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HSE Health & Safety Executive MESOTHELIOMA OCCUPATION STATISTICS: MALE AND FEMALE DEATHS AGED 16-74 IN GREAT BRITAIN 1980 - 2000 (excluding 1981) national STaTiSTiCS -1- Mesothelioma deaths by occupation and sex in Great Britain Introduction Numbers of deaths from mesothelioma and asbestosis are published annually by HSE's Epidemiology & Medical statistics Unit. This fact sheet has been produced to provide more detailed mesothelioma statistics by occupation and sex within Great Britain. Statistics are presented for deaths occurring in the 20-year period 1980-2000 (excluding 1981). The fact sheet supersedes a previous version published in 1999 containing mesothelioma statistics by occupation for the period 1979-1995 (excluding 1981). Further information on how the mesothelioma register is compiled is available on the HSE statistics web pages. Coverage of the analysis is as follows: - Both males and females are included. - Deaths at ages 16-74 only are included. Occupation coding is not appropriate for deaths at younger ages and unreliable for deaths at older ages [1, section 2.2]. - Deaths in 1981 are excluded due to unreliable coding of occupation in that year [1, section 4.1]. - Deaths where the occupation given on the death certificate is not that of the deceased are excluded. Classification and coding of occupation Death certificates record a description and code for the most recent full-time occupation of the deceased - ie the occupation at retirement or death for those still employed at the time of death. Only deaths from 1991 onwards are available coded to the Standard Occupational Classification 1990 (SOC90)[2]. Such deaths were recoded to the Classification of Occupations 1980 (CO80)[3] via a bridging code in order to produce a consistent set of occupation groups for the 20-year analysis period. The Southampton Classification of Occupations[4, appendix 3] amalgamates groups within the CO80 framework with similar occupational hazards likely to affect 2 mortality, and was used for the main analysis. However, to maintain consistency with occupational analyses reported elsewhere results using SOC90 for the period 1991 2000 are also given. Only those deaths where the occupation given on the death certificate was that of the deceased were included in the analysis. This resulted in a substantial proportion of female deaths being excluded since the occupation given on the death certificate may often - particularly for deaths in the earlier part of the period - be those of the woman's husband. Measuring mortality Proportional Mortality Ratios (PMRs) have been produced to allow comparison of mesothelioma mortality among different occupational groups within four five-year periods and for the 20-year period as a whole. PMRs summarise the relative mortality among groups - they do not provide an indication of the overall mortality. Measures which do provide an indication of overall mortality - for example, the Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) - could not be produced here, because the annual population data required to calculate the necessary death rates are not available by occupation. More information about the calculation of PMRs is given in Appendix 1. Tables Tables 1 & 2: Tables 3 & 4: Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) with 95% confidence intervals and number of mesothelioma deaths, for males (Table 1) and females (Table 2), for the period 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) by Southampton Classification group and residual Classification of Occupations 1980 group - ie those occupations not covered by the Southampton Classification. Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) and number of mesothelioma deaths, for males (Table 3) and females (Table 4) by 5-year time period (1980-85 (excluding 1981), 1986-90, 1991-95 and 1996-2000) and Southampton Classification 3 Tables 5 & 6: Tables 7 & 8: occupation group. The results of the test for trend in PMRs for each occupation across the time periods are also presented. Numbers of mesothelioma deaths for the period 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) by occupation (Southampton Classification or residual groups from Classification of occupations 1980) showing the cumulative proportion of the total number of mesothelioma deaths. The proportion of all mesothelioma deaths and the PMR are also included. Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) with 95% confidence intervals and number of mesothelioma deaths, for males (Table 7) and females (Table 8), for the period 1991-2000 by Standard Occupational Classification 1990 unit group. Interpretative issues Due to the long latency period for mesothelioma, deaths during 1980-2000 will generally relate to exposures during the 1970s and earlier decades. Ideally, analyses of mesothelioma by occupation should therefore be carried out according to the occupation in which asbestos exposure occurred. However, this is not possible in practice. Death certificates only record the most recent full-time occupation of the deceased, and this may not have been the occupation followed for the greater portion of their life, or that associated with exposure to asbestos. Asbestos exposure before the age of 40 determines the risk of mesothelioma. An analysis of PMRs based on last full-time job will therefore dilute the observed difference between those jobs entailing asbestos dust exposure and other jobs. The potential for such dilution is considerable: a case of mesothelioma caused by work in, say, the construction industry will only be assigned to the construction work category in this analysis if the individual is still in that kind of work when they retired (or died). The dilution will be even stronger for those kinds of work where there have been substantial reductions in the relevant workforce (e.g. shipyards, railway rolling stock). The occupations with the highest PMRs will be those which are genuine 4 sources of risk, but the value of the PMR will understate their true relative risk level. Conversely, the PMRs of other occupations will overstate the level of risk (if any) associated with these occupations. The occupations recording the lowest PMRs will be those which do not entail asbestos exposure and which are unlikely to be the final full-time occupation for individuals with asbestos exposure. A PMR of 100 does not represent the "background" risk for mesothelioma (the level that would be expected in the absence of all asbestos exposure). A hypothetical group of men with zero exposure to asbestos would record a PMR of approximately 6. At the same time it must be remembered that a male PMR of (say) 30 does not necessarily represent a 5-fold background risk arising in that occupation, since the relevant occupation may not be the last one held. A hypothetical group of women with zero exposure to asbestos would record a PMR of approximately 36. This does not mean that women have a higher background risk of mesothelioma than men, rather, because the total number of mesotheliomas is much lower for women, the small number of background cases represent a larger proportion of the total. An occupation group with a PMR greater than 100 indicates that the level of mesothelioma mortality is higher than the average for all occupations. However, there may be substantial statistical uncertainty associated with the PMR - particularly for groups with only a small number of deaths. 95% Confidence Intervals give an indication of this uncertainty. PMRs for occupation groups which have a lower confidence limit greater than 100 are judged to be statistically significant. A list of the occupation groups sorted in descending order of the lower confidence limit will therefore identify those which can most reliably said to be of highest risk at the top. Conversely, occupation groups with low PMRs and which have the lowest values for the upper confidence limit can most reliably said to be of lowest risk. A list of the occupation groups sorted in descending order of the upper confidence limit will therefore identify those which can most reliably said to be of lowest risk at the bottom. 5 Results and disussion of results Overall PMRsfor males andfemales, 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) Occupations with the highest risks can generally be associated with three broad areas of asbestos use: shipbuilding, railway carriage and locomotive building, and the installation and maintenance of lagging or other insulation materials in buildings or industrial plant. Workers in asbestos manufacturing are not brought together under a single occupational code, and do not emerge as an identifiable high-risk group in this analysis. Males The following table gives the 20 occupations with highest risk for males (sorted in descending order of the lower confidence limit) and the 20 occupations with lowest risk (sorted in descending order of the upper confidence limit) for the whole period 1980-2000 (excluding 1981). 6 Highest and lowest risk occupationsfor males Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths Top 20 occupations with PMRs greater than 100 and statistically significant 146 Metal Plate Workers 265 52.7 153 Vehicle Body Builders 83 15.8 144 Plumbers And Gas Fitters 619 149.9 104 Carpenters 887 228.9 137 Electricians 496 177.8 145 Sheet Metal Workers 144 61.3 138 Electrical Plant Operators 54 20.6 132 Production Fitters 850 405.9 174 Construction Workers nec 486 228.1 143 Electrical Engineers (so described) 140 64.9 194 Boiler Operators 83 37.9 136 Electrical And Electronic Production Fitters 27 10.4 39 Managers In Construction 123 61.4 27 Chemical Engineers And Scientists 52 23.5 149 Welders 204 108.3 169 Builders etc. 338 194.5 30 Professional Engineers nec 276 159.5 160 Painters And Decorators nec 361 224.2 111(O) Managers nec 212 137.8 148 Scaffolders 36 19.2 Bottom 20 occupations with PMRs less than 100 and statistically significant 178 Railway Signal Workers 3 15.1 185 Bus Conductors And Drivers Mates 5 20.3 55 Petrol Pump Attendants 0 6.5 94 Compositors 2 12.8 74 Other Textile Workers 22 60.4 78 Food Processors 24 68.8 15 Doctors 10 35.6 163 Assemblers (Vehicles And Other Metal Goods) 15 48.2 82 Glass And Ceramics Furnace Workers 0 7.3 68 Leather And Shoe Workers 9 34.3 42 Butchers 23 70.7 18 Pharmacists 1 11.9 8 Government Administrators 10 39.5 76 Bakers 9 40.0 1 Lawyers 4 25.9 175 Face Trained Coalminers 17 72.4 127 Fettlers And Dressers (Metal) 0 10.5 59 Cooks And Kitchen Porters 15 71.0 47 Farmers 114 441.4 88 Other Coal Miners 64 265.7 PMR 502.5 525.6 413.0 387.5 279.0 234.8 262.6 209.4 213.1 215.7 219.2 259.9 200.2 221.2 188.4 173.8 173.0 161.0 153.9 188.0 19.9 24.7 0.0 15.6 36.4 34.9 28.1 31.1 0.0 26.2 32.5 8.4 25.4 22.5 15.5 23.5 0.0 21.1 25.8 24.1 95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper 444 565 419 652 381 446 362 413 255 304 198 275 197 343 196 224 195 232 181 253 175 272 171 378 166 237 165 290 163 215 156 193 153 194 145 178 134 175 132 260 4 58 8 58 0 57 2 56 23 55 22 52 13 52 17 51 0 50 12 50 21 49 0 47 12 47 10 43 4 40 14 38 0 35 12 35 21 31 19 31 *1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. *nec denotes not elsewhere classified 7 Females PMRs for females will be especially sensitive to errors in the coding of occupation on mesothelioma death certificates for groups where the expected number of cases is very small. In particular, high PMRs would result for occupation groups with very few female workers if a husband's occupation was incorrectly stated as being a woman's own occupation on the death certificate. Occupation groups with PMRs statistically significantly higher or lower than 100 are shown in the following table. Highest and lowest risk occupationsforfemales Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR 95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper Occupations with PMRs greater than 100 and statistically significant 146 Metal Plate Workers 2 75 Chemical Workers 15 346(O) (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Other 40 86 Plastics Workers 3 204(O) Other Material Processing - All Other (Excluding Metal) nec 2 98 Tailors And Dressmakers 18 54 Postal Workers 9 57 Sales Representatives 8 74 Other Textile Workers 20 Occupations with PMRs less than 100 and statistically significant 46 Caterers 29 124 Machine Tool Operators 1 17 Nurses 32 0.1 2.7 12.8 0.3 0.2 8.1 3.6 3.3 12.2 2745.8 554.5 312.3 1079.9 1169.1 222.4 249.2 242.2 164.6 46.3 7.2 63.4 62.6 13.9 50.5 346 310 223 221 142 132 114 105 101 42 0 35 *1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. *nec denotes not elsewhere classified 10321 913 425 3131 4250 352 473 478 254 90 77 71 Analysis oftrends in the PMR over time In order to avoid unreliable results based on small number of cases, the trend analysis (Tables 3 and 4) is only presented for occupations which would be expected to have at least 20 mesothelioma deaths over the 20-year period, or where 20 or more deaths were actually observed. This criterion reduces the number of groups substantially especially for females where the numbers of cases are generally much lower. 