Document zvEK3JNqqQwRmYZg7Qy0DqO7

AROCLORS AS AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS J. M. Magner CONFIDENTIAL April l, 1957 OD 1149 DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION 0046090 PCB-ARCH0043485 ym P. G. Benignus 2. 0. DeGarmo 3. L. H. Hannah 4. C. A. Hochwalt 5. P. F. HOffman 6. H. C. Koehler 7. J. H. Lum 8. K. E. Maxwell 9. M. S. McCauley 10. W. P. Metzner L. V. Sherwood CM CM $ DISTRIBUTION k 12. G. W. Steahly 13. M. C. Throdahl 14. 0. J. Weinkauff 15. F. B. Zienty 16. Research Library 17. 00 19. o CM 21. i--1 H INTRODUCTION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ONLY: 23. J. L. Hammer 24. A. P. Kroeger 25. C. H. Sommer OOAfaO^^PCB-ARCH0043486 AROCLORS AS AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS OD Report 1149 Page I. INTRODUCTION............................................. 1 II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................. 2 III. RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................... 3 IV. DISCUSSION . . .. ................................... 4 A. T o x i c o l o g y ............................................ 4 B. Competitive P r o d u c t s ...................... 4 C. Development Status .................................... 4 1. P a t e n t s ............................................ 4 2. Commercial Formulations . . . . ..................... 4 3. Use R e s u l t s .............. ......................... 5 V. APPENDIX.............................. ...................13 A. Aroclor Agricultural Sales - Table 1 13 B. List of Pesticides Referredto in T e x t .....................14 C. Reference.0 ............................................... 15 0046092 PCB-ARCH0043487 AROCLORS AS AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS I. INTRODUCTION Aroclors have found wide acceptance as versatile compounds in elec trical and other industries. More recently, an interest developed in using Aroclors with agricultural chemicals to increase the residual effectiveness of pesticides, especially, insecticides and as solvents. (11, 33A, 38, 40, 49) The first experimental work combining Aroclors with insecticdes which received wide publicity was conducted by the U. S. Department of Agri culture in an attempt to develop improved residues for use in treating military air craft. (11, 15, 38, 39) The insecticide formulations presently in use for this purpose as listed by the Department of Agriculture are objectionable for the following reasons: (27) a. Volatile deposits evaporate too rapidly. b. Crystalline deposits mar appearance and may be readily removed mechanically or by weathering. c. On porous surfaces there may be a rapid loss of toxicity through sorption. Prior to the U.S.D.A. announcement in 1952, which credited Aroclors with greatly prolonging the residual life of Lindane in laboratory tests for fly control, there had been flurries of interest in 1948 for the use of Aroclors in combination with livestock pest insecticides (DDT), (50); in 1949 for soil insect control; in 1950 as miticides (3); and in 1952 as rodenticides. (39, 68) Without awaiting field proof, several Aroclor-insecticide formulations appeared on the market. Large potentials were envisioned for Monsanto if these benefits could be extrapolated to prolong the residual life of pesticides in agriculture generally. After the U.S.D.A. news re lease of September 30, 1952, interest in testing the Aroclors was ex pressed by thirty-seven experiment stations and three insecticide formulators. (Table 1) To clarify these potentials, Monsanto embarked upon an extensive cooperator testing program. This report summarizes results of these studies which are mostly dis appointing. I ; 0046093 PCB-ARCH0043488 -2- II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS It was learned that: 1. One or two formulators were already using Aroclors as formula tion adjuvants (possibly auxiliary solvents) in certain pro prietary insecticidal products--accouting for total sales of approximately 135,000 pounds of Aroclors to date. 2. Even though Aroclors themselves exhibit bioactivity, they are generally unsatisfactory as pesticides per se. 3. Aroclors significantly extend the residual life only of highly volatile insecticides, then only when applied on hard, smooth surfaces, such as glass, metal or paint (very small potential). 