General and Comfort Ventilation 2 The system must be able to throttle smoothly over the total range of turndown (which can be as much as 25 1) 3 Burner must be able to produce complete combustion of the fuel throughout the turn down range 4 Flame retention and stability must be maintained in high velocity flow of air So-called "line burners" are almost ex clusively used because they give uniform temperature distribution across the air stream Line burners are sectional burners available in a variety of shapes which are flanged so they can be bolted together into assemblies to fit the size and shape of the unit Air-gas proportional' and premixing equipment is required, as is a positive flame retention fea ture A single flame failure or combustion safeguard device is usually satisfactory, as is a single gas pilot for ignition The widerange type line burner was developed espe cially to meet the needs of air heating as it utilizes oxygen from the stream of air being heated to supplement that provided m the primary air-gas mixture in order to extend the range of turndown to the 25 1 figure re quired Be sure that heater manufacturer's recommendations arc followed in installa tion, especially with regard to velocity of air flow across burner Steam Where excess steam capacity is available, use of steam coils or finned heaters should be considered carefully as steam heaters are relatively simple, inexpensive, easily maintained, and require no combus tion safety equipment Precautions which must be taken when using steam include 1 Avoid long heating coils These may give uneven temperature distribution from side to side in the duct as the steam supply is throttled over the wide range of turndown required (20 1 to 25 1) 2 Protect against freezeup Outside air at subfireezing temperatures can be drawn over the heating coils 3 Consider use of oil- or gas-fired tempenng air heaters ahead of steam coils to reduce load during extreme low-temperature weather (which can already put a maxi mum heating load on boilers) It is important that a qualified ventilation engineer be consulted References American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Committee on Industrial Ventila tion, PO Box 453, Lansing, Mich 48902 Industrial Ventilation--A Manual of Recom mended Practice, 9th ed 1966 American Cas Association, 420 Lexington Ave , New York, NY A Complete Guide to Direct Gas-Fired Heating of Process Makeup Air 1961 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 345 East 47th St, New York, N Y Guide and Data Book, `Fundamentals and Equipment' (Issued annually ) Bedford, T Environmental Warmth and Its Measurement Medical Research Council War Memorandum No 17 1946 Belding.
refid# ymejjYmDXx7nQkgrEZrjXKJE1 page
lerence ol Coveinment.il Industrial H>gienists, PO Box 453, Lansing, Mich 48902 1968 Plant and Process Ventilation, 2nd ed , bv W Hemeon Industrial Press, Inc , New York, N Y 10016 1963 Journals and magazines AM A Archives of Environmental Health American Medical Association, 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, III 60610 Pub lished monthlv Amcruan Industrial Hygiene Association Journal American Industrial Hygiene Association, 25711 Southfield Rd, Southfield, Mich 48075 Published bimonthlv Chemical Abstracts, "Toxicology, Air Pol lution, and Industrial Hygiene" Section American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth St NW, Washington, D C 20036 Pub lished monthlv Industrial Hygiene Digest Industrial Hy giene Foundation of America, 5231 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa 15213 Published monthly Industrial Hygiene News Report Flournoy & Associates, 1845 W Morse Ave , Chicago, 111 60626 Published monthly Industrial Medicine it Surgery Industrial Medicine Publishing Co , P O Box 546, Kendall Station, Miami, Fla 33156 Pub lished monthly Journal of Occupational Medicine Indus trial Medical Association, 55 E Washington St .Chicago,111 60602 Pubhshedmonthly National Safety News National Safety Coun cil, 425 N Michigan Ave , Chicago, III 60611 Published monthlv References American Public Health Association, 1790 Broadway, New York, N Y ` Repor* (Joint) for the Committee on Pneumoconiosis and the Committee on Standard Practices in Compensation ol Occupational Diseases," Year Book, 1933 Dunn, hail L Cataract From Inlrared Ravs (Class Worker's Cataract) ' Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Industrial Medicine, 1 166-180 (February 1950) Elkins, H B Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, 2nd ed New York, N Y , John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1954 Irish Don D "Monitoring the Environment and Judging Its Significance," National Safety Congress Transactions, 12 138, 1966 Lake, lames W "Anticipating or Recognizing the Hazard," National Safety Congress Transac tions, 12 136, 1966 Max>, Kenneth F , editoi Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 8"1 ed New York, N Y , Appleton-Centurv-Ciolts, 1956 Ohshiiski.
