoronhoieoocnogo aooarata u ranoniUKlh na proltvedano liatlll la pollvlnllhlorlda). Van*in ju t Mwnentsv Ju.R. -Qipiana tivda I profaMlonal'nyo aaooMvaniia". Mootva USSR Oct. 1070, Vel.14, No.10.nJO-32. Inf. Reaplratory funeOos taata and radiolopcal evaminanona carried out oa Os worker, productno PVC articlea dtacloaed ehanita in the airway., which were uoet pronounced in pereoae with long eigioeure to duet. TV ehanp. oheerved (ftbroac change, in the lung partem, tnereaaed minute volume) an claarly attnhutable to many year, eapoeure to PVC duat. CIS 71-1461 Rlwopophic obiorvotion* omong workon in the piaatko indUftry (Oaaerveilenl rwogreflcbe In levoreterl deirintiuetrle til materia olevtleha). Nlttt G., Fstruxallla V., Feaenp V. '*Becurltaa"1 Rome. Italy, Aug. 1070, Vol^S. NoA, P4B3-604. Illus. 10 mf. FeUewibg the puhlicatioD of a toimber of papers cm ociw-oeteolytia of the finger-ends among workers employed to cleaning autoclaves used to tbs polymertoation of vinyl chloride monomer*, the mitbors carried out haematocbemical, rbeofraphicai and x-ray studies of tbs i^ptr Umbs of 20 such workers. Although they found no case of acr^ osteolyti* of the fingers - probably because the period of a^oeura had baco too abort they detected sympathetic neurodrculatory dystonia to 14 of the 20 subjects. They interpret this manifestation, which la attributable to an inexplicable mechanical, Chern ies! or even mechanical-chemical factor, a* a factor in the pathogenesis of bone lysis. CIS 71-1375 Thrathold limit viluei of nirbome contaminsntt and intended chgngtl gdoptM by ACQIH for 1970. Amorlcan Confsreocs of Government*! Industrial Hygieniets. 1014 Broadway. Cincinnati. Onio 40302. 1970. 27p. Fries. US'BOJO. The preface to the list of edopted value* presents introductory censideretions on threshold limit values, celling values, the contribution of tom absorption to oversit exposure, mixtures, asphyxiating gases, and physical factors influencing the effect* of exposure- The deslgnstion "nuisance dusts" is to be preferred to "inert dun" which Is inappropriate. The list covers 44Q substances, including 17 additions; end changes are indicated for 30 substance* (see also CIS 1373-1071. Gzt Q*m (203)) end for asbestos, coal dust, nuisance particulates, quart*, end fused silica. Appendices contain data on carcinogenic substances, nuisance dusts end asphyxiating gases, end guidance on the determination of TLV's of mixtures end permissible excursions for timewveighted average (TWA) Hmlts. CIS 71-1373 Supplemental documentation! of tfimhold limit value,, 1970. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 40203. USA, 1970. 27p. 119 ref. Toxicological sad chemical data on toe following substances, for which changes are proposed lb toe list of tortahold Unit values for 1970 (eeeCIS 1375-1071, GztQcm (203)) allyi glycidyl ether, ammoqia, ammonium chloride, asbestos, aspheii (petro leum) fumes, butyl lactate, synthetic camphor, bituminous coal dust, diszmon, 2-Ntobutyiamioocthaool, dietoyleoctnamme, formaldehyde, nuisance aerosols, ironpenucsrbonyl, alkyl mercury compouds, methyl chloride, 2-methyl cyclopentatoenyl man ganese tricarbonyl, rosin, *ubtih*ms, vanadium, vinyl chloride, and wood dust. CIS 71-1381 Occupational acrooncotyu, Dinm*. *,o,, vt m. "akmm ot Envlrsnmvntol Chicago. llllnoR. LISA, Jan. IS71, VolJ2. No.1.0.61-ei. Mlu. as rvl. ThJ atuly 1* to S put, anuUod: (I) Aa *plCulolo(tcN PbCy. <n) Aa laduatrUl hygtape study, sod <QZ) A clinics) study. The pktotoJologieaJ study covered 9 Oil qmpldy*** to various phases of vinyl chloride (VC) feud polyvtoyi chlonde (PVC) ma nufacturing to 32 plants to th* USA sad Canada. Acroostoolysl* (26 definite cease) waa claarly associated with the hand cleaning of reactor voaaals, at praaaet, neither the atoiologicai agont nor tts routs ot entry is known. The industrial hygiene survey was earned out to the name platts. it covered all prooeseea and all chemicals used. Re commendations are made as regards technical preventive measures. Finally, 4 subjects with acroosteolyels were studied elinlcaUy, Ityaaud's phmmmcnoq was toe first mani festation noted. Suggestions are made as regard# medical prevention of the disease. CIS 71-960 Pngumoconioiis GBUwd by thi inhalation of polyvinylchlorkk dUSt. Ssenoa B-, et si. "Medicine del levero", Milan, Italy. Aug.