4. Any potential for Aroclors in agricultural pesticide formula tions would be small and varied. 5. The use of Aroclors in proprietary formulations would necessi tate extensive toxicological and residue studies for U.S.D.A.F.D.A. registration to conform to the requirements of the Miller Pesticide Residue Amendment. 0046094 PCB-ARCH0043489 -3- III. RECOMMENDATIONS Drop further efforts to utilize Aroclors as pesticides or pesti cide adjuvants except for minimum cooperator liaison of studies already underway to further clarify the following potentialities which would not involve financial support by Monsanto: 1. Termite control via soil treatment. 2. Mammal repellent. 3. Seed treatment adjuvant. 0046095 PCB-ARCH0043490 -4- IV. DISCUSSION A. Toxicology Registration of Aroclors for agricultural use would require furnishing supporting toxicological data to the U. S. Depart ment of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration -costing Monsanto not less than $30,000 for two-year chronic toxicity feeding tests. The Monsanto data presently avail able covers only sub-acute inhalation studies (21, 32, 57 and 58), preliminary feeding data and skin patch tests but does not include information on exposure of spray operators apply ing agricultural pesticides. (31) B. Competitive Products There are at least 60 known adjuvants for use with pesticides listed in the 1956 Pesticide Handbook (19A). All claim to increase adhesive qualities of formulations by increasing the residual life of pesticidal sprays. In general, stickers have never been "proven" and are usually placed in formulations as sales gimmicks. Their use appears not to be based on reliable data but on theory. The low cost of some stickers such as blood, casein, flour, etc., permits their addition to spray formulations or finished sprays at low cost to the grower and have been used in spite of the fact that they may or may not increase the effective ness of spray materials. The market is limited, competitive and one in which the research and development requirements at this time are greater than the foreseeable returns warrant. C. Development Status 1. Patents Monsanto's basic patents on the Aroclors have expired, but no other producers have entered the market. Monsanto holds three use patents and has made two additional applications. An English patent on the use of Aroclor 1248 as a DDT sol vent issued in 1946, and the U. S. Department of Agriculturd' and Ethyl Corporation have filed applications on the use of" Aroclors with halogenated organic insecticides. 2. Commercial Formulations Soilserv (Calco) are using Aroclor 1254 (1260 during 1954) in their Metaphos 50 (parathion and methyl parathion com- 00460% PCB-ARCH0043491 -5- binatlon) formulation. This formulation contains 9.5 percent parathion, 36.5 percent methyl parathion and 54.0 percent "Special Emulsifier". The emulsifier contains Aroclor 1254 at an undetermined ratio. Since Soilserv claims to have an advantage over other formulations offered in the Salinas Valley, they do not wish to reveal this information to Monsanto. They claim excellent lengthened residual results for the control of aphids and mites on artichokes, beets, celery, cole crops, green beans, lettuce and spinach; aphids, Lygus bugs, leafhoppers, spider mites and white fly on carrots, lima beans, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes and turnips and aphids (including spotted alfalfa aphid), grasshoppers, leafhoppers, spider mites and thrips on alfalfa, field peas, small grain and vetch, but no experimental data are available. (11A) Agriform Company at El Centro, California, has offered "Synervator" containing 54% Aroclor 1254 with heavy Velsicol solvents since 1953 to suppress volatility of insecti cides even though reports have been received that its effectiveness was questionable. This formulations is said to be useful in desert areas. Aroclor 5460 is reported to be used by Agriform in insecticidal