refid# n94kLKXdnaV0N8YwvkQB8kQKz1 page
Nuclear Energy Materials Handling Manual Helm's Express, Inc, P O Box 268, Pittsburgh, Pa O'Kelley, C D Detection and Measurement of Nuclear Radiation Washington, D C , U S Department of Commerce, Office of Technical Services, 1962 Public Health Service, U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Radiological Health, rev 1960 RCA Service Company, Inc , Division of Radio Corporation of America, Cherry Hill, Camden, N J Atomic Radiation 1957 Seaborg's `Tables of Isotopes " Reviews of Modem Physics, 30, no 2 (part II) (April 1958 ) United Nations, Department of Public Information Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radtatton U N General Assembly Official Records 17th Session Supplement No 16 (A/5216) 1962 U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D C 20402 The Nature of Radioactive Fallout and Its Effects on Man 1957 Radiation Hazards in Firefighting AEC Safety & Fire Protection Tech Bulletin No 4, 1955 1507
refid# 5JJjMYL6rE81rVL8r9E9YqOV1 page
Industrial Noise Oims Media An inflammation and in fection of the middle ear Otologist A physician who has spe cialized in surgery and diseases of the ear Otosclerosis Hardening of the ear caused by a growth of bony tissue about the foot plate of the stapes and the oval window of the inner ear It results m a gradual loss of hearing Surgery can often correct this Paracusis Willisii The sensation of a deafened person indicating that he can hear better in a noisy area Pitch That attribute of auditory sensa tion in terms of which sounds may be ordered on a scale extending from low to high Pitch depends primarily upon the frequency of the sound stimulus, but it also depends upon the sound pressure and wave form of the stim ulus Power level The level, m decibels, is 10 times the logarithm to the base 10, of the ratio of a given power to a reference power The reference power must be indicated Presbycusis The hearing loss due to age It is believed by some to be the degen eration of the nerve cells due to the ordinary wear and tear of the ageing process Psychogenic deafness That originat ing in or produced by the mental reaction of an individual to his physical or social en vironment It is sometimes called functional deafness or feigned deafness Recruitment The condition m which an individual perceives an abnormallv rapid increase m loudness as the sound pressure goes up It is usually characteristic of severe sensorineural deafness Response The motion of a device or system (or other output) resulting from an excitation (stimulus) under specified con ditions Reverberation The persistence of sound in an enclosed space, as a result of mul tiple reflections after the sound source has stopped Sensorineural deafness Nerve deaf ness or the lack of sensitivity of the auditory mechanism in the cochlea or paralysis of the acoustic nerve This was formerly called inner ear impairment or perceptive deafness Semicircular canals The special organs of balance that are closely associated with the hearing mechanism and the eighth cranial nerve Simple tone (pure tone)-(a) A simple tone is a sound wave, the instantaneous sound pressure of which is a simple sinusoidal func tion of the time, (b) a simple tone is a sound sensation characterized by its singleness of pitch Single frequency screening test A fast method of rechecking hearing acuity using the 4000 Hz frequency The meas ured value of the threshold at 4000 Hz up to 50 dB can be considered an upper limit for any threshold shift that might have occurred at other lower frequencies Sone A unit of loudness By definition, a simple tone of frequency 1000 Hz, 40 dB above a listener's threshold, produces a loud ness of 1 sone The loudness of any sound that is judged by the listener to be n times that of the 1-sone tone is n sones Sound An oscillation m pressure, stress, particle