-Sep 197Q. VqI 61, NqJ4, p.433-430. Illus. 4 ref. Lung biopsies performed on a 31-year-oLd worker who had inhaled polyvinylchloride dust over a period of a year disclosed granulomatous lesion* caused by reaction to a foreign body. Tfce authors consider toe possibility of pneumoconiosis caused by inhala tion of polyvinylchloride. CIS 71-744 Th* toxicology of vinyl ehlerid* (2ur Toxtkqlogio d Vlnyichlorlds). Schottek W. "Chemlscbe Tachnlk". L*4>*lg. Germany (Dem.Rep.), Nov. I960. VolJI, No.11, p.700`711. 24 ref. Review of recent literature published on this subject and presentation of results of animal expertmmits uxl medical examinations of workers to factories producing PVC. It appears that vinyl chloride has a stronger toxic affect than was formerly assumed, fihortwterm cjqioeure to vinyl ehlorld* concentrations exceeding,! 000 ppm is sufficient to cause dleorders of the central nervous system, which may induce human failures such as the undereetimation of risks or errong reactions to dangerous situations. There is alao reason to believe that long-term exposure to vinyl chlonde concentrations of pprttdmately 200 ppm may lead to Uvr and kidney damage and to neurovascular dl^ orders. Tba author therefore rawnmenrts further research la tide field, and suggests that St might ba necessary to lower the present TLV for vinyl chloride. ASI 000013060 CIS 71*2 Italy, Mar, 1970, V* This Investt^tior. bta and rill--ksrtiv* oero*osi*iyf * c* cbotxtroid metopUtoa tore*** cMtotoiag Is* toe aull *iwl> af A* tt vascular lumen la ' urroiaaM art toflitrau in observed ta too brain, viola F.C. IrtrtlqMn 6* toward". Milan. I >74-190. Mbit. 7fO. du a^koaad to vinyl chloride MUMt to toots observed la par*** Mfisriag from mans proUferatioq of tbs porlosmum art ditties, roonfflrs tissue becomes aaparatarf lato eoUa^aaaa rtticuliia bnB firairttotrt. Ito villa of eons connective tissue become hypertrophied, while art sometimes eonplaaly closed; aneve aorta in mis rtatiia. Dsfstiernttv* otoftpi la the parenchyma rt kidneys. CIS 70-1441 Monitoring (xpoturM to ttnyl chtorxfe vapor Brvvth naiytii *TM oononuout air nmpling. omit* E.o., s<w*n *.D,, nd MuWhWl J.e. IBdunrltl Myjlini Atwelnlan Joumvl". Dnrelt. Mffhlvar. USA. Nov. DK. 19, VOIM. NO.. P.S37-B44. HIM. 7 r*. Report cm to environmental survey to determine too G*-weighted average exposure to vinyl chloride (VCt) of a group of chemical plant workers. The Survey took the form of continuous, multipoint Hr sampling, analysis by infrared spectrophotometry, nd breath sampling. Breath decay curves relating post-exposure breath concentration to vapour concctktrauoo were derived from the data. The breath curves were checked against data from eigwrimeatal human eiqiosure* to controlled concentrations of VC1. The investigations show that continuous a/r monitoring and breath analysis art borti valid methods for estimating individual daily ensure to VO, art suggest that the use of breath analysis should be expanded to other volatile organic chemicals in oobudoo usage. CIS 7M47 lithology of polybinyl mint (Pstoiogin da rrtn* polMniHcfca). Grouuard G. "Foils medic*", Ng>to, Italy, Fabruary I860, Vol. 53, Ne*3. p. 102-106. 7 rwt Considerations regarding working condition* in tbe plastics industry and tbs production and processing of polyvinyl reams, especially polyvinyl chloride. The pathological con ditions observed In workers in this field ere attributable mainly to the incorporation of toxic substances m tbe plastics. The author discusses changes produced mechanically In the respiratory system by PVC dust and calls attention to the effects of plasties on the km, which depend on the chemicals used. Considerations on occupational hygiene and health measures. CIS 68-2166 Polyvinyl chlorid* (PVC) (Cierurc oi poiiviniie (Pvcn.Not* tacnic, n^. Eflit 0,f i. Dr.v.B7iOB. d0il infortunl (E NPI), Dlmlon* 9rvlito Mnttarto, Mem*, tt.lv. una,t*o. 7p. Gr.ita. Bt1f mu, of tb* dviMtcrUttc* of thi, tbmolutie ttotcrtAl of tb, Aflau oubotnoM u,d in tb, pnAietia of PVC rtlcl. Cautdonuos of tb, buirt, utbor* Mt la tb, production and pnewtBf of PVC tad of ipproprut, pmtaUv, mojure*. CIS 68-1224 Aeropattiy of tho *xtrtmnm Mwacirtbd yWi vinyl ehioridt polymoriution A now oeeupvtiortbl dilMM lAcroenhi, okTromitotum in poiyiviertMTion* vtnyi*chiondi novs proiesienelna befSvtl. (Covac, A., (Cwfsllcs. L.. junOAuriC, 0.. end FsraC, 6. "UiscnnWi vieemk", Zspren, Vupotitvto, Jan. 1969 VciSl. Mo.1, pS-17. The authors describe a new occupstiofeti dtoewe, acmpetoy of toe cxtrsaitise, ob served in workers employed to vmy. -..r:de polymcnsauau in e Yugostovtaa plastics factory. Tbe diseaae normally begir. symptoms of Raynaud's disease (pallor, numbeca* of the ftogera) followed b> *.& cnanges icyanoaia and atrophy) and. finally, bone change* in the ends of the fingers (bone lesions etuned by osteolysis)- This dis ease affects workers in the polvmensauon section end others employed in cleaning polymensaiiA autoclaves. The authors consider that, in addition to tbs cbemioal ef fects involved, predisposition of workers to circulatory disorders, Individual hyper sensitivity aad local microcraumae play pan in the development of tbto disease. PIS 69-8 IS Acro-oittotysii A mw occup*tion*l diuBM of th plntia lOQUytry (t eero-ostSoivM - Une nouvsils montfeatatlen psthoiopique dsns I'fOdt/ftrw pee mettors piastioueil. 9enottJ.P. "Cehlem d* notes oecumentnirm SScurit* st hygiSne du treveil". Peris, Francs. 1st quarter 1969, Mo64, Nets N0.62964A9. p9369 Iflu* $ rsf. A grvaUy abridged version of the doctoral thesis abstracted on CIS 2225-196B, Muh Nhk Xka Dub;- Description of new disease which has appeared m workers responsible for cleaning polymerisation autoclaves for vinyl monomers, after fairly long contact with the vinyi chloride and lauroy! peroxide contained in the residues cm the walls of the* autoclaves- The article includes table showing the clinical picture, the biological bal ance. X-rav tvmptoms and an arterial and hitu>pathological study. Evolution, treat ment, prognosis NoeoiOficaJ discussion and pathogenic hypothesea. Brief discussion on the repair of lesions and on preventive action, eoMteimg mainly of limiting exposure. CIS 66-2225 OecupationhlhHnduoBd acro-ovtidytit (L'ecro-wsrSoivea d'nnpins prnfossiormelle). 6*no<xJ.P. Imprtmerie Boss Frhfes, 42 qusi Oslltoton, 69-Lyen. Frsnes, 1967. BBp- lllus. 187 rwf. Medical thesis On the basis of 7 esse histones from Belgium end of personal ob servation of 5 eaaes of chemical workers employed to cleaning polymerisation autoclaves for vinyl monomers, the author defines clinical, radiological and hiatopathologtcal cri teria for acr^osteolysis accompanied by painful vasomotor syndromes and trophic af fections of the hands. The physiopaihoiogical changes affect the arterioles or arterial capillaries Various criteria suggest that a new occupational disease is involved, re lating to a determined workplace but not attributable definitely to the effect of any toxic substance Fcw-employment and subsequent periodical medical examinations should be conducted to eliminate persona predisposed to thia disease. Until improved preventive measures are developed, glove* must be worn. ties processes themselves allowed no possibility of worker oposure to vinyl chloride sad mo eases were observed to 1000 workers handling the polymer or manufacturing PVC products. Tto disorder was attributed to oomhtoation of physical insult, Chemical in sult and personal idiosyncrasy. Cleaners