dust formulations. (20B) None of the above are endorsed or recommended by Monsanto 3. Use Results a. Bactericides Laboratory test results obtained by Organic Research indicated that of 14 Aroclors tested, none were effec tive bactericides. Aroclor 1262, 5442, and 5460 showed activity against Micrococcus pyogenes which is the most susceptible of the organisms used in the test. (51) b. Fungicides Nine Aroclors have been tested for fungicidal activity and found to be ineffective in spore tests against Stemphylium sarcinaeforme and Monilinia fructicola; leaf-rust of wheat; fusarium wilt of tomato; damping-off organisms and grey leaf-spot of tomato. (23A) c. Herbicides Of four Aroclors (1242, 1254, 1262, and 5442) tested as herbicides, none were effective. 0046097 PCB-ARCH0043492 -6- d. Insecticides (1) Monsanto Tests: Laboratory and greenhouse tests for control of insects and mites by Organic Research have indicated low de gree activity of Aroclors insufficient to be of value in their own right at economical and nonphytotoxic rates. (19, 36) Emulsifiable concentrates containing equal parts (127.) of lindane or parathion and Aroclors 1248, 1254, or 5460 used to treat young and old cabbage plants and eggplants in the field for control of aphids, cabbage worms, thrips, tortoise beetles and mites resulted in no observable advantage to the combinations containing Aroclors. Combinations of parathion and Aroclor 5460 at a 1:1 ratio applied to glass surfaces in the laboratory showed the combination in residual tests to be about half as effective against Tribolium confusum as para thion alone. At a ratio of 1:2 there was no indica tion of residual toxicity. . It was concluded from these tests combining lindane and parathion with Aroclors conducted in the green house and outdoors that only small increases in mor tality could be demonstrated for the Aroclor-insecticide combinations compared to the insecticides alone. Aroclors had an apparent masking effect on parathion preventing insect contact with the toxicant. (66 and 67) Two samples of DDVP (0,0-Diraethyl 0-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate) and two of-DDVP plus Aroclor 5460 formulated by the U. S. D. A. were tested by Organic Research. While not effective against Mexican bean beetle or southern armyworm larvae, the addition of Aroclor indicated increased effectiveness of sevenday-old residues over the straight DDVP.(37, 41, and 42) However, the benefits were not sufficient to be of commercial significance. (2) State Experiment Stations, et al CALIFORNIA Evaluations were made by the University of California involving 650 individual tests against Drosophila 0046096 PCB-ARCH0043493 - 7- melanogaster (Vinegar fly) with thirteen insecti cides alone, as wettable powder or entulsifiable formulations and in combination with various Aroclors. (20) No advantage could be demonstrated using Aro clors with Aldrin, American Cyanamid 3911, (o,o-diethylS-ethylmercaptomethyl dithiophosphate), Chlordane, Diazinon, (o,o-diethyl-o-2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidyl thiophosphate), DDT, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Lindane, Malathion, Parathion, or TEPP. Aroclors improved the residual activity of DDVP and Lethane neither of which offers a potential of interest to Monsanto. It was demonstrated that Aroclors were good solvents for Chlordane. However, the primary producers of Chlor dane (Velsicol) have their own solvents. Tests conducted at two locations by the University of California did not confirm results obtained by the U. S. D. A. In these tests, the addition of Aroclor (100 mg/sq. ft.) to DDVP (10 mg./sq. ft. to plywood panels) did not give any practical increase in effectiveness. On 48-hour-old residues, both treat ments resulted in zero knockdown of houseflies. (45) Tests with parathion with apd without Aroclors for control of olive scale on olives conducted by the University of California during 1953 indicated a slight advantage to formulations containing Aroclors. No differences were noted when the tests were repeated in 1954. Deposits of parathion were slightly less on grapes treated