Document zoLXazy3wMBbqEMBJbjaagk7

FILE NAME: International Harvester(INTH) DATE: 1936 Feb DOC#: INTH004 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article INDUSTRIAL REVIEW Published by the HMnois M anufacture/^ on. ; 120 S. La S alle Street, Chic; lois Voi. 9 FEBRUARY, 1936 Special Session of Legislature Called to Consider Legislation Relating to - v . Occupational Diseases, Health, Comfort and Safety and Changes in Blower A ct G o v e r n o r h o r n e r has called a Third Special Session of the Illinois General Assembly which began Wednesday, February 6. This session will run concurrently with the first and second special sessions which now have been in progress for several weeks. Items to be considered in this Third Special Session which are of impor tance to industry relate to bills provid-. ing for remedies in occupational dis ease situation; legislation relating to health, comfort and safety; and meas ures making certain changes in the Illinois Blower Act. A digest of .the principal provisions of these several bills is subjoined. Copies of any or all of these measures will be sent to members upon request to our Chicago or Springfield offices. It has not been feasible for the Association to send copies of these measures to members at an earlier date because the bills were not_ in form for submission to the Illinois Legislative _Reference Bur reau at Springfield until late Tuesday evening, February 4th. As a matter of fact, it is probable that some changes will still be made by the Legislative Reference Bureau before the bills are finally submitted to the legislature. However, as indicated above, copies of the bills as submitted to the Legis lative Reference Bureau will be sent to our members upon request. These measures are the result of ex tended consideration of this entire subject matter _by the Occupational Diseases Committee of the Association under the chairmanship of O. E. Mount, This committee was appointed by the President of the Association early in 1933 to study the occupational diseases problem with a view to deter mining what remedial legislation was necessary in the state to bring about an equitable and practical system gov erning the rights, duties and liabilities of employers, employees and insurance carriers with respect to such diseases. At the time the committee was ap pointed. employers in the state were being flooded with damage suits, most of which were predicated on silicosis, asbestosis, and a variety of real and fancied lung afflictions. Some of these suits were meritorious, but to a large extent they were stirred up and solic ited by ambulance chasers for unethical lawyers who, with the aid of doctors of like ilk; developed what for a time Legislative Situation at Springfield There are now three special sessions of the Illinois General Assembly Tun ing concurrently. The first special session covers the subjects of old age p e n s i o n s , unemployment insurance, etc. The second session relates to un employment relief, and the third, which has just been called by the Gov ernor; covers the subject of occupa tional disease legislation, and several other items which are not of direct importance to industry. The status of the unemployment in surance legislation remains unchanged. An unsuccessful effort was made to pass this measure in the Slate Senate on January 7th. Insufficient votes were secured. Senator Lee, sponsor of the bill ' in the Senate, secured the consent of the Senate to postpone con sideration of the bill. Therefore, he is in position where he can call the bill up at any time for reconsideration. A companion bill is on second^ reading in the House of Representatives, i t is in position where it could be ad vanced at any time. The Association is carefully watching this legislation and will promptly advise its members in event any further efforts to enact the measures into law are made. The subject of occupational disease legislation is treated elsewhere in this issue. The Association is represented at Springfield at all sessions of the legis lature by Allan T. Gordon, Director of our Legislative Bureau, and other members of our staff. Detailed infor mation regarding any measures pend ing at Springfield can be secured by communicating with our Chicago or Springfield offices. was a flourishing racket The uneth-. ical lawyers and doctors, and not the employees themselves, profited from these suits. The committee has devoted its activ ities exclusively to the development of adequate and comprehensive occupa tional disease legislation for the state, and it has actively and conscientiously continued its efforts to this desirable end during the past year. I t has had the whole-hearted cooperation of mem ber companies of the Association, which companies have placed at the disposal of the committee the services of lgal, medical, engineering and lay members of their organizations. I t has also received the cooperation and as sistance of a number of the most out standing legal, medical and lay au thorities on the subject of occupational diseases in this country. ; Measures Carefully Studied Careful study and consideration has been given to occupational diseases acts which have been enacted by vari ous states in this country and by for eign countries; and