8 The number of deaths due to mesothelioma has increased almost threefold over the 20-year period from 2317 in 1980-85 (excluding 1981) to 6475 in 1996-2000. A constant PMR for an occupation in each 5-year time period would indicate that the number of mesotheliomas recorded for this occupation was increasing in line with the total. The trend test identifies those occupations where the number of mesotheliomas is increasing significantly more or less rapidly than the all occupations total (after allowing for changes in occupational and age structure over time). For males (see Table 3): The PMRs for most occupational groups have remained stable over time. Of the 115 occupation groups for which the trend test was carried out, only 9 (8%) showed a statistically significant trend. This is only three more than the number expected to be identified by chance alone due to the large number of statistical tests carried out (one for each occupation). Three occupations were identified as having a statistically significant increasing trend in the PMR over the 4 time periods. That is, the number of mesothelioma deaths increased more rapidly over time than the all occupations total. Six occupations were identified as having a statistically significant decreasing trend in the PMR. That is, the number of mesothelioma deaths increased less rapidly over time than the all occupations total, or actually decreased. It is likely that two different effects are occurring here: First, the proportion of mesothelioma cases arising from some early high risk occupations: metal plate workers (shipyards) and upholsterers (insulation mattresses) has fallen, as other sources of exposure developed. Second, for occupations where the risk is dominated by heavy exposures to asbestos within certain industries in the past, but where the industries have now largely died out - for example, metal plate workers in shipbuilding - the effect mentioned earlier of risks being `diluted' will occur increasingly strongly over the period observed. Substantial proportions of those exposed to asbestos in these industries will have 9 moved into other occupations before death. For example, a metal plate worker employed in the shipbuilding industry during, say, the 1960s will most likely have been employed in some other occupation since then, and this more recent occupation will be the one recorded on the death certificate. Other examples of occupations showing a negative trend in the PMR and where high asbestos exposures in the past are well known include dockers and goods porters, and upholsterers. A consequence of this is that PMRs will tend to increase over time for lower risk occupations since the PMRs in each time period must average 100 - an effect that is evident in these data. 10 Table 1: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for males aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Southampton occupation group, 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) 95% Confidence Interval Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR 1 Lawyers 4 25.9 1 5.5 2 Accountants 68 108.5 62.7 3 Personnel Managers etc. 35 35.0 99.9 4 Economists And Statisticians 1 3.9 25.7 5 Computer Programmers 13 14.6 89.3 6 Sales Managers etc 114 131.5 86.7 7 Government Inspectors 42 30.0 139.9 8 Government Administrators 10 39.5 25.4 9 Other Administrators 55 68.4 80.4 10 Teachers In Higher Education 66 54.4 121.3 11 Teachers nec 72 125.6 57.3 12 Vocational Trainers, Social Scientists etc 35 35.8 97.7 13 Welfare Workers 51 47.9 106.6 14 Clergy 12 29.5 40.7 15 Doctors 10 35.6 28.1 16 Dentists 5 8.0 62.3 17 Nurses 17 38.7 44.0 18 Pharmacists 1 11.9 8.4 19 Medical Radiographers 2 1.3 159.6 20 Physiotherapists 0 1.5 0.0 21 Health Professions nec 3 13.3 22.5 22 Veterinarians 2 3.2 62.4 23 Driving Instructors 8 19.1 42.0 24 Literary And Artistic Occupations 63 103.3 61.0 25 Persons Involved In Sport 2 4.5 44.4 26 Biological Scientists 8 9.7 82.8 27 Chemical Engineers And Scientists 52 23.5 221.2 28 Physical Scientists And Mathematicians 25 21.4 117.1 29 Electrical And Electronic Engineers (Professional) 25 25.9 96.5 30 Professional Engineers nec 276 159.5 173.0 31 Draughtspersons 85 54.0 157.4 32 Laboratory Technicians 76 48.1 158.1 33 Architects And Surveyors 76 63.7 119.4 34 Aircraft Flight Deck Officers 2 6.7 29.7 35 Air Traffic Controllers 1 2.1 48.2 36 Seafarers 70 81.9 85.5 37 Technicians nec 72 43.2 166.5 38 Production And Maintenance Managers 204 220.8 92.4 39 Managers In Construction 123 61.4 200.2 40 Managers in Transport, Utilities And Mining 96 136.9 70.1 41 Office Managers 72 140.4 51.3 42 Butchers 23 70.7 32.5 43 Fishmongers And Poultry Dressers 7 12.2 57.2 44 Retailers And Dealers 255 486.6 52.4 45 Publicans And Bar Staff 88 155.5 56.6 46 Caterers 36 72.1 50.0 47 Farmers 114 441.4 25.8 48 Armed Forces 60 75.3 79.7 49 Police 32 70.3 45.5 50 Fire Service Personnel 27 25.3 106.7 51 Launderers And Dry Cleaners 12 13.1 91.3 52 Hairdressers 7 20.1 34.9 53 Office Workers And Cashiers 401 717.1 55.9 54 Postal Workers 132 159.7 82.7 55 Petrol Pump Attendants 0 6.5 0.0 Lower 4 49 70 1 48 72 101 12 61 94 45 68 79 21 13 20 26 0 19 0 5 8 18 47 5 36 165 76 62 153 1 26 125 94 4 1 67 130 80 166 57 40 21 23 46 45 35 21 61 31 70 47 14 51 69 0 Upper 40 79 139 143 153 103 189 47 105 154 72 136 140 71 52 1 45 70 47 578 243 66 225 83 78 161 163 290 173 142 194 195 198 149 107 268 108 210 106 237 86 65 49 118 59 70 69 31 103 64 155 160 72 62 97 57 11 Table 1: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 56 Van Sales Persons 57 Sales Representatives 58 Security Workers 59 Cooks And Kitchen Porters 60 Other Service Occupations 61 Hospital Porters And Ward Orderlies 62 Ambulance Workers 63 Railway Station Workers 64 Undertakers 65 Foresters 66 Fishing And Related Workers 67 Tannery Workers 68 Leather And Shoe Workers 69 Preparatory Fibre Processors 70 Spinners And Winders 71 Warp Preparers And Weavers 72 Knitters 73 Bleachers, Dyers And Finishers 74 Other Textile Workers 75 Chemical Workers 76 Bakers 77 Brewery Workers 78 Food Processors 79 Paper Manufacturers 80 Bookbinders 81 Paper Cutters 82 Glass And Ceramics Furnace Workers 83 Glass Formers And Decorators 84 Ceramics Casters 85 Rubber Manufacturers 86 Plastics Workers 87 Man-Made Fibre Makers 88 Other Coal Miners 89 Tobacco Workers 90 Other Wood And Paper Processors 91 Other Occupations-Glass And Ceramics 92 Rubber Goods Makers 93 Plastic Goods Makers 94 Compositors 95 Printing Plate Repairers 96 Printing Machine Minders 97 Printers (so described) 98 Tailors And Dressmakers 99 Clothing Cutters 100 Sewers And Embroiderers 101 Upholsterers 102 Carpet Fitters 103 Other Workers With Fabrics 104 Carpenters 105 Cabinet Makers 106 Case And Box Makers 107 Pattern Makers 108 Woodworking Machinists 109 Other Woodworkers 110 Dental Technicians 95% Confidence Interval Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 15 35.7 42.0 23 69 130 185.5 70.1 59 83 147 210.8 69.8 59 81 15 71.0 21.1 12 35 200 298.5 67.0 58 77 26 58.5 44.5 29 65 17 17.3 98.0 57 157 34 59.0 57.6 40 81 3 6.7 44.9 9 131 4 1 4.6 27.3 7 70 8 19.9 40.2 17 79 1 4.7 21.5 1 120 9 34.3 26.2 12 50 2 5.3 37.7 5 136 8 8.3 96.8 42 191 5 15.8 31.8 10 74 2 9.3 21.5 3 78 8 13.2 60.8 26 120 22 60.4 36.4 23 55 84 105.5 79.6 63 99 9 40.0 22.5 10 43 8 17.7 45.1 19 89 24 68.8 34.9 22 52 9 7.2 125.4 57 238 2 5.5 36.2 4 131 1 3.5 28.8 1 161 0 7.3 0.0 0 50 5 9.5 52.7 17 123 1 4.7 21.1 1 118 7 13.1 53.5 21 110 7 8.1 86.0 35 177 3 2.7 112.6 23 330 64 265.7 24.1 19 31 4 3.6 111.0 30 284 8 13.7 58.3 25 115 15 34.7 43.3 24 71 6 11.5 52.1 19 113 11 15.5 71.2 36 127 2 12.8 1 5.6 2 56 0 4.0 0.0 0 92 14 19.8 70.8 39 119 31 62.6 49.5 34 70 4 15.5 25.9 7 66 4 7.4 53.8 15 138 2 5.8 34.7 4 125 34 18.5 184.2 128 257 7 5.5 126.3 51 260 9 6.3 142.9 65 271 887 228.9 387.5 362 413 35 20.8 168.5 117 234 8 6.1 130.6 56 258 5 8.8 56.9 18 133 40 30.0 133.2 95 181 11 8.5 129.1 64 231 0 4.9 0.0 0 76 12 Table 1: Continued 95% Confidence Interval Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR 111 Other Makers Of Paper Goods 6 12.1 49.5 112 Furnace Operatives (Metal) 9 19.5 46.2 113 Rollers (Metal) 0 3.5 0.0 114 Smiths And Forge Workers 17 20.2 84.1 115 Metal Drawers 2 5.3 38.0 116 Moulders And Coremakers (Metal) 13 31.8 40.9 117 Electroplaters 4 5.5 72.5 118 Annealers, Hardeners, Temperers (Metal) 0 4.6 0.0 119 Galvanisers And Tin Platers 0 3.6 0.0 120 Other Metal Manufacturers 21 53.3 39.4 121 Press And Machine Tool Setters 17 40.4 42.1 122 Centre Lathe Turners 22 39.3 56.0 123 Machine Tool Setter Operators 5 9.4 53.4 124 Machine Tool Operators 505 371.5 135.9 125 Press And Automatic Machine Operators 10 15.3 65.5 126 Metal Polishers 3 13.2 22.8 127 Fettlers And Dressers (Metal) 0 10.5 0.0 128 Shot Blasters 3 4.6 65.9 129 Toolmakers 48 67.9 70.8 130 Precision Instrument Makers 33 23.8 138.5 131 Watch And Clock Makers 1 8.2 12.3 132 Production Fitters 850 405.9 209.4 133 Motor Mechanics 60 124.1 48.4 134 Aircraft Engine Fitters 1 2.6 37.9 135 Office Machinery Mechanics 1 2.1 46.9 136 Electrical And Electronic Production Fitters 27 10.4 259.9 137 Electricians 496 177.8 279.0 138 Electrical Plant Operators 54 20.6 262.6 139 Telephone Fitters 53 47.5 111.6 140 Electric Cable And Line Workers 9 15.4 58.3 141 Radio And TV Mechanics 9 17.8 50.7 142 Other Electronic Maintenance Engineers 38 43.0 88.4 143 Electrical Engineers (so described) 140 64.9 215.7 144 Plumbers And Gas Fitters 619 149.9 413.0 145 Sheet Metal Workers 144 61.3 234.8 146 Metal Plate Workers 265 52.7 502.5 147 Steel Erectors 62 36.9 168.0 148 Scaffolders 36 1 9.2 188.0 149 Welders 204 1 08.3 188.4 150 Riggers 22 1 4.5 151.8 151 Jewellery Workers 1 4.0 24.8 152 Engravers And Etchers (Printing) 2 2.0 99.8 153 Vehicle Body Builders 83 15.8 525.6 154 Oilers And Greasers 3 3.3 90.5 155 Electronics Wiremen 6 3.0 198.5 156 Coil Winders 6 2.6 227.5 157 Pottery Decorators 0 1.2 0.0 158 Coach Painters 3 4.2 72.0 159 Other Spray Painters 22 27.0 81.4 160 Painters And Decorators nec 361 224.2 161.0 161 Electrical Electronic Assemblers 8 11.9 67.2 162 Instrument Assemblers 2 0.6 340.8 163 Assemblers (Vehicles And Other Metal Goods) 15 48.2 31.1 164 Packers And Sorters 25 51.5 48.6 165 Bricklayers And Tile Setters 129 114.4 112.8 Lower 18 21 0 49 5 22 20 0 0 24 25 35 17 124 31 5 0 14 52 95 0 196 37 1 1 171 255 197 84 27 23 63 181 381 198 444 129 1 32 1 63 95 1 12 419 19 73 83 0 15 51 145 29 41 17 31 94 Upper 108 88 107 135 137 70 1 86 81 104 60 67 85 125 148 120 67 35 193 94 194 68 224 62 211 262 378 304 343 146 111 96 121 253 446 275 565 215 260 215 230 138 361 652 264 432 495 297 210 123 178 132 1225 51 72 133 13 Table 1: Continued 95% Confidence Interval soutnampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 53(O) 64(O) 106(O) 111(O) 165(O) 204(O) 222(O) 230(O) 276(O) 277(O) 278(O) 286(O) 299(O) 338(O) 344(O) 346(O) Mason And Stonecutters Plasterers Roofers And Glaziers Builders etc. Rail Track Workers Road Construction Workers And Paviours Sewage Plant Attendants Mains And Service Layers Construction Workers nec Face Trained Coalminers Mines (Not Coal) And Quarry Workers Railway Guards Railway Signal Workers Shunters And Points Operators Railway Engine Drivers Road Transport Inspectors Bus And Coach Drivers Lorry Drivers Other Motor Drivers Bus Conductors And Drivers Mates Mechanical Plant Drivers Crane Drivers Fork Lift Truck Drivers Slingers Storekeepers Dockers And Good Porters Refuse Collectors Labourers In Coke Ovens Boiler Operators Professional And Related Education, Welfare, Health Nec Literary, Artistic And Sports Workers Nec Entertainment And Sports Managers Managers Nec Service Workers Nec Other Material Processing - All Other (Excluding Metal) Nec Musical Instrument Makers, Piano Tuners Other Making & Repairing - All Other (Excluding Metal And Electrical) Nec Other Metal, Jewellery, Electrical Production Workers (Foremen) Engineering And Allied Trades Trainee Craftsmen (Engineering And Allied Trades) (Foremen) Inspectors Etc Metal, Electrical Goods Painting, Assembling And Related Occupations Nec Workers Transport Ops, Materials Moving, Storage & Related (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Engineering And Allied Trades (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Other 5 65 56 338 10 22 6 11 486 17 8 6 3 1 44 7 48 291 67 5 17 51 51 7 232 151 18 3 83 3 3 19 212 18 5 1 14 1 66 9 0 63 33 25 98 388 18.7 42.6 37.7 194.5 20.2 41.6 13.7 18.1 228.1 72.4 19.6 14.5 15.1 6.6 39.4 17.8 106.2 559.3 99.5 20.3 34.8 64.0 63.5 9.7 341.3 100.2 38.8 5.8 37.9 6.7 4.0 21.6 137.8 40.0 1 0.7 2.5 1 8.6 26.7 152.5 148.6 173.8 49.5 52.9 44.0 60.9 213.1 23.5 40.8 41.5 19.9 15.2 111.7 39.2 45.2 52.0 67.4 24.7 48.8 79.6 80.3 72.5 68.0 150.7 46.4 51.9 219.2 44.6 75.0 88.1 153.9 45.0 46.7 39.9 75.1 9 118 112 156 24 33 16 30 195 14 18 15 4 0 81 16 33 46 52 8 28 59 60 29 60 128 28 11 175 9 15 53 134 27 15 1 41 62 1 94 193 193 91 80 96 109 232 38 80 90 58 85 150 81 60 58 86 58 78 105 106 149 77 176 73 152 272 130 219 138 175 71 109 223 126 113.3 16.5 0.0 146.6 54.4 0.0 1 25 170 25 103 0 36889 90.1 69.9 54 89 23.3 1 41 .4 97 199 24.8 1 00.7 65 149 188.1 533.3 52.1 72.8 42 66 63 80 348(O) All Other In Miscellaneous Operations Nec 15 7.1 211.6 118 349 1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. nec denotes not elsewhere classified. 14 Table 2: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for females aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Southampton occupation group, 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) 95% Confidence Interval Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 1 Lawyers 0 0.6 0.0 0 576 2 Accountants 1 2.1 47.5 1 265 3 Personnel Managers etc. 0 2.4 0.0 0 156 4 Economists And Statisticians 0 0.3 0.0 0 1419 5 Computer Programmers 0 0.7 0.0 0 520 6 Sales Managers etc 3 4.2 71.2 15 208 7 Government Inspectors 1 0.4 277.9 7 1548 8 Government Administrators 2 2.4 82.6 10 299 9 Other Administrators 14 9.7 144.8 79 243 10 Teachers In Higher Education 2 3.5 56.5 7 204 11 Teachers nec 42 42.0 100.0 72 135 12 Vocational Trainers, Social Scientists etc 4 2.1 195.5 53 500 13 Welfare Workers 13 15.9 82.0 44 140 14 Clergy 0 1.7 0.0 0 212 15 Doctors 1 2.0 50.1 1 279 16 Dentists 0 0.2 0.0 0 1 537 17 Nurses 32 63.4 50.5 35 71 18 Pharmacists 2 0.9 236.6 28 850 19 Medical Radiographers 2 0.7 300.0 36 1078 20 Physiotherapists 1 1.3 75.8 2 422 21 Health Professions nec 4 3.1 130.2 36 334 22 Veterinarians 0 0.1 0.0 0 4611 23 Driving Instructors 1 0.3 369.8 9 2064 24 Literary And Artistic Occupations 4 7.3 55.1 15 141 25 Persons Involved In Sport 1 0.3 324.7 8 1797 26 Biological Scientists 1 0.6 155.9 4 871 27 Chemical Engineers And Scientists 0 0.2 0.0 0 1537 28 Physical Scientists And Mathematicians 0 0.4 0.0 0 878 29 Electrical And Electronic Engineers (Professional) 0 0.1 0.0 0 3074 30 Professional Engineers nec 1 0.3 326.9 8 1797 31 Draughtspersons 1 0.8 126.4 3 705 32 Laboratory Technicians 8 3.6 224.7 97 443 33 Architects And Surveyors 0 0.3 0.0 0 1118 34 Aircraft Flight Deck Officers 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 35 Air Traffic Controllers 0 0.0 0.0 0 12296 36 Seafarers 1 0.0 2243.1 63 13929 37 Technicians nec 3 0.9 353.4 73 1031 38 Production And Maintenance Managers 0 3.4 0.0 0 110 39 Managers In Construction 0 0.4 0.0 0 878 40 Managers in Transport, Utilities And Mining 1 1.6 62.0 2 346 41 Office Managers 8 9.4 84.8 37 167 42 Butchers 0 0.8 0.0 0 479 43 Fishmongers And Poultry Dressers 0 0.5 0.0 0 683 44 Retailers And Dealers 86 90.8 94.7 76 117 45 Publicans And Bar Staff 14 18.2 76.8 42 129 46 Caterers 29 46.3 62.6 42 90 47 Farmers 7 7.9 88.8 36 1 83 48 Armed Forces 1 0.6 173.8 4 961 49 Police 0 0.5 0.0 0 753 50 Fire Service Personnel 0 0.1 0.0 0 5270 51 Launderers And Dry Cleaners 10 8.6 116.3 56 214 52 Hairdressers 5 6.7 74.2 24 1 73 53 Office Workers And Cashiers 241 240.6 100.2 88 113 54 Postal Workers 9 3.6 249.2 114 473 55 Petrol Pump Attendants 0 0.5 0.0 0 696 15 Table 2: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 56 Van Sales Persons 57 Sales Representatives 58 Security Workers 59 Cooks And Kitchen Porters 60 Other Service Occupations 61 Hospital Porters And Ward Orderlies 62 Ambulance Workers 63 Railway Station Workers 64 Undertakers 65 Foresters 66 Fishing And Related Workers 67 Tannery Workers 68 Leather And Shoe Workers 69 Preparatory Fibre Processors 70 Spinners And Winders 71 Warp Preparers And Weavers 72 Knitters 73 Bleachers, Dyers And Finishers 74 Other Textile Workers 75 Chemical Workers 76 Bakers 77 Brewery Workers 78 Food Processors 79 Paper Manufacturers 80 Bookbinders 81 Paper Cutters 82 Glass And Ceramics Furnace Workers 83 Glass Formers And Decorators 84 Ceramics Casters 85 Rubber Manufacturers 86 Plastics