TO: All Safety Supervisors Copies: P.

@1 fel O0 Industrial Hygiene Digest April. 196( 361 Electrical Inquiries.

'1 k *7=3 =3 ESI U------- u C=3 INDUSTRIAL Hygiene Features Abst.

I* Industrial Hygiene Digest Solvent(3) ethanol potentiation of halogenated 469 Space flight changes in blood serotonin level in animals oculomotor activity in cosmonauts Strontium-90 metabolism in rats uptake by field crops 493 440 491 494 Telephone men, respiratory disorders 443 Tetanus effect of vitamin on immunogenesis 450 program for prevention 451 Tick paralysis 449 Toxicology, dangerous properties of industrial materials (bk. rev.) 430 Ultraviolet radiation hygienic information guide (bk. rev. ) 432 Water, requirements of human 486 Welding, guidelines for safe laser 509 May, 1966 03122149 28.

demic training in engineering In such cases, it is especially important that the safety pro fessional seek the advice and help of per sonnel within the company who are responsi ble for establishing engineering design cri teria and for setting up job procedures The ultimate objective of all the company's engineering personnel is to design equip ment and processes and to plan job proce- AN INJURY which may also be the source of FlC 4-2 -- An injury is significant because it points to its basic cause, which mav also be responsible lor oilier operating hindrances (shown at bottom of chart) Courtesy Hartford \ct tdent and Indemnity Co Unsafe acts, unsafe conditions In most industrial accidents, both an unsafe condition and an unsafe act are contributing factors In almost 80,000 work injuries re ported in Pennsylvania in 1960, an unsafe condition was identified as a contributing factor in 98 4 per cent of the nonfatal manu facturing cases In the same study, an un safe act was identified as a contributing factor in 98 2 pei cent of the nonfatal manufactunng cases It must be remembered that an unsafe con dition, in addition to being a direct cause of accidents in itself, often can lead people to perform unsafe acts Many times, an unsafe act is the result of poor machine design, in adequately planned methods, and other engineering deficiencies Thus, elimination of a hazard caused by an unsafe condition may also reduce the likelihood of injury from an unsafe act When an injury occurs, the unsafe condition is often not as glaringly evident as the unsafe act Unless a careful study is made of the accident, the corTectible physical hazard may escape notice Engineering tor safety, therefore, should have as it objectives both the elimination of hazardous conditions and the reduction of unsafe acts Machine Design dures so that exposure to injury is eliminated 01 controlled It is the safety professional's job to see that engineering personnel are acquainted with the particular hazards in volved and the methods of eliminating them The safety professional should be able to discuss with management and the various supervisors involved the conditions respon sible for accidents or potential accidents He might well remember that, m making his cor rective suggestions, he will be more success ful if he can demonstrate that an iniury is only one of many hindrances to efficient produc tion The safety professional who has the neces sary knowledge and skills for preventing accidents should be able to make recommen dations for effective use of the facilities at hand for more efficient as well as safer pro duction Machinery' ranks fourth as a source of dis abling work injuries, accounting for about 10 per cent of all such injuries Further pointing to the need for safe design of ma chines is the fact that they rank second as a source of permanent partial injuries, accord ing to N S C's Accident Facts The design of machinery and equipment is an evolutionary process It is always chang ing and dynamic, because design engineers constantly acquire wider experiences in the course of their everyday work These ex periences give them a broader scope and more initiative at the drawing board This initiative, however, will be disciplined by the practical consideration of designing the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and In dustry, Hamsburg, Pa Industrial Intones in Penn sylvania 1960 87