at 1 pound of parathion (25% w.p.) plus one-half pound of Aroclor 1254 per 100 gallons of water than with parathion-oil emulsion sprays. (53) Moyer Chemical Company at San Jose, California, con ducted tests using Aroclor with malathion for control of houseflies around dairy barns and reported residual activity for more than four weeks compared to one week with malathion alone. No detailed data is available on this test. (44) CONNECTICUT Tests conducted with Aroclor 1232, 1242, 1248 and 4465 at the Connecticut Experiment Station showed that the first three listed gave 97-100 percent kill of the 2-spotted spider mite at 1 percent concentration but all were phytotoxic. Aroclor 4465 was not phytotoxic but did not give mite control. (3) 0046099 PCB-ARCH0043494 MISSOURI Tests conducted at the University of Missouri indi cated Diazinon-Aroclor (1:1) had a longer residual against houseflies in applications to dairy barns than Diazinon - alone, but at the same ratio with Bayer L 13/59 results were negative. (70) ARKANSAS In preliminary evaluation 20% lindane-20% Aroclor mixtures applied to cattle appeared to have promise against horn, house and stable flies and against lone star ticks in tests conducted during 1954. (34) NEW JERSEY Field tests in New Jersey where dairy barns were sprayed for housefly control with emulsifiable formu lations at 2 gallons per 100 gallons of water contain ing 25% Diazinon and 25% Aroclor 5460, results were equal to Diazinon alone. (23) Unless longer residual action or a reduction in the quantity of toxicant used can be demonstrated, the addition of Aroclor cannot be justified. NEW MEXICO Small plot tests in New Mexico with 12.5% DDVP plus 507. Aroclor 5460 in xylene emulsion showed some pro- mise for alfalfa aphid control. (22) However, DDVP either with or without Aroclors does not appear competitive with other insecticides now in use. NEW YORK Tests against vegetable insects in New York using Aroclor-DDVP (4:1) were negative. TEXAS DDVP with and without Aroclor at 0.25 to 0.75 pound per acre did not control boll weevil, bollworm or pink bollworm in Texas. In most laboratory tests the addition of Aroclor resulted in long lasting residual effectiveness of DDVP and gave good control of cotton aphid and spider mites during 1955. (30) WASHINGTON Tests using DDVP and parathion with and without Aro clor 5460 for control of root maggots on rutabagas in Washington proved ineffective. (29) 0046100 - 9- WISCONSIN Two samples of DDVP prepared by Monsanto and formulated with Aroclor 5460 (1:1) and applied at 25 mg./ sq. ft. demonstrated in housefly tests conducted by Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation that the addi tion of Aroclor increased the residual effectiveness on glass surfaces to at least 30 days. In another test, one of the samples continued to give complete kill after the residues had. aged for two months. (52) (3) U. S. Departments of Agriculture and Health, Educa tion and Welfare Since the first report via a press release from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, many small scale laboratory tests and field tests have been conducted using Aroclor 5460 with insecticides by Federal and State Agencies, some of which have been reported in the literature and others in confidential reports received from the U. S. D. A. (6, 8, 9, 24, 25 and 26) Their results show that Aroclors with volatile insec ticides such as lindane, DDVP and Diatinon increase the residual life of the insecticides applied to smooth surfaces only. (3, 6, 8, 9, 24-26, 28, 30, 33, 34, 46, 48, 49, 54, 55, 59-63, 73, 75-80, 82-86.) e. Molluscacides Three Aroclors -- 1232, 1242, and 1248 -- were tested as control chemicals in laboratory tests against Oncomelania nosophora the snail hose of Schistosoma taansoni in Japan. None were as effective as Santobrite. (47) f. Nematocides Monsanto tests conducted by treating soil in pots and small field plots using Aroclor 1242 at 1, 2 and 4 grams per sq. ft. and worked thoroughly to depth of 4 to 6 inches did not control nematodes and other soil pests. (64 and 65) Ten Aroclors were tested by Organic Research for their effectiveness as nematocides in laboratory experiments and were found inactive. 