should undergo pre-employment medical *xmtosttoe to discover any evidence of collagen disease, osteolysis of the hands, or ab normal respause of the hand* to eeld Insult, CIS 68*11 OewpttionV VCrO-OVtVOtYlb (Acro-sttaoiv* d'orifln* Drstaulerv belt*). Marin A., StroustV., Mlehtof* R,, Benoit J#., Betti* R,, FlerreC, "Revue tts rHumettWTve', Peris. Frenot.jone 1997, Vet.34. NoB.p.34G361. tllua. Href The authors describe 5 cases of acr^oeteolyais to workers employed to cleaning polymen*ab<m autoclaves to the plastics industry, After reviewing the clinical, radiological and histological aspects of the lesion*, they reach a dtopoei* of vascular dtoeaat with concomitant secondary osteal rsaorpticfi, probably caused by general chemical poi soning. Tbe lesions are regarded as the possible consequence of an immunological dis order. such as ha* been suggested might account for easee of sclerodactylia in which the injuries art comparable. Although the occupational haxard to a substantial one. the offending chemical baa net yet been identified. Treatm--it consist* mainly in vasodilate* tten therapy. CIS 68-334 Study of diMMi cauMd by vinyl chlorid* ictua* an bi.imih dues su chlorure ds vtaiyto). Soclu Orefmen l,, VsloWcaiM, "Medicine del lovoro", Milan. Italy. Apr. 1997. VolfiB. NoA, P.261-271. 12 ref. Tbs authors report on Tessnjvh on cUnicel symptoms sad biochemical changes, per formed to Rumania on 14* workers employed to polyvinyl chloride prediction, for the purpose of clarifying the clinical pattern of tbe diaeases induced by tot* substance. The findings included a narcotic syndrome, symptom* suggestive of neurasthenia, enlarged liver <90.1% of eaaes), Raynaud's syndrome <6% of cases >, and skis affections (che mical and allergic dermatitis, sad sclsrodsrmto). Tbs uuoai appearance of the ner vous signs sad digestive, angioneurotic and cutaneous phenomena trttrate that disorder* cf tbe cerebral oortea, with subsequent dtencephalic aad endocrine involvement, play an Important part. CIS 67*64 Coftorfendtric tfattrmingtfon erf vinyl chlorid# in sir (Koiorimo- thcetoee eprwoetonls hiorlstovo vtnlla v vesdube) Gronmerg .$, "MinuceWtafa promyatonnaft", Moscow. USSR, July 1966. Vol.42, Me.7, p,30-31, 3 ref. A method <4 determining ltmoopberic cmwentrstians of vinyl chloride te dssertbed. he serf on tbe capacity eg ethylene compound* to oxidise with permanganate, forming glycols, which to bum form formaldebydss whan subjected to further oxictotlan with iodic acid, Tbe author sesuasd that the ehemlcai process to tbs Utter case corresponds to thst involved to ethylene oxidation. The formaldebydk can be determined colorlaetncal* ly, using chromotroptc acid as a reagent. IV avenge values of tbe resuits of numerous tries of experiments to determining vinyl chloride to solutions and to the air are reprortcod, and ton preparation of the standard solution is described. Tbs method t* much more sensitive than a procedure (toscribed to 19*3, honed on the (toctochemlcaJ bromide txwatmenc of vtsyi ehionA. the bromide residue being determined lodometncaity. CIS 65-2361 Atmotphcrk eontaminction by phthclk acid cctcn during the procetting of polyvinyl cftloridc (Enrv ,r,,iiny fuiwv v wu,, on apreeovrtnl polyvtoylchtoridu). 2drailJ.. Flche F. "Freeovnl toaantvi", Pregue. Cteehoslovekla, Aug. 1966. Voi.17. Me.6, PJ57-260. Ulus, 9 ref. A clearly visible mint having bweo observed at workplaces where PVC to processed, samples were ooilected on ultra-fine membrane filter*. The filters were dissolved to alcohol and dm esters determined by potorofraphy to a 73% alcohol solution to which was added 111 tetraethyl ammonium bromide, to shops engaged to calendering soft PVC. phthalic add ester concentrations of 2,66 to 3.64 mg/m3 were found; to shops manutarmrtog hard PVC sheet (Novodhr), toe concentrations were only half as high, but to one shop with an Inadequate ventilation system manufacturing floor covering*, they reached 44 mg/tt*. With ocneeaowttcns no greater than 3 ag/m at ambient tempera* hires sinsaiUng 30* C, wotter* complained of irritation i the upper reeplratory tract. At concentrations of *o mg/m the limit ai tolerability is reached. CIS 64-2611 Vinyl ehtorid* (chtorofthytont, chlorotthtn#) *CHo CHCI. Hygienic Guide Senes, American industrial Hygiene Association. Detroit. Micntgen. "American industrial Hvmene Association Journal". Detroit, USA, July-Aug. 1964. Voi,26. No.4. p.421-433. 