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9} the Aroclors physical ... properties and suggested 4 > applications Application data bulletin No. O-P-115 00X9702 TOWOLDMONOQ20793 FOREWORD The Aroclors*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated poly-phenyls, possess unique properties which enable the fulfillment of requirements not met by other materials. This has won a prominent place for Aroclor6, particularly, in the electrical insulating field and in such widely differing applications as nonflammable hydraulic media, hightemperature and high-pressure lubricants, heat-transfer and expansion media, sealing compounds, adhesives and protective coatings, including plastics, pigments, lacquers, paints and varnishes. This booklet describes the properties of thirteen Aroclors, each of which is representative of a series. For almost every Aroclor described there is a dark-colored grade of other wise approximately the same physical and chemical char acteristics. These darker products are less pure but lower in price. The Aroclors are efficient and very economical, both when used alone to accomplish results not attainable by other materials and when used as extenders to enhance the properties of other products. They are produced exclusively by Monsanto Chemical Company. 'Hcgislrrcd in U. S. Patent Office. 0019703 TOWOLDMONOQ20794 INDEX Page No. GENERAL PROPERTIES.......................................3 General Physical Properties of Some of the Aroclors.....................................................4^5 Resistance of Structural Materials to Aroclors ..............................................................6 Adhesiveness.............................................................. 7 Specific Volume................................................... 7 Average Coefficients of Expansion, Aroclor 1248......................................................... 7 Corrosion........................................................................7 Density............................................................................ 9 Electrical Properties................................................ 9 Non-drying Properties............................................9 Nonflammability......................................................... 9 Solubility........................................................................9 Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity . 9 Electrical Properties................................................ 9 Thermal Conductivity of Aroclor 1248 . . 10 Stability......................................................................10 Toward Alkalies...................................................10 Toward Acids....................................................... 10 Toward Heat........................................................10 Toward Oxidation.............................................. 10 Surface Tension....................................................... 10 Thermoplasticity....................................................... 10 Vaporization Loss...................................................13 Vapor Pressures....................................................... 13 APPLICATION OF AROCLORS.......................15 Adhesives..................................................................... 15 Electrical Equipment.............................................. 15 Expansion Medium...................................................15 Page No. Hydraulic Medium.................................................. 15 Power Transmission......................................... 15 Hydraulic Pressure Medium........................... 15 Liquid Heating Medium................................16 Lubrication................................................................ 17 Air Compressors.................................................. 17 Cutting Oils............................................................17 High Temperature..............................................17 Extreme Pressure..............................................17 Submerged Lubrication.................................... 18 Gaskets and Packing Materials........................... 18 Dermatology and Toxicology................................19 Suggested Uses for Aroclors in Plastics, Pig ments, Lacquers, Paints, Varnishes and Waxes.....................................................................20 Compatibility with Various Materials . . 20 Ethyl Cellulose.................................................. 20 Graphic Arts....................................................... 20 Impregnation....................................................... 21 Moisture Proofing..............................................21 Pigment................................................................ 21 Paints and Varnishes.........................................21 Rubber and Rubber Substitutes .... 22 Modified Rubber Finishes............................... 22 Vinyl Resins........................................................... 22 Nitrocellulose Coatings....................................23 Waxes......................................................................... 23 Diagrams Showing Practical Composi tion of Lacquers Using Aroclors 1254 and 1262 ................................................ 24^25-26 Other Literature on Aroclor Applications............................................. 27 2 001970* TOWOLDMONOQ20795 General Properties The Aroclors range in form and appearance from mobile oily liquids to fine white crystals and hard transparent resins. They are non-oxidizing, permanently thermoplastic. of low volatility and non-corrosive to metals. They are not hydrolyzed by water, alkalies or acids. The viscous liquids and the resins will not support combustion when heated alone. The crystalline Aroclors arc relatively insoluhle, but the liquid and resinous products arc soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclors arc insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. and Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower molecular weight alcohols. Aroclor 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. The excellent electrical properties, fire resistance and inertness of the Aroclors make them useful in many applications. The properties imparted by the Aroclors and their usefulness for particular applicalions vary in regular gradients over the series so that the selection of the right Aroclor for a specific use can generally be made simply by a comparison of the physical properties of the several Aroclors. 3 0019705 TOWOLDMON0020796 TABLE GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Form......................................................................... Aroclor 1221 Colorless mo* bile oil Color........................................................................ SO Max. (APHA) Aroclor 1232 Practically colorless mobile oil 60 Max. (APHA) Aroclor 1242 Practically colorless mobile oil 100 Max. (APHA) Arcolor 1248 Yellow tinted mobile oil 100 Max. (APHA) Aroclor 1254 Light yellow viscous oil 150 Max. (apiia) Acidity--Maximum (Mgm. KOH per Gin.). . 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 AVERAGE COKFFICIKNT OF Expansion........................................... cc/cc/C Typical Density Specific Gravity 25/25C (77/77F).......... Pounds per Gallon--25UC (77UF).................. 