displacement, particle velocity, etc , which is propagated in an elastic material, in a medium with internal forces (e g , elastic, viscous), or the super-position of such prop agated oscillations Sound is also the sen sation produced through the organs of hear ing--usually bv vibrations transmitted in a material medium, commonly air Sound absorption The change of sound energy into some other form, usually heat, in passing through a medium or on striking a surface In addition, sound absorption is the property possessed by materials and ob jects, including air, of absorbing sound energy Sound analyzer A device for measur ing the band-pressure level or pressurespectrum level of a sound as a function of frequency SOUND level \ weighted sound pres sure level, obtained by the use of metering characteristics and the weighting A, B, or C specified in ASI SI 4-1961 The weight ing employed must always be stated The reference pressure is 0 0002 microbar Sound level meter and octave band ANALYZER Instruments for measuring 1520
refid# JvRRnOG1Oagz5Qv3OB9BDw9zZ1 page
Index Programs industrial hygiene, see Industrial hygiene, programs public relations, 200-215 safety activities selection, 33, 167-170 award-winning, 34 contractor, 424--426 motor vehicle, 1539-1553 objectives, 9, 32 organizing, 23-24 reasons for, 166-167 Projected visual aids, 236-239 Props, forging hammer ram, 837-838, 841 Propyl acetate, 1369 Propvl alcohol 1369 Propylene, 1370 Propylene oxide, 1370 Protection, plant, see Industrial plant protection Protective coatings, 1427-1428, ladder, 438 Protective creams and lotions, 1290 Protective frames, vehicular, 1560-1561 Protective lighting, 406 Proteins, 1428 Proton, 1438 Psycho-acoustics, 1511-1512 Psychology and safety, 18, 122-123, 1547-1548 Psychosocial needs, 129 Public address systems, 196,229, 240 Public employee safety organization, 31 Public Health Service, 342-347, 1206-1212,1258, 1295 Public relations, 200-215 basics, 203-211 bulletin board use, 253-254 during emergencies, 1139 internal, 201-202 publicity contest, 183-184 newspaper, 183 radio, 207, 240 Publications company, 211-214 safety, 194-195 Publicity, see Public relations Pull-back devices, 712-713 Pulleys, guarding of, 678 Pumice, 1370 Pump houses, flammable liquid, 1028 Pumps chemical, 518 fire, 1133 Purchasing, 96-100 industrial hygiene program, 1287, 1292 office equipment, 384 Purification, water, 1210-1211 Pushbutton switches, 682, 727, 736, 783, 980, 983 Push-pull ventilation, 866 Pyramid, fire, 1060 Pyrethrum, 1370 Pyridine, 1370 Q "Q fever," 1270 Q switched lasers, 1498-1500 Q-value, 1438 Quality control, 70-82, 1251, 1451 Quartz-iodine lamps 408 Quinone, 1370 R Rabbit (radiation), 1438 Rad, definition, 1439, 1446-1447 Radar frequencv inspection, 828-829 Radial saws, 791-792 Radiation Control of Health and Safety (Act of 1968), 1494-1495 Radiation, ionizing, see Ionizing radiation Radiation, nonionizing, effect on man, 1263, 1266-1267 Radioactive isotopes, 1302, 1428, 1439, 1454-1455 Radioactive materials definition, 1439 metals, 1455 radiochemicals, 1428 Radioactivity, 1428 concentration guide, 1460 Radiochemistry, 1439 Radiography, industrial, 829, 1450-1475 see also specific equipment Radiological Health, Bureau of, 345 Radionuclide, 1439, 1444-1446, 1452-1455, 1459 Radium, 1439 radiation intensity 1473 shielding, 1476-1479 Railings and toeboards, 672-675 Railroads clearances, 603, 805 moving cars, 605-608, 807 plant, 602-608 sidings, 394 Rakes, 959 Rale, 1325 Ramps construction, 411 shipping and receiving, 524-525 Range hoods, kitchen, 891-893 Rare earths, 1428 Rash (skm), 1325 Rates diffusion, 1011 injury, 254-266 Reaction, chemical, definition, 1424 Reactivity hazards NFPA definitions, 1062, 1389-1390 table of, 1395-1421 Reactor, nuclear, 1439 poisons, 1438 Reagent, 1428 1646
refid# roxmNYkMJdewyxv4wpz2NmG01 page