Kettering's brilliant experimentation, namely tetraethyl-lead could be removed from the engine (which it tended to clog) by being mixed with certain halogenated hydrocarbons to form what was known as Ethyl Fluid'

Kettering's brilliant experimentation, namely tetraethyl-lead could be removed from the engine (which it tended to clog) by being mixed with certain halogenated hydrocarbons to form what was known as Ethyl Fluid'."

"TETRAETHYL LEAD f IN VICTIM'S BRAIN".

I will discuss the hazardous Jobs involving the handling of tetraethyl lead, in the order of their hazard, discussing the most hazardous first.

The fourth paragraph makes the categorical statement that lead poisoning from anti-knock gasoline containing tetraethyl lead Is one of the most!

The fourth paragraph makes the categorical statement that lead poisoning from anti-knock gasoline containing tetraethyl lead is one of the most serious forms.

The fourth paragraph makes the categorical statement that lead poisoning from anti-knock gasoline containing tetraethyl lead Is one of the most serious forms* I and my associates, as well as certain members of the staff of the Unit ed States Public Health Service, have been studying this problem from the point of view of the public health and the health of gasoline handlers In the United States over some period of years.

There is no lead hazard known which cannot be controlled in such a way as to practically eliminate lead poisoning as an industrial disease.

The fourth paragraph makes the categorical statement that lead poisoning from anti-knock gasoline containing tetraethyl lead is one of the most serious forms.

In this connection it is needless to say that the poison ing from concentrated tetraethyl lead is not something that manifests itself by one or two absorptions* but is more apt to creep on gradually, sometimes not actually manifesting itself until a person is seriously ill.

t Tetraethyl lead ............ .................

I am wondering if you have anything definite in mind in the second sentence of the second paragraph on page (3), suggesting as having the Public Health Service requesting the States to pass laws relating to the operation of the tetraethyl lead industry.

The location of the hazard area with re spect to a source of uncontaminated res pirable air, 5 The state of health of personnel involved, 6 The functional and physical characteristics of respiratory protective devices The safety professional should familiarize himself with the type of hazard for which a given type of respiratory equipment is ap proved, and should not permit its use for protection against hazards for which it is not designed For instance, particulate filter respirators are of no value as protection against solvent vapors, injurious gases, or lack of oxygen Their use under these condi tions is one of the most common and most dangerous abuses of respirators Oher common misuses of respiratory equip ment are to use chemical cartridge respirators where gas masks are required or to use chem ical filtering types where atmosphere-support ing or self-contained units are necessary Some substances require protection against (a) damage to the respiratory system, and also (b) systemic injury through the skm All substances should be investigated to learn whether this double hazard is involved Some common substances which are hazardous through both the respiratory system and the skm are Aniline Carbon disulfide Cresol (cresyhc acid) Dichloroethylene-1,1 Decahn (decahydronaphthalene) Diethylene oxide (dioxane-1,4) Diethylphthalate Dimethylamhne Dinitrobenzene Dimtrochlorobenzene Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid) Iodoform Lead tetraethyl Mercury and its compounds Nicotine Nitrobenzene Nitroglycerine Organic phosphate insecticides Phenyl hydrazine Tetrahn (tetrahydronaphthalene) See Chapter 39, "Chemical Hazards," for a full list Some workers consider respiratory equip ment a nuisance, not realizing that failure to wear it may endanger their lives Usually, the attitude of such men can be changed if someone in authority will clearly explain why the equipment is necessary, show the men how to fit it in position, and explam its opera tion If such educational efforts fail, the alternative is discipline, for the risk of injury is senous Excellent health and thorough training m the operation and maintenance of equipment are essential for persons who are to use re spiratory protective devices Anyone in questionable physical condition should be prevented from entering environments pre senting respiratory hazards, and thus avoid having to wear any emergency breathing apparatus for protection From the standpoint of fire hazard, neither pure oxygen nor air containing more than 21 percent oxygen is to be preferred to ordinary air for use in atmosphere (air) supplied respi rators or open-circuit (demand) type selfcontained breathing apparatus, for ventilating, or for other purposes A flammable substance in the presence of oxygen requires only a small fraction of the energy to ignite it as does the same substance in the presence of air, and an ensuing fire or explosion is much more violent Air or oxygen provided by or supplied to any respiratory equipment must be free from contaminants, quality as well as quantity is important Respirable air should comply with the Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for Air, G-71-1966 (ANSI Z861), Grade D This specifies that the maximum impurities be as follows condensed hydrocarbons, 5 mg/m3 of gas at NTP, carbon monoxide, 10 mg/m3, and carbon dioxide, 1000 mg/m3 The presence of a pronounced odor renders the air unsatisfactory for breath ing The standard gives methods of verifica tion and other details Oxygen should meet the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia Respiratory protective devices can be clas sified as follows 1 Air purifying respirators. 491

You will be interested in knowing that the Judge charged the Jury that there was no evidence that any of the Esso dispensed at the Rowe station during the times mentioned in the trial that had a greater concentration of tetraethyl lead than 3CC.