in our study- of these various acts especial efforts have been, made to determine what has proven satisfactory in actual operation from the standpoint of both employers and employees. As soon as the first draft of a pro posed act was approved by the com mittee, a copy of such measure was delivered to die representatives of la bor for their consideration. We hoped that an agreed bill might be developed and introduced at the 1936 regular ses sion of the Illinois General Assembly. The representatives of labor, however, introduced their own bill, which action placed us under the necessity of intro ducing our bilL Both bills were re ferred to the House Judiciary Com mittee, and by that committee in turn to a special sub-committee. The sub committee conducted many hearings. Shortly before the end of the regular session, the Illinois Director of Labor requested representatives of employers and labor to confer in an effort to de velop an agreed bill. The widely di vergent views of the two groups ren- PLEASE PASS THIS BULLETIN DOWN THE EXECUTIVE LINE 1 EXHIBIT lum iA 11 \*<lu Zf^y dered agreement impossible in the limited time available. The bill finally reported to the House by the Judiciary Committee was considered basicalfy unsound by this committee. We accordingly opposed its enactment and, fortunately for Illi nois industry, it failed of passage. The situation with respect to the liability of employers for occupational diseases has undergone radical change during the past year. The decision oi the Supreme Court in April, 1935, holding portions of the existing Occu pational Diseases Act unconstitutional, and the subsequent decision of the Appellate Court in July,. 1935, holding ^hat no common law right of action exists in this state for occupational diseases, stopped the flood of damage suits against employers. As a result of these decisions hundreds of silicosis claims have been filed with the Indus trial Commission on the theory that under further court decisions such claims would be held compensable un der the existing law. No one is in po sition to predict with certainty the out come of these claims. The situation, therefore, remains chaotic. N o intelli gent person considers that such a sit uation will be permitted to continue Constitutional laws providing a logical . solution can, will, and should be en acted. Unconstitutional laws should and must be eliminated. The governor, recognizing the wide spread interest and gravity of the sit uation, in the early part of September, 1935, arranged for a conference of rep resentatives of labor and employers under the chairmanship of Hon. Peter T. Angsten, chairman of the Illinois Industrial Commission. This confer ence was called by the governor for the purpose of endeavoring to develop agreed legislation providing for the prevention of, and compensation for, occupational diseases. Ever since the Workmen's Compen sation Act was placed on the Illinois Statute Books in 1913, it has been cus tomary for representatives of labor and industry to undertake to agree to such amendments in said act as seemed necessary or expedient for considera tion at succeeding sessions of the leg islature. These joint conferences through the years between representa tives of labor and industry on the sub ject of proposed changes in the Workmen's Compensation Act were ordinarily initiated by the Illinois Ind u s t r i a 1 Commission. Accordingly, pursuant to such custom the Occupa tional Diseases Committee of the As sociation when it had completed the first draft of a proposed bill recom mending changes in the law relating to that subject matter submitted a copy of such measure to representatives of labor for their consideration. This was done early in 1935, shortly after the Illinois General Assembly had con vened in regular session. This action was taken with the hope that an agreed bill might be worked out and enacted at the said regular session. The repre sentatives of labor, however, intro duced their own bill bringing all socalled occupational diseases under the Workmen's Compensation Act under what was commonly referred to as the "Wide-open" clause. There was no definition of what .constituted an oc cupational disease. If such a measure had been enacted into law. Illinois em ployers would have been obligated for claims for so-called occupational dis eases which were not in fact related to employment. We would have had a recurrence of conditions which ex isted in New York State, where, under a law enacted there comparable to the so-called "wide-open" proposal just referred to, many New York employ ers were obliged to close down their plants and many others were unable to secure insurance except at prohibi tive rates.. The Illinois Manufacturers' Associa tion was, therefore, obliged to intro duce its own occupational diseases bill. Both measures, i.e,, the so-called "wide-open" bill, sponsored by organ ized labor, and the measure sponsored by our Occupational Diseases Commit tee were referred to the Judiciary Committee of the House of Represen tatives and by that Committee to a sub-committee. The committee has had a large num ber o meetings. In fact the commit tee has met almost continuously since the date upon which it was called to gether by the Industrial