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` * *'"' ** '.$ r. %-*i\ -r ilAiliiiAeraftifet cimiiftti ?, RSV0030574 WARNING LABELS PART 1 A GUIDE FOR THE PREPARATION OF WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS PART 2 ILLUSTRATIVE WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS PUBLISHED BY MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS' ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES 608 Woodward Bldg., Washington S, D. C- Copyright 1946 by Manvfaitvnng ChemUtB' AMOtiofian of tho llnitod Sfatti RSV0030575 Manual L-l PART I MANUAL L-l--A GUIDE FOR THE PREPARATION OF WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS Adopted 1945 Revised April 1946 The development of new chemical products and the introduction of chemical processes into ever-widening fields has accentuated the need for furnishing appropriate information in those cases where special precautions are necessary. Many chemicals present no hazards in normal handling and storage and for these products no precautionary labels are necessary. The education of employees regarding chemical hazards is, and must remain, the direct respon sibility of their employers However, such hazards are not confined to employees alone, and infor mation concerning them should, so far as practicable, reach every person using, transporting, or storing chemicals. The most practical means for the seller to disseminate this information appears to be by labels affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals, bearing appropriate precautionary statements and instructions stated as simply and briefly as circumstances permit. In the interest of uniformity and more adequate labeling of chemical products, the Manufac turing Chemists' Association has prepared this Manual for the benefit and guidance of its members. A series of definitions is included in Schedule 1 m order that the terms used may be clearly under stood In addition to the general recommendations contained herein, the MCA has prepared sug gested labels for specific products. These have been printed as Manual L-2, which will be supple mented from time to time as additional recommended labels are developed. A precautionary label does not take the place of safety equipment such as suitable goggles, airline respirators, gas masks, clothing, shoes, etc. Individual statutes, regulations or ordinances may require that particular information be included on a label or that a specific label be affixed to a container. In each case, the requirements of these laws should also be studied. The tvai ning labels suggested, in this Manual should be used m addition to, oi m combination icith, any label requved by law* " Fcdeial statutes include. Intel state Pommel ce Commission Regulations foi Transportation of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles: Supt of Documents, Govt Punting Office, Washington, D C Fedcial Caustic Poison Act and legulations Food and Diug Administration, Fcdeial Security Agency, Washington, D C Federal Insecticide Act of 1910 and legulations Agucultuial Maiketing Administiation, U. S Department of Agricultuie, Washington, D. C Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and regulations: Food and Drug Administration, Federal Security Agency, Washington, D. C Related statutes of the 48 States and the Distnct of Columbia include Caustic Acid, Phaimacy, Poison, and Insecticide Acts. I RSV0030576 Manual L-l Manufacturing Chemists' Association d the United States GENERAL PRINCIPLES In the preparation of any precautionary label the following principles should first be con sidered ; 1) Each chemical product (including mixtures) presents a distinct problem and must be treated individually, in the light of its own characteristics. 2) Extreme care should be exercised in the choice of terminology. Statements should be brief and simple. 3) On labels for different products, uniformity m language to indicate the same hazards is most desirable in order to gam greater understanding through standardization. 4) Precautionary statements must be accurate, selectively chosen, and expressed in dearly defined terms. To be effective they should be used only when and to the extent necessary Labeling of a relatively harmless product so as to indicate that it is hazard ous, as well as the failure to give adequate notice of a hazard, will develop a disregard for labels and defeat their purpose. For example, if the word "POISON" is to retain its usefulness on a label, it should be applied exclusively to those products (1) which are poisons according to a definite toxicity standard*, or (2) with which it is associated through common usage, or (3) for which its use is prescribed by law. In all other cases the relative degree of the hazard can be better indicated by the use of signal words such as: "DANGER" to cover extremely serious hazards; "WARNING" to cover less serious hazards; and "CAUTION" to cover minor hazards, together with a descriptive statement of the hazard 5) Chemical names should be those recommended bv the American Chemical Society 6) The use of a non-descriptive code designation or trade name as