COLD FORMING OF METALS Fig 23-17.

MACHINE TOOLS the functions of two or more basic groups There are insufficient statistical data to make a conclusive evaluation of the hazards of machine tools Injuries resulting from machine tool operations are reported less frequently than injuries from power presses or metal shears, but still present some of the more senous problems in the metal products industries General Safety Rules The greatest emphasis and dependence, nevertheless, must be placed upon safe op eration A policy to eliminate unsafe prac tices which result m operator injury should be established and should include these pro visions' 1 Operation, adjustment, and repair of any machine tool must be restricted to experi enced and trained personnel or appren tices under close supervision 2 Safe work procedures must be estab lished, and short cuts and chance-taking prohibited. 3 Supervisors must be responsible for the enforcement of this policy and for mak ing certain that no deviation from points 1 and 2 is permitted Maintenance personnel and repairmen should comply with this three-point policy.

MACHINE TOOLS TABLE 24-K1 DIMENSIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FABRICATED GUARDS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL POSITION OPTIONAL ADJUSTABLE TONGUE ADJUSTABLE WORK REST SIDE MEMBER B-l ATTACHED TO MACHINE SHAFT CAP #12 S S DETACHABLE SIDE MEMBER B-2 Wheel Drnm (in ) C Mnvimnwi Space Between New Wheel and Hood at Periphery (>n ) x> Max Inside Width of Hood (m ) F G a j X Length of Tongue (in ) Dibb of Bolts for Tongue (in ) Sue of Angle Supports for Tongue and Beat (id > Diam of Diam of Thick Rivets Bad Con ness for Sup necting of ports Bolts Tongue (u> ) (in ) (in ) 1% wider Under 12 i% than wheel 3% % lV4xl%x% % % % 12 to 16 1% 2 wider than wheel 5 % 2 x2 x% % Vi % 2 wider 17 to 24 i% than wheel 6 % 2 x2 x% % % % 2 wider Over 24 i% than wheel 7 % 2*6x2%x% % % % Adjusting safety guards The peripheral protecting member can be adjusted to the constantly decreasing diam eter of the wheel by means of an adjustable tongue or similar device Then the angular protection specified for bench and stand grinders will be maintained throughout the life of the wheel, and the maximum dis tance between the wheel periphery and the tongue or end of the ]ienpheral band at the top of the opening will not exceed X in (Fig. 24-19).

GUARDING EQUIPMENT IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Fie- 26-32 Electrically interlocked screen guards prevent access to the portable letoff unit of a cutter while power is on Note the interlock shown in the lower left.

EXHAUST SYSTEMS, GENERAL ir COMFORT VENTILATION STOCKING TYPE SCREEN RAPl MECHANISM RSE AIR FLOW SECTIONS 1,2 AND 3 UNDER AIR LOAD SECTION 4 CLOSED OFF FOR SCREEN CLEANINS MULTIPLE SECTION CONTINUOUS AUTOMATIC Fig 28-1T.

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS APPROVED VENTILATION TYPICAL INSIDE FLAMMABLE LIQUID STORAGE ROOM Fig. 32-11.

INDUSTRIAL HYC1ENE slant, that the physiological effects pro duced are proportional to this product, and that peaks are not disproportionately above the accepted limit This may not always be valid because of variations and differences in factors such as rates of absorption and elimination and the type of effects produced Tune-weighting does not consider the chron ological sequence m which these peaks oc cur the response from two or three peaks occurring withm a short time can be much more serious than if these peaks occur at widely spaced intervals It is most important to emphasize the im portance of sampling procedures Spot sam pling too is a poor way to assess total ex posure--it is easy to mum peak exposures Conversely, in the hands of the untramed investigator, it may be too easy to sample only obvious peak exposures Samples taken over a long penod may be adequate for esti mating total exposure, but they only give the average concentration over the sampling penod This may be adequate only when one employs continuing sampling procedures which record the concentration at successive short intervals over this prolonged penod of time Measuring the Hazard To determine exposure levels to chemical and biological atmosphenc contaminants, as well as to measure physical energy stresses, the industrial hygienist uses either directreading instruments or laboratory analyti cal methods The limitations and applications of the vanous instruments and techniques used to measure environmental stresses are dis cussed m this section, which is adapted from a paper0 presented by H F Schulte at the 1963 National Safety Congress Sampling techniques What must be measured and evaluated in industrial hygiene sampling is usually the dosage the worker receives--the amount of toxic material he takes into his body Dura tion of exposure and concentration and type of material are important For the concen tration measurement, a test can be made on the air m the worker's breathing zone In some cases, the measuring instrument can be attached directly on the worker and he can carry rt throughout the working day (this is done with a film badge for measur ing radiation exposure).

Ctek ContSfiental Technical Services A -scility of The Continenii insurance Cornoanies- THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LABORATORY RECErv'HTD of CONTINENTAL TECHNICAL SERVICES -.9742 SKILLMAN CaJ DALLAS, TEXAS 75243 214/343-2025 ;r..

iSU&Jtojt USHJ SOUTHWESTERN REFINING COMPANY, INC.

EHMD-MS (UNIT) TO FROM INTERNAL CORRESPONDENCE L PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT KRC-525 Tom Sands DATE March 4, 1988 TM Janet Smitrf^ SUBJECT Sulfolane Unit Asbestos A bulk Insulation sample was taken on February 22, 1988 from insulation material found on the ground in the middle section of the Sulfolane Unit.

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INDUSTRIAL NOISE Hg 43-2 Schematic diagram of the anatomy of the ear.

MOTORIZED EQUIPMENT to drive a motor vehicle, an individual who gives promise of the ability to dnve safely should be selected The following factors should be given much weight Age Men under 25 years of age, espe cially those under. 21, are not considered good accident risks The personnel officer should take special pains in analyzing the qualifications of applicants under 25 years of age and should assign to driving only those who evidence mature, stable person alities Experience Men who have a record of vehicle accidents should not be assigned to dnve company vehicles A man's safety record Bhould be investigated by interview with the roan himself and by consultation with former employers Information is sometimes available from state motor ve hicle departments or state accident record bureaus Attitude.

SAFETY ENGINEERING TABLES TABLE 45-R APPROXIMATE SPECIFIC GRAVITIES AND DENSITIES (At room temperature with reference to water at 39 F) Substance Specific gravity f Substance Specific gravity Metals, Alloys, Ores AWwafaniw, C&flMl&IBIBQH Aluminum, bronze Brora, caat-rolied Bronze, 7*9 to 14% Bn Bronze, phosphor ...