Workers 87 Man-Made Fibre Makers 88 Other Coal Miners 89 Tobacco Workers 90 Other Wood And Paper Processors 91 Other Occupations-Glass And Ceramics 92 Rubber Goods Makers 93 Plastic Goods Makers 94 Compositors 95 Printing Plate Repairers 96 Printing Machine Minders 97 Printers (so described) 98 Tailors And Dressmakers 99 Clothing Cutters 100 Sewers And Embroiderers 101 Upholsterers 102 Carpet Fitters 103 Other Workers With Fabrics 104 Carpenters 105 Cabinet Makers 106 Case And Box Makers 107 Pattern Makers 108 Woodworking Machinists 109 Other Woodworkers 110 Dental Technicians 95% Confidence Interval Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 0 0.4 0.0 0 946 8 3.3 242.2 105 478 3 3.0 100.0 21 292 23 30.4 75.7 48 114 120 120.7 99.4 82 118 21 23.5 89.3 55 136 1 0.2 464.4 12 2533 0 0.4 0.0 0 922 0 0.1 0.0 0 3354 0 0.0 0.0 0 9222 0 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0 0.2 0.0 0 2049 4 5.4 74.1 20 190 1 0.8 130.8 3 733 6 4.6 130.4 48 284 9 5.4 166.2 76 316 0 2.7 0.0 0 1 38 1 0.6 183.2 5 1013 20 12.2 164.6 101 254 15 2.7 554.5 310 913 4 1.8 224.2 61 575 2 0.5 415.0 50 1505 7 10.2 69.0 28 142 0 0.2 0.0 0 2049 0 2.0 0.0 0 1 89 0 0.1 0.0 0 5270 0 0.1 0.0 0 7378 0 0.4 0.0 0 971 0 0.6 0.0 0 647 0 0.3 0.0 0 1272 3 0.3 1079.9 221 3131 0 0.1 0.0 0 6148 0 0.0 0.0 0 12296 1 0.9 106.0 3 593 1 1.2 81.3 2 453 0 2.6 0.0 0 144 0 0.7 0.0 0 551 2 1.5 133.1 16 482 0 0.1 0.0 0 2635 0 0.1 0.0 0 7378 1 1.4 70.0 2 390 1 1.3 79.7 2 442 18 8.1 222.4 132 352 1 1.1 92.7 2 516 34 23.9 142.5 99 199 1 0.9 107.1 3 599 0 0.0 0.0 0 12296 0 1.7 0.0 0 216 0 0.1 0.0 0 2838 0 0.1 0.0 0 2838 0 0.1 0.0 0 5270 0 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0 0.3 0.0 0 1272 1 0.2 619.6 16 3482 0 0.1 0.0 0 5270 16 Table 2: Continued 95% Confidence Interval Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 111 Other Makers Of Paper Goods 1 2.6 39.1 1 218 112 Furnace Operatives (Metal) 0 0.0 0.0 0 18445 113 Rollers (Metal) 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 114 Smiths And Forge Workers 0 0.0 0.0 0 18445 115 Metal Drawers 0 0.1 0.0 0 3354 116 Moulders And Coremakers (Metal) 0 0.4 0.0 0 900 117 Electroplaters 0 0.1 0.0 0 6148 118 Annealers, Hardeners, Temperers (Metal) 0 0.0 0.0 0 18445 119 Galvanisers And Tin Platers 0 0.1 0.0 0 7378 120 Other Metal Manufacturers 0 0.3 0.0 0 1153 121 Press And Machine Tool Setters 0 0.1 0.0 0 3689 122 Centre Lathe Turners 0 0.1 0.0 0 4099 123 Machine Tool Setter Operators 0 0.0 0.0 0 12296 124 Machine Tool Operators 1 7.2 13.9 0 77 125 Press And Automatic Machine Operators 4 2.8 141.2 39 362 126 Metal Polishers 1 0.4 239.7 6 1327 127 Fettlers And Dressers (Metal) 0 0.2 0.0 0 1844 128 Shot Blasters 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 129 Toolmakers 0 0.1 0.0 0 4611 130 Precision Instrument Makers 0 0.2 0.0 0 2170 131 Watch And Clock Makers 0 0.1 0.0 0 7378 132 Production Fitters 2 0.4 465.9 56 1680 133 Motor Mechanics 0 0.2 0.0 0 1942 134 Aircraft Engine Fitters 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 135 Office Machinery Mechanics 0 0.0 0.0 - - 136 Electrical And Electronic Production Fitters 0 0.2 0.0 0 2306 137 Electricians 0 0.5 0.0 0 802 138 Electrical Plant Operators 0 0.0 0.0 0 12296 139 Telephone Fitters 0 0.2 0.0 0 1942 140 Electric Cable And Line Workers 0 0.1 0.0 0 6148 141 Radio And TV Mechanics 0 0.0 0.0 0 12296 142 Other Electronic Maintenance Engineers 0 0.3 0.0 0 1419 143 Electrical Engineers (so described) 0 0.1 0.0 0 5270 144 Plumbers And Gas Fitters 0 0.1 0.0 0 7378 145 Sheet Metal Workers 0 0.1 0.0 0 3354 146 Metal Plate Workers 2 0.1 2745.8 346 10321 147 Steel Erectors 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 148 Scaffolders 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 149 Welders 2 0.9 218.0 26 785 150 Riggers 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 151 Jewellery Workers 1 0.2 440.2 11 2422 152 Engravers And Etchers (Printing) 0 0.1 0.0 0 4611 153 Vehicle Body Builders 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 154 Oilers And Greasers 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 155 Electronics Wiremen 1 0.4 243.3 6 1359 156 Coil Winders 0 0.8 0.0 0 479 157 Pottery Decorators 1 1.0 99.0 3 552 158 Coach Painters 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 159 Other Spray Painters 0 0.3 0.0 0 1317 160 Painters And Decorators nec 1 0.4 247.7 6 1393 161 Electrical Electronic Assemblers 3 6.4 46.9 10 137 162 Instrument Assemblers 0 0.3 0.0 0 1419 163 Assemblers (Vehicles And Other Metal Goods) 3 3.0 98.6 20 288 164 Packers And Sorters 18 16.0 112.2 67 177 165 Bricklayers And Tile Setters 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 17 Table 2: Continued 95% Confidence Interval Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 53(O) 64(O) 106(O) 111(O) 165(O) 204(O) 222(O) 230(O) 276(O) 277(O) 278(O) 286(O) 299(O) 338(O) 344(O) 346(O) 348(O) Mason And Stonecutters Plasterers Roofers And Glaziers Builders etc. Rail Track Workers Road Construction Workers And Paviors Sewage Plant Attendants Mains And Service Layers Construction Workers nec Face Trained Coalminers Mines (Not Coal) And Quarry Workers Railway Guards Railway Signal Workers Shunters And Points Operators Railway Engine Drivers Road Transport Inspectors Bus And Coach Drivers Lorry Drivers Other Motor Drivers Bus Conductors And Drivers Mates Mechanical Plant Drivers Crane Drivers Fork Lift Truck Drivers Slingers Storekeepers Dockers And Good Porters Refuse Collectors Labourers In Coke Ovens Boiler Operators Professional And Related Education, Welfare, Health Nec Literary, Artistic And Sports Workers Nec Entertainment And Sports Managers Managers Nec Service Workers Nec Other Material Processing - All Other (Excluding Metal) Nec Musical Instrument Makers, Piano Tuners Other Making & Repairing - All Other (Excluding Metal And Electrical) Nec Other Metal, Jewellery, Electrical Production Workers (Foremen) Engineering And Allied Trades Trainee Craftsmen (Engineering And Allied Trades) (Foremen) Inspectors Etc Metal, Electrical Goods Painting, Assembling And Related Occupations Nec Workers Transport Ops, Materials Moving, Storage & Related (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Engineering And Allied Trades (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Other All Other In Miscellaneous Operations Nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 10 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 10 4 2 0 0 5 0 0 2 7 0 4 40 1 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0.1 0.0 0 2635 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.1 1101.1 28 6191 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0.1 0.0 0 3354 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 - - 0.1 0.0 0 6148 0.4 0.0 0 1025 1.2 242.0 50 707 0.6 0.0 0 647 2.4 124.4 26 364 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.2 0.0 0 2459 0.1 0.0 0 3689 0.0 0.0 - - 5.4 183.8 88 338 0.1 859.7 21 4643 0.1 1316.5 32 6965 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 36889 2.7 74.3 9 269 1.9 108.3 13 1.2 0.0 0 8.5 117.9 57 3.7 109.6 30 391 321 217 281 0.2 1169.1 1 42 4250 0.0 0.0 0 12296 1.5 0.0 0 243 6.1 82.2 27 1 92 0.3 0.0 0 1317 0.0 0.0 - - 4.9 40.8 5 1 47 5.4 129.0 52 266 0.2 0.0 0 1 537 2.4 165.4 45 12.8 312.3 223 0.1 1266.6 32 423 425 6965 1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. nec denotes not elsewhere classified 18 Table 3: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for males aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Southampton occupation group and 5-year time period, 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) J Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 1 Lawyers 2 Accountants 3 Personnel Managers etc. 6 Sales Managers etc 7 Government Inspectors 8 Government Administrators 9 Other Administrators 10 Teachers In Higher Education 11 Teachers nec 12 Vocational Trainers, Social Scientists etc 13 Welfare Workers 14 Clergy 15 Doctors 17 Nurses 24 Literary And Artistic Occupations 27 Chemical Engineers And Scientists 28 Physical Scientists And Mathematicians 29 Electrical And Electronic Engineers (Professional) 30 Professional Engineers nec 31 Draughtspersons 32 Laboratory Technicians 33 Architects And Surveyors 36 Seafarers 37 Technicians nec 38 Production And Maintenance Managers 39 Managers In Construction 40 Managers in Transport, Utilities And Mining 41 Office Managers 42 Butchers 44 Retailers And Dealers 45 Publicans And Bar Staff 46 Caterers 1980 - 1985 (excl 81) 1986 - 1990 Total Deaths Total Expected Deaths Deaths PMR Deaths PMR 4 25.9 68 108.5 35 35.0 114 131.5 42 30.0 10 39.5 55 68.4 66 54.4 72 125.6 35 35.8 51 47.9 12 29.5 10 35.6 17 38.7 63 103.3 52 23.5 25 21.4 25 25.9 276 159.5 85 54.0 76 48.1 76 63.7 70 81.9 72 43.2 204 220.8 1 23 61.4 96 136.9 72 140.4 23 70.7 255 486.6 88 155.5 36 72.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 85.0 12 50.4 5 108.1 11 138.8 7 43.1 24 84.6 6 140.9 8 121.8 0 0.0 2 23.7 9 96.1 15 104.7 6 110.1 12 117.6 11 64.8 16 54.7 5 110.9 8 95.6 1 1 9.0 10 104.6 2 46.0 3 47.6 0 0.0 2 25.4 2 39.3 2 24.8 4 33.6 9 41.7 4 142.3 17 335.0 5 204.1 4 81.1 3 79.4 8 108.1 38 199.2 71 205.1 10 142.9 22 186.8 15 220.9 20 184.7 9 115.0 18 129.5 4 35.8 16 87.8 10 181.8 11 124.2 25 80.4 44 83.9 15 179.7 31 225.8 15 81.5 20 64.8 12 70.2 15 50.5 4 36.5 8 51.6 35 48.3 60 56.1 12 57.1 21 62.6 4 41.2 6 40.0 1991 - 1995 Deaths PMR 3 39.7 21 60.7 7 63.9 37 87.4 16 174.1 6 52.3 11 52.7 22 114.6 18 49.9 9 77.9 18 116.0 5 60.3 4 37.1 7 60.2 14 41.9 12 163.2 7 101.1 8 136.9 76 140.4 30 170.5 22 142.8 15 75.9 23 93.7 24 170.1 56 88.5 34 185.5 34 80.8 17 38.7 6 31.3 75 53.7 26 53.9 12 52.6 1996 - 2000 Deaths PMR 1 10.0 24 55.7 12 96.8 46 89.4 12 122.2 2 1 6.5 20 80.6 26 95.4 27 59.7 13 101.3 22 101.9 2 20.0 4 31.7 6 40.9 36 82.5 19 191.0 9 105.2 6 70.6 91 147.3 23 114.5 19 127.9 34 132.1 27 89.4 27 158.3 79 106.9 43 195.4 27 57.1 28 49.0 5 23.1 85 53.9 29 50.9 14 51.4 Increasing (+) or decreasing (-) Signif. trend +* -* 19 Table 3: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 47 Farmers 48 Armed Forces 49 Police 50 Fire Service Personnel 52 Hairdressers 53 Office Workers And Cashiers 54 Postal Workers 56 Van Sales Persons 57 Sales Representatives 58 Security Workers 59 Cooks And Kitchen Porters 60 Other Service Occupations 61 Hospital Porters And Ward Orderlies 63 Railway Station Workers 68 Leather And Shoe Workers 74 Other Textile Workers 75 Chemical Workers 76 Bakers 78 Food Processors 88 Other Coal Miners 91 Other Occupations-Glass And Ceramics 97 Printers (so described) 101 Upholsterers 104 Carpenters 105 Cabinet Makers 108 Woodworking Machinists 114 Smiths And Forge Workers 116 Moulders And Coremakers (Metal) 120 Other Metal Manufacturers 121 Press And Machine Tool Setters 122 Centre Lathe Turners 124 Machine Tool Operators 129 Toolmakers 20 1980 - 1985 (excl 81) 1986 - 1990 Total Deaths Total Expected Deaths Deaths PMR Deaths PMR 114 441.4 10 1 5.2 27 28.4 60 75.3 7 71.1 13 80.9 32 70.3 3 36.5 10 67.4 27 25.3 0 0.0 6 119.6 7 20.1 1 30.1 4 93.1 401 717.1 57 49.1 88 54.3 1 32 1 59.7 15 67.1 31 86.0 15 35.7 3 60.7 4 48.9 1 30 1 85.5 22 75.4 26 62.3 1 47 210.8 29 105.4 29 64.6 15 71.0 2 22.2 2 1 3.6 200 298.5 28 65.4 59 89.5 26 58.5 3 39.2 4 34.4 34 59.0 4 44.1 6 46.5 9 34.3 2 34.2 3 39.2 22 60.4 7 75.7 4 30.1 84 1 05.5 19 113.0 33 121.5 9 40.0 1 1 5.5 1 11.1 24 68.8 3 31.8 8 53.0 64 265.7 12 32.1 15 25.0 15 34.7 1 1 9.5 4 50.0 31 62.6 3 38.2 5 36.3 34 18.5 10 338.9 9 225.5 887 228.9 108 360.5 181 372.8 35 20.8 4 140.5 2 46.8 40 30.0 2 43.9 9 135.3 17 20.2 4 121.8 4 91.5 13 31.8 3 54.9 5 62.4 21 53.3 1 1 3.0 6 50.0 17 40.4 3 48.9 5 50.6 22 39.3 5 75.3 6 64.6 505 371.5 87 160.3 107 120.7 48 67.9 2 21.0 10 64.8 1991 - 1995 Deaths PMR 31 24.7 21 90.1 8 35.3 12 148.7 1 1 9.1 131 67.6 44 90.7 1 9.5 42 79.5 33 50.0 5 22.7 52 60.1 9 52.4 12 75.1 3 34.0 5 29.6 14 53.3 3 29.4 7 34.0 20 25.1 7 74.4 9 47.0 9 183.9 251 361.0 10 169.8 16 191.6 8 141.3 4 50.5 8 50.4 4 36.7 1 9.3 134 126.5 19 90.8 1996 - 2000 Deaths PMR 46 32.2 19 66.9 11 36.6 9 86.7 1 1 8.4 125 62.3 42 83.0 7 54.6 40 70.7 56 71.2 6 21.4 61 60.6 10 42.8 12 63.8 1 11.2 6 31.2 18 61.0 4 34.9 6 24.4 17 20.6 3 26.5 14 58.2 6 107.4 347 395.4 19 248.3 13 136.5 1 1 7.8 1 1 4.3 6 35.3 5 41.5 10 101.5 177 154.0 17 79.8 Increasing (+) or decreasing (-) Signif. trend _ ** -* Table 3: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 130 Precision Instrument Makers 132 Production Fitters 133 Motor Mechanics 136 Electrical And Electronic Production Fitters 137 Electricians 138 Electrical Plant Operators 139 Telephone Fitters 142 Other Electronic Maintenance Engineers 143 Electrical Engineers (so described) 144 Plumbers And Gas Fitters 145 Sheet Metal Workers 146 Metal Plate Workers 147 Steel Erectors 148 Scaffolders 149 Welders 150 Riggers 153 Vehicle Body Builders 159 Other Spray Painters 160 Painters And Decorators nec 163 Assemblers (Vehicles And Other Metal Goods) 164 Packers And Sorters 165 Bricklayers And Tile Setters 167 Plasterers 168 Roofers And Glaziers 169 Builders etc. 170 Rail Track Workers 171 Road Construction Workers And Paviors 174 Construction Workers nec 175 Face Trained Coalminers 180 Railway Engine Drivers 182 Bus And Coach Drivers 183 Lorry Drivers 184 Other Motor Drivers 21 1980 - 1985 (excl 81) 1986 - 1990 Total Deaths Total Expected Deaths Deaths PMR Deaths PMR 33 23.8 3 96.3 9 168.9 850 405.9 129 221.2 183 200.6 60 1 24.1 7 42.1 10 38.1 27 10.4 2 1 15.4 7 310.0 496 1 77.8 70 314.9 101 258.7 54 20.6 13 405.1 7 163.1 53 47.5 4 48.5 13 107.7 38 43.0 0 0.0 1 16.9 140 64.9 16 197.8 36 245.3 619 1 49.9 90 468.0 117 374.7 1 44 61.3 28 326.3 31 226.0 265 52.7 56 723.3 71 608.5 62 36.9 3 66.0 13 162.2 36 19.2 3 153.3 7 176.1 204 1 08.3 36 249.0 42 170.6 22 14.5 5 233.1 6 174.5 83 15.8 12 503.9 23 613.7 22 27.0 3 76.8 5 83.8 361 224.2 43 137.4 72 145.8 15 48.2 4 71.9 3 30.1 25 51.5 4 45.1 8 68.2 1 29 1 14.4 17 98.2 28 112.3 65 42.6 9 160.5 18 203.4 56 37.7 6 140.1 13 170.2 338 1 94.5 31 141.4 64 161.6 10 20.2 2 56.8 1 22.9 22 41.6 3 48.3 7 79.1 486 228.1 84 268.4 112 228.1 17 72.4 5 30.5 5 29.9 44 39.4 4 75.6 10 110.4 48 1 06.2 2 1 5.1 9 40.2 291 559.3 36 50.9 65 52.9 67 99.5 4 37.3 14 70.7 1991 - 1995 Deaths PMR 13 175.8 264 220.1 20 52.5 7 222.6 140 252.0 17 254.6 25 212.8 11 58.2 44 217.4 193 416.6 37 204.6 88 556.2 26 210.6 7 103.8 59 179.3 7 163.9 27 605.6 7 88.1 110 167.7 3 1 9.7 7 50.6 41 125.9 23 175.8 13 104.7 94 149.7 3 53.5 6 50.6 144 203.6 2 1 5.8 15 120.7 13 39.4 86 48.4 24 72.3 1996 - 2000 Deaths PMR 8 93.0 274 201.4 23 49.4 11 395.7 185 262.0 17 294.8 11 97.6 26 99.1 44 182.8 219 360.8 48 228.7 50 292.4 20 137.5 19 212.0 67 169.8 4 87.6 21 461.9 7 76.0 136 172.8 5 22.8 6 46.8 43 117.5 15 92.3 24 143.6 149 172.7 4 82.0 6 43.0 146 173.6 5 43.5 15 112.1 24 54.8 104 47.4 25 53.8 Increasing (+) or decreasing (-) Signif. trend + ** - ** - ** Table 3: Continued 1980 - 1985 (excl 81) Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Total Deaths Total Expected Deaths Deaths PMR 185 186 187 188 190 191 192 194 106(O) 111(O) 165(O) 276(O) 286(O) 299(O) 338(O) 344(O) 346(O) Bus Conductors And Drivers Mates Mechanical Plant Drivers Crane Drivers Fork Lift Truck Drivers Storekeepers Dockers And Good Porters Refuse Collectors Boiler Operators Entertainment And Sports Managers Managers Nec Service Workers Nec Other Metal, Jewellery, Electrical Production Workers (Foremen) Inspectors Etc Metal, Electrical Goods Painting, Assembling And Related Occupations Nec Workers Transport Ops, Materials Moving, Storage & Related (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Engineering And Allied Trades (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Other 5 17 51 51 232 151 18 83 19 212 18 166 63 33 25 98 388 20.3 34.8 64.0 63.5 341.3 100.2 38.8 37.9 21.6 137.8 40.0 113.3 90.1 23.3 24.8 188.1 533.3 2 51.5 1 27.1 8 76.9 8 106.9 36 65.0 25 163.7 1 20.8 19 270.1 2 74.3 34 189.9 2 30.3 17 105.0 11 71.6 6 177.7 3 63.5 18 58.5 63 75.4 1986 - 1990 Deaths PMR 2 44.9 3 46.5 12 81.5 8 58.6 58 74.9 42 196.5 7 78.9 23 255.5 3 63.8 37 141.9 5 56.0 18 83.8 12 55.9 4 75.2 8 155.9 18 41.8 101 82.8 1991 - 1995 Deaths PMR 0 0.0 7 60.7 11 62.3 16 78.0 60 64.8 44 151.2 4 33.6 21 241.4 5 75.5 61 136.5 5 46.0 48 166.6 25 105.5 14 198.0 8 129.6 31 64.1 110 71.9 1996 - 2000 Deaths PMR 1 22.9 6 34.1 20 110.2 19 71.2 78 81.8 40 122.5 6 40.3 20 250.3 9 106.9 80 140.8 6 54.4 83 164.9 15 68.2 9 123.7 6 93.3 31 56.9 114 72.5 Increasing (+) or decreasing (-) Signif. trend -* +* Only occupations with 20 or more observed or expected mesothelioma deaths over the period 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) are included. 