the only identification of a hazardous chemical should be avoided If for any reason, it is undesirable to show the chemical name, or if the chemical name is so complex as to be meaningless except to the trained chemist, the label should state the tvpe of chemical, e.g, "corposivc acid," "lead compound " 7) The following siibiect matter should be considered for inclusion on a precautionary label: 1 Chemical name 2. "Signal woid" (DANGER-WARNING-CAUTION) designating degree of hazard (Column A, Schedule 3) 3. Affirniatne statement of "hazard" (Column B, Schedule 3) 4. "Precautionary measures" covering actions to be followed or avoided (Column C, Schedule 3) 5 "Insti actions m case of accident," where ad\i>able (Column D, Schedule 3) S) Warning labels should be printed m easily legible type, which is in contrast by typog raphy, layout, or color with any other printed matter on the label and should be placed conspicuously on containers Legibility may be preserved with a suitable protective coating. "To piovirie a practical working- standard for labeling purposes "POISON" is defined in Schedule 1 of this Manual to include only chemicals capable of causing acute effects by ingestion and inhalation, the principal modes of entry into the body This definition excludes chemicals capable of causing injuries as a result of skin absorption or of chiomc exposuie bv inhalation, because the variable actions and effects of chemicals with these charactcnstics pieclude a pinctical means of measuring their hazards 2 RSV0030577 Manufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States PREPARATION OF PRECAUTIONARY LABELS Manual L-l The basic considerations in the preparation of a precautionary label for any chemical product (including mixtures) are: 1) Determination of the hazards present in the particular chemical product. 2) Selection of appropriate statements for each significant hazard inherent in the product. 3) Arrangement, of statements in the order of emphasis desired. The most frequently encountered hazards have been classified by the MCA into 10 types as listed in Schedule 2. Set opposite each class are statements illustrating characteristic precautions usually required for that type of hazard. Many chemical products will have more than one type of hazard, in which case appropriate statements for each significant type should be included on the label. Most chemical products con tain impurities. When these are present in harmful quantities, appropriate warnings and precau tionary measures should be included on the labels As each chemical product must be treated individually, there will be many instances in which the illustrative statements will not be applicable either because they do not accurately express the degree of hazard or because they fail to cover the particular characteristics. In such cases, suitable statements should be selected from Schedule 3 This Schedule presents a more comprehensive list of statements arranged in columnar form, and grouped as follows: A Signal Word B Hazards C Precautionary Measures D Instructions in Case of Accident Column A--The degree of hazard can he expressed only in relative terms The purpose is two-fold: to indicate to the reader the comparative seriousness of the danger involved in handling a given product and to call attention to the precautionary instructions which should immediately follow The "signal words'' recommended are, in the order of dimin ishing severity of hazard, (1) DANGER; (2) WARNING, (3) CAUTION. Example: WARNING! Column B--From this column should be selected the phrase (or phrases) that most accu rately describes the principal hazard This is placed on the same line as the "signal word." Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE If other significant hazards are present, they should be tabulated under the principal hazard. Column C--The appropriate statement of "piecautionary measures" should be chosen from Column C and should follow on subsequent lines. Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. 3 RSV0030578 Manual L-l Manufaczurjng Chemists' Association of the United Scates Column D--When it is advisable to include instructions in case of accident, the appropriate statements may be selected from this column, Instructions in case of accident to indi viduals are valuable but should be limited to recognized first aid procedures based upon simple methods and commonly available materials. Instructions for strictly medical treat ment should be omitted except when specifically required by law. Because of the serious and lasting effects that may result from eye injuries, a recommendation to obtain medical attention should accompany any specific instruction directed to the treatment of the eyes. If the statements from Schedule 3 fail to meet the exact needs, they should be modified to suit. In the example shown, toluene, no phrase from this column appears to be necessary. While every compound carries some hazard, if improperly used, it is impractical to cover every possible contingency on a label. Efforts should be directed toward naming the serious hazards, and warning against such abuses