I trust you will not have the opportunity of seeing any cases of tetraethyl lead poisoning.

MaeshXe has told me that he talked over with you the question of information which should be made available to the Harbor- authorities In Hamburg as to the exact nature of the dangers associated with the handling of tetraethyl lead.

A governmental Commission,having issued a report on tetraethyl lead (confirming our findings for local consumption), is in no hurry (understandably) to take any further action, and so there will be KE 0009262 David E.

ETC 00101 TETRAETHYL LEAD (LEAD TETRAETHYL, TEL) Pb (C2H5)4 From Ethyl Chloride and Lead-Sodium Alloy Crushed led- | Cond<ntr |--^ By-product gam - Ethyl chloride Ethyiene dibromt'de Ethylene dichloride Antiknock fluid containing Tetraethyl lead Reaction 4NaPb + 4C2H5C1 - Pb (C2H5) 4 + 3Pb + 4NaCl 85-90% yield (based on sodium) Material Requirements Basis--1 ton tetraethyl lead (100%) Sodium Lead (theo) Ethyl chloride (theo) Catalyst Ferric chloride Sodium thiosulfate 650lb 1,280lb 1,595 lb 15 to 50 lb Small Small Process Tetraethyl lead is made by reacting a lead-sodium alloy with ethyl chlo ride in n ' octave.

He stated that he had absolutely nothing at all new but that ha had. read over all of the published data on tetraethyl lead as received from the Surgeon General's office and in view of the fact that all lead compounds are poisonous, he felt that the Surgeon General's warning plate was not sufficient.

He stated that he had absolutely nothing at all new but that ha read over all of the published data on tetraethyl lead as received from the Surgeon General's office and in view of the fact that all lead compounds are poisonous, ha fait that the Surgeon General's warning plate was not sufficient.

cc. of tetraethyl lead par / alien, satiisfiictory operation v;Tfch a o;inlsum of cleansing was obtained for 111*.76 hours with a single filter unit.

Elements of Industrial Toxicology tivity were observed Gasoline vanes in composition, but is commonly a petroleum fraction containing hexanes, heptanes, and octanes with varying amounts of unsaturated, cyclic, and aromatic compounds A cracked gasoline may con tain 50 per cent or more compounds other than the saturated aliphatic hvdrocarhons If the gasoline consists of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic compounds and cyclic compounds it will be a narcotic and an ir ritant to the mucous membranes The main toxic action will be depression of the central nervous svstem with symptoms of giddiness, dizziness, hilarity, and headache not unlike an alcoholic intoxication Mild symptoms of this sort are apt to be produced by relatively short exposures to concentrations of 500 to 750 ppm of this kind of gasoline In addi tion, mild blood changes, neuritis, and neu rasthenias have been reported If the gasoline is made from a crude oil containing 40 per cent or more of aromatics or is enriched in aromatics by the refining process, the toxicity mav be substantially higher The tetraethyl lead content of gasoline is low enough to make any lead exposures from ordinary handling and dispensing of gasoline in garages and filling stations negligible Tetraethyl lead can however present a toxic hazard by inhalation and absorption through the skin when entry is made into tanks and other confined spaces that have contained leaded gasoline See Lead and Hygienic Guide Germanium, one of the less common metals which have some industrial uses, is employed particularly in the electronics industry for diodes and transistors It appears to be a relatively inert metal and has not been re ported as the cause of any occupational dis eases in man In animal experiments, the LD50 for rats bv intraperitonea!

Tetraethyl lead can however pre sent a tone hazard by inhalation and ab solution through tiie skin when entry is made into tanks and other confined spaces that have contained leaded gasoline.