Commission in September of last. year. As indi cated above, the bills were not in final form for submission to the Legislative Reference Bureau until the night of Tuesday, February 4th. The decision of the Supreme Court of Illinois holding portions of the Oc cupational Diseases Act unconstitu tional in effect invalidated the principal features of the Illinois Act pertaining to rules and regulations providing for "Health. Safety and Comfort" in Illi nois industry. The proposed legisla tion relating to that subject, which is a part of this program and a digest of which is subjoined, represents the con clusions of the committee as the most , practicable and least objectionable plan that is available under all existing circumstances. The changes in the Blower Act, which are also contemplated by this series of bills, are the result of exten sive study by a group of engineers * identified with representative member firms. I t was the conviction of the members of that group that the pres ent laws relating to that subject are indefinite and involved and could not, in many instances, be conformed to in practical operation. This proposed measure relating to this subject is in tended to more clearly define,the rights and liabilities of employers in connec tion with this subject matter, pending further treatment of this subject by the Industrial Commission pursuant to the authority given to the Commission under the terms of the Health. Com fort and Safety Act. As indicated above, the various measures included in this proposed legislation are the result of extended consideration of our Occupational Diseases Committee over a period of several years. In this activity we have had the assistance of all of the other principal employing groups in Illinois, all of whom we are informed are in sympathy with and have endorsed this program. This legislative program has also re ceived the careful consideration of the Illinois Industrial Council and our Board of Directors and has the unani mous approval of both of those groups. We shall be glad to undertake to answer inquiries from our members re garding any features of this program upon which they desire additional in formation. D igest of Bills The following is a brief digest of the five Bills: 1. The first Bill is for a Workmen's Occupational Diseases Act. This is a Bill covering the subject of liability of employers for injuries or deaths resulting from diseases. It pro vides for an elective compensation lia bility, with a liability for damages im posed on non-electors. Section 3 of the Bill provides for liability for damages to an employe who has sustained injury to health, or death, by reason of a disease con tracted or sustained during the course of his employment and proximately caused by the negligence of the em ployer, unless the employer shall have elected to pay compensation as pro vided in Section 4 of this Bill. In con nection with the liability for damages of non-electing employers, the Bill provides that the violation by any em ployer of any effective rule or .rules made by the Industrial Commission pursuant to the Health and Safety Act, or the violation by the employer of any statute of this State intended for the protection of the health of employes, shall constitute negligence. This Sec tion further provides for the period in which actions for damages must be commenced and removes the common law defenses of the employer. Section 4 provides that any em ployer may elect to provide and pay compensation according to the provi sions of. this Bill for disablement or death resulting from occupational dis eases. The Bill provides for the method of making the election, and further provides, that employers elect ing may have the right to elect out from under the Act on October 1st, 1937, and on each October 1st for four years thereafter, providing, however, that an employer who has elected to come under the compensation provi sions of the Act, then has elected not to be under them, and has subse quently elected again to come under the Act, shall not have the right to anv further elections. The employes of any employer who has elected to be bound by the com pensation provisions of the Act have the right not to be so bound. Unless an employe files notice to the contrary within thirty (30) days after the elec tion by the employer, he shall be deemed to have accepted the compen sation provisions of the A ct The Bill defines an occupational dis ease as follows: "Section 6. In this Act the term `Occupational Disease' means a dis ease arising out of and in the course of the employment. Ordinary dis eases of life to which the. general public is exposed outside of the em ployment shall not be compensable! except where the said diseases fol low as an incident of an occupational disease as defined in this section. "A disease shall be deemed to 2 PLEASE PASS THIS BULLETIN DOWN THE EXECUTIVE LINE arise out of the employment, only if The power of the Industrial Com there is apparent to the rational mission to make rules is limited to the mind upon consideration of all the following purposes: circumstances, a direct causal con (a) The' proper sanitation and ven nection b e t w e e n the conditions tilation of all places of employment to under which the work is performed guard