and accidents as are likely to be encountered under normal con ditions. There are scarcely any means of measuring in absolute terms the relative seriousness of hazards, and the recommendations in Schedule 3 only contemplate their division into two or three degrees of intensity. It follows that of two compounds one may be less hazardous than the other and yet may carry the same warnings and cautions. Instructions for handling and storage of containers should be included where conditions indi cate their need. These instructions should take into consideration both the characteristics of the chemical product and the limitations of the type or types of container in -which it is packed. Schedule 4 presents suggested labels for samples of experimental products for which full data regarding hazards arc not yet known. Schedule 5 illustrates the application of caution statements to three specific products. In the case of toluene, the statements used are similar to those given in Schedule 2 for a compound or mixture having hazards in classifications I-B and IV. The second example, aqueous hydrofluoric acid, represents a very special case where the particular hazards require modification of the stand ard statements. The third example is that of a label for a proprietary compound or mixture. 4 RSV0030579 Manufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States Schedule 1 DEFINITIONS Manual L-l Flammable Liquid1--An inflammable1 liquid is any liquid which gives off inflammable vapors (as determined by flash point from Tagliabue's open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a temperature of 803 F. Extremely Flammable Liquid2--An extremely flammable liquid is a liquid which gives off flam mable vapors (as determined by flash point from Tagliabue's open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below' a temperature of 20" F. Corrosive2--(Physiological)--A corrosive is an agent which in contact with living tissue will cause more or less severe destruction of tissue by chemical action. Irritant ---(Physiological)--An irritant is an agent which in contact with living tissue will induce either immediately or after prolonged or repeated contact a more or less severe local tissue reaction not leading directly to destruction of tissue. Sensitizer ---(Physiological)--A sensitizer is a material_ which as ordinarily handled does not necessarily cause any discernible reaction m living tissue but which after initial or re peated contact with the tissue of some individuals may, at a later date, produce a prompt inflammatory reaction on contact, even in minute amounts, with the tissue of the same individuals. Dusts 1--Solid particles generated by handling, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, detonation and decrepitation of organic or inorganic materials such as rock, ore, metal, coal, wood, grain, etc Dusts do not tend to flocculate except under electrostatic forces; they do not diffuse in air but settle under the influence of gravity. Fumes 1--Solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state, generally after volatili zation from molten metals, etc , and often accompanied by a chemical reaction such as oxidation. Fumes flocculate and sometimes coalesce. Mists '--Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state, such as by splashing, foaming, and atomizing. Gases '--Normally formless fluids which occupy the space of enclosure and which can be changed to the liquid or solid state only by the combined effect of increased pressure and decreased temperature. Gases diffuse. Vapois 1--The gaseous form of substances which are normally in the solid or liquid state and which can be changed to these states either by increasing the pressure or decreasing the the temperature alone. Vapors diffuse. Poison2--Poison means a substance which, when taken by mouth in amounts of 60 grains (4 grams) or less, or when inhaled in concentrations of less than 200 parts per million by volume in the air, rapidly (within 5 or 10 minutes) teopardizes life by other than mechani cal or physical action. Note This definition of "Poi'.on" ,s based im piactaral umsuleiations only, ai an aid in Uetei nulling, feudally, when the wind "Poison" should be included on a warning label See Gencial Pnnciples 4 Mixture 2--A physical commingling of two or more substances which may or may not bear a fixed proportion to one another and which have not reacted chemically with one another. 1 ICC definition While the teini "inflammable" is used by the ICC, the piefeired form "flammable" is used m this Manual 2 MCA definition. 1 As defined m Chapter II "Engineenng Contiol of the Air Contamination of the Working Environment" (Allen D Biandt, D Sc.) page 198, "Manual of lndustnal Hygiene," USPHS. 