004b PCB-ARCH0043496 -10- g* Rodent Repellents A series of especially prepared Aroclors were tested by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and were found to be effective rodent repellents. (68) Extensive tests by the Fish and Wildlife Service with formulation 96-A using a combination of Aroclor 1254 and 5460, ethylene dichloride; asphalt emulsion; copper sulfate and calcium sulfate have demonstrated utility in the use of Aroclors in deer repellent foliage and trunk sprays. (39) At the present the total market for mammal repellents is only a few thousand pounds per year. For use as trunk and foliage sprays to repel deer, porcupines, etc., toxicological data would not be required and therefore sales could now be encouraged among formulators. For use in boxboard manufacture, toxicological data would be required by Food and Drug Administration before use in rodent repellent formulations. The total poten tial rodent repellent market is large, in the range of 10,000,000 pounds active ingredient per year if all bags and boxboard were treated. However, container manufac turers have not, due to increased cost, seen fit to treat bags and boxes with rodent repellents regardless of their effectiveness. h. Seed Treating (1) Monsanto Small plot tests were conducted during May, 1949 by Monsanto using Aroclor 1242 alone on lima bean seed. A 10% Aroclor 1242 dust was applied to seed in one test and in a second test at the rate of 2-4 grams per square foot worked into the top 4 inches of surface soil. No improvement in germination was noted in treated plots over untreated. Treated seed resulted in lower germination than soil treatment or no treatment. In all cases, ungerminated seeds were infected with nematodes, wireworms, psocids, and corn-root maggots. (65) 0046102 PCB-ARCH0043497 i -11- (2) University of California In greenhouse tests in sterile soil at 1.33 ounces of 75 percent lindane (1 ounce actual) per 100 pounds of lima bean seed, severe injury occurred, and at 2 ounces, very severe injury. / A formulation containing 25 percent lindane and 25 percent Aroclor 5460 applied to give 1 and 2 ounces of actual lindane per hundred pounds of seed resulted in very little if any injury. Aroclor 5460 alone at 8 ounces showed no injury. (43) / / \/ (3) Ethyl Corporation Aroclor 5460-lindane (1:1) at 1 and 4 ounces of actual lindane per 100 pounds of wheat or corn seed showed less injury to seedlings than lindane alone. (13) (4) Iowa Experiment Station Tests conducted with Ethyl's Aroclor-lindane for mulation produced results superior to Geigy's 25 percent lindane seed treatment formulation in germination and total emergence. (12) i. Soil Sterilants Soil sterilization tests conducted in 1949 with corn planted in pots in the greenhouse and field plots with Aroclor 1242 and 1260 showed some specificity for grasses, Aroclor 5060 indicated slight specificity for broadleaved plants at high rates. At the two higher rates, Aroclor 1242 treated corn plants showed injury immediately after germination, but those not killed immediately eventually outgrew discoloration and distortion. Plants in the Aro clor 1260 and 5060 plots grew taller and looked better than those in check plots. Three months after treatment, all grasses were elimi nated from Aroclor 1242 treated plots, 907. from Aroclor 1260, and all broadleaved plants from Aro clor 5060. 0046103 PCB-ARCH0043498 -12- Data obtained from these high rat.es of application indicated that the Aroclors tested were not as effective as Penta and Santobrite as herbicides or soil sterilants. (2 and 18) j. Wood Treating and Soil Poisons / (1) Monsanto Yellow pine stakes placed in soil treated with Aroclors at 1.2 ounces and 2.5 ounces in 2.5 ounces of kerosene per cubic foot indicated the possible utility of these compounds against termites but not against fungi. Stakes from Aroclor 1232 treated soil had a rating of good after seven years. Aroclor 1221 was not quite as effective as 1232. At the end of five years, in another test Aroclor 1242 was better than 12 or 1254, and 5442 had