against personal injuries and and the occupational disease, and diseases. which, can be seen to have followed fb) The arrangement and guarding as a natural incident of the work o i . machinery and the storing ami as a result of the exposure occa p,acing ot personal property to guard sioned by the nature of the employ against personal injuries and d ise a se s. ment and which can be fairly traced to the employment as the proximate V.CJ lu e prevention oi personal m- cause, and which does not come irom a hazard to which workmen juiics and diseases Dy contact wjui any puisuuuus or aeieienous materials, 'would have been equally exposed sums, vapors, gases or tmes. outside of the employment. The disease must be incidental to the tuj m e prevention ot personal in juries aiiu uiseases causeu uy expos character of the business and not ure to ar uncial aimuspnenc pressure. independent of the relation of em nuies ui me industrial commission auupted in tne manner provided m ployer and employee. The disease need not to have been foreseen or uie asm snail nave me loree ana eiicct expected but after its contraction it in law. must appear to have had its origin Tms Bill would apply lo all em in a risk connected with the em ployers engagea m any occupation, ployment and to have flowed from uiismess or enterprise in tne State, ex that source as a rational conse cept tarmers and others engaged in quence." tanning, nuage ot me sou, or stoat The Bill defines disablement as fol taising, ana to coal mining. m e rules adopted Dy tne Industrial lows; commission must De clear, plain ana " 'Disablement' means the event of mteiiigiDie, and must ne unuurm anu becoming disabled" from earning full gnrai in tneir application. wages at the work in which the em- The Bill provides tnat it snail not . ployee was engaged when last C- ' De construeu as granting tne Indus posed to. the hazards ,of the occupa trial Commission me power to matte tional disease by the employer from any -rule which will require tne su- whom he claims compensation, or -mission ot any plan, specmcations, or eqqal wages in other suitable em -- otner miorinauon concerning any pro ployment; and `disability'-means the posed installation, alteration, construc state of being so incapacitated." tion, apparatus or equipment, or in The Bill further provides that no any manner regulate me hours ot la- compensation shall be payable for oc uor ot any employee in the State. cupational diseases unless .disablement I he Bill sets tortn me procedure occurs within one year after the last for tne adoption ot rules by tne indus day of the last exposure to the haz trial Commission. ards of the disease, except.in. cases of .tne commission may either institute occupational diseases caused b y the proceedings on its own initiative Dy a inhalation of silica dust or asbestos resolution, or upon petition signed by dust, and in such cases within three hve employes or live employers in a years after the last day of the last specihed industry. exposure. * The Commission shall set a date for 'The Bill further provides that the a public hearing not less than thirty employer liable for compensation shall days, nor more than ninety days, atter be the employer in whose employment the date of the passage ot the resolu the employe was last exposed to the tion by the Commission, or the tiling hazard of the occupational disease of the petition. claimed upon regardless of the length Notice of the hearing must be given of time of such last exposure, except at least thirty days prior to the date that in the cases of silicosis and asbes- of hearing, by publication in a news tosis, the exposure during a period of paper of general circulation and by less than sixty (60) days after the ef mailing notice to any employer and to fective date of the Act shall not be any association of employers or of deemed a last exposure. employes who have filed their names The provisions relating to amounts and addresses with the Industrial Com of compensation, and to procedure are mission requesting notice of such incorporated in the Bill in the same hearings. language, and by the same section Any interested parly may submit numbers, as they are contained in the evidence at the hearing. I l l i n o i s Workmen's Compensation Upon the conclusion of the hearing, Act the Industrial Commission shall enter The Bill, if enacted, shall take effect its decision in writing and send a copy on October l, 1936, and shall be ad of the decision to the interested par ministered by the Industrial Commis ties whose names are on file with the sion. Commission, and a certified copy of the decision shall be filed with the Health and Safety Bill Secretary of State. Within thirty days after the entry 2. The second Bill is the Health of the decision, the Industrial Commis and Safety Bill. sion may. correct, modify or vacate This Bill vests in the Industrial the decision, rule or rules, and any Commission the power to make rea person affected by the decision may sonable rules to provide reasonable object in writing, stating the specific protection to the lives, health and grounds of his objection. safety of employes. Any person affected by the decision, whether he participated in the pro- ; ceedings or not, may file a praecipe for a writ of certiorari in the Circuit or Superior Court of the County in which the subject-matter of the hear ing is situated, for review 'of the rea sonableness or lawfulness of the de cision or rules. The Circuit or Superior Court may conhrm or reverse the decision of the Commission as a whole, or may reverse, and remand it as a whole, or may con hrm part and reverse and remand part of the decision. An appeal from the order of the Circuit or Superior Court may be taken to the Supreme Court within fortyhve days, except as to the portions of the decision which are remanded by the Circuit or Superior Court. The Industrial Commission may fix the date that rules or decisions adopted by it shall become eliective, provided that no such decision, rule or rules shall become elective until ninety days after entry by the Industrial Com mission, nor shall they be effective during the pendency of any proceeding for review or appeal, and upon ter mination of appeal, no decision, rule or rules shall become effective until 3 period of time has elapsed after the nling of the Court's Mandate equal to the period of time originally fixed by the Commission. The Industrial Commission is re quired to keep a full and complete rec ord of all proceedings,- and at least once a year shall publish in printed form all of the rules in full force and effect at the time of the publication. The enforcement of the rules is vested in the Department of Labor, with the proviso that the Industrial Commission shall not take any part in their enforcement. The Department of Labor is given power to inspect places of employ ment affected by rules, subject to a proviso that whenever any secret proc esses are used, the owner shall furnish an affidavit that he has complied with all; effective rules, which affidavit shall be1accepted in lieu of inspection. The Bill provides that the Depart ment of Labor shall give proper notice in regard to any violation of the Act, and any person who fails or neglects to comply with any rules adopted by the Commission after due notice is given, is guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to fine. This Bill provides for repeal of the Health, Safety and Comfort Act, to lake'effect July 1, 1937, and for the repeal of Section 4 of the so-called Basement Blower law, to take effect October 1, 1936. The Bill contains an emergency clause, and is intended to take effect immediately upon its passage. 3. A Bill to amend Sections 7, 14, and 19 of the Workmen's Compensa tion Act. The amendment to Section 7 is a re sult of the decision of the Supreme Court in the Mowcaqua Coal Company case, 360 111. 194, and adds the follow ing language to the section; "Whenever four times the average annual earnings of the deceased em ploye as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section amounts to four thou sand dollars and not more than four thousand four hundred dollars and PLEASE PASS THIS BULLETIN DOWN THE EXECUTIVE LINE 3 the deceased employe left surviving above represented the interests of our him one child under the age of six members in connection with the prep teen years the amount payable shall aration of the above measures, are: be four thousand four hundred dol lars. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES "Whenever iour times the average O. E. Mount, Chairman, American annual earnings of the deceased em Steel Foundries. ploye as provided in paragraph (a; of this Section amounts to four thou L. K. Ayres, Vice-chairman, George sand dollars and not more than four S. Mepham Corp. thousand seven hundred dollars and Members--General the deceased employe left surviving him two children under the age of J. It. Allen, International Harvester sixteen years the amount payable Co. shall be four thousand seven hun Donald Blake, Blake Monument Co. dred dollars. E. Bernstein, Caterpillar Tractor Co. "Whenever four times the average Major R, A. Bull, Sivyer Steel Cast .annual earnings of the deceased em ings Co. ploye as provided in paragraph (a) VV. E. Crocombe, American Mangan of this Section amounts to tour thou ese Steel Co. sand dollars and not more than five A. M. Davis, International Silica Co. thousand dollars and the deceased J. S. Dempsey, Buda Company. employe left surviving him three or F. H. Elam, American Steel Foun more children under the age of six dries. teen years the amount payable shall W alter Evensen, Crane Co. be five thousand dollars." Andrew J. Fercival, A. E. Staley Mfg. The amendment to Section 14 adds Co. die words "or assistant secretary" in H. C. Thornton, Ottawa Silica Co. connection with certain duties con R. E, McEwen, Western Electric ferred on the Secretary of the Com Co. mission. . A. Warsaw, Wedron Silica Co. The amendment to Section 19 is for the purpose of taking care of the sit Members--Legal uation which might arise where a David R. Clarke, Fyffe & Clarke, At claimant misconceives his remedy and torneys. files his claim under the Occupational J. L. Earlywine, Counsel, Illinois Steel Disease Act when be should have tiled Co. under the Compensation Act, or where A. C. Hirth, Counsel, Owens-Illinois he file's under the Compensation Act ' Glass Co. when he should have filed under the Occupational Disease Act. The amend Miembers--Medical ment provides that in