0.00071 (15-40C) 1.182 9.85 Distillation Range--ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C............................................................... 275-320 EVAPORATION Loss--%--ASTM D*6 Mod. 163C.......................................................... 5 lira. 100C..........................................................6 hrs. -- 1.0 to 1.5 0.00073 (25-100C) 1.266 10.55 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.380 11.50 290-325 -- 1.0 to 1.5 325-360 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.445 12.04 340-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 0.00066 (25- 65C) 1.538 12.82 365-390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 I1'lash Point--Cleveland Open Cup............C 141o-150 F 286-302 152-154 305-310 176-180 348-356 193-196 379-384 None CO ^oeO Fire Point--Cleveland Open Cup.............. C 176 F 349 Pour Point--ASTM D-97............................C oF Softening Point--ASTM E-28.................. C Crystals at JL Crystals at 34*F -- "F - Refractive Index--D-line--20C................... 1.617-1.618 Viscosity--Saybolt Universal 210F (98.9C) 30-31 Sec. (ASTM D-88) 130.F (54.4C) 35-37 100F (37.8C) 40-42 -35.5 -32 -- 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 47-50 None* -19 2 -- 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 80-93 None --7 19.4 -- 1.630-1.631 36-37 69-78 185-240 None 10 50 1.639-1.641 44--48 260-340 1800 2500 *NONK indicates--"No fire point up to boiling temperature*' 4 001V706 TOWOLDMONOQ20797 OF SOME OF THE AROCLORS i Aroclor 1260 Light yellow soft sticky resin ISO Mux. (APHA) 0.01 S Arocix>r 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin ISO Max. (APHA) 0.02 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.620 13.SO 0.00064 (25-65C) 1.646 13.72 385-420 0.S to 0.R 0.0 to 0.1 None 400-430 0.S to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 31 88 None 37 99 1.647-1.640 72-78 32GO-4SOO 1.6501-1.6517 90-103 600-850 (IMiTnc 71C) Aroclor 1268 White opaque resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 Aroclor 4465 Yellow trans parent brittle resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.05 Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.810 15.09 0.00061 (25-65C) 1.670 13.91 0.00123 (25-99C) 1.470 12.24 435M50 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 None None _ 135 to 160 (hold pt.) 275 to 320 (hold pt.) -- 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None 60 lo 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (266F or 130*C) 215-300 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 0.01 247 477 >350 >662 46 115 50 to 61 113 to 122 -- 300-400 Aroclor 5460 Yellow trans parent resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.07 Aroclor 2565 Brown-black opaque resin -- 1.4 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.670 13.91 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.734 14.44 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at 260*--S kra.) None - 0.2 to 0.3 -- None None None 100 to 105.5 212 to 222 1.660-1.665 66 to 72 149to 162 ___ 5 0019707 TOWOLDMONOQ20798 TABLE II-- Resistance of Structural Materials to Arodors Metals 1248 25C 125C Aluminum........................................................................ Copper.............................................................................. Magnesium.................................................................. .... Nickel................................................................................ Silver................................................................................. Zinc.................................................................................... Mild Steel........................................................................ Phosphor Hronre............................................................ Red Brass........................................................................ Stainless Steel (Type 316)........................................... Yellow Brass................................................................... R R HR RR R R R RR R P RR R Plastics Alkyd Resin No. 46594-12.......................................... Alkyd Resin No. 465940 3A....................................... Cellulose Acetate (FibeBtos)....................................... Duritc Phenol Furfural Resin.................................... Forinvar Highly Plasticized....................................... Fonnvar l/ow Plasticized............................................ Glyptal 1276.................................................................... Glyptal 7136.................................................................... Maleic Resin No. 46594-13B...................................... Maleic Resin No. 46594-13C...................................... Plexiglas (Methyl Methacrylate).............................. Polystyrene (Lnstron B)............................................. Resinox Mineral filled Melamine Itesm................. Hesinox Wood Flour Killed Melamine Resin......... Resinox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde.... Resinox Wood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resinox Rug Filled Phenol Formaldehyde............. llrea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.)............... *P *1) 1> *D De PS R *1) P P *D P *D *P *D *D *D *D R D R R R R R R D D RR Re P P P P T '1' P T P P P T *P P D 1 n p AROct^R Number 1254 25C 125C RR R 1) RR R RR RR RR KK HR RR KR RD RR RR R De *P P I) P I> P *R P Pe T PS T DP *R 1' *P ]' *R P D P PT R R *R D *D 1) *1) *R *n M) 1) *P 4465 125C *RR D RR RR K R R R R R RR Re P P P 1) 1' T I* 'I' P P P T *1* R R D *1> P 5460 125C RR D *RR R R R RR RR R De RR He P P P P T 1' 1 1' P P P T *1) P P P P P Meaning of Abbreviations: *--Based on weight gain calculated as penetration value shown. HR--Kxccllent resistance--less than 1.0 x 10'* cm/day penetration or .00014 in/yr. R--Good resistance--has penetration between 1.0 x 10~ and 10 x 10_ cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. I)--Doubtful resistance, penetration between 10 x 10_* cm/day and 100*10'6 cm/day or between 0.0014 and 0.014 in/yr. 1*--1'oor resistance -penetration greater than 100 x lO"* cm/day or 0.014 in/yr. l'S--Poor resistance due to visible local action although weight change indicates greater resistance, e--Following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated if totally immersed since weight loss is helieved to come from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. T --Materia) alone wilt not stand temperature. 6 0019708 TOWOLDMONOQ20799 ADHESIVENESS The Aroclor resins alulere strongly to smooth surfaces, 6ucli as glass, metal and varnished or lacquered coatings. Thr softer Aroclors are indicated where a flexible, non-drying, water-resistant strongly adhesive ma terial is required. The Aroclor adhesives are thermoplastic; are reudily applied hot without solvent; do not require high temperatures for easy application, and arc set immediately upon cooling. SPECIFIC VOLUME The sjieeifie volume of Aroclor 1248 at different tem|>eratures is as follows: Temp. "K Aroclor 1248 Specific Volume ml/gm 0 0.674 100 0.699 200 0.726 300 0.755 400 0.790 500 0.828 600 0.870 AVERAGE COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION, AROCLOR 1248 The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1248 per degree F. within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table below was deter mined by using the simple formula Vt = Vt1 fl+a (t-tj)). The coefficient, o, has been calcu lated at 100F increments, as follows: Temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/ F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00048 0.00051 CORROSION The Aroclors show practically no corrosive effect on metals within normal ranges of temperature. They do attack many plastics materials of con struction as shown in Tabic II. A bsolute Density (s m s . / ccj 7 0019709 TOWOLDMON0020800 FIG. 2 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT @ 1000 CYCLES DENSITY AH the Aroclors are heavier than water, a valuable property for many applications. Densities are shown in Figure 1. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES The Aroclors have extremely interesting electri cal characteristics: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric con stant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C. and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. The dielectric constants of Aroclors 1242 and 1254 at various temperatures are shown graphically in Figure 2. The. electrical properties of the Aroclors are shown in Table 111. NON-DRYING PROPERTIES The Aroclors are non-drying, and when they are exjwaed to the air, even in thin films, no notice able oxidation or hardening takes place. How ever, when used as ingredients of lacquers, they do not retard the rate of drying of the lacquer films. Quick drying varnishes and paints may he made with Aroclor resins. NONFLAMMABILITY The viscous Aroclor oils and the resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points-- temperatures above 350C Most of the Aroclors flux readily with resinous and pitch-like materials to give a product hav ing a decreased fire hazard. When incorporated in nitrocellulose films and rubber foams the Aroclors retard the rate of burning. SOLUBILITY All Aroclors are insoluble in water. Solubilities of some of the Aroclors in the more common sub stances are shown in Table VI. The Aroclor oils and resins are readily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. The hard crystalline materials are in general le68 soluble than the Aroclor oils or softer resins. Compatibility data on Aroclors in nitrocellulose lacquers are shown on page 18. SPECIFIC HEAT AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY The specific heat at different temperatures of several of the Aroclors is shown in Figure 3. This, together with the thermal conductivity data given in Tabic IV, enable calculations involved in the use of Aroclors as high-temperature, low' pressure, fluid heat-transfer media. TABLE III -- Electrical Properties Dielectric (oiiBlunt a 1 J.OOO Cycles (J) Aroclor 25C 100C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm--cm at 100C, 500 Volts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 Above 500xl09 Greater than 35KV 1248 5.6 4.6 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1254 5.0 4.3 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1260 4.3 3.7 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 126ft 2.5 -- 5442 3.0 4.9 Above 500x10 5454 2.7 4.2 5460 2.5 3.7 4465 2.7 3.3 (U ASTM 1M5047T (2) ASTM n-257-46 (31 ASTM D-14944 (4) AS TM p-iro-m Power Factor (4) 100C, 1.000 Cycles <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% - 9 0019711 CALORIES ( I5 'C ) PER GRAM PER -C FIG. 3 HEAT CAPACITY OF AROCLOBS of vor/ous ftmptrofi'res TabhIV Thermal Conductivity of Aroelor 1246 Temperature PTl)./Hr./Sq. Ft./ Calories, grarn/Sec./ "C. F. ....... F./F>.Sq.Cm.7C./Cm. 30 90 0.0680 281 x HP 60 140 0.0687 284 x 10"* 100 212 0.0697 288 x 1(P STABILITY Toward Alkalies The Aroclors are remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high tem perature. They are not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids Kxpcriincnts were made to determine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved during the treat ment of Aroclors with sulfuric acid. Aroelor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal vol ume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which solution would give a pre cipitate of silver chloride if an\ 11CI came in con tact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid lax or in the treat ing flask showed any hydrogen chloride present. Kven prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid indicated onlx a slight trace (loo small for quantitative measurement) of hydrogen chloride in the arid layer. Toward Heat Because of their stability to heat, the Aroclors are useful heat-transfer media. Aroelor 1251 ami particularly the less viscous Aroelor 1218 are recommended for this purpose because thc\ max be heated at temperatures up to 315C (600F) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition and are at the same time nonflammable. Toward Oxidation Vi hen Aroclors are subjected toa bomb test a 1140C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch oxxgen. there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. SURFACE TENSION The surface tension of Aroelor 1251 in dxncs per centimeter is as follows: Temperature Surface Tension--dwien cm. 25C 80C 100C 50.3 44.0 12.0 THERMOPLASTICITY The Aroclors are permanently thermoplastic. Thrx apparently undergo no condensation or harden ing upon repeated melting and cooling. The clear Aroelor resins are now being produced with soft ening points up to 105C. The opaque crystalline 6olids are produced with initial melting points up to approximately 290C. 10 0019712 TABLE VI--Solubility of Aroclors in 100 Milliliters of Various Solvents Aroclor Type of Solvent 1242 25C Hot 1248 25C Hot 1234 25C Hot 1270 Cold Hot Acetic Arid......................... Oleic Arid........................... ... S Benzoic Acid...................... . , 10.0 *'*c s s __ __ __ ___ __ 10.0 2'<:: __ Ss ss ___ __ ___ __ Aldrhvdc All', Kormaldchyde.......... .. I T 1I I1 1 Kirfuru)............................. ... VS Amine VS VS VS VS vs ss Aniline................................. s Pvridine.............................. , ,132.5 S0*c 440 **<: __ ___ __ __ ss msi*c 423 ioo-c ___ __ Chlor,, derivative* Amvl chloride* -mixed ... .. S s ss ss Curium Tetrachloride, ... .. Chloroform............ . , , ,. Dichlorethylenc................. Kthylrnr trichloride . . ,. S s __ s s s __ R ss ss __ __ ss ss ss ss 3.7 3.0 Monochlorobenzenr.......... ,, Orthodichlorohcnzene . . . ,. Tetrachlorethane....................... Triehlorelhune........................... Triehiorelhylene........................ Drying Oil s -- S R S s __ ss __ ss ss ss ss -- ss ss ss Tung Oil...................................... l.iii*eed Oil.................................. K*ler S R ss ss ss ss Amvl Aeelate......................... Butyl Acetate......................... Celln*nlve Acetate..................... (InttmiHeed Oil........................... Dilmtyl Phthidntr................. Diethyl Phlhalate................. KillyI Arrtutr......................... Kthvl i-^elate......................... Ktlnlcnr Clveol I )iaeetate.. Mrtliyl Arrtutr......................... Trirrrxyl Plm*phte................. Kthrr: Kthvl Kthrr....................... Kthrr Alcohol R S R R R R R R R R R R ss ss Rs Rs ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss Carliilol.................................... 221 * Ct-lloxnlvr.................................... R Dirthx Irnr (ilvcol .................. . 307 wr R vs vs ss 173 *< 230 <c ss /*/*' I iiliydrow KthvlKthrr 16.0 *<: Hydrocarbon ' ss Brnrrnc................................... VR CaHoliiir................................... VR Kem*rnr ................................... VR Minrrnl Spiritm.......................... VR Paraflin..................................... 2.0 Pine Oil....................................... S Toluene .................................. VR 'I'uriH-ntinr.............................. VS Xylrnr..................................... VS Hydroxy drriv alive* VS vs vs vs s s vs vs vs vs vs vs VR 2.0 28-C vs VR VS vs vs vs vs vs s vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s Rs vs vs vs vs vs vs Amvl Alcohol............................. R n-Mntvl Air,>hnl ....................... Kills I Alcohol (3. \)............. 23.3 'C Clyceriiic..................................... J Mrtlisl Almhol , . 