1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. nec denotes not elsewhere classified. * Trend statistic statistically significant at the 5% level. ** Trend statistic statistically significant at the 1% level. 22 Table 4: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for females aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Southampton occupation group and 5-year time period, 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 11 17 44 46 53 59 60 61 74 100 346(O) Teachers nec Nurses Retailers And Dealers Caterers Office Workers And Cashiers Cooks And Kitchen Porters Other Service Occupations Hospital Porters And Ward Orderlies Other Textile Workers Sewers And Embroiderers (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Other 1980 - 1985 (excl 81) 1986 - 1990 Total Deaths Total Expected Deaths Deaths PMR Deaths PMR 42 42.0 32 63.4 86 90.8 29 46.3 241 240.6 23 30.4 120 120.7 21 23.5 20 1 2.2 34 23.9 40 1 2.8 4 79.6 9 117.3 4 55.7 6 52.0 5 46.6 17 105.0 6 98.5 4 45.1 24 82.5 38 85.9 1 25.4 4 70.8 13 88.2 25 114.3 0 0.0 1 37.1 0 0.0 4 157.9 7 212.7 9 172.6 6 427.3 11 479.2 1991 - 1995 Deaths PMR 13 109.3 9 47.5 30 111.2 11 84.6 72 100.6 11 126.7 26 75.2 5 68.2 6 183.0 6 102.4 11 275.7 1996 - 2000 Deaths 16 13 34 8 107 7 56 15 10 12 12 Increasing (+) PMR or decreasing (- Signif. ) trend 90.7 49.1 92.3 46.7 110.0 61.6 115.5 95.1 259.9 141.3 230.5 + ** Only occupations with 20 or more observed or expected mesothelioma deaths over the period 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) are included. 1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. nec denotes not elsewhere classified. * Trend statistic statistically significant at the 5% level. ** Trend statistic statistically significant at the 1% level. 23 Table 5: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs), cumulative, and absolute poportions of deaths for males aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Southampton occupation group, 1980-2000 (excluding 1981) Ll Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 1 Lawyers 2 Accountants 3 Personnel Managers etc. 4 Economists And Statisticians 5 Computer Programmers 6 Sales Managers etc 7 Government Inspectors 8 Government Administrators 9 Other Administrators 10 Teachers In Higher Education 11 Teachers nec 12 Vocational Trainers, Social Scientists etc 13 Welfare Workers 14 Clergy 15 Doctors 16 Dentists 17 Nurses 18 Pharmacists 19 Medical Radiographers 20 Physiotherapists 21 Health Professions nec 22 Veterinarians 23 Driving Instructors 24 Literary And Artistic Occupations 25 Persons Involved In Sport 26 Biological Scientists 27 Chemical Engineers And Scientists 28 Physical Scientists And Mathematicians 29 Electrical And Electronic Engineers (Professional) 30 Professional Engineers nec 31 Draughtspersons 32 Laboratory Technicians 33 Architects And Surveyors 34 Aircraft Flight Deck Officers 35 Air Traffic Controllers 36 Seafarers 37 Technicians nec 38 Production And Maintenance Managers 39 Managers In Construction 40 Managers in Transport, Utilities And Mining 41 Office Managers 42 Butchers 43 Fishmongers And Poultry Dressers 44 Retailers And Dealers 45 Publicans And Bar Staff 46 Caterers 47 Farmers 48 Armed Forces 49 Police 50 Fire Service Personnel 51 Launderers And Dry Cleaners 52 Hairdressers 53 Office Workers And Cashiers 54 Postal Workers 55 Petrol Pump Attendants 56 Van Sales Persons Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 15 4 63 68 100 35 26 1 89 13 87 114 140 42 25 10 80 55 121 66 57 72 98 35 107 51 41 12 28 10 62 5 44 17 81 160 2 00 23 3 62 2 42 8 61 63 44 2 83 8 221 52 117 25 96 25 173 276 157 85 158 76 119 76 30 2 48 1 86 70 167 72 92 204 200 123 70 96 51 72 33 23 57 7 52 255 57 88 50 36 26 114 80 60 46 32 107 27 91 12 35 7 56 401 83 132 00 42 15 0.0% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 1.8% 2.2% 2.2% 2.7% 3.2% 3.7% 4.0% 4.4% 4.5% 4.6% 4.6% 4.8% 4.8% 4.8% 4.8% 4.8% 4.8% 4.9% 5.4% 5.4% 5.5% 5.9% 6.1% 6.2% 8.4% 9.1% 9.7% 10.2% 10.3% 10.3% 1 0.8% 11.4% 13.0% 13.9% 14.7% 15.2% 1 5.4% 15.5% 17.5% 18.1% 18.4% 1 9.3% 19.8% 20.0% 20.2% 20.3% 20.4% 23.5% 24.6% 24.6% 24.7% 0.0% 0.5% 0.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.9% 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 2.2% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.6% 1.6% 1.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.2% 0.1% 2.0% 0.7% 0.3% 0.9% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 3.1% 1.0% 0.0% 0.1% - 24 - Table 5: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 57 Sales Representatives 58 Security Workers 59 Cooks And Kitchen Porters 60 Other Service Occupations 61 Hospital Porters And Ward Orderlies 62 Ambulance Workers 63 Railway Station Workers 64 Undertakers 65 Foresters 66 Fishing And Related Workers 67 Tannery Workers 68 Leather And Shoe Workers 69 Preparatory Fibre Processors 70 Spinners And Winders 71 Warp Preparers And Weavers 72 Knitters 73 Bleachers, Dyers And Finishers 74 Other Textile Workers 75 Chemical Workers 76 Bakers 77 Brewery Workers 78 Food Processors 79 Paper Manufacturers 80 Bookbinders 81 Paper Cutters 82 Glass And Ceramics Furnace Workers 83 Glass Formers And Decorators 84 Ceramics Casters 85 Rubber Manufacturers 86 Plastics Workers 87 Man-Made Fibre Makers 88 Other Coal Miners 89 Tobacco Workers 90 Other Wood And Paper Processors 91 Other Occupations-Glass And Ceramics 92 Rubber Goods Makers 93 Plastic Goods Makers 94 Compositors 95 Printing Plate Repairers 96 Printing Machine Minders 97 Printers (so described) 98 Tailors And Dressmakers 99 Clothing Cutters 100 Sewers And Embroiderers 101 Upholsterers 102 Carpet Fitters 103 Other Workers With Fabrics 104 Carpenters 105 Cabinet Makers 106 Case And Box Makers 107 Pattern Makers 108 Woodworking Machinists 109 Other Woodworkers 110 Dental Technicians 111 Other Makers Of Paper Goods 112 Furnace Operatives (Metal) 113 Rollers (Metal) 114 Smiths And Forge Workers - 25 - Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 70 130 70 147 21 15 67 200 44 26 98 17 58 34 45 3 27 4 40 8 22 1 26 9 38 2 97 8 32 5 21 2 61 8 36 22 80 84 23 9 45 8 35 24 125 9 36 2 29 1 00 53 5 21 1 53 7 86 7 113 3 24 64 111 4 58 8 43 15 52 6 71 11 16 2 00 71 14 50 31 26 4 54 4 35 2 1 84 34 126 7 143 9 388 887 169 35 131 8 57 5 133 40 129 11 00 49 6 46 9 00 84 17 25.7% 26.8% 26.9% 28.5% 28.7% 28.8% 29.1% 29.1% 29.2% 29.2% 29.2% 29.3% 29.3% 29.4% 29.4% 29.4% 29.5% 29.7% 30.3% 30.4% 30.5% 30.6% 30.7% 30.7% 30.7% 30.7% 30.8% 30.8% 30.8% 30.9% 30.9% 31.4% 31.4% 31.5% 31.6% 31.7% 31.8% 31.8% 31.8% 31.9% 32.1% 32.2% 32.2% 32.2% 32.5% 32.5% 32.6% 39.5% 39.8% 39.8% 39.9% 40.2% 40.3% 40.3% 40.3% 40.4% 40.4% 40.5% 1.0% 1.1% 0.1% 1.6% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 6.9% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% Table 5: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 115 Metal Drawers 116 Moulders And Coremakers (Metal) 117 Electroplaters 118 Annealers, Hardeners, Temperers (Metal) 119 Galvanisers And Tin Platers 120 Other Metal Manufacturers 121 Press And Machine Tool Setters 122 Centre Lathe Turners 123 Machine Tool Setter Operators 124 Machine Tool Operators 125 Press And Automatic Machine Operators 126 Metal Polishers 127 Fettlers And Dressers (Metal) 128 Shot Blasters 129 Toolmakers 130 Precision Instrument Makers 131 Watch And Clock Makers 132 Production Fitters 133 Motor Mechanics 134 Aircraft Engine Fitters 135 Office Machinery Mechanics 136 Electrical And Electronic Production Fitters 137 Electricians 138 Electrical Plant Operators 139 Telephone Fitters 140 Electric Cable And Line Workers 141 Radio And TV Mechanics 142 Other Electronic Maintenance Engineers 143 Electrical Engineers (so described) 144 Plumbers And Gas Fitters 145 Sheet Metal Workers 146 Metal Plate Workers 147 Steel Erectors 148 Scaffolders 149 Welders 150 Riggers 151 Jewellery Workers 152 Engravers And Etchers (Printing) 153 Vehicle Body Builders 154 Oilers And Greasers 155 Electronics Wiremen 156 Coil Winders 157 Pottery Decorators 158 Coach Painters 159 Other Spray Painters 160 Painters And Decorators nec 161 Electrical Electronic Assemblers 162 Instrument Assemblers 163 Assemblers (Vehicles And Other Metal Goods) 164 Packers And Sorters 165 Bricklayers And Tile Setters 166 Mason And Stonecutters 167 Plasterers 168 Roofers And Glaziers 169 Builders etc. 170 Rail Track Workers 171 Road Construction Workers And Paviors 172 Sewage Plant Attendants 173 Mains And Service Layers - 26 - Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 38 2 41 13 73 4 00 00 39 21 42 17 56 22 53 5 136 505 66 10 23 3 00 66 3 71 48 138 33 12 1 209 850 48 60 38 1 47 1 260 27 279 496 263 54 112 53 58 9 51 9 88 38 216 140 413 619 235 144 502 265 168 62 1 88 36 1 88 204 1 52 22 25 1 100 2 526 83 90 3 198 6 227 6 00 72 3 81 22 161 361 67 8 341 2 31 15 49 25 113 129 27 5 1 52 65 149 56 174 338 49 10 53 22 44 6 61 11 40.6% 40.7% 40.7% 40.7% 40.7% 40.8% 41.0% 41.2% 41.2% 45.1% 45.2% 45.2% 45.2% 45.3% 45.6% 45.9% 45.9% 52.5% 53.0% 53.0% 53.0% 53.2% 57.1% 57.5% 57.9% 58.0% 58.1% 58.4% 59.4% 64.3% 65.4% 67.5% 68.0% 68.2% 69.8% 70.0% 70.0% 70.0% 70.7% 70.7% 70.7% 70.8% 70.8% 70.8% 71.0% 73.8% 73.9% 73.9% 74.0% 74.2% 75.2% 75.2% 75.7% 76.2% 78.8% 78.9% 79.1% 79.1% 79.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 3.9% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.3% 0.0% 6.6% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 3.9% 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 1.1% 4.8% 1.1% 2.1% 0.5% 0.3% 1 .6% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 2.8% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 1.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.4% 2.6% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% Table 5: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 53(O) 64(O) 106(O) 111(O) 165(O) 204(O) 222(O) 230(O) 276(O) 277(O) 278(O) 286(O) 299(O) 338(O) 344(O) 346(O) 348(O) Construction Workers nec 213 Face Trained Coalminers 23 Mines (Not Coal) And Quarry Workers 41 Railway Guards 42 Railway Signal Workers 20 Shunters And Points Operators 15 Railway Engine Drivers 112 Road Transport Inspectors 39 Bus And Coach Drivers 45 Lorry Drivers 52 Other Motor Drivers 67 Bus Conductors And Drivers Mates 25 Mechanical Plant Drivers 49 Crane Drivers 80 Fork Lift Truck Drivers 80 Slingers 72 Storekeepers 68 Dockers And Good Porters 151 Refuse Collectors 46 Labourers In Coke Ovens 52 Boiler Operators 219 Professional And Related Education, Welfare, Health Nec 45 Literary, Artistic And Sports Workers Nec 75 Entertainment And Sports Managers 88 Managers Nec 154 Service Workers Nec 45 Other Material Processing - All Other (Excluding Metal) Nec 47 Musical Instrument Makers, Piano Tuners 40 Other Making & Repairing - All Other (Excluding Metal And Electrical) Nec 75 Other Metal, Jewellery, Electrical Production Workers 147 (Foremen) Engineering And Allied Trades 54 Trainee Craftsmen (Engineering And Allied Trades) 0 (Foremen) Inspectors Etc Metal, Electrical Goods 70 Painting, Assembling And Related Occupations Nec 141 Workers Transport Ops, Materials Moving, Storage & Related 1 01 (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Engineering And Allied Trades 52 (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Other 73 All Other In Miscellaneous Operations Nec 212 486 17 8 6 3 1 44 7 48 291 67 5 17 51 51 7 232 151 18 3 83 3 3 19 212 18 5 1 14 166 9 0 63 33 25 98 388 15 83.0% 83.1% 83.2% 83.2% 83.2% 83.3% 83.6% 83.7% 84.0% 86.3% 86.8% 86.9% 87.0% 87.4% 87.8% 87.8% 89.6% 90.8% 91.0% 91.0% 91.6% 91.7% 91.7% 91.8% 93.5% 93.6% 93.7% 93.7% 93.8% 95.1% 95.1% 95.1% 95.6% 95.9% 96.1% 96.9% 99.9% 100.0% 3.8% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 2.3% 0.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 1 .8% 1.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1.7% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% 0.8% 3.0% 0.1% 1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. nec denotes not elsewhere classified. - 27 - Table 6: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs), cumulative, and absolute poportions of deaths for females aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Southampton occupation group, 1980-2000 (excluding ' Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 1 Lawyers 2 Accountants 3 Personnel Managers etc. 4 Economists And Statisticians 5 Computer Programmers 6 Sales Managers etc 7 Government Inspectors 8 Government Administrators 9 Other Administrators 10 Teachers In Higher Education 11 Teachers nec 12 Vocational Trainers, Social Scientists etc 13 Welfare Workers 14 Clergy 15 Doctors 16 Dentists 17 Nurses 18 Pharmacists 19 Medical Radiographers 20 Physiotherapists 21 Health Professions nec 22 Veterinarians 23 Driving Instructors 24 Literary And Artistic Occupations 25 Persons Involved In Sport 26 Biological Scientists 27 Chemical Engineers And Scientists 28 Physical Scientists And Mathematicians 29 Electrical And Electronic Engineers (Professional) 30 Professional Engineers nec 31 Draughtspersons 32 Laboratory Technicians 33 Architects And Surveyors 34 Aircraft Flight Deck Officers 35 Air Traffic Controllers 36 Seafarers 37 Technicians nec 38 Production And Maintenance Managers 39 Managers In Construction 40 Managers in Transport, Utilities And Mining 41 Office Managers 42 Butchers 43 Fishmongers And Poultry Dressers 44 Retailers And Dealers 45 Publicans And Bar Staff 46 Caterers 47 Farmers 48 Armed Forces 49 Police 50 Fire Service Personnel 51 Launderers And Dry Cleaners 52 Hairdressers 53 Office Workers And Cashiers 54 Postal Workers 55 Petrol Pump Attendants 56 Van Sales Persons Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 0 48 0 0 0 71 278 83 145 56 100 195 82 0 50 0 50 237 300 76 130 0 370 55 325 156 0 0 0 327 126 225 0 0 0 2243 353 0 0 62 85 0 0 95 77 63 89 174 0 0 116 74 100 249 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 2 14 2 42 4 13 0 1 0 32 2 2 1 4 0 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 8 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 8 0 0 86 14 29 7 1 0 0 10 5 241 9 0 0 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 0.5% 0.7% 2.1% 2.3% 6.5% 6.9% 8.2% 8.2% 8.3% 8.3% 11.5% 1 1 .7% 11.9% 1 2.0% 12.4% 1 2.4% 12.5% 12.8% 12.9% 13.0% 13.0% 13.0% 13.0% 13.1% 1 3.2% 14.0% 14.0% 14.0% 14.0% 1 4.1 % 14.4% 14.4% 14.4% 14.5% 15.3% 1 5.3% 15.3% 23.9% 25.3% 28.2% 28.9% 29.0% 29.0% 29.0% 30.0% 30.5% 54.5% 55.4% 55.4% 55.4% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 1.4% 0.2% 4.2% 0.4% 1.