G Gasoline vanes in composition, but is com monly a petroleum fraction containing hex anes, heptanes, and octanes with varying amounts of unsaturated, cyclic, and aromatic compounds A cracked gasoline may contain 50 percent or more compounds other than the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons If the gasoline consists of saturated and un saturated aliphatic compounds and cyclic com pounds, it will be a narcotic and an irritant to the mucous membranes The mam toxic action will be depression of the central nerv ous system with symptoms of giddiness, dizzi ness, hilarity, and headache not unlike an alco holic intoxication Mild symptoms of this sort are apt to be produced by relabvely short ex posures to concentrations of 500 to 750 ppm of this land of gasoline In addition, mild blood changes, neuritis, and neurasthenias have been reported If the gasoline is made from a crude oil containing 40 percent or more of aromatics or is ennched in aromatics by the refining proc ess, the toxicity may be substantially higher The tetraethyl lead content of gasoline is low enough to make any lead exposures from ordinary handling and dispensing of gasoline m garages and filling stations negligible Tetraethyl lead can, however, present a toxic hazard by inhalation and absorption through the skm when entry is made mto tanks and other confined spaces that have contained leaded gasoline See Lead.

I think this problem has been discussed with you and It is probably unnecessary at this time for me to discuss it further* However, if there are any questions in your mind as to the nature and magnitude of this danger* I trust you will let me know so I can give you additional information* Dr, Machte has told me that he talked over with you tlie question of information which should be made available to the Harbor- authorities In Hamburg as to the exact nature of the dangers associated with the handling of tetraethyl lead, I wonder whether or not you have taken steps to acquaint these men with this problem.

v f-\h V*-Y' H Z GG; J 4 5 dangers associated with the handling of Fluid with the purely hypothetical dangers arising from the handling of gasoline containing small quantities of tetraethyl lead* Certain articles* which I am sending you* deal with the problem of leaded gasoline.

Webb -- Concerning Tetraethyl Lead Manufacturing Plant in Germany# Purely commercial considerations sake it imperative that there should, be no recurrence of episodes of lead poisoning in the manufacturing end of the industry.

showed drowsiness starting in the early after noon and later becoming more severe Com plaints of loss of appetite and nausea at these relatively low exposures were less common See Hygienic Guide TEPP (tetraethyl pyrophosphate) is the active ingredient in an insecticide mixture that goes by the same name Since the esti mated fatal dose for a human being is ap proximately 600 mg taken orally, it is m the class of highly toxic materials In its use, toxic dust respirators or supplied air respirators and protective clothing which will completely prevent skin contact should be worn Anyone with a severe headache or a feeling of tightness or constriction in the chest should be removed immediately from the exposure 1.1.2.2- Tetrabromoethane (acetylene tetrabromide) is a high-boiling, heavy, yellow ish liquid used as an indicator liquid in gauges and for separating minerals by density Its low vapor pressure at room temperature makes it safer to handle than might be ex pected The LDjo for rabbits and guinea pigs is about 0 4 gm per kg of body weight Exposure to the vapor causes respiratory irritation and damage of the liver appearing a few days after a single acute exposure 1.1.2.2- Tetrachloroethane (acetylene tet rachloride) is an excellent solvent for a num ber of paints and lacquers It is also a very dangerous compound since inhalation of it at a concentration that is barely perceptible by odor can lead to extensive liver damage Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) is a chlorinated solvent used primarily for de greasing It is similar m its properties to trichloroethylene except that its boiling point is slightly above that of water so that boiling degreasers containing it automatically keep themselves dry without loss of solvent Its most important toxic effect is depression of the central nervous system In experi mental exposures of human subjects, those exposed to concentrations greater than 200 ppm promptly suffered central nervous sys tem symptoms, while those exposed to about 100 ppm did not See Hygienic Guide Tetraethyl lead--see Lead Also see Hygenic Guide 1375

____ j i j 0 , 0 3 <[ Table 12 Distribution of Y/orkmen Employed In Mixing Tetraethyl Lead with Gasoline ' ' I According to Milligrams of Lead per Liter of Urine . " (f ____ Milligrams of Lead Per Liter of Urine J f i s 27 \ 19.2 9 ........... 1931.............