12 ref. Recommended maximel atmqcptwric concentretiont for 8-hour exposure is BOOppm. The ms|or haierdi are fire end explosion. Vinyl cniorlde polymenees readily In the Presence of air, sunlight, oxygen or heat, but is safely smpoeo without e polymerisation inhibitor. Mild exposures require no treatment other than remove! from die contaminated area. Severe exposures mev produce deep anaesthesia, if this occurs, patient mutt be removed from the arte and kept in supine position tf breathingnes stopped, movth-to-mouth resuscitation must be begun. Contaminated clothing must be removed ana toin thoroughly washed with ureter. If sye contact has occurred, irrigation with copious quantities of water must be immediately performed. CIS 64-780 Effects of tingle end rapMtcd txponnr of human, and rati tO vinyl eniondt fieeter p., Greenberg L-A., Adtmt W.R. "American industrial Hygiene Association Journal", Detroit, UCA, May-June 1663, Voi.24, M0.3r 0^69-276. Ilius. 6 ref. Rats exposed f hours daily to visyl chionde at concentration of 2% for 3 months and 9% lor 19 days exhibited changes in liver and spleen weight aod in red and white cell counts. Except in toe case of liver, tissue alterations did not accompany these changes Tbe siterations in liver morphology were within to* normal range and not pathologic in character. Because other facets of the animals' response, such as rate of growth, serum transaminase and haemoglobin, were unchanged, it is suggested thst the present threshhold limit value of 300 ppm need not be lowered; ASI 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 6 1 CIS 68-1222 Occupational aer<**m#olyh. Raport of 31 cam. wimk R.H., McCormick WE., Tetum C.F., CrewcOJ.L. "Journe* of W>e Americen Medics! Association'', Chicane, Illinois, USA. 21 Aug. 1967, Vol-201. Mo6, pB77*6B1. Illut, 4 ref. htudy of ocetmotiunal scr^osteolysis in worktrs asscciatsrt with vinyl chlond* (CH7CHCI) poiymerss' on procssses Of the 31 worker* exhibiting acnwoeteolysis (out of 9000 examu>vc . * wer or had bswa employed in cleaning polyvnensatice equip* mrtt. generally invur. manual scraping for several hour* a day. Ostoolysie was specific to thjt distal o*..ui|ea of the hands and was freqomitly associated with Reynaud'a " ','4~r " *'** '''**** - ffeu 19 vwir see croup The oolvmenss CIS 62-1780 Occupational haatth in tha production of vinyl chlorida BOttYliflf (VoprotV gtgleriy truds v prolsvodstve hlorivtogo vinils is scetiisn Filatovs Vfi,, Qromfeerg ES,. BtoxnAins M-$. "Gigtons trods \ professional inPOtovnnli*", Motttva, USSR. F*b. 1962, NoJ, p.10-15. 6 ref. Evidence ts produced that toe atmosphere in Industries engaged m the production ot vinyl chloride from acetylene and hydrochloric acid ts subject to contamination viih acetylene, hydrogen chionde, vinyl chloride, corrosive mercuric chionde mercurv. methanol and ammonia, the concentrations of which, in the majority of cases did "of exceed maximum allowable levels The extent and nature of contamination \inec acc >r'jing to the operations involved Data derived from periodic medical examinations of vnrkers failed m a am- chances m their health condition CIS 82-MS Occupational Ain lesions due to polyvinyl chloride learvhxiedii'vt* Hevtsentaen ourwi eoiyvinyiehioridl. gonneon hj. rnmiwrmttomr", AuWnoorf/WBiftiemeer*, Oermenv (Sad.Aep.). S*>- 1962. voi.io, No.t. e.3C-*3. 