12 5 '<: Phenol W; ....................... IQjso'i: Krlonr s s 80.0 70<: 1 88.3 ><: S s s JO 27`C I 15 26`C ss s s 28 'S'c I 22.2 *s't: s Acetone.............................. Min'ellnoron* S s (latImhi Di*nlfidr ..................... R Nitrolwnzene.............................. R Ifcatrr........................................... | 1 liiMilulilr Figure* allow pram* R of Solnl.lr Arorlor per 100 Slightly Soluble milliliter* of'sol 'em at 1I VS Verv Soluble 25C unlcs* otherwise indicate,I. I SR ,_ 4465 Col,i not SS R R vs 1I VS vs vs vs vs vs vs VR vs vs VS vs vs vs vs vs vs VR vs vs vs vs vs VR vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s vs s vs s vs s vs vs vs vs vs ss ss s ss s s ss vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs <5.0 s vs vs vs vs vs s ss ss I ss s vs vs 1 5460 25C 112 178 11 0019713 TOWOLDMON0020804 FIG. 4 12 VAPOR PRESSURE-- m m MERCURY 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 JO 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0019714 TOWOLDMON0020805 FIG. 5 VAPORIZATION LOSS The low valorization loss of Aroclors 16 indicated in the folio*ing Table VII. It in conrludrd that the vaporization rate6 of Aroclom especially 12.VI and 1260 which are the most widely u*ed member* of the Aroclor family in the plasticizer field, compare most favorable with the similar constants of other plasticizers selected specifically for these tests because of their low vaporization rates. VAPOR PRESSURES The vapor pressures of several Aroclors are indi cated in Figure 4 over the temperature range, 150 to 300C. The following estimated vapor pressures of several Aroclors at 100F shown in Table VJJI were determined by extrapolation from the values shown in Figure 4. 13 0019715 f TOWOLDMON0020806 TABLB Vtt Vaporization Rates Sample Aroclor 1221........................................... ............... Aroclor 1232........................................... .............. Aroclor 1242........................................... .............. Aroolor 1248........................................... .............. Clorafin-42-S.......................................... .............. DOP (dioctvl phthalatc).................... .............. Diitrcx 25............................................... .............. Aroolor 1254........................................... .............. Diitrcx 20................................................ .............. Aroolor 1262........................................... .............. Aroolor 1260........................................... .............. Aroolor 4465........................................... .............. Aroclor 1270........................................... ............... Aroclor 5442........................................... ............... Aroolor 5460........................................... .............. Tricrosvl phosphate............................... .............. Wt. Lobs Gttib. 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 Hours Exposure 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 24 Surface Area Cm* 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Valorisation Hate gms. /rm.*hr. KHV'C 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 TABLE VIII Approximate Vapor Pressures Calculated at 100 F (37.8 C) Aroclor 1232................. ................ 0.005 Aroclor 1242................. ................0.001 Aroclor 1248................. ................0.00037 Aroclor 1254................. ................0.00006 mm. Hg. mm. Hg. min. Hg. mm. Hg. 14 0019716 TOWOLDMON0020807 APPLICATIONS ADHESIVES Liquid and resinous Aroelors are noted commer cially in the adhesives field for their usefulness in prepaying synthetic adhesives and as additives in protective coatings to improve adhesion. This quality of the Aroelors is related to their plasti cizing action on the plasties materials commonly used in adhesives and coatings. Interesting examples are the use. of Aroelors in adhesives and coatings based on polystyrene, vinyl polymers, ethvleelhdose, chlorinated ruld>er and other plastics materials, usually polymers. Aroclor adhesives are thermoplastic and can he prepared either with or without solvents, Hot* mclt Aroclor adhesives do not require high tem peratures for easy application and are set immedi ately upon cooling. Aroelors strongly resist attack hy water, aeids, alkalies, and other common corrosive influences as well as organisms. By proper selection of materials, adhesives utilizing Aroelors can lie made to possess outstanding resistance against all of these destructive influences. The most widely used Aroelors in the adhesives field arc 1254, 1260. 4165 ami 5460. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Heeause of their nonflammability, high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor, the liquid and resinous Aroelors arc extremely useful materials for the electrical industry. Aroelors are used to impregnate capacitors or condensers and transformers. Since the liquid Aroelors will absorb sufficient moisture from the atmosphere to impair the electrical characteristics, it is euslomury to treat Aroclor intended for this application before use with a dehydrating clay. An effective product for this purpose is Attapnlgus clav 80 300 mesh dried for 4 hours at 400C. and i.h-.I at the rate of 0.125% based on the weight of Aroclor, followed by filtration. Treatment is improved if the Aroclor is heated to 80-85C. Another important use of Aroelors in the electrical field is the use of Aroelors 1260, 4465 and 5460 in wire or cable coatings and as impregnants for cotton and asbestos braided insulation. Aroclor 5460 is useful as an impregnant for carbon radio resistors to reduce the influence of moisture. EXPANSION MEDIUM Because of their stability under variations in temperature and freedom from gum formation from oxidation, the Aroelors are useful as expand ing media in bellows controls and in thermostats. HYDRAULIC MEDIUM Power Transmission The Aroelors are superior hydraulic media for power transmission. Because of their greater den sity and E. I*, characteristics they approach more closely the theoretical transmission values for mechanical power as illustrated in Figure 6. This greater efficiency makes possible a reduction in the size of the hydraulic coupling design. In order to meet extremely low-temperature weather conditions, it is necessary to adjust the freezing point of the Aroclor selected by the addi tion of a pour point depressant. Suitable adjust ments can be made in the composition to reach a pour point of minus 65F. The steepness of the viscosity-temperature curve of the Aroelors is a handicap to the application of Aroelors to many types of fluid transmission. This curve can be flattened to a marked degree by introduction of a viscosity-index corrector. By proper choice of viscosity modifiers and pour point depressants, the viscosity-temperature curve can be made to coincide with any standard hydro carbon oil viscosity curve. Information will be gladly furnished. Hydraulic Pressure Medium Use of D.T. Light Oil (mineral base) or other flammable oils as hydraulic media in the operation of pressurized svstcins in the vicinity of open flames or metallic surfaces heated to elevated temperatures has resulted in substantial property damage and also serious burns including loss of 15 0019717 life as a result of fire. Zinc and aluminum alloy die-casting machines and hydraulic mechanisms used to operate doors and other equipment around industrial furnaces are excellent examples of operations where it is prudent to use a noncumhustihle hydraulic medium for safety reasons. Some of these systems operate under pressures as high as 2000 pounds per square inch. When a line ruptures under these conditions, the hydraulic medium is emitted in the form of a spray or a fine mist over a wide area. Such a mist presents un usual requirements with reference to the non combustible qualities of the hydraulic medium. For safety under these conditions, it i6 essential that the oil must have a relatively high oxygen requirement in order not to support combustion when impinged on a hot metal surface or when in contact with fire. Ability to fulfill this requirement is not adequately reflected merely by the factors that an oil docs not possess a flash point, and a fire point in conjunction with a high spontaneous ignition temperature. Sprav flammability to a large degree seems to be a separate consideration. Test6 conducted by the Navy indicated that high boiling liquids requiring