5 RSV0030580 Manual L-l Manufacturing Chemises' Association of the United Stares Schedule 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS Class Typical Label I. Flammable Liquids and Oxidizing Agents which Support Combustion. (Flash points for liquids are determined by Tagliabue's Open-Cup Method). A. Flash point 20 F. or below, DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE Keep away from heat and open flame Keep container closed. B. Flash point above 20 to 80' F. in clusive WARNING! FLAMMABLE. Keep away from heat and open flame Keep container closed. II, Flammable Solids and Oxidizing Agents as Classified by the ICC. CAUTION! EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE FIRE OR CREATE FIRE HAZARD Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. In case of contact, immediately flush with plenty of water; remove and wash clothing before re-use III. Vapors Immediately Toxic or Extremely Irritating Even on Exposure for a Short Time or to Low Concentrations. DANGER! VAPOR EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS Do not breathe vapor. Do not get on skm. Do not get in eyes. Keep container closed and away from heat. Keep away from feed or food products. Have air line respirator or gas mask ap proved by U S Bureau of Mines specifi cally tor (name of chemical) a\ailable for emergency. IV. Vapors Hazardous from Prolonged or Repeated Exposures, or Exposure to Higher Concentrations. WARNING! VAPOR HARMFUL Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor Keep container closed and away from heat. 6 RSV0030581 Manufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States Manual L-l V. Gases and Vapors Physiologically Inert. CAUTION! VAPOR REDUCES OXYGEN AVAILABLE FOR BREATH ING Use with adequate ventilation. Keep container closed. VI. Harmful Dusts. CAUTION! HARMFUL DUST Avoid repeated breathing or skin contact Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking. Keep away from feed or food products. VII. Skin Irritants--Corrosive. DANGER! CAUSES SEVERE BURNS Do not get in eyes. Do not get on skin. Do not get on clothing. In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention. Remove and wash cloth ing before re-use. VIII. Materials Causing Skin Irritations after Repeated or Continued Contact CAUTION! MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITA TION Avoid prolonged or repeated contact. IX. Materials Toxic through Vapor Inhala tions or Skin Absorption, WARNING! ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN VAPOR HAZARDOUS Avoid contact with skin or clothing. Avoid breathing vapor. In case of exposure, remove to fresh air. Immediately wash with soap and plenty of water. Remove and wash clothing before re-use X. Toxic if Taken Internally. Applies to ma terials covered by statutory definition of poison "liable to be destructive of human adults in doses of 60 grains or less (4 gms.)" or to any material toxic in amounts likely to be taken internally through easily anticipated errors. POISON If not covered by regulation or definition (see Gen eral Principles 4) a typical label might read DANGER! MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED Do not take internally. 7 RSV0030582 Manual L-l Minu/acturing Chejnias' Aisocianon ol ihe United Stairs Schedule 3 RECOMMENDED LABEL CAUTIONS A. B. c. D- Signal Words Hazards Precautionary Measures Instructions in Case of Accident Flammability a. Extremely Flammable (flash point 20 F. or below.) b. Flammable (flash point above 20 to 80 F. inclu sive). c. Exposure May Cause Fire or Create Fire Hazard. a. Keep away from heat (sparks) and open flame. b. Keep container closed (and away from heat). Volatility a Highly Volatile b. Volatile (Solvent or Liquid) a Keep out of sun and away from heat b. Keep container closed (and away from heat) Inhalation a. DANGER! b. WARNING! c. CAUTION! a Vapor Extremely Hazardous. b May be Fatal if Inhaled c Vapor Harmful d. Vapor Reduces Oxygen Available for Breathing e. Harmful Dust. f. Causes Irritation to Eyes, Nose and Throat a Do not breathe vapoi (or) Avoid breathing vapor b Avoid prolonged or repeat ed breathing of vapor, c Use (only) with adequate ventilation d Avoid prolonged bieathmg of dust Contact a In case of exposuie lemove to fresh an b Have air-lme respnator oi gas mask approved by U. S Bureau of Mines specifi cally for (name of chemi cal) available foi emer gency. a Collusive Liquid b. Causes (Sevcie) Burns c. Dangerous Because (Rap idly) Absoibed Thiough Skin. d Causes Skin Imtation e. May Cause Skin Irritation a. Poison (skull & cioss- bones) b. Mav be Fatal if Swallowed a Do not got (1) m eves, (2) on skin, (3) on clothing, b Avoid contact with (l) eves, (2) skin, (3) clothing c Wash thoroughly bofoie eating oi smoking. Ingestion a Do not take internally General a In case of contact (1) Immediately flush (skin oi eves) with plenty of water (foi at least 15 min utes) (Foi eyes, get med ical attention) (2) Immediately wash with soap and plenty of vvatei. (3) Remove and wash clothing before ie-use a. Stiong Oxidant, b Contact with Combustible Material May Cause Fue a Keep awav fiom feed or food products b Keep diy c Store in cool place d Keep away from combus tible materials a Get medical attention, b In case of spillage, flush with plenty of watei c In case of spillage, absoib with sand, ashes oi eaitli The use of any warning 01 other statement listed above is not necessarily limited to the hazard undei which it is giouped. The grouping meiely indicates the type of hazaid to which given statements most frequently apply The small letters ate not intended to indicate a coirelation between similarly lettered statements m adjacent columns but are for identification only The paienthetical woi ds indicate optional statements. 