Tests, see Inspection Tetrabromoethane, 1172 Tetrachioroethane, 1147,1172 Tetrachloroethylene, 1147, 1172 Tetraethyl lead, 1152 Tetrahydrofuran, 1173 Tetryl, 1175 Texture of control, 232-233 Thallium, 1173 Theory X and Y of motivation, 248-249 Thermal environment, 1053-1054 Thermometers, 1053 Thermoplastic, definition, 1239 Thermosetting, definition, 1239 THERP, 100 Thiocyanates, 1173 Third party liability, 192 Three E's of safety, 6-7, 151 Threshold limit values, 1041, 1075-1076, 1118 calculations, 1079-1080, 1195-1197, 1200 chemical substances, 1112, 1182-1198 excretory, 1112-1113 physical agents, 1095-1107, 1248-1251 sinusoidal vibration, 1471 Tiles, floor, 578 Tilt table saws, 814-815 Timbers, stresses (table), 1450-1452 Time-weighted average, 1079-1080, 1119, 1121, 1197 Tin snips, 984 Tires, vehicle, inflation, 1428 Tissue damage, 1060 Titanium dioxide, 1173 Titanium tetrachloride, 1173 Titanium, toxicity, 1173 Toeboards, see Raibngs and toeboards Toilet facibhes, 541-542 Toluene, 1174, 1239 Toluene 2,4-dusocyanate, 1174 Toluidine, 1174 Tongs, 991-992 pipe, 991 Tools, hand, see Hand tools Tools, machine, see Machine tools Tools, power, see Power tools, portable Torches blow, 408, 1321, 1335 welding and cutting, 956-957 Tornados, planning for, 445 Torsion tools, 888-993 Tort, 572 Total disability, definitions, 137-139 'Total safety" concept, 51 Towers, dimensions, 426 Towing of vehicles, 1437, 1443 Toxaphene, 1174 Toxicity chemical, 1109-1117, 1202-1204, 1212-1231 flammable liquids, 1296 Toxicity--Continued younger people, 1115 see also specific chemicals Toxicology, experimental, 1115-1117 hygienic air quality standards, 1118-1123 literature, 1094 NIOSH criteria documents, 1118 sources of help, 463, 1176-1177 substances, hst of, 1117, 1123-1176 threshold limit values, 1182-1198 Toxline, 463 Track, railroad, 788-789 Tractors and trailers, safety devices for, 743, 1425-1426 emergency equipment, 1427 Trade associations, 608-618 Training, see Education Tramp metal as cause of fire, 1334 Tramway, aenal, 705-706 Transfer of training, 260-261 Transportation during emergencies, 461-462, 586 Transportation, U S Dept, of, labels, 117, 655 Trauma, committee on, 604 Treads, stair, 387-388 Trench excavation, 413 Trenches, utility, 433--434 Trestles, 372 Tnboelectnc inspection, 926 Tnchlomacetonitnle, 1174 Trichloroethylene, 1174, 1200 Trigonometric functions, table of, 1466-1467 Trinitrotoluene, 1174-1175 Tnorthocresylphosphate, 1175 Trolley conveyors, 701-702 Trucks, electric, see Industrial trucks Trucks, hand, see Handtrucks Trucks, motor, see Motor vehicles Tuberculosis, 1065-1066 Tungsten arc welding, 964 Tunnels, utility maintenance, 433-434 Turning machines, 1030-1032 Turpentine, 1175 u Ultrasonic tests, 926 Ultraviolet radiation, 970, 1057 TLV's, 1105-1106 Underwriters Laboratories Inc, 600 Unfired pressure vessels, see Pressure vessels, unfired United States Government agencies, 618 Unsafe acts, 107, 154, 156-157 reducing, 83-84, 214-215 Unsafe conditions, reducing, 105-110, 154, 155 Unstable materials, NFPA definition, 1206 Upsetters, forging, 940-942 Uranium and compounds, 1175 1521