TABLE 15-A DISABLING ACCIDENTS FROM FALLS IN OFFICE WORK Kiefer Study--8,000 employees (a five-year study) In hallways and work areas, caused by running, slipping, tripping over wires, desk drawers, file cabinet drawers, etc From chairs Stairs Escalators or elevators Disabling Accidents Total 34 19 11 7 71 Days Lost 377 116 95 54 642 California Survey-1,000,000 employees (a one-year study) FALLS OR SUPS ON WALKING SURFACES Slippery surface Large object in path Uneven surface Small object (litter) m path Fainting, seizure Loss of balance m pushing/pulling object Surface condition not specified FALLS OR SUPS ON STAIRS OR STEPS Uneven surface Slippery surface Littered surface Condition unspecified FALLS OR SUPS FROM CHAIRS FALLS OR SUPS FROM ELEVATION Standing on office furniture (including chairs) While climbing ladders Other FALLS WHEN GETTING INTO OR ALIGHTING FROM ELEVATOR Disabling Accidents By Category Totals 941 245 164 105 55 30 14 326 384 133 15 5 231 192 76 31 24 21 10 mg personnel (other than clerical or admini strative), and certain stock, order, and in ventory clerks The California study did not cover employees of the Federal government, maritime workers, and railroad workers in interstate commerce Dr Kiefer's study, on the other hand, did include salespeople, claims adjusters, medical personnel, and supply and warehouse personnel Dr Kiefer's Equitable study covered approximately 8000 insurance company employees working in one building, about 5 per cent of whom were maintenance person nel Dunng the 1962-1966 period, die injury frequency rate was 2 6, and seventy rate was 15 for the office workers The average days charged per disabling injury was 5 9 These figures compare with a frequency of 1 6 found in the California study, and a fre quency of 0 5 for office workers of paper 375

The ruling states that 1 If the substance produced is highly toxic, the labeling must contain the word "Danger" and the statement "Poisonous gas formed when used to extinguish flame or on contact with heat " 2 If the substance produced is toxic, label ing must contain the word "Warning" or "Caution" and the statement "Dangerous gas formed when used to extinguish flame or on contact with heat " 3 Whether or not the substance produced is toxic or highly toxic, any fire extin guisher that, if used on an electrical fire, would be likely to cause electric shock must be labeled "Caution Do not use on electrical fires " All fire extinguishers producing toxic or highly toxic sub stances must also be labeled "Use in an enclosed place may be fatal" and "Do not enter area until well ventilated and all odor of chemical has disappeared " A product is "toxic" under the law if it has the capacity to cause personal injury to man through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the body surface A product is "highly toxic" if tests have shown that it produces death in test animals under con trolled conditions The above information is an amendment to the Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act published m the Federal Register, Vol 27, Apnl 5, 1962, p 3255 Miscellaneous equipment Wheeled equipment.

- 17 5.

HFM -003518 TABLE 3 Deaths among 17,800 asbestos insulation workers in the United States and Canada January 1,1967-January-.I-, 1977: Analysis ,by v duration from onset of employment Total man Man-yeart of observation 12.683 89,466 Before 20 years from onset Expected* Observed 12,061 77,389 20 or more yeers from onset Expected* Observed Total deaths, all causas 283.93 324 1477.01 1,946 Cancer, all sites 42.65 83 277.25 911 Lung cancer Pleural mesothelioma Peritoneal mesothelioma Cancer of esophagus Cancer of stomach CanpBr of colon-rectum Asbestosis 1Z03 .. ** 0.66 1.56 4.07 36 2 3 1 1 4 8 93.94 * ** 6.35 12.67 33.79 449 64 106 17 21 55 164 * Expected deaths are bated upon whfto malt age specific mortality data of the U.S.

n0 1 1 ______________ i MMflTff SHOf STiCIFICATIONS ..... 7 MOBIL Bronco 1966 11" x 2" Beoiix 3.7611 axle -"Before Sr. 7A 001" 10" a 3 1/1" Wxcner 2.18M axle -'Trom Ser. 172,001" 10*' X t l/t" Wl|Mf 3.3M axle 11** * 1 9/4" Beadtx 6 cyl. l i cyl. 2BB rsl.e2.E3) UFitTiA" "D cyl. 300(54,81,631 6 4. 8 cyl. me. 100(71), tecyi.

M.

fw ,H Mi:ti*<)i'<^i.sT.\.v l.m: I.vm'h.v.nti, Companv April 16, 1963 Mr.

Year 1964 1965 AMERICAN BRAKEBLOK DIVISION SALES TO NAPA ROANOKE PASSENGER CARS Cubic Inches 220,481 305,131 Dollars $ 12,100 16,651 Selling Price Per MCI $ 54.88 54.57 SCI 02158

Balkamp Weatherly 566 CATALOG NO.

Monsanto Chemical Company Texas City, Texas January 8, 1962 cc: General Oper.