3 RSV0030583 Manufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States Schedule 4 LABELS FOR EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLES Manual L-l The labeling of experimental samples of new products presents unusual problems. All of the properties or possible uses of a product are seldom known. The following safeguards are therefore recommended: 1. Samples of a product already on the market should carry the same warning label as a commercial shipment. 2. The following label is suggested for samples of any material that has never been in commer cial production unless (1) the material is known to be wholly innocuous, or (2) the dangers are limited to known hazards and appropriate cautions are submitted. SAMPLE Name or Description of Product FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE ONLY CAUTION! The chemical, physical and toxicological properties of this product have not been fully investigated and its handling or use may be hazardous. Exercise due care. 3 The identity of the sample, indicated in parentheses above, should be as clear as possible. Wherever feasible, it should be the name of the compound or mixture, and in any case it should be the best possible identification to aid the user in knowing with what he is concerned. 4. Where there are significant known hazards they should be so indicated. 5. The above label may be used in the case of old products being considered for new uses. Schedule 5 SPECIMEN PRODUCT LABELS The following specimen labels illustrate the application to specific products of the principles set forth in this Manual: Product Combining Hazards of Class I-B and IV (Schedule 2) Chemicals. TOLUENE WARNING! FLAMMABLE. Keep away from heat and open flame. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. 9 RSV0030584 'Manual L-l Manufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States Product Requiring Modified Cautions and First Aid. HYDROFLUORIC ACID, AQUEOUS DANGER! CORROSIVE LIQUID VAPOR HAZARDOUS CAUSES SEVERE BURNS WHICH MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY PAINFUL OR VISIBLE Do not breathe vapor. Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing. In case of contact or suspicion of contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water until whiteness dis appears, paying particular attention to skin under nails. Soak affected areas with crushed ice in 7011 ethyl alcohol until physician arrives. Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In all cases get medical attention. Remove and wash clothing before re-use, Avoid use of greasy ointments. Proprietary Product (e.g, containing fluorine salts) (PROPRIETARY NAME) Contains Fluorine Compounds. WARNING! POISONOUS IF TAKEN INTERNALLY Avoid breathing dust. Flush spillage to sewer with water 10 RSV0030585 Manual L-2 PART II MANUAL L-2 -- ILLUSTRATIVE WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS Adopted 1945 Revised 1946 PREFACE This Manual contains warning labels suggested by the Manufacturing Chemists' Association to cover the significant hazards inherent in a large number of industrial chemical products. These products have been selected so as to provide illustrative labels for each major type of hazardous chemical which is of commercial importance. In many cases these labels are applicable to other products which are listed only in the index with appropriate cross references. These labels do not cover impurities which may be present in the products and, except in a few instances, do not include precautionary information regarding the handling and storage of the containers. The manufacturer or packer should in each case include on his label additional warn ings to cover the hazards due to impurities which may be present in harmful quantities and, where the facts so indicate, to cover container handling and storage. Suggested first aid treatment has been included for a few products only. The omission of first aid treatment for other products should not in any case be interpreted to mean that it may not be desirable. Individual statutes, regulations or ordinances may require that particular information be included on a label or that a specific label be affixed to a container as in the case of the Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations for Transportation of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles. In each case, the requirements of these laws should also be studied. The warning labels suggested in this Manual should be used in addition to or in combination with any label required by law. These labels have been prepared in accordance with the procedure outlined in Part I, M.C.A. Manual L-l "A Guide for the Preparation of Warning Labels for Hazardous Chemicals." The user should familiarize himself with Manual L-l before adapting any of the label statements con tained in Manual L-2 to his products. It is anticipated that