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 3.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 8.6% 1.4% 2.9% 0.7% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.5% 24.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% - 28 - Table 6: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 57 Sales Representatives 58 Security Workers 59 Cooks And Kitchen Porters 60 Other Service Occupations 61 Hospital Porters And Ward Orderlies 62 Ambulance Workers 63 Railway Station Workers 64 Undertakers 65 Foresters 66 Fishing And Related Workers 67 Tannery Workers 68 Leather And Shoe Workers 69 Preparatory Fibre Processors 70 Spinners And Winders 71 Warp Preparers And Weavers 72 Knitters 73 Bleachers, Dyers And Finishers 74 Other Textile Workers 75 Chemical Workers 76 Bakers 77 Brewery Workers 78 Food Processors 79 Paper Manufacturers 80 Bookbinders 81 Paper Cutters 82 Glass And Ceramics Furnace Workers 83 Glass Formers And Decorators 84 Ceramics Casters 85 Rubber Manufacturers 86 Plastics Workers 87 Man-Made Fibre Makers 88 Other Coal Miners 89 Tobacco Workers 90 Other Wood And Paper Processors 91 Other Occupations-Glass And Ceramics 92 Rubber Goods Makers 93 Plastic Goods Makers 94 Compositors 95 Printing Plate Repairers 96 Printing Machine Minders 97 Printers (so described) 98 Tailors And Dressmakers 99 Clothing Cutters 100 Sewers And Embroiderers 101 Upholsterers 102 Carpet Fitters 103 Other Workers With Fabrics 104 Carpenters 105 Cabinet Makers 106 Case And Box Makers 107 Pattern Makers 108 Woodworking Machinists 109 Other Woodworkers 110 Dental Technicians 111 Other Makers Of Paper Goods 112 Furnace Operatives (Metal) 113 Rollers (Metal) 114 Smiths And Forge Workers - 29 - Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 242 100 76 99 89 464 0 0 0 0 0 74 131 130 166 0 183 165 554 224 415 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1080 0 0 106 81 0 0 133 0 0 70 80 222 93 143 1 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 620 0 39 0 0 0 8 3 23 120 21 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 6 9 0 1 20 15 4 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 18 1 34 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 56.2% 56.5% 58.8% 70.7% 72.8% 72.9% 72.9% 72.9% 72.9% 72.9% 72.9% 73.3% 73.4% 74.0% 74.9% 74.9% 75.0% 77.0% 78.5% 78.9% 79.1% 79.8% 79.8% 79.8% 79.8% 79.8% 79.8% 79.8% 79.8% 80.1% 80.1% 80.1% 80.2% 80.3% 80.3% 80.3% 80.5% 80.5% 80.5% 80.6% 80.7% 82.5% 82.6% 86.0% 86.1% 86.1% 86.1% 86.1% 86.1% 86.1% 86.1% 86.1% 86.2% 86.2% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 0.8% 0.3% 2.3% 12.0% 2.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.1% 0.6% 0.9% 0.0% 0.1% 2.0% 1.5% 0.4% 0.2% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 1.8% 0.1% 3.4% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Table 6: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description 115 Metal Drawers 116 Moulders And Coremakers (Metal) 117 Electroplaters 118 Annealers, Hardeners, Temperers (Metal) 119 Galvanisers And Tin Platers 120 Other Metal Manufacturers 121 Press And Machine Tool Setters 122 Centre Lathe Turners 123 Machine Tool Setter Operators 124 Machine Tool Operators 125 Press And Automatic Machine Operators 126 Metal Polishers 127 Fettlers And Dressers (Metal) 128 Shot Blasters 129 Toolmakers 130 Precision Instrument Makers 131 Watch And Clock Makers 132 Production Fitters 133 Motor Mechanics 134 Aircraft Engine Fitters 135 Office Machinery Mechanics 136 Electrical And Electronic Production Fitters 137 Electricians 138 Electrical Plant Operators 139 Telephone Fitters 140 Electric Cable And Line Workers 141 Radio And TV Mechanics 142 Other Electronic Maintenance Engineers 143 Electrical Engineers (so described) 144 Plumbers And Gas Fitters 145 Sheet Metal Workers 146 Metal Plate Workers 147 Steel Erectors 148 Scaffolders 149 Welders 150 Riggers 151 Jewellery Workers 152 Engravers And Etchers (Printing) 153 Vehicle Body Builders 154 Oilers And Greasers 155 Electronics Wiremen 156 Coil Winders 157 Pottery Decorators 158 Coach Painters 159 Other Spray Painters 160 Painters And Decorators nec 161 Electrical Electronic Assemblers 162 Instrument Assemblers 163 Assemblers (Vehicles And Other Metal Goods) 164 Packers And Sorters 165 Bricklayers And Tile Setters 166 Mason And Stonecutters 167 Plasterers 168 Roofers And Glaziers 169 Builders etc. 170 Rail Track Workers 171 Road Construction Workers And Paviors 172 Sewage Plant Attendants 173 Mains And Service Layers - 30 - Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 141 240 0 0 0 0 0 466 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2746 0 0 218 0 440 0 0 0 243 0 99 0 0 248 47 0 99 112 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 3 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.3% 86.4% 86.8% 86.9% 86.9% 86.9% 86.9% 86.9% 86.9% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.1% 87.3% 87.3% 87.3% 87.5% 87.5% 87.5% 87.5% 87.5% 87.5% 87.6% 87.6% 87.7% 87.7% 87.7% 87.8% 88.1% 88.1% 88.4% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 90.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.3% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Table 6: Continued Southampton Occupation Code Occupation description Cumulative Percent PMR Deaths Percent of of Total Total Deaths Deaths 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 53(O) 64(O) 106(O) 111(O) 165(O) 204(O) 222(O) 230(O) 276(O) 277(O) 278(O) 286(O) 299(O) 338(O) 344(O) 346(O) 348(O) Construction Workers nec 1101 Face Trained Coalminers 0 Mines (Not Coal) And Quarry Workers 0 Railway Guards 0 Railway Signal Workers 0 Shunters And Points Operators 0 Railway Engine Drivers 0 Road Transport Inspectors 0 Bus And Coach Drivers 0 Lorry Drivers 242 Other Motor Drivers 0 Bus Conductors And Drivers Mates 124 Mechanical Plant Drivers 0 Crane Drivers 0 Fork Lift Truck Drivers 0 Slingers 0 Storekeepers 1 84 Dockers And Good Porters 860 Refuse Collectors 1317 Labourers In Coke Ovens 0 Boiler Operators 0 Professional And Related Education, Welfare, Health Nec 74 Literary, Artistic And Sports Workers Nec 108 Entertainment And Sports Managers 0 Managers Nec 118 Service Workers Nec 110 Other Material Processing - All Other (Excluding Metal) Nec 1169 Musical Instrument Makers, Piano Tuners 0 Other Making & Repairing - All Other (Excluding Metal And Electrical) Nec 0 Other Metal, Jewellery, Electrical Production Workers 82 (Foremen) Engineering And Allied Trades 0 Trainee Craftsmen (Engineering And Allied Trades) 0 (Foremen) Inspectors Etc Metal, Electrical Goods 41 Painting, Assembling And Related Occupations Nec 129 Workers Transport Ops, Materials Moving, Storage & Related 0 (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Engineering And Allied Trades 165 (Foremen/Labourers Etc) Other 312 All Other In Miscellaneous Operations Nec 1267 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 10 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 10 4 2 0 0 5 0 0 2 7 0 4 40 1 90.3% 90.3% 90.3% 90.3% 90.3% 90.3% 90.3% 90.3% 90.3% 90.6% 90.6% 90.9% 90.9% 90.9% 90.9% 90.9% 91.9% 92.0% 92.1% 92.1% 92.1% 92.3% 92.5% 92.5% 93.5% 93.9% 94.1% 94.1% 94.1% 94.6% 94.6% 94.6% 94.8% 95.5% 95.5% 95.9% 99.9% 100.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1 .0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 1.0% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.7% 0.0% 0.4% 4.0% 0.1% 1980 Occupation Codes not accounted for by Southampton codes are identified by (O) after the code number. nec denotes not elsewhere classified. - 31 - Table 7: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for males aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Standard Occupational Classification (1990) unit group, 1991-2000 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 100 General administrators: national government (assistant secretary/grade 5 & above) 0 3.1 0.0 0 119 101 General managers; large companies and organisations 0 102 Local government officers (administrative & executive functions) 6 2.6 0.0 0 1 0.1 59.5 22 1 41 1 29 103 General administrators; national government (HEO to senior principal/grade 6) 6 1 2.5 48.1 18 1 05 110 Production, works & maintenance managers 144 141.4 101.9 86 119 111 Managers in building & contracting 58 30.4 191.1 145 247 112 Clerks of work 19 9.9 191.7 115 299 113 Managers in mining & energy industries 14 8.7 161.1 88 270 120 Treasurers & company financial managers 3 9.4 32.1 7 94 121 Marketing & sales managers 56 62.7 89.3 67 116 1 22 Purchasing managers 6 4.7 127.9 47 278 123 Advertising & public relations managers 3 7.7 38.9 8 114 124 Personnel, training & industrial relations managers 9 11.7 77.1 35 146 125 Organisation & methods & work study managers 2 0.5 404.6 49 1474 126 Computer systems & data processing managers 6 7.8 77.3 28 168 127 Company secretaries 3 7.5 39.8 8 116 1 30 Credit controllers 1 4.0 25.1 1 1 40 131 Bank, building society & post office; managers (except self-employed) 12 37.5 32.0 17 56 132 Civil service executive officers 2 8.8 22.7 3 82 139 Other financial institution & office managers nes 25 48.3 51.7 33 76 1 40 Transport managers 15 36.8 40.7 23 67 1 41 Store controllers 12 21.6 55.6 29 97 142 Managers in warehousing & other materials handling 20 22.6 88.7 54 137 150 Officers in UK armed forces 19 17.7 107.3 65 168 151 Officers in foreign & commonwealth armed forces 1 0.8 121.3 3 679 152 Police officers - inspectors & above 3 6.8 44.2 9 129 153 Fire service officers - station officer & above 4 5.2 77.0 21 197 154 Prison officers - principal officer & above 1 1.3 79.5 2 442 Customs & excise, immigration service officer 155 (customs: chief preventative officer & above; excise: 0 surveyor & above) 0.4 0.0 0 971 160 Farm owners & managers, horticulturists 29 111.3 26.1 17 37 169 Other managers in farming, horticulture, forestry & fishing nes 2 4.6 43.2 5 1 56 1 70 Property & estate managers 11 11.8 93.6 47 1 68 171 Garage managers & proprietors 6 17.7 33.9 12 74 172 Hairdressers' & barbers' managers & proprietors 1 5.9 16.9 0 94 1 73 Hotel & accommodation managers 16 22.8 70.3 40 114 174 Restaurant & catering managers 21 34.7 60.5 37 93 175 Publicans, innkeepers & club stewards 39 68.4 57.0 41 78 176 Entertainment & sports managers 14 15.0 93.6 51 157 1 77 Travel agency managers 2 4.2 48.0 6 173 178 Managers & proprietors of butchers & fishmongers 7 15.2 46.0 19 95 179 Managers & proprietors in service industries nes 114 203.6 56.0 46 67 190 Officials of trade associations, trade unions, professional bodies & charities 3 7.3 41.1 8 1 20 191 Registrars & administrators of educational establishments 0 2.6 0.0 0 1 41 199 Other managers & administrators nes 138 90.9 151.8 128 178 200 Chemists 24 1 2.4 193.5 124 288 201 Biological scientists & biochemists 3 7.7 39.0 8 114 202 Physicists geologists & meteorologists 3 5.0 60.3 12 176 209 Other natural scientists nes 8 6.6 122.2 53 241 210 Civil, structural, municipal, mining & quarry engineers 36 41.4 87.0 61 120 - 32 - Table 7: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 211 Mechanical engineers 52 212 Electrical engineers 12 213 Electronic engineers 1 214 Software engineers 1 215 Chemical engineers 7 216 Design & development engineers 17 217 Process & production engineers 6 218 Planning & quality control engineers 23 219 Other engineers & technologists nes 30 220 Medical practitioners 8 221 Pharmacists/pharmacologists 2 222 Ophthalmic opticians 0 223 Dental practitioners 4 224 Veterinarians 1 230 University & polytechnic teaching professionals 31 231 Higher & further education teaching professionals 17 232 Education officers, school inspectors 0 233 Secondary (& middle school deemed secondary) education teaching professionals 43 234 Primary (& middle school deemed primary) & nursery teaching professionals 2 235 Special education teaching professionals 0 239 Other teaching professionals nes 3 240 Judges & officers of the court 0 241 Barristers & advocates 0 242 Solicitors 4 250 Chartered & certified accountants 10 251 Management accountants 0 252 Actuaries, economists & statisticians 0 253 Management consultants, business analysts 3 260 Architects 11 261 Town planners 1 262 Building, land, mining & general practice surveyors 31 270 Librarians 0 271 Archivists & curators 3 290 Psychologists 0 291 Other social and behavioural scientists 0 292 Clergy 7 293 Social workers, probation officers 11 300 Laboratory technicians 11 301 Engineering technicians 18 302 Electrical/electronic technicians 7 303 Architectural & town planning technicians 2 304 Building & civil engineering technicians 2 309 Other scientific technicians nes 44 310 Draughtspersons 52 311 Building inspectors 8 312 Quantity surveyors 6 313 Marine, insurance & other surveyors 0 320 Computer analyst/programmers 7 330 Air traffic planners & controllers 1 331 Aircraft flight deck officers 0 332 Ship & hovercraft officers 20 340 Nurses 12 341 Midwives 0 342 Medical radiographers 1 343 Physiotherapists 0 23.9 6.1 2.6 4.7 4.7 15.7 5.1 14.3 16.8 23.4 6.7 1.7 5.2 2.0 23.5 22.2 3.2 72.2 8.2 0.7 3.8 1.6 2.6 1 3.3 28.7 0.9 2.8 5.9 13.9 1.9 19.1 0.2 1.7 0.9 0.8 18.2 10.6 1 4.5 7.8 5.5 2.0 0.6 25.2 34.6 2.5 10.2 1.4 11.0 1.7 5.3 16.6 22.8 0.0 0.8 0.9 217.4 197.8 38.7 21.1 149.4 108.5 118.7 160.8 178.9 34.2 30.0 0.0 77.6 49.5 132.2 76.6 0.0 59.6 162 1 02 1 1 60 63 44 102 121 15 4 0 21 1 90 45 0 43 24.5 0.0 79.8 0.0 0.0 30.1 34.8 0.0 0.0 50.5 79.1 52.4 162.3 0.0 174.0 0.0 0.0 38.4 103.8 76.1 232.2 127.0 102.4 324.1 174.6 150.4 317.8 59.1 0.0 63.4 58.6 0.0 120.5 52.6 0.0 120.1 0.0 3 0 16 0 0 8 17 0 0 10 39 1 110 0 36 0 0 15 52 38 1 38 51 12 39 127 112 137 22 0 25 1 0 74 27 0 3 0 285 345 215 118 308 174 259 241 255 67 108 217 1 98 276 188 123 116 80 89 520 233 229 1 42 77 64 434 130 148 1 41 292 230 1 604 