more than approximately 45 percent oxygen in the spray flammability tests failed to cause a fire in the incendiary firing tests also conducted by the Navy. The percent of oxygen requirement for Aroclor 1248 combustion in the spray flammability limit study was established at 64 percent. This result firmly establishes the nonflammable and uoncombustible qualities of Aroclor 1248 and in this respect strongly recommends Aroclor 1248 as an unusually safe hydraulic medium. Other desirable qualities of Aroclor 1248 for this specific use are its extremely high order of stability under beating and pressure, lubricating qualities, noncorrosiveness, moisture resistance and relative freedom from odor. Aroclor 1248 is used commercially in centralized zinc and aluminum die casting systems. Such installations may involve operation with as much as 2000 gallons of Aroclor 1248 distributed to about 15 die-casting machines. Under proper operating conditions the Aroclor make-up in the system is very low. Normal operating tempera- tures of the hydraulic medium may be in the range of 70 to 120F. Centralized systems utilize piston-type pumps and an accumulator is used for smooth operation. In some instances, Aroclor 1248 is used in combi nation with a high lubricity oil in the proportions of 20 gallons of Aroclor and not more than one gallon of the oil. The hydraulic medium is kept clean and free of suspended particles by passage through a centrifugal or by filtering it through a properly prepared bed of Attapulgus earth. Aroclor 1248 is also used in individual or unit die casting systems usually equipped with vane-tvpe pumps. Frequently these individual die-casting machines have built-in filters. However, if the machine is not already provided with a filter, either a portable or permanent filter should be provided in order to keep the hydraulic medium clean. /T/V&/A/S 5PD /PPM Liquid Heating Medium Aroclors 1242, 1248 and 1254 are used as a circulating heating medium with great success. Good circulation and a well designed heating sys tem are necessary to prevent local overheating of the Aroclor heating medium. Aroclor 1248 is rec- 16 0019716 TOWOLDMON0020809 ommcndcd for universal use up to 315C (600F) because of it* fluidity at low temperatures and its uotiflummuhilUv. In pnK-esses when1 a cooling cycle must also Ik* introduced, provision can lie easily made for shunt* ill}* circulating Arvwlor through a water cooled heat exchanger, thus emploving one medium for both heating and cooling. In special eases, Aroclors 1212 and 1251 can he suhstilnled for the Aroelor 1218. If extremely low outside temperatures an* encountered, the less vis cous Aroelor 1212 can la- used, hut it has the disad vantage of being llammahle above (6260I,'J. Higher temperatures up lo 3250 (617F) can he attained in the heating medium if Arwlor 1251 is used. Provision can easily he made for warm ing the Aroelor after a shut-down so that it can he pumped. Design for a simple, effective liquid Aroelor heat ing svstem for small unit operations is available and described in Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. IM30. LUBRICATION Air Compressors The presence of oil, oil vapors or mixtures of oxygen and oil fractions in the discharge lines and receivers of air compressors presents a constant hazard which needs only a particle of hot carbon to create a serious explosion. This problem has been solved by engineers of one large user of this type equipment by employing Aroelor 1254 as the internal lubricant for high compression air compressors. Their experience with more than 15 high-pressure compressors of various types is reported in the American Machinists Magazine, September 28, 1911. This use of Aroclors is described in Monsanto Technical Bul letin No. j'-m Cutting Oils Aroclors arc used commercially in high quality cutting oils of the "straight" oil and "soluble" oil types. High Temperature 'i'he heat-resisting, nonflammable characteristics of the Aroclors make them attractive as lubricants under conditions of high temperature, as, for ex ample, in governor systems of central power sta tions. Aroelor 1218 is well suited to this application. Straight Aroelor 1254 gave excellent results on a roller hearing test operating at 255-260<>K with much less carbonization or decomposition Ilian the usual spindle oil under the same conditions. Extreme Pressure Jl is a well accepted hypothesis in the lubrication industry that by the addition of certain elements such as chlorine, sulfur and others in the proper form to a lubricating oil, a certain chemical com bination lakes place with the iron or steel metal bearing surfaces. These surface compositions tend to prevent seizure of the rubbing surfaces under extreme loads and under which loads, if the sob; lubricant were a pure mineral oil, seizure or scor ing would result at once through film failure. As an extreme pressure (IS. I*.) lubricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroclors 1248 and 1254 materially increase the load-carry ing properties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These Aroclors repre sent one of the more adequate carriers for the clement chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: 1. Stability. They are stable, even at higher temperatures, which permits neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation and should not cause continued chem ical action on metal parts except the particular chemical metal surface combination which is nec essary to effect high load-carrying capacities. 2. Non-volatile. Many other types of chlorine hearing compounds are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service because of the escape of the elements from the lubricant. The Aroclors are non-volatile at normal temperatures. 17 0019719 TOWOLDMON 3. Non-oxidizing. Aroclors do not oxidize or thicken up to an objectionable degree. 4. Non-corrosive. Aroclors are non-corrosivc toward metal surfaces. 5. Non-ahrasiw. Aroclors exert no abrasion on the machined surfaces. 6. Non-hydrolysis. Aroclors do not hydrolyze in the presence of water, thus avoiding the genera tion of hydrochloric acid. 7. Coi;>fjf!>ih'ty. Aroclors are completely misci ble with mineral oils. 8. Color. Aroclors do not darken or change the color of the lubricating oil. Submerged Lubrication Under conditions of lubrication subjected to expo sure to water displacement such, for example, as lubrication of bridge rollers, a beavicr-thanwater lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aroclor and oil, of which the following are lypica 1 examples: Mix No. % l.y Wt.- Aroclor Oil* ]24H Pour Point Gravity at 15.5C 1 50 50 0F 1.1263 2 25 75 + 5F 1.2703 *Hrigbl Stock: Gravity API 22-23 Approx. lbs./gal. 9.4 10.6 Viscosity 210 F--160 Saybolt Secs. Color AS'J'M--7-8 Flash Point--545F Pour Point--15F GASKETS AND PACKING MATERIALS Particularly in the use of Aroclors at elevated temperatures, as encountered in Aroclor beattransfer installations, and to a lesser extent in the use of Aroclors as hydraulic media careful selec tion of gasket and packing materials is required. Hot Aroclors plasticize and swell "rubber" materials including llyear P, Koroseal. Perbunan and Neoprene. Although materials of this type are used as gaskets in certain Aroclor installa tions, careful consideration must be given them in light of expected operating condition to assure that satisfactory performance will be obtained. Thiokol is not attacked by Aroclors at ordinary temperatures but cannot be recommended for use with Aroclors at elevated temperatures. This is apparent from the following temperature ranges indicating the maximum temperature beyond which various types of Thiokol are not stable: Thiokol Type A.................150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type FA..............150 to 200F, max. Thiokol Type ST..............250 to 300F, max. Kesistoflex, polyvinyl alcohol, resists attack by Aroclors but since this polymer is soluble in water, its consideration for practical use involves drastic limitations where water or moisture must be considered. Silastic (Dow Coming's Silicone 180) is remark ably resistant to deterioration from contact with hot Aroclors and is suggested for gaskets. The following changes in physical properties were noted when Silastic was immersed in Aroclor for seventy hours at 150C. 1. Hardness was lowered about 20 points. 