Manual L-2 will be supplemented from time to time as additional illustrative labels are suggested or revisions are made. 11 RSV0030586 Manufacturing Chemisrs Association of tie United Scares Manual L-2 m-TOLUIDINE WARNING! HAZARDOUS LIQUID AND VAPOR RAPIDLY ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN Avoid contact with skin and clothing. Do not breathe vapor. Use with adequate ventilation. in case of contact, immediately wash thoroughly with soap and plenty of water; remove and wash clothing before re-use. TRICHLOROETHYLENE WARNING! VOLATILE SOLVENT Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Do not take internally. TRICHLOROPHENOL (For till isornrric Trichorophenols) CAUTION! MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION Avoid prolonged or repeated contact. Do not take Internally. VINYL CHLORIDE DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. 55 RSV0030587 Manual L-2 Minuficturmg Chemises' Aisoaiuon at the United Sates XYLENE (XYLOL) WARNING! FLAMMABLE Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. ZINC CHLORIDE (Granular, Fused or Solution) CAUTION! MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION Avoid prolonged or repeated contact. 56 RSV0030588 Manual L-2 MANUAL L-2 INDEX Many of the products listed in this index do not appear specifically in the label listings. The labels applicable to such products are indicated by the cross-reference "s.l.a(same label as--). --A-- Acetaldehyde ............................................................ .......................... 12 Acetic Acid Glacial Carboy ........................................................................................... 12 Drum .... 12 80% ................. -................................. . ........................................... 13 56% and 70%................... . ............................................. ............ 13 28% .......................................................................................... 13 Acetic Anhyride . . 14 Acetone .... .... ........................................... ........................ 14 Acetonylacetone .. ... 14 Acetyl Chloride ...................................................... 14 Acrylonitrile.................... 15 Ally! Alcohol .... ................ 16 Allyl Chloride . .... .. ....... ................16 Ammonia, Anhydrous .18 Aqua Carboy 16 Drum . .......... .. ............................ 17 Ammonium Bichromate 18 Ammonium Hydroxide--See Ammonia, Aqua.......... .................. 16-17 Amyl Acetate . ... .18 Aniline ... ............... . .. ..................... 18 o-Anisidine .... 19 p-Anisidine 19 Antimony Trichloride .. ........... 19 Aromatic Industrial Solvent 19-20 Arsenic Trichloride 20 --B-- Barium Hydroxide--s.l.a. Barium Oxide . . Barium Nitrate . Barium Oxide.............. Barium Peroxide .......................................... Benzene ........................ 21 20 21 21 21 57 RSV0030589 Manual L-2 Manufacturing Chemijts' Association uf (be United Scares Benzidine ............... ..................................................... ................. -........ 21 Benzol--See Benzene ............................................................................. 21 Benzoyl Chloride...................... .. ................................................ 22 Benzyl Chloride Carboy .................. ..................................... ............ 22 Drum........ .................. ..................................................... 22 Bichloride of Mercury--See Mercury Bichloride .. . . ......... 38 Bichromates--See SodiumBichromate ......................................... 51 Bromine ... ............................................................................. 23 Butyl Acetate (Normal) . .............. .................... ... 23 Butyl Alcohol Normal or Secondary . ................. 23 Tertiary Butylamine (Normal) ... ............................ 23 24 p-tert. Butylcatechol 24 Butyl Chloride (Normal) 24 Butyl Ether (Normal) .................... 24 Butylidene Acetone--s.I.a. ButylAcetate ....... 23 Butyraldehyde--s.I.a. Ethyl Acetate ....... 3 I Calcium Cyanide ... 25 Carbon Disulfide 25 Carbon Tetrachloride 25 Caustic Potash--s.I.a. Caustic Soda 26 Caustic Soda 26 Chlorinated Diphenyl--s.I.a. ChlorinatedNaphthalene 25 Chlorinated Diphenyl Oxide--s.I.a. ChlorinatedNaphthalene 25 Chlorinated Naphthalene 25 Chlorobenzene, Mono Chloroform 26 ........... .. .... 26 Chlorophenol, Mono, Ortho, Meta, orPara--s.I.a.Phenol 47 Chlorotoluene, Mono .27 Chromates and Bichromates of Sodium and Potassium See Sodium Bichromate 51 Chromic Acid 27 Coal Tar Creosote .. .. .27 Corrosive Sublimate--See Mercury Bichloride ... 38 Creosote Oil--See Coal Tar Creosote Cresol . . 27 29 Cresylic Acid--See Cresol ............... 29 Cyanides, Inorganic...................................................................................28 Cyclohexane ................................................. 29 58 RSV0030590 M&nulictunng Chemists Association of the United Sates Manual L*2 Cyclohexanol ................................ ....... .................................................. 