/ VC +.Q-?

DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A.

SPECIALTY VINYL CHLORIDE RESIN PROCESSES EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS R.

k VC 5.0~ ~bP/- `UL a.s) 4 University of Louisville Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition April 6, 1979 Louisville, Ky. 402J2 P.0.

duplicate of or^p[NAL TITLE 21-- FOOD AND DRUGS ' ,rv-. ' ...

WdSS;Z `SI MBS 3H11 (13AI303H AmBritain Jounut ot EpfdnaWogy Copyright 02001 ty ha Johns Hopkins Unhftity Bkxxtibtog School of Pubic HMhti All right* ruwnwd VW.184, No AfcfodhUS Cancer Mortality among Workers Exposed to Amphibole-free Chrysotile Asbestos Eiji Vano,' ZhtMng Wang,*1 2Xiao-Rong Wang,1*3 Mtan-Zheng Wang,* and Ya-Jia lan* .

A front-end loa der with a 2 1/2-yard capacity bucket trammed ore from the sto ckpile to the loading point which leads to the COM bin - th e start of the ore processing.

OC. m gathering oectgreuna infannatmn en the nauatry ana me waa-mpeaa iseuee far a lead oomening docu mentary Inoutoy cooaeraiion incwaed ti--fying eceurata mformaiwn an tna uea* of wed. supplying ssmows ad Bitwr laaong caowigp now avadahta to piasam cmwmn from acting oamt. arringmg a IHmtd intarvww on wad oamt r-------- 1 wan NPCA'* Teetmeei Oh rtPMr. p m trrangmg tor WftC te eiw logriph pip manufadura pf aemt Tlw the uiUM*ny.

' mm mm- 74 *4 MAY 1974 n(\ ILLEGIBLE DOCUMENT Occupational Acroosteolysis II.

Blejer Presented in part at the 15th annual Western In- dustrial Health Conference San Francisco October 1 1971 92 Source Selikoff et al.6 7 * US data not available but figure should be only slightly less than 11.1 + US data not available but these are rare causes of death in the general population al for tiall puri talc ficu mos mac asb of F Hea eval asb All . pera type pot / asb bio still con me mo asb dec esp hav Wit plet pre res ple inje anc of 1 Seli am Joul reviewed recently and succinctly by Wagner.8 In addition inhaled asbestos particles retained in lung tissues can be covered with a proteinaceous coating which produces a type of ferruginous body commonly termed asbestos body Talc - As shown in Table 2 Kleinfeld et al ,,demonstrated that talc miners and millers in Northern New York State have 3.4 times an excess mortality from lung and pleural carcinomas Such ex- cess was shown to be statistically * After Kleinfeld et al.9 + Number of deaths in a group divided by total deaths in same group x 100 * Gastrointestinal tract $ Difference not statistically significant # Difference statistically significant p = < 0.01 | Statistical analysis not done due to small number in group significant and appeared 20 years later than among asbestos insulation workers The New York investigators ascribed this difference in part to talc being less carcinogenic than asbestos without con- sidering the fact that talc deposits in the for milling are often chosen preferentially on the basis of how much impurity is present apparently because talc with larger purer grains is more dif- ficult to mill Also of note is that the most recent revision of the US Phar- macopeiadoes not specifically exclude asbestos as an impurity in its definition of pharmaceutical grade talc The World Health Organization in its 1971 re- northern part of that state contain much sulation workers of the 418 deaths ob- asbestos as we noted above No served from January 1 1943 to June 30 significant difference was found be- 1971 20 were due to bronchogenic tween the observed and expected mor- carcinoma 10 to cancer of the stomach colon and rectum and % to pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma tality from carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum among these talc workers.9 The asbestos forms used in the past by these workers were mostly chrysotile and amosite with possibly small amounts of crocidolite A known effect of talcs especially the fibrous variety is talcosis another of the many occupational lung fibroses Other toxic effects are the evaluation of food additives noted that asbestos is a contaminant in some talcs As a group the same asbestos in- sulation workers show about eight times production of granulomas in wounds and scars and intense mesothelial All of these are factors which make it im- an excess mortality from bronchogenic irritation with fibrosis and adhesion in perative to ascertain the mineralogical carcinoma Moreover asbestos in- the pleural and peritoneal cavities These type and purity of talcs in assessing their sulation workers who smoke have a 92- occurred often in the past due to the potential health effects fold risk of dying from bronchogenic car- operated tissues being contaminated cinoma as compared with men who with the talc used as dusting powder for neither smoke nor work with asbestos.7 and shed from surgical gloves use no h Toxic Effects Thus this type of occupational asbestos longer recommended Likely for similar 4 Asbestos - Different forms of inhalation exposure points to another ef- reasons the Kaiser Foundation Hospital asbestos appear to have different fect of asbestos that of a cocarcinogen in Los Angeles discontinued the use of biological effects These differences are The asbestos group minerals have the talcum powders for any inpatient use still too incompletely understood and added toxic effect of fibrogenicity which A bizarre new and serious talc effect is complex to be discussed here except as results in Asbestosis the known that of pulmonary intravascular mentioned briefly below Nevertheless it occupational lung fibrosis due to granulomas with vascular thrombosis can be stated that carcinogenicity is the chronic inhalation overexposure Pleural and sclerosis leading to pulmonary most serious toxic effect of the various asbestos group minerals In the last few decades in particular these substances especially some types of crocidolite plaques and calcifications as well as the less known asbestos corns or warts of the skin among workers handling such materials hypertension due to intravenous injection of containing oral tablets and adulterated substances in drug misuse have been occupationally associated with greatly excessive incidence of pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas previously extremely infrequent cancers As mentioned toxicological effects of different forms of asbestos appear to be different For example as compared with chrysotile exposure to the amphiboles is Inhaled fibrous talc particles can also be changed by cells in the lung into another type of ferruginous body which some call talc bodies in humans.4 Moreover a number of generally more likely to produce researchers have experimentally induced asbestosis and bronchogenic carcinoma pleural mesotheliomas after intrapleural injection of various forms of asbestos and demonstrated the neoplastic nature Also inhalation of crocidolite pecially of some types with shorter finer fibers as measured by electron Hygienic Work Standards Asbestos _ For 1972 the Committee of those tumors As shown in Table 1 microscopy to produce more on Threshold Limit Values for Airborne Selikoff et al6 recently reported that among a cohort of 632 asbestos in- mesotheliomas than other amphiboles and chrysotile This subject was Contaminants of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Journal of Occupational Medicine 15 No.