2. Elasticity was improved several points. 3. Practically no change in tensile strength. 4. An appreciable increase in the ultimate elongation. Teflon (duPont's poly letra fluoroethylcne) is not attacked by hot Aroclor (130C.) and is to be recommended as a gasket material. So far attempts to make Teflon diaphragms for valves have not been very successful in some cases because the Teflon seems to lack the desired flexibility. It is indicated that leather gaskets and leather packing compositions are satisfactory for use with Aroclors. Frequently, thin sheets of aluminum are used satisfactorily as gaskets at flanged joints. Oarlock Packing Company's No. 7021, iwh asbestos fiber sheet is used at the flange connec tions in several of Monsanto's Aroclor heatexchange units. Oarlock's braided No. 117 packing is used in the valves and Oarlock's No. 234 ma terial is used for packing the Aroclor pumps. Also, Durametallie Corporation's Type B-7 Dura Plastic is used as packing for Aroclor pumps. It is also understood that Oarlock No. 431 and Chevron No. 7050-C materials are satisfactory as 18 0019720 TOWOLDMONOQ20811 parking. Likewise Durametallic's Spiral Asbestos Tiber may lx* used. Doubtless, Johns-Manvillc and others have comparable packing materials which would be suitable. The following materials are being used satisfac torily as pipe thread compounds in Aroclor units: ]. Plastic Lead Seal, Durametallie Corporation. 2. Ordinary white lead. 3. Glyptal No. 2, General Klectrie Company. fabric did not produce primary irritancy or sen sitization of the skin. If Aroclors are spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual manner with soap solu tions. If accidental burns occur from contact w ith hot Aroclors, the burn should he treated the same as any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not he removed immediately unless treatment of the burn demands it, in which case use soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil. j DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY At ordinary temperatures Aroclors have not pre sented industrial toxicological problems. ! Skin patch tests with a polyvinylchloride free film plasticized with 11.5 percent by weight of Aroclor If Aroclors are used at elevated temperatures such as 200or 300 C. in open systems, methods must 1254 (about 25 per cent based on the weight of he designed to exhaust any vapors arising from the vinyl resin) and a similar amount of dioctyl these open systems. This applies especially to phlhalate showed that this film was not a pri- lower chlorinated Aroclors where experimental ( mary irritanl or a sensitizer. work on animals indicates that the maximum safe Also, skin patch tests on Aroclor 1254 alone concentration of vapors in workrooms is in the ! applied to gauze and placed in contact with the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligrams per cubic meter of i skin showed no primary irritancy or sensitization. air. In the case of more highly chlorinated Aroclors * Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with such as Aroclor 1268, the allowable limit is about Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin, in 10 milligrams per cubic meter of air and accord such a manner that the Aroclor concentration in ingly, Aroclors of this type are believed to he of the paint film on the fabric was about 17 percent a much lower order of toxicity. by weight of paint solids and the finished coated Where Aroclor vapors may he encountered in j fabric contained approximately seven percent by workrooms, local exhaust ventilation together with weight of Aroclor 5460 showed that this painted general workroom exhaust is recommended. 19 TOWOLDMONOQ20812 SUGGESTED USES FOR AROCLORS In PLASTICS, PIGMENTS, LACQUERS, PAINTS, VARNISHES and WAXES The AroclorB are compatible with most of the common plastics materials (see compatibility table on this page). The degree of flexibility imparted by the AroclorB diminishes progressively in the order of liquid Aroclor -- soft resin -- hard resin. The hardness of the resulting compositions increases in the same order. Usually a satisfactory balance between flexibility and hardness can be obtained either by selecting the Aroclor of proper physical characteristics or by using a mixture of two or more Aroclors. Compatibility With Various Materials__ Asphalt....................................................................... C Benzyl Cellulose..................................................... Carnauha Wax......................................................... C C Cellulose Acetate.................................................... 1 Cellulose Accto Butyrate.................................... C Chlorinated Kubber.............................................. C Coumaronc and Indcnc Resins........................ C Dammar Resin....................................................... C Ester Gum................................................................ C Ethyl Cellulose....................................................... C Manila Gum............................................................ I Nitrocellulose........................................................ C Paraffin....................................................................... C Phenolic Resins.................................................... Varies.* Polystyrene Resins................................................ Polyiso-But ylene .................................................. C C Rosin........................................................................... C Rubber....................................................................... C Sulfur.......................................................................... Styrene-Butadiene Co-polvmer6..................... C C Vinyl Resins............................................................ C C--- Indicates compatibility to a degree sufficient to be of value. 1 -- Indicates incompatibility. * Not compatible in final stage. ETHYL CELLULOSE The Aroclors are very compatible with ethyl cel lulose, the liquids imparting great flexibility and the resinous products great hardness. 75 parts bv weight of Aroclor 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces great flexibility and just a slight tackiness. Aroclor 5460 in the same propor tion produces a very hard and somewhat brittle composition. Aroclor 4465 produces hard films which are not brittle at ordinary temperature. For coatings of high gloss and exceptional weath ering qualities to be applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of Aroclor 5460 and ethyl cellulose are suggested. If greater flexibility is required, one of the softer Aroclors should be used, cither alone or as a replacement for part of the Aroclor 5460 and the proportion of Aroclor should be decreased. A typical formula i6 as follows: Ethyl Cellulose............................................... 15% Aroclor 1260.................................................... 15% Toluene.............................................................. 56% Butanol.............................................................. 14% GRAPHIC ARTS 100% The Aroclors are used as vehicles for carrying pigments employed in glass decoration. When the decorations have been applied and the glass is fired, the Aroclors volatilize without carboniza tion and thus avoid discoloration of the glass. Aroclors 1254 and 4465 are used. Aroclor 4465 is a useful resin for compounding rotogravure inks. 20 TOWOLDMONOQ20813 A mimeograph ink suitable for use on bond paper contains the following ingredients: Aroclor 4465.................................................... 