29 Cyclohexanone--s.I.a. Cyclohexanol...................................................... 29 --D-- Diacetone Alcohol--s.I.a. Ethyl Acetate................................................ 31 Dichloroethylene 29 DIchloroethyl Ether ................................................................................. 30 Dichlorophenol ............. -............... -................................................... 30 Diethylamine ........... 30 1,4-Diethylene Dioxide--See Dioxane. .................................................... 31 Diethylenetriamme--s.i.a. Morpholine ... ... ... . 42 Diisobutyl Ketone--s.i.a. Butyl Acetate ... ............. 23 Dimethylaniline--s.i.a. Aniline 18 Dioxane ... ..................................................... 31 Dipropyl Ketone--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate............................................... 23 --E-- Ethyl Acetate .............. Ethyl Acetoacetate--s.i.a. Butyl Acetate Ethyl Bromide Ethyl Butanol--s.i.a. Butyl Acetate 2-Ethylbutyl Acetate--s.i.a. Butyl Acetate 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde--s.i.a. Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Chloride Ethylene Chlorohydrin .... Ethylenediamine--s.l.a. Morpholine . Ethylene Dibromide ... Ethylene Dichloride .... Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Ethyl Ether Ethyl Formate 2-Ethylhexanol--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate ................. 2-Ethylhexyl Acetate--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate ... Ethyl Methacrylate Monomer............................... .... 31 ... .23 ... ... 31 .23 23 31 .... 31 ..32 ...... 42 .32 .............. .32 33 .33 33 ... . 23 ................ .. ... 23 33 --F-- Formaldehyde ... ....................................................... ................34 Formic Acid Barrel ....................... . ........................................ ............................ 34 Carboy ................................................................................................. 35 59 RSV0030591 Manual lr2 Manufacturing Chemists' Assoaauoa of the United States --G-- Glycol Diacetate--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate................................................. 23 Glycol Diformate--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate......................... ....................... 23 --H-- Heptanol-2--s.l.a. Butyl Ace+ate ....................... . ................... .... . 23 Hexanol--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate .............................................................. 23 Hydrochloric Acid .................... 35 Hydrocyanic Acid, Liquid ...................................................................... 35 Hydrofluoric Acid Aqueous ............... ......................................................................... 37 Hydrogen Peroxide Stronger than 25 volume and not exceeding 130 volume.......... 36 25 Volume .........................,,.............................................................. 37 --I-- industrial Petroleum Naphthas and Solvents See Petroleum Naphthas and Solvents, Industrial...................... 45-46 Industrial Solvent, Aromatic ------ . ............... ...... 19-20 Inorganic Cyanides {See Cyanides, Inorganic) ... .... 28 Isophorone--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate 23 Lead Acetate Litharge--s.l.a. Lead Acetate ------ 38 ... 38 --M-- Maleic Anhydride . -- 38 Mercuric Chloride--See Mercury Bichloride ......... .. 38 Mercury Bichloride 38 Mesityl Oxide--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate ... . .......... 23 Methyl Acetoacetate--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate . . .. ... 23 Methyl Amyl Acetate--s.l.a. Methyl n-Amyl Ketone 38 Methyl Amyl Alcohol--s.l.a. Methyl n-Amyl Ketone .................... 38 Methyl n-Amyl Ketone .... . .................................................................38 Methyl Bromide ... .......................................... 39 Methyl iso-Butyl Ketone--s.l.a. Methyl Ethyl Ketone ...... ... 40 Methyl Cyclohexanol--s.l.a. Cyclohexanol .................................... 29 Methyl Cyclohexanone--s.l.a. Cyclohexanol .................................... 29 Methylene Chloride ........ 39 Methyl Ethyl Ketone ............................................................... 40 60 RSV0030592 Manufacturing Chemists Association ol the United States Manual L-2 Methyl Methacrylate Monomer .................................. .......................... 40 Methyl Morpholine--s.I.a. Morpholine........ ......................................... 42 Methyl iso-Propyl Ketone . ....... ........................................................... 40 Mixed Acid (Sulfuric and Nitric) Carboy ........................................ 41 Drum .......................... ............................. ............................................ 41 Monochlorobenzene--See Chlorobenzene, Mono ................................ 26 Monochlorophenol--s.I.a. Phenol 47 Monochlorotoluene--See Chlorotoluene, Mono ..................... ............. 