510 392 492 79 186 136 367 262 370 1165 234 197 626 129 271 131 326 70 1 86 92 12296 671 424 - 33 - Table 7: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 344 Chiropodists 0 1.7 0.0 0 216 345 Dispensing opticians 0 0.4 0.0 0 858 346 Medical technicians, dental auxiliaries 1 2.9 34.9 1 194 347 Occupational & speech therapists, psychotherapists, therapists nes 0 1.7 0.0 0 217 348 Environmental health officers 5 4.1 121.1 39 283 349 Other health associate professionals nes 0 0.3 0.0 0 1118 350 Legal service & related occupations 2 4.8 41.7 5 151 360 Estimators, valuers 16 11.3 141.4 81 230 361 Underwriters, claims assessors, brokers, investment analysts 15 23.6 63.6 36 105 362 Taxation experts 1 3.2 31.8 1 177 363 Personnel & industrial relations officers 2 5.5 36.7 4 133 364 Organisation & methods & work study officers 8 9.6 83.8 36 165 370 Matrons, houseparents 3 5.2 58.3 12 170 371 Welfare, community & youth workers 12 10.9 110.2 57 192 380 Authors, writers, journalists 15 22.0 68.1 38 112 381 Artists, commercial artists, graphic designers 11 16.8 65.5 33 117 382 Industrial designers 2 2.1 95.5 12 346 383 Clothing designers 2 0.6 320.5 39 1165 384 Actors, entertainers, stage managers, producers & directors 7 1 2.9 54.5 22 112 385 Musicians 7 1 0.2 68.8 28 142 386 Photographers, camera, sound & video operators 6 13.6 44.2 16 96 387 Professional athletes, sports officials 2 3.7 53.7 7 194 390 Information officers 5 4.0 124.9 41 292 391 Vocational & industrial trainers 20 15.5 129.2 79 199 392 Careers advisers & vocational guidance specialists 0 1.2 0.0 0 313 393 Driving instructors (excluding HGV) 6 14.2 42.3 16 92 394 Inspectors of factories, utilities & trading standards 4 3.0 135.4 37 346 395 Other statutory & similar inspectors nes 7 3.7 189.4 76 390 396 Occupational hygienists & safety officers (health & safety) 10 8.3 1 21 .2 58 223 399 Other associate professional & technical occupations nes 4 2.6 152.5 42 391 400 Civil Service administrative officers & assistants 62 63.9 97.0 74 124 401 Local government clerical officers & assistants 16 32.3 49.6 28 81 410 Accounts & wages clerks, book-keepers, other financial clerks 43 91.9 46.8 34 63 411 Counter clerks & cashiers 14 29.6 47.3 26 79 412 Debt, rent & other cash collectors 8 8.9 90.3 39 178 420 Filing, computer & other record clerks (including legal conveyancing) 21 31.0 67.8 42 104 421 Library assistants/clerks 1 0.8 119.5 3 663 430 Clerks nes 71 95.7 74.2 58 94 440 Stores, despatch & production control clerks 4 6.1 65.9 18 169 441 Storekeepers & warehousemen/women 138 190.1 72.6 61 85 450 Medical secretaries 0 0.1 0.0 0 4611 451 Legal secretaries 0 0.1 0.0 0 6148 452 Typists & word processor operators 1 0.3 381.7 10 2143 459 Other secretaries, personal assistants, typists, word processor operators nes 2 2.4 84.8 10 306 460 Receptionists 0 1.7 0.0 0 216 461 Receptionist/telephonists 0 0.1 0.0 0 3074 462 Telephone operators 4 1 0.3 38.7 11 99 463 Radio & telegraph operators, other office communication system operators 5 490 Computer operators, data processing operators, other office machine operators 2 7.5 66.6 22 5.8 34.7 4 1 56 1 25 491 Tracers, drawing office assistants 0 0.1 0.0 0 4099 - 34 - Table 7: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 500 Bricklayers, masons 76 77.7 97.8 77 1 22 501 Roofers, slaters, tilers, sheeters, cladders 28 23.1 121.0 80 175 502 Plasterers 38 29.2 130.1 92 1 79 503 Glaziers 9 5.7 157.6 72 299 504 Builders, building contractors 213 118.2 180.2 157 205 505 Scaffolders, stagers, steeplejacks, riggers 37 25.2 146.6 103 202 506 Floorers, floor coverers, carpet fitters & planners, floor & wall tilers 28 1 2.1 232.1 1 54 335 507 Painters & decorators 246 144.0 170.9 150 193 509 Other construction trades nes 20 18.3 109.1 67 168 510 Centre, capstan, turret & other lather setters & setteroperators 13 23.0 56.7 30 97 511 Boring & drilling machine setters & setter-operators 9 5.1 178.1 81 338 512 Grinding machine setters & setter-operators 6 10.3 58.3 21 127 513 Milling machine setters & setter-operators 4 5.8 68.7 19 1 76 514 Press setters & setter-operators 0 1.7 0.0 0 216 515 Tool makers, tool fitters & markers-out 36 42.7 84.3 59 117 516 Metal working production & maintenance fitters 539 259.3 207.9 191 226 517 Precision instrument makers & repairers 21 20.8 100.9 62 154 518 Goldsmiths, silversmiths, precious stone workers 1 3.0 33.7 1 188 519 Other machine tool setters & setter operators nes (inc. CNC setter-operators) 10 24.6 40.7 20 75 520 Production fitters (electical/electronic) 18 6.0 300.2 178 474 521 Electricians, electrical maintenance fitters 323 122.3 264.1 236 294 522 Electrical engineers (not professional) 88 44.3 198.8 159 245 523 Telephone fitters 36 23.3 154.6 108 214 524 Cable jointers, lines repairers 6 10.0 60.1 22 131 525 Radio, TV & video engineers 5 12.0 41.7 14 97 526 Computer engineers, installation & maintenance 6 3.9 152.4 56 331 529 Other electrical/electronic trades nes 31 40.6 76.3 52 1 08 530 Smiths & forge workers 9 11.5 78.6 36 149 531 Moulders, core makers, die casters 5 15.3 32.7 11 76 532 Plumbers, heating & ventilating engineers & related trades 412 106.0 388.7 352 427 533 Sheet metal workers 80 32.6 245.7 195 306 534 Metal plate workers, shipwrights, riveters 138 33.1 416.6 350 489 535 Steel erectors 41 21.4 191.9 1 38 260 536 Barbenders, steel fixers 5 5.3 94.3 31 220 537 Welding trades 126 72.2 174.5 145 206 540 Motor mechanics, auto engineers (including road patrol engineers) 43 85.3 50.4 36 68 541 Coach & vehicle body builders 48 9.1 528.2 389 700 542 Vehicle body repairers, panel beaters 5 6.6 75.9 25 177 543 Auto electricians 2 2.9 68.0 8 246 544 Tyre & exhaust fitters 2 2.6 78.0 9 281 550 Weavers 1 7.6 1 3.2 0 73 551 Knitters 2 5.3 37.7 5 136 552 Warp preparers, bleachers, dyers & finishers 4 7.9 50.8 14 130 553 Sewing machinists, menders, darners & embroiderers 1 4.0 25.1 1 140 554 Coach trimmers, upholsterers & mattress makers 15 10.5 143.1 80 236 Shoe repairers, leather cutters & sewers, footwear 555 lasters, makers & finishers, other leather making & 4 1 8.0 22.2 6 57 repairing 556 Tailors & dressmakers 2 8.2 24.5 3 89 557 Clothing cutter, milliners, furriers 4 4.0 100.2 27 257 559 Other textiles, garments & related trades nes 4 3.7 108.1 29 277 560 Originators, compositors & print preparers 2 9.1 22.1 3 80 561 Printers 23 41.7 55.2 35 83 - 35 - Table 7: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 562 Bookbinders & print finishers 0 3.5 0.0 0 105 563 Screen printers 0 1.3 0.0 0 284 569 Other printing & related trades nes 3 9.0 33.4 7 98 570 Carpenters & joiners 598 156.4 382.3 352 414 571 Cabinet makers 29 1 3.5 215.4 144 309 572 Case & box makers 7 3.6 194.5 78 401 573 Pattern makers (moulds) 3 5.0 59.9 12 175 579 Other woodworking trades nes 4 3.7 109.7 30 281 580 Bakers, flour confectioners 7 21.8 32.1 13 66 581 Butchers, meat cutters 8 29.0 27.6 12 54 582 Fishmongers, poultry dressers 1 3.9 26.0 1 145 590 Glass product & ceramics makers 12 22.3 53.7 28 94 591 Glass product & ceramics finishers & decorators 0 2.7 0.0 0 137 592 Dental technicians 0 3.0 0.0 0 122 593 Musical instrument makers, piano tuners 1 1.5 68.2 2 379 594 Gardeners, groundsmen/groundswomen 40 84.4 47.4 34 65 595 Horticultural trades 0 3.3 0.0 0 111 596 Coach painters, other spray painters 16 19.1 83.8 48 136 597 Face trained coalmining workers, shotfireres & deputies 7 24.7 28.4 11 59 598 Office machinery mechanics 1 1.1 87.5 2 489 599 Other craft & related occupations nes 14 8.4 167.1 91 280 600 NCOs & other ranks, UK armed forces 20 31.9 62.7 38 97 601 NCOs & other ranks, foreign & commonwealth armed forces 0 1.2 0.0 0 321 610 Police officers (sergeant & below) 16 45.3 35.4 20 57 611 Fire service officers (leading fire officer & below) 17 13.1 129.6 76 208 612 Prison service officers (below principal officer) 11 11.4 96.5 48 173 Customs & excise officers, immigration officers 613 (customs: below chief preventative officer; excise: 4 5.5 73.3 20 1 88 below surveyor) 614 Traffic wardens 3 2.9 102.2 21 298 615 Security guards & related occupations 69 121.1 57.0 44 72 619 Other security & protective service occupations nes 5 7.7 65.0 21 152 620 Chefs, cooks 11 40.5 27.2 14 49 621 Waiters, waitresses 4 8.9 44.9 12 115 622 Bar staff 2 17.3 11.6 1 42 630 Travel & flight attendants 3 4.9 61.5 13 180 631 Railway station staff 21 28.5 73.6 46 112 640 Assistant nurses, nursing auxiliaries 1 3.4 29.6 1 165 641 Hospital ward assistants 2 4.1 48.7 6 176 642 Ambulance staff 12 12.6 95.3 49 1 66 643 Dental nurses 0 0.1 0.0 0 2838 644 Care assistants & attendants 7 9.9 70.7 28 146 650 Nursery nurses 0 0.1 0.0 0 5270 651 Playgroup leaders 0 0.1 0.0 0 6148 652 Educational assistants 1 0.2 408.3 11 2322 659 Other childcare & related occupations nes 0 0.3 0.0 0 1118 660 Hairdressers, barbers 1 4.8 20.7 1 116 661 Beauticians & related occupations 0 0.2 0.0 0 2170 670 Domestic housekeepers & related occupations 2 1.7 120.3 15 435 671 Housekeepers (non-domestic) 0 0.2 0.0 0 2459 672 Caretakers 50 80.5 62.2 46 82 673 Launderers, dry cleaners, pressers 5 6.5 76.8 25 179 690 Undertakers 1 4.5 22.1 1 1 23 691 Bookmakers 4 5.2 76.5 21 1 96 699 Other personal & protective services nes 10 18.7 53.6 26 99 - 36 - Table 7: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 700 Buyers (retail trade) 0 1.4 0.0 0 263 701 Buyers & purchasing officers (not retail) 18 16.9 106.8 63 169 702 Importers & exporters 2 3.8 52.9 6 191 703 Air, commodity & ship brokers 3 2.1 141.6 29 414 710 Technical & wholesale sales representatives 55 68.1 80.7 61 105 719 Other sales representatives 22 34.6 63.5 40 96 720 Sales assistants 24 49.6 48.4 31 72 721 Retail cash desk & check out operators 0 1.4 0.0 0 265 722 Petrol pump forecourt attendants 0 3.1 0.0 0 121 730 Collector salespersons & credit agents 0 1.2 0.0 0 318 731 Roundsmen/women & van salespersons 8 23.2 34.5 15 68 732 Market & street traders & assistants 8 11.9 67.3 29 133 733 Scrap dealers, scrap metal merchants 8 12.1 66.0 28 130 790 Merchandisers 0 0.3 0.0 0 1153 791 Window dressers, floral arrangers 2 2.9 70.1 8 253 792 Telephone sales person 0 0.7 0.0 0 551 800 Bakery & confectionery process operatives 2 6.2 32.1 4 116 801 Brewery & vinery process operatives 4 11.9 33.5 9 86 802 Tobacco process operatives 2 2.1 94.3 11 341 809 Other food, drink & tobacco process operatives nes 10 37.4 26.8 13 49 810 Tannery production operatives 0 2.4 0.0 0 154 811 Preparatory fibre processors 1 2.2 46.2 1 258 812 Spinners, doublers, twisters 3 3.3 91.7 19 268 813 Winders, reelers 0 0.6 0.0 0 595 814 Other textiles processing operatives 5 10.6 47.2 15 110 820 Chemical, gas & petroleum process plant operatives 31 50.7 61.2 42 87 821 Paper, wood & related process plant operatives 14 12.0 116.5 64 195 822 Cutting & slitting machine operatives (paper products etc) 1 2.4 42.3 1 235 823 Glass & ceramics furnace operatives, kilnsetters 0 3.9 0.0 0 95 824 Rubber process operatives, moulding machine operatives, tyre builders 7 1 3.4 52.1 21 1 07 825 Plastics process operatives, moulders & extruders 12 13.9 86.4 45 151 826 Synthetic fibre makers 3 1.3 238.8 49 696 829 Other chemicals, paper, plastics & related process operatives nes 3 6.3 47.4 10 1 39 830 Furnace operatives (metal) 3 9.0 33.2 7 97 831 Metal drawers 2 2.9 69.2 8 250 832 Rollers 0 1.7 0.0 0 220 833 Annealers, hardeners temperers (metal) 0 2.3 0.0 0 159 834 Electroplaters, galvanisers, colour coaters 3 5.5 55.0 11 161 839 Other metal making & treating process operatives nes 8 12.2 65.4 28 129 840 Machine tool operatives (including CNC machine tool operatives) 292 202.6 144.2 128 161 841 Press stamping & automatic machine operatives 4 8.4 47.5 13 122 842 Metal polishers 2 6.3 31.6 4 114 843 Metal dressing operatives 0 4.6 0.0 0 80 844 Shot blasters 2 2.8 70.9 9 256 850 Assemblers/lineworkers (electrical/electronic goods) 13 13.4 96.8 52 165 851 Assemblers/lineworkers (vehicles & other metal goods) 8 36.5 21.9 9 43 859 Other assemblers/lineworkers nes 13 6.1 212.7 113 364 860 Inspectors, viewers & tester (metal & electrical goods) 40 46.5 86.1 61 117 861 Inspectors viewers, testers & examiners (other manufactured goods) 8 6.2 129.1 56 254 862 Packers, bottlers, canners, fillers 11 20.8 53.0 26 95 863 Weighers, graders, sorters 2 6.3 31.6 4 114 864 Routine laboratory testers 5 3.0 165.2 54 385 869 Other routine process operatives nes 11 9.1 120.6 60 216 - 37 - Table 7: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 870 Bus inspectors 1 4.8 20.8 1 116 871 Road transport depot inspectors & related occupations 1 4.0 25.1 1 1 40 872 Drivers of road goods vehicles 190 393.8 48.3 42 55 873 Bus & coach drivers 37 75.7 48.9 34 67 874 Taxi, cab drivers & chauffeurs 49 77.3 63.4 47 84 875 Bus conductors 1 8.2 1 2.3 0 68 880 Seafarers (merchant navy); barge, lighter & boat operatives 30 37.9 79.2 53 113 881 Railway inspectors, supervisors & guards 7 14.6 48.0 19 99 882 Railway engine drivers & assistants 30 26.1 115.2 78 164 883 Railway signal operatives & crossing keepers 2 8.4 23.9 3 86 884 Shunters & points operatives 1 3.5 28.8 1 161 885 Mechanical plant drivers & operatives (earth moving & civil engineering) 13 28.5 45.6 24 78 886 Crane drivers 31 36.0 86.1 59 122 887 Fork lift & mechanical truck drivers 35 46.9 74.6 52 104 889 Other transport & machinery operatives nes 14 12.7 110.1 60 185 890 Washers, screeners & crushers in mines & quarries 0 1.3 0.0 0 279 891 Printing machine minders & assistants 9 11.5 78.0 36 148 892 Water & sewerage plant attendants 6 9.4 64.1 24 140 893 Electrical, energy, boiler & related plant operatives & attendants 75 29.8 252.1 1 98 316 894 Oilers, greasers lubricators 1 1.3 78.3 2 435 895 Mains & service pipe layers, pipe jointers 5 12.0 41.6 14 97 896 Construction & related operatives 154 42.9 359.2 305 418 897 Woodworking machine operatives 29 1 8.0 161.5 108 232 898 Mine (excluding coal) & quarry workers 6 11.8 51.0 19 111 899 Other plant & machine operatives nes 78 56.9 137.2 108 171 900 Farm workers 6 60.7 9.9 4 22 901 Agricultural machinery drivers & operatives 0 2.8 0.0 0 132 902 Other related farming occupations 2 6.7 29.9 4 108 903 Fishing & related workers 3 13.3 22.5 5 66 904 Forestry workers 3 9.2 32.6 7 95 910 Coal mine labourers 37 162.6 22.8 16 31 911 Labourers in foundries 6 20.9 28.7 11 62 912 Labourers in engineering & allied trades 62 103.3 60.0 46 77 913 Mates to metal/electrical & related fitters 50 21.7 230.9 171 304 919 Other labourers in making & processing industries nes 49 92.3 53.1 39 70 920 Mates to woodworking trades workers 2 1.1 183.2 22 663 921 Mates to building trades workers 4 6.4 62.1 17 159 922 Rail construction & maintenance workers 7 10.7 65.4 26 135 923 Road construction & maintenance workers 9 22.0 40.9 19 78 924 Paviours, kerb layers 3 3.8 79.0 16 231 929 Other building & civil engineering labourers nes 125 109.9 113.8 95 135 930 Stevedores, dockers 68 35.4 191.9 1 49 243 931 Goods porters 16 26.4 