4|(, The author report* on two am of occupational skin lesions in the polyvinyl chloride processing industry. It is presumed that an allergy to toxicity plays a part, and in this process the emulsifier with its strong degreasing properties or the solvents used increased sensitisation to polyvinyl chloride, which otherwise can scarcely be considered as a sensiuser. CIS 62-800 The toxicity ol vinyl chloride as datarminad by rapaatad exposure ot laboratory animals. Temaiion T.n., own s., nowevx. "American IrtOunriel Hvewne Anoclctlqn Journal", Celt(more. USA, Get 1901. Voi-22. NO.S. p.aea jei. Ilkrt. 12 ref. CIS 61-668 Acuta inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride to laboratory ntmilt. MHTromirao E.. F*h*r A.M.. Cfcnttrt H . md D^ngtr M Amtncin iIrndtui*sTtrfiiail HHvvom*onma AAssssoocciiaattiioonn Journal. Baltimore,-Mo., USA, Oct. 1960, vol.2i Noi. p.394-396. Mi Mitx rets and guinea-pigs were exposed to vinous inhalsnon concentrations of vmvl chloride in air. Exposure to 10% concentrations produced narcosis and 40 . concentrations killed all but three of the animals. Autopsy revealed hyperaemia. atelectasis oedema of the lungs, and tubular changes in the kidneys of animals who inhSedlO and 20% concentrations for 30 minutes; exposure to 30% concentrations pulmonary congestion and haemorrhage. liver and kidney congestion, and desouamauon of the tracheal epithelium. The guinea-pigs surviving exposure to 40V concentrations showed similar pulmonary and renal changes, complete destruc tion*of the tracheal epithelium, and fatty infiltration of the Over. Male and female rats showed micropathological liver and kidney changes after repeated daily 7-hour exposures at 100 ppm for 4.5 months. Repeated 7-hour expo sures at 200 ppm for six months resulted in micropathological changes in the livers of rabbits and statistically significant increases in the average weight of the livers of male and female rats but no detectable changes in dogs and guinea pigs. The value of 100 ppm is suggested as the limit for regular daily 7- to 8-hour exposures. CIS 60-1363 Aocsdemal poisoning by vinyl chloride. outv*H. Canute* Medical Association Journal, Toronto. Out, Canada, 1* Apr. 1980. VSIA2. No.lg, PA2S-O0. Mafi. Two cute of fatal accidental poisoning by vinyl chloride i (< ASX 000013062 Supplementary references Adam Y.G., Huvos A.G., Hajdus S.l. - Malignant vascular tumors of liver. Annals of Surgery, Philadelphia, USA, 1972, No. 175, p.375 383. Anghelescu F,, Otoiu M., Dobrinescu E-, Hagi-ParaschivDossios L., Dobrinescu G., Ganea V. Consideratii clinicopatogenice asupra fenomenului Raynaud la muncitorii din industria policlorurii de vinil. Medicina interna, Bucaresti, Romania, 1969, Vol.21, No.4, p.473-482. Antonyuzhenko V.A. * Professional intoxication with vinyl chloride, Gigiena troda i professional'nye zabolevani/a, Moskva, USSR, 1968, Vol.12, No.3, p.50-52. Arena J.M.-Vinyl chloride poisoning; Toxicology ...Symp toms ... Treatment. 2nd edition, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, USA, 1970, Basalaev A.V., Experience with the use of large-frame photofluorogramy in examining skeletal bones of persons occupationally dealing with unsaturated hydrocarbons of the ethylene series (olefins) and their chlorine derivatives (vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene). Gigiena tmda i pro- fessional'nye zaboievanija.Moskva, USSR, 1970, Vol. 14, No.11, p.34-37. Basalaev A.V., Vazin A.N., Kochetkov A.G. - On the patho genesis of changes developing due to a long-term exposure to the effect of vinyl chloride. Gigiena truda i professio nal 'nyezaboievanija, Moskva, USSR, 1972, Vol. 16, No.2, p.24-27. Bloch-Michel H., Brizard J. L'acrooste'olyse. Revue du praticien, Paris, France, 1960, Vol.10, No. 19, p.2059-2065. Boytsov A.N. - Problems of industrial hygiene in new plants for the manufacture of synthetic resins and plastics. Gi giena tmda i professional'nye zaboievanija, Moskva, USSR. 1963, Vol.7, No.11. p.20-27. 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