27 Mononitrophenol--See Nitrophenol, Mono ................. ............ ......... 43 Morpholine . 42 Muriatic Acid--See Hydrochloric Acid ............................................. 35 --N-- Naphthas, Industrial Petroleum, and Solvents See Petroleum Naphthas and Solvents .... ........................ 45-46 a-Naphthylamine (containing 5% b-Naphthylamine) s.I.a. b-Naphthylamine .............................................. 42 b-Naphthylamine .. . ............................... 42 Nitric Acid Carboy ........................ ............... ......... .................. .. 42 Drum ................................................ 43 m-Nitroaniline ....... . .......................................... 43 p-Nitroaniline--s.I.a. m-Nitroaniline .................................................. 43 Nitrobenzene--s.I.a. Aniline ...................................... ......... 18 m-Nitro-p-Anisidine--s.l.a. m-Nitroaniline ........................................ 43 p-Nitro-o-Toluidine--s.I.a. m-Nitroaniline ................ 43 Nitrophenol, Mono 43 --O-- Oil of Vitriol--See Sulfuric Acid 53 Oil Solutions of Pentachlorophenol--See Pentachlorophenol, Oil Solutions of . .................... ..................................... ....... 45 Oleum 44 Oxalic Acid ...... . . .................................................. 44 --P-- Paraldehyde ............................................ Pentachlorophenol . Oil Solutions of............................................................................... Perchlorethylene--See Tetrachloroethylene...................... 44 45 45 54 61 RSV0030593 Manual L-2 Minuftmiring Cbcmisis' Association of tbe United States Petroleum Naphthas and Solvents, Industrial ... .. ............. 45-46 o-Phenetidine--s.I.a, p-Phenetidine .................................................. .. .. 46 p-Phenetidine ....................... ........................................................... 46 Phenol ................... ................................................................ 47 p-Phenylenediamine ........................... .................................................. 47 Phosphoric Acid ....................... . .. .........................47 Phosphoric Anhydride * 48 Phosphorus 48 Phosphorus Oxychloride 49 Phosphorus Pentachloride 48 Phosphorus Trichloride--s.I.a. Phosphorus Oxychloride........................49 Potassium Chlorate--s.I.a. Sodium Chlorate 50 Potassium Chromate and Bichromate--See Sodium Bichromate . 51 Potassium Hydroxide--s.I.a. Caustic Soda .26 iso-Propyl Acetate . ... .49 Propylene Chlorohydrin--s.I.a. Ethylene Chlorohydrin........................32 iso-Propyl Ether--s.I.a. Ethyl Ether 33 Pyridine .................................................................................................... 49 --S-- Sample--Label for Experimental Products 50 Silver Nitrate .... ... ..........................50 Sodium Chlorate 50 Sodium Bichromate 5i Sodium Fluoride 51 Sodium Hydrosulfite .... ..51 Sodium Hydroxide--See Caustic Soda . ... 26 Sodium Orthosilicate--s.I.a. Caustic Soda 26 Sodium Sesquisilicate--s.I.a. Caustic Soda 26 Sodium Sulfhydrate--s.I.a. Sodium Sulfide 52 Sodium Sulfide (Granular) 52 Solvents Aromatic Industrial 19-20 Industrial Petroleum Naphthas and Solvents 45-46 Styrene Monomer .... 52 Sulfur Chloride 52 Sulfur Dichloride--s.I.a. Sulfur Chloride 52 Sulfur Dioxide 54 Sulfuric Acid Carboy ................................................ 53 Drum....................................... 53 Sulfuryl Chloride--s.I.a. Sulfur Chloride........................... 52 62 RSV0030594 Manufacturing Chemists' Association of the United States Manual L-2 Tar Acids--s.l.a. Cresol ........................ -- ....................................... 29 Tetrachloroethane . ........ ....................... ........................................ 54 Tetrachloroethylene .......... ........................................ -....................... 54 Tetrachlorophenol--s.l.a. Pentachlorophenol.......................................... 45 Tetraethylenepentamine--s.l.a. Morpholine ......................... 42 Thionyl Chloride--s.l.a. Sulfur Chloride .................. 52 Toluene ................................................................................................... 54 m-Toluidine............ ... 55 o-Toluidine--s.l.a. m-Toluidine........................................ 55 p-Toluidine--s.l.a. m-Toluidine .............. . . . ........................... 55 Toluol--See Toluene .............................................................................. 54 Trichloroethylene .............. 55 Trichlorophenol 55 Triethylenetetramine--sj.a. Morpholine ............... ... 42 Trimethylcyclohexanol--s.l.a. Butyl Acetate .... . 23 --V-- Vinyl Chloride ..... 55 --X-- Xylene Xylidines--s.l.a. m-Toluidine Xylol--See Xylene __ ......... . .... ...... . . .. 56 55 ................. 56 --Z-- Zinc Chloride (Granular, Fused or Solution)........................................ 56 Thu. Manual mckidmc: U-I and L-2, is supplied b> MafinfattufitiR Chemists* Ansociation of the United States b08 Woodward Uuildioi? Washington 5, D C USA Price, 00 each PRINTED IN USA 63 RSV0030595