40% Lubricating Oil (SUV1200 @ 100F).. 35% Paraffin Oil (SUV 76 @100F)............. 20% Carbon Black.................................................. 4% Oil Soluble Dye........................................ 1% Aroclor 4465 may also be used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. A thin coating of the Aroclor is applied hot to one side of paper. While it is still hot* bronze powder is spread upon the coating. The bronze powder adheres to the Aroclor completely covering the paper. This product is used in making the "gold leaf' letters on books, etc. The paper treated with Aroclor and bronze powder is placed upon the book binding. A hot die is pressed upon it. The Aroclor softens and sticks the bronze to the binding and forms a coat ing over it to protect it from tarnishing. IMPREGNATION The Aroclors may be used to impregnate cloth, paper, wood or asbestos in order to impart mois ture and gas resistance, adhesion, insulating prop erties, alkali or other chemical resistance, flame resistance, or lubricating qualities. For this type of work they are used in combinations with other materials such as waxes, inorganic pigments, asphalt, tars, aluminum stearate, sulphur, etc., in order to obtain exactly the physical character istics desired for the specific purpose. Aroclors 1254, 4465 and 5460, or the corresponding darkcolored products, are suggested as most applicable. Wood impregnated by vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Aroclor 4465.............................................. 70% Microcrystalline Wax............................ 20% Sulfur............................................................10% is definitely tougher, harder and more moisture resistant than untreated wood. This coating is very resistant to acids and alkalies but will be attacked by aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The surface is not appreciably' dis colored ami can be painted. Various degrees of hardness and adhesion can be obtained by vary ing the Aroclor: wax: sulfur ratio. MOISTURE PROOFING For use as moisture proof coatings on wood, paper, concrete and brick, the Aroclors are best com bined with waxes, especially paraffin or carnauba, oils such as mineral oil or drying oils, and syn thetic resins including modified alkyds, phcnolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrene-buta diene co-polymer6, ethylcellulose, cellulose aceto butyrate, benzyl cellulose or vinyl resins. Selec tion of materials for use in combination with Aroclors will depend on the end U6e requirements of the specific application. The simplest compositions contain only Aroclor and paraffin. A moisture proofing compound com posed of 96% (by weight) of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin (melting point 54C) has an ASTM soft ening point of about 82 C and 16 very efficient. Substituting Aroclor 4465 for Aroclor 5460 pro duces a compound with a softening point of about 58C. Softening point and viscosity when melted may be further decreased by using mixtures of Aroclors. For example, a composition containing 40% of Aroclor 1260, 56% of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin will be very soft at ordinary temperatures. Increased proportions of paraffin will also pro duce softer compounds. PIGMENT Aroclor 1270 is a hard, white crystalline product of high melting point, insoluble in most solvents, resistant to chemicals and to oxidation. When ground to a fine powder it makes an excellent organic pigment for use with the various plastics. It may he used alone or with conventional pigments. PAINTS AND VARNISHES The Aroclors are soluble in paint and varnish oils and impart properties corresponding to the phys ical character of the particular Aroclor. The hard resinous Aroclors tend to give increased hardness to the films while the viscous resins impart flexibilily 21 0019723 TOWOLDMONOQ20814 The Aroclors do not react chemically with oils, hence there is no advantage in heating together in making a varnish. They are best added as a "chill back" or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. As far as incorporation of the Aroclors is con cerned, the only reason for heating is to make the Aroclors liquid so that they can be readily mixed with the oils. Aroclors 4465 and 5460 will produce paints that arc very quick drying and yet have excellent durability. The weight of Aroclor used should be from 30% to 50% of the weight of the oils. Aroclor 1260 is best for short oil varnishes that are required at the same time to be flexible. The Aroclor may be considered to play the same role as oil, with the difference that it does not oxidize and lose its flexibility on exposure. Resins of the alkyd, phenolic or ester gum type, or a harder Aroclor such as 5460, may be used in making varnish formulations. It is suggested that for two parts by weight of oil, one part of Aroclor 1260 and one part of other resin be used. These pro portions can be varied as required. The Aroclors impart water and alkali resistance and in these qualities enhance the value of the other resin6 used in the varnish. Aroclors arc excellent grinding and dispersing media for pigments used in paints and varnishes. Aroclor 1254 is used to disperse aluminum powder in a paste form which can be incorporated easily into paints and varnishes. The Aroclor imparts excellent leafing qualities, brightness or luster and docs not tarnish the aluminum pigment on aging. Moreover, the composition docs not support com bustion. RUBBER AND RUBBER SUBSTITUTES The liquid Aroclors, 1221, 1232, 1242 and 1248 have a strong plasticizing action on rubber, both natural and synthetic. Aroclors 1254 and 1260 are milled into rubber in order to impart perma nent tackiness and adhesion. A small amount of Aroclor 1260 added to hard rubber acts as a plasticizer and reduces the brittleness. Aroclor 1270, being a hard crystalline material of high melting point, can be ground to a powder and then milled into rubber. The milling tem perature being below the melting point of the Aroclor, the latter is dispersed through the mass of rubber and acts as an efficient flame reducer. This same procedure can be used with synthetic rubbers to impart fireproofness. From 5% to 25% of Aroclor 1270 based on the weight of the resin is required. Aroclor 1262 is recommended as a plasticizer for crepe rubber resin in paint compositions. Used in concentrations of 5% to 50%, based on the weight of the rubber resin, it increases the gloss and alkali resistance of the film and increases its ad hesiveness toward steel. Aroclor 1268 used at a level of about three pounds per 200 pounds of Neoprene has excellent working qualities as a plasticizer at 225-325F. in injec tion moldings. MODIFIED RUBBER FINISHES Chlorinated rubber (Parlon) and copolymers of styrene-butadiene (Pliolitc S-5) are used widely as protective and decorative coatings for concrete and masonry structures, steel structures, railway tank and gondola cars, wood and metal maritime equipment. Aroclor 1254 is used as a plasticizer and Aroclor 5460 i6 used as a resin fortifier in these coatings which are used where flame resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, i.c., resistance to acids, alkalies and water and good electrical insu lating properties are required. The use of Aroclors in making these protective coatings is described in Monsanto Technical Bul letin No. P-124, "Aroclors as Used in Chlorinated Rubber," and Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-126, "Aroclors as Used in Pliolitc S-5." VINYL RESINS The Aroclors arc compatible with all the vinyl resins and are used mainly as co-plasticizers with tricresyl phosphate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl plithalate and other plasticizers for vinyls to im part good plasticizing action, chemical and corro sion resistance and excellent electrical properties at a substantial reduction in cost. This use of Aroclors is described in Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-131, "Aroclors as Co Plasticizers for Polyvinylchloride" and Technical Bulletin No. P-134, "Aroclor 1254 Co-Plasticizer with DOP for Vinyl Organosols and Pastes." 