60.6 35 98 932 Slingers 3 4.4 68.8 14 201 933 Refuse & salvage collectors 10 26.6 37.6 18 69 934 Driver's mates 0 1.4 0.0 0 273 940 Postal workers, mail sorters 70 84.0 83.4 65 105 941 Messengers, couriers 21 20.2 104.1 64 159 950 Hospital porters 10 26.3 38.0 18 70 951 Hotel porters 2 7.8 25.6 3 92 952 Kitchen porters 0 9.5 0.0 0 39 953 Counterhands, catering assistants 1 6.0 16.6 0 92 954 Shelf fillers 0 0.3 0.0 0 1366 - 38 - Table 7: Continued SOC Occupation Code Occupation description 955 Lift & car park attendants 956 Window cleaners 957 Road sweepers 958 Cleaners, domestics 959 Other occupations in sales & service nes 990 All other labourers & related workers 999 All others in miscellaneous occupations nes 95% Confidence Interval Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 5 8.9 56.1 18 5 1 6.5 30.3 10 0 9.4 0.0 0 39 50.7 77.0 55 1 3.4 29.1 1 180 256.0 70.3 60 8 3.5 226.5 98 131 71 39 105 162 81 447 nes denotes not elsewhere specified. nec denotes not elsewhere classified. This is a corrected version of Table 7 issued on 21/5/03. Some occupation codes in the original table had incorrect descriptions. - 39 - Table 8: Mesothelioma proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for females aged 16-74 in Great Britain by Standard Occupational Classification (1990) unit group, 1991-2000 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR 100 General administrators: national government (assistant secretary/grade 5 & above) 0 101 General managers; large companies and organisations 0 102 Local government officers (administrative & executive functions) 2 103 General administrators; national government (HEO to senior principal/grade 6) 0 110 Production, works & maintenance managers 0 111 Managers in building & contracting 0 112 Clerks of work 0 113 Managers in mining & energy industries 0 120 Treasurers & company financial managers 0 121 Marketing & sales managers 2 1 22 Purchasing managers 0 123 Advertising & public relations managers 0 124 Personnel, training & industrial relations managers 1 125 Organisation & methods & work study managers 0 126 Computer systems & data processing managers 0 127 Company secretaries 9 1 30 Credit controllers 0 131 Bank, building society & post office; managers (except self-employed) 0 132 Civil service executive officers 0 139 Other financial institution & office managers nes 4 1 40 Transport managers 0 1 41 Store controllers 1 142 Managers in warehousing & other materials handling 0 150 Officers in UK armed forces 0 151 Officers in foreign & commonwealth armed forces 0 152 Police officers - inspectors & above 0 153 Fire service officers - station officer & above 0 154 Prison officers - principal officer & above 0 Customs & excise, immigration service officer 155 (customs: chief preventative officer & above; excise: 0 surveyor & above) 160 Farm owners & managers, horticulturists 2 169 Other managers in farming, horticulture, forestry & fishing nes 0 1 70 Property & estate managers 0 171 Garage managers & proprietors 0 172 Hairdressers' & barbers' managers & proprietors 1 1 73 Hotel & accommodation managers 2 174 Restaurant & catering managers 5 175 Publicans, innkeepers & club stewards 4 176 Entertainment & sports managers 0 1 77 Travel agency managers 0 178 Managers & proprietors of butchers & fishmongers 0 179 Managers & proprietors in service industries nes 18 190 Officials of trade associations, trade unions, professional bodies & charities 1 191 Registrars & administrators of educational establishments 2 199 Other managers & administrators nes 8 200 Chemists 0 201 Biological scientists & biochemists 1 202 Physicists geologists & meteorologists 0 209 Other natural scientists nes 0 210 Civil, structural, municipal, mining & quarry engineers 0 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.7 2.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.2 3.0 0.8 1.5 1.5 5.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.1 3.5 7.4 6.9 1.0 0.5 0.3 20.8 0.6 0.7 5.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 63.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118.7 0.0 0.0 120.8 0.0 0.0 296.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.7 0.0 159.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 48.5 58.0 67.3 58.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 86.6 1 68.6 296.6 152.3 0.0 187.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lower 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 3 0 136 0 0 0 21 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 9 0 0 0 1 7 22 16 0 0 0 51 4 36 66 0 5 0 0 0 Upper 5270 1 8445 592 505 159 1230 7378 900 430 6148 785 671 1604 564 444 241 243 196 997 884 1677 4099 36889 7378 12296 36889 - 256 946 595 858 270 209 157 149 384 820 1118 137 944 1 078 300 2306 1051 4611 1677 9222 - 40 - Table 8: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR 211 Mechanical engineers 0 212 Electrical engineers 0 213 Electronic engineers 0 214 Software engineers 0 215 Chemical engineers 0 216 Design & development engineers 0 217 Process & production engineers 0 218 Planning & quality control engineers 0 219 Other engineers & technologists nes 0 220 Medical practitioners 1 221 Pharmacists/pharmacologists 2 222 Ophthalmic opticians 0 223 Dental practitioners 0 224 Veterinarians 0 230 University & polytechnic teaching professionals 1 231 Higher & further education teaching professionals 0 232 Education officers, school inspectors 0 233 Secondary (& middle school deemed secondary) education teaching professionals 3 234 Primary (& middle school deemed primary) & nursery teaching professionals 25 235 Special education teaching professionals 1 239 Other teaching professionals nes 1 240 Judges & officers of the court 0 241 Barristers & advocates 0 242 Solicitors 0 250 Chartered & certified accountants 1 251 Management accountants 0 252 Actuaries, economists & statisticians 0 253 Management consultants, business analysts 0 260 Architects 0 261 Town planners 0 262 Building, land, mining & general practice surveyors 0 270 Librarians 0 271 Archivists & curators 0 290 Psychologists 0 291 Other social and behavioural scientists 0 292 Clergy 0 293 Social workers, probation officers 3 300 Laboratory technicians 5 301 Engineering technicians 0 302 Electrical/electronic technicians 0 303 Architectural & town planning technicians 0 304 Building & civil engineering technicians 0 309 Other scientific technicians nes 3 310 Draughtspersons 1 311 Building inspectors 0 312 Quantity surveyors 0 313 Marine, insurance & other surveyors 0 320 Computer analyst/programmers 0 330 Air traffic planners & controllers 0 331 Aircraft flight deck officers 0 332 Ship & hovercraft officers 0 340 Nurses 17 341 Midwives 0 342 Medical radiographers 1 343 Physiotherapists 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.3 1.8 0.3 2.5 26.6 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0 4.5 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.5 1.6 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.1 334.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.5 0.0 0.0 1 22.5 94.1 286.3 63.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 251.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.9 326.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510.8 194.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.9 0.0 195.2 106.0 Lower 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40 0 0 0 2 0 0 25 61 7 2 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 06 0 0 0 0 105 5 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 5 3 Upper 18445 36889 4611 36889 12296 36889 4099 4611 429 1204 5270 2170 7378 439 210 1272 358 1 39 1592 355 4099 4611 1118 1393 36889 2459 3689 2459 12296 6148 4611 2459 2838 3689 384 196 763 9222 4099 9222 36889 1486 1092 36889 36889 636 12296 1 8445 86 233 1092 593 - 41 - Table 8: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 344 Chiropodists 0 345 Dispensing opticians 0 346 Medical technicians, dental auxiliaries 2 347 Occupational & speech therapists, psychotherapists, therapists nes 1 348 Environmental health officers 0 349 Other health associate professionals nes 0 350 Legal service & related occupations 2 360 Estimators, valuers 0 361 Underwriters, claims assessors, brokers, investment analysts 0 362 Taxation experts 0 363 Personnel & industrial relations officers 0 364 Organisation & methods & work study officers 0 370 Matrons, houseparents 5 371 Welfare, community & youth workers 1 380 Authors, writers, journalists 1 381 Artists, commercial artists, graphic designers 0 382 Industrial designers 0 383 Clothing designers 0 384 Actors, entertainers, stage managers, producers & directors 1 385 Musicians 0 386 Photographers, camera, sound & video operators 0 387 Professional athletes, sports officials 1 390 Information officers 0 391 Vocational & industrial trainers 2 392 Careers advisers & vocational guidance specialists 0 393 Driving instructors (excluding HGV) 0 394 Inspectors of factories, utilities & trading standards 0 395 Other statutory & similar inspectors nes 0 396 Occupational hygienists & safety officers (health & safety) 1 399 Other associate professional & technical occupations nes 0 400 Civil Service administrative officers & assistants 8 401 Local government clerical officers & assistants 5 410 Accounts & wages clerks, book-keepers, other financial clerks 20 411 Counter clerks & cashiers 9 412 Debt, rent & other cash collectors 1 420 Filing, computer & other record clerks (including legal conveyancing) 11 421 Library assistants/clerks 0 430 Clerks nes 45 440 Stores, despatch & production control clerks 3 441 Storekeepers & warehousemen/women 8 450 Medical secretaries 2 451 Legal secretaries 0 452 Typists & word processor operators 6 459 Other secretaries, personal assistants, typists, word processor operators nes 42 460 Receptionists 8 461 Receptionist/telephonists 2 462 Telephone operators 6 463 Radio & telegraph operators, other office communication system operators 0 490 Computer operators, data processing operators, other office machine operators 4 491 Tracers, drawing office assistants 1 0.3 0.0 0.7 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.1 4.4 3.1 1.7 1.4 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 13.5 7.4 21.3 10.3 0.5 6.4 0.8 35.2 1.2 3.4 2.1 2.3 5.9 37.4 7.6 1.0 6.5 0.6 3.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 272.0 67.3 0.0 0.0 474.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 113.8 32.6 57.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.8 0.0 0.0 352.1 0.0 255.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1142.1 0.0 59.4 68.0 94.0 87.6 196.9 173.1 0.0 127.9 248.4 237.8 95.1 0.0 102.5 1 1 2.4 105.8 199.6 91.7 0.0 1 07.0 257.5 0 0 33 2 0 0 58 0 0 0 0 0 37 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 9 0 31 0 0 0 0 28 0 26 22 57 40 5 86 0 93 51 103 12 0 38 81 46 24 34 0 29 6 1190 18445 976 374 7378 2459 1720 2838 605 1757 329 3074 266 181 320 271 3074 1 272 432 971 1153 1990 1 80 926 1604 1604 9222 9222 6191 2459 117 159 1 45 166 1092 310 492 1 71 725 469 344 1 58 223 1 52 209 722 200 576 274 1429 - 42 - Table 8: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 500 Bricklayers, masons 0 501 Roofers, slaters, tilers, sheeters, cladders 0 502 Plasterers 0 503 Glaziers 0 504 Builders, building contractors 0 505 Scaffolders, stagers, steeplejacks, riggers 0 506 Floorers, floor coverers, carpet fitters & planners, floor & wall tilers 0 507 Painters & decorators 1 509 Other construction trades nes 0 510 Centre, capstan, turret & other lather setters & setteroperators 0 511 Boring & drilling machine setters & setter-operators 0 512 Grinding machine setters & setter-operators 0 513 Milling machine setters & setter-operators 0 514 Press setters & setter-operators 0 515 Tool makers, tool fitters & markers-out 0 516 Metal working production & maintenance fitters 0 517 Precision instrument makers & repairers 0 518 Goldsmiths, silversmiths, precious stone workers 1 519 Other machine tool setters & setter operators nes (inc. CNC setter-operators) 0 520 Production fitters (electical/electronic) 0 521 Electricians, electrical maintenance fitters 0 522 Electrical engineers (not professional) 0 523 Telephone fitters 0 524 Cable jointers, lines repairers 0 525 Radio, TV & video engineers 0 526 Computer engineers, installation & maintenance 0 529 Other electrical/electronic trades nes 0 530 Smiths & forge workers 0 531 Moulders, core makers, die casters 0 532 Plumbers, heating & ventilating engineers & related trades 0 533 Sheet metal workers 0 534 Metal plate workers, shipwrights, riveters 0 535 Steel erectors 0 536 Barbenders, steel fixers 0 537 Welding trades 2 540 Motor mechanics, auto engineers (including road patrol engineers) 0 541 Coach & vehicle body builders 0 542 Vehicle body repairers, panel beaters 0 543 Auto electricians 0 544 Tyre & exhaust fitters 0 550 Weavers 4 551 Knitters 0 552 Warp preparers, bleachers, dyers & finishers 0 553 Sewing machinists, menders, darners & embroiderers 19 554 Coach trimmers, upholsterers & mattress makers 0 Shoe repairers, leather cutters & sewers, footwear 555 lasters, makers & finishers, other leather making & repairing 3 556 Tailors & dressmakers 8 557 Clothing cutter, milliners, furriers 1 559 Other textiles, garments & related trades nes 0 560 Originators, compositors & print preparers 0 561 Printers 0 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.1 0.0 0 3354 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0 1 8445 0.3 364.0 9 2064 0.0 0.0 0 36889 0.1 0.0 0 6148 0.1 0.0 0 4611 0.1 0.0 0 5270 0.0 0.0 0 1 8445 0.0 0.0 0 6148 0.1 0.0 0 2459 0.4 0.0 15 3277 0.2 0.0 0 6148 0.2 588.4 0 4611 0.1 0.0 0 1 41 9 0.1 0.0 0 6148 0.3 0.0 0 2635 0.1 0.0 0 7378 0.1 0.0 0 36889 0.1 0.0 0 18445 0.0 0.0 0 1604 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0.2 0.0 0 1 604 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0.2 0.0 0 1844 0.0 0.0 0 9222 0.1 0.0 0 5270 0.0 0.0 0 12296 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 42 1 267 0.6 349.3 0 2306 0.2 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 172.4 47 1.8 0.0 0 0.5 0.0 0 15.2 124.8 75 0.6 0.0 0 441 211 723 195 615 3.1 95.5 20 279 4.7 171.8 74 338 0.6 174.6 4 977 0.9 0.0 0 397 0.1 0.0 0 3074 0.9 0.0 0 434 - 43 - Table 8: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 562 Bookbinders & print finishers 0 563 Screen printers 0 569 Other printing & related trades nes 0 570 Carpenters & joiners 0 571 Cabinet makers 0 572 Case & box makers 0 573 Pattern makers (moulds) 0 579 Other woodworking trades nes 0 580 Bakers, flour confectioners 1 581 Butchers, meat cutters 0 582 Fishmongers, poultry dressers 0 590 Glass product & ceramics makers 0 591 Glass product & ceramics finishers & decorators 1 592 Dental technicians 0 593 Musical instrument makers, piano tuners 0 594 Gardeners, groundsmen/groundswomen 0 595 Horticultural trades 0 596 Coach painters, other spray painters 0 597 Face trained coalmining workers, shotfireres & deputies 0 598 Office machinery mechanics 0 599 Other craft & related occupations nes 0 600 NCOs & other ranks, UK armed forces 1 601 NCOs & other ranks, foreign & commonwealth armed forces 0 610 Police officers (sergeant & below) 0 611 Fire service officers (leading fire officer & below) 0 612 Prison service officers (below principal officer) 0 Customs & excise officers, immigration officers 613 (customs: below chief preventative officer; excise: below surveyor) 0 614 Traffic wardens 0 615 Security guards & related occupations 0 619 Other security & protective service occupations nes 2 620 Chefs, cooks 12 621 Waiters, waitresses 1 622 Bar staff 4 630 Travel & flight attendants 0 631 Railway station staff 0 640 Assistant nurses, nursing auxiliaries 5 641 Hospital ward assistants 0 642 Ambulance staff 0 643 Dental nurses 1 644 Care assistants & attendants 19 650 Nursery nurses 5 651 Playgroup leaders 0 652 Educational assistants 2 659 Other childcare & related occupations nes 10 660 Hairdressers, barbers 3 661 Beauticians & related occupations 1 670 Domestic housekeepers & related occupations 5 671 Housekeepers (non-domestic) 1 672 Caretakers 4 673 Launderers, dry cleaners, pressers 6 690 Undertakers 0 691 Bookmakers 0 699 Other personal & protective services nes 1 1.3 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.2 1.