failed. (14 and 35) Aroclor 1260 provided good protection against termites in the Panama jungle. (17) A practical termite field test is established in Memphis to evaluate a water emulsifiable / formulation containing 49.38% Aroclor 1242, 49.38% trichlorobenzene, and 1.24% emulsifier. (Monsanto patent 2,588,318). Formulations of ^ this type containing Aroclor 5460 have been suggested to the termite control industry. (2) University of California Preliminary studies using Aroclors as termite repellents and toxicants show promise, but observations over a period of several years will be required to determine possible commer cial interest. The use of Aroclors for termite control pre sents an interesting potential alone or in combination with other materials as wood treat ing and soil poison chemicals. This could mean sales of several million pounds per year, pro vided tests now under way confirm early reports. 0046104 PCB-ARCH0043499 I 13- | v * APPENDIX 1 A. Table I AROCLOR AGRICULTURAL SALES k Company and Location i usDI Pocatello, Idaho USDI r Pocatello, Idaho l Apex Chemical Co. Apex, N. Carolina r Z L p Mfg. Co. [J Atlanta, Ga. Pest Fog Inc. r- Corpus Christi, Tex. f Mylan Inc. Minneapolis, Minn. Calco Ag .Co. FI Salinas, Calif. 0 Agriform Co. i El Centro, Calif. [ Agriform Co. Bakersfield, Calif. .Monarch Supply Co. h Milwaukee, Wis. ^Abach Insect Control McAllen, Tex. 1 Jeff. Co. Mosq. Cont. LJ Nederland, Texas Nar-Barr Distr. Charleston, 111. Lynde Co. St. Paul, Minn. Aroclor 5460 1254 5460 5460 5460 1262 1260 1254 1254 1254 1262 5460 5460 1154 5460 1953 600 Pounds Bought 1954 1955 1956 (through _ APr* 3) 375 500 375 675 5,600 26,000 41,200 600 23,400 33,000 4,000 2,500 600 / 1,000 4,800 600 250 375 500 500 100 Use Rodent Repellent Rodent Repellent Anti-blooming agent Anti-blooming agent Insecticide carrier Insecticide carrier Insecticide carrier Insecticide carrier Insecticide carrier Insecticide carrier With Lindane Insecticide carrier Insecticide carrier Tree Wound Dressing With Lindane Total 975 37,400 74,375 34,800 O0*t>l5 1 1_ POB-AROH0043500 C. List of Pesticides Referred to in Text 1. Aldrin - 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-l,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro1:4, 5:8-dimethano naphthalene. 2. American Cyanamid 3911 - 0,0-diethyl-S-ethylmercapto methyl dithiophosphate. 3. Bayer L 13/59 - 0,0-Dimethyl 2:2:2-trichloro-l-hydroxyethylphosphonate (Dipterex). 4. Chlordane - 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro4:7-methanoindan. 5. DDT - 1:1:l-trichloro-2:2-di(-chlorophenyl)ethane. 6. DDVP - 0,0-Dimethyl 0-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) phosphate. 7. Diazinon - o,o-diethyl-o-2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidyl thiophosphate. 8. Dieldrin - l,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-l,4,4a,5,6,7,8, 8a-octahydro-1,4,5,8-dimethano naphthalene. 9. Heptachlor - l,4,5,6,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7a-tetrahydro-4,7endomethanoindene. 10. Lethane - beta-thiocyanoethy1 laurate. 11. Lindane - T-l: 2:3:4:5: 6 hexachlorocyclohexane. 12. Malathin - S-(l: 2-dicarbethoxyethyl)-0,0-dimethyl phoshporodithioate. 13. Methyl Parathion - 0,0-Dimethyl 0,-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate. 14. Parathion - 0,0-Diethyl 0,-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate. 15. Soilserv Metaphos 50 - 9.5% Parathion, 36.5% Methyl Parathion. 16. TEPP - Tetraethyl pyrophosphate. -14- QQhlOb PCB-ARCH0043501 C. References 1. Anonymous: 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. " 7. 8. 9. 10. " 11. " 11a. " / - 15- Aroclor Insecticide Report, Develop ment Department Notes 2:2, Sept. 12, 1955. Aroclors Used in Combination with Santophen 20 (Pentachlorophenol Technical) in the Preparation of WoodTreating Formulations and Soil Poisons, Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-141, Feb. 19, 1950. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Report, Sept. 8, 1948. Conference Report on Cotton Insect Re search and Control, Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 12-14, 1955.' Processed 70 pp. Hyperkeratosis Investigations Report, Ga. Coastal Plain Experiment Station and U. S. Bur. An. Industry, Aug.Sept., 1952. Longer Life, Chemical Week, Aug. 14, 1954. Preliminary and Unedited Excerpts taken from the Conference Report on Cotton Insect Research and Control, Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 12-14, 1955. Processed 19 pp. Terphenyls Extend Life of Insecticides, Ag. and Food Chem. 3:5 May, 1955. Time Lindane Retains Power to Kill Insects Doubled by Adding Resin, Chem. Proc., Dec., 1952. The Aroclors, Physical Properties and Sug gested Applications, Monsanto Bui. OP-115, 1955. U.S.D.A. Research Develops Lindane Spray Mixture with More Lasting Power to Kill, News Release, Sept. 30, 1952. Calco-Metaphos 50 label. 00*6107 PCB-ARCH0043502 t -16- 12. Anderson, V. E. and Terminal Report on the Ethyl Corpora J. H. Lilly: tion Fellowship in Zoology and Ento i: . mology at Iowa State College for the Period from June, 1954 to June, 1955, Received July 25, 1955. L m 13. Back, R. C.: Progress Report on a New Lindane Seed Treatment, Ethyl Corporation. Processed p 4 pp., Oct. 1, 1954. I 14. Benignus, F. G.: Water Emulsifiable Soil-Poison Concen [ 7. L 15. " trate, Processed May 26, 1949. Lindane Aroclor Combinations (memo) Nov. 20, 1952. L 16. " [ General Experiences with the Use of Aroclor with Particular Reference to Toxicology and Dermatology When the Material i& Used as a Plasticizer (memo) July 14, 1953. Li 17. Bultman, J. D., A Field Evaluation of Termite Repellents, R. N. Little and Navy Research Lab. Report 4620, 9 pp. J. M. Leonard: and figs=v Oct. 11, 1955. j 18. Carlyle, R. E.: Soil Sterilization Experiments (memos) May 4, 1949 and April 5, 1950. r -- 19. DeGarmo, 0.: Aroclor-Insecticide Combinations (memo) April 28, 1954. 19a. Frear, D. C. H.: Pesticide Handbook, 8th Ed., 1956. 20. Ebeling, W.: Aroclor Test Results (Reports), Oct. 13, L 19, 1955 and April 9, 1956. U... 20a. Ehlers, J. N.: Use of Aroclors with Parathion. Nov. 10, *' 1955. 21. Elkins, H. B.: The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, John Witry and Sons, Inc,, 1950. f L 21a. Ehrensing: Aroclors - In Agricultural Pesticides (memo) Aug. 24, 1953. pa p 22. Fye, R. E.: Yellow Clover Aphid Tests, (letter) Sept. 2, 1955. 00*6108 I PCB-ARCH0043503 -17 23. Hansens, E. J.: 23a. Hoffman, P. F.: 24. Hornsteln, I. and W. N. Sullivan: 25. 26. Ching-Hsi Tsao and A. H. Yeomans: 27. 28. and Ching-Hsi Tsao: 29. Howitt, A. J.: 30. Ivy, E. E.: 31. Kelly, R. E.: 32. Kelly, R. E.: 33. King, W. V.: 33a. Kirkpatrick, A.: 34. Lancaster, J. L.: 35. Linde, F. A.: 36. Ludvik, G. F.: Diazinon and Pirazinon in Fly Con trol, J. Econ. Ent. 48:3, 337. Fungicide Screening Report, 1955. Lindane-Chlorinated Polyphenyl In secticide Combinations, U.S.D.A. Processed 1 p., Nov. 3, 1952. The Role of Chlorinated Polyphenyls in Improving Lindane Residues, J. Econ. Ent., 46:6, 937-940, Dec., 1953. The Persistence of Lindane-Chlorinated Terphenyl Residues on Outdoor Foliage, J. Econ. Ent. 47:2, 332-335, 1954. Residual Insecticide Combinations, U.S.D.A. Processed 3 pp., Aug. 25, 1954. Residual Effectiveness of Mixtures of Organic Phosphorus Insecticides with Chlorinated Terphenyls, J. Econ. Ent. 48:4, 482-483, Aug., 1955. Carriers and Extenders - 1955, Washington Experiment Station, Confidential Report. Laboratory and Field Cage Tests with New Insecticides During 1954, Processed 30 pp. Aroclor Toxicity (memo) Jan. 13, 1953. Aroclor Toxicity (memo) April 1, 1953. Chemicals Evaluated as Insecticides and Repellents at Orlando, Florida, U.S.D.A. Handbook No. 69, 397 pp., May, 1954. Aroclors - A Survey of Uses and Products. OD-584, Oct. 18, 1937. Results against Flies with Lindane-Aroclor (letter and Report) Feb. 9, 1955. Wood Preservation Inspection Report, 1947, Dec. 3, 1947. Insecticide Screening Report, Oct. 4, 1954. 0046109 PCB-ARCH0043504 -18 37. Ludvik, G. F.: 38. Magner, J. M.: 39. 40. " 41. 42. 43. Maxwell, K. E.: 44. 45. 