22 001972* TOWOLDMONOQ20815 Aroclor plasticizers are very attractive for use with dioctyl phthalatc in preparing organosols, plastisols or pastes of vinyl plasties used for making free films, textile coatings and coatings for paper. In many of these applications the, fire-resistant quality of Aroclors is important. Also, the Aroclors serve as excellent media for grinding and dispers ing the pigments used. It is interesting to note that the vaporization rates of Aroclors, especially Aroclors 1254 and 1260 which are the most widely used members of the Aroclor family in the vinyl plasticizer field, com pare most favorably with the similar constants of other commonly used vinyl plasticizers. (Sec Table VII, Page 14.) It is also important to note that a free film made up of polyvinylchloride containing 11.5 percent by weight of Aroclor 1254 and a similar amount of dioctyl phthalatc along with standard white pig ments was found free from irritating or sensitizing the skin in accordance with commonly used skin patch tests. Moreover, similar studies made with Aroclor 1254 alone indicate that this plasticizer is neither a skin irritant nor sensitizer. While this indicates safety in using Aroclor 1254, the use of the plasticizer is not suggested for such items as baby pants or other items that arc intimately in coni act wit h t he, skin. Another excellent use for Aroclors in vinyl plastics is in the preparation of adhesives. The Aroclors impart outstanding adhesive qualities and give good resistance against water and corrosive in fluences. Moreover, the Aroclors arc resistant against organism attack and when used in com bination with other properly selected ingredients, vinyl adhesives can be prepared which strongly resist attack by organisms. NITROCELLULOSE COATINGS The Aroclors function both as plasticizers and resins and may be used alone with the nitro cellulose or in combinations with other plasti cizers or resins. They impart weather resistance, luster, adhesion and decreased burning rate. Their excellent electrical characteristics (high dielectric strength and resistivity and low power factor) and their property of retarding the passage of moisture and gases through nitrocellulose, chlorinated rub ber, and other similar plastics films make the Aroclors of special value in coatings for electrical insulating materials. The accompanying trilinear diagrams show the practical compatibility limits of Aroclors 1254 and 1262 when used in conjunction with some other resins and plasticizers. Aroclor 1260 gives values almost the same as those shown for 1262. The less viscous Aroclors have greater and the more res inous Aroclors Ie68 compatibility than for those shown. (See trilinear diagrams that follow.) To illustrate the differences possible to obtain by changes in formulation, three formulas are given below. All have excellent durability but the third is much softer and more flexible than the other two. Only the solids contents are given. The amounts tabulated are parts by weight. Aroclor Lacquers No. ] ^second Nitrocellulose (dry) 100 Dammar resin................... .... 80 Ester Gum......................... ____ -- Aroclor 1260...................... ....20-39 Dibutyl Phthalatc.......... ....20- 0 Tricresyl Phosphate.... .. -- No. 2 100 -- 80 20 20 -- No. 3 100 -- -- 80-70 -- 39-70 No. 1 and No. 2 have excellent sanding and polishing qualities. No. 3 is very flexible but too soft for sanding. Where extremely high flexibility is desired, as for example in lacquers for high tension automotive cables, the following composition is suggested: 15 -- 20 sec. R. S. Nitrocellulose............................ 100 parts by weight Tricresyl Phosphate............... 120 parts by weight Aroclor 1242.............................. 80 parts by weight WAXES The use of Aroclors to extend or substitute Carnauha Wax and reduce the cost of the wax formu lation is described in Bulletin No. P-132. This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors in wTax blends possessing the qualities of Carnauba Wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes. Selected Aroclors such as 5460 used in conjunction with various waxes make excellent impregnating compounds for furniture drawers, etc., to prevent sticking. Resinous Aroclors used in combination with waxes make excellent and inexpensive sealers for concrete and masonry surfaces, wood, fiber board and paper products. 23 00197*5 TOWOLDMONOQ20816 DIAGRAMS SHOWING PRACTICAL COMPOSITION OF LACQUERS USING AROCLORS 1254 AND 1262 In the trilmear diagrams the compositions, represented by any point in the unshaded areas, are those which produce homogeneous lacquer films. On the other hand compositions represented by points in the shaded areas produce impractical, segregated, brittle or soft films. For detailed information as to the derivation and use of these diagrams reference is made to the following articles: Jenkins & Foster. "Compatibility Relationships of the Aroclors in Nitrocellulose Lacquers," Ind. Eng. Chem. 23. 1362 (1931). Hofmann & Reid, "Graphical Methods in Lacquer Technology," Ind. Eng. Chem. 20, 431 (1928); "Formulation of Nitrocellulose Lacquers," Ind. Eng. Chem. 20,687 (1928). 24 0019726 TOWOLDMONOQ20817 Practical Composition of Lacquers using Arodors 1254 and 1262 -- (continued) > 5 plilItalic anhydridc-j'lucerol type and where the Aroelor is Aroelor 1262.* For combinations where the resin is of the phthalic anhydride-glycerol type and where the Aroelor is Aroelor 1254. i 25 001972 7 I TOWOLDMONOQ20818 Practical Composition of Lacquers using Aroclors 1254 and 1262 -- (concluded) Pe/XNT AKOCLO# For combinations where the Aroclor resin is Aroclor J262* and where the plasticizer is Dibutyl Phthalatc. > For romhinations wliere the Aroclor resin is Aroclor 1202* and where the plasticizer is Tricresy! Phosphate. 26 00X97Z8 11 TOWOLDMONOQ20819 Other Literature on Aroclor Applications Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-P-1J5 THE AKOCLORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-124 AROCLORS AS USED IN CHLORINATED RUBBER Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-126 AROCLORS AS USED IN PLIOLITE S-5 Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-128 AROCLOR -- INCOMBUSTIBLE LUBRICANTS USED IN HIGHPRESSURE COMPRESSORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-130 AN INDIRECT AROCLOR HEATER FOR UNIT CHEMICAL OPERATIONS Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-131 AROCLORS AS C0-PLASTIC1ZERS FOR POLYVINYLCHLORIDE Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-132 AROCLORS AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-134 AROCLOR 1254 CO-PLASTICIZER WITH DOP FOR VINYL ORGANOSOLS AND PASTES Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-137 AROCLOR--A NONFLAMMABLE HYDRAULIC FLUID FOR DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS a-lUfr-01167-71 27 I'rinled In U. S. A. 00197Z9 TOWOLDMON0020820 The information contained in this booklet has been obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable and dependable, but we cannot guarantee the correctness of the same or be responsible for any loss or damage that results from the use of such information. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MO. 0019 730 * TOWOLDMONOQ20821 MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY, ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION P. O. BOX 478, SAINT LOUIS 3, MISSOURI WHIIL CREATIVE UHH HOIKS MS 101 WO TOWOLDMONOQ20822