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.2 1 5.8 4.4 4.1 1.5 0.2 11.9 2.1 0.2 0.5 20.3 1.9 0.3 2.5 7.3 3.2 0.5 4.0 0.9 2.8 4.6 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 116.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 387.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165.2 76.0 22.6 96.8 0.0 0.0 42.1 0.0 0.0 186.7 93.5 262.2 0.0 81.2 137.4 93.7 185.1 126.5 110.2 142.3 129.8 0.0 0.0 69.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 39 1 26 0 0 14 0 0 5 56 85 0 10 66 19 5 41 3 39 48 0 0 2 288 4099 229 3689 4099 12296 36889 4099 502 1054 1537 207 648 7378 12296 946 820 2635 - 615 2143 36889 1190 18445 2049 2635 922 520 597 1 33 126 248 243 1 757 98 1 80 2049 1032 146 611 1230 294 253 274 1032 295 612 364 283 3689 1 366 387 - 44 - Table 8: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 700 Buyers (retail trade) 0 701 Buyers & purchasing officers (not retail) 0 702 Importers & exporters 0 703 Air, commodity & ship brokers 0 710 Technical & wholesale sales representatives 3 719 Other sales representatives 3 720 Sales assistants 46 721 Retail cash desk & check out operators 3 722 Petrol pump forecourt attendants 0 730 Collector salespersons & credit agents 0 731 Roundsmen/women & van salespersons 0 732 Market & street traders & assistants 0 733 Scrap dealers, scrap metal merchants 0 790 Merchandisers 0 791 Window dressers, floral arrangers 1 792 Telephone sales person 3 800 Bakery & confectionery process operatives 1 801 Brewery & vinery process operatives 2 802 Tobacco process operatives 0 809 Other food, drink & tobacco process operatives nes 5 810 Tannery production operatives 0 811 Preparatory fibre processors 1 812 Spinners, doublers, twisters 1 813 Winders, reelers 3 814 Other textiles processing operatives 4 820 Chemical, gas & petroleum process plant operatives 5 821 Paper, wood & related process plant operatives 0 822 Cutting & slitting machine operatives (paper products etc) 0 823 Glass & ceramics furnace operatives, kilnsetters 0 824 Rubber process operatives, moulding machine operatives, tyre builders 0 825 Plastics process operatives, moulders & extruders 4 826 Synthetic fibre makers 0 829 Other chemicals, paper, plastics & related process operatives nes 1 830 Furnace operatives (metal) 0 831 Metal drawers 0 832 Rollers 0 833 Annealers, hardeners temperers (metal) 0 834 Electroplaters, galvanisers, colour coaters 0 839 Other metal making & treating process operatives nes 0 840 Machine tool operatives (including CNC machine tool operatives) 1 841 Press stamping & automatic machine operatives 3 842 Metal polishers 1 843 Metal dressing operatives 0 844 Shot blasters 0 850 Assemblers/lineworkers (electrical/electronic goods) 1 851 Assemblers/lineworkers (vehicles & other metal goods) 3 859 Other assemblers/lineworkers nes 3 860 Inspectors, viewers & testers (metal & electrical goods) 861 Inspectors viewers, testers & examiners (other manufactured goods) 2 4 862 Packers, bottlers, canners, fillers 10 863 Weighers, graders, sorters 2 864 Routine laboratory testers 1 869 Other routine process operatives nes 1 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.0 1.0 1.2 41.9 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.2 1.4 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.6 5.7 0.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.3 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 5.2 2.0 2.8 2.5 2.3 8.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.0 0 1 230 0.0 0 473 0.0 0 4099 0.0 0 36889 305.9 63 895 254.9 52 743 109.9 80 147 92.2 19 270 0.0 0 971 0.0 0 3689 0.0 0 1317 0.0 0 376 0.0 0 5270 0.0 0 2306 72.7 2 404 872.5 182 2579 67.0 2 374 555.6 67 2007 0.0 0 605 88.3 29 206 0.0 0 3074 405.1 10 2229 101.8 3 569 293.9 61 860 263.5 72 674 386.1 125 898 0.0 0 900 0.0 0 7378 0.0 0 18445 0.0 0 858 425.4 0.0 116 0 1090 6148 839.7 21 4643 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0 4611 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0 36889 0.0 0 6148 0.0 0 3689 30.0 1 167 209.3 529.6 0.0 0.0 19.1 43 13 0 0 0 613 2932 4099 36889 106 1 52.5 31 445 107.5 22 314 80.3 10 290 1 77.5 119.8 302.6 1 07.3 94.7 48 57 37 3 2 455 220 1095 599 526 - 45 - Table 8: Continued 95% Confidence Interval SOC Occupation Code Occupation description 870 Bus inspectors 871 Road transport depot inspectors & related occupations 872 Drivers of road goods vehicles 873 Bus & coach drivers 874 Taxi, cab drivers & chauffeurs 875 Bus conductors 880 Seafarers (merchant navy); barge, lighter & boat operatives 881 Railway inspectors, supervisors & guards 882 Railway engine drivers & assistants 883 Railway signal operatives & crossing keepers 884 Shunters & points operatives 885 Mechanical plant drivers & operatives (earth moving & civil engineering) 886 Crane drivers 887 Fork lift & mechanical truck drivers 889 Other transport & machinery operatives nes 890 Washers, screeners & crushers in mines & quarries 891 Printing machine minders & assistants 892 Water & sewerage plant attendants 893 Electrical, energy, boiler & related plant operatives & attendants 894 Oilers, greasers lubricators 895 Mains & service pipe layers, pipe jointers 896 Construction & related operatives 897 Woodworking machine operatives 898 Mine (excluding coal) & quarry workers 899 Other plant & machine operatives nes 900 Farm workers 901 Agricultural machinery drivers & operatives 902 Other related farming occupations 903 Fishing & related workers 904 Forestry workers 910 Coal mine labourers 911 Labourers in foundries 912 Labourers in engineering & allied trades 913 Mates to metal/electrical & related fitters 919 Other labourers in making & processing industries nes 920 Mates to woodworking trades workers 921 Mates to building trades workers 922 Rail construction & maintenance workers 923 Road construction & maintenance workers 924 Paviours, kerb layers 929 Other building & civil engineering labourers nes 930 Stevedores, dockers 931 Goods porters 932 Slingers 933 Refuse & salvage collectors 934 Driver's mates 940 Postal workers, mail sorters 941 Messengers, couriers 950 Hospital porters 951 Hotel porters 952 Kitchen porters 953 Counterhands, catering assistants 954 Shelf fillers Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 2 0.9 213.6 26 0 0.3 0.0 0 0 0.5 0.0 0 2 1.4 1 44.6 18 1 0.0 4395.6 1 27 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0.2 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.9 109.2 3 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 - 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.2 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 - 3 6.0 49.9 10 2 1.8 109.1 13 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.4 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.1 0.0 0 3 1.6 191.2 39 1 0.1 1590.7 42 31 1 2.0 258.1 1 75 0 0.0 0.0 - 0 0.0 0.0 - 0 0.0 0.0 - 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 - 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.0 6929.6 253 0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 - 1 0.1 1635.2 42 0 0.0 0.0 0 3 1.9 159.2 33 3 0.7 404.4 84 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 6 4.4 137.0 50 13 1 8.4 70.5 38 0 0.1 0.0 0 Upper 12296 1 8445 769 1118 769 524 27858 12296 - 7378 36889 36889 4611 5270 2459 606 36889 1 2296 36889 12296 2049 146 395 36889 946 36889 12296 36889 3689 558 9286 366 36889 9222 55716 7378 9286 36889 466 1185 1 8445 36889 298 1 21 3354 - 46 - Table 8: Continued SOC Occupation Code Occupation description 955 Lift & car park attendants 956 Window cleaners 957 Road sweepers 958 Cleaners, domestics 959 Other occupations in sales & service nes 990 All other labourers & related workers 999 All others in miscellaneous occupations nes 95% Confidence Interval Deaths Expected Deaths PMR Lower Upper 0 0.1 0.0 0 4099 0 0.0 0.0 0 18445 0 0.0 0.0 0 18445 55 62.2 88.5 67 115 0 0.3 0.0 0 1190 2 1.0 202.9 24 730 1 0.1 1962.4 51 11143 nes denotes not elsewhere specified. nec denotes not elsewhere classified. This is a corrected version of Table 8 issued on 21/5/03. Some occupation codes in the original table had incorrect descriptions. - 47 - References 1) Occupational Health Decennial Supplement HMSO 1995 ISBN 0 11 691618 4 2) Standard Occupational Classification 1990 London: HMSO 1991 ISBN 0 11 691284 7 3) Classification ofoccupations 1980 London: HMSO 1980 ISBN 0 11 690728 2 4) Occupational Health Decennial Supplement HMSO 1995 ISBN 0 11 691618 4 5) Breslow NE and Day NE (1980) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol 1, The Analysis of Case-Control Studies (IARC Scientific Publications No. 32), Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 92 832 11324 - 48 - APPENDIX 1 Calculation of PMRs To calculate the PMR for a given time period, the total number of deaths from all causes and the total number from mesothelioma in Great Britain for that period are required, broken down by age and occupation group. For each occupation the number of deaths from all causes, is divided by the total number of deaths from all causes for all occupations to give the proportion of all deaths that were amongst workers with that occupation. This proportion is multiplied by the total number of mesothelioma deaths to give the number of deaths from mesothelioma that would be expected in that occupation, under the assumption that occupation is not related to mesothelioma risk. The PMR is then the ratio of the actual number of mesothelioma cases that occurred, to this expected number, in a given occupation, expressed as a percentage. If the observed number of deaths is greater or less than the expected, then the PMR will be respectively, greater or less than 100 indicating that the observed number of mesotheliomas is greater or less than the average for all occupations. Table A illustrates the calculation of a PMR for men in "occupation A". Column 3 gives the proportion of all mesothelioma deaths by age; column 2 divided by column 1. This proportion is applied to the number of deaths from all causes by age in occupation A, given in column 4, to give expected number of deaths from mesothelioma in this occupation in column 5. The total observed number of deaths (500 - not shown in table), divided by the total expected number of deaths (230 shown in column 5) expressed as a percentage gives a PMR of 217. - 49 - Table A Age group Deaths All men All causes 16-24 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 (1) 16500 21,732 18,072 20,544 27,300 42,576 61,236 102,900 187,416 308,988 433,956 550,296 Mesothelioma deaths (2) 1 1 5 16 76 199 402 705 1,145 1,436 1,499 1,315 Proportion from mesothelioma (3) = (2) / (1) 0.000061 0.000046 0.000277 0.000779 0.002784 0.004674 0.006565 0.006851 0.006109 0.004647 0.003454 0.002390 Men in occupation A All cause deaths Expected deaths (4) 6400 7,833 7,907 7,770 6,443 6,222 6,243 6,391 6,269 5,367 4,997 3,729 (6)=(3)*(4) 0.388 0.360 2.188 6.051 17.937 29.082 40.984 43.787 38.300 24.943 17.261 8.911 All ages 16-74 1,775,016 8,347 106,334 230 Confidence intervals and statistical significance A PMR calculated for an occupation group may be greater or less than 100 by chance. Confidence intervals are used to give an indication of the uncertainty associated with each PMR due to this random variation. A 95% confidence interval is such that, if the calculation could be repeated many times with different samples of the events, then 95% of the time, the confidence interval will contain the true value of the PMR. If the lower confidence limit for a PMR is greater than 100 then the PMR is said to be statistically significantly elevated at the 2.5% level. Likewise, if the upper confidence interval that is presented is lower than 100 then the PMR is said to be statistically significantly lower at the 2.5% level. - 50 - Methodology for trend tests The PMRs for each time period (given in Tables 3 and 4) for a given occupation will fluctuate simply by chance, especially when occupations have a small number of cases. To take account of such variation and determine whether there is evidence that PMRs for occupation groups have increased or decreased over time, a statistical test based on case-control study methodology was carried out (adjusted test of trend based on the statistic given by Armitage and Mantel)[5 chapter 4, pp 146-150]. Two levels of statistical significance were assessed and indicated where appropriate on tables 3 and 4. A single star denotes occupations where a trend was found to be significant at the 5% level - ie there is a 5% chance that the apparent trend is a result of chance alone. Two stars denote occupations were a trend was found to be significant at the 1% level - i.e. there is a 1% chance that the apparent trend is a result of chance alone. - 51 - Enquiry contact point: Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit Health and Safety Executive Room 244 Magdalen House Stanley Precinct Bootle Merseyside L20 3QZ Tel: 0151 951 3479 / 3051 HSE publications: Latest mesothelioma statistics summary: www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/meso.htm The following leaflets are also available - free from HSE Books at: HSE Books PO BOX 1999 Sudbury Suffolk CO10 2WA (Tel: 01787 881165). "Asbestos Dust: The Hidden Killer. Are you at risk? Essential advice for building maintenance, repair and refurbishment workers", INDG 187L "Asbestos alert for building maintenance, repair and refurbishment workers", INDG 188P- a pocket card for workers. "Asbestos dust kills. Keep your mask on." INDG 255 "Working with asbestos in buildings" INDG 289 "A short guide to managing asbestos in premises" INDG 223 (rev 3) - 52 -