I Direct contact causing tissue damage only, rcsult- mg from a thermal or chemical burn, is classified as an injury, not an illness case.) 2) Dust Diseases of the Langs (Pneumoconioses)--Examples: Sili cosis, asbcsloMs, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, byssinosis, and other pneumoconioses. 3) Respiratory< Conditions Dae to Toxic Agents--Examples: Pneu monitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis or acute congestion due to chemicals, dusts, gases, or fumes; farmer's lung; etc. 4) Poisoning (Systemic Effects of Toxic Materials) -- Examples: Poi soning by lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, or other metals, poisoning by carbon monoxide, hydrogen sul fide or other gases; poisoning by benzol, carbon tetrachloride, or other organic solvents; poisoning-by insecticide sprays such as parathion, lead arsenate; poisoning by other chemicals such as formaldehyde, plastics and resins, etc.; 5) Disorders Due to Physical Agents (Other Than Toxic Mate rials)--Examples: Heatstroke, sun stroke, heat exhaustion and other effects of ~ environmental heat; freezing, frostbite and effects of exposure toTow temperatures; cais son disease; effects of ionizing radiation (isotopes, X-rays, radium); effects of "nonionizing radiation (welding flash, ultraviolet rays, microwaves, sunburn), etc.; 6) Disorders Associated With Re peated Trauina--Examples: Noiseinduccd hearing loss; synovitis, tenosynovitis, and bursitis; Ray naud's phenomena; and other con ditions due to repented motion, vibration, or pressure. 7) All Other Occupational Ill nesses--Examples: Anthrax, brucel losis. infectious hepatitis, malignant and benign tumors, food poisoning, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, etc.

Is on the livar--possibly leading to atrophy, followed by death..

SPECIALTY VINYL CHLORIDE RESIN PROCESSES EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS R.

Thus a minor failure can lead to a major station outage.

iioqsahto ' *** >-octioi.i OATE UBJCCT OCrcnEHCE TO N.