such event the Dr. J. A. Britton, Supervisor of Med application may be amended to assert ical Service, International Harvester claim for disability or death under the Co. , proper Act, and shall be deemed to Dr. J. R. DeMotte, Chief Surgeon, have been so filed as amended on the Pullman-Standard Car Mfg. Co. date of the original filing, and such compensation shall be awarded as is Dr. A. M. Harvey, Chief Surgeon, warranted by all of the evidence. Crane Co. Dr. J. H. Chivers, Personnel Director, 4. A Bill to amend Section 44 of the Act in relation to the Civil Admin- ( Crane Co. stration of the State government to Dr. C. O. Sappington, Consulting In- authorize the Department of Labor . dustrial Hygienist through the Industrial Commission to ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL administer the Health and Safety Act COUNCIL and the Workmen's Occupational Dis eases Act. Ross Bowles, President, East Side As 5. This is a Bill to compel the us sociated Industries, East S t Louis, ing of exhaust systems for removing III. dust and dirt from grinding, polish J. L. Walker, Vice-President, Fox ing and buffing operations, repealing River Valley Manufacturers' Assn., the present Blower Law, and con Aurora, 111. taining an emergency clause. L. E. Roark, Peoria Manufacturers' & The Bill is to remain in effect until Merchants Assn., Peoria, 111. July 1st, 1937, by which time it is con * M. H. Ward, Alton District Manufac templated that the Industrial Com turers' Assn., Alton, 111. mission will have adopted rules cover Richard W. Gass, Acting Secy., Belle ing the subject-matter. ville Chamber of Commerce, Belle This is a Bill which:was drawn by a Sub-Committee of the Occupational ville, 111. R. I. Pierce, Mfrs.' Assn, of Chicago Diseases Committee of the Illinois Heights, Chicago Heights, _I1L Manufacturers' Association, and was Henry. Bolz, Decatur Association oi introduced in the Legislature at the Commerce, Decatur, III. M. H. Ward, East Side Manufacturers' last General Session. It was drawn by engineers, and Assn., Granite City, 111. contains detailed and scientific re R. W . Jones, Will County Manufac turers' Assn., Joliet, III. quirements to replace the present anti N. J. Ziener, Mgr., Kankakee Cham quated Blower Law. ber of Commerce, Kankakee, III. Efficient Committee Service O. M. Benson, Illinois Valley Manu facturers' Club, LaSalle, 111. The Members of the Occupational E. C. Xander, Tri-City Mfrs.' Associ Diseases Committee of the Associa ation, Moline, III, tion and of the Illinois Industrial C. S. Bather, Rockford Mfrs.' & Ship Council, which groups as indicated pers' Assn., Rockford, 111. 4 PLEASE PASS THIS BULLETIN DOWN THE E W. E. Long, Sterling Mfrs.' & Ship pers' Assn., Sterling, 111. G. Robert Galloway, Chamber of Commerce of Waukegan, Wauke gan, I1L, North Chicago, 111. C. L. Blatchford, National Metal Trades Association, Chicago, 111. H . D. Sayre, National Metal Trades Assn, Allan T. Gordon, Springfield, I1L SUB-COMMITTEE MEMBERS The members of the sub-committee, who, during the period of several months, carried on the negotiations and the detailed work associated with the drafting; of th bills, are: O. E. Mount, Chairman; J. L. Earlywine, T. G. Essington, Walter E. Beebe, Dr. J. H. Chivers, Dr. C. O. Sappington. and Mr. E. O. Jones.. Messrs. David R. Clarke and John Harrington of the firm of Fyffe and Clarke, General Counsel for the Asso ciation, also participated in the work of the sub-committee as well as At torney Frank R. Peregrine, an author ity upon Workmen's Compensation legislation who was retained as spe cial counsel by the Occupational Dis eases Committee to assist in the draft ing of such measures. This activity on behalf of the mem bers of the Association has involved a very substantial expenditure of time, energy and funds. I t is the conviction of all of those who have carefully fol lowed the progress of the work that these groups have rendered a genu inely valuable service to the employers, of Illinois. South American Trade Noah Van Cleef, of Van Cleef Bros., manufacturers of molded rubber prod ucts who recently returned from an extensive trip through South Amer ica for the purpose of extending the trade of his office, says that goods manufactured in the United States en joy wide acceptance in South Amer ica. In many cases North American manufacturers have found it a decided sales advantage to ship their products bearing the same labels and markings as are used in their domestic trans actions. The average South American considers the North American carton a trade mark or guarantee of excel lence. Mr. Van Cleef in an article in the Chicago Credit News pointed out that a handicap to the American exporter is the discrimination in the rate of ex change against the United States in favor of other nations. The Interstate Commerce Commis sion has postponed a verdict in its study of passenger fares. Some ICC officials forecast that in the near fu ture railroads will begin charging as little as 3 cents a mile for day coach and 3 cents a mile for Pullman coach rides. How Corporation taxes fall on the investor is indicated by some pertinent data in the January issue of Investor America, published monthly by the American Federation of Investors, at Chicago. CUTIVE LINE