46. Mayer, E. L., R. N. Nelson and C. F. Woodward: 47. McMullen, D. B.: 48. pimente1, D., and J. W. Klock: 49. Richards, R.: 50. Rohwer, S. A.: 51. Roman, D. P.: Laboratory Evaluation of DDVP, CP 10394, 0,0-Dimethy1-0-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl) Phosphate (memo) Aug. 8, 1955. Aroclors (Call Report U.S.D.A.) Oct. 29, 1952. Animal Repellents (Call Report U.S.F. and W.S.) Aug. 21, 1953. Insecticides (Call Report U.S.D.A.) Nov. 19, 1953. DDVP (2,2-Dimethyl dichlorovinyl phos phate) (Call Report U.S.D.A.) Mar. 17, 1955. DDVP (memo) May 2, 1955. Aroclors with Lindane as Seed Treat ment, Univ. of Calif., Dec. 29, 1954. DDVP-Aroclor (memo) Oct. 4, 1955. Aroclor-Malathion Combination (memo) Sept. 9, 1955. Nicotine Insecticides. Part VII Search for Synergists (Cont.) Series #-836, 10 pp., March, 1952. Molluscacide Laboratory Tests Against Oncomelania nosophora the Snail Host of Schistosoma, 406th Med. Lab., Tokyo, Japan, Report 1950. Disinsectization of Aircraft by Resi dual Deposits of Insecticides, Am. J. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 3:1, 191-194, Jan., 1954. An Emulsifiable Concentrate for Pyrethrum and Similar Insecticides. In Press. Test Results with Aroclors (letter) Mar. 24, 1949. Microbiological Screening Report, Aug. 4, 1955. 00*6110 PCB-ARCH0043505 -19 52. Schmolesky, G. E.: 53. Stafford, E. M.: 54. Sullivan, W. N. and I. Hornstein: 55. " A. H. Yeomans, and Ching-Hsi Tsao 56. Sullivan, W. N. and L Hornstein: 57. Treon, J. F., F. P. Cleveland, J. Cappel, F. E. Shaffer, R. W. Atchley and J. P. Torbeck: 58. 59. Tsao, Ching-Hsi, I. Hornstein and W. N. Sullivan: 60. 61. U.S.D.A.: Wis. Al. Res. Found. Bioassay Re ports 503034-34 and 505009, May 5, June 15, July 15, Sept. 19, and Nov. 17, 1955. Control of Olive Scale on Olives, Report, Dec. 7, 1954. Chlorinated Polyphenyls to Improve Lindane Residues, J. Econ. Ent. 46:1, 158, 1953. Improved Deposits for Controlling Insects Outdoors, J. Econ. Ent. 48:2, 153-155, Ap-ril, 1955. Results of Tests Against Insects of Various Pesticidal Residues, Alone and in Combination with Chlorinated Terphenyls, U.S.D.A. Confidential Administrative Report, May 11, 1955. The Toxicity of the Vapor of Aroclors 1242 and 1254, Kettering Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Report, June 22, 1955. The Toxicity of the Vapor of Aroclor 1242 and of Aroclor 1254, Kettering Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio Report, June 28, 1955. The Joint Action of Chlroinated Ter phenyls with Lindane and with Allethrin, J. Econ. Ent. 47:5, 769-798, Oct. 1954. A Comparison of Evaporation Rates and Toxicity to House Flies of Lindane and Lindane-Chlorinated Polyphenyl Deposits, J. Econ. Ent. 46:5, 882-884, Oct., 1954. Results of Screening Tests with Mater ials Evaluated as Insecticides, Miticides, and Repellents at the Orlando, Florida Laboratory, April 1942 to April 1947, Series E-733, Sept. 1947. oo***-1 *' PCB-ARCH0043506 -20- 62. U.S.D.H.E.W.: Lindane-Aroclor Combinations in Baggage Compartments, Tech. Br. Sum. of Inves. No. 1, Jan-Mar., 1953, pp. 28-29. 63. On-ground Tests with Residual Treat ments for Disinfection of Aircraft, Tech. Br., Sum. of Inves. No. 5, Jan-Mar. 1954, p. 36. 64. Wallace, P. P.: Arociors - Tests for Nematode Con trol (memo) May 12, 1949. 65. Aroclor 1242 - Field Tests Against Soil Pests (memo) May 19, 1949. 66. Aroclor Combinations, Monsanto Or ganic Research Report No. 11, 4 pp. June 30, 1953. 67. Final Report on Insecticide Special Problems, Monsanto Organic Res. Report 965, April 14, 1954. 68. Welch, J F.: A Review of Chemical Repellents for Rodents, Ag. Fd. Chem. 2:3, 142-149, Feb. 3, 1954. 69. Williams, C.: Aroclor-Insecticide Customers, July 25, 1955. 70* Wingo, C. W.: Diazinon-Aroclor (letter) Jan. 27, 1955. 71. Younger F.: Aroclor Toxicity Report, Sept. 9, 1953. 72. Aroclor Toxicity Report, Nov. 10, 1953. 73. 4th, QR, 1952, Orlando, Fla., ERB, USDA. 74. 2nd, II 1954 II II II II 75. 3rd, II i t 76. 4th It i t II II II It 11 II M It 77. 1st II 1955 If II II II 78. 2nd II 1954, Corvallis, Ore. It It 0046112 PCB-ARCH0043507 79. 3rd, QR, 1954, Corvallis, Ore., ERB, USDA 80. 2nd " 1953, Kerrville, Tex. " 81. 4th 1953, " " " 82. 1st " 1954 " " 83. 3rd " " 84. 4th " " " " " " " " ,r 85. 3rd " " " "" " 86. Special Report X-15, Beltsville, Md., ERB, USDA. JMM/jls 3/25/57 0046113 PCB-ARCH0043508